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Türkçe - İngilizce Redhouse Sözlüğü'nün metni, Serap Bezmez, G.H. Brown tarafından hazırlanmıştır. Düzelti işleri, Nilüfer Aydın ve Hüseyin Vatan tarafından yapılmıştır.
ISBN: 975-8176-41-2
Yedinci Baskı, Nisan 2007
Yüzüncü Yıl Mahallesi, Matbaacılar Sitesi, 5. Cadde, No.47, Bağcılar, İstanbul, Türkiye adresinde bulunan Ayhan Matbaası tarafından basılmıştır.
      TÜRKÇE-İNGİLİZCE REDHOUSE SÖZLÜĞÜ
 The REDHOUSE TURKISH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
                           dl
                        Redhouse
                                   Önsöz
    Türkçe-İngilizce Redhouse Sözlüğü, Çağdaş Türkçe-lngilizce Redhouse Sözlüğü'nün yeni baskısıdır. İlk baskıdaki yanlışları düzeltmenin yanı sıra sözlüğe yeni maddeler ekledik ve var olan maddelerin çoğunu genişlettik ya da yeniden yazdık. Bazı maddeleri örneklerle zenginleştirdik. Maddeler yalnızca bugün Türkiye’de sık karşılaşılan sözcüklerden oluşmuyor, aynı zamanda, günümüzde kullanılmamakla birlikte elli altmış yıl önce yaygm olarak kullanılan pek çok sözcüğü de kapsıyor. Kısacası, bu sözlüğün, 1928 dil devriminden bu yana Türkçenin Türkiye’de konuşulan ve yazılan şekliyle ilgilenen herkesin gereksinimini karşılayacağına inanıyoruz.
                                                                              Serap Bezmez C. H. Brown Mart 1999
                                     Preface
    The Redhouse Turkish-English Dictionary is a new edition of The Redhouse Contemporary Turkish-English Dictionary. Besides correcting errors found in the first edition, we have added new entries and enlarged or reworked many of the original entries. We have enriched a number of entries by including examples of usage. The entries include not just the words that are. most frequently encountered in Turkey today, but many words that, although now either obşolete or obsolescent, were in common use only fifty or sixty years ago. In short, we believe that this dictionary will serve the needs of all who are dealing with Turkish as it has been spoken and written in Turkey since the language reform of 1928.
                                                                              Serap Bezmez C. H. Brown March 1999
                              Açıklamalar
1.  Tanımlanan sözcüğün daha yaygın olan anlamı diğerlerinden önce sıralanmıştır.
2.  Eşanlamlı sözcükler virgülle ayrılmıştır.
3.  Yakın anlamlı karşılık veya tanımlar noktalı virgülle ayrılmıştır.
4.  Taksim işareti “veya” anlamında kullanılmıştır. Örneğin nutuk maddesi altında verilen nutuk atmak/çekmek deyimindeki taksim işareti nutuk sözcüğünün atmak veya çekmek fiilleriyle birlikte kullanılacağını göstermektedir.
5.  Örneklerden önce iki nokta üst üste konulmuştur.
6.  Önemli derecede farklı olan anlamlar birbirinden rakamla ayrılmıştır.
7.  Açıklayıcı bilgiler italik olarak veya parantezler içinde yazılmıştır.
8.  Maddebaşı olan sözcük, maddenin her altbölümünde uzun çizgi (—) ile gösterilmiştir.
      a)  Maddebaşı sözcük bir altbölümde büyük harfle başlıyorsa, büyük harf genellikle uzun çizginin başına bitişik olarak yazılmıştır. Örneğin Adalet Bakanlığı, Büyük Millet Meclisi, Kuzey Kutbu ve Milli Güvenlik Kurulu, A— Bakanlığı, B— Millet Meclisi, K— Kutbu ve M— Güvenlik Kurulu şeklinde yazılmıştır.
      b)  Altbölümdeki maddebaşı sözcüğün sonunda bir ek varsa, o ek, uzun çizgiye bitişik olarak yazılmıştır. Örneğin çantada keklik, gözü korkmak, iştahı açılmak ve kafası yerinde olmamak sözleri —da keklik, —ü korkmak, —ı açılmak ve —sı yerinde olmamak şeklinde yazılmıştır.
9.  Deyimler, atasözleri, özdeyişler ve iki veya daha çok sözcükten oluşan tamlamalar hangi sözcükle başlıyorsa o sözcüğün altında altbölüm olarak gösterilmiştir. Örneğin bir çırpıda veya hep beraber deyimlerini bulmak için çırpı veya beraber sözcükleri yerine bir veya hep sözcüklerinin altına bakılmalıdır.
10. Türkçe sözcüklerin yazımıyla ilgili bazı önemli noktalar aşağıda belirtilmiştir:
      a)  Çekimi kurallara uymayan isimler -i halleriyle birlikte verilmiştir: bürün, -rnu; dikkat, -ti; hat, -ttı; hukuk, -ku; nevi, -v’i; rol, -lü; tabi, -ii.
      b)  Düzeltme işaretinin kullanılışında şu kurallara uyulmuştur:
      (1) G ve k ünsüzlerinden sonra gelen a ve u ünlüleri üzerine konulan düzeltme işareti, g ve k ünsüzlerinin ince okunacağını gösterir: eşkâl, ikametgâh, Kâbe, kâğıt, karargâh, topyekûn, yegâne.
      (2) Diğer durumlarda, bir ünlü üzerine konulan düzeltme işareti o ünlünün uzun okunacağını gösterir: âdet, hâsılat, mâni, nâr, yâr.
      c)  Kesme işaretinin kullanılışında şu kurallar göz önünde tutulmuştur:
      (1) Kesme işareti genellikle, özel isimleri, kısaltmaları, rakamları, alfabedeki harfleri ve sonekleri takılardan ya da kendilerine eklenen ile bağlacından ayırmak için kullanılır: Ümit’ten; SEKA’ya; 2’nin; d’si; Ayşe’ye; Bu fiilin eki -di’dir; Onat’la; Müdür sınıftaki Osman’ları odasına çağırdı.
      (2) Önemli bir kişiye duyulan saygıyı belirtmek amacıyla büyük harfle yazılan o zamiri, takılardan kesme işaretiyle ayrılır: O’na, O’nun.
      (3) Kesme işareti bazen gırtlaksı bir kesintiye işaret eder: mer’i, nev’i, ye’se.
 viii
11.  Türkçe sözcüklerin söylenişiyle ilgili şu noktalar dikkate alınmalıdır:
     a) Bir sözcüğün söylenişi belirtilmemişse, o sözcüğün hiç uzun hecesinin olmadığı ve son hecesinin hafifçe vurgulu olduğu anlamına gelir.
     b) Uzun heceli olan ve son hecesi dışındaki herhangi bir hecesi vurgulu olan sözcükler basit bir imleme dizgesiyle açıklanmıştır. Bu dizgeye göre nokta (.) imi kısa heceyi, uzun çizgi (—) uzun heceyi göstermekte, heceyi belirten imden hemen sonra ve yukarıya konulan kesme O imi ise vurgulu heceyi göstermektedir. Örneğin, birinci hecesi uzun ikinci hecesi kısa olan masum sözcüğünün söylenişi biçiminde belirtilmiştir. İkinci hecesi vurgulu olup üç heceden oluşan laterna sözcüğü (./.) imleriyle gösterilmiştir.
     c) Türedikleri kökün uzun ya da vurgulu hecelerini aynen korumayan türevler yukarıda belirtilen imleme dizgesine göre açıklanmıştır.
12.  Ettirgen ve edilgen fiillerle ilgili şu noktalar göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır:
     a) Sözlükte yer alan ettirgen fiiller genellikle İngilizceye to have {someone) do (,something) şeklindeki kalıba göre çevrilmiştir. Ancak bu tür fiillerin ayrıca kullanıldığı bağlama göre İngilizceye şu kalıplara dayanarak çevrilebileceği de göz önünde tutulmalıdır: to have (something) done, to let (someone) do (something), to allow (someone) to do (something), to let (something) be done, to allow (something) to be done veya to make (someone) do (something).
     b) Edilgen hale giren geçişsiz fiiller genellikle impersonal passive (özne almayan fiil) adı altında açıklanmıştır. Bu tür fiiller “one,” “you” veya “people” gibi belgisiz bir özne ile kullanılırlar: Oraya tek başına gidilmez. ‘One doesn’t go there alone.’
13.  Tanımlanan Türkçe sözcüklerin işlev veya anlamının iyice anlaşılması için şu noktalara dikkat edilmelidir:
     a) Sıfat olarak kullanılan bazı Türkçe sözcükler parantezler içindeki bir sözcüğü niteleyen bir sözcük grubuyla tanımlanmıştır: nemelazımcı ‘(someone) who has an I-don’t-give-a-damn attitude.’ Parantezler içindeki someone sözcüğü parantezsiz yazılsaydı nemelazımcı sözcüğünün isim olduğu anlaşılırdı.
     b) Parantezler içinde yazılan belgisiz sıfat a, nitelediği sözcüğün isim olduğunu göstermektedir. Örneğin seksenlik sözcüğünün dördüncü karşılığı ‘(an) octogenarian.’ Seksenlik sözcüğünün ikinci karşılığı olan ‘octogenarian’ sözcüğünden önce belgisiz bir sıfatın bulunmaması bu sözcüğün sıfat olduğuna işaret etmektedir.
14.  Sonunda 4ng eki olan bir ya da birkaç isim-fiil ile tanımlanan sözcükler genellikle isim olarak kullanılmaktadır: engelleme ‘hindering,’ oturma ‘sitting’ veya çıkıkçılık ‘bonesetting.’
15.  Bazı durumlarda parantezler içinde yazılan belgisiz sıfat a, kendisinden sonra gelen sözcüğün sayılabilir nitelikte bir isim olduğunu göstermektedir: öğün ‘(a) meal,’ raunt ‘(a) round,’ and yiyecek ‘(a) food.’
16.  Genellikle sıfat olarak tanımlanan sözcükler isim olarak da kullanılabilir.
17.  Sıfat olarak tanımlanan birçok sözcük, zarf olarak da kullanılabilir: İspanyolcayı iyi konuşuyor. ‘He speaks Spanish well.’ Cesur davrandı. ‘He acted bravely.’
18.  Hem sıfat, hem de isim olarak kullanılabilen önemli bir grup sözcük de -ci sonekiyle bitmekte ve bir şeyle uğraşmayı meslek edinen ya da bir şeyi alışkanlık haline getiren kimseleri (dişçi, röntgenci, beleşçi gibi) veya bir kişi ya da şeye kendini adayan kimseleri (Atatürkçü, halkçı, milliyetçi gibi) belirtmek için kullanılmaktadır. Bu sözcükler genellikle isim olarak kullanıldığı için İngilizce karşılıkları da çoğu zaman isim olarak verilmiştir. Ancak bu tür sözcükler bazen sıfat olarak da kullanılırlar. Örneğin temizlikçi kadın ‘cleaning woman.’
19.  Maddelerin altbölümlerinde maddebaşı olan sözcükten daha sonra gelen ve parantezler içinde yazılan bazı sözcüklerin kullanımı, kullanacak olanın isteğine bırakılmıştır. Örneğin kaşıkla yedirip sapıyla (gözünü) çıkartmak deyimindeki çıkartmak fiilinin nesnesi olan parantezler içindeki gözünü sözcüğü kullanılmasa da olur.
 ix
20. Maddelerin altbölümlerinde, maddebaşı sözcükten önce parantezler içinde yazılan sözcüklerin deyimle birlikte kullanılmaları gerekmektedir. Örneğin şaka sözcüğü altında verilen (iş) şaka götürmemek deyiminde iş sözcüğü şaka götürmemek deyiminden önce parantezler içinde yazılmıştır, çünkü bu deyim her zaman öznesi olan iş sözcüğüyle birlikte kullanılır.
21. Türkçe isim çekim ekleri şu şekillerde belirtilmiştir:
           DURUM                               EK                        ÖRNEK
 Yükleme durumu
 Tamlayan durumu
 Yönelme durumu
 Bulunma durumu
 Çıkma durumu
   İli
  İmi
  lal
  /da/
 /dan/
  ütülemek lıl (örneğin Masa örtüsünü ütüledi.
  She ironed the tablecloth.)
  hakkmdan gelmek İmi (iörneğin Onun hakkından geleceğim. I’m going to get even with him.)
  aykırı olmak /a/ (örneğin Bu kurallara aykırı değil.
  This isn’t against the rules.)
  yıllanmak /da/ (örneğin Orada yıllandı. He’s been there a long time.)
  korkmak /dan/ (örneğin Ondan kork! Be on your guard against him!)
22.  İle edatı şu şekilde belirtilmiştir:
  EK
              ÖRNEK
                                                /la/                  beraber /la/ (örneğin
                                                                       Onunla beraber geldi.
                                                                       She came with him.)
 23. Türkçe sözcüklerin yalnızca en çok kullanılan türevleri gösterilmiştir. Örneğin sütçü, başlatmak ve işsiz sözcüklerine yer verilmiş, votkacı, gıdıklatmak ve kedisiz sözcükleri gösterilmemiştir.
 24. Türkçe sözcüklerin yazılışında genellikle Türk Dil Kurumu’nun 1981 yılında yayımladığı Yeni Yazım Kılavuzu ile Dil Derneği’nin 1990 yılında yayımladığı Yazım Kılavuzunda, önerilen yazım kuralları göz önüne alınmıştır.
 25. İngilizce sözcüklerin yazılışında genellikle G. & C. Merriam Company’nin 1976 yılında yayımladığı Webster's Third New International Dictionary adlı sözlükteki öneriler göz önüne alınmıştır.
 .26. Bu sözlük Amerikan İngilizcesi esas alınarak hazırlandığı için İngiliz İngilizcesine özgü kullanımlar Brit. kısaltmasıyla işaretlenmiştir.
 27. İngilizce bir sözcük veya söz öbeği hem edatsız, hem de edatla birlikte kullanılabiliyorsa, o sözcüğe veya söz öbeğine ait edatlar parantezler içinde gösterilmiştir. Sözcükle veya söz öbeğiyle birlikte kullanılması şart olan edatlar ise parantezsiz olarak yazılmıştır.
 28. Yazılışında tire bulunan bir sözcüğün satır sonunda tireli yerden bölünmesi gerektiğinde sözcüğün kendi tiresi satırın sonuna değil, alttaki satırın başına konulmuştur. Buna dayanarak, satır sonuna rastlayan double-dealer sözcüğü şu üç şekilde bölünebilir:
                   dou-           veya           double           ya da            double-deal-
              ble-dealer                         -dealer                          er.
 29. Kaba sayılan sözcükler yıldızla (*) işaretlenmiştir.
                                 Notes to the User
1.  Senses that are more frequently used precede those that are less frequently used.
2.  Commas separate synonyms.
3.  Semicolons separate equivalents or renderings that, though similar in meaning, are not synonymous.
4.  Diagonals should be read to mean “or.” For example, an idiomatic use of nutuk with either atmak or çekmek is shown as nutuk atmak/çekmek.
5.  Colons precede examples.
6.  Arabic numerals mark the beginning of senses.
7.  Explanatory material is set off in either italics or parentheses.
8.  Dashes represent headwords (i.e. words that are the subjects of main entries).
     a)  If the headword represented by a dash begins with a capital letter, that letter is usually written at the beginning of the dash; thus Adalet Bakanlığı, Büyük Millet Meclisi, Kuzey Kutbu, and Milli Güvenlik Kurulu are shown as A— Bakanlığı, B— Millet Meclisi, K— Kutbu, and M— Güvenlik Kurulu.
     b)  If the headword represented by a dash ends in an inflectional suffix, this suffix is written immediately after the dash; thus çantada keklik, gözü korkmak, iştahı açılmak, and kafası yerinde olmamak are shown as —da keklik, —ü korkmak, — ı açılmak, and —sı yerinde olmamak.
9.  Idioms, expressions, proverbs, sayings, and compounds usually written as two or more words are listed as run-on entries (i.e. entries that are run on at the end of main entries) under the word with which they begin. Thus, to find bir çırpıda or hep beraber, look under bir or hep, not çırpı or beraber.
10. The following points concerning the spelling of Turkish words should be noted:
     a)  Nouns the final letter or syllable of which is irregularly inflected are followed by an abbreviation that exemplifies this inflection for the accusative case, e.g. burun, -mu; dikkat, -ti; hat, -tti; hukuk, -ku; nevi, -v’i; rol, -lü; tabi, -ii.
     b)  The circumflex accent is used as follows:
     (1) A circumflex over an a or a u that follows a g or a k indicates that the g or k is palatalized, e.g. eşkâl, ikametgâh, Kâbe, kâğıt, karargâh, topyekûn, yegâne.
     (2) In other instances a circumflex over a vowel indicates that it is long, e.g. âdet, hâsılat, mâni, nâr, yâr.
     c)  The apostrophe is used as follows:
     (1) It is commonly used to set off proper names, acronyms, numerals, letters of an alphabet, or suffixes from grammatical endings or from the postposition lie, e.g. Ümit’ten; SEKA’ya; 2’nin; d’si; Ayşe’ye; Bu fiilin eki -di’dir; Onat’la; Müdür sınıftaki Osman’ları odasına çağırdı.
     (2) It is used to set off the pronoun o when, as a sign of respect for a great person, it is written with a capital letter, e.g. O’na, O’nun.
     (3) It can indicate a glottal stop, e.g. mer’i, nev’i, ye’se.           ,
                                                       xi
11. The following points concerning the pronunciation of Turkish words should be noted:
    a) If the pronunciation of a word is not indicated, it may be assumed that it has no long syllables and that it is slightly accented on the last syllable.
    b) Words which contain long syllables and which are accented on a syllable other than the last one have been indicated using a simple system of notation. In this system a dot (.) stands for a short syllable, a dash (—) stands for a long syllable, and an accented syllable has a small accent mark O placed above and slightly after it. Thus, the pronunciation of the word masum, the first syllable of which is long and the second syllable of which is short, is indicated as follows:
          The pronunciation of the word laterna, a word containing three short syllables the second of which is accented, is indicated as follows: (./.)•
    c) Derivatives which don’t retain the long or accented syllables of their roots have been marked so using the same system of notation.
12. The following points concerning causative and passive verbs should be noted:
    a) The causative forms of Turkish verbs that have been entered in this dictionary are often only rendered into English according to the pattern to have (someone) do (something). It should, however, be kept in mind that in the appropriate context such forms can also be translated according to any of the following patterns: to have (something) done, to let (someone) do (something), to allow (someone) to do (something), to let (something) be done, to allow (something) to be done, or to make (someone) do (something).
    b) Intransitive verbs that have been made passive are usually given the label impersonal passive. Such verbs are used with an impersonal subject such as “one,” “you,” or “people,” e.g. Oraya tek başına gidilmez. ‘One doesn’t go there alone.’
13. The following notes should clarify some points relating to the meaning and grammatical function of certain entries:
    a) An adjectival meaning is often rendered by a dependent clause immediately following a word in parentheses, e.g. nemelazımcı ‘(someone) who has an I-don’t-give-a-damn attitude.’ If the parentheses enclosing ‘someone’ are removed, nemelazımcı would then be rendered as a noun,
    i.e. ‘someone who has an I-don’t-give-a-damn attitude.’
    b) An indefinite article enclosed in parentheses indicates that the word which follows is a noun, e.g. ‘(an) octogenarian,’ the fourth sense given for seksenlik. Conversely, the lack of an indefinite article before such a word means that it is an adjective, e.g. ‘octogenarian,’ the second sense given for seksenlik.
14. Words translated using only one or several verbals that end in ‘-ing’ are usually used as nouns, e.g. engelleme ‘hindering,’ oturma ‘sitting,’ or çıkıkçılık ‘bonesetting.’
15. In some cases an indefinite article enclosed in parentheses shows that the word which follows it is used as a count noun, e.g. öğün ‘(a) meal,’ raunt ‘(a) round,’ and yiyecek ‘(a) food.’
16. Generally speaking, any Turkish word rendered only as an adjective is also capable of being used as a noun.
17. An etymologically Turkish word that is rendered only as an adjective is, in many cases, also capable of being used as an adverb, e.g. İspanyolcayı iyi konuşuyor. ‘He speaks Spanish well.’ Cesur davrandı. ‘He acted bravely.’
18. Words that end in the suffix -ci are used to denote people who are either professional or habitual doers of something (e.g. dişçi, röntgenci, beleşçi) or who are devotees of someone or something (e.g. Atatürkçü, halkçı, milliyetçi). As these words are usually used as nouns, this dictionary, in most instances, translates them only as such. They are, however, occasionally used as adjectives, e.g. temizlikçi kadm ‘cleaning woman.’
19. A boldfaced word in parentheses that appears at some point after the headword of a run-on entry is optional, e.g. the direct object (gözünü) found in kaşıkla yedirip sapıyla (gözünü) çıkartmak.
                                                    Xll
20. A boldfaced word placed in parentheses before the headword of a run-on entry is not an optional word or an alternative. For example, the word iş has been put in parentheses before the expression şaka götürmemek (listed under şaka) because the expression is always used with iş as its subject.
21. The case endings of Turkish nouns are shown as follows:
           CASE                                 ENDING                    EXAMPLE
 Accusative
  Genitive
   hi
   /ill/
 ütülemek hi (e.g. Masa örtüsünü ütüledi. She
 ironed the tablecloth.)
 hakkından gelmek İmi (e.g. Onun hakkından geleceğim. I’m going to get even with him.)
  Dative
  Locative
  Ablative
  /a/
  /da/
 /dan/
22. The postposition ile is shown as follows:
ENDING
 aykırı olmak /a/ (e.g. Bu kurallara aykırı değil.
 This isn’t against the rules.)
 yıllanmak /da/ (e.g.
 Orada yıllandı. He’s been there a long time.)
 korkmak /dan/ (e.g. Ondan kork! Be on your guard against him!)
 EXAMPLE
                                           /la/       beraber /la/ (e.g. Onunla
                                                                  beraber geldi. She came with him.)
23. As a nile, only the more frequently used derived forms of a Turkish word are listed, i.e. sütçü, başlatmak, and işsiz have been entered, but not votkacı, gıdıklatmak, or kedisiz.
24. The spellings used for Turkish words are generally those recommended in the Yeni Yazım Kılavuzu published by the Türk Dil Kurumu in 1981 and those recommended in the Yazım Kılavuzu published by the Dil Demeği in 1990.
25. The spellings used for English words are generally those recommended in Webster's Third New International Dictionary published by G. & C. Merriam Company in 1976.
26. As this dictionary is based on American usage, those usages that are peculiar to British English have been so labeled.
27. When an English word or phrase can be used either with or without a preposition, the preposition has usually been shown in parentheses. If the preposition is obligatory, it has usually not been shown in parentheses.
28. When a hyphenated word at the end of a line of type must be divided at its point of hyphenation, the hyphen, instead of being placed at the end of that line of type, is placed at the beginning of the next line of type. Thus, double-dealer, when found at the end of a line of type, might be divided either as
                  dou-            or              double             or              double-deal-
           ble-dealer                            -dealer                           er.
29. A word usually regarded as vulgar is marked with an asterisk (*).
                       Kısaltmalar/Abbreviations
abbr.     abbreviation  kısaltma                   
anat.     anatomy       anatomi                    
arch.     architecture  mimarlık                   
archaeol. archaeology   arkeoloji                  
astr.     astronomy     gökbilim                   
astrol.   astrology     astroloji                  
auto.     automotive    otomobil v.b.’ne ait       
biochem.  biochemistry  biyokimya                  
biol.     biology       biyoloji                   
bot.      botany        bitkibilim                 
Brit.     British       İngiliz İngilizcesine özgü 
chem.     chemistry     kimya                      
Christ.   Christianity  Hristiyanlık               
tin.      cinema        sinema                     
colloq.   colloquial    konuşma diline özgü        
com.      commerce      ticaret                    
comp.     computer      bilgisayar                 
dent.     dentistry     dişçilik                   
econ.     economics     ekonomi                    
elec.     electricity   elektrik                   
fin.      finance       mali işler                 
geog.     geography     coğrafya                   
geol.     geology       jeoloji                    
geom.     geometry      geometri                   
gram.     grammar       dilbilgisi                 
hist.     history       tarih                      
hort.     horticulture  bahçıvanlık                
ins.      insurance     sigorta                    
joc.      jocular       şaka yollu                 
ling.     linguistics   dilbilim                   
lit.      literature    edebiyat                   
log.      logic         mantık                     
mar.      maritime      denizcilikle ilgili        
math.     mathematics   matematik                  
mech.     mechanics     mekanik                    
med.      medical       tıbbi                      
mil.      military      askeri                     
mus.      music         müzik                      
naut.     nautical      denizcilikle ilgili        
obs.      obsolete      artık kullanılmayan        
off.      offensive     aşağılayıcı                
O.S.      oneself       kendi                      
Ott.      Ottoman       Osmanlı                    
path.     pathology     patoloji                   
Pej-      pejorative    yermeli                    
pharm.    pharmacology  eczacılık                  
phil.     philosophy    felsefe                    
phon.     phonetics     sesbilgisi                 
phot.     photography   fotoğrafçılık              
phys.     physics       fizik                      
physiol.  physiology    fizyoloji                  
poet.     poetry/poetic şiir/şiirsel               
pol.      politics      politika                   
print.    printing      matbaacılık                
prov.     provincial    taşrada kullanılan         
psych.    psychology    ruhbilim                   
rail.     railroad      demiryolu                  
xiv
s.o.                           someone
sociol.                        sociology
s-t.^                          something
surg.                          surgery
tailor.                        tailoring
tech.                          technology
text.                          textile industry
theat.                         theater
Turk.                          Turkish
TV                             television
U.S.                           American usage
vulg.                          vulgar
zool.                          zoology
biri
toplumbilim
bir şey
cerrahlık
terzilik
teknoloji
dokumacılık
tiyatro
Türk
televizyon
Amerikan İngilizcesine özgü kaba konuşmada kullanılan hayvanbilim
A
1A 1. the letter A. 2. chem. A (argon). 3. mus. A (the sixth note in the scale of C major or the key based on this note). 4. used repeatedly at the beginning of a sentence to show astonishment: A a a! Bu ne böyle? What on earth is this? 5. used at the beginning of a sentence to show affection/pleasure: A canım, söyle! What is it, honey? A ne güzel! How nice! 6. used at the beginning of a sentence to show exasperation: A dostum, beni iflasa sürükleyeceksin! Look here my friend, you’re going to reduce me to bankruptcy. 7. used to show resignation/pity: A birader, felek hiç bize güler mi? Ah brother, will fortune ever smile on us? A zavallı, ne olacak hali? Poor man, what’s going to become of him? — köse, sayılmadık kaç tel sakalın var? colloq. Come on now, who do you think you are? (said to s.o. who has a very exaggerated idea of his own importance). — vitamini vitamin A. —’dan Z’ye kadar from A to Z, completely, every single one of ...: Bu dosyadakileri A’dan Z’ye kadar biliyorum. I know what’s in this file from A to Z.
2A (—) 1.     Heavens!/What the devil ...1 (used
   to show     astonishment): A! Bu ne? What the
   devil is  this? 2. Ah, ...! (used to show af-
   fection/pleasure): A! Ne güzel! Ah, how nice! 3. Look, ...!/Look here, ...! (used to show mild anger/exasperation): A! Fazla ileri gittin artık! Look, now you’ve gone too far! A! Beni sinirlendiriyorsun artık! Look here, you’re beginning to make me angry now!
a used to reinforce the meaning of a verb: “Sen sus!” “Sustum a!” “Shut up!” “I have!”. Oyunculuğu seviyorsun a, en mühimi o! You really love acting. That’s the most important thing! Malum a! It’s well known!
AA (abbr.for Anadolu Ajansı) a wire service.
aa prov. no (a negative reply).
aah prov., see aa.
AB (abbr. for Avrupa Birliği) EU/EC (the European Union/Community).
ab (—) obs. water.
aba 1. strong coarse wool cloth. 2. cloak/coat made of this cloth, aba. 3. cloak (worn by dervishes). 4. made of coarse wool cloth. — altından değnek göstermek to show the iron hand beneath the velvet glove, speak softly but carry a big stick. — gibi coarse (cloth).
   —nın kadri yağmurda bilinir, proverb
   (The value of a coat becomes clear when it rains.) You don’t appreciate something until you need it. —sı kırk yamalı very poor, very impoverished. — yı sermek /a/ to make
   o.s. at home (in), move in on (s.o.). — terlik slippers made of coarse cloth. — vakti yaba, yaba vakti aba. proverb (Buy a pitchfork in the overcoat season and buy an overcoat in the pitchfork season.) It is good economy to buy things when they are cheap and available. — yı yakmak /a/ colloq. to fall desperately in love, be infatuated (with). —yı yaktı Fatma’nm/Fatmacığın bezine/ kızma, colloq. He has been swept off his feet by her. —sı yanık 1. man who is head over heels in love. 2. besotted (lover), abaci maker/seller of coarse wool cloth/garments. — kebeci, (ya) sen neci? colloq. Where do you come in?/What’s it to you? abacılık the business of making heavy cloth cloaks.
abad (-------) obs., see abat.
abadan (----------) obs. flourishing (area/place);
   cultivated (land); populous and thriving (area/ place).
abadanlik (— —..) obs. 1. flourishing state, tliriving condition, prosperity. 2. flourishing place; cultivated land; populous and thriving place.
abadi (-----------) Manila paper.
abajur 1. lampshade, shade. 2. floor lamp; table lamp.
abajurcu 1. maker/seller of lampshades. 2.
   maker/seller of floor/table lamps, abaküs abacus.
abalı 1. wearing a coarse homespun coat. 2. poor, wretched: Vur abalıya! Jump on him while he’s down! (a reproach). abandırmak 1. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) lean down on; to have (s.o.) lean down over; to have (one person) stand right over (another). 2. /i, a/ to have (one person) lean against (another); to have (s.o.) lean on (s.t.) hard. 3. I\l to make (an animal) kneel down. 4. /i, a/ colloq. to set (one person) on (another). 5. Ill prov. to get (s.o.) to lengthen his/her stride. 6. /i, a/ prov. to cause (one person) to sponge on (another), abandon boxing victory declared when one of the boxers gives up the fight before the match is over, abandone 1. boxing victory declared when one of the boxers gives up the fight before the
abani
2
Abhazca
    match is over. 2. sports contest that is canceled at some point after it has begun. — etmek 1. h! to cause (a boxer) to leave the ring before the match is over, cause (a boxer) to give up the fight before the match is over. 2. hi to cancel (a contest) (at some point after it has begun). 3. (for a boxer) to leave the ring before the match is over, give up the fight before the match is over. — olmak (for a boxer) to leave the ring before the match is over, give up the fight before the match is over. — yarış sports contest that is canceled at some point after it has begun.
abani (—----------) 1. a fine cotton material em-
                                                                        broidered with yellow silk, formerly used for turbans and jackets. 2. made of this cloth, abanlamak prov. 1. to stride, take long steps.
    2.    h! to measure (a distance) by pacing it off, pace it off. 3. (for a baby) to crawl, abanmak 1. /a/ to lean down on; to lean down over; to stand right over (s.o.). 2. /a/ to lean against; to lean on; to lean into; to lean against (s.t.) hard. 3. /a/ colloq. to try to overpower (s.o.) physically; to set upon, fall upon, jump (s.o.). 4. prov. to lengthen one’s stride, begin to take long steps; to stride. 5. prov. to sponge on (s.o.), live off (s.o.). abanoz ebony. — gibi (s.t.) which is as black and as hard as ebony, ebony-like. — kesilmek to become as hard and as black as ebony, become like ebony, abanozgiller bot. Ebenaceae. abartı exaggeration.
abartıcı 1. habitually exaggerating. 2. exag-gerator. abartılı exaggerated, abartılmak to be exaggerated, abartma exaggeration, overstatement, abartmacı 1. habitually exaggerating. 2. exag-gerator.
abartmacılık the habit of exaggerating, abartmak hi to exaggerate, abartmalı exaggerated, abaso (./.) naut., see abaşo, abaşo (./.) naut., used in: — babafingo lower topgallant sail, lower topgallant. — gabya lower main topsail. — velena main staysail.
    —     yakası foot (of a sail), abat (— —) obs. flourishing (area/place); cultivated (land); populous and thriving (place) (usually used with the verbs etmek/olmak). abataj mining (of ore/coal).
Abaza see Abhaz.
abazan slang 1. horny, randy, filled with lust (because he has not had sexual intercourse for a long time). 2. very hungry, famished, starving.
abazanlik slang 1. horniness, randiness, lust.
    2. great hunger.
Abbasi (.— —) hist. 1. (an) Abbasid. 2. Ab-basid, of the Abbasids.
Abbas yolcu, colloq. 1. I’m taking off and that’s
   that! 2. He’s about to die.
ABD (abbr. for Amerika Birleşik Devletleri) U.S.A. (United States of America), abd, -bdi obs., see abit.
Abdal Abdal, Abdali.
abdal 1. a rank in some dervish orders. 2. formerly begging dervish. 3. formerly dervish saint. — ata binince bey oldum sanır, şalgam aşa girince yağ oldum sanır, proverb (When a traveling beggar gets to ride a horse he feels like a prince; when a turnip is added to some stew it thinks that it is fat.) When a simple person gets undeserved honors he comes to think of them as his right. — m dostluğu köy görününceye kadar, proverb (The beggar’s friendship lasts until he can see the village.) A person who uses his friends drops them as soon as they cease to be useful. — düğünden, çocuk oyundan usanmaz, proverb A beggar never gets enough wedding feasts any more than a child gets enough of playing, —a, “Kar yağıyor,” demişler, “Titremeye hazırım/durmuşum,” demiş, proverb (They told the poor man it was snowing, and he said, “So I’ll shiver.”) The poor are resigned to hardship. — m karnı doyunca gözü pabucundadır (yolda olur), proverb (When the beggar has eaten his fill his eyes are on his shoes.) When an opportunist has gotten all he can from someone he goes on to someone else, —a malum olur, proverb (The saint has foreknowledge.) Some people are good at guessing the truth. — tekkede, hacı Mekke’de bulunur, proverb (The dervish is in his lodge and the pilgrim is in Mecca.) A person finds a place that suits his inclinations. —m yağı çok olursa gâh borusuna çalar, gâh gerisine, proverb (If a poor man gets oil he rubs it not only on his bugle but also on his bottom.) If a foolish person has money he wastes it. abdest, -ti see aptes, abdesthane (..— .) see apteshane. abdiâciz (..—.) obs. your humble servant (a polite formula). abdülleziz bot. chufa, Cyperus esculentus. abe prov. Hey!
abece 1. alphabet, alphabet book. 2. the ABC’s, abecesel alphabetical, abeci slang 1. foolish. 2. fool, idiot, dope, aberasyon aberration, deviation, abes 1. useless. 2. absurd, unreasonable. 3. nonsense, absurdity. — kaçmak to be improper.
   —le uğraşmak to busy o.s. with trifles, fool around.
Abhaz 1. (an) Abkhaz, (an) Abkhas, (an) Abkhazian, (an) Abkhasian. 2. Abkhaz, Abkhas, Abkhazian, Abkhasian, of the Abkhaz. Abhazca (./.) 1. Abkhaz, Abkhas, Abkhazian, Abkhasian, the Abkhaz language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Abkhaz, Abkhaz, Abkhas, Abkhazian, Abkhasian. 3. Abkhaz, Abkhas,
 Abhazya                                            3
   Abkhazian, Abkhasian (speech/writing); spoken in Abkhaz; written in Abkhaz.
Abhazya (./.) Abkhazia, Abkhasia. abıhayat', -ti (—...) 1. water of life, elixir. 2. colloq. liquor, raki. — içmiş healthy and young looking in spite of his/her age. abıru (—) obs. honor, pride. — dökmek to implore humbly; to entreat servilely, abi (—.) (colloq. for ağabey) older brother, âbid (—.) obs., see âbit. abid obs., see abit. abidat, -ti (—■.—) obs. monuments, abide (—..) monument, abideleşmek (—....) 1. to become a monument.
   2. to be memorialized, become sacred, become an honored symbol.
abideleştirmek (—......) III to make (s.o./s.t.) a
    lasting symbol, abidevi (—..—) obs. monumental, abis geol. abyss, abisal geol. abyssal.
Abisinya (../.) Abyssinia.
âbit (—.) obs. 1. worshiper. 2. servant; slave.
   3. (s.o.) who is a devout worshiper.
abit, -bdi 1. Islam human being, servant (of God). 2. obs. slave. — i âciz obs. your humble servant (a polite formula). abiye 1. dressy, smart (piece of wearing apparel). 2. smartly, stylishly, abiyotik abiotic.
abla (/.) 1. older sister. 2. ma’am (a respectful term of address for a woman). ablaci (/..) slang lesbian, ablak pej. 1. round, chubby (face). 2. round -faced, chubby-faced. — yüzlü round-faced, chubby-faced, ablalık (/..) role of an older sister. —■ etmek /a/ to behave as an older sister (toward), ablatif gram. 1. ablative, in the ablative case.
    2.   the ablative, the ablative case, ablatya (./.) seine.
abli naut. vang. — yi kaçırmak/bırakmak
    slang to get flustered, lose one’s cool, abluka (./.) blockade. — ya almak hi to blockade. — altında tutmak hi to blockade.
   —yı bozmak to break the blockade. — etmek hi to blockade. — kaçağı blockade runner. — yı kaldırmak to raise the blockade. —yı yarmak to run the blockade, abo (.*—) prov. Ah!/Oh! (expression of surprise/ dismay).
abone 1. subscriber. 2. holder of a season ticket.
   3. person who has contracted with a public utility for its services, user, consumer. 4. colloq. (a) regular, (a) habitue. — yi kesmek 1. to cancel a subscription. 2. to cancel a contract (with a public utility). — olmak /a/ 1. to subscribe to. 2. to have a season ticket for. 3. to contract with (a public utility) for its services. 4. colloq. to become a regular at, become a habitue of (a place). — ücreti
   1. subscription fee. 2. price of a season ticket.
   —yi yenilemek to renew one’s subscription.
                                                                                                Abuzettinbey
abonelik 1. subscription, being a subscriber. 2. subscription fee. 3. (telephone exchange) capable of handling (a given number) of numbers; (a gas/water/electric line) capable of serving (a given number) of customers: beş yüz abonelik bir telefon santralı a telephone exchange which can handle five hundred numbers. 4. (a publication) which is sold by subscription (as opposed to being sold on the open market), abonman 1. subscription. 2. season ticket. 3. contract with a public utility for its services.
   —      bileti season ticket; ticket good for a specified period. — sigortası floating insurance policy, floating policy, aborda (./.) naut. alongside. — etmek/olmak /a/ to come alongside (another ship/a pier), abosa naut. Avast! — etmek 1. hi to moor (a ship). 2. colloq. to stop, cease, leave off. abra prov. counterweight, makeweight, abrakadabra abracadabra, abrama naut. steering, piloting, abramak hi naut. to steer, pilot (a ship) (under difficult conditions), abraş prov. 1. speckled; dappled; spotted; piebald; (animal) which has a blaze. 2. mottled (leaf) (owing to chlorosis); variegated. 3. change of hue, faint dappling (in a textile) (owing to the thread’s having been unevenly dyed). 4. pale and blotchy (face); (face) disfigured by white spots. 5. speckling; dapple; piebaldness. 6. mottling, mottle (in a chlo-rotic leaf); variegation. 7. (part of a textile) which exhibits a change of hue (owing to the uneven dyeing of the threads). 8. mangy, absent, -ti see apsent, absolüsyon Christ, absolution, absorban 1. absorbent. 2. (an) absorbent, absorbe used in: — etmek hi to absorb, absorplayıcı 1. absorbent. 2. (an) absorbent, absorplayıcılık absorbency. absorpsiyon phys. absorption, abstraksiyonizm abstractionism, abstrakt/me arts, see abstre, abstre abstract (as opposed to concrete). — bilimler the pure sciences. — sayı math. abstract number, absürd absurd.
abu (.—) prov. Ah!/Oh! (expression of surprise/ dismay).
abuhava (—..—) obs. climate, weather, abuk sabuk (./ ..) colloq. 1. nonsensical, incoherent. 2. (to talk) incoherently, without making sense. — konuşmak to talk nonsense, abuli abulia.
                                                                   abullabut (./..) colloq. stupid, rude, coarse, abur cubur (./ ..) 1. food eaten in casual snacks. 2. haphazard, confused, incoherent (speech). 3.\ordinary, commonplace (person), abus frowning, scowling, glowering (person/ face).
abuse etmek slang to stop, come to a halt. Abuzettinbey slang dandy.
acaba
4
acaba (/..) I wonder .../I wonder whether .../ Do you think ...? A—! colloq. Is that so? acaib (.—.) see acaip.
acaibiseb’a (.— ....) obs. the Seven Wonders (of the World).
acaibiseb’aiâlem (.—.......—.) obs. the Seven
   Wonders of the World, acaip (.—.) 1. strange things, wonders. 2. strange, peculiar, queer, curious, odd. A—! colloq. How strange!/How odd! — i seb’a obs. the Seven Wonders (of the World). —i seb’a-i âlem obs. the Seven Wonders of the World.
acar 1. bold, fearless; hardy. 2. clever, cunning.
    3.    prov. new. acayib (.—.) see acayip, acayip (.—.) 1. strange, peculiar, queer, curious, odd. 2. strange things, wonders. A—! colloq. How strange!/How odd! — ine gitmek /in/ to seem strange (to one). — olmak 1. to be odd. 2. to become odd. —i seb’a obs. the Seven Wonders (of the World). — i seb’a-i âlem obs. the Seven Wonders of the World, acayipleşmek (.—...) to become strange, acayiplik (.—..) strangeness, peculiarity, queerness, oddness, acelacayip (...— .) colloq. exceedingly strange, weird.
acele 1. hurry, haste, undue haste. 2. urgent. 3. hurried, hasty (action). 4. in a hurry, hastily; urgently. — acele in a hurry, —ye boğmak hi to do (s.t.) hastily and carelessly. — etmek to be in a hurry, —ye gelememek (for s.o.) to refuse to do something hastily, —ye gelmek (for a job) to be done hastily and carelessly, —ye getirmek 111 1. to do (s.t.) quickly (in order to deceive s.o.). 2. to do (s.t.) hastily and carelessly. — ile in a hurry, hastily. — ile menzil alınmaz, proverb A day’s journey can’t be covered in haste. — işe şeytan karışır, proverb (The devil mixes in hasty work.) Haste makes waste, —si yok. colloq. There is no hurry about it. — yürüyen yolda kalır, proverb (A person who walks fast is left on the road.) Too much haste spoils a job. aceleci impetuous, always in a hurry, acelecilik the habit of hurrying, hastiness, aceleleştirmek /i/ to hurry (s.t.). acelesiz unhurried, slow.
Acem (a word to be avoided as it is resented by Iranians) 1. (an) Iranian, (a) Persian. 2. Persian, pertaining to Iran, the Persians, or the Persian language. 3. Iran, Persia. — halısı Persian carpet. — kılıcı a two-edged sword. — kılıcı gibi two-faced, double -dealing. — kılıcı gibi iki tarafı/taraflı kesmek to treat two opposing parties equally. — külahı a Persian black lambskin cap. acem classical Turk. mus. a scale based on C. acemaşiran (...— .) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
acemborusu, -nu (./...) bot. trumpet vine, trum-
   pet creeper, Campsis radicans. acembuselik (..— ..) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
Açeıiıce (./.) 1. Persian, the Persian language.
   2.    (speaking/writing) in Persian, Persian. 3. Persian (speech/writing); spoken in Persian; written in Persian, acemi 1. inexperienced, unskilled. 2. beginner, novice, tyro. 3. one who does not have knowledge/experience (of s.t.). — çaylak colloq. clumsy person, awkward person. — er raw recruit. — katır kapı önünde yük indirir, proverb (An untrained mule will dump his load in front of the house.) An irresponsible helper will abandon you at the worst possible moment. — öğretmeye vaktim yok. colloq. I have no time to argue with fools.
acemice (../.) clumsily, awkwardly, ineptly, acemileşmek to make careless mistakes, blunder.
acemilik lack of experience, awkwardness, clumsiness. — çekmek to suffer from inexperience. — etmek to make a careless mistake, blunder, acemioğlan (../..) a Christian conscript boy selected and brought up to join the Janissaries. Acemistan obs. Persia.
acemkürdi (...—) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
acemlalesi, -ni (./—..) bot. California poppy, Eschscholtzia. acenta (./.) see acente, acentahk (./..) see acentelik, acente (./.) 1. (a) mercantile agency, agency: sigorta acentesi insurance agency, seyahat acentesi travel agency. 2. mercantile agent, agent, factor, broker, head of a mercantile agency.
acentelik (./..) 1. law agency, the relationship between a principal and an agent. 2. agency, the business of an agent, acep (/.) colloq. I wonder .... aceze obs. the destitute, the needy, the helpless. *aci 1. bitter (to the taste). 2. hot, peppery (to the taste). 3. rancid (butter); sour (wine). 4. bitter, penetrating (cold/wind). 5. poignant, very moving, sad. 6. caustic, hurtful, acerb, acerbic, biting (words). 7. harsh, severe (action). 8. painful, very disagreeable/difficult: acı bir hatıra a painful memory, acı bir tecrübe a painful experience. 9. (a color) of a somewhat glaring shade, that is almost garish. — acı 1. poignantly, very movingly.
   2.  (aching) painfully. 3. harshly, bitterly, caustically. — bal intoxicating honey (made from certain flowers). — dil harsh/biting words; reproach. — gelmek /a/ to hurt, distress. — kahve cöffe6 made without sugar.
   —   kuvvet brute force. — kuvvetli very strong. — patlıcanı kırağı çalmaz, pro verb (The bitter eggplant does not get frostbitten.) A worthless person does not suffer hard-
5
acımak
   ship. — son tragic end; tragic ending. — söz insanı/adamı dininden çıkarır, (tatlı söz/dil yılanı ininden/deliğinden çıkarır).
   proverb Harsh words just arouse a person’s wrath (but sweet words will charm a snake out of its hole). — su water which has a bitter taste (owing to the presence of minerals). — tatlı 1. bittersweet, (s.t.) which is a mixture of pain and pleasure: Acı tatlı birçok hatıramız var. We’ve a lot of memories, good and bad. 2. whatever (food): Acı tatlı ne varsa paylaşırız. We’ll share whatever food there is.
2acı 1. pain, ache. 2. bitterness, sharpness. 3. grief, sorrow (at s.o.’s death): Allah bu acıyı unutturmasın! May God spare you more grief! 4. mental pain^ anguish, suffering, sorrow. — acıyı keser/bastırır, su sancıyı. proverb (One bitter thing drives out another, as water relieves an ache.) The way to solve a difficult problem is to take heroic measures.
   —smi almak /in/ 1. to take the hot/bitter/ biting taste out of (a food). 2. to stop the pain in (a wound/hurt). 3. to assuage, soothe (a sorrow). — smı bağrına basmak (içine gömmek) to hide one’s distress/sorrow. — çekmek/duymak to suffer (physically/mentally). —sini çekmek Iml to pay the penalty of, pay for, suffer for. — sim çıkarmak /m/
   1. to take away the hot/bitter/biting taste of (a food). 2. to make up for, compensate for.
   3.     to make (s.o.) suffer for, make (s.o.) pay for (a wrong), —sı çıkmak Iml to suffer the consequences of, suffer for, pay for (an action) (at a given time): Bunun acısı er geç çıkar. Sooner or later you’ll have to suffer for this, —sim görmek Iml to suffer the death of (s.o. one loves), —sı içine/yüreğine çökmek/işlemek Iml 1. to feel acutely the (mental) pain of (s.t.). 2. to be tormented by (a possibility). — katmak/koymak /a/ to add a peppery seasoning to (a food). — yi tatmayan tatlıyı anlayamaz, proverb Until a person has suffered he/she doesn’t understand happiness, —sı tepesine çıkmak to suffer acutely (physically/mentally). — yitimi analgesia, acıağaç (./..) bot. quassia, Quassia amara. acıbadem (./—.) 1. bot. bitter almond, Amyg-dalus communis amara. 2. slang tricky, shrewd, cunning; hard-boiled. — kurabiyesi macaroon, almond cookie, acibakla (./..) bot. lupine, Lupinus. acibalik (./..) zool. bitterling, Rhodeus amarus. acıca somewhat bitter.
acıçiğdem (./..) bot. meadow saffron, Colchi-cum autumnale. acıdaş fellow sufferer.
acielma (.r\.) bot. colocynth, bitter apple, Cit-rullus colocynthis. acihiyar (./..) bot., see acielma. acık 1. bitterness. 2. mourning, acikavun (./..) bot. squirting cucumber, Ec-
   ballium elaterium. acıkılmak impersonal passive to feel hungry, acıklı 1. touching, pathetic, sad, tragic. 2. mourning, grieving. — başta akıl olmaz. proverb When a person is in trouble he/she can’t think straight, acıkmak to feel hungry. Acıkan doymam (sanır), susayan kanmam sanır, proverb A hungry person thinks he/she will never have enough to eat and a thirsty person can’t imagine having enough to drink. Acıkmış kudurmuştan beterdir, proverb (It is worse to starve quietly than to froth at the mouth.) When someone has been deprived of something too long, he/she goes crazy when he/ she gets it. Acıkan ne olsa yer, acıyan ne olsa söyler. (Acıkan ne yemez, acıyan ne demez.) proverb Just as a starving person will eat anything, a person who is suffering will say anything, acıktırmak III to make (s.o.) hungry, acılandırmak hi 1. to make (s.t.) bitter, embitter. 2. to make (s.t.) hot (to the taste), make (s.t.) peppery. 3. to make (butter) rancid; to sour (wine). 4. to cause (s.o.) to grieve.
acılanmak 1. to grieve. 2. see acılaşmak, acılaşmak 1. to go bitter, develop a bitter taste.
   2. to get a bitter taste (in one’s mouth): Ağzı acılandı. She got a bitter taste in her mouth. 3. (for butter) to become rancid; (for wine) to go sour. 4. (for a cry/a sound) to become poignant. 5. (for words) to become caustic.
acılaştırmak hi 1. to make (s.t.) bitter, embitter. 2. to make (s.t.) hot (to the taste), make (s.t.) peppery. 3. to make (butter) rancid; to sour (wine). 4. to cause (a color) to become rather glaring. 5. to cause (a cry/a sound) to become poignant. 6. to cause (words) to become caustic, acılatmak III 1. to make (s.t.) bitter, embitter.
   2. to make (s.t.) hot (to the taste), make (s.t.) peppery. 3. to make (butter) rancid; to sour (wine). 4. to cause (a color) to become rather glaring.
acılı 1. (food) to which something bitter has been added, bitter. 2. (food) to which something peppery has been added, hot, peppery.
   3. (s.o.) who is mourning; grief-stricken; mournful. 4. mournfully.
acılık 1. bitterness, bitter taste. 2. hotness, pep-periness (in the taste of s.t.). 3. rancidness (of butter); sourness (of wine). 4. bitterness, penetrating nature (of cold/wind). 5. poignancy; pain; sadness. 6. causticity, hurtfulness, acerbity, bitingness (of words). 7. harshness, severity (of an action). 8. painfulness, extreme disagreeableness. 9. rather glaring nature (of a color), acıma 1. pity, compassion. 2. ache, aching, painfulness.
acımak 1. to hurt, give pain, feel sore, ache.
acımalık
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   2.     /a/ to pity, feel compassion for. 3. /a/ to be unable to give up (s.t.); to feel sorrow for (the loss/waste of s.t.), regret. 4. (for butter/oil) to become bitter, turn rancid. Acıyan uyumuş, acıkan uyumamış, proverb The person in pain can sleep, but not the hungry person, acımalık alms.
acimarul (./..) bot. endive, Cichorium endivia. acımasız merciless, acımasızca (.../.) mercilessly, acımasızlık mercilessness, acımık bot. darnel, chess, cockle, ryegrass, Lol-ium temulentum. acımış rancid, acımsı somewhat bitter, acımtırak see acımsı, acınacak pitiable, deplorable; miserable, acınası miserable, wretched, acındırmak h, a/ to arouse (s.o.’s) compassion (for), make (s.o.) sorry (for), arouse (s.o.’s) pity (for). Acmdırırsan arsız olur, acıktırır-san hırsız olur, proverb If you make others sorry for a person he/she becomes impudent and if you starve him/her he/she turns into a thief.
açınılmak /a/ impersonal passive to feel sorry for.
acın kabadayısı, -m slang a penniless but generous person, acınmak /a/ 1. to feel sorrow for, pity. 2. impersonal passive to pity, aciot, -tu (./.) bot. black bryony, Tamus communis. acırak somewhat bitter, acırga (..'.) bot. horseradish, Armoracia lapathi-folia.
acısız 1. painless. 2. lacking in peppery seasoning, not hot, mild. 3. (s.t.) that is free of worries, carefree, acıtıcı hurtful, wounding, acıtmak h! 1. to hurt, cause (s.o.) pain. 2. to give (s.t.) a bitter taste, embitter. 3. to give (s.t.) a peppery taste, make (s.t.) hot. acıyavşan (./..) prov., bot. (a) germander, Teu-crium polium. acıyıcı compassionate.
aciyonca (./..) bot. buckbean, bogbean, Meny-anthes trifoliata. acibe (.—.) obs. strange thing, curiosity, acil (—.) 1. urgent. 2. swift, quick. — durum emergency. — servis emergency room (in a hospital). — şifalar dilemek /a/ to wish (s.o.) a speedy recovery (from an illness/an injury). — vaka emergency, acilen (—'..) without delay, hastily; urgently, acitato (..—'.) mus. agitato, aciyo (/..) see acyo, aciyotâj (.../) see acyotaj. âciz (—.) 1. unable, incapable. 2. helpless, weak, powerless; destitute. — leri archaic your humble servant. — bırakmak /ı/ to leave (s.o.) helpless/powerless to do s.t. —
   kalmak /dan/ to find o.s. unable (to do s.t.). aciz, -czi 1. inability. 2. weakness, helplessness.
   3.     law insolvency, âcizane (—.— .) humbly, modestly, unworthily, acul, -lü (.—) impetuous, always in a hurry, acun cosmos, universe, acunbilim (./..) cosmology, acunbilimsel (./...) cosmological, acundoğum (./..) cosmogony, acunsal cosmic.
*acur bot. gherkin, Cucumis anguria.
2acur colloq., see ajur, acurlu colloq., see ajurlu, acuze (.—.) spiteful hag; shrew, vixen, acyo (/.) fin. agio; premium, acyocu (/..) fin., pej. stockjobber, acyoculuk (/...) fin., pej. stockjobbing, acyotaj (../) fin. agiotage, aç, -çı 1. hungry. 2. greedy, covetous, insatiable.
   3.  hungry person. 4. hunger. — açma on an empty stomach. — aç ile yatınca arada dilenci doğar, proverb If both father and mother are penniless the child will be a beggar. — açık hungry and homeless. — açık kalmak to be hungry and homeless, be utterly destitute. — aman bilmez, çocuk zaman bilmez, proverb A hungry person is unrelenting just as a child persists in unseasonable demands. — anansa/a tansa da kaç. proverb Even if the hungry person is your mother avoid her. — aslandan tok domuz yeğdir, proverb (A pig with a full stomach is better than a hungry lion.) It is not enough to be of a prominent family. A common person who makes money is more important.
   —   at yol almaz, aç it av almaz, proverb (An underfed horse can’t travel, and a hungry dog won’t fetch game.) An underpaid person will not work well. — ayı oynamaz. proverb (A hungry bear won’t dance.) If you want a person to work well, feed him/her first. — bırakma hırsız edersin, çok söyleme arsız/yüzsüz edersin, proverb Don’t leave a person hungry or you will turn him/ her into a thief. Don’t scold him/her all the time or he/she will get to be impudent. — bırakmak h/ to starve (s.o.), let (s.o.) go hungry. — biilaç/çıplak altogether destitute. Aca dokuz yorgan örtmüşler, yine uyuyamamış. proverb (They covered the hungry person with nine blankets and still he/ she couldn’t sleep.) 1. If a person is hungry he/she can’t sleep, no matter how comfortable he/she is otherwise. 2. If a person has a specific need he/she will only be comfortable if that need is met. — domuz darıdan çıkmaz, proverb (You can’t drive a hungry pig out of the cornfield.) If a crude person feels a need he/she will take whatever he/she wants without worrying about the damage he/she causes. — doymam, tok acıkmam sanır, proverb (A hungry person thinks he/she will never have
enough, a satisfied person that he/she will never be hungry.) A person can’t imagine that his/her state may change. — doyurmak to feed the poor. — durmak to be without food. — elini kora sokar, proverb (A hungry person will reach into the coals.) A hungry person will risk anything for food. — esner, âşık gerinir, proverb (A hungry person yawns; a lover stretches.) A person’s involuntary movements betray his/her state of being. — gezmektense tok ölmek yeğdir. proverb It is better to die satisfied than to live in want. — m gözü ekmek teknesinde olur, proverb A hungry person will have his/her eyes on the bread tray. — ile dost olayım diyen peşin karnını doyursun. proverb One who wants to make friends with a hungry person should first eat a good meal. — ile eceli gelen söyleşir, prov-erb A person who strikes up a conversation with a starving person risks his/her own life. — m imanı olmaz, proverb A person who is desperate with hunger has no moral restraints. — kalmak 1. to be left hungry.
2. to be poor. — karnma on an empty stomach, while hungry. — m karnı doyar, gözü doymaz, proverb (The stomach of a hungry person can be filled, but not his/her eyes.)
1. Once a person has been hungry he/she won’t stop when he/she is full. 2. A covetous person is never satisfied. Acından kimse ölmemiş, proverb (Nobody ever died of hunger.) There is always some way to get along. — m koynunda ekmek durmaz/eğleşmez. proverb (A hungry person can’t carry bread under his/her shirt.) A poor person will spend any money he/she gets with no thought for the future. — köpek fırın/fırını/ firm damı/fırın duvarı deler/yıkar, proverb (A hungry dog will break through the wall of a bakery.) A person can do impossible things if he/she is starving. — m kursağına çörek dayanmaz, proverb (A cookie doesn’t last in the craw of a hungry person.) When a person is really poor he/she will always be in need. — kurt aslana saldırır. proverb (A hungry wolf will attack a lion.) Hunger makes a person desperate.
—  kurt gibi hungry as a wolf. — kurt gibi saldırmak /a/ to attack (a meal) like a ravenous wolf; to seize voraciously. — kurt yavrusunu yer. proverb A hungry wolf will eat its own cub. acından ölmek 1. to starve to death. 2. to be dying of hunger.
3. to be very poor. — ölmez, gözü kararır; susuz ölmez, benzi sararır, proverb (A hungry person doesn’t die; he/she gets dizzy. A person doesn’t die of thirst; he/she gets pale.) Poverty does not kill you, but it grinds you down. — susuz without food or water. — susuz kalmak to be poverty -stricken, be destitute. — tavuk (düşünde) kendini arpa/buğday/darı ambarında
                                                                                                                 açık
   sanır/görür, proverb (A hungry hen imagines herself in a grain bin.) People who have nothing dream of riches to come, —in uykusu gelmez, proverb A hungry person can’t sleep. —, yanından kaç. proverb He/ She is hungry, so avoid him/her. — yanında sarpın kurcalanmaz, proverb Don’t play with the bread bowl when a hungry person is present, açacak 1. any tool used for opening things, opener. 2. key. 3. pencil sharpener, açalya (./.) bot. azalea, Rhododendron. açan 1. opener. 2. anat. extensor, tensor, açar 1. key. 2. hors d’oeuvre, appetizer, açelya (./.) bot., see açalya. açgözlü (/..) greedy, insatiable, covetous, açgözlülük (/...) greed. — etmek to act greed-ily.
                                                                     açı 1. angle. 2. point of view. — çekimi cin.
   angle shot. — uzaklığı astr. visual angle, açıcı customs inspector. — kas anat. extensor muscle.
açık 1. open. 2. unobstructed, free. 3. uncovered; naked, bare, exposed. 4. empty, clear, unoccupied. 5. spaced far apart, separated. 6. open for business, open. 7. clear, easy to understand; not in cipher. 8. not secret, in the open. 9. light (shade of color). 10. fortunate, promising. 11. obscene; suggestive.
   12. open, defenseless, unprotected (city). 13. not roofed; not enclosed. 14. clear, cloudless, fine. 15. the open. 16. vacancy, job opening. 17. deficit, shortage. 18. excess of expense over income. 19. distance, space between. 20. outskirts; nearby place. 21. soccer wing, winger, player in a wing position. 22. open sea. 23. frank, open. 24. frankly, openly. — mda/—larmda naut. off ..., offshore. — ta 1. outdoors, in the open air. 2. obvious, apparent. 3. naut. in the offing, offshore. 4. unemployed. — açık openly, frankly, —tan açığa openly. — adım big step, wide step. — ağız aç kalmaz. proverb (The open mouth does not stay hungry.) 1. A person who can speak up will find a way to get along. 2. While there is life a person can find a way to get along.
   —   ağızlı stupid, dim-witted, idiotic, moronic. — almla with a clear conscience, —a almak /ı/ to lay off (a government employee) temporarily. — arazi mil. exposed terrain, unprotected terrain, open country.
   —   artırma sale by public auction. — atardamar yolu anat. patent ductus arteriosus.
   —   ateş mil. direct fire. — ta bırakmak /ı/ 1. to leave (s.t.) outdoors. 2. to leave out, exclude (s.o. from a privilege). 3. to leave (s.o.) without a home/a job. — bono vermek /a/ 1. com. to give (s.o.) a blank check. 2. to give (s.o.) carte blanche, give (s.o.) freedom of action or complete control. — boyalı hypochromic. — boyalı kansızlık path, hypochromic anemia, —mı bul-
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mak to find something amiss. — celse law public hearing. — ciro blank endorsement, general endorsement. — çek signed blank check, —a çıkarılmak to be dismissed from work, be fired, —a çıkarmak /ı/ 1. to fire (a government employee). 2. to bring (a matter) out into the open, —a çıkmak 1. to be fired. 2. to become known, come out.
—i çıkmak 1. (for one’s accounts) to show a shortage. 2. (for the inventory of property for which one is responsible) to show a shortage. — deniz 1. law high seas. 2. the open sea. — devre elec. open circuit, interrupted circuit. — dolaşım sistemi zool. open circulatory system. — durmak to stand aside, not to interfere. — duruşma law public hearing, —ta eğlenmek to wait offshore without anchoring. — eksiltme public bidding for a contract. — elbise (a) revealing dress; (a) decollete dress. — elli4 open -handed, generous. — ellilik open:handed-ness, generosity. — fikirli broad-minded, enlightened, liberal-minded. — gel! slang 1. Stay clear! 2. Come on, out with it! — gelmek slang to stay away, not to come near.
—   giyinmek to wear revealing clothes; to wear decollete dresses: — hava 1. open air, outdoor; fresh air. 2. clear weather. — hava sineması open-air movie theater, open-air cinema. — hava tiyatrosu open-air theater.
—   hava toplantısı public protest meeting.
—   hece gram, open syllable. — imza signature on blank paper. — işletme 1. opencut mining, open-pit mining, Brit, opencast mining. 2. opencut mine, Brit, opencast mine.
—   kaba it değer/siyer, proverb (Every dog touches an open pan.) When private matters are made public there is trouble. — ta kalmak to have lost one’s home/job, Brit, be up a gum tree. — kalp ameliyatı open-heart surgery. — kalpli open-hearted, candid. — ı kapatmak to meet the deficit. — kapı open door. — kapı bırakmak /a/ to leave (s.o.) with some room for choice, leave (s.o.) with some leeway, not to tie (s.o.’s) hands. — kapı politikası open-door policy. — kart vermek7a/ to give (s.o.) carte blanche. — konuşmak to be frank, talk frankly. — kredi open credit, blank credit. — liman 1. port unprotected from storms. 2. port without excessive formalities. 3. mil. unprotected port:. —lar livası colloq. the unemployed. — maaşı half pay (while an employee is temporarily suspended). — mektup 1. open letter. 2. unsealed letter. — mevzi mil. exposed position, —"olmak /a/ 1. to be accessible (to). 2. to be receptive (to). — ta olmak see açıkta kalmak. — ordugâh bivouac, temporary encampment. — oturum panel discussion. — oy open vote. — oylama open voting. — öğretim education modeled after that of an open university. — önerme log. sentential function, propositional function.
                                                                                                       açıktan
   —mı örtmek to cover up one’s fraud. — pazar open market. — poliçe certificate of indebtedness issued before all the details are settled. — saçık 1. off-color, risque; bawdy. 2. indecent, immodest (clothing). 3. bawdily, lewdly. 4. (dressing) indecently, immodestly. — saçık yaym pornography. — seçik 1. definitely, clearly. 2. definite, clear.
   —   sekilik bleachers. — söylemek to speak openly. — şehir mil. open city. — taşıt open vehicle. — teşekkür public acknowledgment of thanks. — üniversite open university. — vagon rail, flatcar. — vermek 1. to have a deficit/shortage. 2. to lay o.s. open to criticism. —a vurmak 1. /ı/ to bring (a matter) out into the open, reveal, disclose. 2. (for a situation) to become apparent/evident/clear, —mı yakalamak Iml to uncover (s.o.’s) fraud. — yan mil. exposed flank. — yara open sore, open wound. — yaraya tuz ekilmez. proverb One should not rub salt in an open wound. — yer vacancy. — yürekle candidly, frankly.
açıkça (./.) frankly, clearly, openly, plainly, açıkçası (./..) in plain words, in short, frankly speaking, açıkçı bear, short seller, açıkgöz (../) shrewd and alert, canny (when it comes to promoting his/her own interests), açıkgözlük (.../) shrewdness, canniness (in promoting his/her own interests). — etmek to be quick to take advantage of an opportunity.
açıkgözlülük (....') see açıkgözlük.
açıklama 1. explanation, statement. 2. disclosure. 3. commentary. — yapmak (—da bulunmak) to make a statement, açıklamak hi 1. to explain, clarify. 2. to disclose, make public, reveal. 3. to comment on.
açıklanmak to be explained, be announced, be disclosed, açıklaştırmak hi to lighten (a color), açıklayıcı explanatory.
açıklık 1. openness. 2. opening, gap. 3. space, open space, blank space. 4. aperture. 5. not being covered. 6. not being enclosed. 7. being without a roof. 8. clearness, cloudlessness. 9. lightness (shade of a color). 10. indecency. 11. clarity, unambiguity. 12. distinctness (in articulation). 13. astr. azimuth.
   —   getirmek/kazandırmak /a/ to throw/ shed light on (a matter).
                                                                  açıklıkölçer (../..) apertometer, device for measuring the aperture of the objective lens of a microscope, açıksözlü (./..) frank, outspoken, açıksözlülük (./...) frankness, outspokenness, açıktan 1. (getting s.t.) without working for it, for nothing. 2. (promoting s.o., assigning s:o. to a position) over people who are both older and of a higher rank than himself/ herself. 3. (money) gained with no work. —
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   açığa openly, publicly, without any attempt at secrecy. — gitmek naut. (for a ship) to sail at a great distance from the land. — (para) kazanmak to get money without working for it.
açıktohumlular (./....) bot. Gymnospermae. açıkyürekli (./...) candid, frank, açıkyüreklilik (./....) candor, frankness, açılama cin. shooting a scene from several angles.
açılım 1. expansion, opening out. 2. astr. declination.
açılış 1. opening, being opened. 2. opening (ceremony). — bilançosu opening balance. — töreni opening ceremony, açılma 1. being opened, opening. 2. cin. fade -in. 3. bot. dehiscence. 4. sports extended formation.
açılmak 1. to be opened; to open. 2. to come open, open of its own accord. 3. /a/ to open out (as a window) into (a garden). 4. (for darkness/sleep) to vanish. 5. to be cleaned.
   6.  (for weather) to clear. 7. to clear up, bfe refreshed; to recover. 8. to relax, be at ease.
   9.  /a/ to confide (in), share a secret (with).
   10. to become more spacious, open up. 11.
   /a/ to put out (to sea). 12. /dan/ to come up (in conversation). 13. (for a job/post) to open up. 14. to be extravagant, overspend.
   15. to dehisce, açılır kapanır collapsible, folding, açılıp saçılmak 1. (for a woman) to start to wear revealing clothes, start to dress immodestly. 2. (for a woman) to become dissolute, get tarty. 3. to spend money lavishly. Açılan solar, ağlayan güler, proverb The flower that opens will fade; the person who is weeping will laugh.
açım 1. revelation, divine inspiration. 2. surg. incision.
açımlama 1. commentary, commenting. 2. paraphrase, paraphrasis, açımlamak /ı/ 1. to comment (on). 2. to paraphrase.
açımlı surg. performed with an incision. — doğurtma surg. cesarean section, açındırma geom., biol. development, açındırmak /ı/ geom., biol. to develop, açınım geom., biol. development, açmlama revelation, inspiration, açınma 1. development. 2. admission, confession.
açınmak 1. to develop. 2. to admit, confess, açınsama exploration, açmsamak III to explore, açıortay (./..) geom. bisector. — düzlemi bisecting plane, açıölçer (./..) protractor, açısal angular. — çap astr. inclination of the orbit. — hız angular velocity. — ivme angular acceleration. — yol apparent angular velocity.
açış 1. opening, <*ct of opening. 2. way of opening. — konuşması opening speech.
                                                                                                        açmaz
açıt, -ti opening (for a door/window), açkı 1. burnishing. 2. smith’s tool for widening a hole. 3. key. 4. opener. — makinesi burnishing machine, açkıcı 1. burnisher, one who burnishes. 2. key maker, açkılamak hi to burnish, açlık 1. hunger. 2. starvation; famine. 3. poverty. — çekmek to be hungry; to be poor, —tan göbeğine taş bağlamak to be hungry and in a hopeless state, —tan gözü/gözleri kararmak/dönmek to be very hungry, be starving, be famished. — grevi hunger strike.
   —      ile tokluğun arası yarım yufka (bir dilim/lokma ekmek), proverb It only takes a little bread to make the difference between hunger and satisfaction, —tan imam gevremek to be very hungry, be famished, —tan köpük kusmak to be dying of hunger, —tan nefesi kokmak to be half-starved, —tan ölmek to die of hunger, starve, —tan ölmeyecek kadar enough to stave off starvation, very little, açma 1. opening; opening (s.t.) up. 2. (a) clearing. 3. a savory bun. açmak 1. Ill to ope». 2. Ill to open up, cut through (and make a door/window in a wall). 3. hi to construct and open (a road).
   4.  hi to clear away, break through (an obstruction) and open. 5. /i/'to draw aside, lift, drop (a veil/a covering). 6. Ill to clear (land), break up (ground). 7. hi to uncover. 8. hi to open out, spread out, unfold. 9. hi to set, spread (a sail); to unfurl (a flag). 10. hi to roll out (dough). 11. hi tq untie, undo (a knot). 12. hi to unlock; to unbar, unlatch.
   13. hi to turn on, switch on. 14. Ill to widen (an interval, the space between). 15. Ill to explain more fully. 16. hi to begin, open (war/a meeting/a conversation). 17. hi to disclose. 18. hi to lighten (a color or the general effect of a room). 19. hi to suit, go well with (a person); to lighten (a person’s complexion). 20. hi to sharpen (a pencil).
   21.    hi to whet, sharpen (one’s appetite). 22. Ill to relieve, free (s.o.) from embarrassment/shyness. 23. (for a flower/a leaf) to open. 24. (for weather) to clear up, become good. 25. slang to go away, clear out. 26. hi slang to appeal (to). Açtı ağzını, yumdu gözünü, colloq. (He/She opened his/her mouth and shut his/her eyes.) He/She lost his/her temper and hollered ./He/She flew off the handle. Aç gözünü, açarlar gözünü. proverb (Open your eyes or others will open them for you.) Be careful or you will suffer for it. Açma sırrını dostuna, (dostunun dostu vardır) o da söyler dostuna, proverb Don’t tell your secret to your friend or he/ she will tell his/her friend, açmalık detergent; soap; cleanser, açmaz 1. chess, checkers difficult position. 2. dilemma, impasse,'difficult matter. 3. line
açmazlık
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adaklı
   delivered by a straight man as a setup for a joke. 4. slang trick, —a düşmek to get into an impossible situation, —a düşürmek hi slang, see açmaza getirmek, —p gelmek slang to be duped, —a getirmek /ş/ slang to fool, deceive. — oynamak slang to pull a fast one (in a game). — yapmak s/ang 1. to invite criticism. 2. to play a trick, açmazlık 1. difficulty} 2. secretiveness.
Açores see Azor Adaları, açtırmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) open (s.t.). Açtırma kutuyu, söyletme kötüyi|. proverb (Don’t let the box be opened or you’ll let them say bad things.) Don’t bring up the subject or you will hear unpleasant truths.
*ad 1. name. 2. first name. 3. gram.- noun. 4. reputation, fame, name, repute, —ma Iml in the name of. —mı ağzına almamak /m/ never to speak (s.o.’s) name, never to mention (s.o.’s) name. — almak 1. to become famous; to get a reputation. 2. to choose a name for o.s. —mı almak to takç for o.s. the name ..., take the name ...: Ersin adını aldı. He took the name Ersin. — ı anılan see adı geçen. — ı anılmamak Iml to be completely forgotten. — ını anmak Iml to mention. —mı (bile) anmamak Iml to avoid mentioning (one’s) name. — mı bağışlamak to tell one’s name (when asked): Adınızı bağışlar mısınız? May I know your name, please? — ı batasi/batasica damn. — ı batmak to be\ forgotten, not to be mentioned anymore. — ı belirsiz unknown, of obscure origin, —i bile okunmamak to be insignificant, be without influence. — çekimi grim. the suffixing of possessive endings to nouns.
   —    çekmek to draw lots. —mı ...a çıkarmak to present o.s. as .... — ı çıkmak to be talked about, get a bad reputation. — ı ...a çıkmak /in/ to become known as get a reputation as a ...: Adı obura çıktı. He’s gotten a reputation for being a glutton. —ı çıkmış dokuza, inmez sekize, colloq. (His/ Her reputation went up to nine and won’t go down to eight.) His/Her bad reputation is not going to change. — ı deliye çıkmak to get the reputation of being crazy. — durumu gram. case. — ı duyulmak to become prominent. — ı geçen previously mentioned, —i geçmek 1. Iml for s.o.’s name to be mentioned. 2. /m, a/ for s.o.’s name to become a part of. —ı gezmek Iml 1. for s.q. to be well known. 2. for s.o. to be a force to be reckoned with. —ı gibi bilmek hi to know (s.t.) like the back of one’s hand. — ina gölge düşürmek to besmirch one’s name, tarnish one’s reputation. — gövdesi gram. nominal stem. —ı kale alınmamak Iml for s.o. to be forgotten, for s.o. not to be spoken of anymore. — ı kalmak 1. to be remembered after one is dead. 1. to be remembered after it has gone. — ı karışmak lal to be rumored to be involve^ in (some doubt-
   ful affair). — kazanmak to make a name for o.s. —mı kirletmek Iml see adını lekelemek. — koymak fal to give (s.o./s.t.) a name, name, —mı koymak Iml colloq. to put a price on, decide how much one will pay for (s.t.). — kökü gram, nominal root, —i kötüye çıkmak to get a bad reputation, —mı lekelemek Iml to besmirch (s.o.’s) name, tarnish (s.o.’s) reputation. — ı okunmamak (okunmaz olmak) Iml for s.o. to be completely forgotten. — ı olmak to get an undeserved reputation. — ı sam (one’s) identity: Adı sam belli olmayanları içeri sokma! Don’t let in anyone if you’re not sure who they are! —iyla sanıyla (calling s.o.) by his/her full appellation: Ona adıyla sanıyla Şeker Ahmet Paşa derlerdi. His full appellation was “Sugar” Ahmet Paşa. —ı sanı belirsiz of doubtful reputation, —ma sunmak /ı, m/ to dedicate (s.t.) to (s.o.). — takmak /a/ to nickname. — tamlaması gram, two adjacent related nouns, as possessor-possessed or modifier-modified, —mı taşımak Iml to be the bearer of (s.o.’s) name; to be responsible for upholding the honor of (s.o.’s) name. — tümcesi gram. sentence with a copulative verb, —dan türeme ad gram, noun formed from a noun, —i üstünde true to his/her/its name: Adi üstünde melek gibiydi. True to her name she was like an angel. — ı var 1. existing only in name, imaginary. 2. famous. — verilmek to be named. — ı verilmek to be given the name of, be named after. — vermek 1. lal to give (s.o./s.t.) a name, name. 2. to reveal the name (of the person who did it), —mı vermek Iml 1. to tell on (s.o.), inform on (s.o.). 2. to give the name of (the person who sent you). — yapmak to become famous, make a name for o.s.; to get a reputation.
                                                                   2ad, -ddi being regarded, regarding, deeming, ada 1. island. 2. city block. A—lar the Princes’ Islands (near Istanbul). A—lar Denizi obs. the Aegean Sea. — gibi very large (ship).
   —      yavrusu a fishing boat with two or three pairs of oars, adabalığı, -ni (./...) zool. sperm whale, cachalot, Physeter catodon. adabımuaşeret, -ti (— —..—..) obs. the rules of good manners, etiquette.
adabiumumiye (---------..----.) obs., law public
                                                   morals, adacık islet.
adacyo (./.) mus. adagio, adaçayı, -nı (./..) 1. bot. garden sage, sage, Salvia officinalis. 2. sage tea. 3. sage leaves, adadiyoz slang tough, swaggering, adak 1. vow. 2. votive offering. — adamak to vow to make an offering. — taşı altar, adaklanmak to become engaged (to be married).
adaklı 1. fiance; fiancee; betrothed. 2\ (s.o.)
 adaklık                                             11
    who has taken a vow to do something, adaklık 1. (animal) to be sacrificed. 2. place of sacrifice, adale muscle.
adaleli muscular, brawny, muscled, adalesiz muscleless.
adalet, -ti (.—.) 1. justice. 2. the courts. 3. equity. A— Bakanı the Minister of Justice.
   A— Bakanlığı the Ministry of Justice. — dağıtmak to administer justice. A— Divanı the International Court of Justice, World Court. — göstermek to act justly, show justice. —ten kaçmak to be a fugitive from justice. — komisyonu a committee of five judges appointed by the Ministry of Justice.
   —   sarayı courthouse. — e teslim etmek /ı/ to bring (s.o.) to justice. — e teslim olmak to submit o.s. to justice.
adaletli (.— ..) just, equitable, adaletsiz (.— ..) unjust, inequitable, adaletsizlik (.— ...) injustice, inequity.
Adalı 1. (a) resident of one of the Princes’ Islands (near Istanbul). 2. obs. (a) resident of one of the Aegean islands, Aegean islander, adalı islander, adali (..—) muscular.
adam 1. man. 2. human being. 3. person, individual. 4. a good person. 5. employee; servant; retainer; helper. 6. agent, representative. 7. follower, supporter, man. 8. one, a person. 9. prov. husband, man. A—ım! colloq. My friend! — adamı bir kere/defa aldatir/smar. proverb A person can fool somebody once. — adama defans sports, see adam adama savunma. — adama (gene, her zaman) gerek olur, (iki serçeden börek olur), proverb A person needs another person, just as it takes two sparrows to make a pie. — adamdan korkmaz, utanır (hatır sayar), proverb A man isn’t afraid of another man, but in his presence he feels shame. — adamdır, olmasa da pulu; eşek eşektir, olmasa da çulu (atlastan çulu). proverb Just as a donkey is a donkey even if it has no saddlecloth, so a man is a man even if he has no money. — adama savunma sports man-to-man defense. — adamın şeytanı, proverb Man iscman’s tempter. — adama yük olmaz. (Adam adama yük değil, can gövdeye mülk değil.) proverb A caller won’t stay forever, any more than one’s soul will be with one’s body forever, —in adı çıkacağına cam çıksın, proverb A man should lose his life rather than his reputation. — ahbabından bellidir, proverb A man is known by his friends. — m alacası içinde, hayvanın alacası dışında. proverb A man’s temperament is within him, but an animal’s is visible to everyone.
   —   almamak (for streets) to be very crowded with people, be teeming with people. — azmanı enormously large person. — başına apiece, each, for each person. — beğenme-
                                                                                                      adam
mek to be overcritical of people, —a benzemek to look presentable; to look like somebody; to look like something. — boyu the height of a man. — mı bulmak Iml to find the right person to do (a job), —a çevirmek h! to put (s.t.) in good repair/shape, —a dayanma ölür, ağaca dayanma kurur. proverb (Don’t rely on a man: he may die; don’t lean on a tree: it may dry up.) It is bes't to be self-reliant. — değil, cudam! colloq. He’s as worthless as they come. — değilim! colloq. (If I don’t carry out this threat) I’ll be damned, —a dönmek see adama benzemek, —ma düşmek (for a job) to come the way of someone who is really suited to do it. — eti ağırdır, proverb, see İnsan eti ağırdır. — eti yemek to gossip about people. — etmek hi 1. to be the making of (s.o.); to mature, make a man/a woman of. 2. to put (s.t.) in good repair, rejuvenate. 3. to set (a place/an organization) to rights, put (a place/an organization) on its feet; to make (a place/an organization) into something, make (a place/an organization) thrive. — evladı a person of good family and upbringing. — gibi 1. properly, suitably, in the right way. 2. worthy, genuine, real.
—ma göre (adapting one’s approach) to suit the individual. — içine çıkmak/karışmak to mix with people. — istemek (for a project/ for s.o.) to require a good man, need a person who’s really worth his salt. — iş başında belli olur, proverb, see Adamın iyisi iş başında belli olur, —m iyisi alışverişte belli olur, proverb The quality of a person comes out when he goes shopping. — m iyisi iş başında belli olur, proverb The true worth of a person comes out when he is working.
—  kaldırmak to kidnap someone, abduct someone. — kıtlığı shortage of qualified and capable people. — kıymetini adam bilir. proverb It takes a man to know a man. — m kötüsü/fenası olmaz, meğer züğürt ola. proverb, see İnsanın kötüsü/fenası olmaz, meğer ki züğürt ola/parası olmaya. — kullanmak 1. to know how to use someone for one’s own benefit. 2. to know how to get someone to work, know how to get work out of someone, know how to work someone. — olacak çocuk bokundan/bakışından belli olur, proverb (You can tell what kind of man a child will be by the appearance of his feces.) You can always spot the kid who’s going to be somebody. — olana bir söz yeter, proverb Most people don’t need to be told to do something a jillion times. — olmak 1. to grow up and become a responsible member of society. 2. (for s.t. in disrepair) to be given a new lease on life, be put in good repair. — ı olmak Iml 1. to be very good at, be highly skilled in (a job).
2. to be the right person for (a job). 3. to be (s.o.’s) man, be one of (s.o.’s) men, be in
adamak
 12
addetmek
    the employ t)f; to be a retainer of. 4. to be someone whom one can rely on, be someone whom one can trust. — oluncaya kadar dokuz fırın ekmek ister, colloq. (It will take nine bakeries of bread to make a man of him.) 1. It takes a long time for a person to mature into a useful member of society. 2. It’ll be a long time before he becomes a useful member of society. — öldürmek to murder someone, commit murder. — sağmak to trick a man out of his money, milk people.
    —      sarrafı a good judge of people, —dan saymak /ı/ to give consideration to (s.o.), not to disregard. — seçmek to show favor, play favorites, not to give a fair chance to everyone. — sen de! colloq. Don’t worry!/ Take it easy!/Never mind! — sırasına geçmek/girmek to win a place of respect and responsibility. — vurmak to commit murder. —m yere bakanından, suyun sessiz/ yavaş akanından kork, proverb Just as you mistrust water that flows weakly , you should beware of a man who won’t look at you. — yerine koymak h! to treat (s.o.) decently, be kind and respectful to (s.o.). — yokluğu see adam kıtlığı. — yükü ağırdır, proverb, see İnsan eti ağırdır, adamak /ı, a/ 1. to devote, vow, make a conditional vow. 2. to dedicate (o.s.) to. Ada bana, adayım sana, proverb Help me and I’ll help you. Adamak kolay, ödemek güçtür. proverb It’s easy to promise but hard to deliver. Adamakla mal tükenmez, proverb (Promising does not reduce the goods-on hand.) It costs nothing to make a promise, adamakıllı (./...) thoroughly, fully, adamca (./.) 1. as a human being should, in the right way, properly. 2. numerically, in numbers: Onlar adamca sizden fazla değil. They aren’t numerically greater than you.
    3.     as for human beings, as for people: Adamca kayıp çoktu. There was great loss of human life, adamcağız 1. little man. 2. poor fellow, adamcasına (./...) as a human being should, in the right way, properly, adamcık little man, guy. adamcıl 1. tame (animal). 2. very shy, reclusive (person). 3. wild, not tame (animal). 4. man -eating (animal); vicious, savage (animal), adamcilaym as a human being should, in the right way, properly, adamkökü, -nü (./..) bot. mandrake, Man-dr agora officinarum. adamlık 1. humaneness; humanness, humanity.
    2.     (s.t.) worthy of a human being, befitting a human being. — sende/bende kalsm. colloq. 1. You are going to have to do it anyway, so do it now willingly and it will be to your credit. 2. He has treated you badly, but anyhow treat him well, adamotu, -nu (./..) bot. mandrake, Mandrag-ora officinarum.
adamsendeci (../..) 1. person who neglects his/her work/duty because he/she doesn’t give a damn about anything. 2. (s.o.) who neglects his/her work/duty because he/she doesn’t give a damn about anything, adamsendecilik (../...) neglecting one’s work/ responsibility because one doesn’t give a damn about anything.
'adamsi like an island.
2adamsi like a real man. adamsız 1. (s.o.) who is without help, who is without a servant; (s.o.) who is without servants; (s.o.) who is without workers. 2. prov. husbandless. adamsızlık 1. lack of help, lack of servants; lack of workers. 2. lack of qualified people, lack of qualified personnel, adanılmak /a/ see adanmak, adanmak /a/ to be pledged/dedicated (to), adap (— .) 1. regular customs and observances, rules of good manners. 2. accepted ways, —a aykırı contrary to rules of socially acceptable behavior. — erkân customary observances/practices . adaptasyon 1. adaptation. 2. (an) adaptation, composition which is an adaptation, adapte 1. /dan/ (a composition) which is an adaptation of (another). 2. (an) adaptation, composition which is an adaptation. — etmek /ı, a/ 1. to adapt (one composition) for (a particular medium). 2. to adapt (one thing) to fit (another), alter (one thing) to fit (another). 3. to adapt (s.o.) to (s.t.). — olmak /a/ to become adapted to. — yapıt (an) adaptation, adaptör adapter.
adasoğanı, -m (./...) bot. squill, sea onion, Ur-ginea maritima. adaş namesake.
adatavşanı, -ni (./...) zool. European rabbit, cony, Oryctolagus cuniculus. adatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) make a vow (to), adavet, -ti (.—.) obs. enmity, hostility, aday candidate, nominee. — adayı candidate for nomination. — göstermek 1. to present candidates. 2. /i/ to present (s.o.) as a candidate. — olmak /a/ to become a candidate (for). — yoklaması primary election, adaylık candidacy, being a candidate, —mi koymak to run for office. — süresi probationary period, adbilim (/..) onomastics, onomatology, adcı 1. (a) nominalist. 2. nominalistic. adcılık nominalism, adçekimi, -ni (/...) see adçekme, adçekme (/..) 1. drawing of lots. 2. drawing straws.
adçekmek (/..) 1. to draw lots. 2. to draw straws.
addedilmek (/..:) to be counted as ..., be deemed.
addeğişimi, -ni (/....) figure of speech, trope, addetmek (/..) /i/ to count (s.o./s.t. as be-
addolunmak
 13
adliye
    ing ...), deem, esteem, addolunmak (/...) see addedilmek.
Âdem (—.) Adam. — evladı humankind, adem obs. 1. nonexistence, nothingness; death.
   2. lack, absence. — i iktidar impotence. — i merkeziyet usulü decentralization. — i tecavüz nonaggression.
Âdembaba (—/..) slang 1. bedraggled tramp.
   2. prisoner who is completely penniless. 3. trampish-looking tourist. 4. drug addict.
Âdemcilik (—...) a Russian literary movement in reaction to symbolism, âdemelması, -m (—/...) Adam’s apple, âdemiyet, -ti (—...) obs. 1. humanness, humanity, being human. 2. humanity, humaneness, compassion, âdemoğlu, -nu (—/..) 1. person. 2. mankind, man; men, people, âdemotu, -nu (—/..) bot. mandrake, Mandrag-ora officinarum.
Aden (/.) 1. Aden. 2. Eden, the Garden of Eden.
adenit, -ti path, adenitis, adenoid med. adenoidal, adenoid. — vejetasyon path, pharyngeal tonsil, tonsil, adenoid, adenom path, adenoma, adese obs. 1. lens. 2. lenticel. adesif phys. I. (an) adhesive. 2. adhesive, âdet, -ti (—.) 1. custom, usage, practice. 2. habit. 3. period, menstrual period. — çıkarmak to innovate something, start a new custom. — edinmek/etmek III to get into the habit (öf). — görmek to have one’s period, menstruate, —ten kesilmek to reach menopause. — olmak to become customary. — üzere according to custom. — yerini bulsun diye for the sake of custom, adet 1. number. 2. unit: on adet kitap ten books.
âdeta (—.—) 1. virtually, all but „., as good as; as it were; a veritable ...: Âdeta evet demişti. He had all but assented. Saçları âdeta bir yele idi. Her hair was a veritable mane. 2. (a horse’s going) at a walk. 3. (a horse’s) walk, walking gait. 4. obs. as usual: Çayım âdeta olsun! Make my tea as usual!
    —     ile (a horse’s going) at a walk, adetçe (./.) in number.
adezyon phys. adhesion, âdhesif phys., see adesif. adhezyon phys., see adezyon. adıl gram, pronoun.
adım 1. step (in walking). 2. pace, length of one stride (measure). 3. step (in carrying out a plan). 4. the clearance between two meshing gears. — lar mı açmak to walk faster. — adım 1. step by step. 2. completely, all over.
   3. a little at a time; slowly. — adım gezmek hi to cover thoroughly (in walking). — atmak 1. to take a step. 2. to make progress.
   —  atmamak /a/ not to visit, not to step inside. —mı attırmamak /a/ to keep (one) from going out. — başı/başmda/başıııa
   frequently; at frequent intervals; at close intervals, —mı denk almak/atmak to act with care, —mı geri almak to withdraw from an enterprise. — larmi seyrekleştirmek to slow down one’s pace (in walking), —larmı sıklaştırmak to quicken one’s steps. — ını tek almak see adımını denk almak. — uydurmak /a/ to fall in with, follow the example (of), adımlamak hi 1. to pace. 2. to pace (a place) off, measure (a place) by pacing it off. adımlık (an area) which is (a specified number) of paces in length: On adımlık boyu var. It’s ten paces long, adımölçer (./..) pedometer, adimsayar (./..) see adımölçer. adi (— —) 1. devoid of nobility of character, common, mean, low-minded, vulgar; ignoble. 2. of inferior quality, inferior. 3. customary, habitual, usual, ordinary, everyday.
   —   adım not in cadence, without keeping step. — alacaklar unsecured accounts due.
   —   çek ordinary check, Brit, uncrossed check. — gün weekday, working day. — iflas nonfraudulent bankruptcy. — kesir math, common fraction, vulgar fraction. — mektup letter sent by first-class mail. — suç ordinary crime (without political overtones). — şirket unincorporated company.
adil (—.) just, dealing justly, adilane (—.— .) 1. justly, equitably. 2. equitable (act).
adileşmek (--------..) 1. to become common, be-
   come vulgar. 2. to decline in quality adilik (— —.) commonness, inferior quality, adisyon bill, check, tab (in a restaurant/hotel), adlandırma 1. naming. 2. classification, categorization. 3. nomenclature, adlandırmak hi 1. to name. 2. to call, rate, classify.
adlanmak 1. to be named. 2. to get a bad reputation.
adlaşmak to be used as a noun, adlı 1. called by, named: Elif adlı bir kız a girl named Elif. 2. famous, celebrated. — adı ile by its right name. — sanlı famed, celebrated.
adlik nomenclature. — dizgesi system of nomenclature.
adli (.—) judicial, juridical. — amir president of a court-martial. — hata legal error. — karar judicial decision, (a) judgment. — muamele judicial proceeding. — sicil record of previous convictions. — subay provost marshal, prosecuting officer. — takibat prosecution. — tatil period when the courts are closed. — tebligat communication sent by a court. — tip forensic medicine, medical jurisprudence. — yıl court year, adliye 1. courthouse. 2. court system. 3. the activities of the courts. — encümeni a committee of five judges appointed by the Ministry of Justice. A— Vekâleti formerly the
adliyeci
 14
 afiyet
    Ministry of Justice, adliyeci specialist in judicial affairs, adrenalin adrenaline.
adres address. — bırakmak to leave one’s address. — defteri address book, —ini değiştirmek 7m/ slang to bump (s.o.) off, kill.
   —   sahibi addressee. — vermek to give one’s address.
Adriya (./.) used in: — Denizi the Adriatic Sea.
Adriyatik 1. Adriatic, of the Adriatic. 2. the Adriatic. — Denizi the Adriatic Sea. adsız 1. nameless. 2. unknown, undistinguished. 3. hist, (young warrior) left without a family name because he was separated from his clan, adsizparmak (..'..) ring finger, adsorban chem. 1. (an) adsorbent. 2. adsorbent, adsorbe chem., used in: — etmek hi to adsorb, adsorpsiyon chem. adsorption, aerobik 1. aerobics. 2. aerobic, pertaining to aerobics.
aerodinamik 1. aerodynamics. 2. aerodynamic, aerosol, -1Ü aerosol.
AET (abbr.for Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu)
                                                                      EEC (the European Economic Community), af, -ffı 1. forgiveness; pardon. 2. exemption.
   3.  dismissal, discharge. — buyurun! Pardon me!/Excuse me! — dilemek /dan/ to apologize to, beg (s.o.’s) pardon, —mı dilemek /dan, m/ to ask (s.o.) to relieve (one) of (a job); to ask (s.o.) to exempt (one) from (a job); to ask to be relieved of or exempted from (a job): Müdür beyden affını diledi. She has asked the principal to exempt her. —ma iltica etmek /m/ see affına sığınmak, —mı istemek /dan, m/ to ask (s.o.) to relieve (one) of (a job); to ask (s.o.) to exempt (one) from (a job); to ask to be relieved of or exempted from (a job): Veznedarlıktan affını istedi. He asked tc be relieved of the treasurership. — kapsamına girmek to fall within the purview of a pardon, be affected by a pardon. — ma sığınmak Iml to trust that (s.o.) will pardon one (a polite formula), —a uğramak to be pardoned.
afacan 1. bright and naughty (child). 2. impish child.
afacanlaşmak to get naughty, afacanlık impishness, afak, -ki (— —) obs. horizons, skylines, afakan see hafakan.
afaki (— — —) 1. random (conversation). 2. obs., phil. objective.
afakileştirmek (-------- — ...) hi obs., phil. to
    objectivize.
afakilik (---------.) 1. randomness (in the topics
    of a conversation). 2. obs., phil. objectivity.
afakiyet, -ti (----..) obs., phil. objectivism.
afal afal (./ ..) colloq. with a bewildered expression. — bakmak to stare stupidly, afallamak colloq. to be bewildered, be dumb-
   founded, be taken aback, afallaşmak see afallamak, afallaştırmak hi see afallatmak, afallatmak hi colloq. to astonish, bewilder, confuse, afaroz see aforoz, afat, -tı (—.) obs. calamities, afatlamak (—...) colloq. to curse a blue streak, afazi aphasia.
aferin (—'..) formerly a certificate of commendation (given to a student). A—! colloq. Bravo!/Well done! — almak to be commended for one’s performance at school. — budalası colloq. person who constantly seeks to win the praise of others, aferist, -ti swindler, trickster, afet, -ti (—.) 1. calamity, disaster, catastrophe.
   2.    colloq. a raving beauty. 3. tissue damage caused by a disease. 4. (s.o.) who will lead one to catastrophe. 5. colloq. ravishingly beautiful (woman), afetzede (—...) victim of a disaster, affedilmek (/...) to be pardoned, be forgiven, affetmek (/..) 1. hi to forgive (an act). 2. hi to excuse (s.o.). 3. hi to pardon (a convict). 4. Ill to excuse, give leave. 5. /i, dan/ to dismiss, discharge (s.o.) from (his/her job or a duty). Affedersiniz. I beg your pardon ./Excuse me ./I’m sorry. Affetmişsin sen onu! colloq. Excuse me but you are wrong! Affetmişsiniz .... colloq. Excuse me but you are wrong.: Affetmişsiniz, öyle bir şey demedim. Excuse me but I didn’t say that, affetmez incurable (disease), affettuoso (...—'.) mus. affettuoso, affeylemek (/...) hi to excuse, pardon, forgive, affiumumi (...— —) obs., law general pardon, affolunmak (/...) to be pardoned, be forgiven, affolunmaz unpardonable, inexcusable.
Afgan (/.) 1. (an) Afghan. 2. Afghan, of the Afghans. — tazısı Afghan hound, Afghan. Afganca (./.) 1. Afghan, Afghani, Pashto, Pushtu. 2. (speaking/writing) in Afghan, Afghan. 3. Afghan (speech/writing); spoken in Afghan; written in Afghan.
Afganistan 1. Afghanistan. 2. Afghan, Afghanistan, of Afghanistan.
Afganli (/..) 1. (an) Afghan. 2. Afghan (person), afi slang pretension, ostentation, swagger. — kesmek/satmak/yapmak slang to give o.s. airs, swagger, show off. afif (.—) obs. chaste, uncorrupted, afili slang swaggering, ostentatious, showy, afiş 1. poster, placard, bill. 2. slang trick, deceit, trickery. — te kalmak (for a play) to have a long run. — yutmak slang to bite, be fooled.
afişe used in: — etmek hi to expose, reveal; to advertise. — fiyat price at which a product is advertised for sale, advertised price, afiyet, -ti (—..) health. —le (eating/drinking) with real pleasure: O çardağın altında yemeklerimizi afiyetle yerdik. We really en-
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 15
 ağa
    joyed the meals we had under that arbor.
    —te in good health. — bulmak to regain one’s health, get well. — te bulunmak to be in good health. — (şeker) olsun. 1 hope you enjoy(ed) it (said to a person who is eating! drinking). afoni aphonia, aforizm aphorism, aforizma (../.) see aforizm, aforoz 1. excommunication, anathema. 2. slang driving away, banishment. — etmek hi 1. to excommunicate. 2. slang to freeze (s.o.) out of one’s social group, aforozlamak hi 1. to excommunicate. 2. slang to freeze (s.o.) out of one’s social group, aforozlu excommunicated, aforozname (...—.) slang walking papers, afortiori (...—'.) a fortiori, all the more, afra tafra (./ ..) pompously, afralı tafralı (../ ...) pompous.
Afrika (./.) 1. Africa. 2. African, of Africa, afrikadomuzu, -nu (./....) zool. wart hog, Phacochoerus aethiopicus.
Afrikalı (./..) 1. (an) African. 2. African (person).
afrikamenekşesi, -ni (./....) bot. African violet,
    Saintpaulia. afrodisyak see afrodizyak. afrodizyak 1. (an) aphrodisiac. 2. aphrodisiac, aphrodisiacal. afsun charm, spell, enchantment, afsuncu sorcerer, enchanter, conjurer, afsunculuk sorcery, enchantment, afsunlamak lif to bewitch, enchant, afsunlu bewitched, enchanted.
Afşar name of a Turkoman tribe in Anatolia and Iran, aft, -ti path, aphtha, aptha. aftos slang sweetheart, mistress, aftospiyos slang 1. worthless, unimportant. 2. And who are you? — iki tavuk bir horoz! Hocus-pocus! afur tafur (./ ..) colloq. pompously, —a gelmemek to resent pomposity, afyon opium. — u başına vurmak to go into a frenzy of rage, blow one’s top. — çekmek to smoke opium. — unu patlatmak Iml slang
    1.    to put an end to (s.o.’s) pleasure, spoil (s.o.’s) happy mood. 2. to get rid of (one’s) loginess. — ruhu laudanum. — yutmak to take opium, afyonkeş opium addict, afyonkeşlik opium addiction, afyonlamak hi 1. to narcotize (s.o.) with opium, opiate. 2. to lead astray by subtle suggestions, afyonlanmak 1. to be narcotized with opium, be opiated. 2. to be led astray, afyonlu 1. opiated; (drug) which contains opium, opiate. 2. (s.o.) who has taken opium.
    3.    (s.o.) who is as lazy and lethargic as a user of opium, agâh (— —) obs., used in: — etmek hi to make (s.o.) aware of, inform. — olmak /a
    or dan/ to become aware of. aganta (./.) naut. Hold on!/Avast! — burina burinata! Haul out the bowlines! — etmek hi to hold fast, haul taut. — iskota! All sheets aft! — prasya burina braces and bowlines, agaragar agar-agar, agar, agat, -ti geol. agate, agave bot. agave, Agave. agel the wool band that holds a kaffiyeh on the head, agliitinin agglutinin, agnosi agnosia.
agnostik 1. (an) agnostic. 2. agnostic, agnos-tical.
agnostisizm agnosticism.
Agop used in: — ’un kazı gibi bakmak to gaze stupidly. —’un kazı gibi yutmak (for a gullible person) to be deceived, swallow something hook, line, and sinker, agora (./.) agora, agorafobi (./...) agoraphobia, agraf 1. tailor, hook and eye (used as a fastener for clothing). 2. agrafe, agraffe; cramp; clamp, agrafi agraphia.
agrandise phot., used in: — etmek hi to enlarge (a photograph), agrandisman phot. 1. enlargement, enlarging (a photograph). 2. (an) enlargement, ea-larged photograph. — mı yapmak Iml to enlarge (a photograph), agrandisör phot, enlarger, agrega aggregate, agregat, -ti see agrega. agreje teacher/professor who has passed a qualifying examination, agreman diplomacy agrement. — istemek to ask that agreation be carried out (for a diplomatic representative), agu (.—) gurgle, gurgling sound (of a baby).
    —     bebek big baby (used jocularly I sarcastically of s.o. who behaves like a baby). agucuk (.—.) 1. a baby that has not yet been weaned from its mother’s milk, suckling. 2. gurgle, gurgling sound, agulamak (.— ..) (for a baby) to gurgle, make gurgling sounds, aguş (— —) obs. embrace, arms, aguti (./.) zool. agouti, agouty, Dasyprocta. ağ 1. net. 2. crotch (of trousers). 3. diffraction grating. 4. network. — atmak/birakmak to cast a net. —ı çekmek to draw the net.
    —ma düşürmek hi to trap, entrap. — iğnesi netting needle. — örmek to make a net. — yatak hammock, ağa 1. lord, master. 2. local big landowner, aga, agha. 3. Mister (used in addressing an illiterate person). 4. elder brother. 5. hist. person in charge, chief (of an organization), -nm alın terlemezse ırgadm burnu kanamaz, proverb (If the farmer doesn’t sweat the field worker won’t get a nose-
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    bleed.) If the boss does not participate his workers will be halfhearted. — borç eder, uşak harç, proverb (The boss borrows money, but his man spends money.) Even if a man is short of money his servant doesn’t care enough to save. — 11m gözü ata tımardır. proverb (If the aga watches his horse it gets good grooming.) If the owner of a business cares about details his workers do a good job. —nm gözü öküzü/ineği semiz eder, pro verb (The aga’s eyes fatten his ox.) If an owner takes good care of his business or a parent takes good care of his child things go well. — nm gözü, yiğidin sözü. proverb It is important for an aga to be alert and for a young man to be faithful to his word, —sı güçlü olanın kulu asi olur. proverb (The slave of a forceful owner is a rebel.) 1. An employee rebels against arbitrary administration. 2. A person with a powerful backer defies the public. — kapısı the office of the aga of the Janissaries. —nm malı çıkar, uşağın cam. proverb (The aga loses money; his servant loses his life.) 1. The owner’s wealth increases, but at the expense of the servant’s work. 2. In time of trouble the owner contributes money and the servant contributes his labor.
ağababa (./..) 1. grandfather; oldest man in the family. 2. father (used by a child if his father has the title of aga). 3. man whose word carries a lot of weight.
ağabey older brother (also used in addressing a respected man a little older than the speaker).
ağabeylik state of being an older brother. — etmek /a/ to act as an older brother (toward).
ağaç 1. tree. 2. wood, timber. 3. wooden. 4. post; pole. — balı the sweet resin of certain fruit trees, —a balta vurmuşlar, “Sapı bedenimden,” demiş, proverb (They struck at the tree with an ax; the tree said: “The handle is made from my body.”) A blow is most painful when it is delivered by one’s own child or by someone one has protected, —a çıkan keçinin dala bakan (ağaca çıkan) oğlağı olur, proverb (A goat that climbs a tree has a kid that eyes its branches.) Like father like son. —a çıksa pabucu yerde kalmaz, colloq. (If he/she should climb a tree, his/her shoes wouldn’t stay on the ground.) He/She will have no trouble doing what he/she wants. — çivi treenail, wooden peg. —a dayanma kurur/çürür, adama/ insana dayanma ölür, proverb Don’t lean on a tree: it will dry up; and don’t count on a man: he will die. — ebegümeci bot. tree mallow, Lavatera. — hamuru wood pulp.
   —   işi woodwork. — kabuğu bark. — kaplama wooden wainscoting. — kökünden yıkılır. proverb (A tree is felled at its roots.) When something goes bad it is not because
   of details but because something fundamental is wrong. — kömürü wood charcoal, charcoal. — kurdu a wood-boring maggot.
   —m kurdu içinde olur, proverb (The maggots of a tree are inside it.) The influences that destroy a society work from within, —i kurt, insanı dert yer. proverb A person is destroyed by trouble just as a tree is killed by maggots, —tan maşa olmaz, proverb (You can’t make tongs of wood.) It does not work to use an unqualified person for a task. —, meyvesi olunca başım aşağı salar. proverb (When a tree bears fruit it bends over.) People who are really valuable are not haughty. — ne kadar uzasa göğe ermez. proverb (No matter how tall a tree grows it never reaches the sky.) Nobody keeps improving his/her position forever. — olmak slang to stand and wait a long time. — oyma wood carving. — taze iken eğilir, proverb, see Ağaç yaş iken eğilir. — yaprağıyla gürler/güzeldir, proverb (A tree is at its best when it has leaves.) A person thrives best if he/she has his/her family and friends around him/her. — yaş iken eğilir, proverb (Bend the twig while it is green.) Train a child while his/her mind is pliant, ağaçbiti, -ni (./..) zool. jumping plant louse, ağaççık shrub, ağaççılık forestry.
ağaççileği, -ni (./...) bot. raspberry, Rubus idaeus.
ağaç fulü, -nü (./..) bot. mock orange, Philadelphia.
ağaçkakan zool. woodpecker, Picus. ağaçkavunu, -nu (./...) bot. citron, Citrus medica.
ağaçkesen zool. sawfly, Hylotoma. ağaçkurbağası, -nı (./....) zool. tree frog, tree toad, Hylus. ağaçlalesi, -ni (./—..) bot. tulip tree, tulip poplar, Liriodendron tulipifera. ağaçlamak /ı/ to afforest, forest; to plant trees in.
ağaçlandırma afforestation, ağaçlandırmak hi to afforest, forest; to plant trees in.
ağaçlanmak to become forested; to be planted with trees.
ağaçlı (place) which contains trees; wooded, ağaçlık 1. grove; coppice, copse; group of trees, clump of trees. 2. wooded (place), ağaçminesi, -ni (./...) bot. lantana, Lantana. ağaçsansarı, -ni (./...) zool. tree marten, pine marten, Martes martes. ağaçsı 1. treelike, shrubby. 2. related to trees, arborous.
ağaçsıl 1. related to trees. 2. made up of trees.
   3.    botanically related to trees, ağalanmak to play the aga, become proud and assuming, lord it over people, ağalık 1. being *in aga. 2. generosity, bigheartedness, munificence. 3. gentlemanliness. —
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   etmek to be generous, be bighearted. — vermekle, yiğitlik vurmakla/vurmakladır.
   proverb To establish yourself as a gentleman you have to be generous. To prove yourself a hero you have to be violent, ağan astr. a shooting star, meteor, ağanlar ancestors, forefathers, ağarık (s.t.) which is going white, graying: Şakakları ağarık. He’s gone gray at the temples.
ağarmak 1. (for hair) to turn white/gray, gray.
   2. (for a patch of sky/a horizon) to grow light, pale (at dawn). 3. (for soiled white laundry) to come out white (after being washed). Ağaran baş, ağlayan göz gizlenmez. proverb You can’t hide tears or white hair.
ağartı 1. whiteness, paleness (in a patch of sky/ in a horizon/at dawn). 2. prov. dairy products, milk products, ağartmak III 1. to cause (hair) to turn white/ gray. 2. to cause (a patch of sky/a horizon) to grow light (at dawn). 3. to cause (soiled white laundry) to come out white (in the course of a wash), ağbenek (/..) a fungus disease of barley, ağda 1. lemon and sugar syrup or grape molasses after it has been boiled to a taffy-like consistency. 2. epilating wax, epilator. — kıvamı taffy-like state to which lemon and sugar syrup or grape molasses is brought by boiling. — yapıştırmak /a/ to apply epilating wax to. — yapmak 1. to make ağda. 2. to use epilating wax; /a/ to apply epilating wax to.
ağdacı 1. maker of ağda. 2. person who for a fee will use ağda to remove unwanted bodily hair.
ağdalanmak 1. (for a substance) to. reach a taffy-like consistency. 2. (for s.o ./s.t.) to get soiled/smeared/daubed with ağda, ağdalaşmak (for a substance) to reach a taffy -like consistency, ağdalı 1. (s.t.) which is taffy-like in consistency; very thick. 2. ornate and involuted (style of writing); pompous, bombastic (word). 3. viscous, ağdırmak /ı/ prov. 1. to boil (a liquid) down, thicken (a liquid) by boiling it down. 2. to lift up, raise up, elevate. 3. to cause (s.t.) to hang down.
ağı poison, venom. — gibi 1. very bitter. 2.
   very strong, ağıağacı, -ni (./...) bot. oleander, Nerium oleander. ağıkeser (./..) antivenin. ağıl 1. sheepfold. 2. halo. 3. halation, —da oğlak doğsa ovada otu biter, proverb (If a kid is born in the fold some grass will sprout in the pasture.) God provides for all his creatures, ağılamak /ı/ to poison, ağılanım toxication, poisoning.
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ağılı poisonous, venomous, ağılıböcek (../..) zool. ground beetle, Carabus. ağıllamak /ı/ to herd (animals) into a fold/an enclosure.
ağıllanmak 1. (for animals) to gather into a tight group, press close together in a group, huddle. 2. (for animals) to be herded into a fold/ an enclosure. 3. (for the moon) to become ringed with a halo, be haloed, ağım instep.
ağımlı high in the instep, ağınmak (for an animal) to roll on the ground, ağıotu, -nu (./..) bot. hemlock, poison hemlock, Conium maculatum. ağır 1. heavy; mil. heavy. 2. heavy, difficult (work). 3. serious, difficult (problem). 4. serious, grave (illness/wound). 5. stuffy, oppressive; smelly. 6. cutting, hurtful, offensive. 7. slow; ponderous. 8. slowly; ponderously. 9. thick, viscous. 10. valuable, precious. 11. indigestible, rich, heavy (food).
    —  adam 1. man who acts slowly. 2. man who is slow to respond, lazy man. 3. serious-minded man. — ağır 1. slowly. 2. (to weigh) at the very most. — aksak very slowly and irregularly. — almak III to proceed slowly (with), —dan almak hi not to show any interest in, appear uninterested in, appear reluctant to do (s.t.). — basar, yeğni kalkar, proverb (What is heavy presses down, but what is light rises.) 1. People respect a serious person but not someone who is flighty. 2. When a serious person carries out good plans the effects of lightweight people’s actions are cleared away. — basmak 1. to be heavy. 2. to have a strong influence, be influential, have weight. 3. to be important, be given weight, have priority. 4. h! to oppress (as a nightmare). — canlı lazy, inactive, sluggish. — ceza (a) major punishment. — ceza mahkemesi criminal court for major cases. — çekmek to be heavy; to show a heavy weight (on a scale).
    —  davranmak to act slowly, move slowly.
    —  duymak see ağır işitmek. — ezgi/ endam, fıstıki makam colloq. slowly, taking one’s time, ponderously. — gelmek /a/ 1. to offend, hurt, touch (one’s) honor. 2. to seem/be too difficult (for). — git ki yol alasm. proverb (Go slowly so that you can finish your journey.) To make effective progress you need to move on carefully. — ma gitmek /in/ to offend, hurt (one’s) feelings.
    —  lıapis cezası imprisonment for five years or more. — hasta 1. s.o. who is seriously ill. 2. seriously ill, (s.o.) who is seriously ill.
    —  hastalık serious disease. — ihmal law gross negligence. — iş hard work. — işçi slang prostitute, whore. — işitmek to be hard of hearing. — kaçmak (for a joke/remark) to be unkind. — kanlı 1. slow, inactive, sluggish. 2. repulsive, unattractive. — kayıp heavy casualties. — kazan geç kaynar.
   ağırayak                                          18
    proverb (A heavy cauldron boils late.) 1. A person who is not very bright takes longer to understand something. 2. A lazy person is slow to produce results. 3. A dignified person is slow to get angry. — konuşmak to say some hard things, speak harsh words.
    —  ol! 1. Go slowly! 2. colloq. Take it easy!/ Calm down!/Keep your cool! — otur ki bey/ ağa/molla desinler, proverb Be dignified so that they will recognize you as an important person. — oturmak to behave with dignity.
    —  para cezası law fine. — sanayi heavy industry. — sıklet sports, see ağırsıklet. — söz hard/harsh word; hard/harsh words. — su chem. heavy water. — taş yerinden oynamaz (batman döver), proverb (A heavy stone is not easily moved.) People can’t easily disturb a dignified person. — top colloq. big gun, important person, powerful person. — uyku deep sleep. — yaralı seriously wounded, gravely injured. — yongayı yel kaldırmaz, proverb (The wind will not sweep away a heavy chip.) A serious and dignified person is not easily disturbed.
 ağırayak (./..) pregnant, nearing childbirth, ağırbaşlı (./..) serious-minded, sedate, sober, ağırbaşlılık (./...) serious-mindedness, sedateness, soberness, ağırca somewhat heavy, ağırküre (./..) geol. barysphere. ağırlama 1. the serving of food and drink to a
 ----guest. 2. respect shown to a guest. 3. music
    played to greet a bride/a groom. 4. lines of homage at the end of a poem, ağırlamak 1. /ı/ to entertain, treat (a guest) with respect. 2. to slow down, ağırlanmak to be entertained, be shown hospitality.
 ağırlaşmak 1. to get heavy. 2. (for an illness) to become grave. 3. to be seriously sick. 4. to slow down. 5. to get to be serious-minded.
    6.     (for food) to spoil. 7. to get harder, become more difficult, ağırlaştırmak /ı/ 1. to aggravate. 2. to make (s.t.) heavier; to weigh (s.t.) down. 3. to make (s.t.) more difficult, make (s.t.) harder.
    4.    to slow (s.t.) down, ağırlatmak 1. /ı, a/ to have (one person) entertain (another). 2. hi to slow (s.t.) down, ağırlık 1. weight, heaviness, weightiness. 2. a weight used in weighing. 3. slowness of motion/action. 4. indigestibility. 5. foulness, stench; oppressiveness (of the weather). 6. costliness. 7. sedateness, gravity, serious -mindedness. 8. drowsiness, lethargy. 9. burden, responsibility. 10. severity (of a disease). 11. baggage, luggage. 12. mil. munitions, supplies. 13. prov. money presented to the bride by the bridegroom according to previous agreement. 14. jewelry. 15. nightmare. —mca altın değmek to be worth its weight in gold. — basmak/çökmek /a/ 1. to have a nightmare. 2. to be overcome by
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   sleepiness, —mı (ortaya) koymak to bring one’s power into play; to exert one’s authority. — merkezi 1. center of gravity. 2. the heart of the matter. — olmak /a/ to be a burden on (one). — vermek /a/ to concentrate on, focus one’s attention/energy on. ağırlıklı (s.t.) which has (a certain) emphasis: Bu din ağırlıklı bir kitaptır. This is a book which is largely about religion, ağırsamak III 1. to make (s.o.) unwelcome, treat (s.o.) coldly. 2. to do (a job) slowly, show a lack of interest (in), ağırsıklet, -ty (./..) sports heavyweight, ağırşak 1. spindle whorl. 2. disk, ağırşaklanmak (for a boil) to swell; to protrude, ağıryağ (./.) oil, lubricating oil. ağışız nontoxic.
ağısızlaştırma detoxification, detoxication, ağısızlaştırmak hi to detoxify, detoxicate, ağış ascending movement, rise (of water vapor and other atmospheric gases), ağıt 1. dirge, lament, funeral song. 2. wailing, keening, lamentation. — yakmak to wail, lament for the dead, ağıtçı wailer, mourner, wailing woman, ağıtlama elegy, dirge, ağıtsal elegiac, ağıtutar (./..) antitoxin, ağıtutkunluğu, -nu (./....) drug addiction, toxicomania.
*ağız, -ğzı 1. mouth. 2. rim, brim (of a cup/an opening). 3. muzzle (of a gun). 4. intersection, corner (of roads). 5. cutting edge, blade (of a knife). 6. dialect; regional accent. 7. persuasive talk, forceful way of speaking. 8. mus. regional form. 9. time: iki ağız twice, üç ağız three times. 10. brink, —dan 1. orally, verbally. 2. by mouth. — mdan 1. as heard directly from. 2. in the name of. — ıy-la (to tell) personally, —mı açacağına gözünü aç. Don’t stand gaping, open your eyes.
   —mı açıp gözünü yummak to swear a blue streak, rant and rave. — ı açık 1. open, uncovered (receptacle). 2. idiotic, moronic, —i açık ayran delisi half-wit, simpleton, —i açık (bir karış açık) kalmak to gape with astonishment, —mı açmak 1. to open one’s mouth. 2. to speak up. 3. to give vent to one’s feelings. 4. to gape with astonishment..— /—ını açmamak not to open one’s mouth; to be silent, hold one’s tongue. — açtırmamak /a/ to give (s.o.) no opportunity to talk. — ağıza to the brim. — ağıza dolu brimful, brimming. — ağıza vermek to whisper privately to each other, —dan ağıza by word of mouth, by rumor, —dan ağıza yayılmak (for a rumor) to be spread by word of mouth, —a almmaz/almmaya-cak obscene, very vulgar, unmentionable. — alışkanlığı the habit of using a certain expression. —mdan almak /ı, ml see ağzından kapmak, —ma almamak hi not to mention, not to let )pass one’s lips, —/—mı aramak
 ‘ağız                                              19
Iml to sound out (a person). — armonikası harmonica, mouth organ. —-ma atmak hi to put (s.t.) in one’s mouth. —ı aya, gözü çaya bakmak to be absentminded, be inclined not to pay attention to one’s work, -ma bakakalmak Iml to be spellbound by (one’s) words^—mdan baklayı çıkarmak to put aside considerations and speak out, let the cat out of the bag. — mda bakla ıslanmamak not to be able to keep a secret, -ma bakmak /m/ 1. to wait for (s.o.’s) words. 2. to obey (s.o.) blindly. — ma (—mm içine) baktırmak to have great charm in talking, —mdan bal akmak to talk sweetly, —mi bıçak açmamak to be too distressed to talk, have one’s mouth sealed with grief. — ı bir in agreement on what to say. — ma bir kemik atmak Iml to throw (s.o.) a bone, give (s.o.) money to keep him/her quiet. — ma bir parmak bal çalmak Iml to try to put (s.o.) off by promises or petty gains. — ma bir şey/çöp koymamak not to eat a thing.
—ma bir zeytin verip altma/ardma bir tulum tutmak to do a small favor and expect a big return, —mı bozmak to swear, use bad language. —ı bozuk foulmouthed, scurrilous.
—   bozukluğu abusiveness. — burun birbirine karışmak 1. (for one’s anger/sadness/ fatigue) to show in one’s face. 2. (for one’s face) to be battered and bruised. — ma burnuna bulaştırmak hi to mess up (a job), —mı burnunu dağıtmak Iml to pound (one’s) face, beat (s.o.) up. — ı burnu yerinde good-looking, attractive, handsome.
—i büyük boastful, —mda büyümek (for food) to be hard to swallow. —ı çelikli having a cast-iron throat, —mdan çıkanı (çıkan sözü) kulağı duymamak/işitmemek not to realize what one is saying, to (get angry and) explode, —mdan çıkmak to slip out without being intended, —mdan çıt çıkmamak not to divulge a word, (for s.o.’s mouth) to be sealed. — ı çiriş çanağına dönmek to have one’s mouth get dry and bitter, —da dağılmak (for pastry) to be delicious, be delectable. —ını dağıtmak Iml colloq. to hit (s.o.) in the mouth, sock (s.o.) in the kisser. — dalaşı/dalaşması quarrel, row. — ma değin up to the brim. — değişikliği variety in food. — ı değişmek to change one’s tune, —/—mı değiştirmek to change one’s tune. — ı dili bağlanmak not to open one’s mouth, be silent. — dil vermemek to be too sick to talk. — ı dili yok. colloq. He/She submits meekly./He/She doesn’t protest, —mdan dirhemle laf/söz/ lakırdı çıkmak to be s.o. of few words, be tightlipped: Reha’nın ağzından dirhemle laf çıkar. Reha is a man of few words, —dan dolma muzzle-loading. — dolusu küfür unrestrained swearing, —mdan dökülmek 1. to be said unconvincingly/halfheartedly. 2. to be evident from one’s words. — ı dört
                                                                                                            xağız
köşe olmak slang to be all smiles, —a düşmek to be in everybody’s mouth, be a subject of common gossip, —mdan düşürmemek hi to talk about (s.o./s.t.) constantly. — eğmek to plead, insist, beg. —i eğri, gözü şaşı ensesinden/arkasından belli olur (bellidir), proverb (You can tell by seeing a person from behind that his/her mouth is crooked and he/she is cross-eyed.) A person’s behavior indicates his/her deficiencies. —ma geldiği gibi (to speak) without careful consideration. — ma geleni söylemek 1. to talk without thinking, rattle on. 2. to scold/swear unreservedly. — ma gem vurmak Iml to silence, not to let (another) speak, —mda gevelemek 1. hi to withhold (pertinent information). 2. to hem and haw, avoid giving a clear answer, beat around the bush, —i gevşek garrulous, indiscreet. — m-dan girip burnundan çıkmak Iml to get around (s.o.) with persuasive words. — ı havada 1. stupid, perpetually bewildered and confused. 2. always talking about exalted things, —mı havaya açmak to be left out in the cold, not to get what one hoped for. —mı hayra aç! colloq. Don’t say such a thing!/Don’t say such things! — ını ıslatmak slang to drink, have a drink, —mm içine bakmak Iml to listen eagerly to (s.o.). —mm içine baktırmak to be someone one listens to eagerly, be someone one really wants to listen to. — ı ile kuş tutsa no matter how well he/she does, —mdan kaçırmak hi to let (s.t.) slip out. — ma kadar up to the brim. — kâhyası one who tries to interfere in another’s expression of his/her thoughts. — kalabalığı confused flow of words. — kalabalığı etmek to be verbose, wander off the subject. — kalabalığına getirmek hi to confuse (the issue) by a flow of words, —i kalabalık 1. garrulous, full of chatter. 2. charlatan, quack, humbug, —mm kalayını vermek Iml to scold, tell (s.o.) off. —mm kalıbı olmamak see ağzının kaşığı olmamak, —mı kapamak 1. to close one’s mouth, shut up, be silent. 2. Iml to silence (s.o.) with a bribe, —dan kapmak to learn by ear. —mdan kapmak /i, ml to anticipate what (s.o.) is going to say and say (it) first, —i kara 1. (s.o.) who enjoys giving bad news. 2. (s.o.) whom others want to exclude from their associations. — mm kaşığı olmamak to be too exalted for (one) to be worthy of mentioning (him/her/it). — kavafı s.o. who overinsists/overpersuades with much talking. — kavgası hot argument, quarrel, battle of words. —ınm kaytanını çekmek slang to stop making gloomy predictions, —i kilitli/kenetli 1. secretive, close-lipped. 2. unable to speak. 3. white-lipped (horse).
—ma kilit vurmak 1. to say nothing, keep silent. 2. Iml to keep (s.o.) from speaking.
—ma kira istemek not to talk without being
‘ağız
 20
ağızlamak
urged, —mı kiraya vermek to prefer not to talk, —i kokmak to have bad breath. — kokusu 1. bad breath. 2. willful caprices, whims, —mm kokusunu çekmek /m/ to put up with (s.o.’s) caprices, —a koyacak bir şey something to eat. — ma koymamak /ı/ not to eat. —ı köpürmek to foam at the mouth, —i kulaklarında very happy. — ı kulaklarına varmak to grin from ear to ear, be extremely pleased. — kullanmak to suit one’s speech to the situation, —mı kullanmak /in/ to quote the ideas of (another) as one’s own. — ı kurusun, colloq. (May his/ her mouth dry out.) May he/she suffer for predicting evil. — ıyla kuş tutsa .... Even if he/she works miracles .... —ından laf almak Iml to. wangle information out of (s.o.). — i laf/lakırdı yapmak to be able to speak effectively and to the point. — ma/—lara layık delicious, —mdan lokmasını al! colloq. He’s/She’s a real pushover! —mdan lokmasını almak Iml to take from (s.o.) that which is rightfully his/hers, —mm mührü ile 1. while fasting. 2. Iml without being opened. — ı oynamak 1. to nibble, snack. 2. to talk, —mm ölçüsünü almak see ağzının payını almak, —mm ölçüsünü vermek /a/ see ağzının payını vermek, —mı öpeyim! colloq. I should like to kiss your mouth for saying such nice things! — ı paça slang on top of the world. — ı paça olmak slang to be foolishly happy; to be all smiles, —mm payını almak to be reproved for saying something, —mm payını vermek /a/ to scold (s.o.) and make him/her ashamed of what he/she has said. — ı pek secretive, discreet, —mı pek tutmak see ağzını sıkı tutmak, —mm perhizi yok. colloq. He/She says whatever comes to his/her mind. —i pis foulmouthed, —mı poyraza açmak see ağzını havaya açmak, —ma sağlık! colloq. Well said! —da sakız gibi çiğnemek lıl to keep saying (s.t.) over and over. — ma sakız olmak Iml to be the subject of (one’s) gossiping. — satmak to brag, boast, —mı seveyim! see Ağzını öpeyim! —ma sıçayım! vulg. Shit on you!/Fuck you! (usually used by women). — ma sıçmak Iml vulg. 1. to put (s.o.) in the shit, put (s.o.) in a bad situation. 2. to make a balls-up of, mess/ball (s.t.) up.
—i sıkı secretive, discreet, —mı sıkı tutmak to keep one’s mouth shut; to be able to keep a secret, be able to keep one’s mouth shut. — ıyla söylemek to say it o.s. — ı sulanmak /a/ to have one’s mouth water (for).
—mm suyunu akıtmak Iml to make (one’s) mouth water. — inin suyu akmak to long hungrily for something. — ına sürmemek hi not to touch (a food). — ı süt kokmak to be naive, be innocent. — şakası joke, —mi şapırdatmak to smack one’s lips. — tadı harmony; peace and tranquillity. — tadı ile
1. enjoying the flavor. 2. enjoying the occa-
   sion. 3. with everything going well, —mm tadını almak /dan/ to have had a bitter experience (with). — mın tadını bilmek 1. to be a gourmet. 2. to be a connoisseur of beautiful things, be a person of taste, be someone who appreciates nice things, —mın tadını bozmak Iml see ağzının tadını kaçırmak, —mm tadı bozulmak see ağzının tadı kaçmak. —mm tadını kaçırmak Iml to throw (s.o.’s) tranquil way of life into disarray, shatter (s.o.’s) tranquillity, —mm tadı kaçmak to have one’s tranquil life thrown into disarray; to have one’s tranquillity shattered.
   —   tamburası çalmak 1. to try to console one. 2. to have one’s teeth chatter from the cold. — ma taş almış, colloq. (He/She has a pebble in his/her mouth.) He/She won’t talk, —a tat, boğaza feryat, colloq. 1. The food was good but there was not enough. 2. What was done was good but it was not enough.
   —ma tat bulaşmak to get the taste of something and want to do it again. — tatsızlığı unpleasant atmosphere in a group. — ı tene-ke/tenekeyle kaplı (s.o.) who has a cast-iron stomach, who can eat/drink anything with relative ease. — mı tıkamak Iml to stop (s.o.) from talking. —ını topla! colloq. Watch your language! (said to s.o. who is cursing or using foul language). —ı torba değil ki büzesin! Iml colloq. You can’t stop (s.o.) talking! —mı tutmak to hold one’s tongue.
   —   tüfeği blowgun. — ma tükürdüğümün damn, despicable. — tütünü chewing tobacco. —lari uymak to agree in what they say.
   —   ünlüsü phon. oral vowel. — ünsüzü phon. oral consonant. —ı var, dili yok. colloq. He/She is very quiet./He/She is no bother. —i varmamak /a/ not to have the heart to say (s.t). —ma verilmesini beklemek/ istemek to sit back and let others do it for one. —ına vur, lokmasını al! colloq. He’s/ She’s a real pushover! — ma yakışmamak (for s.t. one has said) not to befit one, not to be worthy of one (owing to its abusiveness/ vulgarity). — ı yanmak /dan/ to have a painful experience (with). — yapmak 1. to try to explain away a matter. 2. to make empty boasts, —mda yaş kalmamak to have expressed an opinion to the same person many times. — yaymak to avoid speaking directly and clearly, —mdan yel/yeller alsm! colloq. (May the wind take it from your mouth.) Heaven forbid! — yer, yüz utanır, proverb (One accepts a gift and is ashamed.) One is ashamed not to do something that a benefactor requests, —mı yırtarım! vulg. Hold your tongue!/Stop it or I’ll hit you! —mi yoklamak Iml to sound out (a person).
2ağız colostrum, beestings, beastings.
ağızbirliği, -ni (./...) agreement on what is to be said/done. — etmek to speak according to a previously arranged plan.
ağızlamak /ı/ 1. to ready (a mortise/hole) for a
 ağızlaşım
   tenon or other part. 2. naut. (for a ship) to enter the middle of (a strait/port), ağızlaşım anat., see ağızlaşma, ağızlaşma anat. anastomosis, ağızlaşmak anat. to anastomose, ağızlık 1. cigarette holder. 2. mouthpiece (of a pipe/trumpet/telephone). 3. cover of leaves put over a full fruit basket. 4. stone ring around the mouth of a well. 5. open water pipe with a valve. 6. appliance put into/over the mouth of an animal, muzzle. 7. text. shed. 8. funnel, ağızotu, -nu (./..) formerly priming, primer (of a gun), ağızsal med. oral.
ağızsıl phon. oral (as opposed to nasal). — ünlü oral vowel. — ünsüz oral consonant, ağızsız soft-spoken, submissive, ağkatman (/..) anat. retina. — sayrılığı path.
   retinopathy. — yangısı path, retinitis, ağkepçe (/..) landing net. ağkurdu, -nu (/..) zool. webworm. ağlama weeping, crying, ağlamak 1. to weep, shed tears, cry. 2. /a/ to weep, mourn (for). 3. /dan/ to complain, whine (about). 4. (for a tree) to weep. Ağlarsa anam ağlar, başkası/kalanı yalan ağlar, proverb (It is only my mother who would weep. The tears of all the others would be false.) The deepest love is a mother’s love. Ağlamayan çocuğa meme vermezler, proverb (No one nurses the baby that does not cry.) The wheel that squeaks gets the grease, ağlayası gelmek to feel like crying. Ağlar gözden, sahte sözden kendini sakın, proverb Beware of the deceiver who tries to play on your emotions. Ağlayanın malı gülene hayretmez. proverb No good will come to you from ill-gotten gains. Ağlama ölü için, ağla deli/diri için, proverb Don’t weep for the dead; weep for those who are mad or weep for the living. Ağlamakla yâr ele girmez, proverb (You don’t win your lover by weeping.) You don’t get what you want by crying for it. ağlamaklı ready to cry. — olmak to feel like crying, ağlamalı see ağlamaklı, ağlamsamak 1. to be ready to burst into tears, be on the verge of tears. 2. to pretend to be weepy; to pretend to cry. aglamsi prov. weepy.
ağlamsık prov. 1. weepy. 2. (s.o.) who pretends to be weepy, ağlanmak impersonal passive to cry, weep, ağlaşmak 1. to weep together. 2. to lament, ağlatı theat. tragedy.
ağlatıcı tending to bring one to tears, tear-jerk-w ing-
ağlatısal 1. tragic. 2. pertaining to tragedies, ağlatmak III to make (one) cry. Ağlatan gülmez. proverb One who makes others weep won’t laugh.
                                                                                                         ağustos
ağlaya ağlaya (../ ...) crying, while crying, ağlayık prov. (s.o.) who is always crying/complaining.
ağlayış 1. crying, cry. 2. whining, whimpering, complaint, ağlı very baggy (trousers), ağma astr. a shooting star, meteor, ağmak 1. to rise, ascend. 2. to hang downward, droop.
ağman prov. imperfection, fault, ağmantarlar (/...) bot. Hyphomycetes. ağnam (.—) 1. obs. sheep (plural); goats. 2.
    hist, tax on sheep/goats/pigs/camels, ağnamak (for an animal) to roll on the ground, ağnamcı hist, person who collected the tax levied on sheep/goats/pigs/camels, ağrı 1. ache. 2. throes of childbirth, labor. — duymazlığı analgesia. — larda göz ağrısı, her kişinin öz ağrısı, proverb The worst ache is in the eyes, but everybody has some other ache that is as bad. — kesici med., see ağrıkesici. — kesimi med., see ağrıkesi-mi. —sı tutmak 1. to have birth pains start; to begin labor. 2. to have a recurrence of periodic pains. — vermek /a/ to hurt. Ağrıboz (./.) see Eğriboz.
Ağrı Dağı, -m Mount Ararat, ağrık prov. 1. pain, ache. 2. illness, ağrıkesen (./..) med., see 'ağrıkesici. ağrıkesici (./...) med. 1. (an) analgesic. 2. analgesic.
ağrıkesimi, -ni (./...) med. analgesia, ağrılı aching, painful. — yağlanma path, adiposis dolorosa, Dercum’s disease, ağrıma a parasitic disease of mammals. — asalakları spores parasitic on the red blood cells of vertebrates, ağrımak to ache, hurt, throb with pain, ağrısız 1. painless. 2. painlessly. — başına kaşbastı bağlamak needlessly to make extra work for o.s. — baş mezarda gerek olur. proverb (The only head without headaches is in the grave.) Only death ends all troubles.
    —      baş yastık istemez, proverb (A head without headaches needs no pillow.) A healthy person needs no coddling, ağrıtmak h! to hurt, make ache, ağsı 1. netlike. 2. reticular, reticulate, reticulated, ağtabaka (/...) anat. retina, ağtonoz (/..) arch, ribbed vault, ağu poison, venom.
ağustos August. — ta beyni kaynayanın zemheride kazanı kaynar, proverb (The person who fries his/her brain in the August sun has a boiling pot in the winter.) If a person works in the fields in the summer he/she will have enough to eat in the winter. — ta gölge kovan, zemheride karnın ovar, proverb One who hunts shade in August rubs his/her empty stomach in the winter. — ta suya girse balta kesmez buz olur, colloq. (If he/she went into the water in August, the water would freeze so hard that an ax could
21
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 22
 âhir
    not break it.) He/She is always unfortunate./ He/She has no luck at all. —un yarısı yaz, yarısı kıştır, proverb (Half of August is summer, and the other half winter.) Somewhere in the middle of August the weather breaks, ağııstosböceği, -ni (../...) zool. cicada, ağustosböcekleri, -ni (../....) zool. Cicaclidae.
ağuş (------------) obs., see aguş.
ağyar (.—) 1. obs. others, other people, strangers. 2. classical Ott. poet, rivals, all who are connected with the beloved apart from the lover himself, ah (—) 1. sigh, groan. 2. lament. 3. curse. A—! colloq. Ah!/Oh!/Alas! — alan onmaz. proverb A person who is cursed by those he/she has oppressed will never prosper. — almak to be cursed for one’s cruelty. — çekmek to sigh, —mı çekmek Iml to be under the curses of (those one has wronged), —i çıkmak Iml to suffer as a result of the curse of (s.o. whom ‘one has wronged). — deme ki düşmanın oh demesin, proverb Don’t cry or your enemies will gloat. — etmek 1. to sigh. 2. /a/ to curse. — ı tutmak (yerde kalmamak) to have one’s curse take effect. — yerde kalmaz, proverb The curse of a sufferer hurts his/her oppressor, aha prov. here, there.
                                                                       ahali (.—.) inhabitants, population, the people, ahar (—.) obs. another, the other (person/thing): âhar bir memlekette in another country, ahar dressing, finish, sizing (for paper/cloth), aharlamak hi to size, dress, finish (paper/cloth), aharlı dressed, sized, finished (paper/cloth). — kâğıt sized paper suitable for calligraphy, ahbap acquaintance; friend. A—! colloq. My friend! (used to attract the attention of a stranger). — çavuşlar colloq. pals, cronies, chums. — kusuruna bakan ahbapsız kalır. proverb Don’t pick at your friends or you’ll find yourself friendless. — olmak /la/ to strike up a friendship (with), ahbapça (./.) like a friend, in a friendly way.
    —      konuşmak to talk like friends, ahbaplık friendship, —a dökmek to strike up a friendship. — etmek /la/ to be on friendly terms (with), ahçı 1. cook. 2. colloq. eating house, eatery, cheap or inferior restaurant. — baltası butcher’s cleaver. — dükkânı colloq. eating house, eatery, cheap or inferior restaurant, ahçıbaşı, -m (./..) head cook, chef, ahçılık cooking, cookery. — yapmak to work as a cook, be a cook, ahdetmek (/..) /a/ 1. to vow, promise (to do s.t.); to promise o.s. (to do s.t.). 2. to swear to God (to do s.t.). 3. to contract, agree (to do s.t.).
ahdi (.—) law conventional, contractual, conventional, pertaining to a treaty/an agreement. — tarife tariff based on an international agreement, international tariff. Ahdiatik the Old Testament.
Ahdicedit the New Testament, ahenk (—.) 1. mus. harmony. 2. musicality. 3. harmony, integration, accord, agreement, compatibility. 4. lively party at which musicians provide entertainment, —ini bozmak Iml to create disunity between/in, upset the tranquillity that existed between/in. — kaidesi phon. vowel harmony. — kurmak /da/ to establish harmonious relations (between members of a group). — sağlamak /da/ to secure unity and order (in a place). — tahtası soundboard, belly, table (of a violin/ a lute/a similar instrument), ahenkdar (—.—) obs., see ahenktar. ahenkleştirmek (—....) /i/ to harmonize; to reconcile; to coordinate, ahenkli (—..) 1. mus. harmonious. 2. melodious, musical. 3. harmonious, integrated, marked by accord/agreement/compatibility (between its various parts). — hareket phys. harmonic motion, ahenksiz (—..) 1. mus. discordant, inharmonious. 2. unmelodious, immelodious. 3. inharmonious, lacking in integration, marked by a lack of accord/agreement/compatibility (between its various parts), ahenksizlik (—...) lack of harmony, discord, ahenktar (—.—) obs. 1. harmonious; pleasing.
   2. melodious. 3. rhythmical, âher (—.) obs., see âhar. aheste (—..) slow; gentle; calm. — aheste slowly; gently; softly. — beste slowly, taking one’s time, ahfad (.—) see ahfat.
ahfadiyelik (.— ...) obs. 1. heirloom. 2. (s.t.)
   which is worthy of being an heirloom, ahfat (.—) 1. law grandchildren. 2. descendants. 3. grandson (especially one from a male line).
Ahfeş the name of a Koranic student in a story.
   —   ’in keçisi gibi baş sallamak to nod in
   agreement without understanding what is said, ahi generous.
ahım şahım (—/ —.) colloq. beautiful, bright, excellent. — bir şey değil. It is nothing special.
âhır (—.) see âhir.
ahır stable, shed, barn, —a çekmek III to put (an animal) in the barn, —a çevirmek /ı/ to mess up, make a shambles of. — gibi in a shambles, messy, cluttered, dirty (place), ahırlamak prov. to become stiff from staying too long in the stable.
Ahi (.—) hist. Akhi, a member of a brotherhood in Anatolia.
                                                                     Ahilik (.—.) hist. Akhism, an organized brotherhood in Anatolia related to trade guilds, âhir (—.) 1. the last, the final: âhir nefes last gasp. 2. in the end. 3. end, conclusion, termination. — olmak to come to an end, end.
   —   ömür/vakit old age, (one’s) last years.
   —   zaman the time during which the Last
 ahir
 23
ahududu
   Judgment can be expected to take place. — zaman peygamberi the Prophet Muhammad, ahir (.—) obs. the last, the final: ahir karar final decision, ahiren (.—'.) obs. recently, ahiret, -ti (—..) see ahret, ahiretlik (—...) see ahretlik, ahit, -hdi 1. vow, promise, resolution, resolve (especially one made to o.s.): Ahdim var, bunu yapacağım. I’ve vowed to myself that I’ll do this. 2. promise (made to God): Ahdim olsun, hazır bulunacağım! I swear to God I’ll be there! 3. treaty, pact, solemn agreement; covenant. 4. period (of time), era, age, epoch; reign. 5. imperial decree.
   —e vefa law Pacta sunt servanda, ahitleşmek to make a pact with each other, contract with each other, enter into a solemn agreement with each other, ahitname (..— .) treaty, pact, ahize (—..) receiver: telefon ahizesi telephone receiver, radyo ahizesi radio receiver, ahkâm (.—) 1. law judgments, decisions, verdicts. 2. law statutes, regulations, provisions, stipulations. 3. predictions based on astrology/soothsaying. 4. colloq. half-baked ideas, baseless conclusions, flimsy speculations. — çıkarmak colloq. to put forth some half-baked or off-the-cuff ideas (on s.t. one doesn’t know much about). — kesmek colloq. to put forth a half-baked or off-the-cuff idea as if it were the gospel truth. — yürütmek colloq. to give one’s opinion (on s.t. one doesn’t know much about), ahlaf (.—) obs. 1. successors. 2. descendants;
   future generations, ahlak, -kı 1. morals, moral practices; morality. 2. morals, moral principles, moral teachings, ethic, morality; ethics: meslek ahlakı professional ethics, —a aykırı immoral (act/ word). — bilimi see ahlakbilim. —mı bozmak Iml to corrupt/debase (s.o.’s) morals, corrupt, —i bozuk morally corrupt, morally bankrupt (person). — dışı see ahlakdışı. — duygusu moral sense. — ı umumiyeye tecavüz law offending against public decency, violation of public decency, moral turpitude, ahlakan (.—.) morally; ethically, ahlakbilim (./..) ethics, ahlakça (./.) morally; ethically, ahlakçı 1. moralist, thinker/writer concerned with moral principles. 2. teacher of ethics, ahlakdışçılık (./...) amoralism, ahlakdışı (./..) 1. immoral (word/act). 2.
   amoral, nonmoral (word/act), ahlaken (.—.) colloq. morally; ethically, ahlakiyat, -ti (.— ..) obs., see ahlakbilim. ahlaki (.— —) ethical, moral, ahlaklı 1. moral, morally upright, upright (person). 2. (s.o.) who is of (a specified) moral fiber: kötü ahlaklı morally bankrupt, ahlaklılık 1. decency, uprightness. 2. morality, ahlaksal ethical, moral.
ahlaksız 1. immoral. 2. colloq. rude, lowbred, churlish. 3. colloq. dishonest, shifty, slippery, ahlaksızlık immorality, ahlamak to sigh.
ahlat, -ti 1. bot. wild pear, Pyrus pyraster. 2. slang boor. — m iyisini (dağda) ayılar yer. proverb, see Armudun iyisini (dağda) ayılar yer.
ahmak 1. stupid, foolish. 2. fool, idiot. — gelin yengeyi halayığı sanır, proverb A stupid bride mistakes her sponsor for a servant. — ıslatan colloq. drizzle. — iti yol kocatır. proverb (If a dog is stupid a journey will age him.) If a project is not well planned and administered, delays and deficiencies crop up later. — misafir ev sahibini ağırlar. proverb A confused visitor welcomes his/her host, —a yüz, abdala söz vermeye gelmez. proverb It doesn’t work to encourage a stupid person or promise anything to a beggar, ahmakça 1. somewhat foolish. 2. (./.) foolishly, stupidly.
ahmaklaşmak 1. to turn into a fool. 2. to be momentarily bewildered, ahmaklık stupidity, foolishness, ahret, -ti the hereafter, the next world. — adamı a man who has withdrawn from the world, otherworldly person. — i boylamak colloq. to die. — e göndermek /ı/ to send (s.o.) to the next world, send (s.o.) to his/ her reward, kill. — te iki eli yakasında olmak /ml see ahrette on parmağı yakasında olmak. — kardeşi sister (used by a devout Muslim woman to describe the close bond that exists between herself and another devout Muslim woman, one to whom she is not a blood relative). — korkusu the fear of the Last Judgment. — te on parmağı yakasında olmak Iml to hold a grudge (against s.o.) at the Last Judgment. — suali
   1. Islam a very difficult question supposedly asked s.o. by an angel when he/she is about to enter the next world. 2. colloq. tiresome and difficult question, —ini yapmak to acquire merit in God’s sight. — yolculuğu colloq. death, —ini zenginleştirmek see ahretini yapmak.
ahretlik 1. adopted girl brought up as a servant.
   2. sister (used by a devout Muslim woman to describe the close bond that exists between herself and another devout Muslim woman, one to whom she is not a blood relative). 3. (s.t.) which pertains to the next world. 4. otherworldly (person).
                                                                     ahşa (.—) obs. viscera, guts, ahşap 1. (house/ship/bridge) made of wood, wooden. 2. wood, timber (used for building), ahtapot, -tu 1. zool. octopus. 2. path, polyp or similar tumor. 3. slang sponger, hanger-on.
    —     gibi clinging, persistent, troublesome, ahu (— —) zool. gazelle. — gibi beautiful, graceful. — gözlü having beautiful eyes, ahududu, -nu (—/..) bot. raspberry, Rub us
ahuvah
 24
akağa
   idaeus.
ahuvah (—) obs.weeping and wailing, ahval, -li (.—) obs. 1. circumstances, situation, state, state of affairs. 2. behavior. 3. events, affairs. —i perişan bad situation; desperate straits. — i pürmelal very sad state. — i sıhhiye state of health. — i şahsiye law status (of a person). — i şahsiye sicili law register of births, marriages, and deaths. — i umumiye general state of affairs, ahzetmek (/..) /i/ to take; to receive, ahziigirift, -ti law apprehension, arrest (of a criminal). — müzekkeresi law warrant of arrest.
ahzüita (..— —) law buying and selling, commerce, trade, ahzükabz law collection (of a sum of money);
   registering (of a debt), aidat, -ti (—..) 1. dues, membership fee, subscription (paid to a society by its members).
   2.     revenue, income, aidiyet, -ti (—...) obs. state of belonging, relation.
AIDS path. AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
                                                                      AIDS’li (s.o.) who is suffering from AIDS, aile (—..) 1. family. 2. colloq. wife. — adı family name, surname. — bahçesi tea garden. — cüzdanı savings account. — doktoru family doctor. — dostu family friend.
   —  efradı members of a family. — gazinosu see aile bahçesi. — ismi see aile adı. — kurmak to marry and start a family. — meclisi family council. — ocağı home, the family hearth. — planlaması family planning.
   —      reisi head of the family, law paterfamilias, ailece (—./.) as a family.
ailecek (—./.) colloq. as a family, ailevi (—..—) regarding the family, private, domestic.
ait (—.) /a/ concerning, relating to; pertaining to, belonging to. — olmak /a/ to concern, relate; to belong to. ajan 1. secret agent, spy. 2. agent, representative.
ajanda (./.) diary (in which one notes future engagements), ajanlık 1. being an agent, being a representative. 2. being a secret agent, being a spy. ajans 1. agency; news agency. 2. news bulletin, ajur embroidery openwork, ajurlu open-worked (embroidery), ak, -kı 1. white. 2. clean, unsullied. 3. unblemished, beaming with honest pride (face). 4. white (of an eye/an egg). 5. white speck (in the eye). 6. phot, positive. — m adı (var), karanın tadı (var), proverb, see Beyazın adı (var), esmerin tadı (var). — ı ak, karası kara brunette with fair skin. — akçe kara gün içindir, proverb Money saved can come to one’s rescue in a time of need. — altm platinum. — Arap Arab. — bakla prov. dried beans, —mı bokuna karıştır-
   mak vulg. to mix up the good and the bad in something. — ım derken bokum demek vulg. 1. to blunder and say something bad by mistake. 2. to try to show off and end up revealing one’s faults. — don/göt/bacak, kara don/göt/bacak geçitte/geçit ba-şmda/hamamda belli olur, proverb (One can tell white clothes from black at the mountain pass.) In a time of trial it becomes clear who is good and who is useless. — düşmek /a/ to begin to turn gray, begin to gray. — gözlü blue-eyed, likely to bring a curse. — gün ağartır, kara gün karartır. proverb Happy times gladden the heart; sorrow makes one gloomy. — itin pamuk pazarına (pamuğa/pamukçuya) zararı vardır. proverb, see Ak köpeğin pamuk pazarına (pamuğa/pamukçuya) zararı vardır.
   —  karaman a large white fat-tailed sheep of Central Anatolia famous for its meat. — ı karası geçitte belli olur, proverb (Black and white become clear at the mountain pass.) It becomes clear at the final test who is good and who is not. —tan karadan haberi yok. colloq. He’s/She’s as ignorant as they come ./He’s/S he’s never ever heard of the three R’s./He/She can’t read or write, —la karayı seçmek to have a very hard time. — kirpani white but dirty. — koyunu gören, içi dolu yağ sanır, proverb (A person who sees a white sheep assumes that it is fat and tasty.) Appearances can be deceiving. — koyunun kara kuzusu da olur. proverb (A white sheep can have a black lamb.) Even a good family has an occasional black sheep. — köpek, kara köpek geçit başında belli olur, proverb You see what a person’s made of when things get rough. — köpeğin pamuk pazarına (pamuğa/pamukçuya) zararı vardır, proverb (A white dog hurts cotton sales.) When a poor imitation is around the real product is undervalued. — mı, kara mı, önüne düşünce görürsün. colloq. (You will find out whether it is white or black when you see it.) Don’t worry about it now; you’ll find out later. — pak 1. very clean. 2. (one) whose hair and beard have gone white. 3. having an attractive fair complexion. — saçlı white-haired.
   —  sakaldan yok sakala gelmek to fail with old age.
akabinde /m/ immediately after, subsequently, akaç drain pipe.
akaçlama drainage. — havzası drainage basin, akaçlamak /ı/ 1. to drain. 2. to supply with a drainage system, akademi academy, akademici academician, akademicilik academicism, academism, akademik academic, academical, akademisyen academician, akademizm academism, akağa (/..) white eunuch of the sultan’s palace.
 akağaç
akağaç (/..) bot. birch, white birch, Betula alba. akaid (.—.) obs., see akait, akait (.—.) obs. doctrines, dogmas, tenets (of a religious faith). — kitabı book outlining the doctrines of a religious faith, akaju (./.) bot. acajou, mahogany, Swietenia mahogani.
akak 1. river bed. 2. brook. 3. running water.
   4.     channel, conduit, watercourse, akala (./.) a hybrid cotton developed in Turkey from American stocks, akalliyet, -ti obs., see ekalliyet, akamber (/..) 1. ambergris. 2. courbaril copal, courbaril, gum anime, akamet, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. sterility, barrenness.
   2.  failure. — e uğramak to fail, come to naught.
akant, -ti bot. acanthus, Acanthus. akantus bot. acanthus, Acanthus. akanyildiz (./..) astr. a shooting star, meteor.
   —   yağmuru meteoric shower, meteor shower.
*akar 1. liquid, flowing. 2. running, oozing, —a kokara bakma, çuvala girene bak.
   proverb (Don’t worry about what is oozing and smelling; keep your eye on what is going into the sack.) Get possessions, no matter how bad they are. — su çukurunu kendi kazar, proverb (Flowing water cuts its own channel.) An ambitious and capable person creates his/her own opportunities. — suya inanma, el oğluna dayanma, proverb Don’t trust flowing water or a stranger. — su pislik tutmaz, proverb Flowing water does not get contaminated.
2akar (.—) 1. (a) real property which yields one rent, (a) rental property. 2. rent, akaramber (./..) bot. liquidambar, Liquid-ambar.
akarca (./.) prov. 1. suppurating sore. 2. fistula.
   3.  disease characterized by a discharge. 4. rivulet, streamlet. 5. hot spring.
akaret, -ti (.—.) obs. (a) real property which yields one rent, (a) rental property, akarlar zool. mites, Acarina. akarsu, -yu (./.) 1. stream, river. 2. diamond/ pearl necklace, akaryakıt, -ti fuel oil.
akasma (/..) bot. virgin’s-bower, Clematis vir-giniana.
akasya (./.) bot. 1. locust, black locust, Ro-binia pseudoacacia. 2. acacia, Acacia. akbaba (/..) zool. vulture, akbalık (/..) zool. 1. dace, Leucisclis leuciscus.
   2.     a large bonito. akbalıkçıl (/...) zool. great white heron, akbasma (/..) prov. cataract, akbaş (/.) zool. barnacle goose, bernicle, Bran-ta leucopsis. akbenek (/..) white speck in the eye. akburçak (/..) bot. bitter vetch, Vicia orobus. akciğer (/..) 1. lungs. 2. pulmonary. — göbeği anat. pulmonary hilum. — gözcüğü anat.,
 25                                          akhardal
   see akciğer peteği. — kesecikleri anat. pulmonary vesicles. — peteği anat. pulmonary alveolus. — sönüğü path, atelectasis. — to-zancasi path, pneumoconiosis. — veremi path, pulmonary tuberculosis. — yangısı path, pneumonia. — yelpiği path, bronchial asthma. — zarı anat. pleura. — zarı boşluğu anat. pleural cavity, akciğerliler (/....) zool. Pulmonata.
*akça off-white, whitish; pale, faded. — pakça (woman) with a peaches-and-cream complexion.
2akça see akçe.
akçaağaç (./..) bot. maple, Acer. akçaağaçgiller (./....) bot. Aceraceae. akçakavak (./..) bot. white poplar, silver poplar, abele, Populus alba. akçayel (./.) southeast wind, akçe 1. money. 2. hist, a small silver coin (one third of a para). — akıl öğretir, don yürüyüş. proverb A person grows wise by handling money; he/she gains confidence by being dressed up. —si ak,olanm bakma yüzü karalığına, proverb (If his/her money is silver don’t pay any attention to his/her disgrace.) Money makes up for small faults, —si ucuz olanın kendisi kıymetli olur. proverb, see Parası ucuz olanın kendisi kıymetli olur, akçeleme financing, akçelemek hi to finance, akçelenmek to be financed, akçeli fiscal.
akçıl whitish; faded; gray, grey; having white areas.
akçıllaşmak to fade, get gray, akçıllık whiteness; grayishness; fadedness, akçöpleme (/...) bot. white false hellebore, Veratrum album. akdarı (/..) bot. millet, Panicum miliaceum. akdem obs. 1. /dan/ before ...: ondan akdem before him. 2. at first, first; earlier. 3. /dan/ more important than. 4. the most important, of first importance, foremost. 5. more ancient, of greater antiquity, akdemce (./.) obs. not long ago, a bit earlier;
                                           a little while ago. akdemir (/*.) wrought iron.
Akdeniz (/..) the Mediterranean Sea, the Mediterranean.
akdes obs. 1. more holy/sacred. 2. most holy/ sacred.
akdetmek (/..) /ı/ 1. to conclude (a treaty/a contract). 2. to convoke (a meeting). 3. to hold (a meeting), akdiken (/..) bot. buckthorn, Rhamnus cathar-tica.
akdoğan (/..) zool. a white falcon, Falco. akgünlü (/..) prov. fortunate, lucky, akgünlük (/..) incense made from juniper gum. akgünnük (/..) see akgünlük, akhardal (/..) bot. white mustard, Brassica hirta.
 26
 akıl
*akı generous.
2akı phys. flux, flow.
akıbet, -ti (—..) 1. end, outcome. 2. fate, what the future holds in store. 3. in the end.
   —ine uğramak Iml to end up like (s.o.).
akıcı 1. fluid, flowing (substance). 2. smooth, easy, fluid, fluent. — ünsüz phon. liquid consonant.
akıcılık 1. fluidity, the condition/quality of being fluid. 2. pleasing flow, pleasingly flowing quality, fluency, fluidity, smoothness (in s.o.’s prose/speech). 3. smoothness, ease.
âkil (—.) obs. 1. intelligent; rational; capable of discernment. 2. (s.o.) who has reached the age of discretion. — baliğ person who has reached the age of discretion.
akıl, -klı 1. reason, intelligence; wisdom, discernment, discretion. 2. mind, comprehension. 3. memory. 4. idea, opinion, thought.
   5. advice, —dan 1. from memory. 2. by the use of one’s imagination. — ımda. I haven’t forgotten it./I have it in mind. — adama sermayedir, proverb, see Akıl kişiye sermayedir. — akıl, gel çengele takıl, colloq. (O wisdom, come and get tangled in our hook.) I don’t see how we can solve this problem. — akıldan üstündür, proverb (One mind can be better than another.) It pays to consult others. — almak /dan/ to ask (s.o.’s) advice, consult (s.o.). —mı almak Iml to charm, bewitch, fascinate. — almamak to be incredible. — ı almamak hi
   1. not to understand. 2. not to believe that (it) is possible. 3. to find (it) unacceptable.
   —  almaz unbelievable, inconceivable. — ı başında sensible, (s.o.) who has his/her head screwed on right, —mı başına almak/ toplamak/devşirmek to come to one’s senses, —mı başından almak Iml 1. to deprive (s.o.) of his/her senses, leave (s.o.) unable to think straight. 2. to scare (s.o.) silly, scare the wits out of. — ı başından bir karış yukarı impulsive, rash, impetuous, (s.o.) who does the first thing that comes into his/her head. — ı başına gelmek 1. to come to one’s senses, sober down. 2. to come to. —i başından gitmek 1. to be overwhelmed, be beside o.s. 2. to faint. — ı başında olmamak 1. to be confused, be unable to think straight. 2. to be unconscious, —mi başka yere vermek to let one’s mind wander. —mla bin yaşa! You’re really thinking today! (said sarcastically to the author of an idea one finds absurd). — bir vezirdir, gönül bir padişah, proverb (The mind is a vizier; the heart is a sultan.) The heart may or may not do what common sense suggests. —i bokuna karışmak vulg. 1. to be frightened to death. 2. to be overcome with joy. —mı bozmak /la/ to be obsessed (with).
   —  bu ya! colloq. I/We/He/She/They thought it was a good idea! —mı çalmak /in/ 1. to enchant, fascinate, charm, captivate. 2. to
 influence, sway, —mı çelmek Iml 1. to dissuade from a good intention, cause (one) to give up a decision. 2. to corrupt, lead astray, —dan çıkarmak hi to forget all about (it), give up the idea (of). — i çıkmak to worry
 o.s. sick, be near panic, —mdan çıkmak to slip one’s mind, —mdan çıkmamak 1. to stick in one’s mind. 2. to go around and around in one’s head, —mm çivisi eksik not very bright; screwy, cracked. — ı dağılmak to be unable to concentrate. — danışmak /a/ to consult, ask (s.o.) for advice.
 —   defteri colloq. notebook. — doktoru colloq. psychiatrist. — mı durdurmak Iml (for s.t.) to make (s.o.) unable to think straight, —lara durgunluk vermek (for s.t.) to blow one’s mind. — ı durmak to be openmouthed with astonishment. — ına düşmek 1. to come back to one’s mind. 2. to come into one’s mind, strike one. — eksikliği mental deficiency. — erdirememek /a/ to be unable to fathom, —i ermek 1. /a/ to understand, grasp. 2. to be mentally mature. — ı ermemek /a/ 1. not to be able to conceive of; to find (s.t.) inconceivable. 2. to find (s.t.) unacceptable. —ma eseni yapmak to act on impulse, do whatever comes into his/her head. — ma esmek to come into one’s head.
 —   etmek hi to think of (doing s.t.) (at the right time). — ı evvel pretentious about one’s wisdom. — fikir mind: Allah akıl fikir versin! May God cause you to think straight! Akim fikrin neredeydi? Why didn’t you think? Selim’in aklı fikri tiyatroda. All Selim thinks about is the theater. —dan gayri müsellah see kafadan gayri müsellah. —mdan geçirmek hi to happen to think (of), —mdan geçmek to occur to one, pass through one’s mind, —a gelmedik unanticipated. — ma gelmek 1. to occur to one. 2. to come back to one’s memory. — ima gelen başıma geldi, colloq. What 1 was afraid of has happened, ^-ma geleni işleme, her ağacı taşlama, proverb Don’t do everything that you think of, nor throw stones at every tree. — ma geleni söylemek to speak without thinking. — ma geleni yapmak to act on impulse, do whatever comes into his/her head, —a gelmeyen başa gelir, proverb (What doesn’t come to one’s mind falls on one’s head.) You can’t always anticipate everything, —a gelmez inconceivable; not anticipated. — ma getirmek 1. /ı, m/ to remind (s.o.) of. 2. hi to consider, think (of). — ı gitmek 1. to be confused, be perplexed. 2. /a/ to be taken (by), —i gözünde (one) who believes only what he/she sees. — harcı olmamak /ml pej. (for s.t.) to be beyond (s.o.’s) comprehension, be beyond (s.o.). — hastalığı mental illness/disorder. — hastanesi mental hospital. — hastası mental patient, person who is mentally ill. — havsala almamak
 akıl
 27
 akıllı
 hi (for s.t.) to be beyond belief: Bu hikâyeyi akıl havsala alamaz. This story is beyond belief, —a hayale gelmeyen incredible. — hocası advisor, mentor, master (sometimes ironic). — için yol birdir, proverb (There is one road for wisdom.) Those who are wise will all agree in the end. — işi değil. colloq. It is unacceptable. — ını kaçırmak
 1. to go mad, go out of one’s mind. 2. to behave irrationally, —mda kalmak 1. to stick in one’s mind. 2. to remember. — kârı olmamak to be unreasonable, be unwise (to do), —i karışmak to be confused and perplexed, —mı kaybetmek to go out of -one’s mind. — ı kesmek hi to decide that (a plan) is feasible. — kethüdası someone who is always giving others advice. — kişiye sermayedir, proverb A person’s wisdom is his/her best resource. — ma koymak 1. /ı/ to make up one’s mind on (s.t.) and be adamant. 2. /i, in/ to convince (s.o.) of (s.t.).
 —  kutusu/kumkumasi colloq. a mine of wisdom (person). — olmayınca başta, ne kuruda biter ne yaşta, proverb (When there is no sense in the head it won’t sprout in dry ground or wet.) If a person has no sense nothing he/she tries will work. — olmayınca ne yapsın sakal? proverb (What can a beard do without wisdom?) Wisdom and age don’t necessarily go together, —mda olsun! colloq. Don’t forget! —mı oynatmak to go out of one’s head. — öğretmek /a/ to give (s.o.) advice. — para ile satılmaz. proverb (Brains are not sold for money.) Rich people aren’t necessarily smart. —Ian pazara çıkarmışlar, herkes yine kendi aklını almış/beğenmiş, proverb (Opinions were put up for sale, and everybody bought back his/her own.) Everybody prefers his/her own ideas, —mı peynir ekmekle yemek to lose one’s senses. — satmak /a/ to offer (s.o.) unsolicited advice, -ma sığdırama-mak hi for one’s reason not to accept (s.t.): Bunu aklıma sığdıramıyorum. My reason won’t accept this. — ma sığmamak Iml to be unable to swallow, be unable to believe (s.t.): Hiç aklıma sığmıyor. I just can’t swallow it. — sır ermemek /a/ (for s.t.) to be a mystery, be beyond comprehension: Oraya nasıl vardığına akıl sır ermiyor. How he got there is a mystery. — ı sıra as he/she sees it. —i sonradan gelmek to reverse a decision after it has been made, —mdan söküp atamamak III to be unable to get (s.t.) off one’s mind. — ma şaşayım/şaşarım, colloq. 1.1 am surprised at you. Don’t you have any brains? 2. I am surprised at him/her. Doesn’t he/she have any brains? —mı şaşırmak to lose one’s senses. — ı takılmak /a/ to be preoccupied, be obsessed (with).
 —ma takılmak Iml to stick in (one’s) mind and bother (one). — ma takmak hi to get (s.t.) in one’s mind and not let go of it, be
    obsessed with (s.t.). —mm terazisi bozulmak Iml to start to behave irrationally. — terelelli /da/ freakish, frivolous (person), —ına turp sıkayım! colloq. (Let me squeeze a radish on your brain.) What a fool you are! —da tutmak hi to bear (s.t.) in mind, —mm ucundan geçmemek (for s.t.) never to cross (s.o.’s) mind, never to occur to (s.o.). —a uygun believable, credible. — ma uymak Iml to conform to (s.o. else’s) (wrong/ improper) way of thinking. — var, izan/ mantık/yakm var. colloq. There is a logic to the situation ./It is clear if one thinks about it. — vermek /a/ to give (s.o.) advice, —a yakm reasonable, plausible. — yaşta değil, baştadır, proverb Intelligence doesn’t go by age. —i yatmak /a/ to be convinced (of), accept (s.t.) as right/true. — ma yelken etmek to follow one’s impulses. — ma yer etmek (for an idea) to find a niche in one’s mind; to become a part of one’s store of ideas. — yormak to think hard, rack one’s brains. — yürütmek to reason, use one’s reason to arrive at conclusions, —a zarar perplexing, very confusing. — zayıflığı mental deficiency. — ı zıvanadan çıkmak to go mad. —lara ziyan see akla zarar, —mdan zoru olmak to have something wrong with one’s mind.
âkılane (—.— .) obs. 1. wise, prudent (action).
    2. wisely, prudently.
akılcı 1. rationalistic, rationalist. 2. (a) rationalist.
akılcılık phil. rationalism.
akıldışı (./..) irrational.
akıldişi, -ni (./..) wisdom tooth.
akıllandırmak hi to cause (s.o.) to get his/her head screwed on right, cause (s.o.) to start behaving sensibly.
akıllanmak to get his/her head screwed on right, start behaving sensibly.
akıllı 1. reasonable, wise, intelligent. 2. prudent.
    3. clever. 4. colloq. smarty. — davranmak to act wisely. — düşman, akılsız dosttan hayırlıdır, proverb A wise enemy is better than a foolish friend. — düşününceye kadar deli çocuğunu/oğlunu everir, proverb (The crazy one gets his/her child married off while the wise one is still thinking about it.) A person who considers all sides before deciding something may lose to a person who makes quick decisions. — geçinmek to pass for a wise person. — köprü araymca-ya dek deli suyu geçer, proverb (While the sensible person looks for the bridge, the crazy one has crossed the water.) There are times when a person should decide and act.
    —  oğlan neyler ata malını, akılsız oğlan neyler ata malını? proverb Why should a bright boy need an inheritance? And what use is an inheritance to a stupid boy? — ol da, deli sansınlar, proverb Act wisely and don’t care if you are called a fool. — uslu
 akıllıca
 28
akimca
    sober-minded, wise, akıllıca (...'.) 1. intelligently, wisely, cleverly.
    2.    smart, intelligent, akıllılık 1. intelligence, cleverness. 2. an intelligent act. — etmek to act intelligently, do something smart, akılsız unreasonable, foolish. — başın cezasını/zahmetini ayak çeker, proverb (It is the feet that suffer for a foolish head.) 1. If you don’t use your head your feet do the work. 2. If the leader uses bad judgment his/ her followers suffer. — köpeği yol kocatır. proverb (A journey makes a stupid dog age fast.) Unless things are directed well they are inefficient. . akılsızlık 1. folly, foolishness. 2. a foolish act/ decision. — etmek to do something stupid, akım 1. current. 2. trend, movement. 3. rate of flow, volume. — çevirgeci power switch, —la (genel) uyuşturum med. electronarcosis. —la pıhtılaştırım med. electrocoagulation.
akımlı carrying an electric current, akımlık river bed, watercourse, akımtoplar (./..) storage battery, akm 1. rush, torrential flow. 2. raid. 3. run (of fish). 4. sudden rush (of people). — akın rushing and surging in crowds. — etmek /a/ 1. to surge into, rush into. 2. to attack, make a raid on. — yapmak sports to rush, akıncı 1. raider. 2. sports forward.
Akıncılar a mounted corps of the Ottoman army used as an advance guard and for raiding, akındırık prov. resin.
akıntı 1. current, flow. 2. path, flux, flow. 3. slope (given to s.t. to direct drainage flow).
    4. bot. flow (of sap from a pine tree). — çağanozu 1. a crab caught in the current. 2. colloq. a person with a bodily deformity. — demiri naut. kedge anchor. — ya kapılmak
    1. to be caught in a current. 2. colloq. to be carried away by a popular fad. — ya kürek çekmek colloq. to waste one’s efforts on an impossible task. — payı naut. leeway.
akıntılı 1. having a current. 2. sloped for drainage.
akmtısız still (water), akıölçer (./..) phys. flux meter, akış 1. flow, course. 2. flow, succession. — aşağı downstream. — yukarı upstream, akışkan phys. fluid, akışkanlaştırıcı liquefier; solvent, akışkanlaştırmak /ı/ to liquefy, akışkanlık fluidity, akıtaç med. drain, akitim med. drainage.
akıtma 1. letting (s.t.) flow. 2. pouring. 3. shedding (blood/tears). 4.prov. blaze (on a horse).
    5.    prov. a flat sweet fried pastry, akıtmak /ı/ 1. to let (s.t.) flow. 2. to pour. 3. to
    shed (blood/tears), akız prov. (a) flowing liquid, akibet, -ti (—..) see akıbet.
âkid (—.) obs., see âkit.
*akide (.—.) religious faith, creed. —yi bozmak to act contrary to the faith and practice of the community, —si bozuk loose in religious convictions.
?akide (.—.) a kind of hard candy. — şekeri a kind of hard candy, akik, -ki geol. agate, âkil (—.) obs., see âkil, akim (.—) obs. 1. sterile, barren, childless. 2. fruitless, unproductive, unsuccessful. — kalmak to fail, come to naught, akis, -ksi 1. reflection. 2. echo. 3. effect, reaction. 4. the opposite, the contrary: Tam aksini söyledi. He said exactly the opposite. Bunun aksini düşünelim. Let’s turn the situation around. 5. chem., math, inversion. 6. log. conversion. — uyandırmak to set off a reaction, arouse opposition (in the press, in public opinion), âkit (—.) obs. 1. (a) party to a contract. 2. con-voker, convocator, convocant (of a meeting), akit, -kdi 1. compact, treaty, agreement, contract. 2. marriage agreement, —in bozulması cancellation/violation of a contract, —ten doğan borçlar contractual obligations, akkan (/.) lymph. — göze biol. lymphocyte, lymph cell. — uru path, lymphoma, akkarınca (/...) zool. termite, white ant. akkarıncalar (/....) zool. Isoptera. akkavak (/..) bot. white poplar, silver poplar, abele, Populus alba. akkefal, -li (/..) zool. bleak, Alburnus. akkelebek (/...) zool. a white-winged bud moth, akkor (/.) incandescent, akkorluk (/..) incandescence, white heat, akkuyruk (/..) a tasty variety of tea with pale green leaves, aklama 1. acquittal. 2. clearance, a declaration freeing retiring officers of an association from further responsibility for their past actions when new officers are elected, aklamak hi 1. to acquit. 2. to clear (s.o.) of responsibility, aklan 1. slope, drainage area. 2. stream, watercourse.
aklanma 1. bleaching. 2. acquittal. 3. clearance (from responsibility), aklanmak 1. to be cleaned. 2. to be acquitted.
    3.    to be cleared of responsibility, aklaşmak 1. to turn white. 2. (for hair) to turn gray; to begin to gray, aklen (/.) by reason; from a rational standpoint.
akletmek (/..) /i/ obs. to think of (doing s.t.)
    (at the right time), aklı spotted with white. — karalı black and white.
                                                                         aklık 1. whiteness. 2. white speck. 3. a white liquid make-up formerly used on one’s face, akimca (./.) He/She thinks he’s/she’s ...; He/ She supposes that he’s/she’s ... (said dispar-agingly): Akimca kurnazlık yapıyor. He
aklıselim
 29
aksettirmek
    thinks he’s pulling a fast one. aklıselim (/...) common sense. —'sahibi sensible person, akli (.—) mental, rational. — maluliyet mental illness. — melekeler mental faculties. — muvazene mental balance, akliyat, -ti obs. knowledge reached by reason, akliye obs. 1. mental illnesses. 2. psychiatric ward (of a hospital). 3. phil. rationalism, akma 1. flowing, flow. 2. astr. a shooting star, meteor. 3. prov. resin, akmadde (/..) anat. white matter, akmak 1. to flow. 2. to leak, be leaky. 3. (for a faucet/for water) to run; to run down; to overflow. 4. slang to slip away, escape inconspicuously. 5. to come in great amounts/ crowds. 6. (for cloth) to wear out and fray. Akmasa da damlar, proverb (Even if it doesn’t flow, at least it drips.) It brings in at least a little money. Akacak kan damarda durmaz, proverb (Blood that is going to be shed won’t last forever in one’s veins.) You can’t escape fate, akan sular durmak to be indisputable, be beyond contradiction. Akan su yosun tutmaz, proverb (Flowing water has no moss.) A rolling stone gathers no moss./An active person gets even more effective.
akmantar (/..) bot. field mushroom, meadow mushroom, agaric, Agaricus campestris. akne acne.
akonit, -ti bot. aconite, Aconitum. akonitin aconitine.
akont, -tu installment, partial payment, akordeon 1. accordion. 2. accordion pleats. — kapı accordion door. — olmak slang (for cars) to collide and mash together, akordeoncu accordionist, akordiyon see akordeon, akordiyoncu see akordeoncu, akort 1. tune, condition of being tuned. 2. harmony (to a melody). — anahtarı tuning wrench. — u bozuk out of tune, —u bozuk orkestra gibi (of a social group) without a common purpose or a basis for acting to-. gether. — etmek hi to tune (a musical instrument), akortçu piano tuner, tuner, akortlu 1. in tune. 2. /a/ slang immune (to), akoz used in: — etmek slang to shut up. akozlamak hi slang to tell (s.t.) in secret, akörtü (/..) anat. aponeurosis, akpas (/.) bot. white rust, Albugo. akraba (..—) (a) relative; relatives. —nm akrabaya akrep etmez ettiğini, proverb Relatives hurt each other more than scorpions do. — ile ye iç, alışveriş etme, proverb Eat and drink with a relative, but don’t do business with him/her. akrabalık (..— .) kinship, relationship, akran equal, peer, match, akreditif 1. credit transmitted to another bank for an assignee. 2. letter notifying an as-
    signee of his/her credit account, letter of • credit. 3. letter of guarantee.
Akrep astr ol. Scorpio.
akrep 1. zool. scorpion, Scorpio. 2. hour hand (of a timepiece). 3. slang policeman, cop.
    —     gibi habitually unkind in speech, akrepler zool. Scorpionida.
akrilik 1. acrylic, pertaining to acrylic acid or its derivations. 2. (an) acrylic; acrylic plastic; acrylic fiber. 3. acrylic paint, akrobasi 1. acrobatics. 2. stunt flying, akrobat, -ti acrobat.
akrobatik acrobatic, pertaining to or suggestive of an acrobat or acrobatics.' akrobatlık 1. acrobatics. 2. stunt flying, akromatin achromatin.
akromatopsi path, achromatopsia, color blindness.
akromegalipath, acromegaly, akropol, -lü acropolis, akrostiş acrostic poem, aks axle.
aksak 1. lame, crippled. 2. flawed, faulty, defective. 3. classical Turk. mus. a rhythmic pattern. — eşekle yüksek dağa çıkılmaz. proverb (You can’t climb a high mountain with a broken-down donkey.) You can’t do a job right unless you have good equipment.
    —  semai classical Turk. mus. a rhythmic pattern.
aksakal (/..) elder in a community, aksaklık 1. lameness. 2. flaw, fault, defect; problem, difficulty; hitch; something that is not right (in a machine, an operation, etc.). 3. faultiness, defectiveness. aksam (.—) 1. parts. 2. mech. spare parts, aksama 1. disruption, delay. 2. problem, difficulty; hitch. 3. limp, limping, aksamak 1. (for s.t.) to be hampered/hindered/ disrupted/delayed/impeded. 2. to limp; (for a leg) to be lame/crippled, aksayanla aksak, suya gidenle susak colloq. (s.o.) who imitates whomever he/she is with, who goes along with the crowd, aksan accent, stress; style of pronunciation, aksata trade, commerce, buying and selling. — etmek to engage in trade, buy and sell, aksatmak /ı/ 1. to hamper/hinder/disrupt/delay/ impede. 2. to cause (s.o./an animal/a leg) to limp.
Aksayışark, -ki (.— ..) obs. the Far East, aksedir (/..) bot. arborvitae, white cedar, tree of life, Thuya occidentalis. akseptans 1. letter of acceptance (into a school outside Turkey). 2. com. acceptance, aksesuar 1. accessory; accessories. 2. theat. stage property, stage prop, prop; stage properties , stage props, props. aksesuarcı theat. property man, propman. aksetmek (/..) 1. to be reflected. 2. to echo. 3. /a/ (for news) to reach (a person). 4. /a/ (for light) to strike on. aksettirmek (/...) 1. hi to reflect. 2. hi to echo.
aksırık
 30
Akşamyıldızı
   3.  Iı, al to transmit, convey (news/information) to.
aksırık (a) sneeze. — tıksırık continual sneezing and coughing. —lı tıksırıklı colloq. sneezing and coughing, old and in bad health, aksırmak to sneeze, aksırtıcı sneeze-provoking, sternutatory, aksırtmak 111 to make (one) sneeze, aksi 1. opposite: Aksi istikamette yol açıktı. There was no traffic in the opposite lane. 2. peevish, irritable; perverse, contrary. 3. inopportune, untimely. 4. adverse, negative. 5. unfortunate (circumstance/situation). — aksi irritably. — delil counterproof. — gibi colloq. Wouldn’t you know it?/As if to spite me,...: Aksi gibi cebimde beş para kalmamıştı. But it was just my luck that I didn’t have so much as a penny on me. — gitmek (for things) to go wrong. — halde if not; otherwise. — ni iddia etmek to assert the contrary. — ni söylemek to say the opposite.
   —   şeytan! colloq. Damn! — takdirde otherwise. — tesadüf 1. colloq. As bad luck would have it,.... 2. unfortunate coincidence.
    —     tesir undesired reaction, opposite effect, aksilenmek see aksileşmek.
aksileşmek to have a fit of temper, aksilik 1. an unfortunate incident, misfortune, hitch. 2. crossness, obstinacy, peevishness.
   —   bu ya! colloq. I would have to ...!/As misfortune would have it, .../As bad luck would have it, ...: Fakat aksilik bu ya, o sırada öğretmen içeri girdi. The teacher would have to come at just that moment. — çıkmak to have a difficulty come up. — etmek to be obstinate, be stubborn; to raise difficulties. —i tutmak suddenly to get obstinate; to have a fit of obstinacy. —i üstünde in a bad mood, cross, peevish, grumpy.
aksine 1. on the contrary. 2. Iml contrary to, in opposition to. aksiseda (...—) echo, aksiyom axiom, aksiyomatik axiomatic.
                                  aksiyon 1. action. 2. presence of a force, a physical cause, or an idea. 3. presence of the will and acts of people. 4. theat. stage business. 5. lit. action, plot, development, akson biol. axon.
aksöğüt (.'..) bot. white willow, Salix alba. aksu (/.) path, cataract, aksungur (/..) zool. a white falcon, Falco. aksülamel (/...) obs. reaction, aksülümen (/...) chem. corrosive sublimate, bichloride of mercury, mercuric chloride, akşam 1. evening. 2. the sunset hour, the time of the first evening prayer. 3. in the evening. 4. last night, yesterday evening. 5. tonight, this evening, —a tonight, this evening. —dan 1. last night. 2. in the evening, —lari in the evening, evenings. — ahıra, sabah çayıra, colloq. He/She doesn’t do anything but eat and sleep. — akşam this
   time of the night, —dan akşama every evening. —i bulmak 1. to stay until evening. 2. to last until evening, —a doğru toward evening. —i etmek 1. to stay until evening. 2. to last until evening. — ezanında at sunset. — gazetesi evening paper. — Hacı Mehmet, sabah eskici Yahudi colloq. a trickster who sometimes passes himself off as a respectable person. — m hayrından sabahın şerri iyidir/yeğdir, proverb (The worst of the morning is better than the best of the evening.) Things are done better in the morning when one is fresh and rested, —lar hay rolsün. colloq. Good evening. — ise yat, sabah ise git. proverb If it is night go to bed and if it is morning be on your way. —in işini yarma/sabaha birakma/koyma. proverb Don’t put off this evening’s business till tomorrow, —dan kalma/kalmış having a hangover. — karanlığı dusk, nightfall. — kavil, sabah savul, colloq. (Acceptance in the evening and rejection in the morning.) He/She makes promises easily but then breaks them, —dan kavur, sabaha savur. colloq. (Cook it at night and use it up in the morning.) He/She uses up everything he/she gets. — namazı the sunset prayer.
   —   oldu kon, sabah oldu göç. proverb, see Akşam ise yat, sabah ise git. — sabah constantly, any old time, —a sabaha very soon, —dan sonra merhaba, colloq. You’re too late. Why didn’t you say it at the time? — şerifler hayrolsun. Good evening. — üstü/üzeri toward evening. — vakti about sunset time.
   —   yediğini sabaha unutmak to be very absentminded. — yemeği supper, dinner.
akşamcı 1. a person who follows a set routine every evening. 2. a person who habitually spends his/her evenings drinking. 3. person on evening duty. 4. night student, akşamgüneşi, -ni (./...) 1. the colors of sunset, pink and yellow. 2. yellow and pink. 3. the sunset years of one’s life, akşamki 1. (this/tomorrow/yesterday/that) evening’s. 2. -ni this/tomorrow/yesterday/that evening’s: Bu akşamki yemekler ne kadar iyiyse, dün akşamkiler o kadar berbattı. This evening’s food is as good as yesterday evening’s was awful, akşamlamak 1. to stay until evening. 2. /da/ to spend the evening (in a place). 3. (for the moon) to rise in the evening, akşamleyin (./..) in the evening, akşamlık 1. evening, for an evening. 2. enough for (one) evening. — sabahlık expecting (death/a birth/a crisis) at any moment, akşamlı sabahlı (../ ...) morning and evening, always.
akşamsafası, -ni (./.—.) bot., see akşamsefası, akşamsefası, -nı (./.—.) bot. four-o’clock, Mirabilis jalapa.
Akşamyıldızı, -nı (./...) astr. evening star, Venus.
 akşar
akşar see akşın, akşın 1. albinic. 2. albino, aktar seller of herbs and folk remedies and of small wares and notions, aktarıcı 1. one who repairs tile roofs. 2. volleyball passer.
aktarılmak 1. (for roof tiles) to be relaid. 2. to be transferred. 3. to be quoted. 4. to be translated.
aktarım 1. transfer. 2. mus. transposition. 3. quotation. 4. repair of a tile roof. 5. translation. 6. med. transplantation, aktariye (.—..) herbs; notions, variety goods, aktarlık 1. trade in herbs and notions. 2. which is sold in a variety store, aktarma 1. transfer. 2. transfer, change (of trains/buses/planes). 3. plowing a field for the first/second time, breaking new ground.
    4. quotation, the use of excerpts. 5. sports pass. 6. the repair of a tile roof, retiling. — bileti transfer ticket. — etmek III to transfer, transship. — treni connection train. — yapmak 1. to change (trains/buses/planes). 2. to transfer funds from one budget item to another.
aktarmacı 1. quoter, one who uses quotations.
    2.    eclecticist, aktarmacılık eclecticism.
aktarmak 1. /i, dan, a/ to transfer (s.t./s.o.) from (one place) to (another); to move (s.t.) from (one container) to (another). 2. /i/ to quote. 3. hi to translate. 4. /i/ to retile (a roof). 5. h! to plow (new ground). 6. hi to empty. 7. hi sports to pass. 8. hi mus. to transpose. 9. Ill med. to transplant, aktarmalı (route/ticket) which requires the passenger to change trains, ships, etc. aktarmasız through ticket; (route/ticket) which does not require the passenger to change trains, ships, etc. aktavşan (/..) zool. jerboa, Jaculus jaculus. aktif 1. active. 2. com. assets. 3. effective. — metot active method, aktinit chem. any member of the actinide series, aktinyum (./.) chem. actinium, aktivizm phil., pol. activism, aktör actor.
aktöre (/..) moral principles, ethical values, ethics (of a society), aktörecilik (/....) moralism. aktöredışı (/....) amoral.
aktöredışıcılık (/......) amoralism.
aktöreli (/...) moral, of good conduct, aktöresel (/...) moral, ethical, aktörlük 1. being an actor. 2. acting (as a profession). 3. acting, feigning, simulation, aktris actress.
aktutma (/..) path, albuminuria.
aktüalite 1. the news of the day. 2. newsreel.
    3.    currency, being of current interest, aktüel current, present-day. akunlaşmapath, amyloidosis.
akunsal amyloid. — yozlaşım path, amyloid
 31                                               *ala
    degeneration, akupunktur acupuncture, akustik 1. acoustics. 2. acoustic, acoustical, akut med. acute (illness), akuzatif gram., see aküzatif. akü see akümülatör, aküba bot. aucuba, Aucuba. akümülatör storage battery, car battery, aküzatif gram. 1. accusative, in the accusative case. 2. the accusative, the accusative case, akvam (.—) obs. peoples, nations, akvarel aquarelle, akvaryum (./.) aquarium, akyabalığı, -m (/....) zool. a large bonito. akyazi (/..) 1. luck, good luck. 2. acquittal paper.
akyazili (/...) lucky, fortunate, akyel (/.) south wind, akyem (/.) bait, fish used as bait, akyildiz (/..) luck, good luck, akyıldızlı (/...) lucky, fortunate, akyuvar (/..) biol. leukocyte, leucocyte, white blood cell. — azlığı leukopenia, leucopenia.
    —     çokluğu leukocytosis, leucocytosis. akzambak (/..) bot. Madonna lily, Lilium can-
    didum.
*al trick, deception. — ile aslan tutulur, güç ile sıçan/gücüğen tutulmaz. (Al aslan tutar, güç sıçan tutmaz.) proverb (You can capture a lion with guile, but you can’t catch even a mouse by force.) Brains will win over brawn. 2al 1. vermilion, flame scarlet, red. 2. bay (horse). 3. rouge. — al crimson. — ı al, moru mor colloq. flushed, purple in the face. — basmak hi to get puerperal fever.
    —  bayrak the Turkish flag. — elmaya taş atan çok olur, proverb (There are a lot of people who will throw stones at a red apple.) There are always those who will be jealous of a good thing and try to do it harm. — giyen alınır, proverb 1. (One who wears red is taken.) A girl who wears bright clothes has many suitors. 2. (One who wears red takes offense.) It’s the hurt dog that hollers. — giymedim ki almayım, colloq. (I haven’t worn red, so why should I be offended?) Why should I take offense since I have done no such thing? —lar giymek 1. to wear red. 2. colloq. to rejoice. — gömlek gizlenemez, proverb (You can’t hide a red shirt.) Some things can’t be hidden. — kanlara boyanmak 1. to die a bloody death. 2. to be wounded. — kiraz üstüne kar yağmış. colloq. (It has snowed on trees red with cherries.) Even very unlikely things sometimes happen. — sancak the Turkish flag.
    —  yanaklı ruddy-cheeked,
âlâ (-----) very good, excellent.
*ala 1. pied, variegated; speckled; spotted. 2. light brown. 3. zool. salmon trout, brown trout, Salmo trutta. — keçiyi gören içi dolu yağ sanır, proverb (A person who sees a spotted goat assumes that it is fat and
32
alafranga
    tasty.) Appearances can be deceiving. — keçi her vakit püsküllü oğlak doğurmaz. proverb (A spotted goat does not necessarily have a tasselled kid.) Even a valued thing does not always perform up to expectations. 2ala Come on! — ala hey! Heeeey! — ala hey
    1. hullabaloo, commotion, din. 2. noisy party; carouse, drunken revel. — alaya kalkmak to raise a commotion.
alabacak (./..) (horse) with white feet, alabalık (./..) zool. salmon trout, brown trout, Salmo trutta. alabanda (../.) 1. naut. sharp turn (to one side). 2. naut. (a) side of a ship. 3. naut. inner planking, ceiling (lining the inside of a ship). 4. naut. the guns on one side of a man-of-war. 5. naut. broadside, (a) discharge of the guns on one side of a ship. 6. slang severe scolding, bawling out, chewing out. —da naut. in the bulwarks. — ateş naut. broadside, (a) discharge of the guns on one side of a ship. — yı çekmek /a/ slang to give (s.o.) a bawling out, give (s.o.) a chewing out. — etmek naut. 1. to put the helm hard aport or hard astarboard. 2. to fire a broadside, broadside. A— iskele! naut. Hard aport! — iskele etmek to put the helm hard aport. A— sancak! naut. Hard astarboard! — sancak etmek naut. to put the helm hard astarboard. — vermek /a/ slang to bawl (s.o.) out, chew (s.o.) out. — yemek naut. (for a ship) to receive a broadside. — yı yemek slang to get a bawling out, get a chewing out. alabaş (..'.) bot. turnip radish, alabikprov. double-dealing, two-faced, alabildiğine 1. in the greatest possible way, to the utmost, to the limit; extremely; excessively, inordinately: alabildiğine güzel extremely beautiful. 2. endlessly; as far as the eye can see: alabildiğine çöl desert as far as the eye can see. alabildiğine uzaklara uzanan stretching endlessly into the distance. 3. as fast as possible: Arabayı alabildiğine sürmeye başladı. He began to drive as fast as possible, alabilirlik capacity.
alabora (../.) 1. naut. capsizal, capsize, upset.
    2. naut. hoisting (a sail/flag); crossing (yards). 3. naut. tossing (oars). 4. hauling in, hauling (a fishing net). — etmek /ı/ 1. naut. to capsize, upset, keel (a boat) over, overturn. 2. naut. to hoist (a sail/flag); to cross (yards). 3. naut. to toss (oars). 4. to haul in, haul (a fishing net). — olmak 1. naut. (for a boat) to capsize, keel over. 2. naut. (for a sail/flag) to be hoisted; (for yards) to be crossed. 3. naut. (for oars) to be tossed. 4. (for a fishing net) to be hauled in.
alaborina (.../.) naut. (sailing) close to the wind; off the wind. — seyretmek to sail before the wind; to sail off the wind, alabros (hair) cut in a crew cut; (hair) cut in
   a burr: Saçlarını alabros kestirdi. He got a crew cut. alabura (../.) see alabora, alaburina (.../.) naut., see alaborina. alaca 1. multi-colored, parti-colored; motley. 2. pied; piebald; skewbald; dappled. 3. freckle, fleck (on a fruit). — bulaca motley, parti -colored. — düşmek /a/ (for fruit) to become freckled/flecked: Üzümlere alaca düştü. The grapes have gotten freckled. — karanlık (morning/evening) twilight, dusk; gloaming, alacaağaçkakan (../....) zool. spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos major. alacabalıkçıl (../...) zool. squacco heron, Arde-ola ralloides. alacabaykuş (../..) zool. tawny owl, Strix aluco.
alacak 1. money owed to one, credit. 2. law claim, —la borç ödenmez, proverb, see Alacakla verecek ödenmez. — davası law personal action. — ı olmak /dan/ to have money owed to one (by). — ı olsun! colloq. I’ll make him/her pay for it!/I’ll show him/ her! — ım olsun da alakargada olsun. proverb (Let me have someone who owes me money, even if it be a jay.) It is satisfying to be a creditor, even if it means a fight. — senedi note, promise to pay. — ma şahin, vereceğine karga, colloq. (He/She is a hawk at collecting but a crow at paying.) He/She is anxious to collect but slow to pay. — verecek the relationship between people doing business with each other, —la verecek ödenmez, proverb A debt you owe can’t be paid by a debt owed to you. alacaklı 1. (one) to whom payment is due. 2. creditor. — bakiye credit balance, —lar heyeti board of creditors. — taraf credit side, alacalamak h/ to speckle, spot, blotch, mark with variegated colors, alacalanmak 1. to become multi-colored. 2. to become speckled/dappled. 3. to turn purple with rage/excitement, alacalı 1. multi-colored, parti-colored; motley. 2. pied; piebald; skewbald; dappled. — bu-lacali motley, parti-colored, alacamenekşe (../...) bot., see hercaimenekşe. alacık hut made of brushwood, aladoğan (./..) zool. peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus.
alafranga (../.) 1. European-style, done in the European manner; patterned on a European model. 2. (s.o.) who has adopted European manners; (s.o.) who is European in his/her behavior/outlook. 3. according to the European system of reckoning time, European time: Alafranga saat üçte oradayım. I’ll be there at three o’clock European time. 4. (doing s.t.) after the European manner. 5. s,o. who has adopted European ways (used disparagingly). —nm bebesi slang 1. milksop, mollycoddle. 2. greenhorn, s.o. who is still wet behind the ears. — müzik Euro-
alafrangalaşmak
 33
alaturkalaşmak
                                                                    pean music. — tuvalet European-style toilet, toilet with a bowl and a seat, alafrangalaşmak (../...) to acquire European manners/ways; to become European in one’s outlook, alafrangalık (../..) European manners/ways;
    (a) European outlook; Europeanism. alagarson 1. (woman’s hair) that is cut in a short, boyish style; (woman’s hair) cut in a bob, cut in an Eton crop. 2. (woman’s dress) which has a boyish look to it. 3. (a woman’s dressing) in a boyish way. alageyik (./..) zool. fallow deer, Dama vulgaris. alagiin (..'.) prov. cloudiness, cloudy weather, alaimisema (.—...—) obs. rainbow, alaka (.— .) 1. relation, relationship, connection; relevance. 2. romantic inclination (towards s.o.), romantic feeling (for s.o.). 3. interest, concern. 4. law lien, claim. — çekmek to attract attention. — duymak /a/ to be interested (in). — görmek to receive attention, be an object of concern. — göstermek /a/ to show interest in. — yı kesmek /la/ to break off relations (with). — toplamak to attract attention. — uyandırmak to arouse interest, —sı yok. colloq. It has nothing to do with it./It’s not relevant, alakadar (.— ..) 1. connected; concerned, involved. 2. interested. 3. (an) interested party; person directly concerned. — etmek /ı/
   1. to interest. 2. to concern, be the business of; to affect. — olmak /la/ 1. to show interest (in), be interested (in). 2. to be concerned (with). 3. to feel romantically inclined towards, feel a romantic inclination for (s.o.).
alakalandırmak (.— ....) /ı/1. to interest, arouse the interest of, draw the attention of. 2. to relate to, concern, pertain to, apply to. alakalanmak (.—...) /la/ 1. to show interest (in), be interested (in). 2. to feel romantically inclined towards, feel a romantic inclination for (s.o.). alakalı (.— ..) 1. /la/ pertaining to, related to, connected with, concerned with, relevant to, apropos of. 2. /la/ interested in. 3. interested, concerned, involved. 4. (s.o.) who has a share in or a concern with a business/ project, interested. 5. (an) interested party; person directly concerned. — makam/merci law (a) relevant authority; (a) competent authority. — şahıs (an) interested party. A— şahsa To whom it concerns (the salutation of a letter).
alakarga (./..) zool. European jay, Garrulus glandarius. —da alacağım olsun, alamazsam gözümü oysun, proverb (Let me be owed money by a jay; and if I can’t collect let it peck out my eyes.) It is satisfying to be a creditor even if it means a fight, alakart, -tı â la carte.
alakasız (.— ..) 1. uninterested, apathetic, indifferent. 2. irrelevant.
alakasızlık (.-—...) 1. uninterestedness, lack of interest, apathy, indifference. 2. irrelevance, alakok soft-boiled (egg), alakomak (./..) see alıkoymak, alakonmak (./..) see alikonmak. alakonulmak (./...) see alıkonulmak, alakoymak (./..) see alıkoymak, alalama camouflage, alalamak /ı/ to camouflage, alaman slang 1. Deutsche mark. 2. obs. ten-lira note.
alamana (../.) large fishing boat. — ağı seine, alamet, -ti (.—.) 1. sign, mark, symbol. 2. colloq. monstrous, enormous. — i farika trademark.
alaminüt, -tü 1. (dish) prepared in a minute.
    2. (prepared) to order, alan 1. open place, open field. 2. glade, forest meadow. 3. field (of knowledge/activity).
   4.  area. 5. (electric/magnetic/static/gravita-tional/optical) field. 6. arena; parade ground.
    —     araştırması field work, research on the field. — hızı the area per unit time swept by the ray uniting a moving point and a fixed point. — korkusu agoraphobia. — topu tennis ball. — ürküşü see alan korkusu, alan talan (./ ..) in utter confusion. — etmek hi 1. to make a mess (of). 2. to plunder. — olmak 1. to be messed up, be turned upside . down. 2. to be plundered, be sacked, alantopu, -nu (./..) tennis, alarga (./.) 1. open sea. 2. slang at a distance. A—! naut. Keep clear! — durmak slang to keep clear, stand back, —da durmak /dan/ slang to stay away (from), keep clear (of). — etmek 1. naut. to put out to sea. 2. slang to pull back, keep clear, clear out. —dan seyretmek slang to watch from a distance, alarm alarm, alarm signal. — işareti alarm signal. — tertibatı alarm system, alasulu (..'..) prov. half ripe, alaşağı etmek (/...) hi 1. to overthrow, depose.
    2. to seize and throw down, alaşım alloy.
alatav (./.) prov. moist (earth), alaturka (../.) 1. Turkish-style, done after the Turkish manner; patterned on a Turkish model; typically Turkish. 2. (s.o.) who is very Turkish in his/her manners/behavior/ outlook, typically Turkish. 3. according to the old Turkish system of reckoning time, Turkish time: Alaturka saat onda gel. Come at ten o’clock Turkish time. 4. (doing s.t.) after the Turkish manner. — müzik traditional Turkish music (as opposed to Turkish music composed according to Western musical concepts). — tuvalet Turkish-style toilet, toilet which lacks a bowl and a seat, alaturkacı (../..) 1. composer of traditional Turkish-style music. 2. lover of traditional Turkish music. 3. performer/singer of traditional Turkish music, alaturkalaşmak (../...) to become very Turkish
 alaturkalık
   in one’s ways/manners/outlook, become typically Turkish, alaturkalık (../..) Turkish manners/ways, (a) Turkish outlook; Turkishness. alavere (../.) 1. passing something from hand to hand. 2. moving things by passing them down a line of people. 3. gangplank used for passing cargo from hand to hand. 4. uproar and confusion. — dalavere dirty tricks.
   —   dalavere yapmak/çevirmek to play a dirty trick. — tulumbası suction pump.
alavereci (../..) stockjobber, speculator.
*alay 1. crowd participating in a parade or an outdoor meeting. 2. crowd. 3. all of (a group). 4. mil. regiment. — alay 1. in large crowds. 2. in troops, in companies. — beyi Ott. hist, commander of the gendarmes. — malay colloq. all together, the whole lot. — sancakları parade flags; dress flags, bunting. 2alay mockery, ridicule, teasing, —a almak hi to make fun (of), ridicule, laugh (at). — etmek /la/ to make fun (of), ridicule, mock.
   —   geçmek /la/ slang to make fun (of). — gibi gelmek /a/ to seem incredible (to). — m-da olmak Iml not to take (s.t.) seriously, to take (s.t.) as a joke.
alaybozan a kind of flintlock gun. alaycı mocking, derisive, alaycılık habitual sarcasm.
alayiş (------.) show, display, pomp.
alayişli (----..) very showy, pompous.
alayişsiz (-----..) devoid of show, unshowy.
Alaylı \ . formerly officer risen from the ranks.
   2.  person with a skill but without much education.
2alayli mocking. — alaylı mockingly, alaysı half-teasing, alaz flame, blaze, alaza see alaz.
alazlama 1. singeing. 2. prov. erythema, alazlamak hi to singe.
alazlanmak 1. to be singed. 2. prov. to come down with erythema, get red areas on the skin, alazlaşmak see alazlanmak.
Alb. (abbr.for Albay) 1. army, air force Col.
   (Colonel). 2. navy Capt. (Captain). albastı puerperal fever, childbed fever, albatr alabaster.
albatros (./.) zool. albatross (a bird), albay 1. army, airforce colonel. 2. navy captain, albaylık 1. army, air force colonelcy. 2. navy captaincy, albeni charm, attractiveness, allure, albino (./.) 1. albinic. 2. albino, albinos (./.) see albino, albüm album.
albümin albumin. — (işeme) hali path, albuminuria.
alçacık (/..) very low. — dağları ben yarattım demek to be very conceited, be very full of
   o.s. — eşeğe herkes biner .proverb (Everybody rides a donkey because it is low.) 1. Everybody takes advantage of a mild person.
 34                                         alçılamak
   2.    A person without power and prestige is easily exploited, alçak 1. low. 2. mean, low, lowdown. — basınç low pressure. — dağları ben yarattım demek see alçacık dağları ben yarattım demek. — eşek binmeye kolay, öksüz çocuk dövmeye kolay, proverb It is as easy to strike an orphan child as it is to ride a small donkey. — frekans low frequency (of sound waves). — herif colloq. scoundrel, swine. — kabartma bas-relief, low relief. — kavuşum astr. inferior conjunction. — ses 1. low voice. 2. low tone. — uçan yüce konar, yüce uçan alçak konar, proverb (The person who flies low lands high, but the one who flies high lands low.) A modest person earns the respect of others, but a boastful person is ignored. — yerde tepecik kendini dağ sanır. (— yerin tepeciği dağ görünür.) proverb (A small hill on a low plain imagines itself a mountain.) A person who shines in a limited circle tends to overestimate himself/herself. — yerde yatma sel alır, yüksek yerde yatma yel alır, proverb (Don’t sleep in a low spot or you will be swept away by a flood; but don’t sleep on a high spot or the wind will blow you away.) It is best to be inconspicuous in the middle of the crowd. — yer yiğidi hor gösterir. proverb (A low place does not show off a hero well.) An outstanding person of simple background is easily overlooked, alçakça 1. rather low. 2. (./.) viciously, shamefully.
alçakgönüllü (./...) humble, unpretentious, modest.
alçakgönüllülük (./....) humility, modesty, alçaklık 1. lowness. 2. shamefulness, vileness.
   —   etmek to behave viciously, do despicable things.
alçalma 1. decline, descent. 2. ebb tide. 3. degradation. 4. settling (of soil in a fill), alçalmak 1. to decline; to go down. 2. to lose esteem. 3. to descend, lose altitude, alçaltıcı degrading, humiliating, alçaltmak III 1. to lower, reduce. 2. to humiliate, abase, alçarak somewhat low.
alçı 1. gypsum plaster, plaster (as a powder or a solidified mass); plaster of Paris (as a powder or a solidified mass). 2. made of gypsum plaster, plaster; made of plaster of Paris, plaster of Paris. — kabartma (an) ornament made of gypsum plaster. — kabartmacılığı making ornamentation from gypsum plaster, decorative plastering. — kalıp plaster mold.
   —ya koymak hi to put (a limb) in a plaster cast. — sıva (wet) gypsum plaster, alçıcı 1. plasterer; person who makes ornamentation from gypsum plaster. 2. gypsum worker. 3. maker/seller of gypsum plaster, alçılamak hi 1. to smear/coat/fill (s.t.) with gypsum plaster. 2. to add gypsum plaster to.
 alçılı
alçılı 1. (limb) that has been set in a plaster cast. 2. coated/smeared with plaster. 3. gyp-siferous, gypseous, alçıtaşı, -m (./..) geol. native gypsum, plaster stone, aldaç trick, ruse, aldanç gullible, easily fooled, aldangaçprov. gullible, easily fooled, aldangıç 1. prov. pitfall, pit concealed with vegetation/sand (used as a trap). 2. (a) hidden danger, pitfall, trap; (a) deception, trick, aldanma deception, being deceived, aldanmak 1. /a/ to be deceived, be duped, be taken in (by). 2. to be wrong, be mistaken.
    3.    to bloom too early (because of an unseasonably warm spell in winter), aidatı illusion, deception, trick, aldatıcı deceptive, misleading, illusory, illusive, aldatılmak to be deceived, aldatma deception, deceiving, aldatmaca (a) deception, trick. — yok! colloq.
    No cheating! aldatmak /ı/ 1. to mislead. 2. to cheat, deceive, dupe. 3. to break a promise given to (another). 4. to mislead (s.o.) by appearance.
    5.    to satisfy (a need) falsely. 6. to be unfaithful (to), aldehit chem. aldehyde, aldı med. intake.
aldırış care, attention (used in negative expressions). — etmemek /a/ not to mind, not to pay any attention (to), aldırışsız indifferent, unheeding, aldırışsızlık indifference, aldırmak 1. /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) get (s.t.). 2. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) come (to). 3. hi to have (s.t.) surgically removed. 4. /a/ to mind, pay attention (to). Aldırma! colloq. Never mind!/ Don’t worry!/Take it easy! aldırmaz indifferent.
                                                                        aldırmazlık indifference, —tan gelmek to pay no attention, not to care, aldırtmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) sent out for (s.t.). 2. to arrange to have (s.o.) come (to), aledderecat (./..—) obs. 1. according to their degree of importance; according to their rank.
    2.    by degrees, by stages, aleddevam (..'..) obs. continually; continuously, alegori allegory, alegorik allegorical, allegoric, aleksi alexia, word blindness, alelacayip (./.—.) very peculiar, queer, odd. alelacele (./...) hastily, in great haste, in a big hurry.
                                                                        alelade (./•—.) 1. ordinary, usual. 2. of mediocre quality, mediocre, aleladelik (./—..) 1. ordinariness, usualness, normality. 2. mediocrity, alelamya (./.—) obs. blindly, without thinking, alelekser (./..) obs. often, frequently; usually;
    for the most part, alelfevr (./.) obs. suddenly, alelhesap (./..) obs. (paying s.o. money) on
 35                                                alet
   account.
alelhusus (./..) obs. in particular, especially, alelıtlak (./..) obs. absolutely, without exception: Alelıtlak konuşma! Don’t generalize! alelimya (./.—) obs., see alelamya. alelumum (./..) obs. in general, generally; all: Alelumum hurmalar için geçerli değil. It’s not true for all date palms, alelusul (,/..) obs. 1. (doing s.t.) as a matter of form. 2. (doing s.t.) according to the rules, in the prescribed manner, properly, âlem (—.) 1. world; universe. 2. class (of beings), realm. 3. state, condition. 4. field, sphere. 5. a world by itself. 6. people, the public. 7. orgy, drinking party with music, —in ağzı torba değil ki büzesin, colloq. (People’s mouths are not bags that you can draw with a string.) You cannot prevent people from gossiping. — e cellat lazım, benim neme lazım? colloq. (They need an executioner, but what is that to me?) Why should I do the hard task, why not someone else? —de itibar zenginle güzeledir. proverb It is the rich and the beautiful who are honored. (...) —i mi? /m/ colloq. What sense is there (in) ...?/Did (it) have to happen now?: Şimdi gece yarısı; şarkı söylemenin âlemi mi? It is midnight; what a time to start singing! — e talih, bize Kör Salih mi? colloq. (Everybody has luck; is our luck Blind Salih?) Why should I have all the bad luck? (...) —i var mi? /in/ colloq. Is (it) really proper? — yapmak to have a wild party. Ne —deşiniz? How are you getting on? alem 1. flag, banner. 2. metal device (a crescent or sometirties a star or tulip) on top of a minaret/a mosque dome/a flagstaff. 3. proper name, alemdar 1. hist, standard-bearer. 2. leader, âlemşümul, -lü (—..—) obs. worldwide, universal.
alenen (./.) publicly, in public, openly, overtly, alengirli slang handsome; showy, aleni (..—) 1. public, not secret or private, overt, open. 2. publicly, openly. — celse obs., law public hearing. — muhakeme obs., law public trial. — müzayede obs. public auction, aleniyet, -ti publicness, publicity, overtness, openness. — e vurmak hi to make (s .t.) public. alerji allergy, alerjik allergic.
alessabah (./..) obs. early in the morning, alesseher (./..) obs. at dawn, at daybreak, alesta (./.) ready (to), prepared (to). A—! 1. naut. Stand by!/Ready! 2. colloq. I’m ready!
   —      beklemek to be ready and waiting. — durmak to stand ready. — tiramola! naut. About ship!/Ready about! aleste (..'.) see alesta.
alet, -ti (—.) 1. tool, implement, instrument, device. 2. apparatus, machine. 3. instrument, means, agent. 4. anat. organ. — edevat tools, implements. — etmek h! to use (s.o.),
 alev
 36
 alın
   make a tool of. — işler, el övünür, proverb (The tool does the work but the hand is proud of it.) The real work is often done by people who don’t get the credit for it.
    — olmak /a/ to be an instrument (to), lend
   o.s. (to), act as a stooge (for), alev 1. flame. 2. pennant (on a lance). — alev with a lot of flames. — almak 1. to catch fire, blaze up. 2. to flare up in a passion. —ler içinde aflame, in flames. — lambası blowtorch. — saçağı sarmak colloq. to have a danger go beyond control.
Alevi (..—) 1. Islam Alevi, Alevi te (member of a religious group in Turkey that reveres the Caliph Ali). 2. Islam Alawi, Alawite, Alaouite (member of a religious group in Syria that reveres the Caliph Ali). 3. hist. Alid, partisan of the Caliph Ali.
Alevilik (..— .) Alevism, the beliefs and practices of the Alevis. alevlendirmek 111 1. to make (glowing coals) burn with a flame. 2. to exacerbate, incite, inflame.
alevlenme flaming up, blazing up. alevlenmek 1. to break out in flames, blaze up.
   2. to grow violent, flame up, flare up. 3. to glisten.
alevli 1. in flames, flaming. 2. furious, violent, aleyh opposed to, against (used only in the dative and the locative): Aleyhimizde olanlar çok. There are many who are opposed to us. Bu karar Asaf’m aleyhineydi. This decision went against Asaf. Sizden aleyhte değilim. I’m not against you. Bu makale onun için aleyhte olur. This article will hurt him. Aleyhte olanlar kazandı. The nays have it. —inde bulunmak Iml to say things against, speak unfavorably of (s.o.).
    —ine dönmek Iml 1. (for one person) to turn against (another). 2. (for events/a situation) to go against, —inde konuşmak Iml to say things against, speak unfavorably of (s.o.). —inde oy kullanmak Iml to vote against. —ine oy vermek /m/ to vote against, aleyhtar 1. opponent. 2. opposed, aleyhtarane (...—.) obs. oppositive, oppositious. aleyhtarlık opposition.
aleykümselam (./...) Peace be upon you (said in reply to the greeting selamünaleyküm). alfabe 1. alphabet. 2. primer. 3. the basic beginnings of some instruction, alfabetik alphabetic, alphabetical, alfenit a kind of nickel silver, alfons slang pimp, procurer, alg, -gi bot. alga, plant of the group Algae. algarina (../.) naut. 1. floating crane, crane barge. 2. bow crane; stern crane.
*algi ladle used for collecting raw opium.
2algi 1. the power of understanding. 2. sensation. 3. perception. 4. impression. 5. purchase, buying, algici perceptionist. algıcılık perceptionism.
algılama perception, comprehension, algılamak III to perceive, algilanabilirlik perceptibility, algılanmak to be perceived, algmprov. 1. lean, thin, sickly. 2. lovesick, algisiz lacking in perception, algler bot. 1. algae. 2. Algae. algoritma (../.) math, algorism, algorithm, alıcı 1. customer. 2. receiver, recipient. 3. (radio/telephone) receiver. 4. movie camera.
   —   bulmak (for s.t.) to sell, have a market, be in demand. — gözüyle bakmak to look carefully and with interest. — kılığına girmek to pretend to be a customer, act as if one wants to buy something. — kuş bird of prey. — kuşun ömrü az olur, proverb (A bird of prey has a short life.) A person who lives by violence dies by violence. — melek the Angel of Death. — verici 1. one who takes back a present he/she has given. 2. two-way radio. — yönetmeni/yönetmen cameraman.
alıç bot. azarole, Mediterranean medlar, Crataegus azarolus.
*alik clumsy, stupid. — alık stupidly. — alık bakmak to stare stupidly. — salık 1. stupid, dim-witted. 2. stupidly, dim-wittedly.
2alıkprov. 1. saddlecloth. 2. old clothes, rags, alıklaşmak to be astounded, alıklık stupidity, imbecility, alikonmak (./..) see alıkonulmak, alıkonulmak (./...) 1. to be seized and sequestered. 2. to be detained. 3. to be set aside as a reserve.
alıkoymak (./..) 1. /ı, a/ to hold (s.o.) in (a place) for a while. 2. /i, dan/ to keep/detain/ prevent (s.o.) from (doing s.t.). 3. Ill to set aside, reserve. 4. Ill to arrest, alım 1. a single act of taking. 2. purchase, buying. 3. attractiveness. — ederi cost price, inventory value. — satım business, trade.
   —      satım dönemi marketing season, alımcı collector, one who collects payments, alımlı attractive. — çalımlı colloq. attractive,
   eye-catching, alımlılık attractiveness, alımsız unattractive, alımsızlık unattractiveness, aim, -İm 1. forehead, brow. 2. mining face, —mda directly facing: güneşin alnında right in the sun, in the direct sun. —ı açık (—i açık, yüzü ak) blameless, having nothing to be ashamed of. —mm akı ile honorably, with no shadow of blame. — daman çatlamak to be altogether shameless. — daman çatlamış brazenfaced. — ı davul derisi unabashed, shameless. — derisi değil, davul derisi altogether shameless (person), —mm karayazısı his/her bad luck. — ini karışlarım. 1. I’ll show you (used as a threat). 2. I dare you. — ını karışlayayım. Iml colloq. He/She is no threat. — kemiği anat. frontal bone, —mdan öpmek hi to
alındı
 37
alkol
   kiss (s.o.) on the forehead (in admiration/ gratitude). — teri effort, work. — teri dökmek to work hard, struggle, do one’s utmost. — teriyle kazanmak hi to earn by hard work, —da yazılı olan (alna yazılan) başa gelir, proverb (What is written on one’s forehead will come to pass.) You can’t escape your fate. —mda/—ma yazılmış olmak to be one’s destiny, be one’s fate; to be preordained. — yazısı see almyazisi. alındı receipt, alındılı registered (mail), alıngan touchy, easily offended, alınganlık touchiness.
almkarasi, -ni (./...) black mark, shame, disgrace.
alınlık 1. arch, pediment. 2. prov. ornamented chain worn around the head. — tablası arch. tympanum.
alınmak 1. to be taken; to be received. 2. to be bought. 3. /a or dan/ to take offense (at), be offended (by), be hurt (by), almti quotation, quoted passage. — yapmak /dan/ to quote from, alıntılama the use of quotations. alıntılamak III to quote (a sentence, a passage, etc.); /i, dan/ to take (a quotation) from, almyazisi, -m (./...) one’s fate, destiny. — değişmez. proverb Nobody can avoid his/her fate.
alırlık psych, receptivity, alış 1. taking, receiving. 2. purchase, buying. — fiyatı purchase price, alışagelmek (../..) /a/ to be accustomed to. alışık /a/ accustomed (to), used (to), alışıklık 1. habit, force of habit. 2. skill, good training.
alışılmak /a/ to lose its novelty, become customary. alışıldığı gibi as usual, alışılmış usual, ordinary, alışım training course.
alışkanlık 1. force of habit. 2. habit. 3. familiarity (with a person), alışkı habit, practice, usage, alışkın /a/ used (to), accustomed (to). — düşük habitual abortion, alışma 1. habituation, becoming accustomed. 2.
   being broken in. alışmak 1. /a/ to get used (to); to become familiar (with). 2. /a/ to come to fit. 3. /a/ to make a habit (of), come to expect, become addicted (to). 4. to catch fire. Alışmış kudurmuştan beterdir, proverb Being addicted to something is worse than going mad. Alışmış kursak, bulamacını ister. proverb (The stomach has formed its habit; it wants its soup.) When a person has gotten used to something he/she is not happy to be deprived of it. alışman trainee, alıştın 1. training. 2. exercise, alıştırma 1. training. 2. breaking something in.
   3. exercise.
alıştırmak 1. /ı, a/ to train (s.o.) to do/accept (s.t.). 2. /i, a/ to allow (s.o.) to become addicted (to). 3. hi to make (s.t.) work smoothly, break (s.t.) in. 4. /i, a/ to make (a part) work smoothly with (another part). 5. hi to set (s.t.) on fire, alışveriş 1. business, trade, commerce; shopping. 2. dealings, relations. — e çıkmak to go shopping. — etmek 1. to shop. 2. /la/ to do business (with). —i kesmek /la/ to stop having anything to do with (s.o.). — i olmamak /la/ to avoid contact (with), not to have anything to do with.
âli (-----) high, exalted, sublime.
Ali a man’s name, Ali. —’nin külahını Veli’ye, Veli’nin külahını Ali’ye giydirmek colloq. to do business using the money one owes to others. — Veli colloq. Tom, Dick, and Harry, âlicenap (-------..) obs. noble-hearted, magnani-
   mous.
âlicenaplık (------...) obs. magnanimity.
alicengiz oyunu, -nu colloq. a dirty trick, alikıran başkesen colloq. bully, despot, alil obs. 1. permanently disabled. 2. (s.o.) who suffers from a chronic illness; (s.o.) who is an invalid. 3. sickly, puny. 4. blind, âlim (—.) 1. learned, wise. 2. scholar. — unutmuş, kalem unutmamış, proverb (The scholar forgot but the pen did not.) A thing is preserved only if it is written down, alim (.—) obs. all-knowing, omniscient, alimallah (./..) by God! (in affirming a conditional threat). âlimane (—.—.) (often used sarcastically) 1. learnedly, in a manner befitting a learned person. 2. learned (remarks/actions), âlimlik (—..) 1. erudition. 2. the position/rank of a scholar, alinazik (..—.) a dish made with eggplant puree and grilled meatballs. — kebabı see alinazik, aliterasyon lit. alliteration, alivre com. 1. forward (sale/dealing). 2. for future delivery, alizarin alizarin, alize (./.) trade wind, alkali chem. alkali, alkalik chem. alkaline, alkalimetre (.../.) see alkalölçer. alkaloit chem. alkaloid, alkalölçer (..'..) alkalimeter. alkarna (./.) trawl net, trawl, alkım rainbow.
alkış applause. — toplamak to be vigorously applauded, be acclaimed. — tufanı a flood of applause. — tutmak /a/ 1. to clap for. 2. to cheer.
alkışçı 1. applauder. 2. flatterer, —lar claque, alkışçılık fawning, flattery, alkışlamak hi to acclaim, applaud, clap for. alkil chem. alkyl.
alkol, -lü 1. alcohol. 2. alcoholic beverages, alcohol. — muayenesi breath test (for detect-
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 38
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   ing intoxication).
alkolik 1. (an) alcoholic, (a) dipsomaniac. 2. alcoholic, dipsomaniacal, addicted to alcohol.
   3. alcoholic, caused by or derived from alcohol. — mayalaşma alcoholic fermentation.
alkolizm alcoholism.
alkollü 1. alcoholic, intoxicating, spirituous. 2. intoxicated, drunk.
alkolölçer (./..) alcoholometer.
alkolsüz nonalcoholic.
Allah Allah, God. Allah! colloq. How wonderful !/Really! —ım! My God! —tan 1. luckily, fortunately. 2. from birth. — acism. May God have pity on him/her ./Only God can help him/ her. — acısını unutturmasın. May God spare you from a greater sorrow (said when one is subjected to a great loss!grief). — adamı man of God. — akıbetini hayır etsin, colloqsee Allah sonunu hayır etsin. — akıllar (akıl fikir) versin, colloq. Where is your good sense?/I am surprised at you/him/her.
   —ü âlem 1. probably. 2. maybe. 3. God knows. — Allah! 1. colloq. Goodness gracious !/How strange! 2. a Turkish battle cry.
   —  aratmasın. May God spare you from having to get along without what you now have (said when one is discontented). — artırsın. May God grant you prosperity. — aşkına! colloq. 1. For heaven’s sake ./I beg you.
   2. How wonderful! — bağışlasın. God bless him/her (a child, a loved one, etc.). — balmumu yakana balmumu, yağmumu yakana yağmumu verir, proverb (God gives beeswax to those who use beeswax candles and tallow to those who burn tallow.) People who spend a lot get a lot. — bana, ben de sana, colloq. (From God to me and then from me to you.) I’ll pay you my debt when I can get some money. — m belası 1. nuisance, pest. 2. pestiferous, pesky. — belanı versin/vermesin! colloq. God damn you! — belasını versin! colloq. Damn him/her! — beterinden esirgesin/saklasm. May God protect you/him/her from worse trouble. — bilir, colloq. Only God knows ./It’s hard to say. — bilir .... It seems to me .... — bilir, ama kul da sezer, proverb Only God knows, but a person can guess. — m bildiğini kuldan ne saklayayım? colloq. What’s the use of making a secret of it?,—m bildiği kuldan saklanamaz, proverb (What God knows cannot be hidden from man.) If a person is guilty of something his/her guilt will be discovered, —a bin şükür. Thank God. — m binasını yıkmak to commit murder/suicide. — bir! By the one God! —a bir can borcu var. colloq. (He/She doesn’t owe anything to God but his/her existence.) He/ She has nothing so he/she has no scruples. — bir dediğinden başka/gayri sözüne inanılmaz. colloq. (Nothing that he/she says can be believed except when he/she witnesses to the unity of God.) He/She is a ha-
   bitual liar. — bir kapı/kapıyı kaparsa bin kapı/kapıyı açar, proverb Whenever God closes one door, he opens a thousand. — bir, söz bir. colloq. (As God is one my word is one.) I give my word on it. — bir yastıkta kocatsın. (God grant that you pass your years on one pillow.) May you have a happy life together (said to a newly married couple). —tan bulmak to get one’s just deserts from God. —mdan bulsun, colloq. Let God punish him/her. — büyüktür. (God is great.) 1. Some day God will right the wrong that has been done to us. 2. God is sure to punish him/her some day for what he/she has done. — canını alsın/almasın! colloq. (May God take your/his/her life.) God damn you/him/her! — cezanı versin/ vermesin! colloq. (May God give you your punishment.) God damn you! — m cezası colloq. damn, damned. — çam isteyene çam, mum isteyene mum verir, proverb, see Allah balmumu yakana balmumu, yağmumu yakana yağmumu verir. — ı çok, insanı az bir yer a deserted place. — dağına göre kar verir (verir kışı), proverb (God sends snow to suit the mountain.) God sends no more trouble than a person can bear. — derim. colloq. All I can say is “O God.” — doğrunun yardımcısıdır, proverb God helps those who do what is right. — dokuzda verdiğini sekizde almaz, proverb (What God gives till nine he does not take at eight.) A person will surely live until his/ her time to die has come. — dört gözden ayırmasın. /ı/ (May God not separate him/her from four eyes.) May God save (this child) from being an orphan. — düşmanıma vermesin. colloq. I wouldn’t wish it on my worst enemy. — ecir sabır versin. May God give you/him/her patience (said in condolence). — eksik etmesin. May we not suffer his/her loss. I am very grateful for what he/she has done. — eksikliğini göstermesin. (May God not withhold it from us.) I am grateful for it anyway, —a emanet. May God protect him/her. —a emanet etmek /ı/ to leave the rest to God (said after sending off s.o. one has nurtured or a work one has prepared), —a emanet olun. (May God keep you safe.) Good-bye (said by the person leaving). — emeklerini eline vermesin. (May God not turn back your labors to you.) May you enjoy the fruit of your labor. — m emri, Peygamberin kavliyle according to the command of God and the word of the Prophet (said in asking a family for their daughter as a bride). — encamını hayır etsin, colloq., see Allah sonunu hayır etsin. — esirgesin! God forbid!
 —  etmesin! God forbid! — evi place of worship. —in evi the heart of man. — gani gani rahmet eylesin. May God have abundant mercy upon him/her (said for a dead
 Allah                                            39
 person), —m gazabı a scourge of God. — geçinden yersin. May God ordain it to be late (used when mentioning death). — göstermesin! colloq. God forbid! — gümüş kapıyı kaparsa altın kapıyı açar, proverb (If God closes a silver door he opens a gold one.) If one opportunity is lost a better one takes its place. — m günü every single day, every darn day (said in exasperation/impatience). — hakkı için in God’s name, —a havale etmek /i/ to leave (punishment/revenge) to God. — hayırlı etsin. May God turn it to good. — herkesin gönlüne göre versin. May God grant the wishes of everyone. —m hikmeti something incredible, something extraordinary, something miraculous. —m hikmeti! colloq. Incredible!/ Extraordinary!/God be praised!/It’s a miracle! — hoşnut olsun. God bless you (for your kindness to me). — ıslah etsin. May God mend his/her ways, —a ısmarladık. Good-bye (said by the person leaving). — için truly, to be fair. — imdat eylesin, colloq. May God help you. — inandırsın .... Believe me .... — insanın akimı alacağına canını alsın, proverb (It is better for God to take one’s life than for him to destroy one’s mind.) It is better to die than to lose one’s mind. — isterse if possible, if it works out right. — m işine bak! colloq. Now look what’s happened! — m işine karışılmaz. proverb (A person should not interfere in the business of God.) God knows best. — iyiliğini versin! colloq. God damn you! — m izniyle if possible, unless something comes up. — kabul etsin. May God find it acceptable (said of a generous/pious action), —a kalmak to be left to God. — kardeşi kardeş yaratmış, kesesini ayrı yaratmış, proverb (God created brothers/sisters, but each with his/her own purse.) A person should not presume a right to the money of others.
—   kavuştursun. May God unite you again (said to those remaining behind after another has departed on a journey). — kazadan beladan kor usun/esir gesin/saklasin. May God protect you from all evil. — kerim. (God is gracious.) It is in God’s hands./ There is nothing we can do. —tan kork! colloq. Stop that!/You should be ashamed! —tan korkmaz cruel, ruthless. — korusun!
God forbid! — m kulu anybody, a person.
—   kulundan geçmez, proverb (God does not pass over his servant.) God will help in time of trouble. — kulunu kısmeti ile yaratır. proverb (God creates a person’s luck when he creates the person.) Nobody will be left entirely without means. — kuru iftiradan saklasın, colloq. May God protect a person from false accusations. — layığını versin! colloq., see Allah müstahakım versin! — manda şifalığı versin, colloq. May God give him/her the strength of an ox
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(since he/she eats so much). — mübarek etsin. God bless you/him/her. — müstaha-kmı versin! colloq. (May God give you/ him/her your/his/her just deserts.) Damn you/ him/her! — ne muradın varsa versin. May God grant your every wish. — ne verdiyse 1. whatever God has given (modest expression in reference to the food one is serving a guest). 2. whatever money we can earn. —m ondurmadığını Peygamber sopa ile kovar, proverb (If God has not decreed that a person should be fortunate even the Prophet will drive him/her away with a stick.) Some people are just born unlucky.
 —  ömürler versin. May God give you a long life (used in greeting/thanking). — övmüş de yaratmış, colloq. (God approved and created her/him.) She/He is exquisitely beautiful. — rahatlık versin. (May God give you rest.) Good night. — rahmet eylesin. May God have mercy on him/her (said for a person who has died). — m rahmetine kavuşmak to die. — razı olsun. (May God be pleased.) Thank you. — rızası için 1. for God’s sake. 2. without expecting any reward. — sabır versin. May God give you patience. — sabırlı kulunu sever, proverb (God loves his patient servant.) Patience is a virtue. — sağ eli sol ele muhtaç etmesin. proverb (May God save one’s right hand from needing his/her left hand.) It is hard when a person has to depend on others for help. — saklasın! God forbid! — selamet versin. (May God give you well-being.) 1. May God protect you (on your journey). 2. May your troubles end (said to a traveler).
 3. God bless him/her (said of an absent friend/relative). 4. God bless him/her anyway (said when mentioning a person’s weakness). 5. Do as you like then ./Go if you want to. — seni inandırsın .... see Allah inandırsın .... — senden razı olsun. Thank you ./God bless you for what you have done. — sevdiğine dert verir, proverb God sends troubles to those he loves. — il —mı seversen for the love of God. — ını seven tutmasın, colloq. He/She was so mad! —tan sıska, ne yapsın muska? proverb (He/She was bom feeble; what use will he/she have for a magic charm?) 1. If a person is naturally incapable he/she can’t be made smart. 2. A weak organization can’t easily be made strong. — son gürlüğü versin. (May God bless him/her abundantly at the end.) May God keep him/her healthy and in his/her right mind in his/her old age. — sonunu hayır etsin, colloq. God grant that it works out well in the end. — şaşırtmasın. (May God not bewilder him/ her.) May God protect him/her from sin.
 —  a şükür! Thank God! — taksimi unequal division, distribution without regard to equity. — taksiratımızı affetsin. May
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almak
   God forgive us. — tamamına erdirsin.
   colloq. May God bring it to a happy conclusion. — uçamayan kuşa alçacık dal verir. proverb (God gives a low branch to the bird that can’t fly.) God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb. — unutturmasın, see Allah acısını unutturmasın. — utandırmasın. colloq. May God protect him/her from failure, —tan ümit/umut kesilmez. proverb (One never ceases to hope in God.) While there is life there is hope. —/—ı var to tell the truth. — vere de .... God grant (that) .../I hope (that) .... — vergisi innate, natural. — verince kimin oğlu, kimin kızı demez, proverb (God, when he gives to someone, does not ask whose son he is, or whose daughter she is.) God in his giving makes no distinction between persons. — verirse el getirir, sel getirir, yel getirir. proverb (If it is the will of God, strangers will bring wealth; the wind and the floods will bring wealth.) If God intends someone to be rich the wealth will come in unexpected ways. — vermesin, colloq. God forbid. — versin, colloq. 1. May God help you (said to a beggar when one does not give him/her anything). 2. I am glad things are going so well with you/him/her. —a yalvar. colloq. (Plead with God.) Don’t tell me. It’s your own fault. — yapısı (s.t.) natural, not manmade. — yarattı dememek to beat s.o. unmercifully. — yardım etsin/eylesin. May God help you/him/her. — yardımcın olsun.
   1. May God be your helper. 2. May God be your help. — yardımcısı olsun. God help him/her. He/She is in real trouble. — yazdı ise bozsun, colloq. (If God has written it let him change it.) If this is my fate may it be changedVI will never do what is being demanded of me. — “Yürü ya kulum,” demiş, colloq. (God said, “Go forward, my servant.”) 1. He/She certainly got rich fast.
   2. He/She has done very well in his/her work. — ziyade etsin. May God give you abundance (said by the guest after a meal).
Allahlık 1. harmless simple man, simpleton.
   2. left to God, unpredictable.
Allahsız 1. atheist. 2. merciless.
Allahsızlık atheism.
Allahuekber (.— ...) Islam God is most great./ God is almighty.
allak (.—) obs. 1. person who does not keep his/ her word. 2. (s.a.) who does not keep his/her word, who is not a man/a woman of his/her word.
allak bullak (./ ..) 1. confused, topsy-turvy. 2. in great confusion. — etmek /ı/ 1. to make a mess (of), upset. 2. to confuse, bewilder. — olmak 1. to turn into a mess, become a shambles. 2. to be confused, be bewildered.
allamak pullamak (../ ...) /i/ colloq. to decorate, deck out.
allame (.—.) 1. learned man, scholar. 2. learned.
allamelik (.—..) leamedness.
allasen (.—.) colloq. for the love of God.
allegretto (../.) mus. allegretto.
allegro (./.) mus. allegro.
                                                                        allem used in: — (etmek) kallem etmek colloq.
                                                                        to try all sorts of wiles (to get one’s own way). allı mixed with red, partly red; wearing red.
   —       pullu colorful and decked out with spangles, showily dressed, allık 1. redness, flame color. 2. rouge, almaç (telephone/radio) receiver, almak, -ır 1. h! to take. 2. /i/ to get. 3. hi to buy. 4. /i/ to receive; to accept. 5. /i/ to steal.
    6.  hi to marry (a girl). 7. /i/ to take, hold, be able to contain. 8. h! to take along. 9. /i/ to capture; to conquer. 10. /i/ to take (a bath/ medicine/a drink). 11. /i/ to catch (cold); to catch (fire). 12. Ill to take on, hire, employ.
    13. /i/ to remove, take away, pluck out. 14. hi to move. 15. hi to sweep, clean, dust. 16. /i/ to sense, smell, hear. 17. /i, a/ to put (s.t.) on, throw (a garment) over (o.s.). 18. /i, a/ to take (s.o./s.t.) into (one’s care/protection).
    19. /i, a/ to take (s.t.) as being (s.t.). 20. h! to take (water). 21. /i/ (for wind/flood) to carry away, destroy. 22. h! (for smoke/fear) to overwhelm, cover, sweep through. 23. hi to cover, travel (a distance). 24. /dan/ to take the attitude of. 25. /dan/ to shorten. 26. to begin all at once. Aldı.... (before a name, in folk literature) ... began to recite. Al Allah kulunu, zapteyle delini, colloq. (O God, catch your creature, restrain your madman.) He/She has jumped into this business without thinking where it would take him/her. Aldığı aptes ürküttüğü kurbağaya değmez. colloq. (The blessing of the ablution is not worth the fright of the frogs.) The gain is less than the loss. Al aptesini, ver pabucumu. colloq. (Give me my shoes and go about your own washing.) I don’t want your help any more. It’s enough if I haven’t lost by dealing with you. Al aşağı, vur yukarı.... with a lot of bargaining. Al benden de o kadar, colloq. 1.1 am as bad off as you. 2.1 agree. Al bir kürek, naut. Pull a stroke. Al birini vur ötekine/birine, colloq. (Pick up one and hit the other with him/her.) One is no better than the other. Al cevabını otur aşağı, colloq. (Take your answer and sit down.) Now you are answered. Aldı ele, girdi yola, colloq. (He/She took it in hand and started down the road.) He/She picked up the theme and kept harping on it. Aldı fitili, colloq. He/She flared up./He/She suddenly got mad. Al gülüm, ver gfilüm. colloq. (Take some, my darling. Give some, my darling.) 1. They are fluttering and fussing over each other. 2. You know how to take; now learn how to give. Al haberi, git kaban kaban, colloq. You have heard good news; now you will go away strutting. Almadığın hayvanı kuyruğundan tutma.
almamazlık
 41
 alt
   proverb (Don’t grab the tail of an animal you haven’t bought.) Don’t raise false hopes. Al kaşağıyı gir ahıra, yarası/yağın olan gocunur/gocunsun, proverb (Take the currycomb and go to the stable; the one with the saddle-gall will flinch.) When there is an investigation a guilty person betrays himself/herself by his/her anxiety. Al külahını, ey vallahi (da) içinde, colloq. (Take your cap back; my thanks are in it.) Thank you,for the help you have given, but I won’t need your help any more. Al malm iyisini, çekme kaygısını, proverb Buy the best and have no regrets. Alma mazlumun ahmı, çıkar aheste aheste, proverb Don’t provoke the curse of the oppressed: it will take effect sooner or later. Alan razı, satan razı, colloq. (The buyer is satisfied and so is the seller.) Since the two have agreed nobody else should interfere. Al sana. Hereî/Take it! Al sana bir (bela) daha. colloq. Here is another (trouble) for you. Almazsın satmazsın, pazarda işin ne? colloq. (You are neither buying nor selling, so what are you doing at the market?) Since you are not taking part in what is going on, why are you here? Almış satmış, çekmeceyi kapatmış. colloq. (He/She has done his/her buying and selling and has closed the cash drawer.) He/She has done all he/she can and now he/ she isn’t doing anything more. Al takke, ver külah .... colloq. 1. struggling, tumbling with one another. 2. with a great struggle. 3. becoming very intimate with each other, alıp vereceği olmamak 1. to be all square on the accounts. 2. /la/ to have no relations (with), alıp verememek /la/ to have a disagreement (with), alıp vermek 1. to have one’s heart beat wildly. 2. to turn over a matter in one’s mind, dwell on a matter. 3. /i/ to exchange, trade. Almadan vermek, Allaha mahsus/yaraşır. proverb Only God can give without having received. Aldı yürüdü, colloq. 1. He/ She has gotten rich quickly. 2. He/She has become famous in a short time. 3. It progressed well ./It prospered and grew, alıp yürümek to make headway.
almamazlık (/...) refusal, rejection. — etmek to refuse s.t., reject s.t.
Alman 1. (a) German. 2. German, of or from Germany. 3. German, pertaining to the German language. — usulü going Dutch, each person’s paying his/her share: Alman usulü ödeyelim. Let’s go Dutch.
almanak almanac.
Almanca (./.) 1. German, the German language. 2. (speaking/writing) in German, German. 3. German (speech/writing); spoken in German; written in German.
Almancı colloq. Turk who works in Germany.
almangümüşü, -nü (./...) German silver, albata.
almanpapatyasi, -ni (./....) 1. bot. chamomile, camomile, Anthemis nobilis. 2. anthemis,
   the dried flower heads of a common chamomile.
Almanya (./.) 1. Germany. 2. German, of Germany.
                                                                       Almanyali (./..) 1. (a) native of Germany; (a) German citizen. 2. (s.o.) who is a native of Germany; (s.o.) who is a German citizen, almaş 1. alternation. 2. a pair of mutually contradictory statements, almaşık 1. used by taking turns. 2. alternate.
    3.    meshed; intertwined. — yapraklar bot. alternate leaves, alnaç 1. front, the side facing the onlooker. 2. façade.
alo (/.) Hello! (used only when answering the telephone). alopati allopathy, alotropi allotropy. alp, -pi 1. hero. 2. brave, heroic, alpaka (./.) 1. zool. alpaca, Lama. 2. alpaca cloth.
Alp Dağları, -m the Alps.
Alpler see Alp Dağları, alplık bravery, heroism.
alpyıldızı, -m (.'...) bot. edelweiss, Leontopo-dium alpinum. alşimi alchemy, alşimist, -ti alchemist.
alt, -ti 1. bottom. 2. buttocks, rump, bottom. 3. the space beneath. 4. continuation, the rest.
    5. the farther. 6. the lower. 7. (with a personal suffix and a case ending) under, beneath, below, —i alay, üstü kalay gaudy, showy, tawdry. — ma almak hi wrestling to throw (one’s opponent) down, —tan almak to be gentle with s.o. who is speaking harshly. — alta one under the other, —tan alta secretively. — alta üst üste rough-and -tumble, —mdan çapanoğlu çıkmak to have a troublesome complication appear, —mı çizmek Iml to underline, emphasize, —tan dağıtım water system relying on city water pressure, without an attic tank. — değirmen güçlü akar, proverb (The downstream mill is powerful.) An organization with a long past is productive. — dudak lower lip. — etmek hi to beat, overwhelm.
    —ma etmek to soil/wet one’s clothes/bed. —mdan girip üstünden çıkmak /m/ to squander, spend (a fortune) recklessly, —tan güreşmek to look for a way of winning while pretending to lose. — hava-yuvari troposphere, —mı ıslatmak to wet one’s underclothes/bed. — ma kaçırmak to wet/soil one’s clothes a little. — ta kalanın cam çıksın, colloq. (May the bottom one die.) The devil take the hindmost, —mdan kalkamamak Iml 1. to be unable to carry (s.t.) through to completion. 2. not to be able to protect o.s. (from a difficulty). — m-dan kalkmak Iml to carry out (s.t.) successfully. —mda kalmak Iml 1. to have no retort (to another’s statement), be unable to
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    reply. 2. to remain under (an obligation).
    —ta kalmak to lose, be defeated, —mda kalmamak Iml 1. not to leave (a kindness) unrepaid. 2. to get even (for). — kasa print, lower case. — kat 1. the floor below.
    2. first floor, ground floor. —ı kaval, üstü şişhane odd-looking, having an outlandish look, —mdan ne çıkacak bilinmez, colloq.
    The outcome is uncertain. — olmak to be beaten, be overcome. — tarafı 1. the lower part; the underside. 2. remainder, the rest.
    3. the outcome. 4. all that is involved (is only): Niçin bu kadar üzülüyorsun? Alt tarafı iki milyon lira. Why are you making such a fuss? It’s only a matter of two million liras. — mı üstüne getirmek Iml 1. to upset, turn upside down, confuse. 2. to search. — yam see alt tarafı. — yanı çıkmaz sokak, colloq. This business is a blind alley. — yanı kiraz bahçesi, colloq. (The remainder is a cherry garden.) What is left to do is duck soup. — ma yapmak to soil one’s bed/clothes. — ı yaş olmak Iml (for a piece of business) not to be on a sound basis.
alt- prefix under-, sub-; lower .... altakinti (/...) undercurrent, altbilinç (/..) the subconscious, altcins (/.) biol. subgenus, altçene (/..) anat. the lower jaw. — kemiği jaw, mandible, altderi (/..) 1. anat. corium, dermis, derma. 2.
    bot. hypodermis, hypoderma, hypoderm. altdizin (/..) comp, subdirectory, alternatif 1. alternative. 2. alternate. — akım elec. alternating current, alternator generator, alternator, altes his/her highness, altfamilya (/...) biol. subfamily, altgeçit (/..) underpass.
altı six. — aylık seyisliği var, kırk yıllık fışkı (at boku) karıştırır/eşeler, colloq. (He has been a groom for six months and has stirred up a forty-year pile of manure.) He is new to the job but he is acting big and upsetting everything. — kapıya almak hi slang to have complete control of (s.o.). — karış beberuhi colloq. shorty. — okka etmek hi to carry (s.o.) by having people lift his/her arms and legs. — olur, yedi olur, hep Allahın dediği olur, proverb (It could be six, it could be seven; it will be whatever God decides.) Everything depends on the will of God. —dan yemek normal hospital diet.
altıgen geom. 1. hexagon. 2. hexagonal, altık log. subalternate.
Altıkardeş (./..) astr. Cassiopeia, altiklik log. subalternation, altılı 1. (s.t.) which contains or consists of six things/parts; sextuple, sexpartite. 2. playing cards six. 3. sestet, sextet, sextette, altılık 1. (s.t.) designed to hold six things. 2.
    (s.t.) weighing six grams/kilos.
                                                                                                      altınbaş
                                                                  altm 1. gold. 2. gold coin. 3. golden. — adını bakır etmek to disgrace o.s. — anahtar her
   kapıyı açar, proverb (A golden key opens all doors.) Money talks. — ateşte, insan mihnette belli olur, proverb As gold is tested by fire, so man is tested by suffering. — babası moneybags. — beşik chair carry (with clasped hands). — bilezik a skill one can use to support o.s. — çağı golden age. — eli bıçak kesmez, proverb (A knife can’t cut a gold hand.) 1. A person with a skill can earn a living even in hard times.
   2.  It is hard to make a rich person do what you want. — eşik gümüş eşiğe muhtaç olur, proverb (The gold threshold has need of the silver threshold.) A person who is prosperous now may lose everything and need help from people he/she now looks down on. — m kadrini sarraf bilir, proverby see Altının kıymetini sarraf bilir. — kakma 1. design of inlaid golden wire. 2. inlaid with gold. — kambiyo standardı fin. gold-exchange standard. — kaplama 1. gold-plating. 2. gold-plated. — kaydı see altm şartı. — keseği gold nugget. — kesmek to make a lot of money, —in kıymetini sarraf bilir, proverb (The money changer knows the worth of gold.) It takes an expert to appreciate true worth. — külçe standardı fin. gold bullion standard. — leğene kan kusmak to live in misery in spite of great wealth. — leğenin kan kusana ne faydası var? proverb (What is the use of a gold basin to a person coughing up blood?) Money doesn’t always help. — ödemeli tahvil fin. gold bond. — pas tutmaz, (deli yas tutmaz), proverb (Gold does not rust.) A good character cannot be harmed by slander, —in prim yapması fin. gold premium. — rezervi fin. gold reserve. — sarısı golden blond. — standardı fin. gold standard. — şartı fin. gold clause. — tahvilleri fin. gold bonds. — topu gibi like a golden ball (said for a pretty and chubby baby). — tutsa, toprak olur, colloq. If he/ she touches gold it turns into clay. — varak gold leaf, —a yapışsa elinde bakır kesilir, colloq. If he/she picks up gold it turns into copper. — yaprak gold leaf.
   —   yere düşmekle pul olmaz, proverb (Gold does not become small change when it falls to the ground.) If a person is truly valuable he/she does not lose his/her value when he/she loses his/her place. — yerde paslanmaz, taş yağmurdan ıslanmaz. proverb (Gold does not rust on the ground, and rocks don’t get soaked in the rain.) People and things of high quality do not change with adversity. — yıldönümü golden anniversary, golden wedding. yumurtlayan tavuk 1. person with a generous income. 2. tourist with money to spend.
                                                                  altınbaş (./.) 1. gold-headed. 2. bot. musk-
 altıncı
 43
aman
   melon, cantaloupe, Cucumis melo. — kefal zool. golden mullet, Mugil auratus. altıncı 1. sixth, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is sixth in a countable series. 2. sixth, in the sixth place. Altın Kıyısı, -m see Altm Sahili, altmkökü, -nü (./..) 1. bot. ipecac, Cephaelis ipecacuanha. 2. ipecac root, altınoluk (./..) 1. embroidered pantaloons for women. 2. a bright striped silk cloth embroidered with gold threads. 3. a band of gold -embroidered cloth wrapped around a turban.
   4.     golden gutter (on the roof of the Kaaba). Altmordu (./..) hist, the Golden Horde.
Altm Sahili, -ni (.. —..) the Gold Coast, altmsuyu, -nu (./..) aqua regia, altıntop, -pu (./.) 1. grapefruit. 2. bot. grapefruit tree, Citrus paradisi. altıparmak (./..) 1. six-fingered; having six toes. 2. zool. a large bonito. 3. cloth with stripes in six colors.
Altıpatlar slang shoe with a hole in the sole. 2altipatlar (..'..) six-shooter, revolver, altışar six each, six apiece, altız 1. (a) sextuplet. 2. (s.o.) who is a sextuplet. altkarşıt, -ti (/..) log. subcontrary, altkurul (/..) subcommittee, altkültür (/..) subculture, altlamak hi log. to.subsume, altlı including a bottom piece. — üstlü 1. two -piece. 2. (living) in the same building with one family on the lower floor and another upstairs.
altlık 1. support, base. 2. pad, coaster, altmış sixty.
altmışaltı sixty-six (a card game). —ya bağlamak hi slang 1. to put (s.o.) off with empty promises. 2. to pretend to have solved (a matter).
altmışar sixty each, sixty apiece, altmışdörtlük mus. sixty-fourth note, altmışıncı 1. sixtieth, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is sixtieth in a countable series. 2. sixtieth, in the sixtieth place, altmışlık 1. (s.t.) designed to hold sixty things.
   2. (s.o.) who has reached or is past the age of sixty, who is in his/her sixties, sexagenarian. 3. (s.t.) worth sixty liras. 4. (s.t.) weighing sixty grams/kilos. 5. (a) sexagenarian.
alto (/.) mus. 1. viola. 2. alto saxophone. 3. alto.
altprogram (/..) comp, subprogram, altsınıf (/..) biol. subclass, altşube (/—-.) biol. subbranch, alttakim (/..) biol. suborder, altulaşım (/...) underground transportation, subway system, metro. — taşıtı subway train.
altuni (.-----) gold-colored, golden.
altutar (/..) biol. eosinophilic, eosinophilous.
   —      göze biol. eosinophile. — (göze) artımı path, eosinophilia. altüst, -tü upside down, topsy-turvy, in utter confusion. — böreği a layered pastry that
    is turned over while cooking. — etmek hi 1. to upset, turn (s.t.) upside down, mess up. 2. to damage, wreck, ruin. — olmak 1. to be disordered, be in a mess. 2. to be ruined, be wrecked. 3. (for one’s stomach, plans, etc.) to be upset.
altyapı (/..) 1. substructure. 2. infrastructure, altyapısal (/...) 1. substructural. 2. infrastructural.
altyazı (/..) cin. subtitle.
alüfte (—..) obs. 1. promiscuous (woman). 2.
    prostitute, alümin chem. alumina, alumin. alüminyum 1. chem. aluminum, Brit, aluminium. 2. aluminum, made of aluminum, alüvyon alluvium, alyans wedding ring, alyon slang very rich.
alyuvar (/..) biol. erythrocyte, red blood cell.
    —  artımı path, polycythemia. — denksizliği path, anisocytosis. — yapımı biol. erythro-poiesis.
am vulg. female genital organ, *cunt. âmâ (-------) blind.
ama (/.) 1. but, yet, still. 2. above all; absolutely. 3. really, truly, —sı var. /in/ There are drawbacks (to this) that have not been explained.
amaç aim, goal, objective. — edinmek hi to take (s.t.) as a goal. — gütmek to pursue a goal. — ma ulaşmak to achieve one’s goal, amaçlamak hi to aim (at), intend, purpose, amaçlı having a goal; having a (specified) goal, amaçlılık intentionality. amaçsız without a goal, purposeless, amaçsızlık absence of a goal.
amade (---------.) /a/ ready, prepared (for).
âmâl, -li (-----) obs. hopes, aspirations, expec-
    tations.
amal, -li (.—) obs. acts, actions; operations; deeds. — i rüsül Christ, the Acts of the Apostles (in the Bible).
âmâlık (--------.) blindness.
aman mercy. A—! 1. (.—) Oof!/God!/Lord!/ Lord help us! (indicating disgust/anger). 2. Please!/For goodness sake! 3. My! (indicating great approbation). — Allah!/— Allahım!
    1. God!/God have mercy! (indicating fear/ amazement). 2. Oh Lord!/Oh God!/Lord help us! (indicating disgust/displeasure). — aman (bir şey) olmamak not to be anything special. — bulmak to escape, be saved. — dedirtmek /a/ to make (s.o.) give up, make (s.o.) yield. — demek to ask for mercy; to surrender. — derim! colloq. Don’t you do it!/Beware of doing such a thing! — dilemek /dan/ to ask (s.o.) for mercy. — diyene kılıç kalkmaz, proverb No sword is raised against one who surrenders. — gayret! Keep on!/Hold on! —a gelmek to give up and submit, —a getirmek hi to make (s.o.) give up, make (s.o.) yield. — ı kesilmek 1. to be too weak to plead for mercy. 2. to have no-
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 44
Amerikan
    body to turn to for help. — vermek /a/ to grant (s.o.) his/her life, spare (s.o.’s) life. — vermemek /a/ 1. not to give (s.o.) a chance.
    2.    to kill (s.o.) without compunction. — zaman a plea for mercy. — zaman bilmemek/dinlememek to be implacable, refuse all pleas. — zaman vermemek /a/ to beat (s.o.) without mercy. — i zamanı yok. colloq. There is no trying to get out of it; you must, amanm colloq. Oh my !/What now! amansız 1. merciless. 2. inexorable, cruel. 3. cruel, unsparing, ruthless (disease). — hastalık colloq. cancer. — taraftan yakalamak hi to attack (s.o.) at his/her weak point, amansızca (../.) 1. mercilessly, implacably. 2.
    merciless, implacable.
Amasya (./.) Amasya (in Anatolia). —’nm bardağı, biri olmazsa biri/bir daha, colloq. (It’s just a glass from Amasya; if not this one then another.) He/She is not the only one who can do what we need, amatör amateur.
amatörlük being an amateur; amateurism, amazon 1. amazon. 2. equestrienne, ambalaj 1. packing. 2. package. — kâğıdı wrapping paper. — yapmak to make packages, wrap things, ambalajcı packer, ambalajlamak hi to pack, wrap up. ambale used, in: — etmek hi 1. to race (a motor). 2. to cause (s.o.) to be unable to think straight. — olmak 1. (for a motor) to be raced. 2. (for s.o.) to be fit for nothing, be unable to think straight (because of overdoing s.t.).
ambar 1. granary; grain bin; grain cellar. 2. warehouse. 3. express company, trucking firm. 4. hold (of a ship). 5. a bottomless wooden box for measuring sand/stones, usually 75 cm. on a side. — ağzı naut. hatchway, —da duran sıçan aç kalmaz. proverb (The rat in the granary does not go hungry.) The one who handles something valuable gets his/her share. — faresi colloq. fat person. — kapağı naut. hatch, hatch cover. — memuru storekeeper, warehouse official.
ambarcı 1. storekeeper, warehouse official. 2.
    trucker, express agent, ambargo (./.) embargo. —yu kaldırmak to lift the embargo. — koymak /a/ to impose an embargo (on), amber 1. ambergris. 2. scent, perfume, fragrance.
amberağacı, -m (./...) bot. wood avens, herb bennet, Geum urbanum. amberbalığı, -nı (./...) zool. sperm whale, cachalot, Phys eter catodon. amberbaris bot. barberry, Berberis vulgaris. amberbu (..—) bot. Indian rice, wild rice, Zizania latifolia. amberçiçeği, -ni (./...) the flower of wood avens.
amboli path, embolism, ambülans ambulance.
amca (/.) 1. (paternal) uncle. 2. sir (a familiar but polite form of address to an older man).
   —     baba yarısı, proverb An uncle is half a father. — m dayım, hepsinden/herkesten aldım payım, proverb (I have gotten my share from my father’s brother and from my mother’s brother and all of them.) 1. I have suffered enough from relatives. 2. One should not be dependent on anybody, even relatives. — kızı daughter of one’s father’s brother, cousin. — oğlu son of one’s father’s brother, cousin, amcalık (/..) 1. unclehood. 2. step uncle. — etmek /a/ to be avuncular (toward), act like an uncle.
amcazade (..— .) child of one’s father’s brother, cousin.
amel 1. the performance of one’s religious duty. 2. act, action, work, deed. 3. practice, performance. 4. diarrhea. — etmek to act, proceed, conduct o.s.: Bu kaidelere göre amel edeceksiniz. You’ll act according to these rules. — olmak to have diarrhea, amele worker, workman, ameli (..—) practical, applied, amelimanda (.../.) obs. incapable of work, disabled, retired, ameliyat, -ti 1. application, performance, practice. 2. surgical operation. 3. slang third degree. — etmek hi to operate (on). — masası operating table. — olmak to be operated on, have an operation, ameliyathane (....—.) operating room (in a hospital).
ameliye process, procedure, operation, amenajman 1. forest management, forestry. 2.
   management (of natural resources), amenna ( —.—) 1. (in creeds) we believe. 2. admitted, agreed (but...). amenore path, amenorrhea, amentü (—..) (in creeds) I believe, amer bitters, a drink made with bitters. Amerika (../.) 1. America. 2. American, of America. — Birleşik Devletleri the United States of America, amerika (../.) slang rich, rolling in money, amerikaarmudu, -nu (../....) bot. avocado, Per sea americana. amerikabademi, -ni (../.—..) bot. 1. storax tree, Styrax officinalis. 2. liquidambar, Liquidambar orientalis. amerikaelmasi, -ni (../....) bot. cashew, Ana-cardium occidentale.
Amerikalı (../..) 1. (an) American. 2. American (person).
Amerikan American. — bar bar (where drinks are served). — İngilizcesi 1. American English, the English language as used in the U.S.A. 2. (speaking/writing) in American English, American English. 3. American English (speech/writing); spoken in Ameri-
amerikan
45
   can English; written in American English.
   —  pazarı a shop selling imported/smuggled goods.
amerikan unbleached muslin, amerikanbezi, -ni (.../..) unbleached muslin. Amerikanca (.../.) colloq., see Amerikan İngilizcesi.
amerikansığırı, -m (.../...) zool. moose, Alces americana.
Amerikanvari (....------) in an American fash-
   ion.
amerikapiresi, -ni (../....) zool. a chigger, Tunga penetrans. amerikatavşanı, -m (../....) zool. chinchilla, Chinchilla laniger. amerikaüzümü, -nü (../....) bot. pokeweed, Phytolacca americana. amerikyum (../.) chem. americium, amet (—.) slang 1. anus. 2. behind, buttocks, ass.
ametal, -li (/..) nonmetal.
ametçi (—..) slang sodomite, pederast, fairy.
ametist, -ti geol. amethyst.
amfi (/.) 1. lecture room, amphitheater. 2.
                                 natural amphitheater, bowl-shaped hillside, amfibi 1. (an) amphibian, amphibious animal, airplane, or other vehicle. 2. amphibious, amfibol, -lü geol. amphibole. amfiteatr (../.) 1. natural amphitheater, bowl -shaped hillside. 2. lecture room, amphitheater.
amfor see amfora, amfora (./.) amphora, amigo (./.) cheerleader, amigoluk (./..) cheerleading. amik, -ki (.—) obs. deep, amil (—.) obs. factor, agent, motive, reason, cause, âmin (—.) amen, amin chem. amine, amin, aminoasit chem. amino acid, amip amoeba, ameba.
amipli 1. infested with amoebae. 2. amoebic, amebic. — dizanteri path, amoebic dysentery.
amir (—.) 1. superior, chief; chief administrator; commander. 2. commanding, masterful.
   —i adli obs., mil. president of a court-martial.
   —  hüküm obs., law mandatory provision.
   —i ita obs., law paymaster. —i mücbir obs.,
■ law extortioner, amiral, -li navy admiral, amirallik navy admiralship, admiralty, amirane (—.— .) 1. commandingly, masterfully. 2. commanding, masterful (action/manner).
amirlik (—..) 1. chief administratorship; com-mandership. 2. place where a chief administrator has his/her office: emniyet amirliği headquarters of a police chief. 3. colloq. commanding air. amit chem. amide, amitoz biol. amitosis.
amiyane (—.—.) 1. colloquial. 2. ordinary, common. 3. in a common way. — tabiriyle in the colloquial, amma 1. (.—) but, yet, still. 2. (/.) how. — da yaptm ha! (— yaptm!) colloq. How can it be!/Not really! amme 1. public, general. 2. the public. — davası law public prosecution. — efkârı public opinion. — hizmeti public service. — hukuku public law. — idaresi local government. — işletmeleri public works. — malları public property. — menfaati public interest, amnezi path, amnesia, amnios (./.) see amniyos. amniyos (./.) anat. amnion. — suyu amniotic fluid.
amonyak chem. 1. ammonia. 2. ammonia water, amonyum (./.) chem. ammonium, amoral (/..) amoral.
 amoralist, -ti (/...) 1. (an) amoralist. 2. amor-alistic.
amoralizm (/...) amoralism.
amorf used in: — olmak slang 1. to be abashed.
   2.    to get a beating, amorti 1. redemption of a bond issue. 2. lottery the smallest prize. — çarpmak slang to find o.s. standing next to an old woman. — etmek III to amortize, redeem, pay off (an interest-bearing obligation), amortisman 1. amortization. 2. the redemption of a bond. — akçesi sinking fund, amortisör 1. auto. shock absorber. 2. damper, device that absorbs vibrations, amper phys. ampere, ampermetre (../.) see amperölçer. amperölçer (./..) ammeter, ampersaat, -ti (./..) phys. ampere-hour, ampes slang hashish, dope, ampir Empire (style), ampirik empirical, empiric, ampirizm empiricism, ampiyem path, empyema, amplifikatör elec. amplifier, ampul, -lü 1. electric bulb, light bulb. 2. med.
   ampule. 3. slang breast (of a woman/a girl), ampütasyon amputation, amuca (./.) prov., see amca, amuden (.—.) obs. perpendicularly.
 Amuderya (--------.—) the Amu Darya, the Jay-
   hun, the Oxus (river).
 amudi (.------) obs. perpendicular, vertical.
 amudufıkari (.....—) obs., anat. backbone, spi-
   nal column.
amut geom. (a) perpendicular, —a kalkmak to do a hand stand, amyant, -ti asbestos.
 *an moment, instant, —mda instantly, —mda döküm comp, snapshot dump, —mda erişim comp, immediate access, —mda veri comp, immediate data.
 2an mind, perception.
 3an boundary (between fields).
ana
 46
ana
ana 1. mother (The form anne is preferred in Istanbul). 2. mother animal, dam. 3. (after a name) appellation of respect for elderly women or female saints. 4. protector, patroness. 5. principal, main, fundamental, basic. 6. fin. capital, stock; principal. A—m!
   1. an informal form of address. 2. colloq. Oh my!/Heavens! — sı ağlamak colloq. to go through hardship. — sim ağlatmak Iml vulg. to give (s.o.) great trouble, give (s.o.) a hard time, —mın ak sütü gibi helal olsun. colloq. (May it be as lawful to you as my mother’s milk was to me.) You’re welcome to it. — akçe/m. principal, —mın aşı, tandırımın başı, colloq. There is nothing like my mother’s cooking or my seat by the fire. — atardamar anat. aorta. — atar-damarsal anat. aortal, aortic. — atardamar torbalaşımı path, aortic aneurysm. — avrat asfaltta koşmak slang to swear at everybody present. — avrat dümdüz gitmek slang to swear a blue streak. — m avradım olsun! vulg. (May my mother become my wife.) I swear! — baba parents, father and mother. — m babam! slang Oh dear!/My!/Oh my! — baba bir having the same father and mother. — baba duası almış blessed by his/her parents. — baba eli-ne bakmak to depend on one’s parents for one’s support. — baba günü pandemonium, tumult, a dangerous/frightening commotion. — baba ile iftihar olmaz, proverb It is no use to boast of one’s parents. — baba yavrusu person pampered as a child.
   —nm bahtı kızma, proverb (The happiness of a mother goes to her daughter.) A daughter’s married life will be like her mother’s. — sma bak kızını al, kenarına/ kıyısma/tarağma bak bezini al. proverb Look at the mother before you marry the daughter, just as you examine the selvage before you buy cloth. — nm bastığı yavru/ civciv incinmez/ölmez, proverb (A mother’s tread does not harm her young.) What a mother does is for the good of her child, —sim bellerim! vulg. I’ll show him/her!
   —  bir, baba ayrı born of the same mother but of different fathers. — cadde main street, Brit, high street. — çizgi geom. generatrix, —sı danası colloq. his/her mother and the rest of the family, the whole bunch. — defter ledger. — direk naut. lower mast, —dan doğma 1. stark naked.
   2. from birth, naturally. 3. congenital, —dan doğmuşa dönmek to be restored to happiness, health, freedom from care, and simplicity. — smdan doğduğuna pişman
   1. feeling very miserable. 2. lazy, —smdan doğduğuna pişman etmek /ı/ to make (s.o.) sorry he/she has been born. — duvar exterior wall, —sının eğirdiği, babasının dokuduğu in harmony with one’s training and family background. —m ekmeğine
kuru, ayranına duru demem, colloq. (I would never call my mother’s bread dry, nor my mother’s buttermilk thin.) I would never be disloyal to my home. — smdan emdiği süt burnundan (fitil fitil) gelmek to go through extreme hardship. — evladı atmış, yâr başında tutmuş, proverb (The mother has driven out her child; his beloved has taken him to her bosom.) True love is even stronger than a mother’s love.
—  fikir central theme. — gibi yâr olmaz, Bağdat gibi diyar olmaz, proverb No friend is like a mother; no country is like Baghdad, —sının gözü slang sly, tricky, shifty. — güverte naut. main deck. — n güzel idi, hani yeri, baban zengin idi, hani evi. proverb (Your mother was beautiful: where is she now? Your father was rich: where is his house?) Circumstances change. —n güzel mi? colloq. (Is your mother beautiful?) You think you’re smart, don’t you? — hat main line, trunk line. — hatlar the main lines, the outline. — ile kız, helva ile koz. proverb (A mother and her daughter are like candy with a nut in it.) It is as hard to take a girl from her mother as to separate a walnut from a nut-candy. —nm ilki olmaktan dağlarda tilki olmak yeğdir, proverb It is better to be a fox on the mountains than to be a first child. —sının ipini pazara çıkarmış (anasının ipliğini pazarda satmış) colloq. wicked, vicious, —sı (onu) kadir gecesi doğurmuş. (He/She was born on the Night of Power.) He/She is very lucky. — kapı main door/entrance. — sının karnında dokuz ay on gün nasıl durmuş? colloq. (How did he/ she stay in his/her mother’s womb for nine months and ten days?) He/She is very impatient. — kız mother and daughter. — sının kızı a daughter just like her mother. — kızma taht kurar, kız bahtı kocadan arar. proverb A mother sets up a throne for her daughter, but the girl depends for her happiness on her husband. — kızma taht kurmuş, baht kuramamış/kurmamış, proverb (The mother set up a throne for her daughter, but she couldn’t assure her happiness.) Once a girl is married her happiness is not in her parents’ hands. — sının körpe kuzusu mother’s pet, sissy. — kubbe the main dome (of a mosque). — kucağı mother’s bosom. — kuzusu 1. very small baby. 2. mother’s pet, sissy. —sının kuzusu mother’s darling. — motif leitmotif, —lar ne doğururmuş! colloq. (What marvels mothers give birth to!) How wonderful he/she is!
—smm nikâhını istemek to charge an outrageous price. — oğul mother and son. —dan olur daya, hamurdan olur maya. proverb The best nursemaid is the mother, just as the best yeast comes from the dough. — ödyolu anat. ductus choledochus,
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 47
anarşi
   common bile duct. — ödyolu açımı surg. choledochostomy. — ödyolu çıkarımı sur,g. choledochectomy. —mm öleceğini bilseydim kulağı dolu darıya satardım (acı soğana değişirdim), proverb (If I had known that my mother was going to die, I would have sold her for enough millet to fill one of her ears.) If a loss is certain it is better to make a small profit from it. — nm öre-kesi! vulg. Stuff and nonsense! —sı sarımsak, babası soğan, colloq. (His/Her mother is garlic and his/her father an onion.) He/ She is from an ignorant and backward family. —sim satayım! colloq. (I’ll sell its mother!) 1. What the heck! 2. Damn it!
   —sim sattığım colloq. darn, damned. — n seni bugün için doğurdu, colloq. This is the day for which you were born: show us what you can do. — solunum dalı anat. main bronchus. — sütü breast milk. — tarafından on the mother’s side. — mz taş yesin, yarımşardan (yarım yarım) beş yesin. colloq. (Let your mother eat stones: let each child give her half of his/her share; that makes five shares for her.) Although I pretend to be self-sacrificing, I will get the lion’s share. — toplardamar anat. vena cava, —sı turp, babası şalgam, colloq. (His/Her mother was a radish and his/her father a turnip.) He/She has a very low and doubtful background, —/—sı usta (ekmeği) yufka yapar, çocuk usta çift çift kapar. colloq. (The mother skillfully makes the loaves of bread thin while her child skillfully steals them two by two.) When the supplier skimps, the user takes more to make up. — n yahşi, baban yahşi demek colloq. to butter s.o. up/flatter and cajole him/her. — yapı central structure, main building. — yarısı colloq. maternal aunt, —dan yeni doğmuşa dönmek see anadan doğmuşa dönmek, —sı yerinde (a person) as old as one’s mother. — yiğidin kalkanıdır. proverb The mother is a shield to the hero. — yüreği a mother’s love, ana- prefix main ..., principal ..., basic ...; master ....
anabellek (./..) comp, main memory, main storage.
anacil bound to his/her mother, anaç 1. matured (female young animal). 2. fruit -bearing, mature (tree). 3. experienced, shrewd. 4. huge, tough. anaçlaşmak to reach maturity, become capable of bearing young, anadamar (./..) anat. aorta. — daralimi path.
   coarctation, anadil (./.) parent language, anadili, -ni (./..) mother tongue.
Anadolu Anatolia.
Anadolulu 1. Anatolian. 2. (an) Anatolian, anadut, -tu pitchfork, hayfork, anaerki,-ni (./..) sociol. matriarchy.
anaerkil (./..) sociol. matriarchal, anafor 1. countercurrent, eddy. 2. slang extra profit, illicit gain, something got for nothing, windfall, —dan slang improperly; without effort, —dan gelmek slang to fall into one’s lap, come easily, —a konmak slang to get something for nothing, anaforcu slang 1. freeloader, parasite. 2. opportunist, cheater, anaforculuk slang 1. freeloading. 2. cheating, anaforlamak hi slang to steal; to get by cheating.
anaforlu having a countercurrent, anahtar 1. key (for a lock/for winding/to a code/ to a problem). 2. wrench, Brit, spanner. 3. electric switch. 4. mus. clef. — deliği keyhole. — dili bit, web (of a key). — dişi notch (on the bit of a key). — kolu shaft of a wrench. — sözcük comp, keyword. — taşı keystone (of an arch). — uydurmak /a/ to match up a key to (a lock). — vermek to play straight man (to a comic), anahtarcı 1. locksmith; keysmith; maker/seller of keys; seller/repairer of locks. 2. slang picklock, lockpick, thief who picks locks, anahtarcılık locksmithing; making/selling keys; being a locksmith/a keysmith. anahtarlık key holder, key ring, anakara (./..) continent, anakart, -ti (./.) comp, master card, analevha (./..) comp, motherboard, analı having a mother. — kuzu, kınalı kuzu. proverb (A lamb with a mother is a lamb with henna.) A child whose mother is living is clean and well cared for. analık 1. maternity, motherhood. 2. stepmother, adoptive mother. 3. woman who acts as a mother to a child. 4. maternal love. 5. motherliness. — etmek /a/ to be a mother to; to mother. — fenalık. (— kara yamalık), proverb A stepmother means trouble. — sigortası maternity insurance, analitik analytical, analiz analysis, analjezi med., see ağrıkesimi. analjezik med., see ağrıkesici. analoji analogy.
anamal (./.) econ. capital. — birikimi accumulation of capital, reinvestment of dividends.
anamalcı (./..) 1. (a) capitalist. 2. capitalistic, anamalcılık (./...) capitalism, anamalli (./..) capitalist, anamaya (./..) enzyme, ananas bot. pineapple, Ananas comosus. ananasgiller bot. Bromeliaceae. anane tradition, ananevi (...—) traditional, anaokulu, -nu (./...) nursery school; kindergarten.
anapara (./..) econ. capital, anaprogram (./..) comp, main program, anarşi anarchy.
anarşist
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anıtkabir
anarşist, -ti 1. (an) anarchist. 2. anarchistic, anarşizm anarchism, anartri anarthria. anasaat, -ti (./..) master clock, anasanlı (./..) metronymic, anasır (.—.) obs. elements, components, anason 1. bot. anise, Pimpinella anisum. 2. aniseed.
anasoy (./.) race, a division of the human race.
anasoycu (./..) racist.
anasoycul (./..) racial.
anasoyculuk (./...) racism.
anatomi anatomy.
anatomik anatomical.
anavasya (../.) the upstream migration of fish, anavatan (./..) mother country, homeland, motherland, anaveri (./..) comp, master data, anayasa (./..) law constitution, anayasaci (./...) 1. constitutionalist. 2. constitutional expert, anayasal (./..) constitutional, anayol (./.) main road, anayön (./.) cardinal point (of the compass), anayurt (./.) mother country, homeland, motherland.
anbean (/..) with every moment, more and more, gradually, anca (/.) that much, so much. — beraber, kanca beraber, colloq. We will stick together through thick and thin, ancak (/.) 1. only, solely, merely. 2. just, hardly, barely. 3. but, on the other hand, however. 4. only, not until, ançizlemek slang to go away, leave, ançüez salted/pickled anchovy, and see ant.
andaç 1. souvenir, memento. 2. recollection, reminiscence, andante (./.) mus. andante, andantino (../.) mus. andantino, andavallı slang fool, idiot, imbecile, andezit, -ti geol. andesite. andıç memorandum, andık prov., zool. a kind of hyena, andıran analogous, andın note, memo, memorandum, andırış 1. resemblance. 2. analogy, andırışma 1. resembling. 2. one thing’s being mistaken for another. 3. being analogous, analogy.
andırmak 1. Ill to resemble, remind one of. 2. /i, a/ to recall (one) to the memory of (others).
andizotu, -nu (./..) bot. elecampane, Inula he-lenium.
andiçmek (/..) see ant içmek.
Andorra (./.) 1. Andorra. 2. Andorra, Andorran, of Andorra, anekdot, -tu anecdote, anele naut. ring (of an anchor); iron ring, anemi path, anemia, anaemia, anemon bot. anemone.
aneroid aneroid barometer, anestezi med. anesthesia. — uzmanı anesthesiologist. — yapmak /a/ to anesthetize, anevrizma med. aneurysm, anfizem path, emphysema, angaje 1. reserved, occupied, in use. 2. employed, hired, engaged. 3. /a/ tied to, bound to (a belief/a system). — etmek /ı/ to employ, angajman com. engagement, undertaking, —a girmek to enter an engagement, bind o.s. — yapmak /la/ to reach a formal agreement (with).
angarya (./.) 1. forced labor, corvee. 2.
    drudgery. 3. angary, angaryacı (..'..) one who uses forced labor, angi memory. — çağrısı recall, recollection.
   —larm saptanımı the assimilation of memories.
angıç prov. slatted side panel for a horse cart, angm famous.
Anglikan 1. (an) Anglican, member of the Anglican communion of churches. 2. (an) Anglican, member of the Church of England.
    3.   Anglican, of the Anglican communion of churches. 4. Anglican, of the Church of England. — kilisesi 1. the Anglican communion of churches. 2. the Church of England. Anglikanizm Anglicanism.
Anglikanlık 1. being an Anglican. 2. Anglicanism.
Anglonorman 1. (an) Anglo-Norman. 2. Anglo -Norman, the language of the Anglo-Normans. 3. Anglo-Norman, of the Anglo-Normans. — Adaları the Channel Islands. Anglosakson 1. (an) Anglo-Saxon. 2. person of English stock, (an) Anglo-Saxon. 3. Anglo-Saxon, Old English, the language of the Anglo-Saxons. 4. Anglo-Saxon, of the Anglo-Saxons. 5. English, of the English, Anglo-Saxon.
Angola (./.) 1. Angola. 2. Angola, Angolan, of Angola.
angudi (.------) ruddy, brick-colored.
angut 1. zool. ruddy sheldrake, Tadorna ferru-ginea. 2. colloq. fool, idiot, am memory, what is remembered, anici memoirist.
anık 1. apt, inclined, disposed. 2. ready, anıklamak III 1. to prepare, dispose. 2. psych, to recall, revive (a memory), anıklık 1. aptitude, inclination. 2. readiness, anilik diary.
anılmak to be remembered, be mentioned, anımsamak III to remember, recall, anımsatmak /a, i/ to cause/allow (s.o.) to remember/recall; to make (s.o.) remember/ recall, anırmak to bray, anıştırma hinting, implying, anıştırmak hi to hint, imply, anıt, -ti monument.
Anıtkabir (./..) tomb of Atatürk in Ankara, anıtkabir, -bri (..'..) mausoleum.
anıtlaşmak
 49
anlatma
anıtlaşmak to acquire a monumental status. anıtlaştırmak hi to cause to acquire a monumental status, anıtmezar (./..) monumental tomb, mausoleum, anıtsal monumental.
anız stubble. — bozma harrowing a field to break up stubble, anızlık stubble, field with stubble, ani (— —) 1. instantaneous, sudden. 2. suddenly.
anide (-------.) instantly, at once, all of a sudden.
aniden (------.) suddenly.
anilin chem. aniline.
animasyon animation, production of an animated cartoon or animation, animato (../.) mus. animato, animator leader of group activities, group activities leader (at a holiday resort), animizm animism, anjin path, sore throat.
ANKA (abbr. for Ankara Haber Ajansı) a Turkish news agency.
Anka (.—) phoenix.
Ankara (/..) Ankara, formerly Angora, ankarakeçisi, -ni (/.....) zool. Angora goat.
ankarakedisi, -ni (/......) zool. Angora cat.
anket, -ti poll, public survey. — yapmak to take a poll, anketçi pollster, ankiloz path, ankylosis, anlak psych, intelligence. — geriliği moronism, anlakalir (./..) reasonable, anlaklı intelligent, anlaksal concerning intelligence, anlam 1. meaning, sense. 2. connotation.
    —      aykırılığı internal contradiction. — bayağılaşması pejoration. — daralması semantic restriction. — değişmesi semantic change. — ma gelmek to mean, come to mean, amount to. — genişlemesi semantic extension. — kayması semantic displacement, semantic transference, anlama understanding, comprehending, anlamak 1. hi to understand, comprehend. 2. hi to find out. 3. /dan/ to know (about), have knowledge (qf). 4. hi to deduce; to realize.
    5. /dan/ to appreciate, enjoy. 6. hi to understand (a person and his/her motives and feelings). 7. /dan/ to experience some good (from). 8. /dan/ slang to try, sample (a delicacy). Anladımsa Arap olayım, colloq. I don’t understand it at all. Anladık pederin bayraktar olduğunu, colloq., see Anlaşıldı pederin bayraktar olduğu. Anlayana sivrisinek saz, anlamayana davul zurna az. proverb (To a person who has understanding the mosquito sounds like a musical instrument; for him/her who does not understand, drums and pipes are not sufficient.) A word to the wise is enough. Anladık yel değirmeni, (ama) suyu nereden geliyor? colloq. (I understand what a windmill is,
    but where does it get its water?) Your plan to make a killing is a fine one, but how can we carry it out? (bir şey) anlamamak /dan/ not to enjoy (s.t.), not to be interested (in), anlamamazlik see anlamazlık, anlamazlık a lack of understanding about a matter, —tan gelmek III to pretend not to understand, anlambilim (./..) ling, semantics, anlambilimsel (./...) ling, semantic, related to semantics, anlamdaş 1. synonymous. 2. synonym, anlamdaşlık synonymy, synonymity, anlamlandırma 1. explanation, interpretation.
    2.   giving meaning (to), anlamlandırmak hi 1. to explain, interpret; to construe. 2. to give meaning (to), anlamlı meaningful, expressive, anlamlılık meaningfulness, anlamsal semantic, related to meaning. — hata comp, semantic error, anlamsız meaningless, anlamsızlık meaninglessness, anlaşık 1. associate. 2. in accord, in agreement, anlaşılmak to be understood. Anlaşılan .... colloq. It appears that .... Anlaşıldı. All right./
   O.K. Anlaşıldı Vehbi’nin kerrakesi. colloq. (Now it comes out about Vehbi’s coat.) Now it is clear ./Now I see through it. Anlaşıldı pederin bayraktar olduğu, colloq. (It is clear that your father was a flag-bearer.) It became clear what he/she was driving at. anlaşılmaz incomprehensible, unintelligible, anlaşım 1. understanding, agreement. 2. consensus.
                                                                     anlaşma 1. agreement, understanding. 2. harmony, mutual understanding. 3. pact, treaty.
    —ya varmak to come to an agreement. — yapmak to make an agreement, anlaşmak 1. to understand each other. 2. to come to an understanding, reach an agreement.
anlaşmalı 1. arranged by agreement. 2. working under an agreement, anlaşmazlık 1. disagreement, incompatibility.
    2.   misunderstanding, anlatı 1. narration, the act of narrating. 2. story, short story. 3. narrative style, anlatibilim (../..) stylistics, anlatım exposition, expression. — titremi ling, intonation, anlatımcı 1. (an) expressionist. 2. expressionist, expressionistic. anlatımcılık expressionism, anlatimlamak hi to express. anlatımlı expressive, anlatimsal concerning expression, anlatış manner of telling, way of describing, —a göre verirler fetvayı, proverb (The fatwa is pronounced according to the way the matter is presented.) The result depends on the presentation of the case, anlatma 1. explaining, explanation. 2. narrat-
anlatmak
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antrkot
   ing, narration, telling. anlatmak 1. hi to explain. 2. Ill to relate, tell.
   3.    hi to describe. 4. /a/ to show (s.o.) (said threateningly). 5. /l, a/ to convince (s.o.) of the truth of (what one is saying), anlayış 1. understanding, comprehension. 2. intelligence, perceptiveness. 3. understanding, sympathy. 4. intellect, mind. — göstermek /a/ to be forgiving, be tolerant (toward), anlayışlı 1. intelligent. 2. understanding, anlayışlılık understanding, sympathy, anlayışsız 1. insensitive, inconsiderate. 2. lacking in understanding, anlayışsızlık 1. insensitivity, lack of consideration. 2. incomprehension.
'anlık momentary. — adres comp, immediate address. — faiz fin. instant interest.
2anlık 1. intellect. 2. cognition, anlıkçı phil. 1. (an) intellectualist. 2. intellec-tualistic, intellectualist. anlıkçılık phil. intellectualism. anliksal intellectual, mental, anlı sanlı (..'..) see anlı şanlı, anlı şanlı (./ ..) glorious, magnificent, anma 1. remembrance. 2. commemoration. — töreni commemorative ceremony, anmak hi 1. to call to mind, remember, think (of). 2. to talk (of), mention. 3. to commemorate. 4. to call, name, distinguish (with a nickname). An beni bir kozla, o da çürük çıksın, proverb (Remember me with a walnut, even a rotten one.) It is pleasant to receive friendly gifts, even small ones, anmalık 1. keepsake, souvenir. 2. honorable mention.
anne (/.) mother, —çiğim mommy, mom. — olmak to become a mother, anneanne (/...) grandmother (mother’s mother), annelik (/..) 1. maternity, motherhood. 2. maternal love. 3. motherliness. — etmek /a/ to be a mother to; to mother, anofel zool. anopheles, anomali anomaly.
anonim 1. anonymous. 2. incorporated. — şirket joint-stock company, anons announcement. — etmek hi to announce, anonse used in: — etmek hi to announce, anorak (padded, waterproof, winter) jacket/ coat.
anormal, -li abnormal, anormalleşmek to become abnormal, anormallik abnormality, anoş slang mistress, girl friend, lover, darling, anot anode, ansal psych, mental, ansefalit, -ti path, encephalitis, ansıma remembering, remembrance. — kuramı the theory of innate knowledge, ansımak III to call to mind, remember, ansınmak to be remembered, ansıtmak /ı, a/ to remind (s.o.) of (s.t.). ansız illegitimate child, bastard, ansızın (/..) suddenly, all of a sudden.
ansiklopedi encyclopedia, ansiklopedik encyclopedic. — sözlük dictionary with encyclopedic material added, ant 1. oath. 2. a promise to o.s., resolution, —mı bozmak to violate one’s oath. — etmek to take an oath. — içirmek /a/ to administer an oath (to); to make (s.o.) swear.
    —      içmek to take an oath, promise solemnly, make a solemn promise. — kardeşi blood brother, sworn brother. — verdirmek /a/ to make (s.o.) promise. — vermek /a/ to importune (s.o.) with pleading oaths, antant, -ti entente.
Antarktik Antarctic. — daire the Antarctic Circle.
Antarktika (../.) the Antarctic, Antarctica, anten 1. antenna. 2. slang wit, brains, antepfıstığı, -m (/....) bot. pistachio, Pistacia vera.
antepfıstığıgiller (/....) bot. Anacardiaceae.
anterit, -ti path, enteritis, anterlin print, lead, space slug, antet, -ti letterhead. — li kâğıt stationery with a letterhead, antibiyotik antibiotic.
antidemokratik (/........) antidemocratic.
antifriz 1. antifreeze. 2. slang alcoholic drink, antijen antigen.
antik 1. archaic. 2. made before 400 A.D. antika (./.) 1. antique. 2. colloq. queer, funny, eccentric. 3. embroidery hemstitch, antikacı (./..) dealer in antiques, antikalık (./..) 1. antiquity, being ancient. 2.
    colloq. eccentricity, queerness, antikiklon high pressure area, anticyclone, antikor biol. antibody, antilop zool. antelope, antimon chem. antimony, antin slang 1. prostitute. 2. back (door). 3.
                                                    south wind, antipati antipathy.
antipatik antipathetic. — bulmak hi not to find (s.o.) to one’s liking, antisepsi antisepsis, antiseptik antiseptic, antitez (/..) antithesis, antitoksin (/...) antitoxin, antitröst, -tü (/..) com. antitrust. — politikası antitrust policy, antlaşma solemn agreement, pact, antlaşmak to come to a solemn agreement, antlı bound by an oath, under a vow, sworn, antoloji anthology, antrakspath, anthrax.
antrakt, -ti theat. intermission, interval, entr’acte, antrasit, -ti anthracite, antre (/.) entrance, doorway, antrenman sports exercise, training, antrenör sports trainer, antrenörlük sports the work of a trainer, antrepo (./.) bonded warehouse; entrepot, antrkot, -tu butchery beef from the top of the
antrok
51
aptes
   ribs, entrecote, antrok, -ku geol. a Triassic fossil, antropolog anthropologist, antropoloji anthropology. antropolojik anthropological, antropomorfizm anthropomorphism, anut 1. obstinate, stubborn. 2 .slang a person who guides tourists to shops for a commission.
anüs anat. anus. — yüzgeci zool. anal fin. anzarot, -tu 1. a resin of the sarcocolla tree once used on wounds. 2. bot. sarcocolla tree, Penaea sarcocolla. 3. slang raki.
A.O. (abbr. for Anonim Ortaklığı) JSC (Joint-Stock Company), aort, -tu anat. aorta.
A. Ort. see A.O.
apaçık (/..) 1. open, wide open. 2. clear, evident.
apaçıklık (/...) 1. complete clarity. 2. completeopenness, apak (/.)• pure white, all white, apalak plump, fat, chubby (baby), apandis anat. appendix, vermiform appendix, apandisit, -tipath, appendicitis, apansız (/..) very unexpectedly, without warning, all of a sudden, suddenly, apansızın (/...) see apansız, aparmak hi 1. to carry away. 2. slang to make off with.
apart used in: — otel apartment hotel, apartman apartment house/building. — dairesi apartment, flat, apar topar (./ ..) headlong, in a panic, stampeding, apaş (a) bully, (a) tough, apati apathy.
apaydın (/..) very bright, well lit. apaydınlık.(/...) brightly lit. apayrı (/..) separate, completely different, apaz 1. the hollow of one’s hand; the palm (of one’s hand). 2. (a) handful of, (a) fistful of: bir apaz pirinç a handful of rice. 3. slang tip, gratuity, apazlama naut. 1. (a) quartering wind, (a) wind coming from abaft the beam. 2. (sailing) with the wind on the quarter, with the wind abaft the beam. 3. rolling (of a ship when its sails have first been caught by the wind).
apazlamak 1. hi to take a handful of, take a fistful of; to fill one’s palm with. 2. hi slang to seize, collar, grab, nab. 3. naut. (for a ship) to quarter, sail with the wind on the quarter, sail with the wind abaft the beam.
   4.    naut. (for a sail) to billow out (when it has first been caught by the wind). 5. naut. (for a ship) to roll gently (when its sails have first been caught by the wind), apel fin. call (for payment of call money due by a shareholder), aperitif aperitif, appetizer, apış the inner sides of the thighs. — arası the
   space between the thighs, perineum, apışak prov. 1. bowlegged (person). 2. (animal) which has legs that are set wide apart. 3. very tired, dog-tired (person), apışık 1. (animal) which is so tired that its tail is drooping between its legs. 2. (person) who is so tired that he/she can’t think straight, apışlık crotch (of pants), apışmak 1. (for a tired animal) to sink down with its legs splayed out; /a/ to splay itself out on (the ground, floor, etc.). 2. to squat down on one’s heels with one’s legs apart, apışıp kalmak to be dumbfounded, be left openmouthed; to be at a loss to know what to do, be bumfuzzled; ’to be completely overawed, apıştırmak hi 1. to exhaust (an animal); to work (an animal) until it’s ready to drop; to ride (an animal) until it’s ready to drop. 2. to cow, overawe; to bring (s.o.) to heel. 3. to dumbfound, leave (s.o.) openmouthed; to bumfuzzle. 4. naut. to hold (a ship) in place by anchoring it from both its bow and its stern.
apiko (./.) 1. naut. apeak. 2. slang ready, alert, quick. 3. slang handsome, good-looking. 4. slang handsomeness, good looks, aplik wall light, wall fixture, aplikasyon 1. embroidery applique. 2. staking out (a plot of land) from a map. apolet, -ti epaulet, apopleksipath, apoplexy, aport, -tu Fetch it! (order given to a hunting dog).
aposteriori (....'.) a posteriori.
apoşi wire trawl net.
apotek bot. apothecium, apothece.
appassionato (.....'.) mus. appassionato.
apraksi apraxia.
apre 1. sizing. 2. size, finish.
apriori (../.) a priori.
apse abscess.
apsent, -ti absinthe.
apsidiyol, -lü arch, apsidiole, absidiole. apsis geom. abscissa, apsit, -ti arch. apse, apşak prov., see apışak.
Apt. (abbr. for Apartman) apartment house, aptal 1. stupid. 2. simpleton, fool. 3. Turk, theat. the character typed as a sycophant, —a malum olur, proverb A fool foresees by intuition.
aptalca 1. (./.) stupid (action). 2. rather stupid.
   3.    (./.) stupidly, aptallaşmak to become stupid, aptallık stupidity, foolishness. — etmek to act like a fool, apteriks zool. apteryx, kiwi, aptes 1. ritual ablution. 2. the state of canonical purity. 3. bowel movement; feces. — almak to perform an ablution. — bozmak to go to the toilet. — i bozulmak to become canoni-
aptesbozan
52
ara
   cally unclean. — i gelmek to want to go to the toilet. — i kaçmak to cease to need to go to the toilet, —inde namazında olmak to be faithful in performing one’s religious duties, —inden şüphesi olmamak to have full confidence in o.s. — tazelemek to renew one’s ablution, —ini vermek /in or a/ slang to scold (s.o.) severely, aptesbozan zool. tapeworm, Taenia. aptesbozanotu, -nu (.../..) bot. thorny burnet, Sarcopoterium spinosum. apteshane (..— .) toilet, Brit, water closet, W.C. aptesli (person) purified by an ablution, apteslik 1. place for performing ablutions. 2. formerly a light robe worn while performing the ablution. 3. suitable for ablutions, aptessiz canonically unclean. — sofuya namaz mı dayanır? proverb (A devout worshiper can perform as many prayers as he wants if he omits the ritual ablutions.) If you drop all standards you can do a lot in a short time. — yere basmamak to be very strict in one’s religious practices, apukurya (../.) the carnival season (preceding Lent).
apul apul (./ ..) with waddling steps.
*ar 1. shame. 2. bashfulness, shyness; modesty.
   —   belası the trouble one gets into to protect one’s honor. — daman çatlamış utterly shameless. — dünyası değil, kâr dünyası. proverb This is a world of profit, not a world of honor. — etmek to be ashamed. — namus tertemiz utterly shameless (used sarcastically). —ı satmış/yemiş, namusu kiraya/tellala vermiş (arkasına atmış). colloq. (He has sold his sense of shame and rented out his honor.) He is utterly shameless. — yılı değil, kâr yılı, proverb (It is not a year of modesty but of profit.) We are living in a time when people are after money. — yiğidin kamçısıdır, proverb (Shame is the hero’s whip.) A sense of honor drives a man to exert himself.
2ar are (100 m2).
ara 1^. distance (between two things). 2. time between two events, interval. 3. relations (between people). 4. break (in a game); interlude; intermission. 5. space, spacing. 6. time, point in time. 7. intermediary, intermediate. —da during the intervening time: Pazartesi ve cumartesi günleri gelir; arada hiç gözükmez. He comes on Mondays and Saturdays; on days other than these he’s not to be seen, —dan in the meantime, meanwhile, during the intervening time: Aradan on gün geçmişti. In the meantime ten days had gone by. —sına 1. between. 2. among. — sinda 1. between. 2. among, —smdan 1. from between. 2. from among. 3. through, —lan açık, colloq. They are not on friendly terms./Their friendship is broken, —lan açılmak to be on strained terms. — larmi açmak Iml to
 spoil (their) friendship, create a rift (between). —larma almak hi to let (s.o.) join one’s group. — larmda asal sayılar incommensurable numbers, incommensurate numbers. — bilanço fin. interim balance sheet, —da bir from time to time, now and then, —larmi bozmak Iml (— bozmak) to destroy the friendship (between/among), —lan bozulmak to be on strained terms. — bölge buffer zone, —larmi bulmak Iml (— bulmak) to reconcile, settle a dispute (between)^ —da çıkarmak hi to get (s.t.) done when one has a spare minute, get (s.t.) done in a spare minute, squeeze (s.t.) into one’s schedule (said of a task done while one is in the midst of other work), —dan çıkarmak hi to get (s.t.) done, get (s.t.) over with (so that one can get on with other work), —dan çıkmak 1. (for a pestiferous person) to absent himself/herself, leave. 2. (for a task) to be done, be over with, be finished (so that one can get on with other work). — çubuğu comp, spacebar, —larmda dağlar kadar fark var. colloq. (There are mountains of difference between them.) They are as different as black and white ./They are as different as chalk and cheese. — devlet buffer state. — duvar partition, dividing wall, —larmi düzeltmek Iml to reconcile, —si geçmeden without delay, while the situation is still fresh, —larma girmek Iml to work to reconcile (two people/parties). — ya girmek 1. to work to reconcile two people.
 2. (for s.t. unexpected) to interfere suddenly with the work in hand. — ya gitmek 1. to go to waste. 2. to be lost in the confusion, —sı hoş olmamak /la/ 1. to be on bad terms with. 2. to dislike (s.t.). —da kalmak to suffer for mixing in a dispute between others; to be caught in the middle in an argument. —da kan bulaşığı olmak to have a relationship between two families through the marriage of their children, —larmda kan olmak to have a blood feud (between).
 —  kapı communicating door. — kâr payı fin. interim dividend. — larmdan kara kedi geçmek (—larma kara kedi girmek) to be cross with each other. — kararı law provisional decision (of a court), —larma karışmak Iml to mix (with), —larmda karlı dağlar olmak to be far apart, be very different. —da kaynamak to pass unnoticed, get lost in the shuffle. — ya koymak hi to ask (a third person) to mediate. — limanı port of call. — mallar com. intermediate goods. — seçim by-election. — sıra (—da sırada) now and then, from time to time, occasionally. — ya soğukluk girmek to have a coolness arise in a friendship. — si soğumak Iml to lose its importance with the passage of time. — sini soğutmak Iml to delay (a thing so that it is forgotten).
 —yı soğutmak (for a friendship) to cool
ara
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aralı
   off. — larından su sızmamak to be very close friends. — temettü/m., see ara kâr payı. — vermeden continuously. — vermek/a/ to take a break (from), stop doing (s.t.) for a while. — ya vermek hi to waste. — vermeksizin see ara vermeden. — lan yağ bal olmak colloq. to be intimate friends. — yı yapmak 1. to become friends again, make up. 2. to reconcile friends who have quarreled, ara- prefix inter-.
                                                                       araba 1. carriage, wagon, cart. 2. car, automobile. 3. cartload, wagonload; truckload.
   —   çatalı fork of an ox wagon. — yı çekmek ^colloq. to clear out, scram. — yı devirmek slang to need ritual cleansing of the body (after intercourse). — devrilince yol gösteren çok olur, proverb (After the cart is upset, there are many who offer advice.) People love to tell a person what he/she should have done, -sim düze çıkarmak to overcome difficulties and get things running smoothly. — falakası whiffletree.
   —   ile tavşan avlanmaz, proverb (You can’t hunt rabbits from a wagon.) For each job there is a proper procedure. — kırıldıktan sonra (kırılınca) yol gösteren çok olur, proverb, see Araba devrilince yol gösteren çok olur, —ya koşmak hi to hitch (horses) to a carriage. — kullanmak to drive a car. — oku pole of a carriage. —nm ön tekerleği nereden geçerse art tekerleği de oradan geçer, proverb (The back wheels follow the front wheels.) Children do what their parents do. — yı sallamak slang to borrow another’s taxi and collect fares for a while. — vapuru car ferry.
                                                                      arabacı 1. driver (of a cart/wagon). 2. maker of wheeled vehicles, cartwright. 3. person who sells wagons and carts, arabacılık the work of a maker/seller/driver of wagons/carts, arabalık 1. wagon house, cart shed. 2. garage.
   3.     carload, wagonload; truckload, araban classical Turk. mus. a makam, arabesk, -ki arabesque. — müzik a kind of contemporary Turkish music containing elements derived from Arabian music, arabeskçi 1. composer/singer/player of arabesk müzik. 2. (s.o.) who composes/sings/plays arabesk müzik, arabeyin, -yni (./..) anat. diencephalon, interbrain.
Arabi (..—) 1. Arabic, the Arabic language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Arabic, Arabic. 3. Arabic (speech/writing). 4. Arabic, pertaining to the Arabic language. 5. Arabian, Arabic, of the Arabs. — takvim Islamic calendar, Arabic calendar, arabirim (./..) comp, interface. — kartı interface card.
Arabist, -ti Arabist.
Arabistan 1. Arabia. 2. Arabian, of Arabia, arabistandefnesi, -ni (.../...) bot. spurge flax,
    Daphne gnidium.
Arabiyat, -ti Arabic studies, arabozan (./..) (one) who breaks up a friendship (by carrying stories between the two parties).
                                                                         arabozanlık (./...) mischief-making. — etmek to break up a friendship between two people, arabozucu (./...) (one) who breaks up a friendship (by carrying stories between the two parties).
arabozuculuk (./....) mischief-making, arabulma mediation, mediating, arabulucu (./...) reconciler, conciliator, mediator.
arabuluculuk (./....) mediation. — etmek to
    mediate.
aracı 1. mediator, go-between; intermediary. 2. middleman. 3. (marriage) broker. — banka intermediary bank. — koymak hi to appoint (s.o.) to be a/the mediator, make (s.o.) a/the mediator. — kurum com. intermediary institution; brokerage firm/house. — marjı com. spread, aracılık mediation, intervention. — ıyla through, through the agency of; through the mediation of. — akçesi commission, middleman’s fee. — etmek to mediate, araç 1. means. 2. tool. 3. vehicle, araççı phil. 1. (an) instrumentalist. 2. instrumentalist, araççılık phil. instrumentalism, araçlı indirect.
araçlık etmek /a/ to be the means (of), araçsız direct.
Araf (—.) a place separating heaven from hell. Arafat a plain near Mecca. —’ta soyulmuş hacıya dönmek to lose everything one has and have nowhere to turn, aragezinek (./...) theat. foyer, aragonit, -ti geol. aragonite.
‘arak 1. arrack, arak, arrak. 2. obs. sweat, perspiration.
2arak classical Turk. mus. a makam.
araka (./.) bot. a variety of large peas.
arakapak (./..) flyleaf.-
arakçı slang thief, pilferer.
arakçılık slang theft.
arakesit, -ti (./..) geom. intersection.
arakıye 1. a soft felt cap (worn by a dervish).
    2.    a small oboe-like instrument, araklamak hi slang to steal, pilfer, walk off with.
arakonakçı (./...) zool. secondary host, aral archipelago.
aralamak hi 1. to leave (a door) ajar; to open (s.t.) part way. 2. to space, open (s.t.) out. 3. to separate.
aralanmak 1. to be opened part way. 2. /dan/ slang to go away (from), leave, aralaşmak to become more widely separated, aralatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) opened slightly, aralevha (./..) comp, clipboard, aralı intermittent.
aralık
 54
arda
aralık 1. space, opening, interval, gap. 2. time, interval, moment. 3. corridor; passageway.
   4. toilet, Brit, water closet. 5. ajar, half open. 6. December. 7. mus. interval. —ta in between. — ayı December. — bırakmak 1. to leave a space. 2. hi to leave ajar, leave half open. — etmek /i/ to open (s.t.) part way. —a gitmek 1. to go to waste. 2. to get lost in the confusion. —ta kalmak to suffer for mixing in a dispute between others. — oyunu entr’acte, a small performance given between two acts of a play. — vermek /a/ to take a break (from), stop (doing s.t.) for a while.
aralıklı 1. spaced, having intervals. 2. at intervals. 3. intermittent, periodic, aralıksız 1. continuous. 2. continuously, aralti plank separating stalls in a cattle shed, arama 1. search, exploration. 2. law search, searching. — anahtarı comp, search key.
   —  belleği comp, searching storage, associative memory. — emri law search warrant.
   —  süresi comp, search time. — tarama body search; police search. — yapmak to carry out a search.
aramak 1. Ill to look (for), hunt (for), seek. 2. Ill to search. 3. Ill to long (for), miss. 4. Ill to ask (for), demand. 5. Ill to inquire (after). 6. Ill to drop in on. 7. colloq. to look for trouble. Arama! colloq. It’s too much to expect. Aramakla bulunmaz (ele geçmez). colloq. It’s a very lucky chance, arayıp da bulamamak 111 to be rare and valuable, be a lucky find. Arayan Mevlasmı da bulur, belasını da. proverb A person finds God if God is his/her goal; if he/she aims at trouble he/she finds trouble, arayıp soranı bulunmamak/olmamak to be without anyone who cares for him/her. arayıp sormak 111 1. to show concern for, ask after. 2. to visit (s.o.) and show an interest in him/her. arayıp taramak (— taramak) 111 to comb, search thoroughly.
aranağme (./..) 1. classical Turk. mus. ritor-nello, short instrumental passage between verses of a song. 2. colloq. tiresome refrain, aranılmak 1. to be searched. 2. to be searched for. 3. to be in demand. 4. to be missed, aranjman mus. arrangement, aranmak 1. to be in demand. 2. to be searched for. 3. to be missed. 4. to search one’s own clothes and pockets. 5. colloq. to look for trouble.
Arap 1. (an) Arab. 2. Arabian, Arab, of the Arabs.
   3. colloq. Black, Black person. — atı Arabian horse. — bacı Black nurse, mammy. — gibi olmak to get a deep tan. '—in gözü açıldı. colloq., see Arap uyandı. (...) — olayım. colloq. I swear that ...: Casus değilse Arap olayım. I swear he’s a spy! — takvimi Arabian calendar, Muslim calendar. — uyandı. colloq. We’ve learned our lesson.
Arapça (./.) 1. Arabic, the Arabic language. 2.
   (speaking/writing) in Arabic, Arabic. 3. Arabic (speech/writing); spoken in Arabic; written in Arabic.
Araplaşmak to become like an Arab (in customs, manners, speech, outlook). Araplaştırmak 111 to Arabize, cause (s.o.) to become like the Arabs (in customs, manners, speech, outlook).
Araplık being an Arab; those qualities considered to be peculiar to the Arabs, arapsabunu, -nu (./...) soft soap, arapsaçı, -m (./..) 1. fuzzy hair. 2. tangled affair, mess. — gibi mixed up, tangled. —na dönmek to turn into a mess, become thoroughly confused, araptavşanı, -ni (./...) zool. jerboa, Jaculus jaculus.
arapzamki, -m (./..) gum arabic.
ararot, -tu arrowroot (starch). — kamışı bot.
   arrowroot, Maranta arundinacea.
Arasat Islam the place of the Last Judgment, arasız continuously, arasöz (./.) digression, arasta shops of the same trade built in a row. araşit, -ti bot. peanut plant, Arachis hypogaea. araştırı research, investigation, a study, araştırıcı 1. researcher, investigator. 2. investigative. 3. prying, inquisitive, curious, araştırıcılık research, the work of a researcher, araştırma investigation, research, a study. — filmi research film. — görevlisi researcher (a title which appertains to a particular academic rank within a university faculty). araştırmacı researcher.
araştırmak 111 1. to search thoroughly. 2. to investigate, explore, research, study, do research on. araştırman researcher.
aratmak 1. /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) sought. 2. hi to fail to fill the shoes of (a predecessor), aratmamak 111 to replace (a predecessor) to the satisfaction of others, aratümce (./..) gram, parenthetical clause, arayıcı 1. customs inspector. 2. searching. 3.
   astr. finder. — fişeği flare, a Very light, arayığımlık (./...) bonded warehouse, arayış search; way of searching, arayüz (./.) comp., see arabirim.
araz (-----) obs. symptoms.
arazbar (..—) classical Turk. mus. a makam, arazi (.—.) 1. piece of land; land. 2. open land, fields, or spaces. 3. lands; territory. — açmak to clear land. — arabası jeep. — hukuku land law. — olmak slang to get lost, beat it. — sahibi landowner. — tatbikatı mil. field exercise, —ye uymak slang to lay low. — vergisi land tax. — vitesi gear for four-wheel drive, arbede uproar, riot, tumult, noisy quarrel, arbitraj fin. arbitrage. arbitrajci/m. arbitrager, arbitrageur, arda 1. surveying stake, marking stake. 2. lathe chisel.
ardak
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arıtımyeri
                                   ardak prov. a fungal rot (affecting certain trees), ardaklanmak prov. (for a tree) to become infected with fungal rot. ardıç bot. juniper, Juniperus communis. — katranı juniper tar, cade oil. —m közü olmaz, yalancının sözü olmaz, proverb A liar’s word holds good no longer than juniper ashes hold coals. — rakısı gin, Hollands, ardiçkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. fieldfare, Turdus pilaris.
ardıl 1. consecutive. 2. successor. — görüntü psych, afterimage, ardılmak /a/ 1. to ride (s.o.) piggyback. 2. to pester, bother, harass. ardın ardm (./ ..) backwards, ardınca (./.) behind, following, ardışık consecutive, successive, sequent. — görüntü psych, afterimage. — sayılar math. consecutive numbers, ardışıklık consecutiveness, successiveness, sequence, sequency. ardışma coming in succession, ardışmak to come in succession, ardiye 1. warehouse. 2. warehousing charge, storage rent, arduvaz geol. slate, arena (./.) arena.
areometre (.../.) gravimeter, hydrometer, argaç woof, weft, argaçlamak hi to weave, argali zool. argali, argal, Ovis ammon. argın 1. tired; exhausted, worn-öut, spent. 2. prov. clumsy, bumbling; incapable; ineffectual.
argınlık 1. fatigue, tiredness. 2. prov. clumsiness; incapability; ineffectuality, argıt prov. mountain pass, saddle, col. argo (/.) 1. slang, cant. 2. argot, jargon, argon (/.) chem. argon.
argonot, -tu zool. argonaut, paper nautilus, Argonauta argos.
*ari zool. bee, Apis mellifera. —, bal alacak çiçeği bilir, proverb (A bee knows which flower will have honey.) A smart person knows which side his/her bread is buttered on. — beyi queen bee. —, bey olan kovana üşer, proverb (Bees swarm to the hive that has a queen.) People gather around leaders.
   —   dalağı honeycomb. — nm dikenini görüp balından el çekmek to be scared off by the difficulties involved in getting something good. — gibi 1. busy as a bee. 2. busily, industriously. — gibi eri olanın dağ kadar yeri olur, proverb (A family whose man is like a bee has lands as vast as mountains.) If a family or group has industrious members it will flourish. — gibi sokmak to say biting things. — kızdıranı sokar, proverb (A bee stings the person who teases it.) A person lashes out at his/her tormentor, even if he/she himself/herself will also suffer. — kovanı beehive. — kovanı gibi işlemek to hum with people, be very busy and
   crowded. — söğüdü, akıllı öğüdü sever.
   proverb An intelligent person loves advice as the bee loves a willow. — nm yuvasma/inine kazık/çöp dürtmek to ask for trouble.
2an pure. — dil language using no words or constructions borrowed from other languages; purified Turkish. — sili very clean, arıcı beekeeper, apiarist, arıcılık beekeeping, apiculture.
*arik 1. thin, scrawny, bony. 2. lean (meat).
   —  ata kuyruğu (da) yüktür, proverb (To the lean horse even its own tail is a burden.) Some people can’t even take care of themselves, let alone helping others. — at yol almaz, arık it av almaz, proverb, see Aç at yol almaz, aç it av almaz. — etten yağlı tirit olmaz, proverb (You can’t make good soup with lean meat.) You can’t expect to get something from nothing. — öküze bıçak ol-maz/çalmmaz. proverb (A skinny ox is safe from the butcher.) It is wrong to harm a helpless and harmless person.
2ank ditch, small canal. — a su gelene kadar kurbağanın gözü patlar, proverb, see Göle su gelinceye kadar kurbağanın gözü patlar.
arıkil (./.) kaolin, arıklamak prov., see arıklaşmak, arıklaşmak to get thin, get scrawny, arıklaştırmak hi to cause/allow (s.o./an animal) to get thin/scrawny, arıklatmak /i/ prov., see arıklaştırmak, arıklık thinness, scrawniness, boniness. Arıkovanı, -m (./...) astr. beehive cluster, Praesepe.
arıkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. bee-eater, Merops apiaster.
arıkuşugiller (./....) zool. Meropidae. arılama absolution, absolving, arılamak III to absolve, arılar zool. Apoidea. arılaşma purification, becoming pure, arılaşmak to become pure, arılaştırma purification, making (s.t.) pure, arılaştırmak h! to purify.
'arılık 1. purity. 2. cleanliness. 3. innocence.
   4. purity and simplicity of style.
2arilik apiary, place for beehives, arındırma purification, taking out impurities, arındırmak hi to purify, armik aseptic, sterile.
arınma 1. purification, becoming free from impurities. 2. catharsis, armmak to become clean, be purified, arısütü, -nü (./..) royal jelly.
'arış pole (of a wagon).
2arış weaving warp.
3arış cubit (measure equal to the distance from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow), arıtıcı detergent, arıtım 1. refining. 2. antisepsis, antimevi, -ni (../..) refinery, arıtımyeri, -ni (../..) see antimevi.
arıtkan
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arıtkan antiseptic.
arıtlama affirming (s.o.) to be of good character.
antlamak hi to affirm (s.o.) to be of good character.
arıtma 1. purification, cleaning. 2. refining, arıtmak hi 1. to clean, cleanse, purify. 2. to refine.
arız (—.) happening. — olmak /a/ to happen, occur, befall (to), arıza (—..) 1. defect, failure, breakdown, obstruction. 2. comp, crash; bug; failure. 3. unevenness, roughness (of the country). 4. mus. an accidental. — bulma comp, troubleshoot. — süresi comp, downtime. — yapmak to break down, go out of order, arızalanmak (—....) 1. to break down, go out of order. 2. comp, to crash, arızalı (—...) 1. defective, out of order. 2. uneven, rough, rugged, broken (country), arızasız (—...) 1. smooth. 2. working, in working order.
arızi (—) 1. accidental, casual. 2. temporary. Ari (-------) 1. (an) Aryan. 2. Aryan, of the Ar-
    yans.
ari (-------) 1. /dan/ free of. 2. /dan/ lacking. 3.
    bare, naked, arif (—.) knowing, wise. — isen bir gül yeter kokmaya, cahil isen gir bahçeye yıkmaya. proverb (If you are perceptive one rose is enough for you to smell, but if you are ignorant you climb into the garden to destroy it.) A word to the wise is enough. — olan anlasm/anlar. colloq. He/She who is wise will understand, ârifane (—.— .) obs. 1. sagely. 2. sage (remark/ action).
arifane (..— .) 1. meal to which each participant contributes a dish. 2. (doing s.t.) as a cooperative/joint effort. — ile (doing s.t.) as a cooperative/joint effort, arife eve. — günü the day before a religious holiday. — günü yalan söyleyenin (oruç yiyenin) bayram günü yüzü kara çıkar/ olur, proverb (He/She who tells a lie on the day before Bairam will be shamed the next day.) Liars are soon caught.
Aristo (./.) Aristotle.
Aristocu (./..) 1. (an) Aristotelian. 2. Aristotelian, pertaining to Aristotelianism. Aristoculuk (./...) Aristotelianism. aristokrasi aristocracy, aristokrat, -ti 1. aristocratic. 2. aristocrat, aristokratlık aristocracy.
Aristoteles Aristotle.
Aristotelesçi 1. (an) Aristotelian. 2. Aristotelian, pertaining to Aristotelianism.
Ar istotelesçilik Aristotelianism. aritmetik 1. arithmetic. 2. arithmetic, arithmetical. — dizi arithmetic series, arithmetic progression. — işlem arithmetical operation, aritmetiksel arithmetic, arithmetical, ariya (/..) naut. lowering; dipping.
ariyet, -ti (—..) lent, on loan.
ariyeten (—...) as a loan, for temporary use.
ariz amik (.— .—) thoroughly.
Arjantin (./.) 1. Argentina, the Argentine. 2.
   Argentine, Argentinean, of Argentina. Arjantinli (./..) 1. (an) Argentine, (an) Argentinean. 2. Argentine, Argentinean, (s.o.) who is from Argentina, ark, -ki irrigation trench, canal, arka 1. the back. 2. back part, rear, back side, reverse. 3. hind, back, posterior. 4. rump, buttocks, fanny. 5. the space behind/beyond. 6. powerful friend, backer, supporter; pull, influence. 7. sequel, the remaining part. 8. a back load (of s.t.). — dakiler those left behind (by s.o. who has died/departed), —dan
   1. from behind, in the back; behind the back.
   2. afterwards. — sma behind. — smda 1. behind. 2. after, —smdan 1. from behind. 2. after. 3. while (s.o.) is not present, —sı alınmak to be ended, be cut off, be stopped.
   —sim almak Iml to bring (s.t.) to an end.
   —  arka backwards. — arkaya one after the other, —dan arkaya secretively. — arkaya vermek to back each other, join forces, —sma bakmadan gitmek to leave without looking back. — beyin anat. metencephalon, afterbrain, —da bırakmak 111 to leave behind.
   —ya bırakmak hi to postpone, put off.
   —sim bırakmak Iml 1. to stop chasing. 2. to stop following up. —sim bırakmamak Iml to follow up, stick to. — bulmak to find a friend in power. — çevirmek /a/ to shun, turn one’s back (on). — sim çevirmek to turn one’s back, refuse to be concerned. — çıkmak /a/ to befriend, back. — sim dayamak /a/ to rely on the help and protection (of), —smda dolaşmak Iml to pester (s.o.) about doing something, at every opportunity to urge (s.o.) to do something, —sma düşmek Iml 1. to follow up (a matter). 2. to follow the example of (another), —sı gelmek to continue. — smı getirememek Iml to be unable to carry through (a matter), —smda gezmek Iml see arkasında dolaşmak, —da kalanlar those left behind (by s.o. who has died/departed), —da kalmak 1. to stay behind; to be left behind. 2. to be overshadowed, lose by comparison. — ya kalmak to be left behind; to lag behind. — kapıdan çıkmak 1. to fail out of a school. 2. to be fired for incompetence, —sı kesilmek to run out, be used up (and not replenished), —smdan koşmak Iml to pursue (s.o.) to get a thing done. — ya koymak 111 see arkaya bırakmak. —sı mihrapta olmak to have strong backing. — müziği background music. —sı olmamak to be without influential friends, have no pull, —sı pek having influence, having connections. — planda 1. in the background. 2. of minor importance. — sayfa print, verso, left page. — sı sıra following, right after, on one’s heels. — smi
arka-
57
Arnavut
   sıvamak/sıvazlamâk Iml to compliment, butter up. — sokak back street, —dan söylemek to talk behind someone’s back, gossip. —smdan sürüklemek hi to influence (s.o.) to follow/accompany, get (s.o.) to come along, —sma takılmak Iml to follow along after (s.o.), follow (s.o.) around, —smdan teneke çalmak Iml 1. to gossip about, run down. 2. to shout insults at (s.o.) as he/she leaves, —/—sı üstü on one’s back, —sı var (for a newspaper serial) to be continued. —sim vermek /a/ 1. to lean one’s back (against). 2. to rely on (s.o.’s) support, —dan vurmak hi to stab (s.o.) in the back, —sı yere gelmemek not to be defeated, —sı yufka. 1. This is all there is ./There’s nothing to follow this (said when serving a one-course meal). 2. He’s/She’s wearing • practically nothing (said of s.o. who is wearing thin clothes in cold weather). 3. He’s/ She’s got no one substantial backing him/ her. —sında yumurta küfesi yok ya! colloq., see Sırtında yumurta küfesi yok ya! arka- prefix back-, hind-, posterior .... arkabölge (./..) hinterland, arkaç prov. 1. sheepfold. 2. sheltered place in the mountains suitable for protecting a flock, arkadaş friend. — canlısı one who values friendship. — değil, arka taşı, colloq. He/ She is a troublesome friend ./His/Her friendship is a burden. — olmak to become friends, —mı söyle, kim olduğunu söyleyeyim. proverb Tell me who your friends are and I will tell you who you are. arkadaşça (../.) like friends, in a friendly manner.
arkadaşlık friendship. — etmek 1. /a/ to accompany. 2. /la/ to be a friend (of), arkaik archaic.
arkalamak hi 1. to hoist (s.t./s.o.) up onto one’s back. 2. to back, support, protect, arkalı having good connections, having influential friends, arkalık 1. a sleeveless jacket. 2. back (of a chair, seat, etc.). 3. stout, padded frame (used by a porter to support the load on his back). 4. carrier (of a bicycle), arkalıklı (chair, seat, etc.) having a back, backed.
arkalıksız (chair, seat, etc.) without a back, backless.
arkdüzen (/..) system of ditches for drainage/ irrigation, arkebüz harquebus, arquebus, arkeen geol. Archean formations, arkegon bot. archegonium, archegone. arkeolog archaeologist, archeologist. arkeoloji archaeology, archeology, arkeolojik archaeological, archeological, arkeopteriks -archaeopteryx, arketip, -pi archetype, arkoz geol. arkose, a granite sandstone.
Arktik Arctic. — daire the Arctic Circle. —
    kuşak the Arctic Zone, arlanmak to feel ashamed, be ashamed, arma (/.) 1. coat of arms, armorial bearings.
    2. naut. rigging. 3. slang jewelry. 4. slang scolding. — budatmak naut., see arma uçurmak. — doldurmak naut. to fast the rigging, tauten the standing rigging. — donatmak naut. to set the rigging, rig a ship.
    —     soymak naut. to take down the rigging, unrig a ship. — uçurmak naut. to cut the rigging, lose the rigging (in a storm), armada armada, armador naut. rigger.
armadura (../.) naut. plate at the edge of the deck with holes for fastening rigging, armağan 1. gift, present. 2. award, prize. — etmek /ı, a/ to present (s.t.) as a gift/an award to (s.o.). armağanlamak hi to present (s.o.) with a gift/ an award; to reward, armalı (/..) 1. decorated with a coat of arms; bearing a symbol. 2. slang purposely ambiguous (statement), slippery (words), armatör shipowner.
armatörlük the operation of a shipping line, armatür 1. armature. 2. condenser plate, armoni mus. harmony.
armonik 1. harmonic, harmonical. 2. harmonica, mouth organ. 3. accordion, armonika (../.) 1. harmonica, mouth organ. 2.
    accordion, armonyum (./.) harmonium.
armudi (.------) pear-shaped.
armudiye (.—..) a pear-shaped gold medallion, armut 1. pear (the fruit). 2. bot. pear tree, Pyrus communis. 3. slang fool, imbecile, blockhead. — ağacı bot. pear tree, Pyrus communis. — dalının dibine düşer, proverb (A pear lands under the tree.) 1. A person is helpful to those nearest him/her. 2. A child shows his/her ancestry. 3. An assistant imitates his/her master. 4. A person settles near those who can protect him/her. —un iyisini (dağda) ayılar yer. proverb (The bears get the best pears.) The undeserving are often lucky. — un önü, kirazın sonu, proverb (The first of the pears and the last of the cherries.) The first pears are the best just as the last cherries of the season are the best. — piş, ağzıjna düş. colloq. (Pear, get ripe and fall right into my mouth.) He/She expects things to fall into his/her lap without doing anything about it himself/herself. — un sapı var, üzümün/ kirazın çöpü var demek to find a fault in everything. —u soy ye, elmayı say ye. proverb Peel pears and eat them; but count apples as you eat them, armutkabağı, -nı (./...) a pear-shaped gourd, armuttop, -pu (./.) punching bag. armuz naut. seam, joint (between planks). Arnavut 1. (an) Albanian. 2. Albanian, pertaining to Albania; of Albania. — bacası
arnavutbiberi
58
art
    dormer window. — derzi pointing of a rough stone wall. — peyniri a ball-shaped goat’s-milk cheese from Albania, —a sormuşlar: “Cehenneme gider misin?” diye, “Aylık kaç?” demiş, proverb (They asked the Albanian, “Will you go to hell?” He/She replied, “What’s the pay?”) If a person’s need is strong enough he/she will take a very unattractive job. — zarı slang loaded die, trick die. arnavutbiberi, -ni (../...) red pepper, arnavutciğeri, -ni (../...) fried liver.
 Arnavutça (../.) 1. Albanian, the Albanian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Albanian, Albanian. 3. Albanian (speech/writing); spoken in Albanian; written in Albanian, arnavutkaldinmi, -ni (../....) rough cobblestone pavement.
 'Arnavutluk 1. Albania. 2. Albanian, Albania, of Albania.
2Arnavutluk being an Albanian, arnavutluk colloq. stubbornness, obstinacy.
   —u tutmak colloq. to get stubborn, arnika (./.) bot. arnica, Arnica montana. aroma (./.) aroma.
 aromali (./..) (s.t.) which has an aroma, aromatic.
aromatik aromatic. — bileşikler chem. aromatic compounds. — hidrokarbonlar chem. aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatiklik aromaticity, aromaticness, aromatizasyon aromatization. arozöz watering truck, sprinkler, arp, -pi harp (a musical instrument), arpa 1. bot. barley, Hordeum vulgare. 2. slang money, (bir) — boyu kadar gitmek to show little progress. — eken buğday biçmez. proverb (You can’t sow barley and get wheat.) If you act badly you will get a bad response. — ektim, darı çıktı, colloq. (I sowed barley and got millet.) I did not get what I expected ./It was a disappointment. — samanıyla, kömür dumanıyla, proverb (Barley comes with its straw, and coal burns with smoke.) Nothing is without drawbacks.
    —  şehriye grain-shaped macaroni. — unundan kadayıf olmaz, proverb (You can not make rolled pastry out of barley flour.) One has to use the right materials or the result will be a failure. — verilmeyen at, kamçı zoruyla yürümez, proverb (Feed the horse barley or it won’t respond to the whip.) If you don’t pay properly, you can’t expect good work.
 arpacı 1. seller of barley. 2. slang thief. — ya borç eden, ahırını tez satar, proverb (A person who goes into debt to the barley salesman will soon sell his/her barn.) A person goes out of business fast if he/she operates on borrowed money. — kumrusu gibi düşünmek to brood over a hopeless situation, arpacık. 1. sty (on the eyelid). 2. front sight (of a-gun).
arpacıksoğanı, -ni (../...) bot. shallot, Allium ascalonicum. arpağ a charm/prayer once used by Turkish shamans, arpağan prov. wild barley, arpalama founder, laminitis. arpalamak slang to have one’s business go bad, lose one’s job, go broke, arpalık 1. barley field. 2. barley bin; granary for barley. 3. mark on the nippers of a young horse which wears away with old age. 4. hist, a regular grant given to various officials and personages. 5. a person from whom a sponger benefits; a place/situation that supports a sponger. — yapmak /ı/ to exploit (a place) as an easy source of income/comfort, arpasuyu, -nu (./..) slang beer, arpçı harpist, harp player, arpej mus. arpeggio.
arsa (/.) plot of vacant land, vacant lot, building site, arsenik chem. arsenic, arsıulusal international.
arsız 1. shameless; impudent, insolent; saucy, sassy, troublesome, spoiled (child); bold, pushing, importunate. 2. vigorous (plant), encroaching. — neden arlanır, çul da giyer sallanır, proverb A shameless person is never abashed; he/she swaggers even when in rags. — m yüzüne tükürmüşler, ‘ ‘ Yağmur yağıyor,” demiş, proverb They spat in the face of the shameless person, and he/she said, “It is raining.” arsızca (./.) 1. unabashedly, impertinently. 2.
   impertinent (action), arsızlanmak to act shamelessly; to be impudent/ importunate, arsızlaşmak to become shameless/impudent, arsızlık shamelessness; impudence, insolence; boldness, importunity. — etmek to behave shamelessly, arslan zool. lion, Panther a leo, Felis leo.
'arş mil. March.
2arş Islam the highest heaven.
3arş trolley pole, arşe violin bow.
arşın ell, yard, cubit (a unit of length ranging between 60 and 70 cm.) — malı kantar ile satılmaz, proverb (Yard goods are not sold by weight.) Different subjects demand different standards of judgment, arşınlamak hi 1. to measure by the yard. 2. to stride through, arşidük, -kü archduke, arşidüşes archduchess, arşiv archives.
art 1. back, behind, rear; hinder part, hind. 2. the space behind. 3. sequel, —mdan 1. following. 2. in pursuit of. 3. immediately after. —ını almak /in/ to complete. — ı arası kesilmemek see ardı arkası kesilmemek.
   —   arda one after another, continually. —i
art-
59
arzulamak
    arkası gelmemek not to come to an end. —i arkası kesilmemek to continue without a break, go on incessantly, —mdan atlı/ tatar koyarcasına (running) as if chased by the devil. — ayağı ile kulağını kaşımak to indulge in unmannerly behavior, —mı bırakmamak Iml to follow up, stick to. — ma düşmek Iml 1. to follow in the steps of. 2. to pursue, follow up. — düşünce hidden intent. — elden underhandedly, slyly. — eteğinde namaz kıl. colloq. (You might perform the ritual prayer on the back of her skirt.) She is completely virtuous. — ma kadar açık wide open (door/window). — kafa anat. occiput. — ı kesilmek to run out, cease to be available, —mı kesmek Iml to stop, prevent, end. — niyet hidden intent, —mdan sapan taşı yetişmez, colloq. (A stone from a sling could not catch up with him/her.) He/She goes (is going) very fast. — ı sıra
   1.     behind, (trailing) along behind. 2. immediately after. — ı sıra gitmek Iml to follow, trail after. — teker back wheel, —mda yüz köpek havlamayan kurt, kurt sayılmaz. proverb (A wolf is not a real wolf unless there are a hundred dogs barking at his back.) No important man is without his critics, art- prefix back-, rear ..., posterior .... artağan exceptionally fruitful, very productive, artağanlık fruitfulness, productivity, artakalan (./..) 1. what is left over. 2. still existing even though outdated, artakalmak (./..} /dan/ to be left over, remain over (from), artam excellence, merit, artamh excellent, virtuous, artan 1. increasing. 2. remaining, left over. — oranlı math, progressive. — oranlı tarife fin. progressive tariff. — oranlı vergi fin. progressive tax. artar com. interest.
artavurt (/..) back part of a cheek pouch. — ünsüzü phon. lateral consonant, artçı 1. rear guard. 2. archaist, archaizer. artçılık guarding the rear, artdamak (/..) hard palate. — ünsüzü phon.
   velar consonant, arter 1. anat. artery. 2. artery, arterial road, arterioskleroz path, arteriosclerosis, arterit, -ti path, arteritis, artezyen artesian well. — kuyusu artesian well, artı 1. math. plus. 2. positive. — sayı positive number. — uç 1. positive pole (on a storage battery). 2. anode. — yük positive charge.
   —   yüklü positively charged.
'artık 1. left, left over. 2. remnant, residue. 3. superfluous, redundant, extra. 4.fin. surplus.
   —   kasım path, extrasystole. — mal göz çıkarmaz, proverb, see Fazla mal göz çıkarmaz.
2artık (/.) 1. now, well then. 2. finally; from now on. 3. any more (used with a negative verb).
artıkdeğer (./..) fin. residual value; profit, artıkgün (./.) leap-year day, leap day, February 29th. artiklama redundancy, padding, artikyil (./.) leap year, artım increase.
artimlama repetition for effect, reiteration, artımlı 1. increasing, multiplying. 2. swelling, that swells when cooked, artirgan med. adjuvant.
artırılmak 1. to be increased. 2. to be saved, be accumulated. 3. (for a bid) to be raised, artırım 1. economy, saving. 2. raise, increase in income. 3. mus. augmentation, artırma 1. saving, economizing. 2. auction, artırmak 1. hi to increase, expand, add to. 2. hi to leave some (of s.t.) over purposely, save. 3. hi to offer more (for), raise the bid for (at an auction). 4. to go too far. artırmalı by auction. — satış auction, artış increase, augmentation, artist, -ti 1. actor; actress. 2. performer. — gibi tall and handsome, shapely and beautiful, artistik artistic. — patinaj figure skating, artistlik 1. being an actor/an actress. 2. acting (as a profession), artmak 1. to increase. 2. to remain, be left over, artoda (/..) anat. posterior chamber, artrit, -ti path, arthritis, artrozpath, arthrosis, artzamanli (/...) ling, diachronic, artzamanlilik (/....) ling, diachrony, arusek (.—.) brilliantly iridescent greenish and rose-colored mother-of-pearl used for inlaid ornamentation, aruz prosody written according to the rules of classical Ottoman poetry, arya (.'.) mus. aria.
Aryanizm Arianism. aryetta (./.) mus. arietta, aryoso (./.) mus. arioso.
'arz the earth.
2arz 1. width. 2. latitude. — dairesi parallel of latitude.
3arz 1. presentation, demonstration, showing.
    2.    com. supply. — etmek see arzetmek. — ve talep com. supply and demand, arzetmek (/..) 1. /i, a/ to present (a gift/a petition/one’s compliments) to. 2. hi to show, give the appearance of. 3. /i, a/ to offer (s.t.) for (sale), arziyat, -ti obs. geology, arzu wish, desire, longing. — etmek hi to wish (for), want; to long (for), desire, —sunda olmak to have a wish (to do s.t.). — üzerine on request, arzuhal, -li petition, written application. — gibi/kadar very long (letter), arzuhalci writer of petitions, street letter -writer.
arzuhalcilik the job of a street letter-writer, arzulamak hi to wish (for), want; to long (for), desire.
arzulu
60
asileşmek
arzulu desirous, wishing, longing.
As. (abbr. for Askeri) mil. (military).
'as 1. playing cards ace. 2. ace, champion.
2as zool. ermine, stoat, Mustela ermine a. as- prefix, see ast-. asa (.—) scepter, staff, stick, baton, asabi (..—-) 1. nervous, irritable, on edge. 2. neural.
asabileşmek (..— ..) to get nervous, be irritated.
asabilik (..— .) nervousness, irritability, asabiye 1. nervous diseases. 2. neurology, neuropathology. 3. colloq. department of neurology (in a hospital), asabiyeci colloq. nerve specialist, neurologist, neuropathologist, asabiyet, -ti nervousness, irritability, asal 1. basic, fundamental. 2. med. basal.
    —      eksen major axis. — renkler primary colors. — sayı math, prime number. — ya-pım-yıkım biol. basal metabolism, asalak 1. parasite. 2. colloq. hanger-on, sponger, asalakbilim (../..) parasitology, asalaklık 1. parasitism. 2. colloq. sponging, freeloading.
asalet, -ti (.—.) 1. nobility, nobleness. 2. definitive appointment. 3. lit. elevated style of expression.
asaleten (.—'..) law (functioning) as the principal person and not as a representative, asamble assembly, council, asansör elevator, Brit. lift, asap (—.) nerves. — bozukluğu a nervous upset. —i bozulmak to get nervous, be upset. —ma dokunmak Iml to get on (one’s) nerves, irritate.
asar (------) obs. monuments, works.
asanatika (--------..—.) obs. antiquities, ancient
    monuments.
asayiş (------.) public order, public security. —
    berkemal. All’s well, asbaşkan (/..) deputy chief, vice-president, asbest, -ti geol. asbestos. — yünü asbestos yarn, asbestos, aselbent 1. storax, gum benzoin. 2. bot. storax, Sty rax officinalis. asenkron (/..) asynchronous, asepsi med. asepsis, aseptik med. aseptic.
                                    asetat, -ti 1. chem. acetate, a salt, ester, or acylal of acetic acid. 2. print, acetate, asetilen chem. acetylene, aseton 1. nail-polish remover. 2. chem. acetone. — işeme path, acetonuria, ketonuria. asfalt, -ti 1. asphalt 2. paved with asphalt. 3.
    paved road. — biti slang VW bug. asfaltlamak hi to asphalt, pave with asphalt, asfaltlanmak to be asphalted, be paved with asphalt.
asfalyaları gevşemek slang to go weak, become too limp to stand, asgari (..—) minimum, least. — ücret minimum wage.
'ası profit, benefit.
2ası 1. being suspended. 2. suspense, —da ol-mak/kalmak to be in suspense.
3asi poster, placard, bill, asicil selfish.
asık 1. sulky. 2. hanging. — surat sullen face.
    —      suratlı/yüzlü sulky, sullen, asıl, -sli 1. original, the original. 2. origin, original form. 3. truth, reality; basis. 4. actual, true; real, essential. 5. (/.) the most important, main. 6. (/.) actually, essentially. — m-da actually, essentially; originally. — ı astarı essence, true form. — ı astarı olmamak to be unfounded, not to be true. — azmaz, bal kokmaz, proverb (Just as honey does not spoil, the inner nature of something is constant.) Appearances may change, but character is unchanging. — ına bakılırsa the truth of the matter (is). — ı çıkmak to be confirmed, —i esası yok. colloq. There is no truth in it. —i faslı olmamak see aslı astarı olmamak. —ı faslı yok. colloq., see Aslı esası yok. —mı inkâr eden haramzadedir, proverb, see Aslını saklayan haramzadedir. — ı nesli origin, background, —mı saklayan haramzadedir. proverb He/She who rejects his/her origin is a bastard. — sayılar math, cardinal numbers. — ı var. colloq. It is substantially true./It is founded on fact. — vurgu phon. primary accent. — ı yok. colloq. It is not true, asilak parasite.
aşılanma profiting, benefiting, aşılanmak /dan/ to profit (from), benefit (from), asılı 1. hanging, suspended. 2. in suspense, asılmak 1. to hang, be hung. 2. to be hanged.
    3. to insist. 4. /a/ slang to pester, bother.
    5. /a/ to pull hard. Asılma, depoya gider. slang Don’t bother her, she is an honest woman.
asılmışadam (../..) bot. male orchis, early purple orchid, Orchis mascula. asılsız unfounded; insubstantial, trifling, asıltı phys. suspension, asilzade (..— .) see asilzade, asım hanging, suspension. — takım jewelry, ornaments.
asıntı 1. delay. 2. pestering, bothering. — ya bırakmak 111 to delay, postpone, asır, -sn 1. century. 2. age, time, period, era.
    Asrı Saadet the era of the Prophet, asırlık a century old.
asi (------) 1. rebellious, refractory. 2. rebel.
aside (.—.) dish made of okra with ground meat and flour, asidimetre (.../.) acidimeter. asil 1. noble, aristocratic. 2. honorable, praiseworthy, noble (action). 3. definitively appointed, permanent (official). 4. performing the duties of an office by right and not as a substitute. 5. law principal (as distinguished from an agent).
asileşmek (--------..) to rebel, become rebellious,
    be unruly.
asilik                                                61
asilik (------.) 1. rebelliousness. 2. rebellion. —
    etmek to rebel, asillik'nobility, high birth, blue blood, asilzade         1.  nobleman, aristocrat, peer. 2.
    feudal lord. 3. slang pimp, procurer, pander, asilzadelik          nobility,  nobleness,
asimetri asymmetry, asimetrik asymmetric, asimilasyon assimilation, asimile used in: — etmek 111 to assimilate. — olmak to be assimilated, asimptot, -tu geom. asymptote, asistan 1. assistant (professor). 2. assistant doctor.
asistanlık assistantship. asit chem. acid, asitborik chem. boric acid, asitli acidic, containing acid, asitölçer (./..) acidimeter.
As. İz. (abbr. for Askeri İnzibat) MP (Military Police), ask, -ki bot. ascus. askarit zool. ascarid.
askat, -ti (/.) submultiple, aliquot part; division, asker 1. soldier; soldiers. 2. military service.
    3. respectful toward social conventions. 4. militant, valiant. 5. slang money. —e alınmak to be drafted. — e almak /ı/ to draft, enlist, recruit. — e çağırmak hi to draft.
    —e çağrılmak to be drafted. — çantası soldier’s knapsack. — e gitmek to go to do one’s military service, go into the army. — kaçağı deserter. — ocağı place of military service. — olmak to join the army. — tayını soldier’s ration. — yazmak hi to enroll/ enlist (s.o.) in the army, askerce (./.) 1. soldierly, befitting a soldier, military (act). 2. as a soldier should, askeri (..—) military, pertaining to the army.
    —  akademi military academy. — bando military band. — ceza hukuku military penal law. — heyet military mission. — inzibat military police, military policeman. — karakol military guard post. — mahkeme military court, court-martial. — mıntıka military zone. — suç military offense. — temyiz mahkemesi military court of appeals. •
askerileşmek (..—-..) to become militarized, askerileştirmek (..— ...) hi to militarize, askeriye the armed forces, the military, askerlik 1. the military profession. 2. compulsory military service. — çağı draft age. — dairesi regional draft office. — etmek to do one’s military service. — hizmeti/görevi compulsory military service. — öğrenimi military training. — şubesi local draft office.
    —  yapmak to do one’s military service. — yoklaması roll call of those awaiting the draft.
                                                                        askı 1. hanger, hook, anything by which another thing is suspended. 2. suspenders,Brit, braces.
    3. clothes hanger. 4. coat rack. 5. med. sling.
    6. the posting (of an announcement). 7. fruit threaded and hung for drying. 8. necklace or
                                                                                         aslankuyruğu
   gold chain worn by women. 9. twigs placed so that silkworms will spin their cocoons on them. 10. something hung on the wall of a coffee house as a reward for the winner of a minstrelsy contest. 11. a piece of cloth hung at the top of a newly completed house by the owner as a reward for the builder. 12. a piece of cloth tied to the wedding vehicle as a present for the driver. 13. decorations hung above the bride’s throne at a wedding. — ya almak hi 1. to prop up (a building) temporarily (for repairs). 2. to lift (a sunken/disabled ship) by lines from other ships, -—da bırakmak hi to leave in doubt, shelve (a matter).
   —ya çıkarmak hi to post (the banns). — ya çıkmak (for a silkworm) to start spinning its cocoon, —da kalmak to be unresolved, remain in suspense, askıcı 1. dealer in suspenders or coat hangers.
   2. slang slow to pay debts, askılı having a suspender/hanger. — etek a skirt with shoulder straps, a kind of jumper.
   —     yatak hammock, askılık coat rack, askiyeri, -ni (./..) coat closet, askli bot. ascomycetous. askospor bot. ascospore. asla (/—) never, by no means.
Aslan as trol. Leo.
aslan 1. zool. lion, Panther a!Felis leo. 2. brave man, plucky person. A—ım! colloq. My good friend! (a complimentary address that sometimes introduces a request). — ağzında olmak to be very hard to get. — gibi 1. like a lion, strongly built (person). 2. healthy.
   —  kesilmek to become as bold and strong as a lion. — kocaymca sıçan deliği gözetir. proverb (When a lion gets old he waits at a mousehole.) When a person gets past his prime he has to be content with less. — kükrerse, atm ayağı kösteklenir, proverb (When a lion roars he makes a horse stumble.) A threat of a powerful man paralyzes a helpless person. — ölüsünden tilkinin dirisi yeğdir, proverb It is better to be a living fox than a dead lion. — payı the lion’s share. — postunda, gönül dostunda, proverb (The lion in its skin and one’s heart with one’s beloved.) It is best when relations between things are appropriate. — sütü colloq. raki.
   —  sütü emmiş brave, heroic. — yatağından (yattığı yerden) bellidir (belli olur), pro verb (You can tell what kind of a lion he is by his lair.) You learn a lot about a person if you see how well his home is kept. — yürekli lionhearted.
aslanağzı, -ni (./..) 1. bot. snapdragon, Antirrhinum. 2. fountain spout in the shape of a lion’s head, aslanca (./.) heroically, aslangiller zool. Felidae. aslankuyruğu, -nu (./...) bot. motherwort, Leonurus car diaca.
aslanpençesi                                      62
aslanpençesi, -ni (./...) 1. bot. lady’s-mantle, Alchemilla. 2. path, carbuncle, anthrax carbuncle.
aslen (/.) originally, fundamentally, essentially, basically, aslık prov. sterile (woman, because of an organic defect).
asli (.—) fundamental, essential, principal, original. — ceza law the basic punishment given to one found guilty of a crime. — dava law principal claim; principal action. — haklar law fundamental rights. — maaş basic salary (of which the actually paid salary is a multiple). — nüsha original text. — üye founding member, asliye mahkemesi, -ni court of first instance.
'asma 1. vine. 2. grapevine. — bıyığı tendril. — çubuğu vine stem, shoot of a grapevine. — dikmek slang to refuse to pay back a loan.
   —      kütüğü vine stock. — yaprağı grape leaf. 2asma 1. suspension. 2. suspended, hanging. — kat mezzanine. — kilit padlock. — köprü suspension bridge. — sakal, takma bıyık slang swagger, boasting, empty talk, lying, asmabahçe (./..) hanging garden, asmabiti, -ni (./..) zool. grape phylloxera, grape louse, Phylloxera vitifoliae. asmagiller bot. Vitaceae. asmak 1. /ı, a/ to hang (s.t.) up (on), suspend (s.t.) (from). 2. /i/ to hang (a person). 3. /i/ slang to skip (school), play hooky (from), play truant (from). 4. hi slang to refuse to pay back (a debt). 5. hi slang to escape from the companionship of (another) (on the road). 6. hi slang to neglect. 7. hi slang to skip out on (a job/an obligation). Astığı astık, kestiği kestik, colloq. (The one whom he/she hangs is hanged; the one whom he/she slays is slain.) What he/she says goes, asıp kesmek colloq. 1. to act despotically; to play the tyrant. 2. to use threats, asmakabağı, -m (./...) a long edible squash.
Asor see Azor.
aspidistra (../.) bot. aspidistra, Aspidistra. aspiratör 1. small fan fixed in a windowpane;
   exhaust fan, suction fan. 2. med. aspirator, aspirin aspirin.
aspur bot. safflower, Carthamus tine tor ius. asri (.—) modern, up-to-date, asrileşmek (.—..) to be modernized, asrileştirmek (.— ...) hi to modernize, make (s.t.) modern, asrilik (.—.) modernity.
Ass. (abbr. for Asistan) Ass., Asst. (Assistant), ast, -ti a subordinate.
ast- prefix 1. under-, sub-. 2. second ...; vice-;
   deputy ...; mil. junior .... astar 1. tailor, lining. 2. priming coat, undercoat. 3. primer, priming, undercoater, undercoating, undercoat. 4. caulking. — bol olmayınca yüze gelmez, proverb (If the lining is skimpy it will not fit the garment.) One has to make allowances for contingencies. —
                                                                                                                 aş
   boyası undercoat, priming. — kaplama the layer next to the outer layer in plywood.
   —  kaplamak/koymak /a/ to line (a garment).
   —  vurmak /a/ to prime. — ı yüzünden pahalı olmak 1. to be expensive because money was wasted on extraneous matters. 2. (for a project) to cost more than it is worth.
                                                                    astarlamak hi 1. tailor, to line (a garment).
   2.    to prime, undercoat, astarlı 1. tailor, lined. 2. primed, undercoated, astarlık 1. tailor, (material) for lining. 2. suitable for use as a primer, astasım (/..) log. episyllogism. astat, -ti chem., see astatin. astatin chem. astatine.
asteğmen (/..) mil. lowest ranking army officer (below a second lieutenant), asteğmenlik (/...) mil. lowest rank of army officer, asteni asthenia, astım path, asthma, astımlı path, asthmatic.
astırmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.t.) hung. 2. to have (s.o.) hanged, astigmat, -ti astigmatic, astigmatizm astigmatism, astik slang pimp, procurer, pander, astragan astrakhan, astrofizik (/...) astrophysics, astrolog astrologer, astroloji astrology, astronom astronomer, astronomi astronomy.
astronomik astronomical, astronomic. — fiyat surprisingly high price, astronomic price. — rakam incomprehensibly high figure, astronomical number, astronot, -tu astronaut, astronotluk status of an astronaut, astropika (/...) subtropics, astropikal (/...) subtropical.
Astsb. (abbr. for Astsubay) NCO (Noncommissioned Officer), astsubay (/..) mil. noncommissioned officer. — başçavuş noncommissioned officer of the second rank. — çavuş noncommissioned officer of the fourth rank. — kıdemli başçavuş noncommissioned officer of the highest rank. — üstçavuş noncommissioned officer of the third rank, astsubaylık (/...) mil. the rank/duties of a noncommissioned officer.
asude (------.) obs. quiet, tranquil, at rest.
Asur (—.) 1. Assyria. 2. Assyrian, of Assyria. Asurca (—/.) 1. Assyrian, the Assyrian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Assyrian, Assyrian. 3. Assyrian (speech/writing); spoken in Assyrian; written in Assyrian.
Asya (/.) 1. Asia. 2. Asian, of Asia.
Asyali (/..) 1. (an) Asian. 2. Asian (person), asyön (/.) a direction on the compass intermediate between two cardinal directions, aş cooked food. — damı prov. kitchen. — de-
A.Ş.                                                63
   liye kalmak to have rival claimants drop out and thus get a hold on something, —mi, eşini, işini bil. proverb Know your food, your friend, and your work. — ocağı soup kitchen. — ı pişiren yağ olur, gelinin yüzü ağ olur, proverb (It is the oil that cooks the food, but the bride gets the credit.) A person who uses the right materials and equipment will be praised for doing a good job. — pişti, bayram geçti, colloq. (The food has all been cooked and the holiday is over.) It is too late. The opportunity has passed. — taşınca kepçeye paha olmaz. proverb (When the food is boiling over, the ladle is invaluable.) When something insignificant fits a need it gains importance.
   —ta tuzu bulunmak see çorbada tuzu bulunmak. — tuz ile, tuz oran ile. proverb (The food needs salt, but the salt needs moderation.) All things in moderation. — yermek (for a pregnant woman) 1. /a/ to crave (a food). 2. to crave certain foods.
A.Ş., Aş. (abbr. for Anonim Şirketi) JSC (Joint-Stock Company), aşağı 1. the lower part, bottom. 2. the one below. 3. lower. 4. poor in quality, inferior; low in value. 5. commonplace, common. 6. down, downstairs, —da 1. below. 2. downstairs. —ya 1. down, downwards. 2. downstairs. — almak hi to pull down, bring down, —dan almak to ingratiate o.s., adopt a humble attitude. — bitkiler bot. lower plants. — düşmek 1. to fall. 2. to decline.
   —   görmek /ı/ to look down (on), despise.
   —   kalır yeri/yanı olmamak /dan/ to be at least as good (as). — kalmak /dan/ to fall short (of). — kalmamak /dan/ not to be inferior (to). — koysam/korsam pas olur, yukarı koysam/korsam is olur, demek to be so fussy that none of the possible choices is acceptable. — kurtarmaz, colloq. 1. I can’t sell it any cheaper. 2. Nothing less will do. — mahalle sen misin, yukarı mahalle şen misin (diye gezmek) (to wander around) without stopping anywhere. — tabaka mob, lower class. — tükürsem sakal/s akalım, yukarı tükürsem bıyık/bıyığım, colloq. (If I spit downwards there is my beard, if I spit upwards there is my mustache.) I am faced with an impossible choice. — yukarı approximately, more or less. ... aşağı ... yukarı used in expressions such as: Şaban aşağı Şaban yukarı. It’s “Şaban” all the time, nothing but “Şaban.” —lı yukarılı 1. having an upper and a lower part; having two floors. 2. upstairs and downstairs.
aşağılama belittling, denigration, aşağılamak /i/ to run down, denigrate, aşağılaşmak to become inferior, degenerate, aşağılatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) run down, aşağılık 1. vulgarity. 2. coarse, vulgar. — duygusu/kompleksi psych, inferiority complex, aşağısama contempt.
                                                                                                            âşıksazı
aşağısamak hi to despise, hold in contempt, aşağsama see aşağısama, aşağsamak hi see aşağısamak, aşama 1. rank, degree, level, grade, position. 2. stage, phase. 3. mus. modulation. — aşama gradually, by degrees. — düzeni/sırası hierarchy, aşamalı gradual.
aşar (—.) hist, tithe, a tax on crops, aşçı see ahçı.
aşçıbaşı, -m (./..) see ahçıbaşı. aşçılık see ahçılık.
aşermek (/..) (for a pregnant woman) 1. /a/ to crave (a food). 2. to crave certain foods, aşevi, -ni (/..) 1. eating house, eatery, cheap/ inferior restaurant. 2. soup kitchen. 3. temporary kitchen. 4. kitchen in a dervish lodge, aşhane (.—.) soup kitchen, aşı 1. vaccine. 2. vaccination, inoculation. 3. hort. grafting, budding. 4. hort. scion, graft, bud (put into the stock). 5. artificial insemination. — iğnesi hypodermic needle. — kâğıdı certificate of vaccination. — kalemi hort. cutting used for grafting. — olmak to be vaccinated, be inoculated. — tutmak for a vaccination/a graft to take. — yapmak /a/
    1.    to vaccinate, inoculate. 2. hort. to graft, bud. aşıboyalı (./...) painted the color of red ocher, aşıboyası, -ni (./...) 1. red ocher. 2. brick red. aşıcı 1. vaccinator. 2. hort. grafter (of trees), âşık (—.) 1. in love. 2. lover. 3. wandering minstrel, Jbard, troubadour. 4. absentminded person. Aşık! Dear! (a familiar form of address).
    — lısı lover (of), devotee »(of). — âlemi kör, dört yanını duvar sanır, proverb The lover imagines all people blind and himself surrounded by walls, —a Bağdat sorulmaz, (—a Bağdat uzak [ırak] değil.) proverb (For one who is in love even Baghdad is not too far to go.) A person will make sacrifices for something he wants very much, —in gözü kördür, (—m gözü kör olur.) proverb Love is blind, —lar kahvesi coffee house frequented by wandering minstrels. — olmak /a/ to fall in love (with). — yolunu şaşırmış embroidery meander.
!aşık anat. astragalus, talus, anklebone, huckle-bone. — atmak 1. to play knucklebones. 2. colloq. /la/ to vie, compete with (a superior), —i bey/cuk/çuk oturmak colloq. to have everything going smoothly. — çıkıntısı anat. malleolus. — daima bey oturmaz, proverb (The knucklebone does not fall in the winning position every time.) Good luck does not continue indefinitely. — kemiği anat. anklebone, astragalus, talus. — oynamak to play knucklebones. — oyunu knucklebones. 2aşık arch, purlin, purline, binding rafter. — takozu purlin cleat, âşıkane ( — .—.) 1. amorously. 2. amorous (action/behavior). âşıklık (—..) love, devotion, attachment, âşıksazı, -m (—/..) the largest of the plucked
âşıktaş                                            64
    string instruments used in Turkish folk music, âşıktaş (—..) sweetheart, âşıktaşlık (—...) flirtation, love affair. — etmek to flirt, aşılama 1. vaccination, inoculation. 2. hort. grafting, budding. 3. hort. newly grafted (tree). 4. infection, spreading of an infection. 5. inculcation. 6. breeding; impregnation. 7. cooling/warming (a beverage) by adding a liquid to it. 8. cooling (a beverage). 9. mixing (one thing) with (another).
   10.     beverage that has been cooled/warmed by a liquid’s having been added to it. 11. cool beverage. 12. drink made by blending two beverages. 13. hort. grafted (plant). 14. (beverage) that has been cooled/warmed by a liquid’s having been added to it. 15. cool (beverage). 16. (beverage) that has had another beverage added to it. aşılamak 1. /ı/ to vaccinate, inoculate. 2. /i, a/ hort. to graft, bud (a graft) on to (a stock).
   3. /i, a/ to infect (s.o.) (with). 4. /i, a/ to inculcate, instill (ideas) (in). 5. /i/ to breed (animals); to impregnate (a female animal).
   6. I\l to cool/warm (a beverage) by adding a liquid to it. 7. /i/ to cool (a beverage). 8.
    /i, a/ to mix (one thing) with (another), aşılanmak 1. to be vaccinated, be inoculated.
   2. hort. to be grafted, be budded. 3. (for animals) to be bred; (for a female animal) to be impregnated, aşılatmak 1. h! to have (s.o.) vaccinated; to allow (s.o.) to be vaccinated; /a, 1/ to have (one person) vaccinate (another). 2. hi hort. to have (a plant) grafted; /a, i/ to have (s.o.) graft (a plant). 3. hi to have (animals) bred;
    /a, i/ to have (s.o.) breed (animals); hi to have (a female animal) impregnated; /a, ı/ to cause (a male animal) to impregnate (a female animal), aşılayım inculcation.
aşılı 1. vaccinated, inoculated. 2. hort. grafted/ budded (plant). 3. (animals) which have been bred; (female animal) which has been impregnated, aşım 1. insemination, breeding (of animals); impregnation (of a female animal). 2. mus. crossing of parts. 3. passage, lapse (of time). — istasyonu animal breeding station, aşındırıcı abrasive, abradant, aşındırma abrasion.
aşındırmak hi 1. to abrade, wear away. 2. to eat away, aşınım 1. erosion. 2. corrosion, aşınma 1. corrosion. 2. wear and tear. 3. erosion. — payı amortization, aşınmak 1. to wear away, be abraded, be corroded, be eroded. 2. to lose its value, depreciate, aşıntı worn spot.
aşır, -şrı a selection of ten verses from the Koran recited after the ritual prayer.
                                                                                                       aşırtıcı
aşıramento (.../.) slang theft. — etmek hi to walk off with, swipe, aşırı 1. excessive, extreme. 2. excessively, extremely. 3. over, beyond. 4. every other: gün aşırı every other day. — derecede excessively. — gitmek to go beyond bounds, overshoot the mark, exceed the limit, go to excess, go to extremes. — istek passionate desire. — istihdam overemployment. — ya kaçmak see aşırı gitmek. — oluşum path. hyperplasia. — uç either of the extreme ends of the political spectrum. — uzay hyperspace. — yükleme comp, overloading, aşırıbellem (../..) hypermnesia. aşırıbesi overfeeding, overeating, aşırıcı 1. extremist. 2. plagiarist, aşırıcılık 1. excessiveness, extravagance. 2.
   extremism. 3. plagiarism, aşırıdoyma (../..) supersaturation, aşırıduyu (../..) hyperesthesia, aşırıergime (../...) phys. supercooling, aşırılık excessiveness, —a kaçmak to go to excess, go to extremes, aşırılmak 1. /dan, a/ to be conveyed/passed over (one place) to (another); /dan/ to be gotten over, be passed over (a high place); /dan, a/ (for goods) to be transported through (one place) to (another place); /dan/ to be propelled over (the heads of others). 2. (for a danger) to be avoided. 3. colloq. to be swiped, be stolen. 4. to be plagiarized. 5. /a/ to be grabbed and taken to (a place). 6. (for a limit) to be exceeded.
   7.    (for an unwanted visitor) to be gotten rid of, be put off. aşırma 1. /ı, dan/ getting (s.t.) over (a high place); /i, dan/ propelling (s.t.) over (the heads of others); /i, dan, a/ transporting (goods) through (one place) to (another). 2. Ill colloq. stealing, theft. 3. plagiarizing, plagiarism. 4. arch, purlin, purline. 5. girth (for a saddle, pack, etc.). 6. prov. small cauldron; bucket. 7. (s.t.) which has been stolen, stolen (article). 8. plagiarized. — ateşi mil. overhead fire. — kayış belt (used to drive a machine). — yelken naut. lugsail. aşırmacı plagiarist.
aşırmacılık 1. taking things without the owner’s permission. 2. plagiarism, aşırmak 1. /ı, dan/ to get (s.t.) over (a high place); /i, dan/ to propel (s.t.) over (the heads of others); /i, dan, a/ to transport/ convey (goods) through (one place) to (another place). 2. h! to steer clear of, manage to avoid (a danger). 3. Ill colloq. to make off with, swipe, steal. 4. hi to plagiarize. 5. /i, a/ to grab (s.o./s.t.) and take him/her/it to (a place). 6. hi to exceed (a limit). 7. hi to get rid of (an unwanted visitor) without offending him/her. aşırmasyon slang theft, stealing, aşırtı embezzlement, aşırtıcı embezzler.
 aşırtma
aşırtma 1. /a, ı, dan/ causing/allowing (s.o.) to get (s.t.) over (a high place); causing/allowing (s.o.) to propel (s.t.) over (the heads of others). 2. /i, dan/ getting (s.t.) over (a high place); propelling (s.t.) over (the heads of others). 3. soccer a kick that sends the ball over the heads of the players, aşırtmak 1. /a, ı, dan/ to cause/allow (s.o.) to get (s.t.) over (a high place); /a, ı, dan/ to cause/allow (s.o.) to propel (s.t.) over (the heads of others); /a, 1/ to cause/allow (s.o.) to cross (a high place). 2. /a, 1/ to cause (s.o.) to avoid (a danger). 3. /a, ı/ colloq. to make (s.o.) steal (s.t.); to allow (s.o.) to steal (s.t.).
   4.    /a, 1/ to have (s.o.) plagiarize (s.t.). 5. /a, ı/ to have (s.o.) get rid of (an unwanted visitor) without offending him/her. 6. /i, dan/ to get (s.t.) over (a high place); to propel (s.t.) over (the heads of others), aşısız 1. unvaccinated. 2. hort. ungrafted, aşıt, -ti prov. 1. mountain pass. 2. viaduct. 3. a place/difficulty to be surmounted, aşıtaşı, -m (./..) geol. ocher, aşifte (—..) lascivious woman, Brit. tart, aşikâr (—..) manifest, evident, clear, open, aşina (—) 1. familiar, well-known. 2. acquaintance. 3. /a/ knowing, acquainted (with). — (aşina), çıktı ocak başına, colloq. (As he/she got to be well received he/she moved to the seat beside the hearth.) He/She has taken advantage of the friendly behavior of others, aşinalık (—-.— .) 1. acquaintance, intimacy. 2. gesture of salutation. — göstermek /a/ to show an interest in (s.o.), be concerned (for), aşiret, -ti (.—.) tribe, nomadic tribe, aşiyan (—..) obs. 1. nest. 2. house, aşk, -ki love, passion. (...) — ma for the sake of: Allah aşkına for the love of God, for Heaven’s sake. — ağlatır, dert söyletir. proverb Love makes one cry; trouble makes one talk. — çekmek colloq. to suffer the pangs of love. — etmek /ı, a/ see aşketmek. —a gelmek to go into a rapture, be enraptured. — ile with great zeal. — olmayınca meşk olmaz, pro ver b Without devotion there is no genius, aşketmek (/..) /ı, a/ to land (a blow) on (s.o.’s face).
aşkın 1. excessive. 2. hi more than, over, beyond. 3. transcendent, transcendental. — sigorta overinsurance, aşkmcı see deney üs tücü. aşkıncılık see deneyüstücülük. aşkmlık transcendence.
Aşkolsun! (/..) 1. colloq. Well done!/Bravo!
   2.    colloq. Shame on you! 3. a greeting used among dervishes. aşlama see aşılama, aşlamak hi see aşılamak, aşlık 1. provisions, supplies of food for cooking. 2. wheat (dry grain), aşma 1. passing, crossing, passage. 2. surpass-
 65                                                 at
    ing, exceeding, aşmak 1. hi to cross, traverse (a mountain/a river/a sea); to go through (a forest); to traverse (a road). 2. Ill to overcome, surmount (an obstacle). 3. hi to exceed, go beyond (a limit). 4. hi to exceed (a specified period of time). 5. hi to overtake, pass. 6. /a/ (for a male animal) to cover, serve, service, copulate with (a female animal). 7. slang to slip away, disappear, aşna fişne (./ ..) slang 1. secret mistress; secret lover. 2. secret love affair, aşm archaic, ancient, aşmlama theat. aging (of a set), aşnılık 1. being outdated; being antiquated. 2. archaism.
aşoz naut. a slot in the keel to hold the ends of planking.
aştırmak /a, ı/ 1. to cause/allow (s.o.) to cross/ traverse (a mountain/a river/a sea/a forest); to cause/allow (s.o.) to traverse (a road). 2. to have (a male animal) serve (a female animal); to allow (a male animal) to serve (a female animal), aşure (.—.) pudding made with cereals, sugar, and raisins. — ayı the month of Muharram.
   —   yemeye giden kaşığını taşır, proverb (One who goes to eat a festive pudding carries his/her own spoon.) If you want to get your share of a good thing, you must know the right way to go about.getting it.
aşurelik (.— ..) suitable for making aşure, aşüfte (—..) lascivious woman, Brit. tart.
AT (abbr. for Avrupa Topluluğu) EC (the European Community), at, -ti zool. horse, Equus caballus. —, adımına göre değil, adamına göre yürür, proverb (A horse walks not according to his gait but according to his rider.) The way a job is done depends on the person in charge.
   —   ağasına göre eşer/kişner, proverb, see At sahibine göre eşer/kişner, —il— alan Üsküdar’ı geçti, colloq. (The one who stole the horse has already passed Üsküdar.) It is far too late now (to rectify it), —/—lar anası mannish woman with large features. — arıklıkla, yiğit gariplikle, proverb A horse’s noble qualities come out when he is underfed, a man’s when he is away from home, —la arpayı dövüştürmek/dalaştırmak to sow discord among close friends, —a arpa, yiğide pilav, proverb (The horse wants his barley, the man his pilaf.) To each his own. — at oluncaya kadar sahibi mat olur, proverb By the time a horse is broken in, the owner is worn out. — ı atasıyla, katırı anasıyla, proverb (A horse is like his ancestor, a mule like his mother.) Nobility of character is inherited. — ta, avratta uğur vardır, proverb One is fortunate if he has a horse and a wife. — m bahtsızı arabaya düşer, proverb (It is an unlucky horse that has to pull a wagon.) Some people do not
at
66
at
get work suitable to their talents. — ına bakan ardına bakmaz, proverb (One who takes good care of his/her horse does not look behind him/her.) A person who does his/her work well does not have to worry about the results. —- başı beraber/bir both in the same condition, on the same level. — beslenirken, kız istenirken, proverb The horse should be sold while in high condition; the girl should be married off while she has suitors, —a binmeden ayaklarını sallamak to count one’s chickens before they are hatched. — binenin, kılıç kuşananın. proverb (The horse belongs to the one who mounts it, the sword to the one who girds himself with it.) Possession is nine points of the law. —a binen nalını, mıhını arar, proverb It is the rider who checks the horse’s shoes and how they are nailed, —a binersen Allahı, attan inersen atını unutma. proverb (Don’t forget God when you are on horseback, and don’t forget the horse when you dismount.) Don’t become proud or cruel when you are riding, and afterwards don’t forget to feed the horse and care for it. — biniciye göre eşer/kişner, proverb, see At sahibine göre eşer/kişner. — binicisini tanır/bilir, proverb (The horse knows its rider.) A person works to the standards of his/her supervisor, —a binmek to mount a horse; to ride a horse. — bulunur meydan bulunmaz, meydan bulunur at bulunmaz, proverb (When there is a horse, there i no polo field; when there is a polo field, there is no horse.) There’s always something missing. — cambazı 1. equestrian performer, show rider. 2. horse dealer, horse trader. — çalındıktan sonra ahırın kapısını kapamak to lock the barn door after the horse is stolen, —a da soy gerek, ite de. proverb (Horses and dogs should come from a good line.) Breeding and heritage are important for all creatures. —m dorusu, yiğidin delisi, proverb The best horse is a chestnut, and the best young man is one who is brave, —a dost gibi bakmalı, düşman gibi binmeli. proverb One should take care of a horse like a friend, but ride it like an enemy. — ta duran var, duramayan var. proverb (Some people can ride a horse and some fall off.) Not everybody can do everything. —tan düşene yorgan döşek, eşekten düşene kazma kürek. proverb He/She who falls from a horse is put to bed; he/she who falls from a donkey is buried. — elin, it elin, bize ne? colloq. The horse and the dog belong to someone else, so what business is it of ours? —ma eşek mi dedik? colloq. (Have I called your horse a donkey?) I haven’t said anything that you should take offense at. — ı eşkin, kılıcı keskin, colloq. (His horse is swift and his sword is keen.) He is powerful, —a et,
ite ot vermek to distribute work or goods without considering the needs and skills of those involved, —a eyer gerek, eyere er gerek, proverb (A horse needs a saddle, and a saddle needs a man.) A working place needs equipment and a good manager. — gibi huge (woman). — görür aksar, su görür susar, colloq. (If he/she sees a horse he/she limps; if he/she sees water he/she gets thirsty.) He/she wants whatever he/she sees. — hırsızı gibi shifty-looking big (man). — ile avrat yiğidin bahtına. proverb (A horse and a wife depend on a young man’s luck.) A man cannot know whether he is getting a good horse or a good wife until he has them, —tan inip eşeğe binmek to come down in the world.
—   izi it izine karışmak to be such a confused society that one can’t tell the good people from the worthless. — ta karın, yiğitte burun, proverb A big belly is a good feature in a horse, a big nose in a man.
—   kılı horsehair. — koşmak /a/ to hitch a horse to (a carriage). — koşturmak 1. to gallop, gallop a horse, ride at a gallop. 2. colloq. to fool around, chase rainbows. — koşturacak kadar büyük/geniş colloq. huge (room, house, etc.). — meydanı hippodrome. — nalı horseshoe, —a nal çakıldığını görmüş, kurbağa ayaklarını uzatmış. colloq. (A frog saw them shoeing a horse and he stuck out his feet.) He/She wants things he/she has no right to expect. — nalı kadar colloq. immense (medal/medallion/ ornament), —lar nallanırken kurbağalar ayak uzatmaz .proverb (While the horses are being shod the frogs don’t hold out their feet.) Inferiors should not expect favors from their superiors. — olur meydan olmaz, meydan olur at olmaz, proverb, see At bulunur meydan bulunmaz, meydan bulunur at bulunmaz. — oynatmak 1. to show off one’s skill as a horseman. 2. /la/ to compete (with). 3. /da/ to rule, establish one’s overlordship (over). 4. to act as one wishes. 5. /da/ to be knowledgeable in (a subject). — m ölümü arpadan olsun, proverb (Let the death of the horse be from barley.) It is not worth depriving oneself of something one likes for fear of bad consequences. — Ölür, itlere bayram olur. proverb (When the horse dies the dogs feast.) When a great man falls the rabble seize their chance. — ölür meydan/nalı kalır, yiğit ölür şan/namı kalır, proverb (The horse dies; the polo field remains; the hero dies; his fame remains.) Only fame is lasting. — pazarı horse market. — pazarında eşek osurtmuyoruz, vulg. Shut up and listen to what I’m saying, —mı sağlam kazığa bağlamak to take precautions in one’s business. — sahibine göre eşer/kişner. proverb (The horse’s speed depends on its
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   rider.) A person works to the standards of his/her supervisor, —lar tepişir, arada eşekler ezilir, proverb (When the horses start fighting it’s the donkeys between that get hurt.) When the great ones clash it’s the underlings who suffer, —in tepmezi, itin kapmazı olmaz. (—ım tepmez, itim kapmaz deme.) proverb (There is no horse without a kick; there is no dog without a bite.) Anybody can occasionally be tempted to cruelty. — m ürkeği, yiğidin korkağı, proverb A horse should be skittish and a hero should be wary. — var, meydan yok. colloq. (We have a horse but no field.) We are ready and equipped to go to work but there is nothing to do. —m varken yol tanı, ağan varken el tanı, proverb While you have a horse learn the roads; while you have someone to protect you get to know others.
   —  yarışı horse race. — yedi günde, it yediği günde (belli olur, semirir), proverb (A horse gets sleek in seven days, and a dog on the day that it eats.) It takes time for a valuable person to develop. — yerine eşek bağlamak to replace a valuable worker with a worthless one. — yiğidin yoldaşıdır. proverb The horse is the brave man’s companion. — in yüğrükse bin de kaç. colloq. (If your horse is fast ride it and escape.) Save yourself if you can.
Ata the short form of Atatürk, ata 1. father. 2. ancestor, —lar çıkarayım der tahta, döner dolaşır gelir bahta, proverb The parents try to put the child on a throne but his future unfolds as it will. — dostu oğla mirastır, proverb A father’s friend is a son’s best inheritance. — malı mal olmaz, kendin kazanmak gerek, proverb (A father’s wealth is not wealth; one must earn it for oneself.) An inheritance is soon used up. — nın sanatı oğula mirastır, proverb, see Babanın sanatı oğula mirastır, —lar sözünü tutmayanı yabana atarlar, proverb A person who ignores good tradition gets driven into the wilderness. — sim tanımayan Allahını tanımaz, proverb A person who does not respect his/her father will not respect God. atabek (./.) see atabey, atabey (./.) 1. tutor to a (Seljuk) prince. 2. ata-beg.
atacılık atavism, reversion, ataç ancestral.
ataerki, -ni (./..) sociol. patriarchy, ataerkil (./..) sociol. patriarchal, atak rash, audacious, reckless, ataklık rashness, audacity, recklessness, ataksi path, ataxia.
atalet, -ti (.—.) 1. laziness, lassitude. 2. being unemployed, unemployment. 3. inertia, atalık fatherliness.
atama appointment, appointing, assignment, assigning.
atamak /i, a/ to appoint (s.o.) to, assign (s.o.) to. ataman ataman, hetman, atanma appointment, being appointed, assignment, being assigned, atanmak /a/ to be appointed (to), be assigned (to).
ataraksiya (../..) ataraxia, ataraxy. atardamar (./..) anat. artery. — ışmçekimi med. arteriography. — onanmi surg. arterio-plasty. — sayrılığı path, arteriopathy. — yangısı path, arteritis, atar damar yolu, -nu (./....) anat. ductus arteriosus.
atarkanal (./..) anat. ejaculatory duct, atar-toplardamar (./....) med. arteriovenous.
   —       ağızlaşımı arteriovenous anastomosis. — torbalaşımı path, arteriovenous aneurysm, atasözü, -nü (./..) proverb, ataş paper clip, ataşe attache.
Atatürk (./.) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and first president of the Turkish Republic. Atatürkçü (./..) one who adheres to Atatürk’s doctrine, Kemalist.
Atatürkçülük (./...) 1. Atatürk’s political doctrine, Kemalism; the system of reforms and development introduced by Atatürk. 2. the conviction that it is necessary to continue these reforms, atavik atavistic, atavizm see atacılık, atbaklası, -m (/...) bot. horsebean. atbalığı, -nı (/...) zool. sheatfish, Silurus glanis. atçı horse breeder, atçılık horse breeding.
ateh obs. dotage, senility. — getirmek to become senile, ateist, -ti 1. (an) atheist. 2. atheistic, atheist, ateizm atheism.
atelye (./.) 1. workshop. 2. studio, atelier, aterina (../.) zool. silversides, sand smelt, ath-erina, Atherina presbyter. ateş 1. fire. 2. fever, temperature. 3. vivacity, exuberance. 4. zeal, ardor, fervor, vehemence. 5. gunfire; artillery fire. 6. danger; catastrophe. 7. a light (for a cigarette). A—! mil. Fire! — açmak /a/ to open fire (on). — almak 1. to catch fire, take fire. 2. to be alarmed. 3; (for a gun) to be fired. — almamak (for a gun) to misfire. — almaya mi geldin? colloq. (Have you come to get fire?) Why are you rushing off? — e atılmak to throw o.s. into the fire, risk one’s life blindly. — e atmak 1. N to put (s.o.) in a dangerous position. 2. /kendini/ to throw
   o.s. into the fire, risk one’s life blindly. — bacayı sardı, colloq. (The chimney has caught fire.) Things have gotten out of control. —le barut bir arada/yerde olmaz/ durmaz, proverb (Fire and powder make an unstable combination.) It is dangerous to leave a young couple alone together. — basmak /a/ to flush and feel hot from tedium/
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   discomfort/boredom, —i başına vurmak to explode with anger, blow one’s top. — boyu mil., see ateş hattı. — çıkmak to have a fire break out. —i çıkmak to have one’s fever go up. — demekle ağız yanmaz. proverb (It doesn’t burn your mouth to pronounce the word “fire.”) There is no harm in mentioning dangerous things, —i düşmek to have one’s fever go down. — düştüğü yeri yakar, proverb (The fire burns the place where it falls.) A calamity only really affects its immediate victim. — düşürücü med. antipyretic. — etmek /a/ to fire (on), shoot (at). — gecesi Saint John’s Eve. — gemisi hist, fire ship. — gibi 1. very hot. 2. very quick, active, agile, intelligent.
   —   gibi yanmak to have a fever, —ten gömlek ordeal. — e göstermek /ı/ to heat (s.t.) slightly by holding it to the fire. — hattı mil. firing line. — ler içinde feverish, suffering from fever. — kesilmek 1. to get very angry. 2. to become industrious and active.
   3. for gunfire to stop. — kesmek to cease fire. — kırmızısı fiery red. — olmayan yerden duman çıkmaz, proverb Where there is smoke there is fire. — olsa cirmi/cürmü kadar yer yakar, colloq. (If he/she were fire, he/she could not burn more than the space he/she occupied.) He/She cannot do much harm. — le oynamak to play with fire.
   —   pahasi/pahasma very expensive. — parçası colloq. 1. very active, industrious. 2. mischievous, naughty (child). — püskür-mek /a/ to spit fire (at), be very angry (with).
   —   saçağı sardı, colloq., see Ateş bacayı sardı. — saçmak /a/ see ateş püskürmek.
   —   tuğlası firebrick, —e tutmak /ı/ 1. to heat (s.t.) slightly by holding it to the fire. 2. to subject to gunfire. — i uyandırmak to poke up a fire. — vermek /a/ to set on fire, burn. — e vermek /ı/ 1. to set fire to. 2. to panic, upset, frighten. 3. to lay waste, ravage, devastate (a country). — e vurmak /ı/ to put (food) on to cook. — e vursan duman vermez, colloq. (If he/she were laid on a fire he/she wouldn’t even give smoke.) He/She is remarkably stingy. — yağdırmak
   1. to shoot repeatedly and continuously. 2. to rant and rave at everybody. — yakmak to light a fire. — ine yanmak Iml to be mistreated because of (s.o. else). — i yükselmek to have one’s fever go up.
ateşbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. sardine, pilchard, Sardina pilchardus.
ateşbaz (—.—) formerly master of firework displays.
ateşböceği, -ni (./...) zool. firefly.
ateşböcekleri, -ni (./....) zool. Lampyridae.
ateşçi fireman, stoker.
ateşin (—.—) obs. ardent, fervent, fiery, zealous, on fire.
ateşkayığı, -ni (./...) a fishing boat with a place for a fire (used as a lure for sardines).
ateşkes cease-fire, armistice, truce, ateşleme ignition.
ateşlemek III 1. to set fire (to), ignite. 2. to provoke.
ateşlendirmek hi 1. to enliven. 2. to aggravate, stir up (trouble). 3. to make (s.o.) feverish.
ateşlenmek 1. to be lit, be ignited. 2. (for a gun) to be fired. 3. to get a fever. 4. to get angry.
ateşletmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.t.) put on fire.
   2.    to have (s.o.) shoot (a gun), ateşli 1. fiery. 2. vivacious, fervent. 3. feverish, having a fever. — silah firearm, ateşlik 1. firepan, small brazier. 2. place fit for lighting a fire. 3. fit for burning, ateşperest, -ti fire-worshiper, atfen (/.) /a/1. ascribed to. 2. based on. atfetmek (/..) /ı, a/ 1. to attribute, ascribe, impute (s.t.) to (s.o.). 2. to direct, turn (one’s glance) (to), atgiller zool. Equidae.
Atğm. (abbr. for Asteğmen) mil. lowest ranking army officer (below a second lieutenant), atıcı 1. marksman, good shot. 2. habitually lying (person); atıcılık 1. marksmanship. 2. lying, mendacity, atıf, -tfı attribution, showing one thing as the cause/origin of another.
'atık waste, refuse, garbage. — su waste water, sewage.
2atik prov. small churn.
atıl (—.) 1. idle, inactive. 2. lazy. 3. phys. inert, atılgan 1. dashing, bold, reckless, plucky. 2. enterprising.
atılganlık 1. audacity, boldness. 2. enterprise, initiative.
atılım 1. advance, progress, a step forward. 2.
   sports attack, atılış 1. throw. 2. attack.
atılmak 1. to be thrown. 2. to be fired, be shot off. 3. to be discarded. 4. (for cotton) to be fluffed. 5. /a/ to attack. 6. to break into a conversation, speak up. 7. /a/ to begin, go into. Atılan ok geri dönmez, proverb (An arrow once shot never comes back.) What’s done can’t be undone, atım 1. discharge, shooting, shot (of a firearm).
   2.    range (of a firearm/a missile); shot; flight (of an arrow). 3. charge (of gunpowder); round (of ammunition): Yalnız bir atım barutum kaldı. I’ve only got one charge of powder left. 4. med. (a) beat, throb (of the heart/the pulse). 5. med. ejaculation (of semen). — düzensizliği arrhythmia, atımcı cotton/wool fluffer who works with a bow and mallet, atımlık (a specified number) of (powder) charges: Beş atımlık barutu kaldı. He’s got five charges of powder left, atimyolu, -nu (./..) anat. ejaculatory duct, atış 1. throwing, throw, shooting, shot; way of throwing. 2. shooting, firing, discharging
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   (of a firearm): sekme atışı ricochet fire. 3. beating, beat, throbbing, throb (of the heart/ the pulse). — cetveli firing table. — mahalli see atış yeri. — mangası mil. firing squad.
   —   meydanı see atış yeri. — müfrezesi mil. firing party. — müsabakası shooting match.
   —   rampası firing ramp (for a rocket). — vaziyeti mil. firing position. — yeri firing range, rifle range.
atışbilim (./..) ballistics, atışmak 1. to quarrel. 2. /a/ to try to make up with. 3. to engage in a contest of poetic repartee.
atıştırmak 1. /ı/ colloq. to bolt (food), gobble (food). 2. h! to gulp down (a drink). 3. to begin to rain/snow slowly, ati (— —) obs. the future.
'atik agile, alert. — tetik quick, alert, agile.
2atik, -ki (.—) obs. ancient.
Atina (./.) Athens.
Atinali (./..) 1. (an) Athenian. 2. Athenian, (s.o.) from Athens, atkestanesi, -ni (/.—..) bot. horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum. aikestanesigiller (/.— ....) bot. Hippocastana-ceae.
atkı 1. shawl, stole. 2. weaving woof, weft. 3.
   pitchfork. 4. shoe strap. 5. lintel. atkılamak to weave the woof in. atkuyruğu, -nu (/...) 1. bot. mare’s-tail, Hip-puris vulgaris. 2. ponytail, atlama jumping; (a) jump. — beygiri sports vaulting horse, horse. — tahtası diving board; springboard. ■— taşı stepping-stone.
   —   taşı yapmak III to use (a situation/a person) to get a promotion or advancement.
atlamak 1. to jump. 2. /dan/ to jump down (from), leap (from). 3. /a/ to jump into (a taxi/a car); to catch (a plane/a train). 4. journalism to miss a scoop. 5. hi to omit, skip, miss, leave out. 6. /da/ to be misled, be mistaken (in). 7. hi slang to give, hand over. 8. /a/ slang to have intercourse with. Atladı gitti/geçti Genç Osman! colloq. It’s over now ./The work is finished./The danger has passed, atlambaç leapfrog (a children’s game), atlandırmak hi 1. to provide (s.o.) with a mount. 2. to put (s.o.) on horseback, atlangıç prov. stepping-stone, atlanılmak /dan/1. impersonal passive to jump (from). 2. to be jumped.
'atlanmak 1. to mount a horse. 2. to acquire a horse.
2atlanmak 1. to be jumped. 2. to be skipped. Atlantik Atlantic, of the Atlantic.
'atlas satin.
2atlas 1. atlas, map book. 2. illustrations and charts at the end of a book. 3. anat. atlas, atlasağacı, -m (./...) bot. satinwood, Chloroxy-lon swietenia. atlasçiçeği, -ni (..'...) bot. cactus, atlasçiçeğigiller (./...) bot. Cactaceae.
                                                                                                                 atmak
Atlas Okyanusu, -nu the Atlantic Ocean, atlassediri, -ni (./...) bot. Atlas cedar, Cedrus atlantica.
atlatılmak 1. (for a danger) to be avoided. 2. (for s.o.) to be put off. 3. /dan/ (for s.o ./an animal) to be made to jump over (a gap/a barrier).
atlatmak /i/ 1. to make (s.o./an animal) jump; to get (s.o./an animal) to jump; to let (s.o./ an animal) jump; to cause (s.o./an animal) to jump, jump. 2. to overcome, kick (an illness); to handle (s.t. difficult) successfully, deal with (s.t. difficult) successfully, manage (s.t. difficult) successfully. 3. to put (s.o.) off, get rid of (s.o.). 4. (for one news reporter) to scoop, get the jump on, report a piece of news before (another), atlayış 1. jump, leap, bound, spring. 2. way of jumping.
atlet, -ti 1. athlete trained for and competing in track-and-field events. 2. athlete, person who is good at physical exercises and sports. 3. (man’s, sleeveless) undershirt, Brit, vest, singlet.,— fanilası (man’s, sleeveless) undershirt, Brit, vest, singlet. — yapılı athletically built, (s.o.) who has an athletic build, atletik 1. track-and-field (event). 2. athletic, per-, taining to athletics. 3. athletically built, (s.o.) who has an athletic build. 4. athletic, befitting an athlete.
atletizm 1. track-and-field events. 2. athletics, sports activities, atlı 1. horseman, rider; cavalryman. 2. mounted: atlı polis mounted policeman. 3. horse-drawn; drawn by (a specified number of) horses: iki atlı bir araba a two-horse carriage. — araba horse cart, wagon. — yı atından indirmek to put someone’s affairs in disarray by main force. — heykel equestrian statue. — hücum cavalry charge. — kovalamak to hurry needlessly. —ya saat olmaz, proverb (A person riding a horse is not bound by time.) A person who has the means of doing something quickly need not be overly concerned about time, because he knows that he can always get the task done quickly, if need be. — tramvay horse-drawn tram, atlikaraca (./...) 1. rocking horse. 2. merry-go -round, carrousel, carousel, atlıkarınca (./...) 1. merry-go-round, carrousel, carousel. 2. zool. a large ant, Poner a grandis.
                                                                        atma 1. throwing, throw. 2. dropping. 3. sending (s.o.) away. 4. rail, crosstie, tie, Brit, sleeper.
    5.    arch, crosspiece, atmaca 1. zool. sparrow hawk, Accipiter nisus.
    2. slingshot.
atmak 1. Ill to throw. 2. hi to drop. 3. Ill to send away. 4. /i, a/ to add (s.t.) to (s.t.), put (s.t.) into (s.t.). 5. hi to write (one’s signature/the date). 6. hi to put out, extend.
    7. Ill to carry, take (things from one place to another). 8. hi to fire (a shot/a gun). 9. hi
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   to postpone. 10. /ı, a/ to throw on, put on (a garment). 11. /i, a/ to impute, throw (the blame) on. 12. /i, dan/ to expel (s.o.) from. 13. Ill to discard, throw away. 14. hi to stop using, stop wearing. 15. hi to reject, expel. 16. hi to blow up, demolish. 17. colloq. to lie, make up stories. 18. to present a guess as if it were a certainty. 19. hi colloq. to drink. 20. hi to fluff (cotton) with a bow and mallet. 21. to split, crack, come loose. 22. (for a seam in cloth) to come loose from fraying. 23. (for the heart/an artery) to pulsate, beat. 24. hi to send. 25. hi to let out (a cry/scream/roar of laughter).
   26. hi to abandon, give up, be freed from.
   27. slang to perform (a dance). 28. slang to sing (a song). 29. Ill to land (a blow). 30. /i, a/ to make (an inappropriate remark) to. Atsan atılmaz, satsan satılmaz, colloq.
-  (You can’t throw it out and neither can you sell it.) 1. You just can’t get rid of him/her.
   2.  It is too good to throw out and not good enough to use. Attığı attık, tuttuğu tuttuk, colloq. He/She gets his/her own way. Atma Recep, din kardeşiyiz. (At martini Debre’li Hasan!) colloq. (Don’t make up stories, Recep; we are fellow believers.) Don’t try to pull my leg. Attığı tırnağa benzemez, /m/ colloq. He/She is nothing compared to (the other one), atıp tutmak 1. hi to run (s.o./s.t.) down. 2. to talk big, boast, attığını vurmak to be consistently successful, come out on top every time.
atmasyon slang 1. (a) lie; pack of lies, bull;
    guff. 2. false, trumped-up, spurious, atmasyoncu slang 1. bull-shooter, person prone to fabricate/exaggerate. 2. (s.o.) who is a bull-shooter. atmasyonculuk slang bull-shooting, being a bull-shooter. atmık prov. *come, semen, atmosfer atmosphere, atmosferik atmospheric, atol, -lü atoll.
atom atom. — ağırlığı atomic weight. — bombası atomic bomb, A-bomb. — çağı atomic age. — çekirdeği atomic nucleus. — enerjisi atomic energy. — numarası see atom sayısı. — reaktörü nuclear reactor, atomic pile. — santralı nuclear power station. — sayısı atomic number, atomal atomic. — ağırlık atomic weight, atomcu 1. phil. atomist, an adherent of atomism. 2. phil. (s.o.) who is an adherent of atomism. 3. atomic, atomculuk phil. atomism, atomik atomic.
atomlamak slang to stay back, fail the class, atonal mus. atonal.
atölye (./.) 1. workshop. 2. studio, atelier, atraksiyon 1. (a) number, variety act, (an) attraction; variety acts. 2. variety shows. 3.
   attraction, magnetic pull, atraktif attractive, atrofi path, atrophy, atropin atropine, atsız horseless.
atsineği, -ni (/...) zool. forest fly, horsefly, Hippobosca equina. attırmak /ı, a/ to make (s.o.) throw/expel/throw out/rej ect/send/fluff. aut, -tu sports 1. (an) out, ball hit out of bounds. 2. out, out of bounds. A—! sports Out! (said of a ball that falls out of bounds). av 1. hunt, hunting, chase. 2. game, prey; catch (of fish). 3. victim, prey. — avlanmış, tav tavlanmış, colloq. It is finished and done./ What has happened has happened. — avlayanın, kemer bağlayanın, proverb (The prey belongs to the person who shoots it, and a belt to the person who wears it.) Possession is nine points of the law. — çantası game bag. —a çıkmak to go out hunting.
   —      eti game, meat from game, —a gelmez kuş olmaz, başa gelmez iş olmaz, proverb No bird is safe from being hunted, and nobody is safe from unexpected misfortune, —a giden avlanır, proverb (The hunter becomes the prey.) A person can fall into his/her own trap. —- havası good hunting weather. — hayvanı game animal. — köpeği hunting dog, hound. — köpeği avdan kalmaz, proverb (A hound can’t be kept from hunting.) A confirmed sponger cannot be broken from his/her habit. — kuşu game bird. — tüfeği shotgun. — vuranın değil, alanm. proverb (The prey belongs not to the one who shoots it but to the one who recovers it.) Possession is nine points of the law. avadan set of tools.
avadancı hist, servant on the cleaning staff in the sultan’s palace, avadanlık 1. set of tools. 2. slang penis and testicles, avaid (.—.) obs., see avait. avaik, -ki (.—.) obs. hindrances, obstacles, impediments.
avait (.—.) obs. 1. revenues, fees. 2. favors;
   gifts; kindnesses, avakib (.—.) obs., see avakip. avakip (.•—.) obs. consequences, outcomes, ends, avakib (.—•) obs., see avakip.. avakip (.—.) obs., see avakip.
'aval slang stupid. — aval slang stupidly. — aval bakmak slang to stare stupidly.
2aval, -li com. 1. endorsement of a bill of exchange by a third party. 2. endorser, avalim (.—.) obs. worlds, avallik slang stupidity.
avam the common people, the lower classes. A— Kamarası the House of Commons. — takımı the rabble, avamfirib (...—) obs., see avamfirip. avamfîrip (...—) obs. demagogue.
avamfiriplik
avamfiriplik          obs. demagoguery, dema-
   gogy.
avamil obs. (motivating) factors, avanak slang 1. gullible. 2. fool, avanaklık slang gullibility. — etmek to let o.s. be cheated.
avangar avant-garde; of the avant-garde; produced by a member of the avant-garde; (s.t.) which is avant-garde in nature, avangart see avangar.
avanproje arch, rough draft, preliminary draft, avans com. advance (of money). — almak 1. to get an advance. 2. hi to get (money) in advance. — çekmek to get an advance. — vermek 1. to advance money. 2. /a/ slang to act coquettishly (toward), give the glad eye (to), avansen stage box (in a theater), avanta (./.) slang 1. something gotten illicitly for nothing. 2. tip given to a person to keep him quiet when he catches one cheating at cards. 3. cheating with marked cards, —dan slang free, without payment. — etmek slang to get something for nothing, avantacı (./..) slang freeloader, sponger, avantacılık (./...) slang freeloading. avantaj advantage.
avantajlı 1. advantageous. 2. person who has . the advantage. 3. (s.o.) who has the advantage.
avantajsız 1. unadvantageous, not advantageous. 2. person who does not have the advantage. 3. (s.o.) who does not have the advantage, avantür adventure.
                                                                    avantüriye 1. adventurer. 2. adventurous, 'avara (./.) naut. 1. (a boat’s) shoving off, pushing off. 2. (one boat’s) getting clear of (another) (when two boats have been moored side by side). A—! naut. Shove off!/Push off!
   —   etmek 1. (for a boat) to shove off, push off. 2. /dan/ (for one boat) to get clear of (another) (when two boats have been moored side by side).
2avara (./.) 1 .prov. idle; good-for-nothing, no -count, shiftless, incompetent (person). 2. prov. good-for-nothing, no-count (thing).
   3.    mech. (s.t.) which will idle a machine: avara tekerlek idler wheel. — ya almak 111 to idle, disengage (a part of a machine). — çark idler wheel, idle wheel. — durmak prov. (for s.o.) to stand around idly. — kasnak idler pulley. — kasnak işlemek to spin one’s wheels, work without accomplishing anything. — mili countershaft. — ya vermek hi to fire, dismiss, avare (— —.) 1. (s.o.) who does little but knock about idly, who just wanders about idly, who just wanders about doing nothing, who is an idle rover; footloose, errant; vagabond. 2. out-of-work, unemployed. 3. distracted, confused. 4. lonely, lonesome. 5. (s.o.) who has been separated from his/her homeland, who has been separated from
71                                             avlama
        home and family; exiled (person). 6. wild (eyes); wild-eyed (look). — dolaşmak to wander around idly, rove idly. — etmek 111
        1. to keep (s.o.) from doing his/her work, distract (s.o.) from his/her work. 2. to put (s.o.) out of work; to dismiss. 3. to turn (s.o.) into an idle rover or vagabond. — olmak 1. to become an idle rover or vagabond. 2. to be distracted from one’s work.
        3. to be put out of work.
     avareleşmek (--------...) to become an idle rover
        or vagabond, avarelik (------..) being an idle rover or vaga-
        bond; idling; vagabondage, avarız (.—.) 1. obs. obstacles, obstructions. 2. obs., med. infirmities, irregularities. 3. obs., phil. accidents. 4. obs., geol. irregularities, obstacles (in a terrain). 5. Ott. hist, extraordinary tax. avarya (./.) mar. com. average, damages sustained by a ship or its cargo, avaryali (./..) mar. com. damaged (cargo/ship), avayik, -ki (.—.) obs., see avaik. avaz cry, shout. — avaz bağırmak to shout loudly, yell. — ı çıktığı kadar at the top of his/her voice, avcı 1. hunter, huntsman. 2. predatory, (animal) that is good at hunting. 3. mil. skirmisher. 4. mil. fighter plane, fighter. 5. naut. submarine chaser. — botu naut. submarine chaser. — çukuru mil. foxhole.
        —      eri mil. skirmisher. — hattı mil. line of skirmish, skirmish line. — kedi a good mouser. — kediye kurnaz fare, colloq. (For a good mouser, a shrewd mouse.) It’s possible to outfox a fox. — ne kadar hile/ al bilse, ayı o kadar yol bilir, proverb (The hunter may know many tricks, but the bear knows as many paths.) When one is in danger of being tricked he/she counters with stratagems of his/her own. — uçağı fighter plane, fighter. — ya yayılmak (for soldiers) to form a line of skirmish. — zinciri mil. line of skirmish, skirmish line, avcılık 1. being a hunter; hunting, huntsman-ship. 2. mil. being a skirmisher; skirmishing, avciotu, -nu (./..) bot. yellow adonis, Adonis vernalis.
     avdet, -ti obs. return. — etmek to return.
     Avdeti (..—) see Dönme, avene helpers, accomplices, gang, aver obs. one-eyed.
     averaj 1. average. 2. sports average, ratio which shows the average performance of an athlete or an athletic team, avgm prov. drainhole in a stone wall, avisto (./.) com. at sight, avize (.—.) chandelier, avizeağacı, -ni (.— /...) bot. yucca, Yucca. avizo (./.) dispatch boat, avlak hunting ground; game country, avlama 1. hunting. 2. volleyball dropping the return gently over the net to an unprotected
avlamak
 72
   spot.
avlamak hi 1. to hunt, shoot. 2. to deceive, dupe.
avlanmak 1. to be hunted. 2. to be caught. 3. to go hunting.
avlu court, courtyard.
avniye formerly a raincoat with a hood.
avokad'o (../.) bot. avocado, Per sea americana.
Avrasya (./.) Eurasia.
avrat prov. 1. woman. 2. wife. — almak to take a wife. — boşamak to divorce, repudiate a wife, —i eri saklar, peyniri deri. proverb (It is the husband who keeps the wife safe, just as cheese is protected by the sheepskin that contains it.) Everything has a way of being protected. — malı başa tokmaktır. proverb (A wife’s dowry is a blow on the head.) A woman makes her dowry an excuse for constantly reproaching her husband. — pazarı 1. hist, female slave market.
   2. marketplace where women sell things. — var, arpa unundan aş yapar; avrat var, buğday unundan keş yapar, proverb Some women can make a tasty meal with barley flour while others use wheat flour and make hardtack. — var ev yapar, avrat var ev yıkar. proverb Some women make a home and some wreck a home.
avret, -ti 1. private parts, genitals. 2. a part of the body that, by religious law, must be covered. — yeri private parts, genitals.
Avrupa (./.) 1. Europe. 2. European. — Birliği the European Union/Community. — Ekonomik Topluluğu the European Economic Community. — İktisadi işbirliği Teşkilatı Organization for European Economic Cooperation. — Konseyi the Council of Europe, the European Council. — Parlamentosu the Parliament of Europe, the European Parliament. — Topluluğu the European Community.
Avrupai (..------) European, European style.
Avrupali (./..) 1. (a) European. 2. European (person).
Avrupalılaşmak (./....) to become Europeanized.
Avşar see Afşar.
avt, -ti sports, see aut.
avuç, -vcu 1. the hollow of one’s hand; the palm (of one’s hand). 2. (a) handful of, (a) fistful of: bir avuç gümüş a handful of silver. — açmak 1. /a/ to have to ask (s.o.) for money. 2. to beg, go begging. — avuç
   1. a handful to each. 2. by the handful, lavishly. — dolusu 1. handful. 2. plenty of, a lot of. — içi the palm (of one’s hand), —unun içine almak hi to take (s.o.) into one’s possession, take complete command of. —unun içi gibi/ bilmek hi to know (a place) like the palm of one’s hand, know thoroughly. — içi kadar 1. very small, skimpy. 2. narrow (place), —unun içinde tutmak hi to have (s.o.) in
   the palm of one’s hand. —u kaşınmak to anticipate getting money. — una saymak hi to pay (cash) in hand. — unu yalamak to be left empty-handed, avuçlamak hi 1. to grasp. 2. to take by handfuls.
avukat, -ti lawyer, Brit, solicitor, advocate, barrister.
avukatlık 1. the profession of law. 2. the practice of law, the work of a lawyer. 3. unnecessary defense. — stajı law apprenticeship.
avunç consolation, comfort, avundurmak hi to console, comfort, avunma 1. preoccupation, distraction. 2. consolation, comfort, avunmak 1. to be consoled, be cheered up.
   2.     /la/ to be distracted, be preoccupied (with). 3. prov. (for an animal) to be bred, become pregnant, avuntu consolation, that which brings consolation.
avurt pouch of the cheek. — u avurduna geçmek to grow lean and gaunt. — u avurduna göçmüş/geçmiş having sunken cheeks, —lari çökmek to have sunken cheeks, be gaunt. — satmak/şişirmek colloq. to brag, talk big. — ünsüzü phon. lateral consonant.
   —      zavurt etmek colloq. 1. to brag. 2. to threaten others, browbeat people, avurtlamak 1. hi prov. to gobble up (food). 2.
   slang to brag, boast, avurtlu slang puffed up, conceited, bombastic. Avustralya (../.) 1. Australia. 2. Australian, of Australia.
avustralyakaratavuğu, -nu (../......) zool. lyre-
   bird, Menura.
AvustralyalI (../..) 1. (an) Australian. 2. Australian (person).
Avusturya (../.) 1. Austria. 2. Austrian, of Austria.
AvusturyalI (../..) 1. (an) Austrian. 2. Austrian (person), avut, -tu sports, see aut. avutmak hi 1. to soothe, distract. 2. to comfort, console. 3. to attract and amuse, avutturmak /i, a/ to have (s.o.) soothed and distracted.
avutulmak to be soothed and distracted (by s.o.).
'ay 1. moon. 2. month. — ağılı halo of the moon, —da âlemde bir see ayda yılda bir. —dan arı, günden/sudan duru 1. beautiful. 2. perfectly clear, —dan aya monthly, once a month. — ayakta çoban yatakta, ay yatakta çoban ayakta, proverb (When the moon is up the shepherd can sleep; when it is down he must be on his feet.)
   1. Shepherds should go to bed at dark and get up at dawn. 2. Sheep stealers work in the dark of the moon. — ay dm, hesabı belli, colloq. (The moon is bright; the account is clear.) The situation is clear./
 2ay                                              73
   Nothing is hidden or mixed up. — bacayı aştı, colloq. (The moon has risen above the chimney.) It is too late to do it now. — balta crescent-shaped battle-ax. — başı the first of the month. — çöreği croissant. — de-He child's language the moon. — dedeye misafir olmak colloq. to sleep out at night.
   —  doğuşundan, insan yürüyüşünden bellidir, proverb The month can be predicted by the way the new moon rises, just as you can tell a person by his/her walk.
   —i gördüm/buldum, yıldıza itibarım/minnetim yok. colloq. (Now that I’ve seen the moon the stars don’t count.) Once I have experienced the best nothing less will satisfy.
   —i görmeden bayram etme. (— gördünse bayram et.) proverb (Don’t celebrate the festival until you see the moon.) 1. Don’t celebrate the Bairam at the end of Ramazan until you have seen the new moon. 2. Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
   —  gün takvimi standard calendar. — gün yılı lunar year with intercalary months.
   —  hali menstruation. —■ harmanlanmak (for the moon) to be surrounded by a halo.
   —  ışığı moonlight. — ışığında ceviz silkilmez. proverb (One should not shake down walnuts on a moonlit night.) You should establish proper conditions before starting a job. — m kaçı? What is the date? — karanlığı 1. the dark of the moon. 2. moonlight partly obscured by clouds, —da kazandığını günde yemek to spend more than one has. — modülü moon module. — m on dördü full moon. —m on dördü gibi like the full moon, very beautiful (girl/woman). — parçası a beauty, —a, “Sen doğma, ben doğuyorum,” der. colloq. (She says to the moon, “Don’t you rise, I will.”) She is very beautiful. — tabya mil. lunette (a breastwork). — takvimi lunar calendar. — tutulmak (for the moon) to be eclipsed. — tutulması astr. lunar eclipse. — var yılı besler, yıl var ayı beslemez, proverb Some months furnish enough for the whole year; some years don’t even give a month’s supply, —da yılda bir very rarely, —da yılda bir namaz, onu da şeytan komaz. colloq. (He/
   She prays once a month or once a year, and the devil doesn’t let even that happen.) He/She is not very observant in his/her pious duties. — yıldız the star and crescent (the emblem of the Republic of Turkey).
   —  yılı lunar year.
2ay 1. Oh! (<exclamation of surprise): Ay, burada biri var! Oh, there is someone here. 2. Ouch! (<exclamation of pain): Ay, ayağım! Ouch, my foot!
aya the palm (of one’s hand).
Ayaandon see Ayandon.
ayaandon see ayandon.
ayak 1. foot. 2. leg. 3. base, pedestal, footing.
   4. treadle (of a sewing machine). 5. shaft
                                                                                                              ayak
 (of a loom). 6. geog. tributary. 7. outlet (of a lake). 8. step (in stairs). 9. gait, pace. 10. folk poetry rhyme; rhyme word. 11’ foot (measure). 12. intersection between two lines or between a line and a plane. — ta 1. standing, on one’s feet. 2. excited, aroused.
 3. med. ambulatory, —tan (satış) (selling meat) on the hoof (as opposed to butchered meat), —mı alamamak 1. /dan/ to be unable to refrain (from). 2. to be unable to use one’s feet (because of pains or because they have gone asleep). — ı alışmak /a/ to make a habit of going to. — almadık taş olmaz, başa gelmedik iş olmaz, proverb (There is no stone that has never bumped someone’s foot, and no possible trouble that has not happened to someone.) Life confronts everyone with all kinds of troubles, —mi altına almak to sit ön one’s leg. —mm altına almak /ı/ 1. to beat, give a beating (to), thrash. 2. to ignore, transgress, violate.
 3. to push aside (s.t. useful), —lar altma almak lif to trample on, disregard, —mm altma karpuz kabuğu koymak /m/ to scheme to get (s.o.) fired. — mm altında olmak (for a view) to be spread out beneath one. — mm/—larinin altını öpeyim, colloq. (Let me kiss the sole of your foot.) I beg you ./For God’s sake. — atmak 1. /a/ to go (to) for the first time. 2. to take a step.
 —  atmamak /a/ not to go to; to stay away from. — ayak üstüne atmak to cross one’s legs. — bağı 1. impediment, hindrance, hobble, fetter. 2. person who creates an obligation and responsibility, —mm-bağını çözmek /m/ 1. to divorce (one’s wife). 2. to free (s.o.) to act. — ma bağ olmak /m/ to hinder (one). — ma bağ vurmak (—ını bağlamak) /m/ to hinder. — basmak /a/ 1. to arrive (at), enter. 2. to begin, enter, start (a job). — basmamak /a/ not to go to; to stay away from. — nun bastığı yerde ot bitmez. colloq. (Grass does not grow where he/she treads.) He/She spreads confusion and destruction wherever he/she goes, —lar baş, başlar ayak oldu, colloq. The first have become last, the last first./The social order is reversed and upstarts are in charge.
 —  bileği 1. ankle. 2. anat. tarsus. —Ian birbirine dolaşmak to stumble over one’s own feet. — ma çabuk quick, quick to come and go. —mı çabuk tutmak to hurry, walk quickly. — ma çağırmak /ı/ to call (s.o.) into one’s presence. —mı çekmek /dan/ to stop going to (a place). — ma çelme takmak /in/
 1. to trip up. 2. to prevent (another’s) success. —ını çıkarmak to take off one’s shoes. — değiştirmek to get into step by changing one’s foot (in marching), —a değmedik taş olmaz, başa gelmedik iş olmaz. proverb, see Ayak almadık taş olmaz, başa gelmedik iş olmaz, —mı denk almak to be on one’s guard, —mı denk
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 74
ayakkabı
 basmak to be careful, be wary. — diremek to insist, put one’s foot down. — divanı an urgent business meeting of the sultan and his council while they are absent from Istanbul. -ına dolanmak/dolaşmak 1. to crowd around and create confusion. 2. Iml to obstruct. 3. to boomerang, recoil on o.s. —i dolaşmak 1. to trip over one’s own feet. 2. to get flustered and do something wrong, —lan dolaşmak to trip on one’s feet, get one’s feet tangled up. —mda donu yok, fesleğen ister/takar başına, colloq. (She has no underwear, but she wants sweet basil to wear in her hair.) She likes to show off regardless of her poverty. — ta duramama astasia. —ta durmak to stand, remain standing, —a düşmek to have outsiders meddling in (a matter). — ı düşmek /a/ to drop in on (a place/a house), visit while passing by. —ma düşmek Iml to beg, implore. — ı düze basmak to get over the hard part of something, —a fırlamak to jump to one’s feet. — freni foot brake.
—ma geçirmek hi to pull on (one’s trousers). —ma (kadar) gelmek Iml 1. to make (s.o.) a personal visit (as an act of deference). 2. (for any desired thing) to come to (one) by itself, —lari geri geri gitmek to go reluctantly, drag one’s feet. — ma getirmek hi to have (s.t./s.o.) brought to one.
—ma gitmek Iml to make (s.o.) a personal visit (as an act of deference), —mı giymek to put on one’s shoes, (kendi) — ı ile gelmek 1. to come on one’s own initiative. 2. to fall into one’s lap. — ma ip takmak iml to backbite. — işi errands and small deeds.
—  izi footprint, —a kaldırmak hi 1. to upset, excite (a group). 2. to incite, stir up (a group) to rebellion, —a kalkmak 1. to stand up, get up, rise to one’s feet. 2. to recover and get out of bed. 3. to get excited, be aroused. —ta kalmak 1. to be left without a seat. 2. to remain standing; to have lasted, —ma/—larma kara su/sular inmek to be exhausted from standing. — kavafı talkative meddler, —mı kaydırmak Iml to get (s.o.) fired, —mı kesmek 1. /dan/ to stop going (to). 2. /m, dan/ to get (s.o.) to stop going (to). — kirası tip given to a person who brings a message or an article to one. — makinesi treadle sewing machine, —mi/
—larmi öpeyim, colloq. (Let me kiss your foot.) I beg you ./I implore you. — mm pabucunu başına giymek 1. to marry an inferior. 2. to raise an inferior to a position above his/her rank. — ma pabuç olamamak (—mm pabucu olamamak) Iml to be inferior to (s.o.). — parmağı toe. — satıcısı peddler. — sesi footstep, —ma sıcak su mu dökelim, soğuk su mu? colloq. (What shall I pour on your'feet, hot water or cold water?) How wonderful that you’ve come! Why have you neglected us? —mı sıcak
   tut, başını serin; gönlünü ferah tut, düşünme derin, proverb Keep your feet warm and your head cool. Keep your mind at ease and don’t worry. — ı/—lan suya ermek/değmek to be disillusioned, find out the sad truth and come to one’s senses. — sürtmek to walk around a great deal. — sürümek 1. to look for a way out of a job.
   2.  to drag one’s feet, —mı sürümek 1. to drag one’s feet on a matter. 2. to be on the verge of leaving. 3. to be at the point of death. 4. to delay one’s departure. 5. (in popular belief) to come and thus be the cause of another’s coming. — tarağı anat. metatarsus. — ta tedavi (— tedavisi) treatment given in the outpatient clinic of a hospital. —mı tek/tetik almak see ayağını denk almak, —ma tez quick, quick to come and go. —mm tozu ile having just arrived. —ta tutmak hi 1. to keep (s.o.) standing. 2. to keep (s.o.) on his/her feet, keep (s.o.) out of trouble. 3. to keep (an old custom) alive; to sustain, preserve. — ıyla tuzağa düşmek to let o.s. fall into a trap, —mm türabı olmak Iml to be (s.o.’s) slave, —i uğurlu (one) who brings good luck. — uydurmak /a/ 1. to fall in step; to keep in step (with). 2. to conform one’s behavior to. 3. to compose a line which rhymes with (a previous line). — ta uyumak to be dead on one’s feet. — üstü/üzeri without sitting down, in haste. — ı üzengide ready to go. —mı vurmak (for a shoe) to chafe one’s foot. — ı yanmış it gibi dolaşmak to walk around restlessly. — yapmak lal slang to dupe, cheat. — ı yerden kesilmek 1. to be off the ground. 2. to be saved from walking (by using a vehicle), —larmi yerden kesmek 1. to ride instead of walking. 2. Iml wrestling to lift (one’s opponent) off his feet. — lari/—ı yere değmemek to be walking on air. —mı yorganına göre uzat, proverb (Stretch out your feet according to your quilt.) Live within your income. — ı yürüten baştır, proverb (It is the head that makes the feet walk.) Good leadership makes for a well-run organization.
ayakalti, -ni (./..) a place where everybody passes by. —nda bırakmak III 1. to leave (s.t.) where it will be stepped on. 2. to abandon (s.t.), let (s.t.) be destroyed, —nda dolaşmak to get under foot, be in the way. —nda kalmak 1. to be where everybody passes by. 2. to be despised.
ayakbastı, -yi octroi, city toll. — parası see ayakbastı.
ayakçak prov. 1. ladder. 2. pedal (of a machine). 3. stilts.
ayakçı 1. servant who runs errands. 2. worker hired for a certain period or a particular job.
ayakçın treadle (of a loom).
ayakkabı, -yi (./..) shoe, —larmi çevirmek
ayakkabıcı                                       75
   /in/ to be cool (to a visitor). — vurmak for a shoe to chafe one’s foot, ayakkabıcı (./...) 1. seller of shoes, dealer in shoes. 2. shoemaker, ayakkabıcılık (./....) 1. shoe trade. 2. shoe-making.
ayakkabılık (./...) 1. shoe cupboard. 2. (material) used in shoemaking. ayaklamak /i/ to measure (a distance) by pacing.
ayaklandırmak h! 1. to arouse (a group) to revolt. 2. to arouse (passion/an emotion), ayaklanma rebellion, revolt, mutiny, ayaklanmak 1. to rebel, revolt. 2. (for a patient) to get on his/her feet. 3. (for a child) to begin to walk, ayaklı having a foot/a leg. — bardak wineglass, stemmed glass. — canavar a child just beginning to walk (who pulls things down), little terror, little monster (said affectionately). — dikiş makinesi treadle sewing machine. — gazete someone who seems to know all the news. — kütüphane very learned person, ayaklık 1. place to step on. 2. pedal, treadle.
   3. stilts.
ayaksız 1. lacking a foot; having no feet, footless. 2. having no legs, legless. 3. zool. apodal, ayaksızlar zool. Apoda.
ayaktakımı, -m (./...) the common rabble, mob. ayaktaş companion, friend, ayakteri, -ni (./..) tip given to a messenger who brings s.t. to one. ayaktopu, -nu (./..) soccer, Brit, football, ayakucu, -nu (./..) 1. foot (of a bed). 2. astr.
   nadir. 3. tiptoe, ayakyolu, -nu (./..) toilet, Brit, water closet, W.C. — na gitmek to go to the toilet, ayal, -li (.—) obs. wife, ayalamak 111 prov. to gather (s.t.) by handfuls, âyan (—.) obs. 1. notables, chief men. 2. senators.
                                                                   ayan plain, clear, manifest, evident. — beyan very clear. — olmak to be evident, be clear. Ayandon Christ. St. Anthony. — fırtınası St. Anthony’s storm (said to occur around January 28th). ayandon St. Anthony’s storm (said to occur around January 28th). ayar 1. device for checking the accuracy of scales/measurement. 2. standard (of time).
   3. adjustment for accuracy (of a watch). 4. adjustment, setup (of a machine). 5. fineness; karats (of gold/silver). 6. colloq. quality, character (of a person). — ı bozuk 1. out of order, not regulated (clock/device). 2. colloq. of bad character. 3. colloq. mentally unbalanced, not all there. — damgası hallmark, assayer’s mark. — etmek /ı/ to regulate, fix, set, adjust, —a vurmak /ı/ 1. to test (gold/silver) on the touchstone. 2. to measure (s.t.) by a stated standard.
                                                                                                         aybalığı
ayarcı 1. formerly inspector of scales in the market. 2. assayer. ayarlama adjustment.
                                                                    ayarlamak 111 1. to regulate, fix, set, adjust. 2. to assay, test, gauge. 3. to arrange, put in order, ayarlanmak to be adjusted, be arranged, ayarlatmak 111 to have (s.t.) adjusted/arranged, ayarlı 1. regulated (clock). 2. tested and correct.
    3.   of standard fineness, ayarsız 1. not regulated; out of adjustment. 2. unassayed; below standard. 3. immoderate in one’s behavior, ayarsızlık 1. lack of adjustment. 2. intemperateness. 3. disproportion, ayartı enticement, temptation, ayartıcı enticing, seductive; corrupting, perverting, ayartıcılık seductiveness, ayartılmak to be enticed, ayartma enticing, enticement, ayartmak 111 1. to entice, lead astray, pervert.
    2.   to entice (s.o.) to change employers. Ayasluk see Ayasuluk.
Ayasofya (../.) Hagia Sophia, the Church of the Holy Wisdom, —’da dilenip Sultanahmet’te sadaka/zekât vermek colloq. to beg and then spend some of the alms on keeping up appearances.
Ayastafanos see Ayastefanos.
Ayastefanos San Stefano (a suburb of Istanbul, the modern Yeşilköy).
Ayasuluğ see Ayasuluk.
Ayasuluk Aya Soluk (the former name of Selçuk, a town near Ephesus), ayaz 1. dry cold, nip in the air; frostiness. 2. cold (air/night). 3. slang risky, dangerous, hazardous. 4. slang bad, going badly. 5. slang frightful, dreaded (class), —a çekmek (for the weather) to turn cold, —da kalmak
    1.   to be exposed to frost. 2. slang to lose out, be left out in the cold. — kesmek to be exposed to the cold for a long time. — oldu bulut oldu, geçen günler umut oldu, colloq. Frosts and clouds have come and gone and the past is but a dream. A— Paşa kol geziyor. (A— Paşa kola çıkmış/çıktı), colloq. (Jack Frost is going the rounds.) It is freezing weather. — vurmak /a/ (for the weather) to freeze (a crop), ayazağa (./..) slang a harsh and unsympathetic teacher, ayazlamak 1. (for the weather) to become clear and cold. 2. to spend a cold night out and nearly freeze. 3. slang to wait in vain, ayazlanmak to be cooled (in a cold place), ayazlatmak h! 1. to make (s.o.) wait in the cold. 2. to cool (s.t.) by putting it out in the cold, ayazlık porch, veranda.
ayazma (./.) spring of water regarded as sacred by Orthodox Greeks, aybalığı, -m (/...) zool. ocean sunfish, Mola mola.
aybalığıgiller                                      76
aybalığıgiller (/.....) zool. Molidae. aybaşı, -ra (/..) menstruation. — çevrimi menstrual cycle. — olmak to menstruate. — yokluğu amenorrhea, ayça new moon.
                                                                      ayçiçeği, -ni (/...) bot. sunflower, Helianthus annuus. — yağı vegetable oil, sunflower oil. ayçöreği, -ni (/...) croissant, aydemir (/..) cooper’s adze, aydm 1. well-lighted. 2. clear, lucid (speech/ writing). 3. (in expressions) joyous, happy.
    4.    intellectual, enlightened person. — karşıtlığı anti-intellectualism. ay dincilik intellectualism. aydınger (./.) tracing paper, aydınlanma 1. illumination, lighting. 2. enlightenment, clarification, aydınlanmak 1. to become luminous, brighten up. 2. to become clear. 3. to become informed, be enlightened, be filled in (on a subject).
aydınlatıcı 1. illuminating. 2. enlightening, informative.
aydınlatılmak 1. to be illuminated. 2. to be enlightened.
aydınlatma 1. illumination. 2. clarification. 3.
    stage lighting, aydınlatmak /ı/ 1. to illumine, illuminate. 2. to clarify, explain. 3. to enlighten, aydınlık 1. light, daylight. 2. luminous, bright.
    3. luminousness. 4. clear, brilliant. 5. clarity.
    6.    illumined. 7. light shaft, opening for light, aydınlıkölçer (../..) luxmeter, luxometer. aydırma arousal from absentmindedness, aydırmak hi to bring (s.o.) back to his/her senses, bring (s.o.) back to reality, aydos naut. dogwatch. — nöbeti dogwatch, ayet, -ti (—.) verse of the Koran, ayevi, -ni (/..) halo.
aygın baygın (./ ..) 1. languid. 2. /a/ languishing for. 3. languidly, aygır stallion. — deposu stable for stallions.
    —     gibi large and strong, built like an ox. aygrt, -tı 1. tool; instrument, apparatus. 2. biol.
    system, aygıtçı phil., see araççı. aygıtçılık phil., see araççılık, ayı 1. zool. bear, Ursus. 2. colloq. lummox, lout, oaf. — gibi colloq. bearish, clumsy and insensitive. — yı fırma/ateşe atmışlar, yavrusunu ayağının altma almış, proverb (They threw a bear into the furnace and it held its cub under its feet.) Some people would sacrifice their own children to save themselves. — ya kaval çalmak to try in vain to explain something to a blockhead.
    —  kazana sıçtı, colloq. (The bear has used the kettle for a toilet.) He has spoiled everything with his stupid coarseness. —nm kırk tüıküsü var, kırkı da ahlat üstüne. colloq. (The bear knows forty ditties; they are all about wild pears.) He keeps harping on the same subject. — sevdiği yavrusunu
                                                                                                                ayıp
   hırpalar, proverb (A bear pummels its cub.) Not all harshness is badly intended.
   —yı vurmadan postunu satmak to count one’s chickens before they are hatched. — yavrusu ile oynuyor, colloq. (The bear is playing with its cub.) He’s picking on someone small. — yürüyüşü a way of walking on all fours with straight elbows and knees, ayıbacağı, -ni (./...) naut. a way of running with the wind with one boom to starboard and the other to port, ayıbalığı, -m (./...) zool. seal, Phoca. ayıboğan coarsely big and clumsy (person), ayıcı 1. bear keeper, bearherd, bearward. 2. colloq. lout, oaf. 3. colloq. loutish, oafish, ayielmasi, -ni (./...) bot. Osage orange, Osage apple, Maclura pomifera. ayıgiller zool. Ursidae.
ayıgülü, -nü (./..) bot. garden peony, Paeonia officinalis.
                                                                     ayık 1. sober, recovered from drunkenness. 2.
   wide-awake, alert, ayıklama 1. sorting, picking out (the usable from the refuse). 2. shelling (of peas/beans/ nuts).
ayıklamak hi 1. to clean, pick, sort (rice, vegetables, etc.). 2. to shell (peas/beans/nuts). Ayıkla pirincin taşını! colloq. (Pick the stones out of the rice.) What a mess! ayıklanma biol. selection, ayıklanmak 1. (for rice, vegetables, etc.) to be picked over and cleaned. 2. (for peas/beans/ nuts) to be shelled, ayıklatmak ht 1. to have (rice, vegetables, etc.) picked over. 2. to have (peas/beans/nuts) shelled.
ayıklık sobriety, clearheadedness, ayikmak to come to o.s.
ayıkulağı, -ni (./...) bot. auricula, bear’s-ear, Primula auricula. ayılık colloq. loutishness, oafishness. — etmek to behave loutishly. ayılmak 1. to sober up. 2. to come to (after fainting/anesthesia). 3. to come to one’s senses, see the light. — bayılmak to go through paroxysms of grief, ayılıp bayılmak 1. to go through paroxysms of grief.
   2.    /a/ to be infatuated (with), ayıltı hangover.
ayıltmak hi 1. to sober (s.o.) up. 2. to restore (s.o.) to full consciousness, aym ‘ayn, ‘ain, ain (the eighteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet), —lari çatlatmak to pronounce one’s ‘ayns as an Arab would, aymga (./.) 1. shredded tobacco. 2. slang tobacco smuggling, ayıngacı (./..) slang tobacco smuggler, ayıp 1. shame, disgrace. 2. shameful, disgraceful. 3. fault, defect. A—! colloq. Shame on you! — aramak to keep finding fault. — davası law action of warranty regarding defects of property sold. — etmek/yapmak to behave shamefully. A—tır söylemesi.... col-
 ayıplamak                                         77
   loq. 1. if you will excuse the expression. 2. if you’ll pardon me for saying so myself. — yerler privates, private parts, —mı yüzüne vurmak Iml to confront (s.o.) with his/her faults.
ayıplamak hi to blame, vilify, criticize, ayıplanmak to be blamed, be accused of shameful acts.
ayıplı (s.o.) who has something to be ashamed of, who has done something shameful, ayıpsız faultless, perfect (person). — dost/yâr arayan/isteyen, dostsuz/yârsız kalır, proverb A person who insists his/her friends be perfect will find that he/she has no friends, ayıraç 1. touchstone, criterion, standard. 2.
   chem. testing reagent, ayıran spectrum-forming, prismatic, ayirga discord, enmity, strife, ayırıcı 1. used to separate. 2. distinctive. 3. discriminating, ayırım 1. discrimination. 2. distinction. 3. discord, strife. — yapmak to discriminate, treat unequally, practice favoritism, ayırma separating, separation. — yetisi discernment, discrimination, ayırmaç distinguishing feature, ayırmak 1. /ı, dan/ to part, separate, sever (from). 2. hi to choose, pick, select. 3. /i,
   . dan/ to distinguish (from). 4. hi to discriminate (between). 5. Ill to set apart. 6.
   Ill to divide, sunder. 7. /i, a/ to divide (s.t.) into (so many) parts. 8. h, a/ to save, reserve (for). 9. Ill to give separate accommodations (to). 10. /i,dan/ to isolate (from), ayırt 1. property, characteristic (of a material/ an object). 2. distinguishing, distinction. — edilmek /dan/ to be distinguished (from).
   —      etmek /i, dan/ to distinguish, discriminate (from), ayırtaç trademark, ayırtı nuance, shade, ayırtım reserving, reservation, ayirtkan characteristic, characterizing, ayırtkanlaştırmak III to characterize, ayırtkanlık feature, characteristic. — vermek /a/ to characterize, ayırtmak III 1. to reserve (space/tickets) for
   o.s. 2. to have (s.t.) set apart, ayırtman examiner (who tests students that have been taught by another teacher), ayısoğam, -ni (./...) bot., see adasoğanı. ayıt bot. chaste tree, agnus castus, Vitex agnus -castus.
ayıüzümü, -nü (./...) bot. bearberry, Arcto-staphylos uva-ursi. ayıyoncası, -ni (./...) bot. cardoon, Cynara car-dunculus.
ayin (—.) 1. religious service; rite; religious musical service. 2. ceremony. 3. the music used in the Mevlevi ceremony of whirling.
   —i Cem a ceremony of worship performed by various dervish orders, ayinhan (—..) singer in a religious service.
                                                                                                          aynacı
aykırı 1. contrary. 2. /a/ contrary (to), against, in violation of. 3. diverging, divergent. — düşmek /a/ to be contrary (to), be incongruous (with). — katmanlaşma geol. discordant stratification. — olmak /a/ to be contrary, be opposite (to), aykinkam (../..) paradox, aykırılamak hi to cross (s.t.) perpendicularly, aykırılaşmak to become contrary, aykırılık difference, disagreement; incongruity, ayla 1. halo. 2. anat. areola, aylak idle, unemployed. — aylak idly. — olmak to be out of work, aylakçı casual laborer.
aylakçılık 1. being without any real job. 2. idleness, shiftlessness, aylaklık idleness, unemployment. — etmek not to work.
aylama 1. prov. revolving, turning. 2. prov. falling down; slipping down; gliding down.
    3. arch, archivolt, ornamental band/molding surrounding an arch. — askı arch, festoon, swag.
aylamak prov. 1. to revolve, turn. 2. to fall down; to slip down; to glide down. 3. to stay for a month; to stay for months. 4. to wait.
aylandız bot. ailanthus, tree of heaven, Ailan-thus altissima. aylanmak prov. 1. to revolve, turn; to circle; to eddy; to wheel. 2. to wander around idly, stroll around with nothing to do, idle, aylı 1. having a crescent-shaped design. 2. moonlit.
aylık 1. monthly. 2. monthly pay, salary. 3. (so many) months old. 4. lasting (so many^' months. 5. enough for (so many) months.
    —  almak to be on salary. — bağlamak /a/ to put (s.o.) on salary; to grant a monthly allowance (to), —a geçmek to get on a payroll.
aylıkçı one who lives on a monthly salary/ allowance, aylıklı salaried.
ayma becoming truly aware of what is happening.
aymak to begin paying attention again (after a period of absentmindedness), aymaz unaware, heedless, aymazlık carelessness, inattention, ayn obs. eye.
ayna 1. mirror, looking glass. 2. telescope. 3. sextant. 4. panel (of a door/wainscot). 5. blade (of an oar). 6. smooth water (over an upswell). 7. kneecap (of a horse). 8. slang perfect, going very well. 9. curtain (in a shadow show). — gibi 1. mirror-like, lustrous, clean, bright. 2. glassy, without a ripple. — tırnağı metal piece used to hold a mirror on the wall, aynabakar (./..) a variety of plum which has large, egg-shaped fruits, aynacı 1. maker of mirrors; seller of looking
aynalı
78
ayran
    glasses. 2. colloq. trickster, aynalı 1. fitted with mirrors. 2. paneled. 3. slang beautiful. — dolap wardrobe fitted with mirrors, aynalık naut. stern board. — tahtası backboard for the stern seat of a rowboat. Aynaroz 1. Mt. Athos (a mountain in Greece).
    2. Mt. Athos, the peninsula of Mt. Athos, the Athonite peninsula. — Dağı Mt. Athos.
    —      Yarımadası Mt. Athos, the peninsula of Mt. Athos, the Athonite peninsula, aynasız slang 1. bad, unpleasant. 2. policeman, cop. 3. dice, aynasizlanmak slang to be disagreeable, act unpleasantly, aynasızlık slang disagreeableness, unpleasantness.
aynataşı, -m (./..) ornamental slab of a fountain.
*aynaz prov. bog, marsh, swamp, fen, moor. 2aynaz leader of a folk ritual. aynen (/.) 1. exactly, entirely, altogether: O da aynen böyle düşünüyor. She feels exactly the same. Kumaş bu renk miydi? Aynen böyle. Was the cloth this color? The very same. 2. exactly as ..., in exactly the same way as ...: Bunu aynen benim yaptığım gibi yap! Do this exactly as I do it! 3. (repeating s.t.) verbatim, word for word; note for note. 4. (reproducing s.t.) exactly, so that it is exactly like the original, as it is, with no change. 5. (surviving) without having suffered any change, unchanged. 6. (accepting a proposal) exactly as it is, without making any changes. 7. (doing s.t.) exactly as directed. 8. (giving s.t.) in kind (as opposed to giving it in money): Borcunu aynen ifa etti. He repaid his debt in kind. 9. (distributing/dividing s.t.) as it is, without converting it into something else: Benden aldığı nakit parayı aynen ödedi. He repaid me in cash for the cash he’d borrowed. Bu balm vergisini aynen ödedik. We paid the tax on the honey by giving the tax office a portion of the honey. — ifa 1. law specific performance. 2. com. payment in kind. — ödeme com. payment in kind, aynı (/.) 1. the same; identical; equal: Bu aynı manto. This is the same coat. Aynı ehemmiyette olan bir meseleyi açmak istiyorum. I want to open a question of equal importance. Aym can sıkıcı lafları tekrarladı. He repeated the same boring phrases. Notlarımız aynı. Our grades are the same. 2. the same: Aynını istiyorum. I’ll have the same. Bu bileziğin aynını yapabilir misin? Can you make a duplicate of this bracelet? — ağzı kullanmak to say essentially the same thing. — fikirde olmak to be of the same opinion, think the same, feel the same. — kapıya çıkmak to come to the same thing, amount to the same thing. — şekilde in the
    same way. — telden çalmak to say essentially the same thing. — m yapmak Iml 1. to do the same thing (which s.o. else has done).
    2. to make a copy of, duplicate, reproduce.
    —  yolun yolcusu olmak to be headed in the same direction, be fated for the same bad end (as another/as others). — zamanda 1. at the same time, simultaneously: Ayşe ve Gül aynı zamanda doğdu. Ayşe and Gül were born at the same time. 2. at the same time, yet, however, nevertheless: O hafta briç turnuvasına katıldı, aynı zamanda tüm sınavlarını büyük bir başarıyla verdi. That week he played in the bridge tournament, at the same time he passed all his exams with high marks.
aynılık (/..) identity, sameness, aynisafa (/..—) bot., see aymsefa. aynisefa (/..—) bot. calendula; pot marigold, Scotch marigold, Calendula. aynıyla (/..) colloq. 1. exactly as ..., in exactly the same way as .... 2. (repeating s.t.) verbatim, word for word; note for note. 3. (reproducing s.t.) exactly, so that it is exactly like the original, as it is, with no change.
    4.    (surviving) without having suffered any change, unchanged. 5. (accepting a proposal) exactly as it is, without making any changes. 6. (doing s.t.) exactly as directed. *ayni (.—) 1. law real, of or relating to things instead of people; in rem. 2. (s.t.) given in kind (as opposed to being given in money).
    3. (s.t.) which is given as it is, which is given without having been converted into something else. 4. phil. identical. — akit law real contract. — borç law real obligation. — dava law real action. — hak law (a) real right.
    —  mesuliyet law real obligation. — rasyon mil. rations given in kind. — teminat law real security. — yardım aid given in kind.
2ayni (.—) obs. ocular, pertaining to the eye. aynisafa (/..—) bot., see aynisefa. aynisefa (/..—) bot., see aynisefa. ayniyat, -ti 1. movable property, movables, chattels; stock, inventory, goods on hand.
   2.     office in charge of stock or movable property (in a government agency), ayniyet, -ti obs. identicalness, identicality; identity. — felsefesi identity philosophy. — prensibi log. law of identity, identity principle. Aynoroz see Aynaroz.
ayol (/.) Well!/Hey!/You! (mostly used by women).
ayraç parenthesis; parentheses. — açmak to add something parenthetically, ayral exceptional.
ayrallik being exceptional, exception, ayralsiz regular, having no exceptions, ayran 1. airan, a drink made of yogurt and water. 2. buttermilk. — ağızlı slang stupid.
    —  budalası colloq. simpleton. —ım budur, yarısı sudur, colloq. (This is the buttermilk I have, and half of it is water.) 1.1 am sorry
ayrancı                                            79
   I don’t have something better to serve you.
   2.1 am doing this job in a slapdash fashion, but that’s all I can do right now. — delisi colloq., see ayran budalası, —im ekşidir diyen olmaz, proverb (No one will say,
   “My buttermilk is sour.”) Nobody confesses to the shortcomings of his/her own work.
   —   gönüllü colloq. (s.o.) who tends to fall in love quickly. — içmeye geldik; ara açmaya gelmedik, colloq. (We came to drink buttermilk with you, not to pick a fight.)
   We hope our visit will help restore good feelings between us. — ı kabarmak colloq.
   1.  to get violently angry. 2. to be sexually aroused. — ı yok içmeye, atla/tahtırevanla gider sıçmaya, vulg. (He/She has no buttermilk to drink, but he/she goes on horseback to relieve himself/herself.) He/She loves to show off, even though he/she is poor.
ayrancı 1. seller of ayran. 2. maker of ayran, ayrı 1. separate, apart. 2. different, distinct. 3. exceptional. — ayrı 1. separate, distinct. 2. individual, separate. 3. one by one, separately. — baş çekmek to go one’s own way. — çanakyapraklılar bot. dialysepalous plants.
   —   düşmek to be separated from each other.
   —sı gayrisi olmamak (— gayrı bilmemek) to have all things in common. — seçi olmak to withdraw one’s property, cease to share things. — seçi yapmak to be discriminatory. — taçyapraklılar bot. Dialypetalae/ Choripetalae. — tutmak /ı/ to make a distinction (between), discriminate (between).
   —   yumurta ikizleri dizygotic twins, fraternal twins, two-egg twins.
aynbasim (./..) offprint, reprint.
*ayrica (/..) 1. separately. 2. specially, with particular attention. 3. besides, also.
2aynca somewhat apart, ayrıcalı 1. privileged. 2. exceptional, ayrıcalık 1. privilege, favor. 2. com. (an) exclusive right, concession, franchise. — tanımak/göstermek /a/ to favor (one person)
   (at the expense of another). ayrıcalıklı 1. privileged, favored. 2. (s.o.) who is the holder of a privilege/concession; (company) which holds a concession.
   —      pay belgiti preferential share of stock, ayrıcalıksız 1. (s.o.) who has not been singled
   out for favors/privileges. 2. (place) where no one is singled out for favors/privileges, ayrıcasız without exception, ayncinsten (./..) 1. not quite uniform. 2. heterogeneous.
ayrıç prov. fork, branching (of a road/a path), ayrık 1. separated. 2. exceptional. 3. log. disjunctive. 4. path, sequestrated. 5. bot., see aynkotu. — kemik path, sequestrum. — kümeler math, disjoint sets, ayrıkkökü, -nü (./..) the root of couch grass, used as a diuretic, ayrıklaşma path, sequestration, ayrıklı exceptional.
                                                                                                              ayrışım
ayrıklık 1. exception, special treatment. 2. astr. the angle between the momentary radius of a moving body and the greater axis of its orbit.
aynkotu, -nu (..*..) bot. couch grass, Agro-pyron repens. ayrıksı 1. different, eccentric. 2. exceptional.
   —  ay anomalistic month. — yıl anomalistic year.
ayrıksılık 1. eccentricity. 2. being exceptional, ayrıksın eccentric.
ayrıksız 1. unexceptional. 2. without exception. aynİanma 1. separation, process of separating.
   2. isolation.
                                                                        aynlanmak 1. to separate out. 2. to be isolated.
ayrılaşmak to become outstanding.
ayrılı separated, disjoined.
                                                                       ayrılık 1. separateness. 2. remoteness, separation.
   3. difference, lack of accord. 4. deviation. 5. legal separation. — çeşmesi a fountain outside a town where travelers take leave of their friends.
ayrılıkçı 1. (a) separatist. 2. separatist, ayrılıkçılık separatism, ayrılım med. detachment, ayrılış separation, departure, ayrılışmak (for two or more people) to separate, part.
                                                                       ayrılma 1. separation, separating; departure. 2.
    dispersion (into a spectrum), ayrılmak 1. to part, separate from one another.
   2. to crack, split, open up. 3. /a/ to split into.
   4. /dan/ to leave, depart from. 5. to be legally separated.
ayrılmazlık phil. inherence, ayrım 1. differentiation, unequal treatment. 2. part, chapter, section. 3. difference, distinction. 4. cin. sequence. 5. point of separation, ayrımlama cifi. continuity. aynmlanmak to become different, ayrımlaşım see ayrımlaşma, ayrımlaşma differentiation, ayrımlaşmak 1. biol. to differentiate. 2. to diversify, form varieties, ayrımlı 1. different. 2. divided into sections, ayrımlılık difference. * ayrımsamak /i/ to differentiate, distinguish, ayrımsanmak to be differentiated, be perceived as different, ayrımsız similar, identical, ayrımsızlık similarity, identity, ayrıntı detail, —lar details. — çekimi cin. close-up. —larma inmek Iml to get down to the details of (s.t.), begin to look at (s.t.) in detail, ayrıntılı detailed.
ayrışık 1. decomposed, separated into its components. 2. various, different. 3. heterogeneous.
ayrışıklık 1. decomposition; separation into its components. 2. variety, variation. 3. heterogeneity, ayrışım chem. decomposition.
 ayrışmak                                           80
ayrışmak chem. to be decomposed, ayrıştırma decomposition, the process of decomposing a substance, ayrıştırmak7i/ chem. to decompose, analyze, ayrıt, -ti geom. edge, intersection of two planes, aysar moonstruck, aysberg (/.) iceberg, aysberk, -gi (/.) see aysberg, aysfild (/.) ice field, aysfilt (/.) see aysfild. aysız moonless, lacking the light of the moon, ayşekadın (./..) bot. string bean, green bean, aytışmak to quarrel.
ayva 1. quince (the fruit). 2. bot. quince, quince tree, Cydonia oblonga. 3. slang breast, tit, knocker. — ağacı bot. quince tree, Cydonia oblonga. — çekirdeği 1. (a) quince seed. 2.
    (a) matt pink. 3. matt pink, colored matt pink. — göbekli having a recessed navel.
    —  sarısı 1. (a) pale yellow. 2. pale yellow, colored pale yellow. — tatlısı quince baked in a sugar syrup. — tüyü 1. down, fuzz (on the fruit of a quince). 2. fuzz, down, very fine blond hairs (on the face, arms, etc. of a person). — yı yemek slang to be in trouble, be in for it, be done for, for one’s goose to be cooked.
ayvadana (./..) bot. (a variety of) achillea, Achillea nobilis. ayvalık quince orchard.
ayvan iwan, a vaulted room with one side open to a court.
ayvaz 1 .formerly footman, man servant in a mansion. 2. prov. husband. 3. navy hospital aide on a ship. — kasap hep bir hesap, colloq. (Sawbones or butcher, it’s all the same.)
    It makes no difference, ayyar 1. crafty, wily. 2. schemer. — tilki art ayağından tutulur, proverb (A wily fox is finally caught by its hind leg.) A schemer eventually meets his/her downfall, ayyaş 1. drunkard, alcoholic. 2. alcoholic, addicted to alcoholic beverages, ayyaşlık being a drunkard; alcoholism, ayyuk, -ku (.—) 1. colloq. the highest point in the heavens. 2. astr. Capella, Alpha aurigae.
    —a çıkmak 1. (for a noise) to be heard for miles, be very loud. 2. (for s.t.) to be known by everybody and his brother, az 1. small (amount), little. 2. few. 3. too small, too few, not enough, insufficient. 4. seldom, rarely. 5. /dan/ less (than). — ateş çok odunu yakar, proverb (A small fire can light a lot of wood.) 1. It only takes a few troublemakers to upset the general peace.
    2. What seems like a minor threat can turn into an overwhelming catastrophe. —ı bilmeyen çoğu hiç bilmez, proverb (One who does not recognize a little will never recognize a lot.) A person who does not appreciate a little favor is not worthy of real help. — bir şey only a little. — buçuk 1. scanty, hardly enough. 2. a little, some-
                                                                                                           azade
    what. — bulmak /ı/ to consider (s.t.) insufficient. — buz olmamak to be no small matter, be a significant amount, —a çoğa bakmamak to be satisfied with what one gets, —i çoğa tutmak/saymak to accept a small amount as being a great plenty.
   —   çok more or less. — çok dememek see aza çoğa bakmamak. — daha almost, nearly. — değil! colloq. He’s/She’s quite different from what he/she seems to be. —a demişler, “Nereye?” “Çoğun yanma,” demiş, proverb (They asked the few, “Where are you going?” They said, “To join the many.”) The majority tends to overwhelm the minority or make them conform.
   —   el aş kotarır, çok el iş kotarır. (Az eli aşta gör, çok eli işte gör.) proverb It takes few people to expedite the cooking, but many people are needed to expedite other kinds of work. — gelmek not to be enough.
   —   gitti uz gitti, dere tepe düz gitti, (in fairy tales) He/She traveled over hill and dale. — görmek l\! 1. to find (s.t.) insufficient. 2. to find (s.t.) to be less than expected. — günün adamı olmamak to have lived long and seen much. — iş değil. colloq. The work is not to be underrated.
   —   kaldi/kalsm almost, nearly, —a kanaat etmeyen çoğu hiç bulamaz, proverb One who cannot be content with a little will never have a lot. — kaz, uz kaz, boyunca kaz. proverb (Dig, but not much; dig sensibly; dig no deeper than your height.) Don’t do evil to others. — olsun, öz/uz olsun, proverb Let it be little but good.
   —   söyle, çok dinle, proverb Say little and listen a lot. — söyler, uz söyler, colloq. He/She says little, but what he/she says is significant. — tamah çok ziyan/zarar getirir. proverb A little greed causes great loss. — veren candan, çok veren maldan. proverb He/She who gives little gives from his/her heart; he/she who gives much gives from his/her wealth. — verip çok yalvarmak to pay back a little of one’s debt and plead for time for the rest. — ye de bir uşak tut. colloq. (If you must have help, you had better eat little and hire a servant.) Don’t order me around! — yiyen az uyur, çok yiyen güç uyur, proverb One who eats lightly does not sleep long; one who overeats has a hard time sleeping.
aza (-------) 1. (a) member (of a club, society,
   etc.). 2. anat. member, (a) part (of the body); organ; limb. 3. members (of a club, society, etc.). 4. anat. members, parts (of the body); organs; limbs.
azaddiraht, -ti (------..) bot. chinaberry tree,
   chinaberry, China tree, pride of China, pride of India, azedarach, Melia azedarach.
azade (— —.) 1. free, untrammeled. 2. /dan/ free from, free of. 3. /dan/ freed of, released from. 4. /dan/ untrammeled by,
azadelik
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azınlık
    unfettered by.
azadelik (------..) freedom.
Azak Azov. — Denizi the Sea of Azov, azakeyeri, -ni (./...) bot. sweet flag, Acorus calamus. azalma decrease.
azalmak to become less, lessen, diminish, be reduced, be lowered, be decreased, azaltıcı theat. dimmer, azaltma reduction, lightening, decrease, azaltmak /ı/ to lessen, reduce, lower, decrease, azam (—.) obs. greatest; major; supreme; paramount.
azamet, -ti 1. greatness, grandeur, augustness, majesty; magnificence; imposingness. 2. pomp; ostentation; haughty display of style or self-importance; overweening pride.
    —ine dokunmak Iml to wound (s.o.’s) vanity, pique (s.o.). — satmak to put on grand airs, act high and mighty, azametfüruş (....—) obs. pompous, high-and -mighty; (overly) proud, conceited, azametli 1. grand, august, majestic; imposing, impressive. 2. pompous, high-and-mighty; (overly) proud, conceited, azami (—.—) 1. maximum, greatest, utmost: azami miktar maximum amount, azami kuvvetiyle with all his strength. 2. at most, at the most, at the very most: Azami on mil-yon eder. It’ll go for ten million at most.
   3. math, (a) maximum. — derecede at most, at the most, at the very most; to the utmost.
   —  hız/sürat speed limit.
*azap 1. torment, anguish, suffering; pain; distress. 2. torment, punishment (of hell). — çekmek to suffer torment, suffer anguish.
   —  vermek /a/ to torment, make (s.o.) suffer anguish.
2azap 1. prov. (male) farmhand, hired hand. 2.
    Ott. hist, soldier of a certain class; marine, azar dressing down, severe reproof. — işitmek/ yemek to get a dressing down, be rebuked, azar azar (./ ..) little by little, azarlama dressing down, severe reproof, azarlamak hi to dress (s.o.) down, rebuke, reprove (s.o.) severely, azarlanmak to get a dressing down, be rebuked.
azat 1. emancipation, liberation, setting free. 2. set free. 3. dismissal, being let out (from school). — buzat, beni cennet kapısında gözet! Be free and protect me at the gate of Paradise (said when releasing a captive bird). — etmek III 1. to dismiss (school children). 2. to set free, azatlı 1. freed, manumitted. 2. freedman; freed-woman.
                                                                    azatlık 1. freedom from slavery, liberty. 2. fit to be set free, azatsız bound, not to be freed, azca rather little, rather few. nereye?” “Çokçanm yanma.” proverb (“Where are you going, you few?” “To join the many.”)
   A minority tends to be overwhelmed by the majority, azdırılmak 1. to be made wild/rough/infected/ inflamed. 2. to be excited sexually. 3. to be stained beyond bleaching. 4. to be crossbred, azdırmak hi 1. to inflame, irritate. 2. to tease, drive wild; to excite sexually. 3. to spoil, indulge (a child). 4. to corrupt, lead astray. 5. to soil (laundry) beyond hope of bleaching, azelya (./.) bot. azalea, Rhododendron. Azerbaycan (—...) 1. Azerbaijan. 2. Azerbaijani, of Azerbaijan.
                                                                    AzerbaycanlI (—....) 1. (an) Azerbaijani. 2.
   Azerbaijani (person), azergede (■—...) obs. fire temple.
                                                                     Azeri (—.—) 1. (an) Azerbaijani, (an) Azeri Turk. 2. Azeri, Azeri Turkish, Azerbaijani.
   3. (speaking/writing) in Azeri, Azeri. 4. Azeri (speech/writing); spoken in Azeri; written in Azeri. 5. Azeri, pertaining to the Azeris or their language.
Azerice (—-.—.) 1. Azeri, Azeri Turkish, Azerbaijani, the Azeri language. 2. (speaking/ writing) in Azeri, Azeri. 3. Azeri (speech/ writing); spoken in Azeri; written in Azeri, azerkede (—...) obs., see azergede. azgelişmiş (/...) underdeveloped. — ülke 1. underdeveloped country. 2. slang shrimp, runt, azgelişmişlik (/....) underdevelopment, azgm 1. wild, mad; fierce, ferocious. 2. tender, sensitive, easily inflamed (skin). 3. ulcerated, ulcerous, ulcered. 4. naughty, wild, undisciplined (child). 5. oversexed, excessively lustful. 6. (animal) in heat, in rut. azgınlaşmak 1. to get wild. 2. to be inflamed.
   3.    to become oversexed, become lecherous, azgınlık 1. wildness, fierceness. 2. ulceration; tendency to ulcerate. 3. naughtiness (of a child). 4. being oversexed, azı molar tooth.
azıcık (/..) 1. very small (amount). 2. just a little bit. 3. for a moment. — aşım, kaygısız/ ağrısız/kavgasız başım, proverb (My food is scanty but nothing is worrying me.) 1. It is good to live simply. 2. It is restful not to have too many people in the house, azıdişi, -ni (./..) see azı. azık 1. food (taken along to be eaten while traveling). 2. food. — torbası food bag, lunch bag. azıklı charitable, feeding poor people, aziksiz without provisions. — yola çıkanın iki gözü el torbasında kalır, proverb If a person sets off on a journey without any provisions he/she keeps eyeing the provision sacks of others, azılı ferocious, wild; tough and dangerous, azımsama disappointment, dissatisfaction with the amount of something, azımsamak hi 1. to regard (s.t.) as too little.
   2.    to underestimate, undervalue, azm minimum, the minimum, azınlık minority, —lar the minorities, the non
azış
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azvay
    -Muslim communities in Turkey. — hükümeti pol. minority government. — ta kalmak to be in the minority, azış intensity, forcefulness, azışık intense, forceful, azışmak to intensify, become aggravated, azıştırmak /ı/ to aggravate, add fuel to. Azıtmak hi to make worse, aggravate, exacerbate (a situation).
2azıtmak 1. to get wild, get out of control. 2.
    hi to drive away, azıttırmak 111 to drive wild, azil, -zli dismissal, terminating the employment of (s.o.).
^zim, -zmi 1. determination, resolution, firm intention. 2. setting out on a journey to, setting out for.
2azim (.—) obs. 1. great, vast, prodigious, immense. 2. powerful, tremendous. 3. lofty, exalted, sublime. 4. important, of great consequence, major. -azime (.—.) obs. 1. incantation, prayer (said to ward off evil spirits, sickness). 2. charm, amulet, talisman. 3. determination, resolution.
azimet, -ti (.—.) obs. l! setting out, departing, departure. 2. going. 3. incantation, prayer (said to ward off evil spirits, sickness). 4. charm, amulet, talisman. — etmekf/a/ 1. to set out (for), depart (for). 2. to go (to), azimkâr (..—) obs., see azimli, azimli determined, resolute, aziz 1. dear, beloved. 2. saintly, holy, sacred.
    3.    saint. —im my dear friend, azizlik 1. sainthood. 2. practical joke, trick, trick played for fun. — etmek /a/ to play a trick (on a friend for fun), azledilmek (/...) to be dismissed, be discharged, be removed from one’s post, azletmek (/..) hi to dismiss, discharge, terminate the employment of (s.o.), remove (s.o.) from his'/her post, azlık 1. scarcity. 2. minority. — çokluk quantity.
                                                                      azlolmak (/..) to be dismissed, be discharged, be removed from one’s post, azlolunmak (/...) see azlolmak. azma 1. wildness. 2. sexual excitement. 3. of mixed breed. 4. med. irritation, exacerbation. *azmak 1. to get wild, get out of control. 2.
    (for the sea) to get rough. 3. (for a wound) to become infected, get inflamed. 4. to be sexually excited. 5. (for clothes) to be stained beyond bleaching. 6. to be of mixed blood. Azan kurda kızan köpek, proverb (An angry dog for a wild wolf.) 1. A wicked person will eventually be the downfall of a troublemaker. 2. An excited man needs an eager woman.
2azmak prov. 1. pool of standing water. 2. dry pit. 3. ditch, irrigation ditch, drainage ditch, azman 1. enormous, overgrown. 2. of mixed breed. 3. heavy log. azmetmek (/..) /a/ 1. to resolve, determine (to do s.t.). 2. to set out on a journey to, set out for.
azmettirmek (/...) /ı, a/ to get (s.o.) to resolve firmly (to do s.t.). aznavur 1. strapping and pugnacious man, tough guy. 2. daring fighter. 3. wild, unruly, unmanageable. 4. brave and daring. 5. (man) who is big, pugnacious, and hard to get along with, aznif a kind of dominoes (a game), azoik azoic.
Azor Azorean, of the Azores. — Adaları the Azores.
azot, -tu chem. nitrogen. — dengesi nitrogen balance. — devri nitrogen cycle, azotlama 1. nitrification. 2. test for free nitrogen.
azotlamak hi to nitrify, nitrogenize. azotlu nitrogenous, azotometre (.../.) nitrometer.
Azrail (.—.) Azrael. — e bir can borcu kal-mak/olmak 1. to free o.s. from debt. 2. to resign o.s. to one’s eventual death. — le burun buruna gelmek to come face to face with death, for death to stare (s.o.) in the face.
    —e el ense çekmek slang to recover from sickness, —in elinden kurtulmak to be saved from death. — gelince oğul, uşak sormaz. proverb (When Azrael comes he does not ask about one’s children.) 1. One cannot bargain with death. 2. Death comes to people of all conditions of life, azrak rare.
Aztek (/.) 1. (an) Aztec. 2. Aztec, of the Aztecs, their language, or their civilization, azvay bot. aloe, Aloe.
B
B 1. the letter B. 2. chem. B (boron). 3. mus. B (the seventh note in the scale of C major or the key based on this note). — vitamini vitamin B.
B.  (abbr. for Bay) Mr. (Mister).
b 1. the letter b. 2. mus. b (signifying a flat).
    3. mus. b (basso).
bab (—) obs., see bap.
baba 1. father. 2. title applied to a holy man or to a respected elderly man: İsmet Baba, Telli Baba, Yümni Baba. 3. the leader of a group of dervishes; (among the Bektashi dervishes) the head of a tekke. 4. bollard; bitt. 5. newel-post, newel (large post at the foot or landing of a stairway). 6. arch. king post; crown post; queen post (in the truss of a roof). 7. head (of a walking stick). 8. colloq. mafia chief, mafia boss. 9. slang penis, *dick, *cock, *pecker. — m colloq. 1. a vocative expression used after an imperative when addressing an intimate friend: Anlat babam, ne oldu? Now tell me what happened man! 2. used before and after an imperative to emphasize that an action was prolonged: Oku babam oku! Read, read, read! — adam elderly man who is wise and kind, —mm adı Hıdır, elimden gelen budur. colloq. This is the best I can do ./I’m doing the best I can. — bucağı family home, homeplace. —sının/—lar mm çiftliği a place which one can exploit at will, one’s private preserve: Orası babasının çiftliği mi? Is that a place which he can just exploit at will? — dostu an old friend of one’s father. — evi 1. home, the place on which one’s familial affections are centered. 2. family home, homeplace. — fırını has çıkarır, proverb (A father’s oven makes good bread.) It is easy to live on a father’s money. — sının hayrma for the sheer love of it, without thinking of getting something out of it: Çetin, o heyette babasının hayrına mı çalışıyor sanki? Mutlaka bir menfaat peşindedir! Do you think Çetin’s serving on that committee for the sheer love of it? He’s most certainly hoping to reap some benefit for himself! Ona babasının hayrma iş vermezler elbet. You can be sure they aren’t going to give him a job just to show they’re nice guys. — hindi colloq., zool. turkey-cock, gobbler, Meleagris gallopavo. — hindi gibi kabarmak to become swelled up with self-importance, swell
 up with pride and arrogance, puff o.s. up. —dan kalma inherited from one’s father: Babadan kalma bir evi var. He has a house which he inherited from his father.
 —   koruk yer, oğlunun dişi kamaşır. proverb (The father eats sour grapes and the son’s teeth are set on edge.) A child will suffer for his father’s sins. — malı tez tükenir, evlat gerek kazana, proverb As wealth inherited from one’s father is soon spent, a wise child will not pin his/her hopes on an inheritance, but look to earning his/her own way. — mirası mum gibidir. proverb Inherited wealth melts away as quickly as a burning candle. — ocağı see baba evi. —dan oğula from father to son. —smm oğlu, colloq. Like father, like son. —sı oğluna bir bağ bağışlamış, sonra oğlu babasına bir salkım üzüm vermemiş. proverb The.father gave the son a vineyard; then the son refused his father a bunch of grapes, —mm öleceğini bilseydim kulağı dolu darıya satardım (acı soğana değişirdim), proverb, see Anamın öleceğini bilseydim kulağı dolu darıya satardım (acı soğana değişirdim). — na rahmet! colloq. (May your father be blessed for begetting you!) You are very kind indeed! —sma rahmet okumak Iml (for s.o.) to be so wonderful he/she makes you want to bless the father that begot him/her. —sma rahmet okutmak Iml 1. (for s.o ./s.t.) to be so bad that he/she/it makes one yearn for (s.o./s.t. else who/which is in himself/her-self/itself undesirable): Fecri bir felaketti, fakat Feyman, Fecri’nin babasına rahmet okutuyor. Fecri was a disaster, but Feyman is so awful he makes us yearn to have Fecri back again. 2. (for s.o.) to be so wonderful he/she makes you want to bless the father that begot him/her. — nm sanatı oğula mirastır, proverb (A father’s business is an inheritance for his son.) As the trade of a father is usually learned by his son, this trade should be reckoned a part of the son’s inheritance. — tarafından paternally.
 —   torik 1. colloq., zool. bonito which has reached a large size, Pelamys sarda. 2. slang penis, *dick, *cock, *pecker. —lari/—sı tutmak 1. to become enraged, have a conniption, have a conniption fit. 2. to shake or move about convulsively (as if one is having a fit), —lari üstünde olmak to be ready to
babaanne
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badanalamak
    explode (with rage). — yergisi görümlük, koca vergisi doyumluk, proverb What a father gives his daughter (as a dowry) is for show; it is the husband who supports her through the years. — yurdu see baba evi. babaanne (./..) father’s mother, paternal grandmother.
babacan fatherly, paternal (older man), babacanlaşmak to become fatherly, babacanlık fatherliness, babacığımcılık slang picking the pocket of an old man by pretending to recognize him and embracing him. babacil (s.o.) who is especially devoted to his/ her father, babacılık paternalism.
babaç prov. the largest and oldest male (in a flock of poultry), babaçko (./.) slang strong; imposing (woman), babafingo (../.) naut. topgallant.
Babai (.-------) Babaist.
Babailik (.-------.) Babaism.
babakoru (./..) veined agate cut so that the veins run horizontally across the surface; jasponyx.
babaköş zool. blindworm, Anguis fragilis. babalanmak 1. to become enraged, have a conniption, have a conniption fit. 2. slang to swagger around like a mafia boss, play the mafia boss, babalı 1. (s.o,) who has a father. 2. (s.o.) who is in a temper, fuming, smoking. 3. (s.o.) who is shaking or moving about convulsively (as if he/she is having a fit). — kâğıt slang marked playing card, marked card, babalık 1. fatherhood, paternity. 2. stepfather, adoptive father. 3. father-in-law. 4. simple old man. — davası law paternity suit. — etmek /a/ to act as a father (to). — firm has işler, colloq. Life is great for those who can live off what their fathers have earned (said sarcastically). babatatlisi, -ni (./...) a sponge cake which is about the size of a large muffin and which has been soaked in sugar syrup, babayani (..—.) unpretentious, simple and slightly shabby (man), babayiğit 1. hero, brave man. 2. straightforward, forthright, gutsy. 3. swashbuckler, babayiğitlik bravado; guts.
Babıâli (—.— —) 1. the Sublime Porte (the central office of the Ottoman government).
    2. the section of Istanbul where many publishing houses are found.
Babil (—.) Babylon. — Kulesi the tower of Babel.
Babilik (— —.) Babism. babon zool. baboon, Papio leucophaeus. Babülmendep (—...) Bab el Mandeb (a strait between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden), bac see baç.
baca 1. chimney; flue; funnel of a ship. 2. skylight; smoke hole. 3. shaft, mine shaft; sewer
    ventilator. — aydınlığı skylight. — başı mantelpiece, —sı eğri, amma dumanı doğru çıkar, proverb (The chimney is crooked but the smoke comes out straight.) Don’t be put off by appearances: if the person or object in question is made of the right stuff, he/she/it will get the job done just fine. — fırıldağı chimney cowl. — kulağı side shelf of a hearth. — külahı chimney cap; chimney pot. — küngü chimney block. — temizleyi-cisi/süpürücüsü chimney sweep. — tomruğu the part of the chimney rising above the roof, —sı tütmek Iml (for a household) to get along, survive somehow, —sı tütmez olmak (for a family) to be broken up or left without resources.
*bacak 1. leg. 2. shank. — bacak üstüne (atmak) (to sit) with one’s legs crossed. — kadar colloq. tiny, small (child); very short (person). — kadar boyu var, türlü türlü huyu var. colloq. Although he’s/she’s only a wee little thing, he’s/she’s already gotten to be quite temperamental. — kalemi anat., see bacakkalemi. —lan kopmak Iml to wear out one’s legs. — lan tutmamak Iml to be unable to support o.s. on one’s legs. 2bacak playing cards jack, Brit, knave, bacakkalemi, -ni (./...) anat. shank bone, tibia, bacaklı 1. having legs. 2. long-legged. 3. print. ascending/descending (letter). — yazı large and clear handwriting, bacaksız 1. having no legs. 2. short-legged.
   3.     colloq. insignificant, miserable. 4. colloq. a child who tries something he’s/she’s too young to do. bacanak the husband of one’s wife’s sister, bacı 1. colloq. older sister. 2. colloq. sister. 3. a title given to an old (usually black) serving woman who has served a long time in a home. 4. the wife of a dervish sheikh. 5. an informal way for a husband to address his wife.
baç 1. protection money. 2. Ott. hist, tax; duty, baççı 1. extortioner, extortionist, person who extorts protection money. 2. Ott. hist, collector of taxes/duties, bad (—) obs. wind.
                                                                     badana (./.) 1. whitewash. 2. latex paint; color wash; calcimine; distemper. — etmek /ı/,
   —      vurmak /a/ 1. to whitewash. 2. to paint (s.t.) with latex paint; to put a color wash on; to calcimine; to distemper. — olmak 1. to be whitewashed. 2. to be painted with latex paint; to be painted with a color wash; to be calcimined; to be distempered, badanacı (./..) 1. whitewasher. 2. painter (of buildings, rooms, etc.) who uses latex paint, color wash, calcimine, or distemper, badanalamak hi 1. to whitewash. 2. to paint (s.t.) with latex paint; to put a color wash on; to calcimine; to distemper. 3. slang (for a man) to press/rub his penis repeatedly against the vulva of (a woman).
badanalanmak
 85
bağıcı
badanalanmak 1. to be whitewashed. 2. to be painted with latex paint; to be painted with color wash; to be calcimined; to be distempered. 3. slang for the vulva of (a woman) to be repeatedly pressed/rubbed by a penis, badanalı (./..) 1. whitewashed. 2. painted with latex paint; painted with color wash; calcimined; distempered. 3. (face) which is white from an overuse of powder. 4. (face) that is thick with make-up. badas prov. threshing-floor sweepings, a mixture of grain and refuse, bade (—.) obs. wine.
badehu (—'.—) obs. after that, afterwards, then, badem (—.) 1. almond (the fruit). 2. bot. almond tree, Prunus amygdalus. 3. vegetable vendors’ slang cucumber. — ağacı bot. almond tree, Prunus amygdalus. — gibi fresh and crisp (cucumber). — gözlü having large almond-shaped eyes. — helvası a paste-like sweet containing almonds. — içi almond, kernel of an almond. — kurabiyesi macaroon. — kürk fur made from the legs of fox skins. — sübyesi almond milk, a drink made from pounded almonds. — tırnak almond-shaped fingernail, badema (—'.—) obs. henceforth, after this, bademcik (—..) anat. tonsil, amygdala. —lerini almak/çıkarmak Iml surg. to remove (s.o.’s) tonsils.
bademezmesi, -ni (—/...) almond paste, marchpane, marzipan, bademli (-—..) with almonds, having almonds, bademlik (-—..) almond orchard, bademşekeri, -ni (—/...) 1. sugared almonds.
   2.    slang bullet, bademyağı, -ni (—/..) almond oil. baderna (./.) naut. keckling. — etmek /i/ to keckle.
badıç prov. pod, bean pod, seed pod. badi prov. duck. — badi yürümek to waddle, badik prov. 1. duck. 2. duckling; gosling. 3.
   short (person), badiklemek prov. to waddle, walk with a waddle.
badire (—..) unforeseen danger, badya (/.) a wide and shallow basin with two handles.
bagaj 1. luggage, baggage. 2. car trunk, —a vermek /i/ to check (baggage), baget, -ti 1. baton, baguette, baguet (of a band or orchestra leader). 2. baguette (French bread). 3. baguette, baguet (of a gem cut in a certain way). 4. baguette, baguet (a kind of cut for a gem).
*bağ 1. tie, string, cord. 2. bandage. 3. bunch (of a vegetable); sheaf. 4. bond, connection, link; affection. 5. ligament. 6. impediment, restraint. 7. mus. bind; slur; tie. — kuşak arch, binding piece.
2bağ 1. vineyard. 2. poet, garden; orchard. — bahçe vineyards and orchards, —a bak üzüm olsun, yemeye yüzün olsun, proverb
    Take care of the vineyard so that it will have grapes; then you can eat them without embarrassment. — bayırda, tarla çayırda. proverb (The vineyard should be on the hillside and the crops in the flat of the valley.) Things work best if they have the right conditions. — bellemek to hoe a vineyard. — bozmak to harvest grapes. — budamak to prune a vineyard. — çubuğu vine shoot; vine cutting. — kütüğü vine stock.
*bağa 1. tortoiseshell. 2. tortoiseshell, made of tortoiseshell. 3.prov. turtle.
                                                                          2bağa prov. 1. goiter; lump, swelling, protuberance. 2. gnarl, knob, knot (on the stump of a grapevine), bağan prov. 1. miscarried fetus. 2. astrakhan, bağboğan bot. dodder, lovevine, devil’s-gut, Cuscuta.
bağbozumu, -nu (/...) 1. grape harvest, vintage; the harvesting of the last grapes of the season. 2. the end of the grape harvest season. — fırtınası a storm coming about October first, bağcı grape grower, bağcık cord, string, strap, bağcılık viticulture, viniculture, bağdadi (.— —) (walls) made of lath and plaster.
bağdalamak hi wrestling to trip (one’s opponent) with one’s foot, bağdamak hi prov. to intertwine; to embrace;
    to cross (one’s legs), bağdaş sitting cross-legged. — kurmak to sit cross-legged, bağdaşık 1. in agreement, united by an understanding. 2. homogeneous. — toplum an integrated society, bağdaşıklık 1. mutual agreement, harmony, concordance. 2. homogeneity, bağdaşım coherence, internal unity, bağdaşma agreement, harmony; a good blend, bağdaşmak 1. /la/ to get along well (with).
    2.    to choose partners in a children’s game, bağdaşmazlık incompatibility, bağdaştırıcı bringing to agreement, mediating,
    reconciliatory, harmonizing, bağdaştırma reconciliation, harmonization, bağdaştırmak 111 to bring to agreement, reconcile, harmonize.
Bağdat (/.) 1. Baghdad, Bagdad. 2. Baghdad, Bagdad, of Baghdad. — çıbanı path. Bagdad boil, Oriental boil/button. — harap colloq. very hungry. —ı tamir etmek colloq. to eat one’s meal. — tatlısı a sweet dish made of apricots, sugar, almonds, and cream. Bağdatlı (/..) 1. (a) Baghdadi. 2. Baghdadi (person).
bağdoku (/..) biol. connective tissue, bağfîil (/..) gram, a kind of participle, subordinating verb form, bağı spell, charm.
bağıcı 1. binding. 2. connective; conjunctive.
    3. sorcerer, sorceress. 4. seductive. 5. se-
 bağıl                                             86
    ducer.
bağıl 1. dependent, conditional. 2. relative, relevant.
bağıldak prov. the strap with which a baby is kept in its cradle, bağıldeğer (./..) math, 1. directed number.
    2. place value, bağıllık relativity, relevance, bağılnem (./.) relative humidity, bağım dependence, bağımlanma becoming dependent, bağımlanmak to become dependent, bağımlaşım see bağımlaşma, bağımlaşma interdependence, bağımlaşmak to become dependent on each other.
bağımlı dependent. — ortaklık com. subsidiary company, subsidiary. — sıralı tümce gram. a sentence whose clauses have a common subject or whose subject governs more than one verb, bağımlılık dependence.
bağımsız independent. — sıralı tümce gram.
    compound sentence.
Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu, -nu the Commonwealth of Independent States (composed • of some republics which were formerly a part of the U.S.S.R.). bağımsızlaşmak to become independent, gain one’s independence, bağımsızlaştırmak /ı/ to make (s.o./a political unit) independent, bağımsızlık independence, bağımsızlıkçı person in favor of independence, bağımsızlıkçılık independence movement, bağıntı 1. relation; relationship. 2. correlation, bağıntıcı phil. relativist, bağıntıcılık phil. relativism, bağıntılı relative, relevant, bağıntılılık relativity, relevance, bağır, -ğrı 1. bosom, breast. 2. heart. 3. middle part (of an archery bow). 4. saddle (of a mountain). 5. bowels, internal organs, viscera. —lar viscera. —ı açık 1. (s.o.) who is wearing his shirt half open. 2. with one’s shirt half open. 3. anguished, tortured. 4. in a state of anguish. — ma basmak /ı/ to embrace, take to one’s heart, enfold, —mı delmek Iml to grieve, upset, hurt. — ı kara depressed, unhappy. — ma taş basmak to suffer patiently. — ı yanık heartsick, worn with much suffering. — ı yanmak 1. to be deeply grieved, be very upset. 2. to be very thirsty, be spitting cotton. — yeleği leather jerkin (worn under a suit of armor). —ı yufka softhearted, tenderhearted, bağır bağır (./ ..) see bar bar. bağırdak prov., see bağıldak, bağırış 1. shouting; shout; hollering; holler; yelling; yell; bellowing; bellow; braying; bray.
                                   2. noise (made by an animal or animals). — çağırış ranting and raving, carrying on. bağırmak 1. to shout, holler, yell; to bellow;
                                                                                                        bağıştıran
   to bray. 2. /a/ to bawl (s.o.) out, rail at, berate. 3. (for an animal) to make a loud noise, carry on. 4. (for s.t.) virtually to trumpet, advertise (s.t.) clearly: Afet geliyorum diye bağırıyordu, fakat aldıran yoktu. The catastrophe all but announced that it was going to happen, yet no one took any notice. Duvardaki saat, zamanın ne kadar azaldığını bağırıyordu. The clock on the wall was virtually shouting how little time remained. bağırıp çağırmak 1. to rant and rave, carry on. 2. /a/ to bawl (s.o.) out, rail at, berate.
bağırsak anat. intestine. — açımı surg. enter-otomy. — ağızlaştırma surg. enterostomy.
   —      askısı anat. mesentery, —mı deşmek Iml to carve up (s.o.’s) innards, kill (used in threats only). — ingini path, enteritis. — kazıntısı biochem. intestinal mucus. — solucanı zool. ascarid. — tıkanması path, ileus, paralytic ileus. — yangısı path, enteritis, bağırtı 1. shouting; shout; hollering; holler; yelling; yell; bellowing; bellow; braying; bray.
    2.    noise (made by an animal or animals), bağırtlak zool. sandgrouse, Anas querquedula. bağırtmak hi 1. to make (s.o.) shout/holler/ yell/bellow/bray. 2. to cause (an animal) to make a loud noise, bağış grant, donation. — ta bulunmak /a/ to make a donation to. — toplamak to collect donations. — yapmak /a/ see bağışta bulunmak.
bağışçı donor, donator; grantor, bağışık med. immune, bağışıklama med. immunization, bağışıklamak /ı, a/ med. to immunize (s.o.) against.
bağışıklık 1. med. immunity. 2. exemption, bağışıklıkbilim (.../..) immunology, bağışıt, -ti excuse.
bağışlama 1. donation, donating; grant, granting. 2. pardon, pardoning; forgiving. 3. Christ, absolution; indulgence, bağışlamak 1. /ı, a/ to donate (s.t.) to; to grant (s.t.) to. 2. hi to pardon (s.o.); to forgive (a misdeed/a debt). 3. hi Christ, to absolve, pardon. 4. hi to spare, refrain from killing (s.o.); to spare (s.o.’s life). 5. hi to excuse, forgive (s.o.) (for a small fault), bağışlanma 1. donation, being donated; grant, being granted. 2. pardon, being pardoned; being forgiven, bağışlanmak 1. /a/ to be donated (to); to be granted (to). 2. to be pardoned; to be forgiven. 3. Christ, to be absolved. 4. to be spared.
bağışlatmak /i, a/ 1. to get/allow (s.o.) to donate/grant (s.t.). 2. to get/allow (s.o.) to pardon/forgive (s.o./s.t.). 3. to get/allow (one person) to spare (another, another’s life), bağışlayıcı 1. donor, donator; grantor. 2. pardoner; forgiver. 3. Christ, absolver. bağıştıran see antijen.
 bağıt                                              87
bağıt, -tı agreement, contract, bağıtçı party to a contract, bağıtlaşmak /la/ to agree, contract (with), bağıtlı 1. bound by a contract. 2. registered (mail).
bağkesen zool. stag beetle, pinchbug, Lucanus cervus.
bağlaç gram, conjunction. — öbeği/grubu gram, a group of words in parallel construction.
bağlaçlı gram, having a conjunction. — tamlama gram, conjunctive phrase. — yan-tiimce gram, subordinate clause, bağlağı prov. dam; weir, bağlam 1. context. 2. phil. coherence, consistency. 3. sheaf; bunch; bundle, bağlama 1. tying; binding. 2. a plucked instrument with three double strings and a long neck. 3. brace, crossbeam. 4. mech. coupling. 5. ling, liaison. — limanı naut. home port, port of registry. — ulacı gram. conjunctive participle, a participle whose person, number, and tense are supplied by the parallel verb following it. bağlamacı a person who plays/makes/sells a bağlama.
bağlamak 1. /ı, a/ to tie (s.o./s.t.) to; to bind (s.o./s.t.) to; /i, la/ to tie (s.o./s.t.) up (with): Saçını kırmızı kurdeleyle bağladı. She tied up her hair with a red ribbon. 2. /i/ to tie (one’s shoes/one’s shoelaces/a tie/a ribbon).
   3.    lit to bandage, bind up (a wound). 4. /i/ to gird on (one’s sword). 5. /i/ to tie (s.t.) up in a bundle. 6. /a, 1/ to put (s.o.) on (a salary); to assign (s.o.) a regular supply of (rations). 7. Ill (for s.t.) to bind, be binding upon (s.o.). 8. hi to finalize (a business deal); h, a/ to draw up or make (a contract) for (a project/an activity): O işi bağladık. We’ve finalized that deal. 9. /l, a/ to make (s.o.) devoted to, bind (s.o.) to. 10. hi to tie (s.o.) down, limit the scope of (s.o.’s) activities; to constrain; to fetter. 11. hi to cross (one’s arms). 12. (for a skin) to form (on milk/yogurt); (for ice) to form (on the surface of a body of water); (for a wound) to get (a scab) on it, scab over; (for the chimney of a lamp) to get sooty: Yoğurt kaymak bağladı. The yogurt’s skinned over. Bu şişeler çok is bağladı. These lamp chimneys have gotten very sooty. 13. hi prov. to block; to dam, dam up; to stop the flow of. 14. Ill to shut (a door), bağlamsal contextual.
bağlanım commitment, devotion, dedication (to a cause).
bağlanmak 1. /a/ to be tied (to); to be bound (to); to be tied up. 2. (for shoes/shoelaces/a tie/a ribbon) to be tied. 3. (for a wound) to be bandaged, be bound up. 4. (for s.t.) to be tied up in a bundle. 5. /a/ (for a salary, a regular supply of rations) to be assigned to (s.o.). 6. /a/ (for an individual/a company)
                                                                                                              bağlık
   to have contracted to (carry out a project); (for a business deal) to be finalized; /a/ (for the terms of a project) to be agreed upon: Proje bugün sözleşmeye bağlandı. The terms of the project were agreed upon today.
   7.    /a/ to be committed to, be dedicated to (a cause); to be devoted to (s.o.). 8. /a/ to concern o.s. with (s.t.). 9. to end, turn out. bağlantı 1. connection, tie, link. 2. mech. coupling, device that serves to connect the ends of adjacent parts or objects. 3. phys. linkage. — borusu plumbing soil branch, pipe leading to the soil pipe. — çubuğu tie rod (of an automotive vehicle). — kurmak /la/ to make contact with, contact, get in touch with. — kutusu elec. junction box. — yapmak /la/ to make an agreement with, come to an agreement with, bağlantılı 1. connected, linked. 2. pol. aligned (nation), (nation) which is a member of an alliance.
bağlantısız 1. unconnected, unlinked. 2. pol. nonaligned, unaligned (nation), (nation) which does not belong to ,an alliance. 3. pol. nonaligned nation, bağlantısızlık 1. unconnectedness. 2. pol. non-alignment.
bağlaşık 1. pol. allied. 2. closely connected, interconnected, intertwined. 3. pol. ally. — sayılar math, amicable numbers, bağlaşıklık being allied, alliance, bağlaşma becoming allied with each other, forming an alliance, alliance, bağlaşmak pol. (for nations) to become allied with each other, form an alliance, bağlatmak 1. /a, ı/ to have/let (s.o.) tie (s.o./ s.t.) up; /i, a/ to have (s.o./s.t.) tied/bound to. 2. /a, i/ to have (s.o.) tie (shoes/shoelaces/a ribbon/a tie). 3. /a, ı/ to have (s.o.) bandage (a wound). 4. /a, ı/ to have (s.o.) tie (s.t.) up in a bundle. 5. /a, 1/ to have (s.o.) put on (a salary); to have (a regular supply of rations) assigned to (s.o.). 6. /a, il to have (s.o.) finalize (a business deal). 7. h, a/ to cause (s.o.) to become devoted to. bağlayıcı 1. connective, connecting. 2. conjunctive. 3. binding, relevant, in force, bağlı 1. /a/ tied (to), bound (to); linked with, connected to, attached to. 2. /a/ committed to; devoted to; faithful to. 3. /a/ affiliated with, related to, connected with. 4. /a/ dependent upon. 5. closed (road/door); /la/ blocked by/with. 6. (man) whom a magic spell has made sexually impotent. — kalmak /a/ to be committed to; to be devoted to; to be faithful to. bağlıbağış (./..) foundation, trust. — kurumu (religious/charitable) foundation (created by an endowed trust fund), waqf, wakf. bağlık 1. place abounding in vineyards. 2. (place) abounding in vineyards. — bahçelik
   1. place abounding in cultivated fields and gardens. 2. (place) abounding in cultivated
bağlılaşık
88
baht
    fields and gardens, bağlılaşık phil., math, correlative, reciprocally related.
bağlılaşım phil., math, correlation, bağlılaşma 1. interrelatedness. 2. correlation, bağlılaşmak to be interrelated, bağlılık 1. connection, affiliation. 2. attachment; devotion. 3. statistical correlation. — indeksi coefficient of correlation. — yemini oath of fealty, bağnaz fanatical, bigoted, bağnazlık fanaticism.
bağrıkara (./..) zool. stonechat, Saxicola tor-quata.
bağrış see bağırış. — çağrış see bağırış çağırış.
bağrışmak 1. (for people) to shout/holler/yell/ bellow/bray. 2. (for animals) to make loud noises, bağrışa çağrışa loudly, noisily, with a lot of shouting (said of a group of people). bahadır (.—.) 1. brave. 2. champion, hero. Bahai (.— —) 1. Bahai, an adherent of the Bahai faith. 2. Bahai, of or pertaining to the Bahais or the Bahai faith.
Bahailik (.— —.) the Bahai faith, Bahaism. Bahama (./.) 1. the Bahamas. 2. of the Bahamas. — Adaları the Bahama Islands. Bahamali (./..) 1. (a) Bahamian. 2. Bahamian (person).
bahane (.—.) excuse, pretext, —siyle under the pretext of, under the guise of. — aramak to look for an excuse. — bulmak to find an excuse. — etmek /ı/ to use (s.o./s.t.) as an excuse, make (s.o./s.t.) an excuse, bahaneci (.—..) person who makes excuses, person who finds excuses.
*bahar 1. spring (the season). 2. flowers, blossoms. 3. youth, youthful period of life.
    —  açmak for trees to leaf out and bloom.
    —  i başına vurmak 1. (for an older man) suddenly to start frisking about like a colt; (for an older woman) suddenly to start acting coquettish (said derogatorily). 2. (for s.o.) to dress as if it is summer. — faslı/ mevsimi spring (the season). — nezlesi hay fever. — noktası the vernal equinox.
2bahar (a) spice, baharat, -ti (.—.) spices, baharatçı (.— ..) spice seller, baharatçılık (.—...) being a spice seller; the spice business, baharatlı (.— ..) spiced, spicy, bahariye (.— ..) classical Ott. poet, ode to spring, baharlı spiced, spicy.
bahçe yard, garden. — alanı glade (created by a landscape architect). — kovası watering can. — makası pruning shears. — mimarı landscape architect; landscape gardener. — mimarisi/mimarlığı landscape architecture; landscape gardening. — sofası see bahçe alanı.
bahçeci 1. landscape architect; landscape gar-
   dener. 2. nurseryman, bahçecik small yard, small garden, bahçecilik 1. landscape architecture; landscape gardening. 2. being a nurseryman; the nursery business, bahçekekiği, -ni (./...) bot. garden thyme, Thymus vulgaris. bahçekent, -ti (./.) garden city, bahçekızılkuyruğu, -nu (./.....) zool. European redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus. bahçeli having a garden or gardens, bahçelik 1. place full of gardens. 2. plot for a garden.
bahçeötleğeni, -ni (./....) zool. garden warbler, Sylvia borin. bahçesalyangozu, -nu (..'....) zool. garden snail, Helix hortensis. bahçesiz gardenless. bahçeşehir, -hri (./..) see bahçekent. bahçeteresi, -ni (./...) bot. garden cress, Le-pidium sativum. bahçıvan gardener. — kovası watering can. — tarağı rake, bahçıvanlık gardening, horticulture, bahil (.—) obs. stingy, miserly, mean, baliir, -hri obs. sea, ocean, bahis, -hsi 1. subject, topic. 2. bet, wager. — açmak /dan/ to bring up (a subject). — i geçen the aforementioned, the aforesaid.
   —e girmek /la/ to make a bet, make a wager (with s.o.). — i kapamak to close the subject. — i kaybetmek to lose the bet. — i kazanmak to win one’s bet, win one’s wager. — i müşterek pari-mutuel (a system of betting). — tutmak/tutuşmak /la/ to bet (with), wager (with), bahname (.—.) formerly a piece of obscene/ pornographic writing, bahren (/.) obs. by sea.
Bahreyn (/.) 1. Bahrain, Bahrein. 2. Bahraini, Bahreini, of Bahrain.
Bahreynli (/..) 1. (a) Bahraini, (a) Bahreini.
   2.     Bahraini, Bahreini (person), bahrî (.—) obs. 1. maritime, marine. 2. nautical, naval.
bahri zool. kingfisher, Alcedo atthis. bahriye navy. — çiftetellisi a sprightly folk dance.
bahriyeli sailor in the navy; naval officçr. bahsetmek (/..) /dan/ to talk about, mention, discuss.
bahşetmek (/..) /ı, a/ to give, bestow, grant, bahşiş tip, baksheesh, gratuity. — atm dişine bakılmaz, proverb Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth. — vermek /a/ to tip. baht, -tı 1. luck, fortune, destiny. 2. good fortune, good luck. — imza, colloq. It depends on how lucky you are. — ı açık lucky, —i açılmak /dan/ to have luck (in), —a bağlı mukavele law aleatory contract, —i bağlı olmak see kısmeti bağlı olmak.
   —  işi a matter of luck. — ı kara unlucky.
   —  körlüğü ill fortune, —ma küsmek to be
bahtiyar
   cross with one’s luck, become bitter. — olmayınca başta, ne kuruda biter ne yaşta.
   proverb (Without luck nothing will grow, be the ground dry or be it wet.) If you have no luck, nothing works, bahtiyar lucky, fortunate; happy, bahtiyarlık prosperity, good fortune; happiness.
bahtlı fortunate, lucky.
bahtsız unfortunate, unlucky, ill-starred. — m bağına yağmur, ya taş yağar ya dolu. proverb If a person is unlucky he/she gets stones or hail instead of rain for his/her vineyard, bahtsızlık misfortune, bahusus (—'.•) obs. especially, bak. (abbr. for bakınız) see; cf. (compare), bakabunga (...'.) bot. brooklime, Veronica beccabunga. bakabunka (../.) bot., see bakabunga. bakacak lookout, observation place, bakacik see bakacak.
bakaç 1. cin. viewfinder, finder (of a camera).
   2.    prov. binoculars, field glasses, bakaça (./.) zool. woodcock, becasse, Scolo-
   pax rusticola. bakakalmak (./..) to stand in astonishment/ bewilderment, bakalit, -ti Bakelite.
bakalorya (../.) examination formerly administered to students upon completion of high school.
bakam 1. bot. logwood, Haematoxylon cam-pechianum. 2. dye that fades, bakan minister, secretary, person who heads one of the major departments of a central government: Dışişleri Bakanı the Minister of Foreign Affairs. B—lar Kurulu the Council of Ministers, bakanak prov. dewclaw. bakanlık 1. ministry, the term of office held by a government minister. 2. ministry, governmental department headed by a minister.
   3. ministry, building housing a governmental department headed by a minister.
bakara (./.) playing cards baccarat, bakarkör (./.) 1. blind person whose eyes look normal. 2. inattentive, absentminded.
bakaya (.-------) 1. com. unpaid amount, balance
   due, arrears, arrearage. 2. mil. new conscripts who, because they were not present at their first muster, are charged with desertion. 3. the rest, the remainder (of a group), bakı 1. inspection; care, treatment. 2. geog. exposure. 3. fortune (telling), bakıcı 1. companion, person employed to look after someone; baby-sitter, sitter. 2. fortune-teller. 3. person who looks at the merchandise on display but does not buy anything.
bakıcılık 1. being a companion; being a baby -sitter; baby-sitting. 2. being a fortune -teller; fortune-telling. 3. being someone
89                                              bakir
        who looks at merchandise on display but does not buy it. bakılmak /a/ 1. impersonal passive to look at; to gaze at. 2. (for a child/a sick person/a thing) to be looked after, be cared for: Çocuğa iyi bakıldı. The child was well cared for. 3. (for s.t.) to be attended to, be tended to, be seen to: O işe bakıldı. That task’s been seen to. 4. impersonal passive to pay attention to, heed, listen to. bakım 1. care, attention, upkeep. 2. viewpoint, point of view. 3. glance, look, bakımcı 1. person who takes care of someone. 2. caretaker; maintenance person, janitor. 3. sports trainer, bakımevi, -ni (./..) 1. dispensary, clinic. 2. convalescent home, nursing home, bakımından from the point of view (of), bakımlı well-cared for, well-kept, bakımlık film/slide viewer, bakımsız neglected, unkempt, disorderly, bakımsızlık neglect, lack of good care, bakimyurdu, -nu (./..) asylum for the destitute.
     bakmak clinic, policlinic, bakıncak the back sight of a gun. bakındı (/..) prov. 1. Now look here! 2. /a/ Will you just look at .../Just look at ...: Bakındı adamın yaptığına! Just look at what the man’s done! bakınmak 1. to look around, look about, gaze about, look in several directions (often used with etrafına). 2: /a/ prov. to be examined by (a medical doctor, a midwife, etc.). bakır 1. copper. 2. copper, of copper. 3. copper coin. 4. copper kitchen utensils. B-— Çağı the Copper Age, the Aenolithic Age. — çalmak (— çalığı olmak) (for food) to be contaminated with verdigris. —• kaplama copper-plated. — kin a shade of gray (horse).
        —      klorür chem. copper chloride. — oksidi chem. copper oxide. — pası verdigris. — rengi 1. copper red. 2. copper-red. — sülfat chem. copper sulfate. — tuzu commercial copper sulfate, bakırcı coppersmith, bakırcılık coppersmithing. bakirhane (..— .) workplace of a coppersmith, bakırlaşmak to turn the color of copper, turn copper.
     bakırtaşı, -ni (./..) malachite (ore), bakış glance, look; view. — açısı point of view, bakışık see bakışımlı, bakışıksız see bakışımsız, bakışım symmetry, bakışımlı symmetric, symmetrical, bakışımsız asymmetric, asymmetrical, bakışımsızlık asymmetry, bakışmak to look at one another, baki (— —) 1. enduring, permanent, everlasting. 2. remaining. — kalmak to be left; to survive, bakir (—.) virginal, untouched
bakire
90
bakterigiller
bakire (—..) virgin, maiden, bakirelik (—...) virginity, bakiye remainder, remnant, residue; arrears (of a debt), balance. —i matlup obs. credit balance.
bakkal 1. grocer, groceryman. 2. grocery store, grocery, —a bırakma! Don’t put it off! (said punningly to s.o. whose reply to a proposal is. a noncommittal “Bakalım!”). — çakkal grocers and the like. — defteri (gibi) messily kept (register of accounts); (notebook) that is anything but neat. — dükkânı grocery store, grocery. — kâğıdı thick and coarse paper. — tavanı ceiling with the beams in ' the open.
bakkaliye (.— ..) 1. grocery store, grocery. 2. groceries.
bakkallık being a grocer; the grocery business, bakkam see bakam.
bakla 1. bot. broad bean, horsebean, Viciafaba.
   2.  broad bean, horsebean (the edible fruit of the horsebean plant). 3. link (in a chain).
   —yı ağzından çıkarmak colloq. to put aside all considerations and speak out. — dökmek to throw beans (for fortune-telling). — falı fortune-telling by throwing beans. — kadar colloq. (flea, louse, etc.) that’s as big as a horsebean.
baklaçiçeği, -ni (./...) dirty yellowish white, baklagiller bot. leguminous plants, legumes, Leguminosae. baklakin, -m (./..) dappled gray (horse), baklalık field of broad beans; bed of broad beans.
baklamsı bean-shaped. — meyve bot. pod, bean pod, seed pod. baklan zool. 1. ruddy sheldrake, Casarca fer-ruginea. 2. great bustard, Otis tarda. baklava sweet pastry generally cut into diamond-shaped pieces, baklava, baklawa. — açmak to roll out the dough for baklava.
   —      biçimi/dilimi diamond-shaped, rhombus -shaped, (yanında) — börek colloq. very easy (in comparison with), a piece of cake (in comparison with), baklavacı maker/seller of baklava, baklavacılık making/selling baklava, baklavalık (s.t.) which is suitable for making baklava.
bakliyat, -tı 1. pulse, pulses; dried beans. 2. bot. leguminous plants, legumes, Leguminosae.
                                                                       bakliye obs., bot. leguminous plants, legumes, Leguminosae. bakmak /a/ 1. to look at; to gaze at; to look; to gaze. 2. (for a place/a building) to face, overlook, look out on, or have a view of.
   3.  to look after, take care of (a child/a sick person/â thing). 4. to look to, depend upon (s.o.) (for nurture and material support). 5. to look (s.o./s.t.) over, have a look at, take a look at, examine, check, check out; to test, try. 6. to attend to, tend to, see to,
   mind. 7. (for one color) to verge on, shade into (another). 8. to pay attention to, heed, listen to. 9. (for s.t.) to require (a specified amount of time, money, etc.). 10. (for a project) to require, take (a specified thing) (if it is to be realized). 11. to go and see where (s.o.) is, go and find (s.o.). Bak! 1. See!: Bak, tam söylediğim gibi oldu! See! It’s happened just as I said it would. 2. /a/ Will you just look at ...?/Just look at ...!/Do you see ...?/Get a load of ...! (used to show amazement!anger I disapproval): Bacaklara bak! Get a load of those legs! Bak bak! Just look!/Just listen! (used to show amazement): Bak bak, neler söylüyor! Can you believe he’s saying this? Bakalım!/ Bakayım! 1. I don’t know if .../I wonder if ... (emphasizes a doubt): Bakalım bu iş olacak mi? Is this really going to happen? 2. Come on and .../Now ... (used with an encouraging imperative): Anlat bakalım! Now tell me about it! 3. Well you’d better ...! (used with a threatening imperative): Anlat bakalım! Well, you’d just better explain it! 4. Let’s see ... (used to indicate a desire to know, a curiosity): Gelir mi bakalım? Let’s see if she comes. Bakan göze yasak olmaz, proverb (You can’t keep a person from looking.) A cat can look at a king, bakarak /a/ compared to/with, by comparison with, in comparison with: Ona bakarak sen dahîsin. You’re a genius compared to him. bakarsın It might happen that ...: Kendisine sor, bakarsın kabul eder. Ask him; he just might go along with it. Onu sakla, bakarsın lazım olur. Keep it; it just might come in handy. Sakalını tıraş et, bakarsın bugün müdür gelir. Shave; the principal just might come around today. Bakarsan bağ olur, bakmazsan dağ olur, proverb If you take care of it, it will be a vineyard; if you neglect it, it will be wasteland, baktıkça bakacağı gelmek to become more interested the more one looks at (s.o./s.t.). Baktım ki .... If I see that .../If I understand that .../If ...: Kendisiyle konuşurum. Baktım ki kızıyor, hemen çekip giderim. I’ll talk with him. If he gets angry, I’ll leave straightaway. Bakar mısmız?/Bakar mısın? Come here, please, (usually used to get the attention of a waiter/a waitress! a salesclerk). Bakmakla usta olunsa, köpekler/kediler kasap olurdu, proverb If you could get to be a professional by watching, dogs/cats would be butchers.
bakraç 1. copper bucket. 2. plunger (of a pump). — dili valve in the plunger (of a pump).
bakteri bacterium.
bakteridi the anthrax bacillus, Bacillus an-thracis.
bakterigiller bot. Bacteriaceae.
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bakteriler bacteria.
bakterisit 1. bactericide. 2. bactericidal, destroying bacteria, bakteriyolog bacteriologist, bakteriyoloji bacteriology, baktırmak 1. /ı, a/ to cause/allow (s.o.) to look at (s.o./s.t.). 2. /i, a/ to cause (others) to look at (o.s.), make a spectacle of (o.s.). 3. /i, dan/ to have/let (s.o.) to look out (a window, etc.). 4. /i, a/ to have/let (s.o.) look after (a child/a sick person/a thing).
   5.  /i, a/ to make (one person) look to (another) (for nurture and material support).
   6.  /i, a/ to have/let (one person) examine (another person, s:t.). 7. /i, a/ to have/let (one person) see to (another person, s.t.).
bal 1. honey. 2. exudate, exudation (which drips from tree wounds or from the skins of ripe figs). — ağzı virgin honey. — alacak çiçeği bulmak/bilmek to find the person from whom to profit. — bal demekle ağız tatlanmaz, proverb (The mouth does not become sweet by mentioning honey.) Talking is not enough. — başı the purest honey, —i dibinden, yağı yüzünden, proverb (The best honey sinks to the bottom; the best cooking oil rises to the top.) Some people are superficially attractive and some have hidden strengths and virtues. — dök de yala, colloq. (Pour out honey and lick it.) The place is immaculate. — ekstraktörü honey extractor. — gibi 1. like honey, very sweet. 2. very well, without a hitch, easily, smoothly. — olan yerde sinek de olur. proverb (Where there is honey there are flies.) Where there is generosity there will be people to take advantage of it. — ı parmağı uzun (olan) yemez, kısmetlisi yer. proverb It’s not the person with long fingers who gets the honey; it’s the one who is lucky. — rengi see balrengi. — sağmak to take honey (from the hive). — süzme makinesi honey extractor. — tutan parmağını yalar, proverb (He/She who touches honey licks his/her finger.) Anyone who has something to do with a big deal will get some profit out of it for himself/herself, bala prov. child, baby.
bâlâ (-------) obs. 1. high, exalted, elevated. 2.
   tall. 3. the upper portion (of s.t.); crown, summit. 4. height, stature, —da bahsi geçen
   1.     (s.o./s.t.) who/which is/was mentioned above, aforementioned. 2. the person mentioned above; that which is/was mentioned above; the aforementioned, balaban prov. 1. huge, husky (person). 2. tame bear.
balabankuşu, -nu (../..) zool. bittern, Botaurus. balabanlaşmak prov. (for a person) to become huge, balad ballad.
balak prov. 1. young animal, cub. 2. buffalo calf.
balalayka (../.) balalaika, balama the caricaturized Greek or European in the old popular theater, balans balance. — ayarı wheel balance, bâlâpervaz (— —..) öbs. 1. high-flying. 2.
    pompous; pretentious, inflated; bombastic, balar obs. beam, joist.
balansı, -ni (/...) zool. honeybee, Apis mel-lifera.
balast, -ti 1. naut. ballast (in a ship). 2. rail. ballast. — gemi naut. empty ship, ship whose hold has been emptied of cargo, balata (./.) auto, brake lining. — lı levha clutch -plate, clutch-disk. balayı, -ni (/..) honeymoon, balcı 1. seller of honey. 2. beekeeper. — kızı daha tatlı, proverb (The beekeeper’s daughter is sweeter.) People prefer things that look good. — nm var bal tası, oduncunun var baltası, proverb (The beekeeper has his jug for honey and the woodcutter has his ax.) There are special tools for every kind of work.
balcılık 1. the honey business; being a honey seller. 2. beekeeping; being a beekeeper, balçak prov. guard of a sword hilt, balçık 1. wet clay; potter’s clay; sculptor’s clay.
    2.    silt, alluvium, alluvion; sediment. 3. sticky, difficult. — hurması date that has been so tightly packed as to be squashed flat. — inciri dried fig that has been so tightly packed as to be squashed flat, balçıklamak /i/ to bedaub (s.t.) with wet clay;
    to cover (s.t.) with wet clay, balçıklı 1. covered with wet clay. 2. of the consistency of wet clay, baldahin see baldaken. baldaken baldachin, baldachino. baldakin see baldaken. baldekin see baldaken. baldır 1. calf (of the leg). 2. shank, the part of the leg between the knee and the ankle; shin.
    —     bacak meydanda (a woman who appears in public) with her bare legs showing. — i çıplak roughneck, rowdy, hood. — kemiği anat. tibia; fibula. — patlatan wrestling tactic in which pressure is applied to the adversary’s calf. — siniri anat. tendon of the calf, baldırak prov. 1. the lower part of a trouser leg. 2. legging; gaiter, puttee. 3. the lower end of a baldric, baldıran bot. poison hemlock, Conium macu-latum. — şerbeti colloq. a gain won by sweat and toil, baldıranlık patch of poison hemlock; place in which a lot of poison hemlock grows, baldırgan 1. bot. asafetida plant, Ferula assafoeticla. 2. prov.y bot. poison hemlock, Conium maculatum. baldinkara (../..) bot. maidenhair fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris. baldırsokan (./..) zool. stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans.
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baldız sister-in-law, wife’s sister, baldudaklı (/...) honey-tongued, smooth -tongued. bale ballet.
Balear Balearic, of the Balearics. — Adaları the Balearic Islands, balerin ballerina, balerinlik being a ballerina, balet, -ti (male) ballet dancer, baletlik being a (male) ballet dancer, balgam 1. sputum, expectoration. 2. phlegm (one of the four humors of early physiology). — atmak/birakmak colloq. to drop a malicious hint. — çıkarmak to spit out thick wads of phlegm. — söktürücü 1. (an) expectorant. 2. expectorant, balgamlı 1. covered/smeared with sputum. 2. (s.t.) which has sputum in it. — öksürük wet cough; productive cough, balgamtaşı, -ni (./..) a kind of chalcedony, balgümeci, -ni (/...) embroidery honeycomb pattern.
Balık astrol. Pisces.
balık fish. — ağı fishing net. — ağa girdikten sonra aklı başına gelir, proverb (A fish gets smart after it has gotten into the net.) It is natural but useless to say, “Why didn’t I?” — avı fishing. — avlamak to fish. — baştan kokar, proverb (The fish begins to stink at the head.) Corruption starts at the top. —a çıkmak to go out fishing. — dişi whalebone (used as carving material). — ezmesi anchovy paste. — istifi packed like sardines. — kanadı fin. — kavağa çıkınca when pigs begin to fly (i.e. never). — kılçığı 1. fishbone. 2. herringbone (pattern).
   —   kulağı shell of a maritime snail/mussel.
   —   nefesi spermaceti. — oltası fishing line.
   —   paçası jelly of stewed fish. — pastırması dried/smoked fish. — pazarı fish market.
   —   pilakisi dish of well-spiced cold fish. — pilavı rice stewed with fish. — pulu fish scale. — sepeti creel. — tavası fried fish.
   —   tohumu cocculus indicus seeds used to stupefy fish. — tutkalı isinglass. — tutmak
   1. to fish, angle. 2. slang to have a stroke of luck. — yumurtası 1. fish roe. 2. dried and smoked roe of the gray mullet.
balıkadam (./..) skin diver; frogman, balıkağzı, -ni (./..) prov., bot. snapdragon, Antirrhinum. balikbilim (./..) ichthyology, balikbilimci (./...) ichthyologist, balıkçı 1. fisherman, fisher. 2. fishmonger, fish-man. — bağı naut. fisherman’s bend. — gemisi fishing boat (used on the open sea). — kazağı turtleneck, sweater with a turtleneck. balıkçıl 1. piscivorous. 2. heron, egret, bittern.
   3.     zool. European heron, Ardea cinerea. balıkçılık fishery, fishing, balıkçıllar zool. Ardeae. balıkçın zool. tern, Sterna hirundo. balıketi (./..) (girl/woman) who is neither thin
   nor fat.
baliketinde (./...) see balıketi.
balıkgözü, -nü (./..) eyelet. — objektif phot.
   fish-eye objective, balıkhane (..— .) wholesale fish market, balikkartali, -m (./...) zool. osprey, fish hawk, Pandion haliaetus. balıklama 1. (diving into water) headfirst, headlong. 2. (embarking on s.t.) headlong, balıklava good fishing ground, balıklı 1. (water) which has fish in it. 2. (hands) soiled from handling fish. 3. (s.t.) which is decorated with the design/picture of a fish, balikotu, -nu (./..) bot. fish poison, cocculus indicus, Anamirta cocculus. balıksırtı, -ni (./..) 1. herringbone (pattern/ bond/stitch). 2. cambered (road). 3. camber (of a road), balıkyağı, -m (./..) fish oil; cod-liver oil. baliğ (—.) 1. (an) adolescent, youth who has reached puberty. 2. adolescent, (youth) who has reached puberty. 3. sum, total. — olmak
   1. /a/ (for a sum/a person’s age) to reach, arrive at (a specified figure). 2. to reach puberty.
balina (./.) 1. zool. whale, Balaena. 2. (collar/ corset) stay. — çubuğu/dişi whalebone, baleen.
balinagiller zool. Balaenidae. balinalı (./..) stiffened with whalebone, balistik 1. ballistics. 2. ballistic, balkabağı, -nı (/...) 1. bot. pumpkin, Cucur-bita pepo. 2. colloq. pumpkin head, blockhead, dolt.
Balkan Balkan, Balkanic; pertaining to the Balkan people, Balkan Mountains, or Balkan Peninsula, —lar 1. the Balkan states, the Balkans. 2. the Balkan Mountains, the Balkans. — Dağları the Balkan Mountains.
   —      Yarımadası the Balkan Peninsula, balkan prov. 1. rugged and thickly wooded range of mountains. 2. rugged and thickly wooded mountain.
Balkanlaşma pol. balkanization, becoming balkanized.
Balkanlaşmak pol. to become balkanized. Balkanlaştırma pol. balkanization, balkanizing. Balkanlaştırmak /ı/ pol. to balkanize. Balkanlı 1. (a) Balkanite, person from the Balkans, inhabitant of one of the Balkan states.
   2.     (s.o.) who is from the Balkans, balkanlik prov. (area) which is characterized
   by rugged, thickly wooded mountains. Balkanolog Balkanologist.
Balkanoloji Balkanology.
Balkar 1. (a) Balkar. 2. Balkar, of the Balkars. Balkarca (./.) 1. Balkarian Turkish, Balkar. 2. (speaking/writing) in Balkarian Turkish, in Balkar. 3. Balkarian Turkish, Balkar (speech/writing); spoken in Balkar; written in Balkar.
balkelebeği, -ni (/....) zool. honeycomb moth, bee moth, Galleria.
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balkı prov. 1. good-looking (person). 2. strikingly attractive, eye-catching (thing). 3. pain, ache.
balkımak prov. 1. to shine; to flash. 2. to gripe, get griping pains. 3. (for water) to form circular riffles/ripples, riffle, ripple, balkır prov. 1. shine; radiance; sheen. 2. flash of lightning, balkon 1. balcony. 2. porch, ballamak hi to honey, mix with honey; to spread höney (ön), ballandırmak hi 1. to praise extravagantly, make one’s mouth water (for). 2. slang to give, send^
ballanmak 1. to become covered with honey.
   2. (for fruit) to get ripe and sweet, ballı honeyed; (s.t.) which contains or is made with honey. — börek 1. honeybun. 2-. very delicious thing. 3. very nice, very pleasing.
   —      borekli olmak (for people) to get on very well, be thick, be as thick as thieves, ballıbaba (./..) bot. dead nettle, Lamium. ballıbabagiller (./....) bot. Lamiaceae. ballibasra (./..) zool. fig scale (an insect pest on figs).
ballık 1. honey jar; honey stand; honeypot. 2. grape mildew. 3. extra beehive used to hold a bumper crop of honey. 4. bot. nectary, gland which secretes nectar. 5. prov., bot., see ballıbaba, balmumu, -nu (/..) 1. wax, beeswax. 2. sealing wax. — gibi erimek colloq. to waste away. — macunu wax for hiding defects in furniture. — tekerleği round cake of beeswax. — yapıştırmak /a/ colloq. to mark, notice and remember (words), balmumuçiçeği, -ni (../...) bot. wax plant, Hoy a carnosa. balo (/.) dance; ball.
balon 1. balloon. 2. chem. retort. —■ barajı balloon barrage. — lastik balloon tire. — uçurmak/uçurtmak to fly a trial balloon. — usturmaça naut. round fender, balonbalığı, -m (./...) zool. globefish, puffer, swellfish, Tetraodon spadiceus. baloncu 1. balloon seller. 2. balloon operator; aeronaut.
balonlamak hi naut. to fill (a sail) with wind, balonlufok, -ku (...'.) zool. hooded seal, blad-dernose, Cystophora cristata. balotaj runoff, runoff election, ballotage. baloz low-class cabaret, balözü, -nü (/..) nectar. — bezi bot. nectary, gland which secretes nectar, balözülük (/...) bot. nectary, plant part containing a gland which secretes nectar, balpeteği, -ni (/...) honeycomb, balrengi, -ni (/..) 1. honey, the color honey. 2.
   honey-colored, balsa (/.) see balza. balsam balsam, balm, balsıra prov. honey dew. balta ax; hatchet; battle ax. — değmedik ağaç
   olmaz, proverb (There is no tree that has not been scarred by an ax.) Everybody has had some kind of trouble. — değmemiş/ girmemiş/görmemiş never cut, untouched (forest/hair). — ile yontulmuş unpolished, uncouth, rough, —sı kütükten çıkmak to get out of a difficulty. — olmak lal to pester, harass. —yı taşa vurmak to put one’s foot in it, make a blunder, baltabaş (./.) naut. straight-stemmed (ship), baltaburun (./..) 1. naut. straight-stemmed (ship). 2. hook-nosed, baltacı 1. maker/seller of axes. 2. woodman, woodcutter; axman. 3. fireman equipped with an ax. 4. mil., hist, sapper, baltalama 1. sabotage. 2. cutting/chopping with an ax, axing, baltalamak hi 1. to sabotage, paralyze, frustrate, block, wreck, torpedo. 2. to cut/chop (s.t.) with an ax, ax. baltalayıcı 1. saboteur, sabotager. 2. (s.t.) which sabotages (s.t. else), baltalı 1. furnished with an ax. 2. armed with a halberd. 3. mil., hist, sapper, baltalık 1. forest/wood in which villagers have the right to cut wood. 2. forest from which timber is selectively cut; tree farm; coppice, copse.
Baltik Baltic, of the Baltic. — Denizi the Baltic Sea.
baltikkazi, -m (./..) zool. brant, brant goose, brent, brent goose, Branta. baltimorkuşu, -nu (/....) zool. Baltimore oriole, Baltimore bird, Icterus galbula. balya com. bale. — yapmak hi to bale, bale (s.t.) up.
balyalamak 111 to bale, bale (s.t.) up. balyemez (../) hist, long-range battering gun or its projectile, balyoz sledgehammer. — gibi very heavy (blow with the fist or s.t. else), balyozlamak 111 to pound (s.t.) with a sledgehammer, sledgehammer, balza (/.) 1. bot. balsa, Ochroma pyramidale. 2. balsa, balsa wood. 3. balsa, made of balsa wood. ....
bambaşka (/..) completely different, quite different.
bambu (/.) 1. bamboo. 2. bot. rattan palm, Calamus rotang. 3. bamboo, made of bamboo. 4. rattan, made of rattan, bambul zool. wheat chafer, Anisoplia austriaca. bamteli, -ni (/..) 1. string giving the lowest sound in stringed instruments. 2. the part of the beard on the lower lip. 3. vital point, sore spot. — ne basmak/dokunmak Iml to vex, annoy.
bamya (/.) bot. okra, gumbo, bamia, Hibiscus esculentus. — tarlası slang cemetery, bana to me. — bak! colloq. Look here! — mısın dememek /a/ 1. to think nothing of, not to bat an eye at: Bir günde on dört saat araba sürmeye bana mısın demiyor. He
banağacı
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   thinks nothing of driving fourteen hours in a day. 2. to remain unaffected (by), stand unmoved (by), not to appear affected in the least (by). — dokunmayan yılan bin yaşasın, proverb The snake that doesn’t touch me can live a thousand years for all
    I     care. — göre hava hoş. colloq. I don’t care. — kalırsa as far as I am concerned; if it were up to me. banağacı, -ni (/...) bot. horseradish tree, Moringa oleifera. banal, -li banal, commonplace, banco (/.) see banço. banço banjo, bandaj med. bandage, bandıra (/..) naut. flag, colors, bandıralı (/...) having a flag; sailing under the colors (of).
bandırma 1. a confection of nuts strung and dipped in boiled grape juice. 2. a vat of potash into which grapes are dipped before being dried for raisins, bandırmak /ı, a/ to dip (s.t.) into, dunk (s.t.) in.
bandır ol, -1 ü see bandrol, bando (/.) brass band; marching band; military band.
bandrol, -lü 1. label/seal (which must be affixed to certain products for them to be legally salable). 2. label, identifying label (affixed to a product to identify both the product and its manufacturer), bangaboz slang fool, simpleton, idiot, bangır bangır (..' ..) at the top of one’s voice.
    —  ağlamak to weep aloud. — bağırmak to shout loudly.
bangırdamak to shout loudly.
Bangladeş (/..) 1. Bangladesh. 2. Bangladesh, of Bangladesh.
Bangladeşli (/...) 1. (a) Bangladeshi. 2. Bangladeshi (person).
bani (------) obs. 1. builder, person who builds
    something; person who has something built.
    2.    founder, establisher. 3. (s.o.) given to erecting buildings, banjo (/.) see banço.
bank, -ki bench (a simple seat usually found in gardens,-parks, or waiting rooms), banka (.'.) 1. bank. 2. slang whorehouse, cat-house. — akseptasyonu bank acceptance.
    —  cüzdanı passbook, bankbook. — çeki (certified) bank check. — havalesi bank remittance. — hesabı bank account. — kabul kredisi bank acceptance credit. — memuru bank clerk. — muameleleri banking transactions, banking business. — ca muteber bankable. — sertifikası bank certificate. —■ şubesi branch bank. —ya yatırmak /ı/ to deposit (money) in a bank.
bankacı (/«) 1. banker. 2. bank employee, bankacılık (/...) banking. — faaliyetleri banking activities. — hizmetleri banking transactions. — hukuku laws of banking.
bankalararasi (/.....) interbank. — para piyasası interbank money market, interbank. — piyasa see bankalararasi para piyasası, banker 1. bank owner. 2. banker. 3. money broker. 4. colloq. very rich person, banket, -ti shoulder, Brit, verge (of a road), bankiz (polar) ice field, banknot, -tu banknote, paper money. — ihracı issue of banknotes, banko (/.) 1. bench. 2. cabinetmaker’s workbench. 3. gambling “Bank!” banliyö (/..) suburb. — treni suburban train, commuter’s train, banmak /ı, a/ to dip (s.t.) into, dunk (s.t.) in. banotu, -nu (/..) bot. henbane, Hyoscyamus niger.
bant 1. tape. 2. band. 3. hairband; headband, —a almak /ı/ to record (s.t.) on tape. — doldurmak to tape, do the recording: Gelecek iki saat bant dolduracağız. We’re going to be taping for the next two hours. — sürücü comp, tape drive, —tan vermek /ı/ to broadcast (a radio program) from a tape recording; to broadcast (a television program) from a video tape, bant-karikatür (/....) comic strip, bantlamak /i/ to tape (s.t.) up, fasten/bind (s.t.) with tape.
banyan bot. banyan, banyan tree, Ficus ben-galensis.
banyo (/.) 1. bathroom, bath. 2. bath, washing
   o.s. in a bathtub. 3. bathtub. 4. soaking all or a part of one’s body in a medium; subjecting one’s body to a medium (usually as a therapeutic measure): çamur banyosu mud bath, buhar banyosu steam bath. 5. soaking a material in wafer or a chemically treated solution: su verme banyosu quenching bath.
   6.    solution used in a therapeutic bath or in a chemical soaking process. — almak to take a bath, bathe, Brit. bath. — etmek hi phot. to put (film, photographic paper) in a bath (while developing it). — kazanı hot-water heater. — küveti/teknesi bathtub. — yapmak to take a bath, bathe, Brit. bath. — yaptırmak /a/ to bathe, give a bath to, Brit. bath, baobap bot. baobab, Adansonia digitata. bap (—) obs. 1. gate, door. 2. chapter. 3. branch, field; class, kind, category. 4. form (of an Arabic verb).
*bar 1. bar, counter from which alcoholic drinks are served. 2. bar, room with a bar from which alcoholic drinks are sold.
2bar a folk dance peculiar to Erzurum.
3bar virgüle, slash, stroke.
4bar prov. 1. tarnish, dirt. 2. fur (on the tongue). 5bar phys. bar.
6bar (—) obs. burden, load. — olmak /a/ to be a burden to (s.o.). baraj 1. dam. 2. mil. barrage. 3. slang the lowest passing grade (in an examination). — ı aşmak to pass (the examination). — ateşi mil. barrage. — ı geçmek see barajı aşmak.
barak
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barut
barak prov. 1. plush. 2. long-haired dog. 3. a big vine that smothers trees, baraka hut; shed.
*baran prov. 1. row of vines in a vineyard. 2. furrow.
2baran (-------) obs. rain.
baratarya (../.) law barratry.
Barbados (./.) 1. Barbados. 2. Barbadian, of Barbados.
Barbadoslu (./..) 1. (a) Barbadian. 2. Barbadian (person), barbakan barbican.
barbar 1. (a) barbarian. 2. barbarous, brutal.
   3.     barbaric, uncivilized, bar bar (/ .) used in: — bağırmak to shout/ yell/holler/bellow/bray at the top of one’s voice/lungs, barbarca (./.) 1. barbarously, brutally. 2. bar-barically. 3. barbarous, brutal. 4. barbaric, uncivilized, barbarizm ling, (a) barbarism, barbarlaşmak 1. to become barbarous, become brutal. 2. to behave barbarously. 3. (for a society) to become barbarous, barbarize, barbarlık 1. barbarism, barbarity, barbarousness, brutality. 2. barbarism; uncivilized act/ behavior.
barbata (./.) mil. 1. battlement, parapet (of a fortification). 2. barbette (for a gun). — sekisi/seğirdimi/seğirdim yeri/seğirdim yolu walk/terrace of a battlement. — sığmcası merlon.
                                    barbekü (/..) (a) barbecue, (a) barbeque, outdoor fireplace in which meat is roasted, barbunya (./.) 1. zool. red mullet, Mullus bar-batus. 2. bot. a small reddish-colored bean.
   —   fasulyesi bot. a small reddish-colored bean.
barbut, -tu barbotte, barbooth, barbudi (a dice game).
barçak prov. guard of a sword hilt, barda cooper’s adze, bardacık a fresh fig.
bardak 1. glass; mug; (plastic/paper) cup. 2. prov. jug, pitcher. — altı coaster (for placing under a glass/a mug), —tan boşanırcasına yağmak to pour, rain cats and dogs, —i taşıran son damla the straw that broke the camel’s back, bardakeriği, -ni (./...) an apricot-shaped large plum.
barem classification and advancement system for the salaries of government employees.
   —   kanunu law regulating the salaries of government employees.
barfiks sports horizontal bar. bargam zool. a fish of the bass family, ban prov. garden wall, fence, barınak 1. shelter. 2. boardinghouse, bannakçı owner of a boardinghouse, barındırmak /ı, da/ to shelter (s.o./s.t.) (in), banmci boarder.
barmma sheltering. — limanı emergency port.
                                                                      barınmak /da/ 1. to take shelter (in). 2. to live (in). 3. to survive (in), barış 1. peace. 2. reconciliation. — görüş olmak to make peace with one another, become reconciled, make up. barışçı 1. peaceable. 2. pacifist, pacifistic. 3.
   conciliatory; peacemaking. 4. (a) pacifist, barışçıl peaceable, barışçılık pacifism.
barışık 1. (people/nations) who/which are at peace with each other, who/which are on good terms with each other; (people/nations) who/which have made peace with each other. 2. compatible, harmonious (things), barışıklık 1. concord; reconciliation. 2. compatibility, harmony (of things), barışlandırma pacification, barışma reconciliation.
barışmak to become reconciled, make peace with one another, reconcile, barışsever peace-loving, peaceable, barıştırıcı 1. conciliatory; peacemaking. 2. conciliator; peacemaker, barıştırmak hi to reconcile, make peace (between/among). bari (■—'.) at least, for once, barid (—.) obs., see barit. barikat, -ti barricade, barisfer geol., see ağırküre.
‘barit (—.) obs. cold.
                                                                      2barit, -ti chem. 1. baryta, barium oxide. 2.
   baryta, barium hydroxide, baritin barite, natural barium sulfate, bariton mus. baritone, bariyer barrier, bariz (—.) clear, obvious, bark, -ki dwelling.
barka (/.) large rowboat, bark, barque.
barkarol, -lü mus. barcarole.
barkod (/.) bar code.
barlam zool. hake, Merluccius vulgaris.
barmen bartender, barman.
barmenlik being a bartender; bartending.
barmeyd (/.) barmaid.
baro (/.) bar, the body of lawyers.
barograf barograph.
barok baroque. — müzik baroque music, barometre (../.) barometer, baron baron (a. title). barones baroness (a title). baronluk barony, baroskop, -pu baroscope, barparalel sports parallel bars, barsam zool. lesser weever, Trachinus vipera. barsama bot. 1. pennyroyal, Mentha pulegium. 2. wild thyme, creeping thyme, Thymus ser-pyllum.
baru (— —) obs., mil. 1. defensive wall. 2. battlement, parapet. — kalkanı merlon.
barudi (.-------) slate-colored, dark gray.
                                                                      barut, -tu gunpowder. — fıçısı 1. powder keg.
   2.  powder keg, place where strife could break out at any moment. — fıçısı gibi
 barutçu
   (place) which is a powder keg, where strife could break out at any moment. — gibi 1. irascible. 2. very hot/pungent/peppery/biting (to the taste). 3. very bitter (in taste). 4. very sour (in taste). — hakkı mil. powder charge. —■ kabağı powder flask. — kesilmek to fly off the handle, go into a rage. — kokusu gelmek (for a battle) to be likely to happen.
    —     olmak 1. to foam with anger/rage. 2. to be very hot/pungent/peppery/biting (to the taste). 3. to be very bitter (in taste). 4. to be very sour (in taste), —la oynamak to play with fire. — veznesi powder flask, barutçu gunpowder maker/seller, baruthane (..—.) gunpowder factory; powder magazine, barutluk powder flask, powder horn, baryum (/.) chem. barium.
*bas flush mechanism of a toilet.
2bas mus. bass. — tutma bass accompaniment, basamak 1. step, stair; round (of a ladder), rung. 2. math, place occupied by a digit within a decimal figure. 3. algebra order. — basamak step by step. — yapmak III to use (s.o./ s.t.) for one’s own advancement, use (s.o.) as a cat’s-paw. basamaklı having steps, stepped, basamaksi steplike; scalariform. — damarlar bot. scalariform vessels, basar obs. 1. vision, eyesight. 2. eye. basank prov. 1. treadle (of a loom). 2. pedal, basari (..—) obs. optical, visual, başarma naut. tipping up with a jack, bas bas (/ .) used in: — bağırmak to shout/ yell/holler/bellow/bray at the top of one’s voice/lungs.
basbayağı (.'...) 1. common, ordinary. 2. altogether, entirely. 3. simply, just, basen 1. the extent of (s.o.’s) hipline: Birsen’in baseni yüz santim. Birsen’s hipline measures one hundred centimeters. 2. the hips (considered as an area of the body). 3. anat. pelvic cavity, pelvis, bası printing, impression, basıcı printer, person who works at a printing press.
basık 1. low (ceiling); having a low ceiling.
   2.  short (in stature), squat, dwarfish. 3. pressed down, compressed.
basıklık 1. lowness. 2. eccentricity (of an ellipse).
basılı 1. pressed, pressed in. 2. printed, basılış printing, impression, basılma 1. being stepped on/printed/raided/suppressed. 2. printing, impression, basılmak 1. to be stepped on. 2. to be printed.
   3.  to be raided. 4. to be suppressed. 5. /a/ impersonal passive to step on.
basım printing, impression, basımcı printer, owner of a printing press, basımcılık the printing business, printing, basımevi, -ni (./..) printing house, press, basm press, newspapers. — ataşesi press at-
                                                                                                               baskı
   tache. — bildirisi press release. — kurumu press association. — özgürlüğü freedom of the press. — sözcüsü press agent. — toplantısı press conference, basınç pressure. — düşüren antihypertensive, basınçölçer (./..) barometer, basıölçer (./..) manometer, basira (—..) obs. 1. vision, eyesight. 2. eye. basırganmak prov. to have a nightmare, basil bacillus.
basiret, -ti (.—.) foresight. —i bağlanmak to
   be unable to see the consequences that lie ahead, become bereft of foresight (in a specified instance), basiretkâr (.— .—) obs., see basiretli, basiretli (.— ..) foresighted, foresightful, basiretsiz (.—..) (s.o.) who lacks foresight, fore-sightless.
basiretsizlik (.—...) lack of foresight, basit, -ti 1. simple, not difficult; easy to do/understand. 2. simple, unadorned. 3. ill-bred, (s.o.) who’s never been taught any manners.
   4.  ordinary, run-of-the-mill, average. — ayin Christ, low mass. — cisim chem. uncombined element, simple element. — cümle gram, simple sentence. — çiçek bot. single flower (as opposed to a double flower). — denklem math, simple equation, linear equation. — faiz com. simple interest. — kelime ling. simplex, simple word. — kesir math. simple fraction. — meyve bot. simple fruit.
   —   rakkas phys. simple pendulum. — yaprak bot. simple leaf. — zaman gram, simple tense.
basitleşmek 1. to become simple, become easy to do/understand. 2. to become less decorated/showy. 3. to become ordinary, become average.
basitleştirmek 111 1. to make (s.t.) simple, simplify, make (s.t.) easier to do/understand. 2. to make (s.t.) less decorated/showy. 3. to cause (s.o./s.t.) to descend to the level of the run-of-the-mill, basitlik 1. simplicity, easiness. 2. simplicity, unadornedness. 3. lack of manners, being ill -bred.
Bask, -kı 1. (a) Basque. 2. Basque, of the Basques.
Baskça (/.) 1. Basque, the Basque language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Basque, Basque. 3. Basque (speech/writing); spoken in Basque; written in Basque, basket, -ti 1. basket, the score made by putting the ball through the basket. 2. colloq. basketball. — yapmak to score a basket, basketbol, -lu/-lü (./.) basketball, basketbolcu (..'..) basketball player, basketeer. basketbolcü (./..) see basketbolcu. basketçi basketball player, basketeer. baskı 1. press, baling press. 2. constraint, restraint, pressure. 3. printing; edition; number of copies printed. 4. stamp (for printing fabrics). 5. hem. 6. lever (of a press). — daki
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   altından askıdaki salkım yeğdir, proverb (A bunch of grapes on the vine is better than gold in a safe.) An inexpensive but oft-used thing is better than something expensive but little-used. — altında olmak to be under constraint/pressure. — altında tutmak hi to keep (s.o.) under (one’s) thumb.
   —   grubu pressure group. — kalıbı die for embossing or printing a book cover. — kalitesi print quality. — kolu pump handle. — kuyruğu comp, print queue. — makinesi stamping press. — sayısı printing, number of copies printed. — yapmak /a/ 1. to put pressure on. 2. to use force (with). 3. to oppress. — yoğunluğu comp, print density.
   —   yönetimi despotism.
baskıcı 1. stamper of fabrics. 2. pressuring; repressive: baskıcı rejim repressive regime, baskılık paperweight.
                                                                      baskın 1. unexpected attack, raid. 2. colloq. unexpected visit. 3. /dan/ more powerful (than).
   4.  overpowering, superior. 5. heavy, oppressive. 6. pressed down. 7. biol. dominant. — basanındır, proverb Victory goes to the one who attacks unexpectedly. — çıkmak /dan/ to get the upper hand (over), be superior (to).
   —   gelmek 1. to be heavy. 2. to seem irresistible. — renk dominant color/hue. —a uğramak 1. to be raided. 2. to be caught red -handed. 3. to be flooded. — vermek to be raided, be caught red-handed. — yapmak /a/ to make a surprise attack (on), swoop down on.
baskıncı attacker; assailant; raider, baskısız undisciplined, uncontrolled. — büyümek to grow up without discipline/control.
   —   yongayı yel alır, yel almazsa el alır. proverb (A weightless chip is wafted away by the wind; if not by the wind, by people.)
   A child not kept under control is easily led astray.
basklarnet, -ti (/..) mus. bass clarinet.
baskül weighing machine, scales.
basma 1. /a/ stepping on/in, treading on. 2.
   /i, a/ pressing (s.t.) on. 3. print, printed cloth fabric. 4. raid; bust (by the police). 5. /i/ printing (cloth/books). 6. printed matter. 7. a card game. 8. prov. dung; dried cow dung.
   9. made of printed cloth, print. 10. printed (book, etc.). — kalıbı 1. print, cliche. 2. mold, block (for printing fabric), basmacı 1. manufacturer/seller of printed cloth.
   2.     printer, person whose job is to print designs on cloth, basmacılık making/selling printed cloth, basmahane (..— .) printworks, factory where cloth is printed, basmak 1. /a/ to step on/in, tread on; /i, a/ to set (one’s foot) on, put (one’s foot) on (a place): Ayağını o ipek halıya basma! Don’t you set foot on that silk rug! 2. /i, a/ to press (one’s finger, a seal, a mold, a wood block, etc.) on; /a/ to press: Zile bas! Ring the
                                                                                                    bastırmak
   doorbell! 3. /i, a/ to pack (s.t.) tightly into (a container). 4. /ıI to print (books, etc.); to coin, strike, mint (coins). 5. (for darkness) to fall. 6. ht (for fog) to descend on, cover.
   7.  hi (for s.t. undesirable) to cover (a place): Tarlayı sel bastı. Floodwater has covered the field. Bahçenin her yerini ot bastı. Weeds have taken over the garden. 8. /a/ to become, turn (a specified age): Bugün elliye bastı. He turned fifty today. 9. hi to make an unexpected attack on, raid; (for the police) to bust. 10. /i, a/ to put (air) in (a tire). 11. h! (for a machine) to pump (a liquid) or compress (a gas). 12. hi suddenly to let out (a yell/a curse/a laugh). 13. hi suddenly to deliver (a blow) to, land (a blow) on. 14. hi suddenly to hand in (one’s resignation, a letter of protest). 15. suddenly to feel ...: Feci halde uyku bastı. I feel very sleepy.
   16. hi to be consumed with: Hocayı öfke bastı. The teacher was consumed with rage.
   17. hi to set, put (a hen) on eggs so that she will hatch them. Bas! slang, see Bas git! basıp geçmek hi 1. to pass, overtake, leave (s.o./s.t.) behind. 2. just to pass (s.o.) by, not to stop and visit (s.o.). Bas git! slang Clear out!/Beat it!/Get lost!/Scram! basıp gitmek colloq. to get up and leave, take off. bastığı yeri bilmemek 1. not to know what one is doing, be out of it. 2. to be overjoyed, bastığı yerde ot bitmemek Iml to bring bad luck wherever he/she goes; to blight whatever he/she touches.
basmakalıp (./..) 1. stereotyped. 2. conventional, cliche, basmane (.—.) see basmahane.
Basra (/.) Basra (in Iraq). — Körfezi the Persian Gulf, basso (/.) mus. bass.
bastarda (./.) hist. 1. small war galley. 2. flagship.
bastı a vegetable stew, bastıbacak short legged; bowlegged, bastık prov. grape juice dried in flat sheets, bastırılmak 1. to be printed. 2. to be raided.
   3.    to be suppressed, bastırmak 1. /ı, a/ to have/let (s.o.) step on/in (s.t.). 2. /a, 1/ to have/let (s.o.) print (books, etc.) or coin (money). 3. /i, a/ to press (one thing) upon (another). 4. Ill to suppress, put down (a rebellion/a disturbance). 5. hi to put out (a big fire). 6. /i, a/ to pack (things) tightly in (a container). 7. /i/ (for s.t.) to relieve (pain, hunger, etc.). 8. /da, ı/ to surpass, outdo (s.o.) in (s.t.). 9. Ill to hem (a piece of cloth). 10. hi to come out with (a reply) at once. 11. (for an unexpected visitor) suddenly to descend, suddenly to show up; hi suddenly to descend upon, suddenly to visit. 12. (for heat/cold/rain/ snow) suddenly to set in or to increase in intensity. 13. hi to set, put (a hen) on eggs so that she will hatch them. 14. hi slang to
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   cough up, fork over (money). Bastır! Go! (said to urge on s.oJa team): Haydi bastır Beşiktaş! Get’em Beşiktaş! Bastır ulan! Get him!
bastika (./.) naut. a hole in a spar, baston walking stick, cane. — francala French bread. — yutmuş gibi as stiff as a poker, basur (—.) path, hemorrhoids, piles. — memesi hemorrhoidal swelling; basurotu, -nu (—-/..) bot. pilewort, lesser celandine, Ranunculus ficaria. basiibadelmevt, -ti (—.—..) obs. resurrection, basya (/.) bot. bassia, madhuca, Madhuca. baş 1. head. 2. leader, chief, head. 3. beginning. 4. basis. 5. top, summit, crest. 6. end, either of-two ends. 7. naut. bow. 8. clove (of garlic); cyme; (plant) bulb. 9. head (of a pin). 10. wrestling first class. 11. agio, exchange premium. 12. head: elli baş sığır fifty steers, fifty head of cattle. 13. main, head, chief, top. 14. (in many idioms) self, oneself. 15. side, near vicinity, presence: sofra başında at the table, ocak başında near the hearth. — ma for each, per, each: saat başına beş milyon lira five million liras an hour, —mda 1. at, near, around: masa başında at the desk, around the table. 2. on his/her hands: Başında üç çocuk Var. He/She has three children on his/her hands./ He/She has to support three children. 3. at every: saat başında at the start of every hour, —mdan 1. from its beginning: başından sonuna kadar from beginning to end. 2. away from: Başımdan git! Go away!/Get out!/Leave me alone! — ta first of all, most of all. —mı acemi berbere teslim eden cebinden pamuğu eksik etmesin, proverb He who entrusts his head to an inexperienced barber must carry cotton in his pocket, —i açık bareheaded. — ı açılmak to go bald, —mı açmak 1. to uncover one’s head (as a gesture initiating prayer! imprecation). 2. Iml to open up (a subject of talk), give an inkling (of). — ağır gerek, kulak sağır, proverb (The head should be weighty and the ear deaf.) A person should be serious and not listen to gossip. — ağrısı
   1. headache. 2. trouble, nuisance. — ağrısı olmak /a/ to be a nuisance (to), cause worry (to), —mı ağrıtmak /ml to give a headache (to); to annoy (s.o.) by talking a lot. —mı alamamak /dan/ 1. to be too busy (with). 2. not to be able to escape (from some trouble). — alıp baş vermek to wage a bitter fight, —mı alıp gitmek to go away, leave, —mm altında under one’s pillow, —mm altından çıkmak /in/ (for a plot) to be hatched out in (s.o.’s) head; to be caused (by). — ı araya gitmek to be caught between disagreeing people. — aşağı upside down, head down, —tan aşağı from top to bottom, from head to foot, from end to end, throughout. — aşağı git-
mek to get worse, —mdan aşağı kaynar sular dökülmek to have a terrible shock, meet with sudden excitement, (işi) — m-dan aşkın overburdened (by work). — atardamarı anat. carotid artery. —ında ateş yanmak to be upset, be troubled, be distressed. —mdan atmak III to get rid (of), —tan ayağa kadar colloq. from head to foot, altogether. — ayak, ayak baş oldu. colloq. The high and the low have changed places, —i bacadan aşmadı ya. colloq. (After all, her head has not reached the chimney yet.) She is still young enough to find a husband. — bağı 1. head band, fillet. 2. naut. bow fast, head fast. — bağlamak 1. to cover or tie up one’s head (with a scarf). 2. (for grain) to form heads. 3. to take up a duty, —mı bağlamak Iml to marry (one) to another. —ı bağlı 1. fastened by the head; attached. 2. married.
—  başa tete-â-tete, face to face, —tan başa from end to end, entirely. — başa bağlı, baş da şeriata/yasaya/padişaha. proverb A person in charge of others is bound by the law. — başa kalmak /la/ to stay alone (with). — başa vermek 1. to put our/your/their heads together, consult with each other. 2. to work together, help each other, collaborate. — m başı, başın da başı vardır, proverb (A chief has a boss, and a boss has a boss as well.) Everybody is under obligations, —mda beklemek Iml to stand watch over, watch carefully. — belası nuisance, troublesome person/thing. — ma bela getirmek Iml to saddle (s.o./o.s.) with a big problem. — ı belaya girmek to get into trouble. — ı belada olmak to be in trouble. —ma bela sarmak Iml see başına bela getirmek, —mı belaya sokmak/uğratmak Iml to get (s.o./o.s.) into trouble, —imla beraber with great pleasure, gladly. — bezi head scarf. — bilmez unbroken (horse).
—ma bir hal gelmek to suffer a serious misfortune. — ını bir yere bağlamak Iml to find (a person) a good job and save him/ her from idleness, —ma bitmek Iml suddenly to appear, suddenly to show up (said of a pestiferous person). — bostanda bitmez. proverb (Heads do not grow in vegetable gardens.) One does not take unnecessary chances with one’s life, —mı boş bırakmak Iml 1. to leave alone, leave untended. 2. to leave without supervision. — boy best quality. — bulmak to pay, leave a profit, —mda bulunmak Iml to be in charge of. — ta bulunmak to be in charge.
—  ma buyruk independent. —ı bütün married (person), —mdan büyük işlere girişmek/karışmak to undertake things that are beyond one’s powers, bite off more than one can chew. — ma çadır yıkmak Iml to bring catastrophe on (s.o.). — ı-na çal! colloq. h! (Hit your head on it!)
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Here it is. May it do you no good. — çanağı prov. dome of the skull, skull. —uim çaresine baikmak to take care of one’s own affairs o.s., not to leave things to others.
—i çatlamak to have a splitting headache.
—ını çatmak to bind a cloth around one’s head and across one’s temples to relieve a headache. — çekmek /a/ to head (a movement/a dance), —mı çelmek Iml naut. to divert (a ship) from her course. — çevirmek /dan/ to turn away (from). — çıbanı scrofulous pustule on the head of a child. — ma çıkarmak III to spoil (s.o.). —tan çıkarmak hi to lead astray, corrupt, seduce, —a çıkmak /la/ 1. to succeed (in), accomplish. 2. to cope (with), handle, master, control. — ı-na çıkmak Iml to plague, become a nuisance (to), —tan çıkmak to get out of control, be led astray, be corrupted. — ma çorap örmek Iml to plot against (s.o.), get (s.o.) into trouble. — ı darda in trouble, in need, hard up. — ı dara düşmek to get into trouble, find o.s. in a difficult situation, —mda değirmen çevirmek Iml to harass, torment. — denizi naut. head-on sea, waves from ahead. — ma dert açmak/çıkarmak Iml to saddle (s.o./o.s.) with a problem, —mm derdine düşmek to have enough trouble of one’s own. — ma dert etmek hi to let (s.t./s.o.) worry (one), lose sleep over (s.t./s.o.). — ını derde sokmak/uğratmak Iml to get (s.o./o.s.) into trouble. — ma devlet kuşu konmak to have a stroke of luck, —mı dik tutmak to hold one’s head high, —mm dikine gitmek to insist on doing it one’s own way, refuse all advice. — ma dikmek h, ml to assign (a person) to protect. (s.o./s.t.). — dille tartılır, proverb A person’s intelligence is weighed by what he/she says. —ı dinç without trouble, at ease, peaceful, —mı dinlemek to rest. — ı-na dolamak h, ml to burden/saddle (s.o.) with (s.t./s.o. unpleasant). — döndürücü 1. astounding, amazing. 2. stupefying. — ı dönmek to feel dizzy. — dönmesi dizziness, giddiness, vertigo, —mı dövmek to pound one’s head in despair. —ı dumanlı 1. dazed; drunk. 2. crazed with love, —mda durmak Iml see başında beklemek. — edememek /la/ not to be able to cope (with). — eğmek
1. to bow one’s head, incline one’s head forward (as a sign of respect). 2. /a/ to submit (to), yield (to). —ma/—mda ekşimek Iml to be a burden (to), be a permanent and unwelcome nuisance. — eldeyken while still living, —mm etini yemek Iml to nag (at), bother with insistent demands, —mı ezmek Iml to crush. — ma geçirmek /ı, ml 1. to put on (a hat/a head covering). 2. to crown (s.o.) with (s.t.); to pull (a place) down on (s.o.’s) head (said in anger), —a geçmek to take control, take charge; to come to power.
—ma geçmek Iml 1. to become the head of
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(an organization). 2. to go up to (a machine/ an instrument) (with an intent to use it). 3. to go to the front of (a line, a row, etc.). —mdan geçmek /in/ to happen (to), —a gelen çekilir, proverb One has to take what comes. — ma gelen pişmiş tavuğun başına gelmedi. Iml colloq. (Things have happened to him/her that have never happened to a boiled chicken.) Incredible things have happened to him/her/it. — gelmek /a/ to win, overcome. — a/—ma gelmek Iml (for s.t. unpleasant) to happen (to). — ta gelmek to be first (in importance/ excellence), —a gelmeyince bilinmez. proverb A person does not really understand something until he/she has experienced it. — gidince ayak payidar olmaz. proverb When the head is gone the foot is finished too. — ta gitmek to be the first, be the foremost; to be in the lead. —ı göğe değmek/ermek to be overjoyed; to find happiness. — göstermek (for s.t. bad) to appear/crop up/break out. — göz etmek hi to marry (two people) to each other. — göz olmak to marry. — mm gözünün sadakası alms or some other sacrifice made in the hope that it will keep some possible catastrophe from befalling one. —mı gözünü yarmak Iml 1. to give (s.o.) a bad beating, beat the tar out of. 2. to do (s.t.) very ineptly. 3. to murder, butcher (a passage) (owing to faulty diction or mispronunciation). —a güreşmek to try for first place, try to win first place; to aim for the top.
—ma hasır yakmak to complain, be in despair. —i havada colloq. snooty, snobbish, —i havalanmak Iml to be distracted by love affairs. — ı hoş olmak /la/ to like, be fond (of), —i için Iml for the sake of (used in imploring), —tan inme very sudden, right out of the blue, —mı istemek Iml to demand that (s.o.) be killed. — ma iş açmak Iml to cause trouble (to). — ma iş çıkarmak Iml to make work/difficulties (for). — ma iş getirmek Iml see başına iş açmak. — ı kabak completely bald, bald-headed. —ma kakmak /i, ml to remind (s.o.) reproachfully (of a kindness done to him/her), rub in (a favor done to s.o.). — ı kalabalık surrounded by other people who want to talk to him/her. — kaldırmak /a/ to rebel (against). — kaldırmamak /dan/ not to take a break from, not to stop (doing s.t.). —mı kaldırmamak/kaldıramamak
1. /dan/ not to take a break from, not to stop (doing s.t.). 2. (for a patient) to be unable to get out of bed, be quite ill. —tan kalma left over from someone else. — m-dan kalsın! (May it still be here when you are gone.) May you die before this is used up. —tan kara etmek 1. naut. to go aground at the bow. 2. to fail completely, come a cropper, —tan kara gitmek to head
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for disaster, be on a collision course. — ma karalar bağlamak to grieve. — kasarası naut. forecastle, —mı kaşımaya eli değmemek (vakti olmamak) to be swamped with work, —mda kavak yelleri esmek Iml to be daydreaming. — ı kazan gibi olmak to have one’s head throb due to noise and confusion. — ım kel mi benim? colloq. (Am I totally bald?) What is wrong with me?/Why am I left out? — kes, yaş kesme. proverb (Cut off a head, but don’t cut down a living tree.) It is as bad to cut down trees as it is to kill people. — kesmek to nod in greeting. — mı kesmek /ml to behead. — kıç vurmak naut. to pitch, —tan kıça haber yok. colloq. (The bow has no news of the stern.) No one knows what the rest are doing. — ma kına yakmak to dye one’s hair with henna. — kırmak to bow. —i kızmak to get furious, blow one’s top. —mı koltuğunun altma almak to do something at the risk of one’s life. — komak see baş koymak, —mdan korkmak to fear for one’s life. — koşmak /a/ to do (s.t.) wholeheartedly, enter heart and soul (into an enterprise). — koymak 1. /a/ to be prepared to risk one’s life (for a cause). 2. to acquiesce, assent. — köşe seat of honor, —mı kurtarmak to save one’s life, —i nâra yanmak to get into trouble because one has tried to help someone else.
—   nereye giderse ayak da oraya gider. proverb (Where the head goes the feet go too.) Children copy adults, —mdan nikâh geçmek to have been married. — okutmak Islamic mysticism to undergo a service of penitence, —mı okutmak Iml to have a prayer recited over (a sick person). — ol da, istersen eşek/soğan başı ol. proverb (Be the head of something even if only a donkey.) Be in charge of something, however humble. — olan boş olmaz, proverb A person with responsibilities has no free time. — omuzluğu naut. bow. — mı ortaya koymak to challenge death, risk one’s life.
—ıyla oynamak to play with one’s life, invite danger. —ı Önünde with downcast eyes, modestly reserved. — ma patlamak Iml 1. (for an undesirable thing) to befall (one). 2. (for work) to fall to one’s lot. —ı pek 1. obstinate, hardheaded. 2. stupid, unintelligent. —m/—iniz sağ olsun. May your life be spared (formula of condolence). —m sağlığı, dünya/dünyanın varlığı, proverb Health is the best wealth. — sallamak /a/ to nod in agreement. — sallamakla kavuk eskimez, proverb (A person doesn’t wear out his turban by nodding in agreement.) It’s good to say yes when you can. — ma sarmak /i, ml to burden/saddle (s.o.) with (s.t.). —tan savma 1. (doing s.t.) perfunctorily/cursorily. 2. perfunctory; cursory, —mdan savmak lif to get rid of (s.o.)
with empty promises, put off. — ı sıkılmak to be in distress; to be in trouble; to be hard up. — ı sıkışmak to have more work than one can handle. — ı sıkıya gelmek to be in trouble. — ma soğuk geçmek to act stupidly, —mdan soğuk su dökülmek to be overwhelmed with a sudden disappointment. —mı sokacak yer a place to lay one’s head. — ı sondalik ling, hysteron proteron. —a sürmek to last to the end.
—  tacı 1. crown. 2. a greatly respected and loved person. — tacı etmek (—ma taç etmek) hi to treat (s.o.) with great respect/ affection. — ı taşa değmek to realize the hardships of life, —mı taştan taşa vurmak to knock one’s head against the wall in repentance, —mı taşa vurmak to repent greatly. — ta/—mda taşımak hi to show respect (to). — ma teller takınmak to be overjoyed, —tan tırnağa from tip to toe.
—ma tokmak olmak Iml to keep (s.o.) under restraint, —mı toplamak (for a woman) to gather up her hair neatly. —ma toprak! (Earth be upon you!) May you be dead and buried! — ma toprak koymak/ saçmak to put earth on one’s head as a sign of mourning, —mda torbası eksik! colloq. What an ass! — tutmak naut. to steer her course. —ı tutmak to have a headache. — tutmamak naut. not to respond to the wheel. — tüyü 1. crest feather. 2. plume. — üstü naut. forecastle deck. — ı üstünde, taşımak/tutmak hi to respect greatly, hold very precious. — ı üstünde yeri olmak Iml to be highly venerated/ loved (by). — üstüne! With pleasure! —mi ütülemek Iml slang 1. to tell (s.o.) off. 2. to nag, pick on. — vergisi poll tax. — vermek
1. (for grain) to come into ear. 2. to appear, come out. 3. /a/ to give one’s life (for).
4. /a/ to give (a horse) his head. 5. fin. to allow a premium on a bond. — vurağı 1. recourse; reference. 2. competent authority; department/office concerned. — vurmak 1. /a/ to have recourse to, turn to; to resort to.
2. /a/ to apply to; to submit an application to. 3. /a/ (for a horned animal) to butt its head against, butt. 4. (for a fish) to strike the bait, snatch at the bait. — ma vurmak
1. Iml to hit (s.o.) on his/her head. 2. (for drink) to go to one’s head; (for fumes) to produce giddiness. — ma vur, ağzından lokmasını al. colloq. (Hit him/her on the head and take away the food from his/her mouth.) He/She is so good-natured that anybody can walk all over him/her. — ini yakmak Iml to get (s.o.) into trouble. — yarılır börk/fes içinde, kol kırılır yen içinde, proverb (One’s head is injured within one’s cap; one’s arm breaks inside one’s sleeve.) Private things should not be made public. — yastığı pillow. — yastığı baş derdini bilmez, proverb (A pillow
 başabaş                                         101
   does not know the worries of the head that rests on it.) A person’s closest friends don’t know his/her real troubles. —i yastık yüzü görmemek not to have a moment’s rest. — yazısı fate, destiny, —mda yazılı olmak to be destined. — yemek main dish, main course, —mı yemek Iml to be the cause of (s.o.’s) death/suffering. —ı yerine gelmek Iml to recover one’s senses; to get rested.
   —ma yıkmak /ı, ml to saddle/burden (s.o.) with, leave (s.o.) to do (s.t.). — yokluğu acephalia, headlessness. — yukarı upstream.
   —     i yukarıda proud, conceited. —ma yular geçirmek Iml to get complete control of (s.o.). —i zapt olunmamak (for a horse) to be out of hand, run away. — ma zindan etmek Iı, ml to make (a place) feel like a prison to (s.o.). başabaş 1. only just enough, with the ends only just meeting. 2. com. at par. —tan aşağı com. below par, at a discount. — çıkmak/gelmek to come out just right, —tan yukarı com. above par, at a premium, başağaç (/..) wood cut to show growth rings, başağırlık (/...) sports heavyweight.
Başak astrol. Virgo.
başak 1. car (of grain), spike. 2. crop missed by the reapers, gleanings. — bağlamak to come into ear. — kılavuzu top kernels in an ear of grain. — tutmak see başak bağlamak, başakçı gleaner.
başaklanmak (for grain) to ear, come into ear. başaklı eared; spiked; (cereal plant) which has come into ear. başaksız earless, spikeless. başaltı, -m (/..) 1. naut. compartment under the forecastle, steerage. 2. greased wrestling second class, başamiral, -li (/...) navy admiral of the highest rank.
başarı accomplishment; success. — belgesi certificate of achievement. — göstermek to succeed, be successful, başarılı successful, başarılmak to be accomplished, başarım success, başarısız unsuccessful, başarısızlık failure, lack of success, başarmak hi to accomplish, achieve, succeed in, bring to a successful conclusion, başasistan (/...) chief intern (in a hospital), başasistanlık (/....) 1. the position of chief intern (in a hospital). 2. being a chief intern (in a hospital), başat, -ti dominant. — karakter biol. dominant character, dominant, başatlık dominance, dominancy. — yasası biol. Mendel’s law of dominance, başbakan (/..) prime minister, premier. — yardımcısı deputy prime minister, başbakanlık (/...) 1. office of prime minister, prime ministry, premiership. 2. the prime
                                                                                                  başkalaşım
    minister’s office (building), başbuğ (/.) formerly an officer of irregular troops.
başçavuş (/..) mil. sergeant major, başçavuşluk (/...) mil. 1. the rank of sergeant major. 2. being a sergeant major, başçı 1. person who sells the heads of sheep/ cattle either raw or cooked. 2. foreman; forewoman; head of a gang of workers, başçık 1. bot. anther. 2. glans, tip of the penis, başdamarı, -ni (/...) anat. carotid artery, başdanışman (/...) chief adviser, başdiyakoz (/...) Christ, archdeacon, başdiyakozluk (/....) Christ. 1. archdeaconry; archidiaconate; archdeaconate. 2. the duties of an archdeacon. 3. archdeaconry, place where an archdeacon has his office, başdizgici (/...) head typesetter, head compositor.
başefendi (/...) obs. head clerk in a government office, başeski (/..) the one with the most seniority, başgardiyan (/...) head guard (in a prison), başgarson (/..) headwaiter. başgedikli (/...) mil. sergeant major; chief warrant officer, başhakem (/..) sports head referee, başhekim (/..) chief of staff (in a hospital), başhemşire (/.—.) head nurse, başheykeli, -ni (/...) bust, head (a sculpture), başıboş 1. unconfined/untethered (animal); (child) who is allowed to roam about by himself/herself, unsupervised. 2. unfettered, untrammeled. 3. aimlessly, at will. — bırakmak III 1. to let (an animal/a child) run loose. 2. to let (s.o.) do as he/she pleases.
    —  kalmak 1. to be left unconfined/unsupervised. 2. to be left to do as one pleases.
başıboşluk 1. lack of control; lack of supervision; lack of government. 2. lack of constraint, lack of restriction, başıbozuk 1. untrained recruit, irregular soldier. 2. civilian. 3. irregular, başıbozukluk 1. being irregular soldier. 2. status as a civilian. 3. lack of discipline; irregularity.
başıkabak completely bald, baldheaded, başimam (/..) Islam chief imam, başimamlık (/...) Islam 1. chief imamate. 2. the duties of a chief imam. 3. place where a chief imam has his office, başka 1. other, another, different. 2. /dan/ except, apart (from), other (than). 3. slang gypsy. — başka \. separately, one by one.
    2. different. — biri another, someone else.
    —  işi yok mu? colloq. Doesn’t he/she have anything better to do?
başkaca 1. (./.) otherwise, further. 2. somewhat different.
başkahraman (/...) lit. hero; heroine; protagonist, başkaları, -ni others.
başkalaşım 1. biol. metamorphosis. 2. geol.
 başkalaşma
   metamorphism. 3. Christ, the Transfiguration.
başkalaşma 1. change, alteration. 2. biol. metamorphosis. 3. Christ, the Transfiguration. 4. vexation, getting out of sorts, getting annoyed; becoming troubled, başkalaşmak 1. to change, alter, become changed, become altered. 2. biol. to metamorphose, undergo metamorphosis, başkaldırı (/...) revolt, rebellion, başkaldırıcı (/....) 1. (a) rebel. 2. rebellious, başkaldırma (/...) revolt, revolting, rebellion, rebelling.
başkalık 1. difference. 2. alteration, change, başkan president; chairman; chairperson; chief, başkanlık presidency; chairmanship. — etmek to preside, başkası, -m another, someone else, başkâtip (/—.) chief secretary, başkâtiplik (/—..) 1. chief secretaryship. 2. place where a chief secretary’s office is located.
başkemer (/..) arch, archivolt. — kaburgası all the archivolts which are found above an arched opening, başkent, -ti (/.) capital (of a country), başkesit, -ti (/..) crosscut.
Başkır (/.) see Başkırt.
Başkırdistan the Bashkir Republic (formerly in the U.S.S.R.).
Başkırt (/.) 1. (a) Bashkir, member of the Bashkir people. 2. Bashkir, of the Bashkir people.
Başkırtça (./.) 1. Bashkir, the Bashkir language.
   2.    (speaking/writing) in Bashkir, Bashkir. 3. Bashkir (speech/writing); spoken in Bashkir; written in Bashkir, başkilise (/...) cathedral, başkişi (/..) lit. protagonist, main character;
   hero; heroine, başkomutan (/...) mil. commander-in-chief, başkomutanlık (/....) mil. supreme military command, başkonakçı (/...) zool. primary host, başkonsolos (/...) consul general, başkonsolosluk (/....) consulate general, başkoşul (/..) main requirement, başkumandan (/...) mil. commander-in-chief, başkumandanlık (/....) mil. supreme military command.
Başkurt (/.) see Başkırt.
Başkurtça (./.) see Başkırtça. başlahana (/...) bot. cabbage, Brassica olera-cea capitata. başlama 1. beginning, start, commencement. 2.
   sole (used to resole a shoe), başlamak 1. to begin, start, commence. 2.
   knitting to cast on. başlangıç 1. beginning, start, commencement.
   2. preface, foreword. — durumuna getirmek hi comp, to initialize. — konumu comp. home. — konumu tuşu comp. home key. — noktası 1. starting point. 2. geom.
 102                                    başmubassır
   origin. — sermayesi initial capital. — valö-rii banking starting date, başlanılmak /a/ impersonal passive to begin, start, commence, başlanmak 1. /a/ impersonal passive to begin, start, commence. 2. (for a plant) to develop a head/a cyme/a bulb, başlantı mus. overture, başlatıcı comp, initiator, başlatmak 1. /ı, a/ to get/allow (s.o.) to begin (s.t.). 2. Ill colloq. to get (s.o.) started, get (s.o.) going, cause (s.o.) to start rehearsing a long list of complaints, başlayıcı beginner.
başlayış 1. beginning, start, commencement. 2.
   way of beginning. 3. chess opening, başlı headed; having a head/a knob. — cıvata bolt. — değnek knobbed staff, başlıbaşma (./...) see başlı başına, başlı başına (./ ...) all by itself, on its own, in itself, of itself; in his/her own right: Binanın ısıtılması başlı başına bir sorun. The heating of the building is a problem all on its own.
başlıca (/..) principal, chief, main, başlık 1. headgear, (a) covering for the head; headdress. 2. head harness, headgear. 3. arch, capital (of a column). 4. heading, head; letterhead, letter heading; headline; caption; title (of a piece of writing). 5 .comp, header.
   6. headrest. 7. bride-price. S. prov. hub (of a wheel). — atmak /a/ to give (a piece of writing) a title/a headline/a heading. — kıvrımı arch, volute (of an Ionic capital). — koymak /a/ see başlık atmak. — parası bride-price.
   —     sayfası title page. — tablası arch, abacus (of a column), başlıklı 1. (s.o.) who is wearing (a certain kind/ color of) headgear. 2. headed, (a piece of writing) which has a heading/a title/a caption; (a piece of writing) with a heading/a title/a caption which reads ..., titled ..., headed ..., entitled ..., captioned ...: 4<Reza-let!” başlıklı bir makale an article entitled “Scandal!”
başlıksız 1. bareheaded. 2. unheaded (piece of writing), başmak shoe.
başmakale (/.— .) main editorial, leading article.
başmakçı 1. person in charge of shoes that are taken off at the door of a mosque. 2. shoemaker.
başmaklık 1. hist, fief conferred on the royal women of the sultan’s family. 2. rack for shoes (at a mosque), başmal (/.) prov., fin. capital, başman zool. primate.
başmelek (/..) archangel, an angel of the highest rank.
başmisafir (/.—.) guest of honor, başmubassır (/...) obs. head proctor, head monitor (in a school).
başmuharrir                                       103
başmuharrir (/...) obs. editor, editorial writer,
   Brit, leader writer, başmurakıp (/.— .) obs., com. chief auditor, başmüdür (/..) chief executive officer, CEO;
   director general, başmüdürlük (/...) 1. the position/duties of a chief executive officer; the position/duties of a director general, director generalship.
   2. place where a chief executive officer or director general has his/her office; CEO’s office; director general’s office.
başmüfettiş (/...) chief inspector, başmüfettişlik (/....) chief inspectorate, başoyuncu (/...) star, featured actor/actress, the lead.
başöğretmen (/...) (school) principal, başörtü, -yü (/..) see başörtüsü, başörtülü (/...) wearing a head scarf, başörtüsü, -nü (/...) head scarf, başpapaz (/..) Christ. 1. dean. 2. rural dean.
   3.    archpriest, archpresbyter, archipresbyter. başpapazlık (/...) Christ. 1. deanery. 2. rural
   deanery, archpresbyterate, archipresbyterate.
   3. archpresbyterate, archipresbyterate, district under the jurisdiction of an archpriest.
   4.    duties of a dean/a rural dean/an archpriest, başpare (.—.) 1. knob on the mouthpiece of a
   nargileh. 2. the mouthpiece for instruments such as the ney. başparmak (/..) thumb; big toe. — ını bükmek slang to pick pockets, başpehlivan (/...) greased wrestling wrestling champion, başpiskopos (/...) Christ, archbishop, başpiskoposluk (/....) Christ. 1. archbishopric.
   2. the rank/duties of an archbishop. 3. the building where an archbishop’s office is located.
başrol, -lü (/.) lead, leading role, başsağlığı, -m (/...) condolence. — dilemek to express/offer one’s condolences. — mektubu a letter of condolence, başsavcı (/..) attorney general, başsavcılık (/...) 1. attorney generalship. 2. place where an attorney general’s office is located, attorney general’s office, başsayfa (.'..) title page, başsız 1. acephalous, acephalic, headless. 2.
   having no chief, başsızlık 1. acephalia, headlessness. 2. lack of government; anarchy, başşehir (/..) capital (of a country), baştaban (/..) arch, architrave, baştabip (/..) chief of staff (in a hospital), baştan from the beginning, from the start, baştanbaşa (./..) entirely; through and through;
   from first to last, baştanımaz anarchist, baştanımazlık anarchism, baştankara (./..) zool. great titmouse, Parus major.
baştankaragiller (./....) zool. Paridae. başteknisyen (/...) chief technician.
                                                                                                            bataklık
başucu, -nu (/..) 1. head end (of a bed). 2. astr. zenith, —nda at the bedside/near, close to. — lambası a bedside lamp. — noktası astr. zenith. — uzaklığı astr. zenith, angle, zenith distance, başuzman (/..) chief expert, chief specialist, başülke (/..) the mother country (of an empire), başvekâlet, -ti (/.—.) obs., see başbakanlık, başvekil (/..) obs., see başbakan, başvurmak (/..) /a/ 1. to have recourse to, turn to; to resort to. 2. to apply to; to submit an application to: Hangi okullara başvuruyorsun? Which schools are you applying to? başvuru (/..) 1. application, submitting an application. 2. (written) application. 3. having recourse to; resorting to. başvurucu (/...) (an) applicant, başyapıt, -ti (/..) masterpiece, chef d’oeuvre. başyardımcı (/...) chief assistant, başyargıcı (/...) sports chief referee, başyarış (/..) championship, competition held to determine the champion, başyasa (/..) law code, codex, başyaver (/—.) first aide-de-camp, başyazar (/..) 1. editorial writer, Brit, leader writer. 2. editor-in-chief, başyazarlık (/...) 1. the post/duties of an editorial writer; being an editorial writer. 2. the post/duties of an editor-in-chief; being an editor-in-chief, başyazı (/..) editorial, Brit, leader, başyazman (/..) chief secretary, başyazmanlık (/...) 1. chief secretaryship. 2. the place where a chief secretary’s office is located, chief secretary’s office, başyıldız (/..) astr. the primary star (in a double-star system), bat, -ti tool for spreading the end of a lead pipe, bataet, -ti (.—.) obs. slowness, sluggishness.
   —      göstermek to proceed slowly, go slow; to drag one’s feet, be deliberately slow, batak 1. swamp; marsh; bog; fen. 2. swampy; marshy; boggy; fenny. 3. unsalvable, hopeless. —a saplanmak 1. to get o.s. trapped in a blind alley, get o.s. into a situation from which one can not extricate o.s., be up the creek in a big way, get lost in a quagmire. 2. (for a project) to come a cropper, fail.
batakçı fraudulent borrower; swindler, cheat, crook.
batakçıl palustrine, paludal, paludicolous, paludicoline. batakçılık fraudulence.
b^takçulluğu, -nu (./...) zool. snipe, Gallinago gallinago.
batakhane (..—.) 1. gambling den; den of thieves; joint. 2. den of goldbrickers, bunch of loafers.
                                                                      bataklı swampy; marshy, paludous, palustral;
    boggy; fenny, bataklık swamp; marsh; bog; fen. — gazı methane, marsh gas.
bataklıkbaştankarası              104
batmak
bataklıkbaştankarası, -nı (../.....) zool. marsh titmouse, Par us palustris. bataklıkbaykıışu, -nu (../...) zool. short-eared owl, Asio flammeus. bataklıkçulluğu, -nu (../...) zool., see batak-çulluğu.
batakhkketeni, -ni (../...) bot. cotton grass, Eriophorum. bataklıkkırlangıcı, -ni (../....) zool. pratincole, Glareola pratincola. bataklıkserçesi, -ni (../...) zool. Spanish sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis. bataklıksüseni, -ni (../...) bot. yellow iris, yellow water flag, Iris pseudacorus. batar prov. 1. pain, pang. 2. pneumonia, batarya (./.) 1. battery (of cannons). 2. elec. a series of batteries, bateri battery, the percussion section of an orchestra, baterici see baterist.
baterist, -ti percussionist; drummer (in a jazz band).
Batı 1. the West, the Occident. 2. Western, Occidental: Batı ülkeleri Western countries.
   —   Bloku the Western bloc.
batı 1. the west. 2. the West, the Occident. 3. western: batı ufku the western horizon. 4. Western, Occidental. 5. west wind. — karayel naut. west-northwest. — kerte karayel naut. west by north. — kerte lodos naut. west by south. — lodos naut. west-south-west.
Batı Almanya hist. 1. West Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany. 2. West German, of West Germany, batıcı advocate of Western ways, proponent of westernization, westernizer, Occidentalist. batıcılık Westernism, advocacy of Western ways.
batık 1. sunken (ship). 2. submerged. 3. sunken, hollow (eyes). — kredi bad debt, uncollectable account.
Batıkâri (..------) (s.t.) fashioned/done after the
   Western manner, Western-style, European -style.
batıl (—.) 1. false, untrue; baseless, groundless.
   2.  invalid, null, void. 3. futile, vain, useless.
   —   itikat superstition.
Batılı Westerner, Occidental.
batılı 1. westerner, person who comes from the western part of a place. 2. Westerner, Occidental. 3. westernized person. 4. Western, Occidental (person), batılılaşma westernization, becoming westernized, occidentalization. batılılaşmak to become westernized, become occidentalized. batılılaştırmak /ı/ to westernize, occidentalize. batm, -tm 1. abdomen; belly, stomach; womb.
   2.  generation, people born during the same period. 3. offshoot, branch (of a clan/a family), bir —da after one gestation: Bir batında beş çocuk doğurdu. She gave birth
   to quintuplets.
Batmi (—.—) Batinite.
batmi (—.—) obs. inner, hidden, secret, esoteric.
Batıniye (—...) Batinism. batırılmak 1. (for a ship) to be sunk. 2. (for money/wealth) to be lost (owing to mismanagement/dishonesty). 3. to be put into a financial decline; to be bankrupted. 4. /a/ to be dipped/dunked into. 5. /a/ (for a printed object) to be stuck into; (for a sharp instrument, e..g. a hypodermic needle) to be inserted into. 6. to be run down, be denigrated.
batırmak 1. /ı/ to sink (a ship); /i, a/ to cause (s.o./s.t.) to sink into. 2. /i, a/ to dip, dunk (one thing) into (another). 3. /i, a/ to get (s.o./s.t.) covered in. 4. /i/ to dirty, make a mess of (one’s clothes). 5. hi to lose (money/wealth) (owing to mismanagement, another’s dishonesty). 6. hi to cause (s.o./a company) to go into a financial decline; to bankrupt. 7. /i, a/ to stick (a pointed object) into; to insert (a sharp instrument, e.g. a hypodermic, needle) into. 8. /i, a/ to prick (s.t.) with: İğneyi parmağıma batırdım. I pricked my finger with the needle. 9. hi to run (s.o.) down, denigrate. 10. hi to cause (s.t.) to cease to be, destroy, batisal Western.
batış 1. sinking; foundering. 2. setting (of the sun/the moon/stars). 3. decline, decay. 4. financial collapse, bankruptcy. 5, piercing, entry, prick (of a sharp object/instrument), bati (.—) obs. 1. slow, sluggish. 2. lazy, slothful. 3. heavy (food), batik batik, battik, batiskaf bathyscaphe, bathyscaph. batkı bankruptcy.
batkın 1. bankrupt. 2. hollow, deep, batkınlık 1. bankruptcy. 2. hollowness, batma 1. sinking; foundering. 2. setting (of the sun/the moon/stars). 3. decline, decay. 4. financial collapse, bankruptcy. 5. piercing, entry, prick (of a sharp object/instrument), batmak 1. to sink; /a/ to sink into. 2. (for the sun/the moon/stars) to set. 3. to decline, decay, go to ruin, go to the dogs; to come to an end, cease to be. 4. /a/ to get covered in: Toza battik! We’re covered in dust. 5. (for one’s clothes) to get dirty, be a mess. 6. to go into a financial decline; to go bankrupt, go broke. 7. to lose (money/wealth) (owing to mismanagement, another’s dishonesty): Paramın çoğu battı. I lost most of my money. 8. /a/ (for one thing) to pierce/enter/ prick (another): Parmağıma diken battı. I’ve got a thorn in my finger. 9. (for wool, etc.) to scratch, prickle, feel prickly to one’s skin. 10. /a/ to hurt, wound (s.o.’s feelings).
   11. /a/ (for s.t. desirable) to make (s.o.) uncomfortable: Sana rahat batmış. It looks like the good life has gotten to be too much
batman
105
bayırlaşmak
   for you. Battı balık yan gider, colloq. (The fish has sunk and flopped on its side.) Things are such a mess that there is no use trying to do anything, bata çıka (reaching a place, making one’s way) by slogging (through or as if through mud), batman formerly batman (weight varying from
   2     to 8 okas: 2.5-10 kg.), batni (.—) obs., anat. abdominal, ventral, batonsale breadstick.
battal 1. oversize, oversized; big and ungainly; oversized and unwieldy. 2. (s.t.) which is no longer fit to be used; useless. 3. (s.t.) which is no longer in use, disused. 4. (document) which has been voided. 5. (s.t.) which has been put out of service, which has been made unusable. 6. idle; unemployed. 7. documents which are no longer valid. — boy extra -large, oversized: battal boy gömlekler extra-large shirts. — çekmek /a/ to void, cancel (a document). — etmek /ı/ to put (s.t.) out of service, make (s.t.) unusable: Kuyuyu battal ettiler. They sealed up the well. — gemi boat which is difficult to maneuver, boat which doesn’t handle well, battaniye (.—..) blanket, batur brave, valiant; hero, batyal, -li 1. bathyal, bathybial. 2. the ocean layer between two hundred meters and two kilometers deep, bav 1. training a dog for hunting. 2. training a falcon to hunt, falconry, bavcı 1. trainer of hunting dogs, dog trainer.
   2. falcon trainer, falconer.
bavlı 1. trained for hunting. 2. lure used to train a dog/a falcon for hunting, bavlımak /ı/ to train (a dog/a falcon) for hunting, bavul suitcase, trunk.
Bavyera (./.) 1. Bavaria. 2. Bavarian, of Bavaria.
Bavyerali (./..) 1. (a) Bavarian. 2. Bavarian (person).
Bay Mr.
*bay gentleman. — ım sir: Evet bayım! Yes sir! 2bay prov. rich, wealthy, bayağı 1. coarse, vulgar, low. 2. (/..) ordinary, plain, common. 3. (/..) altogether, simply, just plain. — gün weekday. — kaçmak (for words/behavior/dress) to be unsuitable, be out of place, bayağıkesir, -sri (../..) math, common fraction, vulgar fraction, bayağılaşmak to coarsen, become vulgar, bayağılaştırmak /ı/ to coarsen, vulgarize, bayağılık coarseness, vulgarity.
Bayan Miss; Mrs.; Ms. bayan lady.
bayat, -tı 1. stale, not fresh, old. 2. aged (meat).
   3.    slang fuddy-duddy, old fogy, bayatlamak 1. to get stale. 2. (for meat) to become aged.
bayatlatmak /ı/ 1. to make (s.t.) stale, let (s.t.)
   get stale. 2. to age (meat), bayatlık staleness, baygi coma, bay gill comatose.
baygın 1. unconscious (as a result of having fainted). 2. languid, languishing, amorous (look/glance). 3. delicately sweet (fragrance).
   4.    slow and melting (sound). 5. /a/ very fond of, crazy about, nuts about: Biz Aynur’a baygın değiliz a! We aren’t nuts about Aynur. 6. droopy, drooping (plants which need water). — düşmek to feel ready to drop, feel like collapsing (from exhaustion), baygınlaşmak 1. to cast amorous glances. 2. to become listless and droopy-eyed, baygınlık 1. fainting spell, fainting fit, (a) faint, swoon; unconsciousness. 2. feeling of faintness, feeling as if one might faint. 3. listlessness; languor. 4. droopiness (of plants which need water). 5. feeling hungry. 6. languidness, amorousness (of a look/a glance). 7. delicate sweetness, soft sweetness (of a fragrance). 8. slow and melting quality (of a sound). — geçirmek to faint, swoon. — gelmek 1. to find s.o ./s.t. tedious in the extreme. 2. to feel faint, feel on the verge of fainting. — getirmek /a/ 1. to bore (s.o.) to death, fill (s.o.) with boredom. 2. to make (s.o.) feel faint, baygıntı 1. a sickness which makes silkworms unable to spin cocoons. 2. (a silkworm’s) being unable to spin a cocoon (as a result of this disease). 3. feeling faint, feeling as if one might faint. 4. fainting spell, fainting fit, (a) faint, swoon; unconsciousness. — gelmek to feel faint, feel as if one might faint, bayılmak 1. to faint. 2. to feel faint. 3. /a/ colloq. to be thrilled (with), be enraptured (by), like greatly. 4. (for a plant) to droop. 5. hi slang to pay (money), bayıla bayıla colloq. willingly, with great joy. bayıltıcı 1. overpowering, enough to make one faint. 2. narcotic, anesthetic, bayıltmak /ı/ 1. to make (s.o.) faint, knock (s.o.)
   out. 2. to anesthetize, bayındır rich and prosperous, cultivated, developed.
bayındırlaşmak to be developed, be built up. bayındırlaştırmak III 1. to improve, build up.
   2.    to provide public services (for), bayındırlık development, public works. B — Bakanı the Minister of Public Works. B— Bakanlığı the Ministry of Public Works, baymdırma 1. development, improvement. 2.
   the construction of public works, baymdırmak /ı/ 1. to improve, build up. 2. to provide public services (for), bayır 1. slope; slight rise, ascent. 2. hill. — aşağı downhill, bayırkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. wood lark, Lullula arbor ea.
bayırlaşmak (for a road/ground) to rise, get steep.
bayi
106
bebek
bayi, -ii (—.) 1. franchiser, holder of a franchise, person who has the right to sell a company’s product within a certain area.
    2.    seller, vendor, bayilik 1. being the holder of a franchise.
    2.    franchise, the territory in which a franchiser has the right to sell a company’s product. 3. franchiser’s place of business, baykuş zool. owl, Strigiformes. — gibi bringing bad luck. — un kısmeti ayağına gelir. proverb (The share of the owl comes right to its feet.) God feeds all His creatures, baykuşgiller zool. owls, Strigidae. baylan prov. 1. slapdash (art). 2. spoiled (child).
2baylan prov. 1. lazy, indolent, idle. 2. serious -minded, sedate, sober; polite, courteous; well-bred, refined, baypas med. bypass. — ameliyatı bypass surgery.
bayrak flag; standard; colors; ensign; pennant; jack; pennon; banner; streamer. — açmak
    1.    to recruit soldiers for the army. 2. to break out in open revolt. —Ian açmak to begin to rant and rail, begin to vituperate. — altı military service. — ı asmak to display the flag, put out the flag; /a/ to hang the flag from, —i çekmek to raise the flag; naut. to hoist the flag. — değiştirme alanı sports exchange zone (in a relay race). — direği flagstaff, flagpole. — göstermek (for a ship) to show its colors, —i indirmek to lower the flag, haul down the flag; naut. to strike one’s colors. — sopası sports baton (used in a relay race). — töreni flag raising ceremony. — yarışı sports relay race, relay. — ı yarıya indirmek to fly the flag at half-mast, bayraklı beflagged, decorated with a flag or flags; (place) over/from which a flag is flying: Jamaika bayraklı bir gemi a ship flying the Jamaican flag, bayraklik (material) suitable for making flags, bayraktar standard-bearer, bayraktarlık the rank/duties of a standard -bearer; being a standard-bearer. — etmek to be a groundbreaker. —mı yapmak Iml to be in the forefront of, be a leader in (a movement).
bayram religious festival, Bairam; national holiday; festival, festivity. — arifesi the eve of a Bairam. — ayı the month of Shaw-wal (of the Muslim calendar). —dan bayrama rarely, once in a blue moon, on occasion. — değil, seyran1 değil, eniştem beni niye öptü? colloq. (Today’s neither a Bairam nor a feast day, so why has my brother-in -law kissed me?) There must be something behind this. — ertesi right after the Bairam, in the days just after the Bairam. — etmek
    1. to feast, celebrate a holiday. 2. to be overjoyed. — günü 1. a Bairam day. 2. on a Bairam day. — haftasını mangal tahtası anlamak colloq. to misunderstand completely.
    —     havası a holiday spirit. — koçu gibi colloq. gaudy, showy; overdressed. — miz kutlu/mübarek olsun! Have a happy Bairam! — namazı morning service on the first day of a Bairam. —da seyranda only occasionally. — şekeri candy offered to visitors on Bairam days. — tebriki congratulations for a Bairam; greeting card. — topu gun fired on Bairam days. — üstü just before a Bairam. — yapmak see bayram etmek, bayramlaşmak to exchange Bairam greetings, bayramlık 1. fit for a Bairam. 2. Bairam present. 3. one’s holiday best, one’s best clothes, one’s best. — ad ugly nickname given to s.o. to tease him/her. — ağız slang cursing, swearing. — ağzını açmak slang to swear, bayramyeri, -ni (./..) fair grounds, bayrı old; remaining from the past, bayrılık seniority, baysungur zool. a bird of prey, bayt, -ti comp. byte.
baytar vet, veterinarian, Brit, veterinary surgeon.
baytarlık veterinary medicine; being a veterinarian.
baz 1. base, basis. 2. chem. base. 3. geom. base, bazâl chem. basic. — metabolizma basal metabolism, bazalt, -ti geol. basalt, bazan (—.) see bazen, bazen (—.) sometimes, now and then, bazı (—.) 1. some, certain; some of. 2. sometimes. — bazı now and then, from time to time. —Ian/—si some of them, some.
baziçe (------.) obs. toy, plaything.
bazidiyospor bot. basidiospore. bazik chem. basic. — oksitler basic oxides, bazilika (../.) 1. royal palace. 2. basilica, Roman hall of justice. 3. basilica, early Christian/medieval church building, bazit, -ti bot. basidium. bazitli basidial, (fungus) which contains a basidium or basidia. — mantarlar bot. Basidio-mycetes.
bazlama flat bread baked on an iron sheet, bazlamaç see bazlama, bazoka (./.) mil., see bazuka.
bazubend (-------.) obs., see pazıbent.
bazubent (-------.) obs., see pazıbent.
bazuka (./.) mil. bazooka.
Bçvş. (abbr. for Başçavuş) SM (Sergeant Major).
BDT (abbr. for Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu) CIS (the Commonwealth of Independent States [composed of some republics which were formerly a part of the U.S.S.RJ). be 1. Oh, you!/Hey, you! (used vocatively to express reproach). 2. vulg. (used in a terminal position) Hey!: Neredesin be? Hey, where are you? bebe prov. baby, bebecik little baby, little darling, bebek 1. baby. 2. doll. — beklemek to be preg-
bebekçe                                            107
                                                                        nant. — endüstri see bebek sanayi. — gibi
                                                                     beautiful (woman). — sanayi infant industry, bebekçe (..'.) 1. babyish (way of acting, talking, etc.). 2. like a baby, babyishly. 3. baby talk.
    4.    (speaking) in baby talk, baby talk, bebekleşmek to become infantile, behave like a baby.
bebeklik 1. infancy. 2. childishness. — etmek to be childish.
Beberuhi (..— .) name of the dwarf in the Turkish shadow play, beberuhi (..— .) 1. colloq. dwarfish man. 2.
    prov. turkey.
Bee hist., see Beç.
beca (.—) obs. appropriate, suitable, fitting, becayiş (.—.) obs. exchange of positions by mutual consent (between two government officials of equal rank). — etmek (for two officials) to exchange positions by mutual consent, trade places by mutual consent. — olmak for an exchange of offices (between two officials) to take place by mutual consent, becelleşmek 1. to struggle, strive, work hard.
    2.    /la/ to contend with, argue with, beceri 1. talent, skill. 2. sports being in shape, becerikli skillful, capable, resourceful, clever, beceriklilik skill, resourcefulness, cleverness, beceriksiz incompetent.
beceriksizlik incompetence, becermek l\l 1. to accomplish, succeed in doing (s.t.). 2. to ruin; to make a mess of (said sarcastically). 3. slang to do (s.o.) in, kill. 4. slang to *fuck. becertmek 1. /i, a/ to cause/allow (s.o.) to accomplish (s.t.). 2. slang /i, a/ to have (one person) do (another) in, have (one person) kill (another); I\! to have (s.o.) done in, have (s.o.) killed, becet, -ti zool. sparrow, Passer. becit prov. 1. important. 2. necessary. 3. urgent, pressing. 4. difficult.
Beç hist. Vienna (Austria), beçtavuğu, -nu (/...) zool. guinea fowl, guinea, Numida meleagris. bedaat, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. originality, newness, novelty, novel quality. 2. aesthetics. 3. beauty.
bedahet, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. obviousness, evidentness, apparentness, manifestness. 2. the ability to speak extemporaneously, spontaneity.
   3. suddenness; unexpectedness. 4. event which happens suddenly; unexpected occurrence.
bedaheten (.— ..) obs. 1. obviously, evidently, manifestly. 2. extempore, extemporaneously, spontaneously, bedava (.—.) gratis, for nothing, free, —dan/ —sına free, for nothing. — ya for practically nothing. — sirke baldan tatlıdır, proverb Vinegar that costs nothing is sweeter than honey, —dan ucuz a giveaway, bedavacı (.— ..) one who wants to get things for nothing.
                                                                                                               bedevi
bedavacılık (.— ...) sponging, working to get things for nothing, bedbaht, -ti unlucky, unfortunate, unhappy, bedbahtlık unhappiness, bedbin pessimistic, bedbinleşmek to become pessimistic, bedbinlik pessimism.
beddua (..—) curse, malediction, imprecation, —sim almak /in/ to be cursed by (s.o.). — etmek /a/ to curse. — sinmek /a/ to be under a curse, —sı tutmak for s.o.’s curse to take effect, —sma uğramak Iml see bedduasını almak.
bedel 1. /a/ equivalent (of). 2. value, worth; price; cost. 3. /a/ substitute (for); in lieu of, for, in exchange for. 4. sum paid for exemption from military service; formerly military substitute who served for another person. 5. person who makes the pilgrimage to Mecca in the name of another. —i alınmıştır, fin. ‘value received’ (inscribed on checks). — ile ferağ law cession of property in exchange for some benefit. — i tahsil içindir, fin. ‘value to be collected in cash’ (inscribed on checks). — i tamamen ödenmiş aksiyon fin. paid-up share. — i teminat içindir./m. ‘value to stand as a specific guarantee’ (inscribed on checks). — i tesviye edilmiş hisse senedi fin. paid-up share. — tatmak formerly to pay someone to do one’s military service in one’s stead. — vermek to pay the government a fee in lieu of doing one’s military service, bedelci one who has paid to be exempted from his military service, bedelen (./.) in lieu of, in exchange for. bedelli 1. having the value (of). 2. one who has paid to be exempted from his military service.
bedelsiz free, without charge. — ithalat com. importation in which the goods being imported are not paid for with currency earned in the country to which they are being sent, beden 1. body. 2. trunk, principal part. 3. wall (of a castle). — arası space between battlements on a castle wall. — bağı rolling hitch.
    —     cezası corporal punishment. — duvarı main outer wall. — eğitimi physical education. — sağlamlığı physical fitness, bedenen (./.) physically, bedeni (..—) 1. physical, corporal, somatic. 2.
    corporeal, bodily, bedensel 1. physical, corporal, somatic. 2. corporeal, bodily. — özürlü physically handicapped, physically disabled, bedestan (..—) obs., see bedesten, bedesten vaulted and fireproof part of a bazaar where valuable goods are kept.
                                                                       Bedevi (..—) Islam 1. Badawi dervish, Badawi.
    2.    Badawi, pertaining to the Badawis: Bedevi tarikatı the Badawi order of dervishes, bedevi (..—) 1. (a) Bedouin, (a) nomadic Arab.
    2. (a) nomad. 3. Bedouin, pertaining to the Bedouin. 4. nomadic.
Bedevilik
108
beklenti
Bedevilik (..— .) Islam 1. the teachings and practices of the Badawis. 2. being a Badawi.
    3.    the Badawi order of dervishes, bedevilik (..— .) 1. being a Bedouin, being a nomadic Arab; the Bedouin life, Bedouinism.
    2.    being a nomad; nomadism, bedeviyet, -ti obs., see bedevilik, bedhah obs. malevolent, evil-minded, bedihi (.-----) obs. self-evident, obvious, appar-
    ent, manifest, bedii (.— —) °bs. aesthetic, esthetic, bedir, -dri obs. full moon, bedmaye obs. (s.o.) who is bad through and through, bednam (.—) obs. having a bad reputation, bednesil, -sli obs. (s.o.) who comes from bad stock; of illegitimate birth, baseborn. begayet (.—■.) obs. exceedingly, extremely, begonya (./.) bot. begonia, Begonia. begonyagiller (./...) bot. Begoniaceae. begüm begum.
beğence commendatory preface, beğendi cream sauce made largely of pureed eggplant.
beğendili (food) served with a cream sauce made largely of pureed eggplant, beğendirmek /ı, a/ to get (s.o.) to like or approve of. beğeni good taste; discrimination, beğenilmek 1. to be liked; to be approved. 2.
   to be chosen; to be preferred, beğenisizlik lack of taste; lack of discrimination, beğenmek III 1. to like, admire; to approve (of), be pleased (with). 2. to choose; to prefer. Beğenemedin mi? So you don’t approve? Beğen beğendiğini. Choose whichever you like.
beğenmemek hi 1. not to like; not to approve of. 2. to have doubts about, be worried about, not to like. Beğenmeyen küçük kızını vermesin, colloq. (Whoever does not approve need not bestow his youngest daughter.) I don’t expect everybody to like what I have arranged, behemehal (./..) obs. in any case, no matter what happens, for sure, come what may. beher each: Beher gülün fiyatı elli bin lira. Each rose costs fifty thousand liras. — i each one, each: Eğer yüz tane alırsanız, beheri size on bin liraya mal olur. If you buy a hundred, each one will cost you ten thousand liras. — ine for each one, apiece: Beşir Bey beherine otuz bin lira verecek. Beşir Bey will pay thirty thousand liras apiece, behey Hey! (used vocatively to express irritation). — adam! Hey you!
behimi (.-----) obs. bestial, brutish, animal.
                                                                      behimiyet, -ti (.— ..) obs. bestiality, brutishness, animality. behnan obs. cheerful; good-natured, behr obs., used in: — i each one, each: Behri yirmi bin lira. Each one is twenty thousand liras, —ine for each one, apiece: Behrine
    on bin lira verdim. I paid ten thousand liras apiece for them, behre obs. share, lot, portion: Akıldan behresi yok. He doesn’t have a grain of sense, behresiz /dan/ obs. bereft of, lacking in: Terbiyeden behresiz bir çocuk o. He’s a kid who’s lacking in manners, beis, -e’si obs. harm, detriment. — görmemek /da/ to see no harm in (s.t.). — yok. colloq. No harm done!/No problem! bej 1. beige, the color beige. 2. beige, of the color beige.
*bek, -ki (gas) burner.
2bek, -ki soccer (a) back, beka (.—) obs. 1. continuance, continuation; abiding, lasting, remaining. 2. permanence; immortality. — bulmak 1. to continue; to abide, last, remain. 2. to become permanent; to become immortal, bekaça zool., see bekas, bekaçe zool., see bekas, bekaçya (./.) zool., see bekas, bekar mus. the natural sign, natural, bekâr 1. single, unmarried. 2. bachelor. 3. grass widower. — gözü, kör gözü, proverb (The eyes of a bachelor are the eyes of a blind man.) A man looking for a wife is unaware of small faults. — odası cheap room rented to a man or a group of men. — m parasını it yer, yakasını bit. proverb (A bachelor’s money is eaten by dogs, and his collar by lice.) A bachelor’s life is not a happy one. bekâret, -ti (.—.) 1. virginity, being a virgin.
   2.    freshness; purity, bekârlık bachelorhood; celibacy. — maskaralık/maskaralıktır. proverb A bachelor’s life is a lot of foolishness. — sultanlık/sultanlıktır. proverb A bachelor’s life is a king’s life, bekas zool. woodcock, becasse, Scolopax rus-ticola.
bekasin zool. snipe, becassine, Capella gallinago.
bekçi watchman; night-watchman; guard; lookout. — köpeği watchdog. — kulesi watch-tower; fire tower, bekçilik watchman’s duty. — etmek to stand guard.
bekinme prov. insistence, bekinmek prov. to insist, persist, bekleme waiting. — odasi/salonu waiting room.
beklemek 1. hi to wait (for); to expect, look (for). 2. /i, dan/ to expect (from). 3. hi to guard, watch (over), attend. Bekle yârin köşesini. colloq. (Wait till your loved one comes.) Don’t build your hopes too high, beklemesiz express (train), beklenen expected. — değer expected value.
    —     faiz oranı expected rate of interest, beklenmedik (./..) unexpected, beklenmek to be expected, beklenmezlik improbability, unlikelihood, beklenti expectation, something expected; an-
beklerulak
109
belgelendirilmek
   ticipation.
beklerulak (./..) general delivery, Brit, poste restante. bekleşmek to wait together, bekletim impoundment, legal seizure, bekletmek 111 1. to make (s.o.) wait. 2. to delay, postpone, bekleyiş wait, waiting.
beko backhoe (an excavating machine). — kepçe backhoe (an excavating machine), bekri drunkard, bekrilik habitual drunkenness.
Bektaşi (.—.) 1. dervish of the Bektashi order.
   2. belonging to the Bektashi order. — sırrı deep mystery.
bektaşikavuğu, -nu (.—/...) bot. spine cactus, Echinocactus.
Bektaşilik (.— ..) the Bektashi order and its practices.
bektaşitaşı, -ni (.— /..) Oriental alabaster, a variety of calcite. bektaşiüzümü, -nü (.—/...) bot. gooseberry, Ribes grossularia.
»bel 1. waist. 2. loins; the small of the back.
   3. the middle of the back (of an animal).
   4. sperm. 5. col, saddle (between two mountain peaks). 6. the middle (of a ship). — i açılmak to lose control over the evacuation of urine. — ağrısı lumbago. — bağlamak /a/ to rely on, trust, —ini bükmek hnl to knock (s.o.) on his/her knees, cause (s.o.) (emotional/financial) misery. —i bükük unlucky, helpless. —i çökmek to become stooped. — delimi surg. lumbar puncture, —ini doğrultmak to recover. — i gelmek to have a discharge of sperm, —inden gelmek Iml to be the child of. — gevşekliği med. incontinence. — gibi akmak to flow strongly. —ini kırmak Iml to ruin, cripple. — kündesi wrestling tactic in which the opponent is grasped on both sides of the waist, turned by pressure applied to the umbilical region and thrown to the ground. — omuru anat. lumbar vertebra. — vermek (for a wall/ a ceiling) to bulge, sag.
2bel 1. spade. 2. digging fork. — bellemek to spade up some ground.
3bel prov. mark, sign.
bela (.—) calamity, misfortune, evil, trouble.
   —  aramak to look for trouble. — ya bak ki the trouble is that. — yı berzah obs. great calamity. — sını bulmak to get into trouble; to get one’s deserts. —ya çatmak to run into trouble. — smı çekmek Iml to suffer (for some deed). — çekmeyince bal yenmez. proverb Honey doesn’t come without trouble.
   —  çıkarmak to make trouble, cause a row.
   —ya düşmek see belaya çatmak. — geliyorum demez, proverb (Trouble does not say, “I’m coming.”) Misfortune comes without warning. — ya girmek see belaya çatmak, —lar mübareği the last straw. — okumak to curse. — yı satın almak to invite trouble.
   —yı savmak to drive trouble away, escape from trouble. — ya sokmak hi to make trouble for, get (s.o.) into trouble. — ya uğramak see belaya çatmak, belagat, -ti (.—.) 1. eloquence. 2. rhetoric, belagatli (.— ..) eloquent, belalı (.—.) 1. calamitous, troublesome. 2. quarrelsome. 3. colloq. pimp, fancy man. bel bel (/ .) used in: — bakmak to stare in perplexity, belce the region between the eyebrows. Belçika (./.) 1. Belgium. 2. Belgian, of Belgium.
 Belçikalı (./..) 1. (a) Belgian. 2. Belgian (person).
belde 1. town; city; community: tatil beldesi holiday village (community built especially for people on vacation). 2. hamlet, a small village. 3. area, place: Bu beldede yaşayanların hepsi Abhaz. All who live in this area are Abkhazian. Orası bir emekliler beldesi. That’s a retirement community. — devleti city-state. — i tayyibe Medina, beledi (..—•) obs. 1. municipal. 2. med. endemic, (disease) restricted to a particular geographic area; local (ailment/complaint). 3. home -spun cotton cloth, belediye municipality. — başkanı mayor. — dairesi town hall. — reisi see belediye başkanı. — seçimi municipal election. — suçu infraction of a municipal law. belediyeci municipal employee, belediyecilik the business of governing a city, belemek prov. 1. hi to swaddle (a baby). 2. Ill to secure (a baby) in its cradle. 3. /i, a/ to soil (s.o./s.t.) with; to get (s.t.) smeared/ covered with; to smear/cover (s.t.) with. 4. Ill to stir, mix; /i, a/ to stir (s.t.) into, mix (s.t.) into.
belemir bot. bluebottle, Centaurea cyanus. belen prov. mountain pass, belenmek prov. 1. (for a baby) to be swaddled. 2. (for a baby) to be secured in its cradle. 3. /a/ to be soiled with; /a/ to be smeared/covered with. 4. to be stirred, be mixed; /a/ to be stirred into, be mixed into, belermek (for one’s eyes) to open wide, become like saucers, belertmek III to open (one’s eyes) wide, beleş slang gratis, for free, for nothing, —ten slang for free, for nothing. — atm dişine bakılmaz, proverb Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth. — e konmak slang to get something for free. — e yatmak slang to try to get something for nothing, beleşçi slang one who habitually tries to get something for nothing, beige document, certificate. — almak to be expelled from school for repeated failures, belgeci cin. producer of documentary films, belgeleme documentation, belgelemek hi to document, belgelendirilmek see belgelenmek.
belgelendirmek
 110
1belletmek
belgelendirmek Iı/ see belgelemek, belgelenmek to be documented, belgeli dismissed (from school) for repeated failures, belgelik archives.
belgesel 1. documentary, documental. 2. tin. (a) documentary, documentary film. — film tin. documentary film, belgeselci 1. tin. producer of documentary films. 2. (a) documentarian. belgi sign, mark, belgin phil. clear, precise, belginleştirme clarification, belginleştirmek h! to make (s.t.) clear/precise, belginlik clarity, precision, belgisiz indefinite. — adıl gram, indefinite pronoun. — sıfat gram, nonrestrictive adjective, belgit, -ti 1. receipt. 2. documentary evidence, belgitleme documentation.
Belgrad (/.) Belgrade. — Ormanı the Belgrade Forest (near Istanbul), beli (.—) obs. yes. beliğ (.—) obs. eloquent, belik braid, plait (of hair), belinlemek prov. to wake from sleep with sudden fright, start with terror, belirgi syndrome, belirgin clear, evident.
belirginleşmek to become clear, become evident, be clarified, belirginlik clarity.
belirimsizlik indefiniteness, vagueness, belirleme designation, determination, belirlemek III to designate, determine, belirlenim designation, determination, belirlenimci phil. 1. (a) determinist. 2. determinist, deterministic, belirlenimcilik phil. determinism, belirlenmek to become definite, be designated, belirleyici characteristic, diagnostic, belirli designated, determined, definite; specific. — belirsiz dim, indistinct. — geçmiş zaman gram, definite past tense, belirlilik definiteness.
belirme appearing, appearance, becoming visible/distinct, belirmek 1. to appear, become visible. 2. to become definite, belirsiz 1. unknown, uncertain, indefinite, undetermined. 2. imperceptible. — geçmiş zaman gram, reported past tense, belirsizlik indefiniteness, belirteç gram, adverb, belirten modifier, defining word, qualifier, belirti 1. sign; symbol. 2. symptom, belirtibilim (../..) symptomatology, belirtibilimi, -ni (../...) see belirtibilim. belirtik explicit.
belirtilen gram, the noun qualified by an adjective.
belirtili 1. marked with a sign/a symbol. 2. qualified, defined. — nesne gram, qualified noun. — tamlama gram, a pair of nouns
   in a possessive construction, belirtilmek to be made determinate, be completely defined, belirtisel symptomatic.
belirtisiz 1. not marked by a sign/a symbol. 2. unqualified, undefined. — nesne gram. unqualified noun. — tamlama gram, a pair of nouns of which the first bears an adjectival relation to the second, belirtke emblem.
belirtme 1. clarification. 2. clear revelation, clearly revealing. — durumu gram, the accusative case, the accusative, — grubu gram, noun phrase. — sıfatı gram, demonstrative adjective; numeral adjective; interrogative adjective, belirtmek hi 1. to make (s.t.) clear, clarify, make (s.t.) explicit, explain (s.t.) clearly, show (s.t.) clearly. 2. to show (s.t.) clearly, reveal (s.t.) clearly (used in a concrete sense). belit, -ti log. axiom, belitke see belitken, belitken axiomatics. belitsel log. axiomatic.
Belize (./.) 1. Belize. 2. Belize, of Belize. Belizeli (./..) 1. (a) Belizean. 2. Belizean (person).
belkemiği, -ni (/...) 1. anat. spine, backbone. 2. fundamental part, foundation, the backbone (of s.t.). belki (/.) perhaps, maybe. — de it may even be that.
belkili (/..) probable; possible, belladonna (../.) bot. belladonna, deadly nightshade, Atropa belladonna. bellek 1. memory. 2. comp, memory, storage.
   —      atama comp, memory allocation. — dökümü comp, memory dump. — genişletme kartı comp, memory expansion card. — haritası comp, memory map. — kapasitesi comp, memory capacity. — karışıklığı (mental) confusion. — sığası comp., see bellek kapasitesi. — yitimi path, amnesia. — yönetimi comp, memory management, bellem memory, the ability to remember, »belleme learning (s.t.) by heart.
2belleme spading; forking.
3belleme prov. numnah; saddle blanket, »bellemek hi 1. to learn (s.t.) by heart, learn.
   2. to suppose, think.
2bellemek hi to spade, spade up; to fork, bellemsel mnemonic, mnemonical, mnestic. »bellenmek to be learned by heart, be learned. 2bellenmek to be spaded, be spaded up; to be forked.
belleteç mnemonic device, (a) mnemonic, belleten (learned) journal, (scholarly) bulletin, belletici 1. tutor, instructor. 2. mnemonic, mnemonical.
»belletmek 1. /a, 1/ to have (s.o.) learn (s.t.) by heart, have (s.o.) learn (s.t.). 2. to teach (s.o.) (s.t.).
2belletmek
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2belletmek /a, 1/ to have (s.o.) spade (ground); l\l to have (ground) spaded up; /a, if to have (s.o.) fork (ground); hi to have (ground) forked, belli 1. evident, obvious, known, clear; visible. 2. certain, definite. —■ başlı 1. eminent, notable, well-known; main, chief. 2. definite, proper. — belirsiz hardly visible, — etmek hi to show; to be unable to conceal. — olmak 1. to become perceptible. 2. to become definite. — olmaz, colloq. You never can tell ./One never knows, bellik sign, mark, bellilik definiteness; obviousness, bellisiz unknown, uncertain; imperceptible, belsoğukluğu, -nu (/....) path, gonorrhea, belum (.—) obs., anat. gullet; esophagus, bembeyaz (/..) pure white, snow-white, bemol, -lü mus. flat.
»ben 1.1, me. 2. ego. — ağa sen ağa, bu ineği kim sağa? colloq. (I am an Agha, you are an Agha; so who will milk the cow?) There are too many chiefs and not enough Indians.
    —im diyen (one) who thinks he/she can do everything. — ben demek to keep saying I; to be egotistic. — i bilen kurt yesin, proverb (I would rather be eaten by the wolf that knows me.) If I have to suffer I would rather suffer at the hands of a person I know.
    —  hadımım derim, o oğuldan uşaktan nen var der. colloq. (I say I am a eunuch; he/ she asks me how many children I have.) He/ She doesn’t understand the situation. — hancı, sen yolcu iken elbette bir gün gene görüşürüz. colloq. As long as we both have these jobs, we’ll be meeting each other again.
    —  isterim bacımdan, bacım ölür acından. colloq. (I am expecting help from my sister, but my sister herself is starving.) You’re/He’s asking help from the wrong person. — sana hayran, sen cama tırman, colloq. (I am enthralled by you, so climb up to the window.) Love should not be one-sided. — i sokmayan yılan bin yaşasın, proverb (Let the" snake live as long as it doesn’t bite me.) Let sleeping dogs lie. — şahımı bu kadar severim. colloq. (That is as far as my love for my master goes.) Now they’re asking too much, —deki yara elde duvar deliği, colloq. (My wound is to others like a crack in the wall.) No one can really understand what others suffer.
2ben 1. mole; beauty spot. 2. freckle (on a person’s skin). 3. spot, macula (in the eye). 4. dark fleck of color (in the skin of a ripening fruit). — düşmek /a/ 1. to get moles or dark brown freckles on (one’s skin). 2. for a spot to appear in (one’s eye). 3. (for a ripening fruit) to become flecked with dark spots of color.
3ben prov. bait.
benam (.—) obs. 1. /la/ named: Yıldırım ismiyle benam bir adam a man named Yıl-
    dırım. 2. famous, benbenci one who praises himself/herself, bence (/.) according to me, as for me. benci one who talks constantly about himself/ herself.
bencil selfish, egoistic, self-centered. — olmak to be selfish, bencilce (./.) selfishly, egoistically. bencileyin (/...) like me. bencilik 1. egotism. 2. solipsism. — yitimi psych, depersonalization, bencilleşmek to become selfish, bencillik selfishness, egoism, self-centeredness.
    —      etmek to act selfishly, bende obs. slave; servant. — niz/—leri your humble servant (formerly used in polite speech when referring to o.s.; today used either jocularly or sarcastically): Bendeniz saat onda hazır olacak. Your humble servant will be ready at ten o’clock, —niz cennet kuşu joc. your humble servant, bendegân (..—) obs. slaves; servants, bendeğil nonego. bender obs. commercial seaport, bendetmek (/..) /i, a/ to cause (one person) to be attached to (another/o.s.) (by love/gratitude/respect/fear), bind (one person) to (another/o.s.); to make (one person) dependent upon (another/o.s.).
Benediktin (../.) Christ. 1. (a) Benedictine, member of the order of St. Benedict. 2. Benedictine, of the Benedictines, benek 1. small spot; dot; speck; freckle. 2. sunspot. — benek 1. spotted; dotted; speckled; freckled. 2. in little groups, beneklemek hi to spot; to dot; to speckle; to freckle.
beneklenmek to become spotted/dotted/ speckled/freckled. benekli spotted; dotted; speckled; freckled. — ballıbaba bot. spotted dead nettle, Lamium maculatum. — kırlangıçbalığı zool. gray gurnard, Trig la milvus. — köpekbalığı zool. a cat shark, Scyliorhinus canicula. — kumaş dotted cloth, fabric decorated with small dots.
beneklihani (../..) zool. a spotted bass, Para-centropristis hepatus.
»bengi a folk dance.
2bengi eternal.
bengilemek hi to make (s.t.) eternal, bengileşmek to become eternal, bengilik eternity, bengisu (./.) water of life, beniâdem (/— —.) obs. sons of Adam, mankind.
beniçincilik egocentricity. benim my; mine. —le with me. — Arap oynadı. gambler's slang (My Arab has danced.) I am having a spell of good luck. — için for me. — oğlum bina okur (döner döner yine okur), colloq. He’s always studying, but he never seems to master what he studies.
benimki
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beraat
                                                                           benimki, -ni mine, that which belongs to me. benimlemek III to accept, appropriate, adopt, benimseme 1. appropriation. 2. assimilation, making (s.t.) one’s own. benimsemek hi 1. to appropriate; to consider/ treat (s.t.) as if it were one’s own property.
    2.    to make (s.t.) one’s own, assrmilate, absorb, imbibe, benimsenmek 1. to be appropriated; to be considered/treated as if it Vere one’s own. 2. to be made one’s own, be assimilated, be absorbed.
benimsetmek /ı, a/ 1. to get/allow (s.o.) to appropriate (s.t.); to get/allow (s.o.) to consider/treat (s.t.) as his/her own. 2. to get/ allow (s.o.) to make (s.t.) his/her own. Benin 1. the Republic of Benin. 2. of the Republic of Benin, beniz, -nzi color of the face. — i ağarmak prov., see benzi atmak, —i atmak to grow pale. —i geçmek prov., see benzi solmak, —ine kan gelmek for one’s face to regain its color, for one’s face to get a healthy color in it again, —inde kan kalmamak see benzi solmak, —i kül gibi olmak to turn very pale, —i sararmak (—i sararıp solmak) see benzi solmak, —i solmak to grow pale from illness. — i uçmak see benzi atmak, benjuan pharm. benzoin, benjamin, gum benzoin, gum benjamin, benlenmek 1. to develop a mole, get a mole on one’s skin. 2. to become freckled. 3. for a spot to appear in the eye: Sağ gözü ben-lendi. A spot has appeared in his right eye. 4. (for a ripening fruit) to become flecked with dark spots of color, benli 1. (skin) which has a mole on it. 2. freckled (skin). 3. (eye) which has a spot in it. 4. (ripening fruit) which is flecked with dark spots of color. — benek very freckled, freckly. benlik 1. conceit, inordinate self-esteem. 2. egotism. 3. personality, ego. —inden çıkmak to change one’s personality. — davası self -assertion, —ine düşkün conceited. — ikileşmesi psych, splitting of the personality.
    —      yitimi psych, depersonalization, benlikçi (one) who has inordinate self-esteem, conceited, benlikçilik egotism, conceit, benmari 1. water bath, bain-marie. 2. double boiler.
benözekçi egocentric person, benözekçil egocentric, benözekçilik egocentricity.
»bent 1. dam, dike, weir. 2. reservoir.
2bent 1. paragraph, article, item (in a document). 2. newspaper article. 3. stanza in a poem; the single rhyme part of each stanza preceding the recurrent couplet, benzek parody (of a poem), benzemek /a/ to resemble, look like, seem like. Benzeye benzeye yaz, benzeye benzeye kış
   olur, proverb (By imperceptible changes summer comes and then it becomes winter again.) Small changes add up to big differences, benzen chem. benzene.
benzer 1. similar, like, resembling. 2. similar thing. 3. cin. stand-in, double, benzerlik similarity, resemblance, benzersiz unique.
benzeş like one another, mutually similar, benzeşen phon. vowel/consonant affected by assimilation, benzeşik homogeneous, benzeşim 1. close resemblance. 2. geom. similarity.
benzeşlik 1. resemblance. 2. analogy, benzeşme assimilation, benzeşmek to resemble each other, benzeşmezlik phon. dissimilation, benzeştirmek /ı, a/ to assimilate (s.t.) to (s.t. else).
benzet, -ti imitation, benzetçi imitator.
benzeti lit. figure of speech. — ressamı painter who makes copies of great paintings, benzetici simulator. — ressam forger of paintings.
benzetilmek 1. /a/ to be compared with. 2. /a/ to be mistaken for. 3. colloq. to be ruined/ broken/smashed. 4. colloq. to be beaten/ thrashed.
benzetim 1. comparison. 2. lit. figure of speech, benzetiş comparison, benzetlemek hi to imitate, benzetlemeli imitative.
benzetme 1. imitation, act of imitating. 2. lit. figure of speech. — resim copy of a great painting.
benzetmek 1. /ı, a/ to mistake (s.t.) for (s.t. else). 2. /i, a/ to compare (s.t.) with (s.t. else).
   3.    hi colloq. to ruin, break, smash. 4. /i/ colloq. to beat, thrash. — gibi olmasın, colloq. (Let it not be like a comparison.) In making this comparison I don’t want to wish on the one person the troubles that have befallen the other, benzeyiş resemblance.
benzin gasoline, Brit, petrol. — deposu 1. gas tank. 2. filling station, gas station. — göstergesi fuel gauge. — istasyonu filling station, gas station. — memesi carburetor jet.
   —   motoru gasoline engine. — otomatiği/ pompası pump that feeds gasoline into the carburetor.
benzinci 1. filling station, gas station. 2. gas station attendant, benzinlik colloq. filling station, gas station, benzol, -lü benzol.
beraat, -ti/-ti law acquittal. — etmek to be acquitted. — ettirmek hi to acquit. — ı zimmet acquittal from debt/obligation. — ı zimmet asildir. A person is innocent until proven guilty.
beraber
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 beri
beraber (.—.) 1. together; with each other; as a body; /la/ together with, along with, with. 2. /la/ (used with an infinitive) although: Bazı kötü huylara sahip olmakla beraber yüreği temizdi. Although he had a number of bad traits his heart was in the right place. 3. /la/ on the same level as (used in a concrete sense)'. Mutfak yatak odasıyla beraber. The kitchen’s on the same floor as the bedroom. 4. /la/ equivalent to; on the same level as (used in an abstract sense): Kendini onunla beraber tutamazsın. You can’t put yourself on the same level with him. —ince see beraberinde, —inde together with, along with, with: Beraberinde beş kişi geldi. Five people came along with him. — e bitmek (for a contest) to end in a tie. — düşüp kalkmak to live together. — e kalmak (for teams/ contestants) to tie. beraberce (.—■/.) together; with each other; as a body.
beraberlik (.— ..) 1. unity, cooperation. 2. sports tie, draw. — müziği polyphonic music, symphonic music, beraet, -ti (.—.) see beraat, berakis (/..) obs. on the contrary. — olmak (for s.t.) to go wrong, go contrary to one’s expectations, beraks (/.) obs., see berakis. berat, -ti franchise, warrant, title of privilege, berat, barat. — gecesi/kandili the Night of Pardon, the night between the 14th and the 15th days of the month Sha’ban. berbat, -ti 1. soiled, filthy; very bad, dreadful, disgusting. 2. spoiled, injured, ruined.
   —   etmek /ı/ to ruin.
berber barber; hairdresser. — berbere benzer ama, başın Allaha emanet, proverb (One barber looks like another, but may God save your head.) Not all experts are competent.
   —      dükkânı barbershop, berberbalığı, -m (./...) zool. barberfish, Anthias
   anthias.
Berberce (./.) 1. Berber, the Berber language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Berber, Berber. 3. Berber (speech/writing); spoken in Berber; written in Berber.
Berber Devletleri, -ni the Barbary States. Berberi (..—) 1. (a) Berber. 2. Berber, pertaining to the Berber people.
Berberice (..—.) see Berberce.
Berberistan Barbary.
berberistanördeği, -ni (.../...) zool. Muscovy duck, musk duck, Cairina moschata. berberlik the profession of a barber; hairdressing.
                                                                     berbermaymunu, -nu (./...) zool. Barbary ape, Macaca sylvana. berdelacuz (...—) a cold spell in mid-March, berdevam /da/ continuing: Behçet haykırmakta berdevam. Behçet continues to shout. Yücel’in cinnet getirmeleri ber-
   devam. Yücel continues to go off his rocker. — olmak to continue, go on. berduş vagabond.
»bere 1. bruise. 2. dent.
2bere beret.
bereket, -ti 1. abundance, plenty; increase; fruitfulness. 2. blessing; divine gift. 3. fortunately, thank heaven. 4. prov. rain. — boynuzu cornucopia, horn of plenty, —ini gör. May it (i.e. the money paid to the merchant) benefit you! (said by a customer as a reply to the formula, Bereket versin! said by a merchant). —i içinde, colloq. There’s not much, but it’s enough. — ki see bereket versin.
   —   tanrıçası fertility goddess. — versin! Enjoy it!/May you benefit from it! (said by a seller to a customer at the conclusion of a sale)> — versin ....Thank goodness .../Thank God ...: Bereket versin kafa kâğıdımı unutmadım. Thank goodness I didn’t forget my identity card. — versin ki see bereket versin.
bereketlenmek to increase; to proliferate, bereketli 1. fruitful, bounteous. 2. fertile, productive, fructuous. 3. (food) a little of which goes a long way, a little of which can be made to go a long way, a small amount of which will make a dish that will feed many people. 4. (money) which brings satisfaction to its possessor. — olsun! May it be plentiful! (said to a person who is working in the fields or eating). bereketlilik 1. fruitfulness, bounteousness. 2.
   fertility, fructuousness. bereketsiz 1. unfruitful, marked by scarcity. 2. infertile, infructuous. 3. (food) a little of which does not go a long way, a little of which can not be made to go a long way, a small amount of which does not make a dish that will feed many people. 4. (money) which does not bring satisfaction to its possessor, berelemek hi to bruise; to dent.
»bereli bruised; dented.
2bereli wearing a beret.
Bergama (./.) Bergama (the ancient Perga-mum).
bergamot, -tu bot. bergamot, Citrus bergamia. bergüzar (..—) obs. present, gift, souvenir, berhane (.—.) obs. 1. unpractically large mansion, rambling house. 2. baggage, movables (including cattle and servants), the whole cargo of a caravan. — gibi (house) like a barn, berhava (..—) used in: — etmek hi to blow (s.t.) up. — olmak 1. to be blown up. 2. to go for naught, go for nothing, berhayat, -ti obs. living, alive. — kâğıdı/ilmühaberi document certifying that one is still living (and qualified to receive pension payments).
berhudar (..—) happy; prosperous, successful.
   —      ol! God bless you!/Blessings upon you! beri 1. here; near, this side (of). 2. /dan/ since.
berî
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beslemek
   —de on this side, nearer. — gel. colloq. Come nearer./Come here. — taraf this side, berî (.—) /dan/ obs. free from; devoid of. beriberi (./..) path, beriberi, beriki, -ni the nearest, the nearer one; this one;
   the last mentioned, berilyum (./.) chem. beryllium, beriiizzimme (.—•••) obs., law 1. absolved, proved innocent. 2. free of debts, beriyyiizzimme (.—...) obs., see beriiizzimme. berjer wing chair, winged chair, grandfather chair.
»berk, -ki 1. hard, strong, solid, firm, fast, tight.
   2. steep, rugged.
2berk, -ki lightning; flash of lightning, berkelyum (./.) chem. berkelium. berkemal, -li complete, perfect, berkinmek to gain strength, berkitme strengthening, reinforcement, berkitmek hi to strengthen, reinforce, berklik strength; solidity, bermucip (.—.) obs., used as: —i in accordance with, as required by: bermucib-i mezkûr kanun in accordance with the aforementioned law.
Bermuda (./.) 1. Bermuda. 2. Bermuda, Bermudan, of Bermuda, bermuda (./.) Bermuda shorts, bermutat (/ — .) as usual: Kapı bermutat açıktı. The door was, as usual, open, berrak, -ğı/-kı 1. clear, limpid, pellucid (liquid, style of writing/speaking). 2. clear, crystalline, pellucid (sky/weather). 3. clear and lovely (voice/sound). 4. brilliant; lustrous; gleaming; sparkling, berraklanmak see berraklaşmak, berraklaşmak 1. (for a liquid, a style of writing/speaking) to become clear, become limpid; to acquire a limpidity. 2. (for the sky/ the weather) to become clear, become pellucid; to acquire a pellucidity. 3. (for a voice/ a sound) to become clear and lovely; to acquire a lovely clarity, berraklaştırmak hi 1. to clarify, make (a liquid) clear or free of unwanted solid matter. 2. to cause (s.o.’s style of writing/speaking) to become limpid. 3. to make (the sky) pellucid. 4. to give clarity to (a voice), berraklık 1. limpidity, pellucidity (of a liquid, a style of writing/speaking). 2. pellucidity (of the sky/the weather). 3. lovely clarity (of a voice/a sound). 4. brilliance; luster; sparlde. berri (.—) obs. terrestrial, of or relating to land, bertaraf 1. ... aside, ... apart, setting aside (the matter of), if we leave out (the matter of): Şaka bertaraf, akıllı adamdır. Joking aside, he’s an intelligent man. Bu gariplikler bertaraf, burası rahat bir işyeri. These weirdnesses apart, this is a pleasant place to work.
   2. let alone ...; never mind about ...: Ankara’ya gitmek bertaraf, Karaköy’e kadar bile gittiği hiç olmadı. He’s never even been up to Karaköy, let alone Ankara. — etmek
                                                                         hi to remove, eliminate. — olmak to be removed, be eliminated, bervech obs., used as follows: —i ati as follows, as stated below. — i bâlâ as stated above. — i iştirak law jointly, in partnership.
    —i meşruh as explained above. — i muharrer as written above, as stated above. — i peşin 1. (paying for s.t.) in full (at the time of purchase). 2. (paying for s.t.) in advance.
    —i tacil expeditiously; speedily; hastily.
    —i tafsil in detail. — i zir as follows, as stated below, berzah 1. geog. isthmus. 2. place of torment, hell. 3. hellish (place). 4. painful predicament. 5. very difficult, bad (situation). 6. Islam place where the souls of the dead await the Day of Judgment (located between the world and hell). 7. interval, break, gap. —i bela obs. painful predicament, awful straits.
besbedava (/.— .) absolutely free of charge, besbelli (/..) 1. obvious, very clear. 2. quite evidently, besbeter (/..) altogether bad. besi 1. fattening, feeding up (a domestic animal). 2. nutrition. 3. a prop/a shim put underneath something to even it up. —ye almak/ çekmek/koymak /ı/ to fatten (an animal), besibilim (./..) dietetics, besibilimci (./...) dietitian, besibilimsel (./...) dietetic, besici fattener (of livestock), besicilik livestock fattening, besidoku (./..) endosperm, besidüzen (./..) diet. — bilgisi dietetics, besidüzensel (./...) dietary, besili fat, fleshy, well-fed (animal), besim (.—) obs. smiling, smileful. besin nourishment. — değeri food value. — zinciri food chain, besinsiz undernourished, underfed; unfed, besinsizlik lack of nourishment, besiörü (./..) bot. perisperm. besisuyu, -nu (./..) bot. sap. besiyeri, -ni (./..) culture medium, beslek girl servant brought up in the household, besleme 1. Ill feeding, nourishing. 2. hi raising, keeping (an animal). 3. servant girl brought up as a member of a household. — yi eslemeden alma, proverb Don’t hire a servant girl without checking up on her. — gibi colloq. (girl/woman) dressed in ill-fitting, ugly clothes.
beslemek 1. hi to feed, nourish. 2. hi to raise, keep (an animal): Tavuk beslerdi. He used to raise chickens. 3. hi to cherish, nurture (a thought/a feeling). 4. hf (for one stream) to feed (another). 5. hi to fatten (an animal). 6. /i, la/ to prop up or raise (s.t.) with; to shim (s.t.) with. Besle kargayı, oysun gözünü. colloq. Feed the crow and it will pick out your eyes (said when s.o. returns evil for good).
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beslemelik servant girl brought up as a member of a household, beslenen phys. reinforced (vibration/wave), beslenilmek impersonal passive 1. to feed, nourish. 2. to raise, keep (an animal). 3. to cherish, nurture (a thought/a feeling), beslenme nourishment. — çantası lunch box.
    —  havzası catchment area, catchment basin.
    —  teknesi river basin. — uzmanı nutritionist.
                                  beslenmek 1. to be fed, be nourished. 2. to eat: İyi beslenmiyorlar. They don’t eat properly. Balıkla besleniyor. He lives on fish.
    3.    (for an animal) to be raised, be kept. 4. (for a thought/a feeling) to be cherished, be nurtured. 5. (for a stream) to be fed. 6. (for an animal) to be fattened. 7. /la/ (for one thing) to be propped up or raised on (another); to be shimmed with, besletilmek /a/ (for s.o ./an animal) to be fed (by); /la/ to be put on a diet of, be fed (a specified food), besletmek /ı, a/ to have/let (one person) feed (another/an animal); /i, la/ to have (s.o./an animal) put on a diet of, have (s.o./an animal) fed (a specified food), besleyici 1. nutritive; nutritious. 2. feeder; supporter.
besmele Islam the formula bismillahirrahma-nirrahim. — çekmek/demek to pronounce this formula. — görmüş şeytana dönmek colloq. to be frightened to death. — okumak see besmele çekmek, besmelesiz 1. Islam without pronouncing the formula bismillahirrahmanirrahim. 2. colloq. good-for-nothing, bad (person); bastard.
beste 1. melody, tune, music (of a song). 2. (any musical) composition. 3. the art of musical composition, composition. — bağlamak /a/ to set (s.t. written) to music. — yapmak to compose a musical work, compose, besteci 1. person who sets words to music, writer of melodies, songwriter. 2. composer (of musical works): opera bestecisi opera composer, bestekâr see besteci, bestelemek hi to compose the music for. bestelenmek (for s.t. written) to be set to music.
                                  besteli (s.t. written) which has been set to music: Yalnız bu şiiri bestelidir. Only this one of his poems has been set to music, bestenigâr (...—) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
bestesiz (s.t. written) which has not been set to music.
beş five. — aşağı beş yukarı 1. roughly, approximately. 2. after some bargaining. —te bir one fifth. — duyu the five senses. — kardeş the hand with the five fingers (used in a slap). — köşe geom. pentagon. — on a few. — on kuruş çıkarmak to earn a little
    money. — para almamak not to get a penny. — para etmez worthless. — paralık etmek /i/ to expose (another’s) shameful secrets. — paralık olmak to have one’s shameful secrets revealed. — parmak bir değil, proverb (The five fingers of the hand are not all alike.) People are not all alike. — parmağın hangisini kessen acımaz? proverb (Which of a hand’s five fingers doesn’t hurt when it is cut?) A parent is grieved when any one of his/her children suffers misfortune. — vakit namaz Islam the complete set of daily prayers, beşamel Bechamel sauce, Bechamel, beşaret, -ti (.—.) obs. good news, glad tidings.
   —i Meryem Christ, (the Feast of) the Annunciation, beşaşet, -ti (.— .) obs. smiling countenance;
   cheerfulness, beşbıyık (/..) a large medlar.
»beşer five each, five apiece. — beşer by fives. 2beşer obs. 1. human being; man; woman. 2. humankind, humanity, mankind. — şaşar. proverb To err is human, beşeri (..—) obs. human, pertaining to human beings. — coğrafya anthropogeography. — ilimler humanities and social sciences, beşeriyat, -ti obs. anthropology, beşeriyatçı obs. anthropologist, beşeriyet, -ti obs. 1. human nature. 2. humankind, humanity, mankind, beşerüstü (./..) obs. superhuman, beyond human capacity/strength, beşgen geom. pentagon, beşibirarada (./....) see beşibiryerde, beşibirlik (./..) see beşibiryerde, beşibiryerde (./...) ornamental coin worth five Turkish gold pounds, beşik 1. cradle. 2. gun carriage. 3. ship’s cradle. — kertiği/kertmesi (— kertme nişanlı) betrothed while still an infant. — sandalye see beşiksandalye. beşikçatı (./..) gable roof, pitched roof; saddle roof, saddleback roof, saddleback, beşikçi maker/seller of cradles, beşikkemer (./..) arch, barrel arch, beşikörtü (./..) see beşikörtüsü, beşikörtüsü, -nü (./...) used in: — çatı gable roof, pitched roof; saddle roof, beşiksandalye (./...) rocking chair, beşiktonoz (./..) arch, barrel vault, tunnel vault, wagon vault, beşinci 1. fifth, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is fifth in a countable series: beşinci gün the fifth day.
   2.    fifth, in the fifth place: Yarışmada beşinci geldi. He came in fifth in the race. — kol fifth column, beşiz 1. (a) quintuplet: Kızım bu beşizleri doğururken neler çekti neler. My daughter suffered agonies while giving birth to these quintuplets, 2. (s.o.) who is a quintuplet: Bu bebekler beşiz. These babies are quintuplets.
   O  beşiz kardeşler nerede? Where are those
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116
bey
   quintuplets? — doğurmak to give birth to quintuplets.
beşizli 1. (s.t.) which contains five units: beşizli şamdan five-branched candelabrum. Bu ağacın kirazları beşizli. This tree’s cherries grow in clusters of five. 2. (woman) who has given birth to quintuplets; (man) who has sired quintuplets; (family) which numbers quintuplets among its members, beşleme 1. doing (s.t.) five times. 2. increasing a number of (people/things) to five. 3. quintupling a number of (people/things). 4. math. raising (a number) to the fifth power. 5. dividing (s.t.) into five parts. 6. mus. quintuplet, quintole. 7. landscaping quincunx, beşlemek ht 1. to do (s.t.) five times. 2. to increase a number of (people/things) to five.
   3. to quintuple a number of (people/things).
   4. math, to raise (a number) to the fifth power. 5. to divide (s.t.) into five parts.
beşli 1. mus. quintet (a group or a composition for such a group). 2. (a) five (in a suit of playing cards). 3. domino inscribed with five dots. 4. five-line stanza (of poetry). 5. (s.t.) which has five units attached to it: beşli şamdan five-branched candelabrum. — yıldız pentacle, pentagram, pen-talpha, pentangle. beşlik 1. any piece of currency in a denomination of five, e.g. five-lira note. 2. (a) five -year-old. 3. (s.t.) which is priced at or worth five units of a currency: Bu çiklet beşlik mi? Is this a five-lira chewing gum? Bence bu kalemler beşlik değil. In my opinion these pencils are not worth five thousand liras. 4. (s.t.) which is five units in length, weight, volume, etc.; (s.t.) which will hold five units/measures: beşlik kitap kutuları boxes designed to hold five books each. 5. five-year-old, of five years. — simit gibi kurulmak to sit down and act as if one owns the place (said derogatorily). beşme obs. 1. post of a woodworker’s lathe. 2. cloth with a repeated pattern of five horizontal stripes each in a different color, beşparmak (/..) zool. starfish, Asterias. beşparmakotu, -nu (/....) bot. cinquefoil, Potentilla reptans. beşpençe (/..) zool., see beşparmak, beştaş (/.) children's game jackstones, jacks, five stones, beşuş (.—) obs. smiling, smileful. beşyüz (/.) five hundred, beşyüzlük (/..) 1. five-hundred lira bill. 2. containing five hundred.
»bet, -ti face. — beniz color of the face. — i benzi atmak to go pale from fear. — beniz kalmamak to go pale. — bereket abundance. —i bereketi kalmamak/kaçmak to be gone; to become scarce.
2bet, -ti ugly, unseemly. — bet bakmak to stare balefully. —ine gitmek Iml to vex, annoy.
   —  görünmek /a/ to look ugly. — suratlı
   having a baleful glare, betahsis obs. especially, particularly, betatron phys. betatron, betelemek used in etelemek betelemek, see etelemek.
betelmek prov. 1. to insist, persist vigorously.
   2. to grow rude, become offensive, beter worse, —in beteri the very worst, beti 1. figure, shape. 2. representation (of a person/an animal), betik book; letter; document, betili figurative, representational. — sanat figurative art. betim description, depiction, betimleme description, describing, depiction, depicting.
betimlemek hi to describe, depict (a person’s/ a thing’s appearance), betimlenmek to be described, be depicted, betimsel descriptive. — budunbilim ethnography. — dilbilgisi descriptive grammar, betisiz nonfigurative, nonrepresentational. — sanat nonfigurative art. betleşmek to grow ugly, become disagreeable, betlik 1. ugliness. 2. wickedness, worthlessness;
   wicked action, beton 1. concrete (a building material composed of solidified cement, sand, water, and gravel).
   2.     concrete, cement, made of concrete. — gibi 1. (s.t.) which is as hard as concrete, very hard. 2. (s.t.) which is as durable as concrete, very solid. — karıştırıcı concrete mixer, cement mixer (a machine), betonarme reinforced concrete, ferroconcrete, betoncu 1. concreter, person who mixes, pours, or works with concrete. 2. person who is in the concreting business, betoniyer see betonyer. betonkarar (./..) see betonyer. betonyer concrete mixer, cement mixer (a machine).
bevil, -vli obs., med. 1. urine. 2. urination, bevliye urology, bevliyeci urologist.
be wap obs. 1. servant who functioned as a doorkeeper, messenger, and janitor in a school, Brit, porter. 2. doorkeeper, bey 1. gentleman, sir; a title meaning Mr. (used after a first name): Ay dm Bey. 2. prince, ruler, chieftain; chief, head, master. 3. Ott. hist, bey, beg. 4. notable, country gentleman.
   5.  playing cards ace. — ardından çomak çalan çok olur, proverb There are a lot of people who gossip when the boss is gone.
   —   armudu bot., see beyarmudu. —ler buyruğu yoksula kan ağlatır, proverb Those in charge issue commands that give poor people a lot of trouble. — gibi yaşamak to live the life of Riley, be comfortable, be well-off. —lere inanma, suya dayanma. proverb (Don’t trust important people nor lean on water.) Don’t count on a friend in power; he may let you down.
beyaban
beyaban (.-------) obs. desert.
beyan 1. declaration, announcement. 2. clarity, clear style. 3. the part of rhetorics dealing with comparison and metaphor. 4. gram, explanation. — etmek hi to declare, announce, beyanat, -ti (.—.) statement, declaration, —ta bulunmak to make a statement; to give an explanation, beyanname (..— .) declaration, written statement; com. manifest, beyarmudu, -nu (/...) bot. a large variety of pear.
beyaz 1. white. 2. white spot. 3. fair-skinned.
   4. clean copy, fair copy. 5. blank paper. 6. print, regular, normal (typeface) (as distinguished from boldface and italic); lightface.
   7. slang heroin, —in adı (var), esmerin tadı (var), proverb Blondes have the name but brunettes have the attraction. — ciro com. blank endorsement, —a çekmek hi to make a clean/fair copy of (a piece of writing), —a çıkarmak hi to clear (from accusation).
   —  eritici slang white stuff, morphine. — eşya white goods, household appliances. — et white meat. — etmek hi see beyaza çekmek. — iş simple white embroidery. — kadın ticareti white slave trade. — oy a vote in favor, aye. B— Rus 1. (a) Belarussian, (a) Byelorussian. 2. hist, (a) White Russian.
   3. Belarussian, Byelorussian (person). 4. hist. White Russian (person). B— Rusça 1. Belarussian, Byelorussian, the Belarussian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Belarussian, Belarussian. 3. Belarussian (speech/language); spoken in Belarussian; written in Belarussian. B— Rusya 1. Belarus, Byelorussia. 2. hist. White Russia. B— Saray the White House. — şarap white wine. — toz slang heroin. — yalan white lie. — zehir hard drug.
beyazbalıkçıl (./...) zool. white heron, Egretta alba.
beyazbalina (./...) zool. white whale, beluga, Delphinapterus leucas. beyazdiken (./..) bot. hawthorn, Crataegus oxyacantha. beyazgözbalığı, -m (./....) zool. picarel, Maena. beyazımsı whitish, beyazımtırak see beyazımsı, beyazkurt (./.) zool. acorn barnacle, Balanus. beyazkurtluca (./...) bot. spindlewort, Atractylis gummifera. beyazlanmak see beyazlaşmak, beyazlaşmak to get white, whiten, beyazlatılmak to be bleached, beyazlatmak hi to whiten, bleach, beyazlık 1. whiteness. 2. the first light of dawn, beyazmukallit (./...) zool. olivaceous warbler, Hippolais pallida. beyazperde (./..) 1. movie screen, silver screen.
   2. the movies, the cinema, silver screen, beyazpeynir (./..) feta, white cheese, beybaba (/..) father (used also for other re-
117                                          beyinsiz
         spected elderly persons). beyefendi (/...) 1. sir. 2. a polite honorific used after a man’s first name. beyerki, -ni (/..) government by an aristocracy.
      beygir 1. horse; packhorse; cart horse. 2. gelding. 3. sports vaulting horse, horse. — değirmeni mill turned by horsepower. — gibi clumsy, awkward, stupid, bey gird one who hires out horses; one who looks after hired horses, beygirgücü, -nü (./..) horsepower, beygirli horse-drawn.
     beygirotu, -nu (./..) bot. pewter grass, horsetail, Equisetum arvense. beyhude (.—.) 1. in vain. 2. useless, vain. — yere uselessly, vainly; unnecessarily, beyin, -yni 1. brain, encephalon. 2. cerebral, encephalic. 3. cerebr-, cerebri-, cerebro-, encephal-, encephalo-. 4. mind; brains, intelligence. — akımyazımı electroencephalography. —i atmak to get very angry, be furious, blow one’s top/stack. — bırakmamak /da/ to wear out (s.o.’s) brain, leave (s.o.) too tired to think. — bitkinliği overwork, fatigue. — i bulanmak 1. to be dazed. 2. to be suspicious, smell a rat. —i çürük crazy, unreasonable. — i dağınık scatterbrained. —i durmak to be too tired to think. — edisi cerebration. — göçü brain drain. — humması brain fever. — kabuğu anat. cerebral cortex. — kanaması path. cerebral hemorrhage. — i karıncalanmak to be dead tired and unable to think. — kızartması fried brain, brain fritters; baked brains. — korteksi anat. cerebral cortex. — omurilik cerebrospinal. — omurilik sıvısı biochem. cerebrospinal fluid. — omurilik yangısı path, encephalomyelitis. — patlatmak to split one’s brains (over). — salatası brain salad, boiled brains served cold with a dressing of olive oil and lemon juice. — sapı anat. brainstem. — i sulanmak to grow senile. —inde şimşek/şimşekler çakmak 1. to have a sudden thought, get a sudden inspiration, have a brainstorm. 2. to be shocked.
         —  tavası see beyin kızartması, —ine vurmak (for drink) to go to one’s head, —inden vurulmuşa dönmek to be greatly upset (by an unexpected event). — yangısı path, encephalitis. — yıkamak to brainwash. — yormak to ponder, think hard, rack one’s brains.
         —     zarları anat., see beyinzarlari. beyincik anat. cerebellum, beyinkeseleşimi, -ni (./.....) path, encephalo-
         cele.
      beyinli 1. (sheep’s/lamb’s head) with the brain in it. 2. colloq. brainy, smart, beyinorağı, -ni (./...) anat. falx cerebri, falx of cerebrum, beyinsel cerebral, beyinsi cerebroid.
      beyinsiz 1. (sheep’s/lamb’s head) without the
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   brain. 2. colloq. brainless, stupid, beyinsizlik colloq. stupidity, beyinüçgeni, -ni (./...) anat. cerebellum, beyinzarlari, -m (.•"•••) anat. meninges, beyit, -yti poet, couplet, distich, beylerbeyi, -ni (./..) Ott. hist, governor-general, military governor, beglerbeg, beglerbey, beylerbey.
beylik 1. rank of a ruler. 2. Ott. hist, rank of a bey/beg, bey lie, beylik. 3. principality, region ruled over by a ruler. 4. Ott. hist, beylic, beylik, the territory ruled by a bey/beg. 5. the quality of a respected gentleman. 6. belonging to the government, state-owned; government issue. 7. conventional, stereotyped, commonplace. 8. a thin blanket used by a soldier. — çeşmeden su içme, proverb (Do not drink from the public fountain.) Beware of becoming a government employee. — firm has çıkarır, proverb (The government bakery makes special bread.) It is a profitable thing to be a government employee. — kaşık aşsız, kârgir bina taşsız kalmaz. proverb (The government spoon is never without food; a stone building is never without stone.) A government employee will never suffer hunger. — satmak to give o.s. airs, beyn obs. relation (between people): Beynleri açıldı. They’re not on good terms with each other, —inde between; among: Bu söyleyeceklerim beynimizde kalsm. What I’m going to tell you is just between ourselves, beynamaz Islam (s.o.) who neglects to perform the namaz; (s.o.) who is lax about performing his/her religious duties; (s.o.) who does not live as a Muslim should, beynelmilel international.
Beyoğlu (/..) Beyoğlu (a section of Istanbul, formerly known as Pera). beysbol (/.) baseball. — batı see beysbol sopası. — eldiveni baseball glove; baseball mitt. — sahası baseball field. — sopası baseball bat. beysbolcu (/..) baseball player, beysoylu (/..) aristocrat, beyt, -ti obs. 1. house; building. 2. room.
Beytullah Islam the Kaaba. beytiilmal, -li (..—) formerly the public treasury.
                                                                         beyyine obs., law clear proof, undeniable evidence. — külfeti law the burden of proof, beyzade (.—.) 1. son of a prince. 2. Ott. hist.
   son of a bey/beg. 3. noble/refined person, beyzbol (/.) see beysbol, beyzbolcu (/..) see beysbolcu. beyzi (.—) oval, elliptical.
»bez 1. linen/cotton material, cloth. 2. piece of cloth; diaper; dustcloth. — alırsan Musul’dan, kız alırsan asilden, proverb When you buy cloth, get it from Mosul; when you choose a wife, pick one from a gentle family.
   —   çözmek to take the finished cloth off a loom. — i herkesin arşınına göre vermez-
                                                                                                            bıcı bıcı
   ler. proverb (They don’t sell cloth by everybody’s private yardstick.) Rules should have no personal exceptions. — kaplı cloth-bound (book).
2bez anat. gland. — epiteli anat. glandular epithelium. — uru path, adenoma, bezci cloth-seller.
bezdirilmek to be sickened with disgust, bezdirmek /ı/ to sicken, disgust, weary, bezdoku (/..) anat. glandular tissue.
»beze anat. gland, —ler adenoids.
2beze lump of dough.
3beze macaroon.
bezek 1. (an) ornament, (a) decoration. 2. decoration, ornamentation, bezekçi 1. decorator. 2.formerly professional adorner of women, bezekleme decoration, ornamentation, bezel adenoid, adenoidal, bezelemek 111 prov. to knead (dough), bezelenmek prov. to be kneaded, bezelye (./.) bot. pea, peas, bezem decor.
bezemci interior decorator, bezeme 1. decoration, decorating, ornamentation, ornamenting. 2. (an) ornament, (a) decoration.
bezemek /ı, la/ to decorate/ornament/adorn/em-bellish/deck (s.t.) out (with), bezemeli decorated, bezemleme decoration, decorating, bezemlemek hi to decorate, bezemsel decorative, ornamental, bezen 1. (an) ornament, (a) decoration. 2. decoration, ornamentation, bezenmek /la/ 1. to be decorated/ornamented/ adorned/embellished (with). 2. to deck o.s. out (in), array o.s. (in), bezeyici decorator.
bezgin disgusted, discouraged, depressed, bezginlik weariness, lethargy, bezik playing cards bezique. bezir, -zri 1. linseed oil. 2. linseed, flaxseed, bezirci dealer in linseed oil. bezirgân 1. colloq. grasping trader, hard bargainer, someone who drives a hard bargain. 2. obs. merchant, trader, bezirgânlık 1. colloq. hard bargaining, graspingness. 2. obs. being a merchant, trading, trade, bezirlemek 111 to treat (s.t.) with linseed oil. bezir yağı, -m (./..) linseed oil. bezi obs. giving generously, expending freely.
   —      etmek 111 see bezletmek. bezletmek (/..) Ill to give generously of, expend freely.
bezm convivial gathering; drinking party; feast, banquet.
bezmek /dan/ to get tired (of), become disgusted (with), bezmez tireless, unflagging, beztüyler (/..) bot. glands, glandular hairs, bezürek (/..) adenoid growth, bıcı bıcı (./ ..) child’s language taking a bath.
bıcıl                                              119
   —      yapmak to take a bath, bıcıl prov. knucklebones, bıcılgan prov., see bıçılgan.
bıcır bıcır (./ ..) (chattering) incessantly, bıcırgan burnisher used for polishing the inside of a metal pipe, bıçak knife. — ağzı the sharp edge of a knife.
   —   altma yatmak colloq. to have an operation. — atmak /a/ 1. to throw a knife (at).
   2. to knife. — bıçağa knife to knife; at daggers drawn. — çekmek /a/ to threaten (s.o.) with a drawn knife. — eğe knife-shaped file.
   —   gibi kesmek l\l colloq. to cut off, stop (a pain) at once. — kemiğe dayanmak to get to be unendurable/intolerable. — ı kestiren kendi suyu, insanı sevdiren kendi huyu. proverb It is the temper of the knife that makes it sharp, and it is for one’s personal qualities that one is loved. — kınını kesmez. proverb (A knife does not cut its sheath.) Authorities do not use their power against their friends. — sırtı kadar fark colloq. a hairbreadth’s difference. — silmek to finish off a job. — yarası onulur, dil yarası onulmaz, proverb A knife wound heals; a wound caused by words does not. — yemek to get knifed.
bıçakçı cutler; knifesmith. bıçakçılık making/selling knives, bıçaklamak /ı/ to stab, knife, bıçaklanmak to be stabbed, be knifed, bıçaklık 1% container for storing knives; knife holder; knife box, knife case. 2. good for making knives, bıçılgan prov. 1. infected (sore/cut). 2. crack in the hoof of an animal, bıçkı 1. two-handed saw, crosscut saw; bucksaw. 2. saddler’s knife. — tozu sawdust, bıçkıcı 1. sawyer. 2. maker/seller of bucksaws, bıçkın colloq. rascal, scamp, roughneck, bıçkınlaşmak colloq. to act like a rascal, bıdık colloq. short and plump, bıkılmak /dan/ impersonal passive to get bored by/with, weary of, tire of. bikkm bored.
bıkkınlık boredom. — gelmek to get bored.
   —      vermek /a/ to bore, weary, tire, bıkmak /dan/ to get bored by/with, bıkıp usanmak /dan/ to be fed up (with).
bıktırıcı boring, wearisome, tiresome, bıktırmak /ı, dan/ to bore, weary, tire, bıldır (/.) prov. last year, bıldırcın zool. quail, Coturnix coturnix. —■ gibi short and plump (woman). — fırtınası a storm early in September, bıldırcmotu, -nu (../..) bot. monkshood, Aconitum napellus. bıllık bıllık (./ ..) quite plump, bıngıl bıngıl (./ ..) 1. fat and bulging, blubbery.
   2. (moving) with one’s fat stomach, fat breasts, etc. bouncing like jelly, bıngıldak anat. anterior fontanelle, soft spot on the head of a baby.
                                                                                                bırakımcı
bıngıldamak 1. to shake, bounce, flop, waggle (like jelly). 2. to ripple, undulate, bmgillik being fat and bulging, blubberiness. bırakılmak 1. /da/ to be left in (a place); /a/ to be left with (s.o.). 2. impersonal passive /da/ to leave (s.o./s.t.) in (a place); /a/ to leave (s.o./s.t.) with (s.o.); /a/ to let (s.o.) borrow (s.t.). 3. /a/ to be left on/in, be put on/in (a place). 4. /a/ impersonal passive to leave/put (s.t./s.o.) on/in (a place). 5. impersonal passive to let go of, stop holding. 6. to be left, be abandoned, be deserted. 7. impersonal passive to leave, desert. 8. impersonal passive to quit (one’s job). 9. impersonal passive to stop doing (work in hand): İşler öyle zırt pır t bırakılır mı? Do you stop working whenever you take a notion? 10. /a/ to be set aside until, be put off until (a future date). 11. /a/ impersonal passive to set aside (s.t.) until, put (s.t.) off until (a future date). 12. /a/ (for a job/a responsibility) to be entrusted to (s.o.); (for a job/a responsibility) to be handed over to, be turned over to, be relinquished to (s.o.). 13. /a/ impersonal passive to entrust (a job/a responsibility) to; to hand over or relinquish (a job/a responsibility) to. 14. to be left alone, be left in peace. 15. impersonal passive to leave (s.o./ s.t.) alone, let (s.o./s.t.) be. 16. /a/ impersonal passive to let one’s hair hang down to (a specified level). 17. (for a beard/a mustache) to be grown. 18. impersonal passive to grow (a beard/a mustache). 19. /a/ to be given to (s.o.); to be left to, be bequeathed to (s.o.). 20. impersonal passive to leave (s.t.) to (s.o.), let (s.o.) have (s.t.); to leave (s.t.) to, bequeath. 21. /a, dan/ (for a specified amount of profit) to come to (s.o.) from (s.t.). 22. impersonal passive (for s.t.) to bring one (a specified amount of profit), leave one with (a specified amount of profit). 23. impersonal passive to give up (a habit). 24. (for a captive person/animal) to be set free. 25. impersonal passive to set (a captive person/animal) free. 26. /a/ to be allowed to (do s.t.). 27. /a/ impersonal passive to allow (s.o.) to (do s.t.). 28. /a/ to be allowed to go to/ into (a place). 29. (for a spouse) to be abandoned, be deserted (by the other). 30. impersonal passive to leave (one’s spouse). 31. to be left in (an undesirable state). 32. impersonal passive to leave (s.o./s.t.) (in an undesirable state). 33. (for a student) to be made to repeat a grade. 34. impersonal passive to make (a student) repeat a grade, fail, flunk (a student). 35. /a, dan/ (for s.t.) to be sold to (s.o.) for (a specified price). 36. /a, dan/ impersonal passive to sell (s.t.) to (s.o.) for (a specified price), bırakım strike, walkout, bırakımcı striker.
 bırakışma                                       120
bırakışma cease-fire, armistice, truce, bırakışmak to suspend hostilities; to make a truce; to call a cease-fire, birakit, -ti estate (of a deceased person), bırakmak 1. /ı, da/ to leave (s.t./s.o.) (in) (a place); h, a/ to leave (s.o./s.t.) with (s.o.), leave (s.o./s.t.) in the care of (s.o.). 2. /i, a/ to leave/put (s.t./s.o.) on/in (a place). 3. hi to let go of, stop holding: Beni bırak! Let go of me! 4. /i/ to leave, abandon, desert. 5. h! to quit (a job). 6. to stop, desist; hi to stop doing, quit doing (s.t.): Bırak Allah aşkına! Stop it for God’s sake! 7. /i, a/ to leave (s.t.) until (a future date), put (s.t.) off until (a future date). 8. /i, a/ to entrust (a job) to (s.o.); to hand over, turn over, relinquish (a job/a responsibility) to (s.o.). 9. h! to leave (s.o./s.t.) alone, let (s.o./s.t.) be, leave (s.o.) in peace. 10. /i, a/ to let (one’s hair) hang down to (a specified level). 11. hi to grow (a beard/a mustache). 12. /a, ı/ to let (s.o.) have the use of (s.t.), let (s.o.) have (s.t.), let (s.o.) borrow (s.t.). 13. /i, a/ to leave (s.t.) to (s.o.), let (s.o.) have (s.t.); to bequeath (s.t.) to (s.o.). 14. /a, ı/ (for s.t.) to bring (s.o.) (a specified amount of profit), leave (s.o.) with (a specified amount of profit). 15. hi to give up (a habit): Sigarayı bıraktı. He’s given up smoking. 16. hi to leave, cease to give one’s attention to (a matter); to forget about, disregard, write off (s.o./s.t. regarded as worthless): Bunu şimdilik bırakalım.
   Let’s leave this for the time being. Onu bırak! Forget about him! 17. hi to set (a captive person/animal) free. 18. hi to let/ allow (s.o.) (to do s.t.) (often used in the imperative): Bırak, onlara yardım edeyim!
   Let me help them! Öğretmen onu öbür çocuklarla oynamaya bırakmadı. The teacher didn’t let him play with the other children. 19. /i, a/ to let (s.o./an animal) go to/into (a place): O gün beni okula bırakmadılar. That day they didn’t let me go to school. Beni içeriye bırakmadı. He didn’t let me go in. 20. hi to leave (a spouse). 21. hi to leave (a stain/a mark).
   22. hi to leave (s.o./s.t.) (in an undesirable state): Köpeği bütün gün aç bıraktılar.
   They let the dog go hungry all day. Çocuğu öksüz bıraktılar. They left the child an orphan. Evi darmadağınık bıraktı. He left the house in a real mess. 23. hi (for a teacher) to make (a student) repeat a grade, fail, flunk (a student). 24. /i, a, dan/ to sell (s.t.) to (s.o.) for (a specified price), let (s.o.) have (s.t.) for (a specified price). 25.
   (for s.t.) to come unglued. Bıraktığım çayırda/yerde otluyorsun/otluyor. colloq.
   (You’re/He’s/She’s grazing in the pasture I left you/him/her in.) You’re/He’s/She’s still doing what you’ve/he’s/she’s always done. Bırak ki .... and even if I did ...: O işi yap-
                                                                                                              biat
   mak istemiyorum, bırak ki vaktim de yok.
   I don’t want to do that job; and even if I
   did,    I don’t have the time, bırakınız yapsınlar econ. laissez-faire, laissez faire, laisser -faire, laisser faire. bıraktırmak 1. /a, i/ to have/let (s.o.) leave (s.t./s.o.); /i, da/ to have (s.t.) left in (a place); /i, a/ to have (s.o./s.t.) left in the care of (s.o.). 2. /i, a/ to have (s.t./s.o.) left on/in (a place). 3. /a, ı/ to have (one person) let (another) go. 4. /a, i/ to have/let (one person) abandon (another). 5. /a, ı/ to have/let (s.o.) quit (his/her job). 6. /a, ı/ to have/let (s.o.) stop doing (a job). 7. /a, 1/ to have/let (s.o.) put (s.t.) off; /i, a/ to have (s.t.) put off until (a future date). 8. /i, a/ to have (s.t.) entrusted to (s.o.); /i, a/ to have (a job/a responsibility) handed over to (s.o.). 9. /a, i/ to have/let (s.o.) grow (a beard/a mustache). 10. /i, a/ to have (s.t.) assigned/given/bequeathed to (s.o.). 11. /a, i/ to cause (s.o.) to give up (a habit). 12. /a, i/ to have (s.o.) set (a captive person/ animal) free. 13. /a, ı/ to cause (s.o.) to leave (his/her spouse). 14. /a, ı/ to have/let (a teacher) make (a student) repeat a grade. 15. /a, i, dan/ to have/let (s.o.) sell (s.t.) for (a specified price); /i, a, dan/ to arrange for (s.t.) to be sold to (s.o.) for (a specified price); /i, a, dan/ to let (s.t.) be sold to (s.o.) for (a specified price), bıyık 1. mustache. 2. whiskers (of a cat). 3. tendril. — altından gülmek to laugh up one’s sleeve, —larmi balta kesmez olmak Iml to become unmanageable, have no fear/restraint left. — bırakmak to grow a mustache. — burmak 1. to twist one’s mustache. 2. to swagger, show off. —lan ele almak (for a young man) to grow up. — ma gülmek hn/ to make fun (of), —mı silmek to consider some job finished and stop following it up. ,—i terlemek (for a boy) to have peach fuzz start growing on his upper lip. bıyıklanmak to grow a mustache, bıyıklı having a mustache, mustached. — ya piyaz vermek slang to be buddies with the fuzz.
bıyıklıbalık (../..) zool. barbel, Barbus flu-viatilis.
bıyıklıbaştankara (../....) zool. bearded tit, bearded titmouse, Panurus biarmicus. biyikliyarasa (../...) zool. whiskered bat, Myotis mystacinus. bıyıksız without a mustache, bızbız short drumstick, bızdık slang child, bızır anat. clitoris.
biaman (—..) obs. merciless, pitiless, biat, -ti (—.) hist, acknowledging (s.o.) to be one’s overlord/master, acknowledgment of fealty to, pledging allegiance to. — etmek /a/ to acknowledge (s.o.) to be one’s overlord/master, acknowledge fealty to, pledge
 bibaha                                            121
   allegiance to. bibaha (—) obs. priceless, invaluable, bibehre obs., see behresiz, biber 1. bot. pepper, Capsicum. 2. bot. cayenne pepper, red pepper, chili pepper, chili, Capsicum frutescens. 3. bot. black pepper, Piper nigrum. 4. pepper (ready to use as a condiment, e.g. dried red pepper flakes, ground black pepper). — dolması stuffed pepper. — gibi hot, peppery (to the taste). — tanesi peppercorn. — turşusu pickled green pepper.
biberağacı, -ni (./...) bot. pepper tree, Schinus. biberiye bot. rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis. biberlemek /ı/ to pepper, biberli peppered, peppery, biberlik 1. pepper shaker, pepperbox, pepperpot; pepper mill. 2. garden bed of peppers, biberon feeding bottle, bibi prov. paternal aunt, bibliyofil bibliophile, bibliyografi see bibliyografya, bibliyografik bibliographic, bibliographical, bibliyografya (.../.) bibliography, bibliyoman 1. (a) bibliomaniac. 2. bibliomaniac (person), bibliyomani bibliomania, bibliyotek, -ki 1. library, bibliotheca (i.e. a building/a room). 2. library, bibliotheca (i.e. a collection of books). 3. bookcase, bibliyotekçi librarian, biblo (/.) knickknack, trinket, bicik prov. breast; teat.
biçare (-------.) poor, destitute, wretched.
biçarelik (— —..) destitution, wretchedness, biçem style.
biçembilim (./..) stylistics, biçemleme stylization, biçemlemek /i/ to stylize, biçemsel stylistic, stylistical. biçerbağlar binder, reaper-binder. biçerdöver combine, combine harvester, reaper -thresher.
                                                                        biçilmek 1. (for wood/stone) to be cut and shaped, be hewn (according to a pattern).
   2. tailor, (for cloth) to be cut (in order to make a dress, shirt, etc.); (for a garment) to be cut out. 3. (for a cereal crop) to be reaped; (for hay/grass) to be cut, be mowed, be mown. 4. /a/ (for a price) to be put on, be assigned to (s.t.). biçilmiş used in: — kaftan /için or a/ just the right person for; just the right thing for, just what was needed, just what the doctor ordered: Bu iş senin için biçilmiş kaftan. This job was made for you. biçim 1. shape, form. 2. sort, kind, manner: Ne biçim şey bu? What sort of thing is this?
   Onu güzel bir biçimde söyledi. He put it in a nice way. 3. comp, format. 4. tailor. cut (of a garment): İngiliz biçimi bir ceket a sport coat with an English Cut. 5. time for reaping; time for cutting hay; harvesttime.
biçki
   6.  I\l cutting and shaping, hewing (wood/ stone). 7. hi tailor, cutting (cloth) (to make garments); cutting out (clothes). 8. hi reaping (a cereal crop); cutting, mowing (hay/ grass). 9. h, al putting (a price) on, assigning (a price) to (s.t.). — almak to take shape, —ini almak to take shape as, assume (a specified) shape, —ine gelmek for a suitable opportunity to arise, —ine getirmek to find a convenient time/opportunity. —e koymak/sokmak hi see biçim vermek.
   —      vakti time for reaping; time for cutting hay; harvesttime. — vermek /a/ to give (a specified) shape to. biçimbilgisi, -ni (./...) ling, morphology, biçimbilim (./..) biol. morphology, biçimbirim (./..) ling, morpheme, biçimbozum (./..) deformation, deforming; distortion.
biçimci 1. (a) formalist. 2. formalistic, formalist, biçimcilik formalism.
biçimleme hi 1. shaping, giving a (definite) shape/form to. 2. comp, formatting, biçimlemek hi 1. to shape, form, give a (definite) shape/form to. 2. comp, to format. 3. slang to shame, rebuke, biçimlendirmek hi to shape, form, give a (definite) shape/form to. biçimlenme 1. taking shape/form. 2. comp.
   being formatted, biçimlenmek 1. to take shape/form. 2. comp.
   to be formatted, biçimlenmemiş 1. amorphous. 2. comp, not formatted, unformatted, biçimlenmiş 1. (s.t.) that has been given a shape/form, shaped. 2. comp, formatted, biçimli 1. shapely; nicely proportioned; well -set-up. 2. nicely cut (garment), biçimlik 1. (a cereal crop) which is ready to be reaped; (grass) which is ready to be cut for hay. 2. prov. hay field that is cut on a cooperative basis, biçimsel pertaining to shape, formal, biçimsellik spatial harmony, biçimsiz 1. shapeless, misshapen, formless; ill -proportioned, klutzy. 2. unsuitable, inappropriate; inconvenient. 3. unseemly. 4. chem. amorphous, biçimsizlenme see biçimsizleşme, biçimsizlenmek see biçimsizleşmek, biçimsizleşme 1. losing its shape; deformation. 2. becoming ill-proportioned; becoming unprepossessing/unattractive . biçimsizleşmek 1. (for s.t.) to lose its shape; to be deformed. 2. to become ill-proportioned; to become unprepossessing/unattractive, biçimsizlik 1. shapelessness, formlessness; un-pleasing proportions, klutziness. 2. unsuitableness, inappropriateness. 3. unseemliness. 4. chem. amorphousness, biçintilik clothes pattern, biçit, -ti pattern.
biçki cutting out (clothes). — dikiş yurdu for-
biçme
 122
bilaücret
    merly tailoring school, biçme 1. hi cutting and shaping, hewing (wood/ stone). 2. hi tailor, cutting (cloth) (in order to make a garment); cutting out, cutting the cloth for (a garment). 3. Ill reaping (a cereal crop); cutting (hay/grass). 4. geom. prism. 5. hewn piece of stone; cut stone. 6. hewn wood, roughly squared wood. — çayırı hay field.
biçmek 1. hi to cut and shape, hew (wood/ stone) (according to a pattern): Tomrukları biçip kalas haline getirdiler. They cut up the logs into beams. 2. hi tailor, to cut (cloth) (in order to make a garment); to cut out, cut the cloth for (a garment): Elbisenin kumaşını henüz biçmedi. He hasn’t cut out the dress yet. 3. h! to reap (a cereal crop); to cut, mow (hay/grass). 4. Ill to mow down, cut down, kill (people) (with a volley of fire).
    5.    /a, 1/ to put (a price) on, assign (a price) to: Şimdi bu halıya fiyat biçelim. Let’s price this rug now. biçtirmek 1. /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) cut and shape or hew (wood/stone) (according to a pattern); III to have (wood/stone) cut and shaped or hewn (according to a pattern). 2. /i, a/ tailor, to have (s.o.) cut (cloth) (in order to make a garment); to have (s.o.) cut out (a garment). 3. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) reap (a cereal crop) or cut (hay/grass); hi to have (a cereal crop) reaped; hi to have (hay/grass) cut. 4. hi to have (people) mown down (with a volley of fire). 5. /a, ı/ to have (s.t.) priced: Bu kitaplara fiyat biçtireceğim. I’m going to have these books priced, bidayet, -ti (.—.) obs. beginning, commencement. — mahkemesi court of first instance, lower court, bidayeten (.— '..) obs. 1. as a start; initially, in the beginning, at the outset. 2. law in the court of first instance, by the court of first instance, bide bidet.
bidon 1. oil drum, metal barrel. 2. plastic jerry can.
bidüziye (/...) continuously, bienal, -li (a) biennial (an exhibition, examination, etc.). biftek steak, beefsteak.
bigâne (-------.) obs. 1. /a/ (s.o.) who is a stran-
    ger to, who is unacquainted with. 2. /a/ detached from, indifferent to, uninterested in, aloof from. 3. (a) stranger. — kalmak /a/ 1. to be a stranger to, be unacquainted with. 2. to be detached from, be indifferent to, be uninterested in, be aloof from, bigayrihakkm (./...) obs. unjustly, bigayrihakkin (./...) obs., see bigayrihakkm. bigayrikasdin (./...) obs. unintentionally, inadvertently, bigudi roller, curler (for the hair), bigünah (—..) obs. sinless, innocent; blameless, irreproachable.
bihaber (—..) /dan/ obs. unaware (of), ignorant (of).
bihakkın (./.) obs. 1. justifiably, rightly, justly. 2. properly; as it should be done; as he/she should do it. 3. truly, in truth, bihakkin (./.) obs., see bihakkın.
bihude (-------.) obs., see beyhude.
bihuş (--------) obs. 1. dazed; bewildered; stupe-
   fied. 2. unconscious, (s.o.) who has lost consciousness.
bihuzur (—.—) obs. worried, troubled, uneasy, unquiet.
biinayetillah (..— ...) Islam by/through the grace of God, by/through God’s grace, biiznillah Islam God permitting, with God’s permission, God willing, bijon used in: — anahtarı auto, lug wrench, Brit, wheelbrace. — somunu auto, lug nut, Brit, wheel nut. bikarar (—.—) obs. 1. undecided. 2. indecisive, liable to change his/her mind; inconstant. 3. worried, troubled, uneasy. 4. impermanent; unstable, bikarbonat, -ti bicarbonate, bikes (—.) obs. 1. (s.o.) who has no family or friends. 2. forlorn, lonely, bikini bikini.
bikir, -kri virginity, maidenhood, bilabedel (/—..) obs. free of charge, gratis, biladerağacı, -m (.— ....) bot. cashew, Anacar-dium occidentale. bilafasila (/— —..) obs. uninterruptedly, continuously, bilahara (/—..) obs., see bilahare, bilahare (/—..) later, at a later time; afterwards.
bilahire (/—..) obs., see bilahare, bilaihtiyar (/—..—) obs. involuntarily, unintentionally.
bilaistisna (/—..—) obs. without exception, bilakaydüşart (/—...) obs. unconditionally, bilakis (/..) on the contrary, bilalüzum (/—..) obs. unnecessarily, needlessly, bilamucip (/--------.) obs. without motive, with-
   out cause.
bilanço fin. balance; balance sheet. — analizi balance-sheet analysis, bilar caulking mixture made of tar. bilardo (./.) pool; billiards. — masası billiard table. — salonu pool hall, poolroom. — topu billiard ball, bilardocu (./..) billiard player, bilariza (/ — ..) obs. unwillingly, against one’s will.
bilasebep (.'-—..) obs. without cause, for no reason.
bilatebliğ (/—..) obs. without giving notice;
   without notice, bilateemmül (/—...) obs. without thinking something through, without considering something carefully, bilatereddüt (/—...) obs. unhesitatingly, bilaücret (/—..) obs. free of charge, gratis.
bilavasıta
 123
 bilgililik
bilavasıta (/------..) obs. directly; without using
    an intermediary; without applying to an intermediate agency. — vergi direct tax. bilavelet (/—..) obs. (dying) without issue, bilbedahe (/.—.) obs. extempore, extemporaneously.
                                                                        bilcümle (/..) obs. all: Bilcümle halk panayıra gitmişti. All the people had gone to the fair, bildik 1. known. 2. acquaintance. — çıkmak to turn out to have been formerly acquainted, bildirge 1. report (to a government, office). 2. tax report.
bildiri 1. announcement, notice, proclamation.
   2.  report, paper (read at a conference). 3. message, theme, subject (of a literary work).
   —   tahtası bulletin board.
bildirilmek /a/ 1. (for news) to be communicated to, be reported to, be made known to (s.o.). 2. to be expressed (to), be voiced (to); to be stated, bildirim 1. announcement, notice. 2. (written) notice, notification. — de bulunmak to announce something, bildirişim communication, bildirişme communication, communicating, bildirme /ı, a/ 1. informing (s.o.) of/about (s.t.); notifying (s.o.) of (s.t.); making (s.t.) known to (s.o.); announcing (s.t.) to (s.o.). 2. expressing (s.t.) to (s.o.). — cümlesi gram, declarative sentence. — kipleri gram, declarative verb forms. — tümcesi gram., see bildirme cümlesi, bildirmek /ı, a/ 1. to inform (s.o.) of/about (s.t.), communicate (s.t.) to (s.o.), report (s.t.) to (s.o.); to apprise (s.o.) of (s.t.); to notify (s.o.) of (s.t.); to make (s.t.) known to (s.o.); to let (s.t.) be known to (s.o.); to announce (s.t.) to (s.o.). 2. to express (s.t.) to, voice (s.t.) to; to state (s.t.) to. 3. to let (s.o.) know who one is: Bana kendini bildir! Tell me who you are! bildirmen reporter.
bile even: Feride bile gelemedi. Even Feride couldn’t come. Sağır sultanı bile dinlemedi. She didn’t even listen to the deaf sultan. Onu yapsan bile bir şey değişmez. Even if you do that it won’t change anything, bilecen know-it-all.
bilecenlik being a know-it-all; wisecracking, bileği whetstone, hone, grindstone. — çarkı circular grindstone, bileğici see bileyici, bileğicilik see bileyicilik, bileğitaşı, -m (../..) whetstone, bilek 1. wrist. 2. pastern (of an animal), —inde altm bileziği olmak /m/ to possess a profitable skill, be the possessor of a valuable skill. — bilek akmak to flow out in a strong stream. — gibi 1. abundant (hair). 2. (flowing) heavily, —ine güvenmek to trust to one’s fists, —inin hakkı ile by one’s own efforts, on one’s own, by one’s bootstraps.
   —   kuvveti the strength of one’s fists. —
    saati see kol saati, bileklik wrist supporter; elastic cuff, bilemek N to sharpen, whet, grind, bilenmek to be sharpened, be whetted, bilerek knowingly, on purpose, bileşek anat. commissure, bileşen chem. component, bileşik compound. — faiz fin. compound interest. — göz zool. compound eye. — kesir math, compound fraction. — salkım bot. panicle, compound raceme. — sözcük gram. compound word. — yaprak bot. compound leaf.
bileşikgiller bot. Compositae. bileşikleşmek to form into a compound, bileşim 1. chem. composition. 2. log. synthesis.
    3.    gram, combining two or more words to form one new word, bileşke chem. resultant, bileşme chem. combining, bileşmek chem. to combine, bileştirme compounding, uniting, bileştirmek /ı, la/ to compound, combine (s.t.) (with).
bilet, -ti ticket. — gişesi ticket window, box office; ticket booth, biletçi ticket seller, biletçilik occupation of a ticket seller, biletmek /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) whet (s.t.), have (s.o.) sharpen (s.t.); /i/ to have (s.t.) whetted, have (s.t.) sharpened, bileyici knife-grinder, bileyicilik knife-grinding, bilezik 1. bracelet. 2. metal ring. 3. slang handcuffs.
                                                                      bilfarz (/.) obs. if one supposes that; even if: Bilfarz gelse, seni korunmasız bırakmayız.
    Even if he comes, we won’t leave you unprotected.
bilfiil (/..) actually, really, in actual fact; actively, in deed, bilge learned; sagacious, wise, bilgelik learnedness; sagacity, wisdom, bilgi 1. knowledge. 2. information; data. — ağı comp. information network. — bankası comp, data bank. — çıkışı comp, information output. — edinmek to be informed; to obtain information. — erişim comp, information retrieval. — erişim dizgesi comp. information retrieval system. — girişi comp. information input. — işlem comp., see bilgiişlem. — kuramı epistemology. bilgici sophist, bilgicilik sophism, bilgiç 1. pedant. 2. pedantic, bilgiçlik pedantry. — taslamak to pass o.s. off as a scholar, bilgiişlem comp, data processing, information processing. — dizgesi data-processing system. — merkezi data-processing center, bilgili well-informed; learned, bilgilik encyclopedia, bilgililik learnedness, being learned.
bilgin
124
bilmek
bilgin scholar; scientist, bilginlik scholarliness.
bilgisayar computer. — ı açmak to boot the computer. — ağı computer network. — destekli öğretim computer-assisted instruction.
   —   destekli tasarım computer-aided design.
   —   destekli yönetim computer-aided management. — faresi mouse (of a computer).
   —   mühendisi 1. computer engineer. 2. computer scientist. — operatörü computer operator, operator of a computer. — programcısı computer programmer.
bilgisayarcı 1. computer programmer. 2. computer expert. 3. seller of computers, bilgisayarlı computerized. — tomografi med. computerized axial tomography, computed tomography, CAT scan, CT scanning, body scanning, bilgisayim information theory, bilgisiz 1. ignorant. 2. uninformed, bilgisizlik ignorance, bilhassa (/..) especially; particularly, bili phil. knowledge.
bili bili (./ ..) Here chick chick!/Chuck chuck!
   (said when calling chickens). bilici knowing, aware; omniscient, bilihtiyar (/..—) obs. willingly, of one’s own will, of one’s own volition, bililtizam (/..—) obs. knowingly, intentionally, bilim science. — adamı scientist, man of science.
bilimci 1. scientist. 2. phil. scientistic, marked by scientism, bilimcilik phil. scientism, bilimdışı (./..) unscientific, bilimeri, -ni (./..) scientist, bilimkurgu science fiction, bilimleştirme reduction to scientific order, bilimleştirmek hi to make (s.t.) scientific, bilimsel scientific; scholarly. — sosyalizm scientific socialism. — sunuşma symposium, bilimsellik being scientific, bilimsiz unscientific, bilimsizlik unscientific behavior, bilinç the conscious, —ine varmak Iml to comprehend.
bilinçaltı, -m (./..) the subconscious, bilinçdışı, -m (./..) the unconscious, bilinçlendirilme being made conscious, bilinçlendirilmek to be made conscious, bilinçlendirme making (s.o.) conscious (of s.t.). bilinçlendirmek hi to make (s.o.) conscious (of s.t.).
bilinçlenme becoming conscious, bilinçlenmek to become conscious, bilinçli conscious, bilinçlilik consciousness, bilinçsiz unconscious, bilinçsizlik unconsciousness, bilindik algebra known, bilinemez unknowable.
bilinemezci 1. (an) agnostic. 2. agnostic, agnos-tical.
bilinemezcilik agnosticism, bilinen 1. known. 2. algebra known. 3. algebra known quantity, known, bilinmedik (./..) algebra unknown, bilinmek to be known, bilinmeyen (./..) unknown, bilinmez 1. unknown. 2. unidentified, bilinmezlik being unknown, bilirkişi (./..) consultative authority, expert. — kurulu ad hoc committee. — raporu expert’s report, bilirkişilik expertise, bilisiz uninformed; ignorant, bilistifade (/..— .) obs. /dan/ profiting by, taking advantage of, availing o.s. of: Bu fırsattan bilistifade sefarete kapılandı. Profiting by this opportunity he got himself a job in the embassy, biliş acquaintance, friend, bilişim informatics. — ağı computer network, bilişmek to become mutually acquainted, biliştirak (/..—) obs. (doing s.t.) together, jointly, as partners, bilittifak (/..—) obs. 1. by working together, cooperatively. 2. as a united group. 3. unanimously.
bilkülliye (/...) obs. completely, wholly, entirely, totally, billah see billahi, billahi (/-—.) I swear to God! billahilazim (/—..—) obs. I swear to God Al-^ mighty!
billur crystal. — gibi 1. crystal clear (water/ voice). 2. very fair and pretty (neck/arms), billurcisim (./..) anat. crystalline lens, billuriye (.— ..) 1. cut-glass ware. 2. a sweet pastry.
billurlaşma crystallization, billurlaşmak to crystallize, become crystallized, billurlaştırmak hi to cause (s.t.) to crystallize, crystallize.
billurlu crystalline, composed of crystals, billursu crystalloid, bilmece riddle; word puzzle, bilmeden (/..) not knowing, unintentionally, bilmek, -ir 1. hi to know; to be informed of, be aware of; to understand. 2. hi to know, recognize. 3. hi to regard (s.o.) as: Onu düşman bildik. We regarded him as an enemy.
   4.  hi to hold (s.o.) :o be the accountable party: Senden başkasını bilmem. You’re the only one I hold accountable. 5. /i, dan/ to suspect that (s.o.) did (s.t.), think that (s.o.) is responsible for (s.t.): Her şeyi benden biliyorlar. They suspect me of everything, bilemedin/bilemediniz at most. Bilmemek ayıp değil, sormamak/öğrenmemek ayıp. proverb It’s not a shame not to know; what is bad is not asking, bile bile knowingly; on purpose, bile bile lades colloq. with full knowledge of the disadvantageous consequences. bildim bileli for a long time now. bilir bilmez half-knowing, with insufficient
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   knowledge, bilmezlikten gelmek to pretend ignorance, bildiğini okumak (bildiğinden kalmamak) to insist on having one’s own way. bildiğinden şaşmamak not to be deflected from one’s plan, not to listen to others. bildiğini yapmak to (ignore advice and) do it one’s own way. Bildiğini yedi mahalle bilmez, colloq. He’s/She’s very shrewd, bilmem hangi something or other, bilmem nasıl somehow or other. Bilmiş ol! colloq. Take note!/Hear this! bilmez (one) who does not know, ignorant, bilmezlemek /i/ to show up (s.o.’s) ignorance, bilmezlenmek /ı/ to pretend not to know; to play dumb.
bilmezlik ignorance, —ten gelmek to pretend ignorance.
bilmukabele (/.—..) 1. To you likewise ./Likewise to you ./The same to you.: Hasan: “Teşekkür ederim.” Ersan: “Bilmukabele.” Hasan: “Thank you.” Ersan: “The same to you.” 2. obs. in return, in reciprocation; in response, in reply, bilmünasebe (/.— ..) obs. at a suitable occasion, at the right moment, bilmünavebe (/.— ..) obs. by turns, alternately, in alternation; in shifts, bilmüşahede (/.—..) obs. as an eyewitness;
   from observation, by observation, bilseme curiosity.
bilumum (/..) all; all of the, all the: Bilumum içkilerin fiyatı iki milyon lira. The price of all drinks is two million liras. Bilumum mahalleliler hazır bulunuyordu. All the
                                                                       residents of the neighborhood were present, bilvasıta (/—..) obs. through an intermediary, using an intermediary; indirectly. — vergi indirect tax. bilvesile (/.— .) obs. profiting by the occasion, taking this opportunity, bilye ■(/.) 1. children’s game (a) marble. 2.
   ball of a ball bearing, bilyeli (/..) having a metal ball. — yatak ball bearing.
bilyon a thousand million, U.S. billion, bimana (— — —) obs. meaningless, bin thousand. —de per thousand. —lerce/
   —lerle thousands of. — atın varsa inişte in, bir atm varsa yokuşta bin. proverb Even if you have a thousand horses, dismount to go down a hill. By all means, ride a horse uphill even if you only have one horse. — beladan artakalmış having gone through many adventures. — bela ile with the greatest difficulty. — bilsen de bir bilene danış, proverb Even if you are sure, check with someone who knows. — bir a great many, all kinds of. — de bir scarcely, very rarely. — bir ayak bir ayak üstüne closely packed (crowd). — i bir paraya abundant, very many. — can ile with heart and soul. — dereden su getirmek to make all sorts of excuses. — dost az, bir düşman
   çok. proverb A thousand friends are too few; one enemy is too many. — işçi, bir başçı, proverb (A boss for a thousand workers.) For a project to be successful someone has to be in charge. — işit, bir söyle, proverb (Listen a thousand times and talk once.) Listen, then talk. — kat manifold; much. — nasihatten bir musibet yeğdir, proverb One disaster teaches more than a thousand warnings. — ölçüp bir biçmeli, proverb (One should measure a thousand times and cut once.) Check the length before you cut the cloth. — pişman olmak to be very sorry, regret greatly. — renge girmek to use a thousand subterfuges. — tarakta bezi olmak /m/ to have many projects going at once. — tasa bir borç ödemez, proverb (A thousand worries don’t pay off a single debt.) Worrying won’t pay debts, —in yarısı beş yüz. proverb (Half of a thousand is five hundred.) You don’t gain anything by thinking too hard. — yaşa! colloq. May you live a thousand years!/Long life to you! — yıl günahkâr, bir gün tövbekâr. proverb (A thousand years a sinner and one day a penitent.) Repentance makes up for many years of sin. bina (.—) 1. (a) building; edifice; structure, (a) construction: Yüksek binaları sevmez. He doesn’t like tall buildings. 2. building, constructing, erecting (a structure). 3. basing (a statement/a case) on (s.t.). 4. a branch of Arabic grammar which deals with the formation of verbs. 5. textbook which deals with the formation of Arabic verbs. — etmek 1. h! to build, construct, erect. 2. /i, a/ to base (a statement/a case) on. — okumak to study the formation of Arabic verbs. — vergisi tax on buildings, binaberin (.—.—) obs., see binaenaleyh, binaen (.—'.) /a/ obs. 1. based on (s.t.); relying on (s.t.): Bu delile binaen onu dava edebilirsin. With this evidence you can open a court case against him. 2. owing to, because of, on account of: Uçakla seyahat etmekten korktuğuna binaen Amerika’ya gitmekten vazgeçti. Owing to his fear of flying he gave up the idea of going to America. Bu sebebe binaen paramzi size henüz veremiyoruz. For this reason we can’t give you your money yet.
binaenaleyh (.—'...) for this reason, consequently, hence, thus, binamaz (—..) Islam, see beynamaz, binbaşı, -yı (/..) 1. army major. 2. navy commander. 3. air force squadron leader, binbaşılık mil. rank/duties of a major, binbirdelikotu, -nu (.../..) bot. St. John’s wort, Hypericum perforatum. bindallı 1. purple velvet embroidered with silver thread. 2. garment/covering made of purple velvet embroidered with silver thread, bindi support.
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bindirilmek /a/ 1. to be seen aboard; to be put into (a vehicle). 2. to be hit (in a collision), bindirilmiş kuvvetler motorized forces, bindirim increase (in price/wages), bindirimli including the increase, bindirme 1. /ı, a/ having/letting/helping (s.o.) mount (a horse, camel, etc.); having/letting/ helping (s.o.) get in (a car); having/letting/ helping (s.o.) get on (a bicycle, motorcycle, etc.); having/letting/helping (s.o.) board (a ship/a train/an airplane). 2. /i, a/ increasing the price of (s.t.) by (a specified amount). 3. overlapping, overlap (e.g. the overlapping of roof tiles). 4. superimposition. 5. arch, projection which rests on corbels, overhang, jetty. — kaplamalı naut. lapstrake, clinker -built. — kemer arch, corbel arch, false arch.
    —     limanı mil. port of embarkation. — rampası loading ramp. — taşı arch, springer, bindirmek 1. /ı, a/ to have/let/help (s.o.) mount (a horse, camel, etc.); to have/let/help (s.o.) get in (a car); to have/let/help (s.o.) get on (a bicycle, motorcycle, etc.); to have/let/help (s.o.) board (a ship/a train/an airplane); to have/let/help (s.o.) get on (a mobile thing such as a seesaw, swing, etc.); to put (s.o.) on (a mobile thing such as a seesaw, swing, etc.); to load (an animal) onto/into (a truck, trailer, etc.). 2. /i, a/ to add (s.t. unwanted) to: Vergi üstüne vergi bindirdiler. They imposed one tax after another. 3. /i, a/ to increase the price of (s.t.) by (a specified amount). 4. /a/ (for the front of a vehicle) to hit, strike, collide with (s.t.): Kamyon dolmuşa arkadan bindirdi. The truck hit the jitney from behind. 5. /i, a/ to cause (one thing) to overlap (another). 6. /i, a/ to superimpose (one thing) upon (another), bindirmeli arch, corbeled, bindirmelik arch, corbel, binefsihi (./..) obs. 1. phil. in itself; of itself. 2. by himself/herself, on his/her own, of his/ her own accord, without help from others, binek mount, animal used for riding. — arabası carriage/wagon drawn by animals. — atı saddle horse, binektaşı, -ni (./..) mounting block, biner a thousand each, bingi arch, pendentive.
bingözotu, -nu (/...) bot. scammony, Convolvulus scammonia. bini batten (attached to one of a pair of doors), binici rider; horseman; horsewoman, binicilik horsemanship, equestrianism. — okulu riding school, binilmek /a/ impersonal passive to mount (a horse, camel, etc.); to get in (a car); to get on (a bicycle, motorcycle, etc.); to board (a ship/a train/an airplane); to get on (a mobile thing such as a seesaw, swing, etc.). bininci thousandth.
biniş 1. style of horseback riding, riding style.
   2.  gown, robe (as worn by academicians).
binişmek (for one thing) to be on top of (another): Kırık kemiğin iki ucu binişti. The
   ends of the broken bone are lying on top of each other.
*binit, -ti prov. mount, saddle mount (an animal).
2binit, -ti prov. dough tray (a hollowed board on which bread dough is placed), binlik 1. a thousand-lira note/coin. 2. a three -liter wine bottle. — tespih string of a thousand prayer beads, binmek /a/ 1. to mount (a horse, camel, etc.); to get in (a car); to get on (a bicycle, motorcycle, etc.); to board (a ship/a train/ an airplane); to get on (a mobile thing such as a seesaw, swing, etc.); (for an animal) to enter (a truck, trailer, etc.). 2. to know how to ride (a horse, bicycle, motorcycle, etc.): Deveye iyi biner. He’s an accomplished rider of camels. 3. (for s.t. unwanted) to be added to. 4. (for a specified increase) to be made in the price of (s.t.): Muza yüzde yirmi bindi. The price of bananas has gone up by twenty percent, bindiği dalı kesmek to cut off the branch one is sitting on. binnefs (/.) obs., see binefsihi. binnetice (/.—.) obs. 1. as a result. 2. in the end.
binyaprak (/..) bot. milfoil, Achillea millefolium.
bipayan (-----------) obs. endless, limitless, un-
   bounded, inexhaustible; (s.t.) which is vast in area/extent, biperva (—.—) obs. 1. bold, fearless. 2. boldly, fearlessly.
bir 1. one (as a number): Bir beyaz manolya yedi pembe manolyaya bedeldir. One
   white magnolia is worth seven pink magnolias. 2. a, an; a certain, a particular: Bursa’da güzel bir evi var. She has a lovely house in Bursa. Dünkü partide bir kadını gördüm; kim olduğunu sen anlarsın. At yesterday’s party I saw a certain woman; you know who I mean. 3. the same: Emellerimiz bir. Our goals are the same. 4. united; of one mind, of the same opinion: Bu konuda biriz. We’re of one mind on this subject. 5. shared, used in common: Yatak odalarımız ayrı, banyomuz bir. We have separate bedrooms but share a bathroom. 6. only: Bir o bunu yapabilir. Only she can do this. Bunu bir sen, bir de ben biliyoruz. You and I are the only ones who know this.
   7.  used as an emphatic: O hayata bir alıştı ki sorma gitsin! He has really gotten accustomed to that way of life! Bir dene! Just try it! Birdenbire bir feryat! And suddenly there was such a yell! Ah, bir oraya gidebilsem! Ah, if I can just go there! 8. used to add a note of vagueness: Bir zamanlar Arnavutköy’de çilek yetiştirilirdi. There was a time when strawberries were grown in Arnavutköy. Sen bugün bir tu-
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hafsm. You don’t seem quite yourself today — abam var atarım, nerde olsa yatarım. colloq. (I have a cloak that I can spread; I can sleep anywhere.) It is all the same to me; I can stay anywhere. — adamın adı çıkacağına canı çıksın, proverb It is better for a person to die than to get a bad name. — ağaçta gül de biter, diken de. proverb You get roses and thorns on the same tree. — ağızdan in unison, with one voice. — ağızdan çıkan bir orduya (bin ağıza/bin dile) yayılır, proverb Anything you disclose to another person is sure to spread to a whole host of others. — alan pişman, bir almayan, colloq. It’s the sort of thing that looks good and attracts a lot of interest but is actually of very little use.
—   alay a great quantity, a large number.
—   âlem something else, really something, a wonder, amazing: Orası bir âlem! That’s one amazing place! Barış başlı başına bir âlem! Barış is a wonder in his own right!
—   an at one point: Bir an bir şey söyleyecek gibi oldu. At one point she looked like she was going to say something. — an önce/evvel as soon as possible. — anaya bir kız, bir kafaya bir göz. proverb (One daughter for a mother is like an eye for a head.) 1. A mother needs a daughter for companionship and help. 2. One daughter is enough, because of the worry of raising her and marrying her off. — ara 1. at one point, for a while, for a short period. 2. when one has a free moment, when one has a chance: Bir ara bana uğrayıver. Drop by when you have a free moment. — araba 1. a wagonload of; a truckload of. 2. colloq. a lot of, a slew of. — arada together. — aralık see bir ara. — araya gelmek 1. (for people) to come together (in the same place and at the same time). 2. (for events) to happen at the same time, coincide. — araya getirmek /ı/ to bring (people/things) together (in the same place and at the same time). — aşağı bir yukarı (to come and go) aimlessly. — atımlık barutu kalmak/olmak to be almost at the end of one’s resources, be almost at the end of one’s rope; to have played almost all of one’s cards; to have very little energy left. — avuç 1. a handful (of). 2. a handful (of), a very small number/amount (of). — avuç altının olacağına bir avuç toprağın olsun, proverb It is better to have a little land than a little cash. — ayağı çukurda olmak to have one foot in the grave.
—   ayak önce/evvel immediately, at once.
—   ayak üstünde bin yalan söylemek (— ayak üstünde kırk yalanın belini bükmek)
1. to tell a whole pack of lies at one go. 2. to be a big liar. — baba dokuz oğlu besler, dokuz oğul bir babayı besleyemez, proverb One father feeds nine sons; nine sons cannot feed one father. — bakıma in a way,
in one way, in one respect. — baltaya sap olmak to have a job, be employed. — bardak suda fırtına koparmak to raise a tempest in a teapot. — başına all alone, all by oneself. — baştan bir başa (traversing, looking at, surveying, filling a place) from one end to the other, from end to end. — baş soğan bir kazanı kokutur, proverb (It only takes one onion to ruin a pot of stew). It only takes one bad apple to spoil a whole barrel of apples. — ben, bir de Allah bilir, colloq. Only God knows what I’ve gone through. — e beş vermek to yield five times the seed, yield fivefold. — i bilmeyen bini hiç bilmez, proverb (A person who does not understand one will never see a thousand.) A person who does not show gratitude for small favors will never get large ones, —e bin katmak to exaggerate, make much of a trifle. •— bir one by one.
—   boy 1. once. 2. used as an emphatic: Bir boy gidelim, görelim. Let’s just go and see! — boyda of the same height. — bu eksikti, colloq. Nothing but this was lacking !/This was all that was needed! (said sarcastically). — cihetten in one way, in a way. — çala prov. for an instant. — çatı altında under the same roof, in the same building. — çekirdek geri kalmamak /dan/
1.  to run (s.o.) a close race, be a close match for (s.o.). 2. to strive hard to keep up with; to strive hard to equal/surpass. — çırpıda at one stretch, without interruption, at once. — çiçekle bahar/yaz olmaz/gelmez. proverb 1. Don’t make up your mind about someone or something on the basis of one particular observation: wait and see if similar instances occur and thus affirm the genuineness of that first observation. 2. One woman is just not enough! (said by/of a philanderer). — çift söz 1. a little advice, a piece of advice: Sana bir çift sözüm var.
I have a piece of advice for you. 2. a brief exchange of conversation: Öyle meşguldüm ki kendisiyle bir çift söz bile edemedim. I was so busy that I couldn’t have even a brief conversation with her.
—   çöplükte iki horoz ötmez, proverb Two cocks cannot crow on one dunghill. — çuval inciri berbat etmek to foul things up but good; to put one’s foot in it. — daha once more, again. Bunu bir daha yapalım. Let’s do this once more. Bir daha oraya asla gitmem. I won’t ever go there again.
—   daha yüzüne bakmamak /m/ not to have anything to do with (s.o.) anymore, never to speak to (s.o.) again. — dalda durmamak to be fickle, change constantly.
—   damla 1. very little. 2. very small (child).
—   de 1. as well as, and also, and: Mahir, Tahir, bir de Nadir takıma alındı. Mahir and Tahir and also Nadir have made the team. 2. in addition, moreover, also, as well,
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furthermore, besides that: Bir de özür dilemelisin. You also ought to apologize. Bir de tıraş olmamışsın! Moreover you haven’t shaved! — de ne göreyim? And what did I see?/And what should I see? (used to express one’s surprise): Bir de ne göreyim? Karim kasadan para alıp bir torbaya koyuyordu! And what did I see? My wife was taking money from the safe and putting it into a bag! — dediği bir dediğini tutmamak to contradict o.s. — dediğini iki etmemek /in/ to do everything (another person) asks for, fulfill every wish (of). — defa 1. once, one time: Onu ancak bir defa gördüm. I only saw her once. 2. for one thing: Onu alma; bir defa çirkin, ayrıca pahalı. Don’t buy it. For one thing it’s ugly; for another it’s expensive. 3. used to emphasize a sentence which follows: Bir defa kendisiyle görüş, sonra konuşalım. Just see him and then we’ll talk. 4. used at the conclusion of a sentence which describes a fait accompli: Bunu bozduk bir defa, artık iflah olmaz. We’ve broken this and it’s now beyond repair. — defada at one go, at one whack, in one go, in one whack. — defalık
1.  enough (of s.t.) for one use: Sadece bir defalık kahvemiz kaldı. We’ve only enough coffee for one brewing. 2. (s.t.) which can be used only once: Bu izin bir defalık. You can only take this leave once. — deli bir kuyuya taş atmış, kırk akıllı çıkaramamış. proverb One fool threw a stone into a well; forty wise men could not get it out.
—   derece to a certain degree. — dereceli seçim direct election. — deri bir kemik very thin, just skin and bones. — dikili ağacı olmamak not to own land or a house. — dikişte içmek /ı/ to drink in one draft. — dirhem a very little; a thimbleful of; a smidgen of. — dirhem bal için bir çeki keçiboynuzu çiğnemek to work hard and get little. — dirhem et bin ayıp örter. proverb (One ounce of fat covers a thousand defects.) A little fat improves a person’s looks. — dokun bin ah işit/dinle kâse-i fağfurdan, colloq. Sometimes it only takes one word to get somebody to start pouring out his/her troubles. — dolu a lot of. — don bir gömlek 1. half-naked, in a half-naked state. 2. (left) with practically nothing but the shirt on one’s back. — dostluk kaldı! I have just enough left for one last customer (salesman’s spiel). — dönüm güzlük on dönüm yazlığa bedeldir, proverb An acre sown in the fall is worth ten sown in the summer. — dudağı yerde, bir dudağı gökte terrifyingly ugly. — düşünce almak /ı/ to get worried. — düziye continuously, incessantly. — el one shot (of gunfire). — elini bırakıp ötekini öpmek /in/ to make an excessive show of respect to; to lay it on thick. — elden idare edilmek to be under
one administration. — elin nesi var, iki elin sesi var. (— elin sesi çıkmaz.) proverb (Two hands can clap, but what can one hand do?) It takes more than one person. — elinin verdiğini öbür elin duymasm/görmesin. proverb One should keep quiet about any help one has given. — elle verdiğini öbür elle almak to give something with one hand and take it back with the other. — eli yağda, bir eli balda olmak 1. to want for nothing, be living in clover, be materially well-off. 2. to have very good resources at one’s disposal. — elmanın yarısı o, yarısı bu. colloq. They are as like as two peas in a pod. —i eşikte, biri beşikte. They’re still quite small (said of s.o.’s children). — ev donanır, bir kız donanmaz, proverb You can furnish a house easier than you can outfit a bride. — eyyam for a while. — fincan kahvenin kırk yıl hatırı vardır. proverb (The memory of a cup of coffee lasts forty years.) One should remember even small kindnesses. — fit bin büyü yerini tutar, proverb A single provocation will break up a friendship faster than a thousand spells. — gelmek to come out even. — gemi donanır, bir çıplak donanmaz. proverb, see Bir ev donanır, bir kız donanmaz. — getirmek /ı/ to bring out even. — gömlek aşağı olmak /dan/ not to be far behind, be only a little behind (s.o.) (in s.t.). — gömlekten baş çıkarmak to join hands, cooperate. — gömlek fazla eskitmiş olmak /dan/ to be a bit more experienced than. — gömlek üstün olmak /dan/ not to be far ahead of, be only a little ahead of (s.o.) (in s.t.). — görmek fıf to regard as equal, not to discriminate. — görüş, bir kör biliş, proverb You can’t learn the true nature of a thing by looking at it only once.
—  göz gülmek to have mixed feelings. — gözü kör, bir kulağı sağır etmek to pretend that one hasn’t seen and heard some things. — gün one day; some day. — günün beyliği beylik, proverb (A prince for a day is still a prince.) It is better to enjoy oneself for one day than not at all. — gün evvel as soon as possible. — güzel thoroughly: Kendisini bir güzel dövdüm. I gave him a good beating. — hal olmak 1. to be fed up to the back teeth. 2. /a/ to begin to behave strangely, start to act funny: Ona bir hal oldu. He’s started acting funny.
3. /a/ for something to happen to (s.o.), die: Bana bir hal olursa hayvanlarıma bakar mısın? If something happens to me, will you look after my animals? — hayli very; a lot. — hoş olmak 1. to act strange, not to be oneself. 2. to be dumbfounded. — içim su a very pretty woman, a beauty, a knockout. — içim suya gitmek to sell very cheaply. — iki one or two, very few. — iki demeden at once; quickly, without hesi-
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tating. — iki derken then all of a sudden; suddenly. — inat, bir murat, proverb Stubbornness is rewarded. — ipte iki cambaz oynamaz, proverb (Two acrobats can’t walk on one tightrope.) Two tricksters can’t swindle each other. — kafada of the same opinion. — kalemde in one go. — kapıya çıkmak to come to the same thing.
—   kararda (— karar üzerine) unvaryingly, in the same state. — kararda bir Allah. proverb Only God is not subject to change. — karış very short; very few. — kaşık suda boğmak hi to be ready to kill on the slightest pretext. — kat daha twice as much; still more. — kazanda kaynamak to get along well. — kere see bir defa. — kerecik just once. — kez once, one time. — kıyamettir gitti, colloq. There was a terrific uproar. — kızı bin kişi ister, bir kişi alır, proverb Everybody wants a girl but only one gets her. — koltuğa iki karpuz sığmaz, proverb (You can’t hold two watermelons under one arm.) You can’t do two things at once. — korkak bir orduyu bozar, proverb One coward can spoil the morale of an army. — koşu at one stretch, quickly. — koyundan iki post çıkmaz. proverb One cannot get two hides out of one sheep. — kör oğlu, bir ayvaz just husband and wife living together. — köşeye atmak h! to save (s.t.) for a rainy day. — kötünün yedi mahalleye zararı var. proverb One bad person harms seven districts. — kulağından girip öbüründen çıkmak to go in one ear and out the other.
—   lokma, bir hırka 1. very little (in the way of worldly goods): Bir lokma, bir hırkaya razıyım. I’m content with very little.
2.  (living) on very little: Bir lokma, bir hırka geçinip gidiyoruz. We get by on very little. — mıh bir nal kurtarır, bir nal bir at kurtarır, proverb (A nail saves a horseshoe; a horseshoe saves a horse.) A small task may be part of the preparation for an important outcome. — miktar a little, some. — misli artmak to double. — nebze a little bit. — nefeste all at one time, without stopping. — nefeslik cam kalmış. colloq. He/She looks wretched ./He/She is worn out. — nice a good many. — numaralı number-one; most important, foremost; best, ace. — o kadar the same amount. —
o yana, bir bu yana first one way and then another. — oldu ama pir oldu, colloq. It has happened only once, but properly. — olmak to join forces, unite. — örnek 1. alike, the same, identical, uniform. 2. alike, in the same way. — paralık etmek hi to disgrace. — parça 1. a little, a bit; a moment. 2. one piece of (s.t.). — parmak bal olmak to become a subject of gossip. — pul etmemek to be worthless. — saymak hi see bir tutmak. — sıçrarsın çekirge, iki
sıçrarsın çekirge, üçüncüde ele geçersin çekirge, proverb (You may jump once, grasshopper; you may jump twice, but at the third jump you will be caught.) You can’t always trust to luck. — sıkımlık cam olmak to be very frail. — solukta 1. at one go, in one go; in one bound, at a bound.
2.  very quickly, very fast. — su yıkamak hi to give (clothes, etc.) one washing. — sürçen atm başı kesilmez, proverb (They do not behead a horse for one stumble.) You don’t get rid of somebody on account of one mistake. — sürü a whole lot of, a great many. — şey something. —■ şeyler something or other. — şeye benzememek (for s.t.) not to amount to very much, not to be good. — şey değil, colloq. Don’t mention it ./You’re welcome. — şey olmak /a/ for something to happen to (s.o.), die.
—   şeyler olmak /a/ 1. to begin to act differently, begin to change one’s tune. 2. to feel faint, feel as if one is going to faint.
3.  to feel funny, not to feel quite right. — şey sanmak III to think highly of, regard (s.o./s.t.) with respect (only to be disappointed later). — şeye yaramaz good-for -nothing. — tahtada at once, at one effort.
—   tahtası eksik colloq. (s.o.) whose mind is not quite right, who has a screw loose, who’s not all there. — tane 1. greatly cherished friend, bosom friend, best friend.
2. greatly cherished animal/thing. — tanem my love, my beloved (used as a term of endearment). — tarafa bırakmak/koymak hi to leave (a topic) (for the time being); not to take (s.t.) into consideration. — taşla iki kuş vurmak to kill two birds with one stone. — tek 1. only: Eda, Selda’nm bir tek kızı. Eda is Selda’s only daughter. 2. only one: Bir tek kopyam kaldı. I’ve only one copy left. — tek atmak colloq. to have a shot of (an alcoholic drink); to have a shot apiece (of an alcoholic drink): Buranın rakısı güzel; bir tek atalım. This place has good raki; let’s have a shot apiece. — temiz colloq. thoroughly, good and proper.
—   tepe yıkılır, bir dere dolar, proverb (When a hilltop falls a valley is filled in.) Nothing is lost; what one loses another gains. — torba kemik colloq. (a) bag of bones. — tuhaf strange, funny, not right: Sen bugün bir tuhafsın. You’re not yourself today. Bu çalının yaprakları bir tuhaf. There’s something wrong with this bush’s leaves. — tutmak III to regard (people/animals) as equal, not to discriminate between (people/animals). — türlü 1. somehow, in one way or another. 2. (with a negative verb) not at all, definitely not. 3. (after a conditional clause) just as bad: Gitsem bir türlü, gitmesem bir türlü. It’s bad whether I go or not. — uçtan bir uca see bir baştan bir başa. — vakit/vakitler at one
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    time. — varmış, bir yokmuş .... (at the beginning of a fairy tale) Once upon a time ....
    —  varmış, bir yokmuş. 1. “Life’s but a walking shadow.” (Shakespeare) (said of s.o. whose death was unexpected). 2. Nothing’s permanent in this world (said when s.t. has been irretrievably lost/destroyed). — yakadan baş çıkarmak (for people) to live together harmoniously. — yana apart from, other than: Pertev Paşa bir yana, kimse bu ayvayı benim kadar takdir edemez. No one apart from Pertev Pasha can appreciate this quince as much as I do. — yana bırakmak /ı/ see bir tarafa bırakmak.
    —  yandan/yanda ... bir yandan/yanda ... on the one hand ... and on the other hand ...; both ... and ...: Bir yandan hekim olmaktan bahsediyorsun, bir yandan ressam olmak istediğini söylüyorsun. On the one hand you’re talking about being a doctor; on the other you’re saying you want to be a painter. — yandan da (— yanda da) also, at the same time: Mektup yazarken bir yandan da müzik dinliyordu. While writing letters she was also listening to music. (...) — yana, dünya bir yana. I wouldn’t part with or trade (him/her/it) for the world.: O yenidünya bir yana, dünya bir yana. I wouldn’t trade that loquat for the world. — yastığa baş koymak to be husband and wife. — yastıkta kocamak (for husband and wife) to have a long life together. — yaşıma daha girdim, colloq. (So now I’m a year older!) I am very much surprised; we live and learn. — yemem diyenden kork, bir oturmam diyenden. proverb Beware of the person who won’t eat or won’t sit down. — yere getirmek /ı/ to gather (people/things) together in one place. — yığın a great many, a whole heap of. — yiyip bin şükretmek to be very thankful. — yol see bir defa. — yolunu bulmak Iml to find a way to do (s.t.). — yola çıkmak to come to the same thing. — yol tutturmak to pursue one’s course of life.
    —  zaman/zamanlar at one time.
bira (/.) beer. — fabrikası brewery. — mayası barm, yeast.
biracı (/..) 1. brewer. 2. seller of beer. 3. person who likes to drink beer, beer drinker.
    4. (s.o.) who likes to drink beer, beer -drinking.
biracılık (/...) 1. being a brewer; brewing beer.
    2. being a seller of beer; selling beer.
birader (.—.) 1. brother (i.e. one’s sibling). 2. brother (a friendly form of address): A birader, bir bilseydin! Ah, brother, if you’d but known! 3. Brother (a form of address used among Freemasons).
birahane (..— .) beer hall; rathskeller; Brit. beerhouse; Brit. pub.
biraz (/.) a little, some.
birazcık (/..) a little bit.
birazdan (/..) soon, in a little while; a little later.
birbiri, -ni each other. — nin ağzına tükürmek to agree in advance to say the same thing (in order to conceal s.t.). — ardınca one after the other. — ne düşmek to have a falling-out, fall out with each other, start quarreling. — ne düşürmek lit to set (people) quarreling/fighting. — ne girmek 1. to start (physically) fighting each other, fall upon each other, lay into each other, light into each other. 2. to quarrel bitterly, rip into each other. 3. to crash into each other.
   4.     to intermingle, become intermingled. 5. to become entangled, —nin gözünü oymak/çıkarmak to quarrel bitterly, tear into each other, tear each other to pieces; to fight (physically), lay into each other. — ni takip eden successive. — ni tutmamak (for words/actions) to be contradictory. — ni yemek 1. to quarrel bitterly, tear each other apart. 2. to try to harm each other, plot against each other, do each other dirt, birci 1. (a) monist. 2. monistic, monistical. bircilik monism, bircinsten (/..) homogeneous, birçenekli (/...) bot. monocotyledonous. birçenekliler (/....) bot. Monocotyledoneae. birçoğu, -nu (/..) many of them, a lot of them, birçok (/.) many, a lot of: Birçok kişi geldi.
   A lot of people came, birden (/.) 1. at once, suddenly; 2. at a time, in one lot. birdenbire (./..) suddenly, birdirbir children’s game leapfrog, birebir (./.) most efficacious (remedy), birer one each, one apiece. — birer singly, one by one. — ikişer one or two each, bireşim synthesis, bireşimli synthetic, synthesized, bireşimsel synthetic, synthetical, birevcikli (/...) bot. monoecious, birey (an) individual.
bireyci 1. (an) individualist. 2. individualistic, individualist, bireycilik individualism, bireyleşme individuation, individualization, bireyleşmek to be individualized, bireyleştirmek /ı/ to individualize, bireylik individuality, bireyoluş (./..) ontogeny, bireysel individual, pertaining to an individual, bireysellik individualism, bireyüstü (./..) superindividual, birgözeli (/...) 1. zool. protozoan, protozoal, unicellular. 2. bot. protophytic, unicellular, birgözeliler (/....) 1. zool. Protozoa. 2. bot.
   Protophyta. birhücreli (/...) see birgözeli. birhücreliler (/....) see birgözeliler. biri, -ni 1. one of them. 2. someone. —leri some people; certain people. —nden biri one of them. — yer biri bakar, kıyamet
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   ondan kopar, proverb All conflicts can be traced back to a quarrel between the haves and the have-nots, biricik (/..) unique, the only, biriki reserve.
                                    birikici cumulative. — etki cumulative effect, birikim 1. accumulation, buildup, aggregation.
   2.     the depositing of alluvium, birikimlik depot, water depot.
birikinti accumulation. — konisi geol. detritus heap.
birikişine biol. agglutination, birikme accumulation; gathering, collecting; amassing. — havzası geog. catchment area, catchment basin, birikmek to accumulate; to gather, assemble, collect; to amass, biriktirici 1. flush tank (of a toilet). 2. grease trap.
                                    biriktirmek /i/ 1. to accumulate; to gather, assemble, collect; to amass. 2. to collect (things): Pul biriktiriyor. She collects stamps. 3. to save (money), birim unit, —ler bölüğü math, the units, tens, and hundreds places (in a large number), birincasıf bot. wormwood, Artemisia. birinci 1. first, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is first in a countable series: birinci hafta the first week. 2. first, in the first place: Koşuda birinci geldi. She came in first in the race.
   3.  first quality. — çağ geol. the Paleozoic era, the Paleozoic. B— Dünya Savaşı the First World War, World War I. — elden (buying s.t.) new (as opposed to [buying 5\/.] used). — gelmek to come first (in a competition). — hamur kâğıt best quality paper.
   —   kişi gram, the first person. — mevki see birinci sınıf. — olmak to be first. — planda olmak to have highest priority. — sınıf 1. first-class. 2. first-class section (in a boat/a train/an airplane). — şahıs gram., see birinci kişi.
birincil primary.
                                     birincilik first rank, first place, championship.
birincizar (../.) bot. epicarp, exocarp.
birkaç, -çı a few, some, several.
birleme union, uniting.
birlemek /ı/ to unite.
birlenmek to be united.
birleşen geom. concurrent.
                                    birleşik united. — ad gram., see birleşik isim.
   —   belirteç gram, compound adverb. — ey-lem/fiil gram, compound verb. — isim gram. compound noun. — meyve compound fruit.
   —   oturum joint meeting. — sıfat gram. compound adjective. — sözcük grair. compound word. — tümce gram, compound sentence. — yaprak bot. compound leaf. — za-
   ^ man gram, compound tense.
Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, -ni the United Arab Emirates, birleşilmek impersonal passive 1. to unite, become united * join; to conjoin; to merge;
   to coalesce; /la/ to join with, unite with. 2. to join, meet (in a specified place). 3. /la/ to agree with. 4. to come together in sexual union, copulate, engage in coitus, couple, birleşim 1. union, junction; conjunction; merger; coalescence. 2. agreement, agreeing. 3. chem. combination; association. 4. session, sitting.
   5.     sexual union, copulation, coitus, coupling, birleşke cooperative (organization), birleşkeci advocate of cooperatives, birleşkecilik the cooperative movement, birleşme 1. union, joining, jointure, junction, juncture; conjunction; merger; coalescence; /la/ joining with. 2. joining, meeting (in a specified place). 3. agreement, agreeing. 4. chem. combination; association. 5. sexual union, copulation, coitus, coupling. — değeri chem. valence, birleşmek 1. to unite, become united, join; to conjoin; to merge; to coalesce; /la/ to join with, unite with. 2. to join, meet (in a specified place). 3. to be joined together (by clasping, etc.). 4. /la/ to agree (with). 5. /la/ chem. to combine (with); to associate (with). 6. to come together in sexual union, copulate, engage in coitus, couple. Birleşmiş Milletler the United Nations, birleştirici uniting, unifying, birleştirmek III 1. to unite, join (people/things) together. 2. chem. to combine; to associate.
   3.     to cause (people/animals) to come together in sexual union, birli playing cards ace.
birlik 1. unity, oneness; accord. 2. sameness; identity; equality; similarity. 3. union; association; corporation; mil. unit. 4. one lira piece. — olmak to agree (on a plan of action).
birlikte 1. together; with each other; as a body; /la/ together with, along with, with.
   2.     /la/ (used with an infinitive) although: Bilgi dağarcığında bazı eksiklikler bulunmakla birlikte bu alanda rakipsiz. Although his knowledge is deficient in some areas, he is unrivaled in this field, birliktelik 1. unity, cooperation. 2. union, alliance, association, birlikteş federated.
Birina (/.) see Birmanya.
Birman 1. (a) Burmese, (a) Burman. 2. Burmese, Burman, pertaining to Burma. — dili Burmese, the Burmese language.
Birmanca (./.) 1. Burmese, the Burmese language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Burmese, Burmese. 3. Burmese (speech/writing); spoken in Burmese; written in Burmese. Birmanya (./.) 1. Burma. 2. Burma, Burmese, of Burma.
birmanyakedisi, -ni (./....) Burmese cat. birörnek (/..) alike, the same, identical, uniform.
birsam obs. hallucination.
birtakım (/..) some, a certain number of.
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birterimli (/...) math, monomial, biryantin see briyantin, bisiklet, -ti bicycle, bisküvi biscuit, cracker, cookie, bisküvit, -ti see bisküvi, bismillah Islam 1. in the name of God! (said prayerfully by a Muslim as he/she embarks on some activity). 2. Good God! (said in fright!amazement). —- demek colloq. to begin, get going. — etmek colloq. to begin in earnest, really to get going, bismillahirrahmanirrahim                      Islam
    in the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful, bistro (/.) bistro, bistrot. bisturi surg. lancet.
‘bit, -ti 1. zool. louse, Pediculus. 2. louse, parasite on plants/animals, —i kanlanmak slang to get rich. — sirkesi nit.
2bit, -ti comp. bit. bitafsil (/.—) obs. in detail.
bitakat (------.) obs. drained of strength, lacking
    in physical vigor, enervated, bitap (—.) very tired, exhausted, drained, spent, worn-out. — düşmek to be exhausted, be drained, bitaraf (—..) 1. pol. neutral. 2. impartial.
bitaraflaştırmak (—.......) /il pol. to neutralize.
bitaraflık (—...) 1. pol. neutrality. 2. impartiality, bitek fertile.
bitelge fertility (of the soil).
biter see bitter.
bitevi (/..) see biteviye.
biteviye (/...) continuously, incessantly.
biteviyelik (/....) continuousness; monotony.
bitey bot. flora.
bitik 1. exhausted, finished, beat, drained. 2. bad, terrible. 3. /a/ colloq. head over heels in love with, bitiklik exhaustion, being finished/beat/drained, bitim ending, end. bitimli finite, bitimsiz infinite.
bitirilmek to be finished, be completed, be ended, be terminated, bitirim slang 1. very likeable, smashing (person). 2. very pleasant, smashing (thing). 3. very clever. 4. practical, seasoned, adept. 5. gambling joint, gambling den. 6. gangster; (a) tough; (a) bad egg. — yeri gambling joint, gambling den. bitirimci slang 1. owner/manager of a gambling joint. 2. gambler, bitirme completion. — araştırması thesis. — belgesi certificate (showing the completion of a course). — eylemi gram, perfect verb form.
bitirmek /ı/ 1. to fmisV complete, end, terminate. 2. to tire (s.o./an animal) out, wear (s.o./an animal) out, do (s.o./an animal) in.
    3. to wreck (s.o.’s) health, make a wreck of.
    4. to kill, finish (s.o.), do (s.o.) in. 5. to
   please (s.o.) greatly, wow. bitirmelik certificate (showing the completion of a course), bitirmiş slang very clever (person), bitiş end, finish. — valörü banking ending date, final-value date, due date, bitişik 1. adjacent, adjoining, neighboring, next; contiguous. 2. (things) which are attached to each other, which have grown together: bitişik ikizler Siamese twins. 3. next-door neighbor; the house next door: O kız bitişikte oturuyor. That girl lives next door. — çanakyapraklı bot. gamosepalous. — nizam (building) that has no space between- it and the buildings on either side of it. — nizam olmayan detached (building). — taçyapraklı bot. gamopetalous. bitişiklik 1. adjacency, contiguity. 2. attachment, being attached, bitişken agglutinative. — dil agglutinative language, bitişkenlik agglutination, bitişmek to come together, join, bitiştirmek /ı/ to put (things) side by side or together, join (things) (so that there is no interval between them), bitki plant. — bitleri zool. Aphidoidea. — örtüsü plant cover, vegetation. — sütü milky plant juice, bitkibilim (./..) botany, bitkibilimci (./...) botanist, bitkicil herbivorous.
bitkimsi plantlike, phytoid. — hayvanlar zool. Phytozoa.
bitkin exhausted, worn-out. — düşmek to collapse from exhaustion, bitkinlik exhaustion.
bitkisel vegetable, vegetal. — hayat see bitkisel yaşam. — örtü see bitki örtüsü. — yaşam life without consciousness, vegetable existence.
                                                                       bitlemek 1. /ı/ to pick the lice off, delouse, louse. 2. slang to pick a quarrel, pick a fight, bitlenmek 1. to get infested with lice. 2. to pick the lice off o.s., delouse o.s., louse o.s.
   3. slang to get some money, come by some money.
bitli 1. infested with lice, louse-infested, lousy.
   2. slang almost penniless, almost broke; penniless, broke. — baklanın kör alıcısı olur, proverb (Wormy beans find a blind buyer.) Even junk finds a buyer. — kokuş colloq. woman who is dirty and slovenly in her appearance, (a) slattern.
!bitmek 1. to end, finish, come to an end. 2. to be used up, be consumed. 3. to be exhausted, be finished, be beat. 4. (for s.o.) to be a (physical) wreck. 5. /a/ to be madly in love with; to be crazy about. — tükenmek bilmemek to be endless; to be boundless, be unlimited; to be unceasing, be interminable. bitmez tükenmez endless; boundless, unlimited; unceasing, interminable.
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2bitmek 1. (for seeds/shoots/plants/a beard/ feathers) to sprout; (for teeth) to appear. 2. slang (for s.o.) suddenly to appear, crop up. bitnik beatnik.
bitotu, -nu (/..) bot. lousewort, Pedicularis. bitpazarı, -ni (/...) flea market, bittabi (/.—) obs. naturally, of course, bittamam (/.—) obs. completely, fully, wholly; all of ...: Onları bittamam lağvedeceğiz. We’re going to do away with all of them, bitter (/.) 1. bitters (alcoholic drink made with substances bitter in taste). 2. bitter beer, bitter. 3. bitter, bitter in taste: bitter çikolata bitter chocolate, bittim bitumen.
bitümlemek /ı/ to bituminize, bitumenize. bitümlü bituminous. — kömür bituminous coal. — şist bituminous shale, bityeniği, -ni (/...) doubtful point, tender spot, hidden blemish, bivefa (—.—) obs. 1. faithless, unfaithful; disloyal. 2. (s.o.) who is not to be trusted, bivukuf (—.—) obs. lacking in knowledge, unknowing, ignorant, biye tailor, bias tape, biyel mech. tie rod, pushrod, crank arm. biyocoğrafya (/....) biogeography, biyoelektrik (/...) bioelectricity, biyofizik (.'...) biophysics, biyograf biographer, biyografi biography, biyografik biographical, biographic, biyografya see biyografi, biyojeografi (/.....) biogeography, biyokatalizör (/.....) biocatalyst, biyokimya (/..—) biochemistry, biyolog biologist, biyoloji biology.
biyolojik biological, biologic. — denge biological balance. — savaş biological warfare.
biyometeoroloji (/........) biometeorology.
biyonik 1. bionic. 2. bionics.
biyopsi biopsy. — yapmak to do a biopsy.
biyosfer biosphere.
biyoşimi see biyokimya.
biyotit, -ti geol. biotite.
Jbiz we. —ler we. — bize by ourselves, without any strangers in our midst.
2biz awl.
Bizans (/.) 1. Byzantium. 2. Byzantine, Byzan-tian, of Byzantium.
Bizansli (/..) 1. (a) Byzantine. 2. Byzantine (person).
bizar (-------) /dan/ obs. weary of, fed up with,
   sick of. — etmek /ı, dan/ to make (s.o.) weary of, make (s.o.) fed up with, bizatihi (.—'..) obs. 1. phil. intrinsically, in itself, of itself; in himself/herself. 2. by himself/herself, on his/her own, of his/her own accord, bizce (/.) according to us, in our opinion, as far as we are concerned, bizim our; ours. — için for us.
bizimki, -ni ours, that which belongs to us. bizlemek /ı/ 1. to pierce (s.t.) with an awl, make holes in (s.t.) with an awl. 2. prov. to poke/ prod (s.o./an animal) with a pointed stick, bizmut, -tu chem. bismuth. — kaymağı bismuth nitrate, bizmutizm path, bismuthism, bismuthosis. bizon zool. bison, buffalo, Bison. bizzarure (/.—.) obs. by necessity, bizzat (/.) 1. in person: Bizzat geldi. He came in person. 2. on his/her own, without help from others: Mektubu bizzat yazdı. He wrote the letter himself, bkz. (abbr. for bakınız) see; cf. (compare), blastula (./.) biol. blastula. blenoraji path, blennorrhea, blok, -ku 1. apartment building, building (one of a series of buildings which together make up a housing or office development). 2. city block, block (an area of land bounded by streets): İkinci bloktan sonra sağa dön. Turn right at the second block. 3. block (of marble, etc.). 4. pol. bloc (of states): Doğu Bloku the Eastern bloc. 5. basketball body block.
blokaj 1. com. blocking (funds); stopping (a check). 2. elec. blocking (of current). 3. slamming on (brakes). 4. basketball blocking (an opponent) with one’s body. 5. soccer (a goalie’s) stopping (the ball). 6. rubblework, rubble masonry. 7. rubble, rubble walling (used to fill in a wall). 8. putting the rubble in a wall.
bloke used in: — edilmiş hesap banking blocked account. — etmek /ı/ 1. com. to block (funds); to stop (a check). 2. basketball to block (an opponent) with one’s body.
    3.    soccer (for a goalie) to stop (the ball), bloklaşmak (for states) to form a bloc, bloknot, -tu memo pad, note pad. blöf bluff. — yapmak to bluff, blucin (—.) blue jeans, jeans, blum a card game, bluz blouse.
BM (abbr. for Birleşmiş Milletler) UN (the United Nations).
Bn. (abbr. for Bayan) Mrs.; Miss; Ms.
Bnb. (abbr. for Binbaşı) Maj. (Major), boa 1. zool. boa, Boa constrictor. 2. boa (of feathers/fur), boagiller zool. Boidae.
bobin bobbin, spool; coil. — kâğıdı paper in rolls.
bobinaj elec., text, winding, bobstil see bopstil.
boca (/.) naut. 1. leeward, to leeward, alee. 2. the lee side, leeward, the direction that is away from the wind. — alabanda, naut. Turn the helm to the lee. — etmek 1. naut. to bear away to leeward. 2. /i/ naut. to turn (a ship) to leeward. 3. hi colloq. to turn (a container) upside down in order to empty it of its contents, dump, dump out.
bocalama
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boğdurmak
bocalama not being sure of what one should do, going first one way and then another; acting undecisively; shilly-shally, backing and filling.
bocalamak 1. not to be sure of what one should do, go first one way and then another; to act undecisively, shilly-shally, back and fill. 2. naut. to bear away to leeward. 3. naut. to veer.
boci hand truck, truck. — arabası see boci, ‘bocuk prov. pig, hog.
2bocuk obs. the Orthodox Christmas, bocurgat, -ti capstan.
bodoslama 1. naut. sternpost. 2. slang nose.
    —dan slang from the front.
Bodrum (/.) Bodrum (the ancient Halicarnassus).
bodrum subterranean vault, dungeon, cellar.
    —     gibi cellarlike, dark and cramped. — katı basement. — palas colloq. basement, boduç prov. wooden pitcher, bodur short, squat; dwarf. — tavuk her gün/ dem piliç, proverb (A dwarf hen is always a pullet.) 1. Small people always look young. 2. People of limited ability can’t rise to high positions, bodurçapak (./..) zool. white bream, Blicca bjoerkna.
bodurlaşmak to become short/dwarf/low/squat, bodurluk shortness.
bodurmeşe (./..) bot. British oak, red oak, Quercus robur. bodurpas (./.) bot. barley rust, Puccinia horclei. bodursöğüt (./..) bot. dwarf willow, Salix her-bacea.
Boğa astrol. Taurus.
boğa zool. bull (male bovine). — dövüşü see boğa güreşi. — gibi muscular, well-developed (young man). — güreşçisi toreador. — güreşi bullfight, boğada the process of soaking laundry in lye leached from wood ashes, boğadikeni, -ni (./...) bot. milk thistle, lady’s thistle, Silybum marianum. boğak prov. sore throat, boğalık breeding bull, boğanak prov. shower (of rain), boğanotu, -nu (./..) bot. aconite, monkshood, Aconitum napellus. boğasamak (for a cow) to come into heat, bull, boğası twilled cotton used for linings, boğayaprağı, -m (./...) bot. fleawort, Plantago psyllium.
Boğaz see Boğaziçi.
boğaz 1. throat; gullet, esophagus. 2. neck (of a bottle). 3. geog. mountain pass. 4. geog. strait, narrows. 5. supplying food, feeding.
   6.  a mouth to feed. 7. eating and drinking.
   8.  appetite. — ı açılmak to develop an appetite. — açmak to break up the ground around a tree. — ağrısı sore throat, —mdan artırmak to save money by economizing on food, —mda bırakmak hi to make (food)
   stick in one’s throat, spoil (one’s enjoyment).
   —   boğaza gelmek to be at one another’s throats, have a violent quarrel, —mı çıkarmak to earn just enough for one’s food. — derdi the problem of earning a living. — ı-na dizilmek (for food) to stick in one’s throat (because of worry). — dokuz boğum. proverb (The throat has nine lumps.) Think before speaking. — doldurmak to heap up earth around a plant. — ma durmak see boğazında kalmak. —ı düğümlenmek to be unable to eat because of sorrow/worry. — i-na düğümlenmek not to be able to get one’s words out because of sorrow/agitation.
   —ma düşkün gourmet; fond of good food, —ıııdan geçmemek to be unable to enjoy (a meal) (because of s.o.’s absence). — ı inmek to get a sore throat, get tonsillitis. — ı işlemek to nibble all the time. — ma kadar up to one’s neck, —mda kalmak (for food) to stick in one’s throat. — kavgası the struggle for a living, —mdan kesmek to cut back on one’s food expenses, scrimp on food, —mı kesmek Iml to cut the throat of. — ı kısılmak to get a hoarse throat. — ı kurumak to get very thirsty. — ola! colloq. I hope you enjoy it (said to a person eating).
   —   olmak to have a sore throat. — ma sarılmak Iml to begin to fight with (s.o.), grabbing him/her by the throat, —mı sevmek to enjoy eating, —mı sıkmak Iml 1. to throttle, choke. 2. to press (s.o.) hard (for a debt), —i tok 1. satiated. 2. contented, not greedy.
   —   tokluğuna (working) only for one’s board, only for food. — yangısı throat infection, infected throat, —mı yırtmak to shout at the top of one’s voice.
Boğaziçi, -ni (./..) the Bosporus, the Bosphorus, the Thracian Bosporus, boğazkesen castle built to control the traffic which passes through a strait, boğazlak prov. 1. gluttonous, piggish. 2. goiter, boğazlamak hi 1. to slaughter (an animal) (by cutting its throat). 2. to slit (s.o.’s) throat, boğazlanmak to be slaughtered.
Boğazlar the Straits, the (Thracian) Bosporus and the Dardanelles. — İdaresi hist, the Straits Settlements, boğazlaşmak to fight violently with each other, boğazlatmak hi to have (s.o./an animal) slaughtered, boğazlayan slaughterer, boğazlı 1. long-necked (bottle, etc.). 2. (s.o.) who is a big eater, who has a voracious appetite. — kazak turtleneck sweater, turtleneck.
boğazsak prov. gluttonous, piggish, boğazsız 1. neckless (bottle, etc.). 2. (s.o.) who has a small appetite, who eats little. Boğdan (.'.) hist. 1. Moldavia. 2. Moldavian, of Moldavia, boğdurmak /1, a/ to have/let (one person) choke/strangle/throttle/suffocate/drown
boğma                                              135
   (another/an animal); hi to have (s.o./an animal) choked/strangled/throttled/suffocated/ drowned.
boğma I. Ill choking/strangling/throttling/suf-focating/drowning (s.o./an animal). 2. a kind of raki. 3. prov. baggy trousers, shalwar. boğmaca path, whooping cough, pertussis, boğmacalı 1. (s.o.) who has whooping cough.
   2. person who has whooping cough, boğmacamsı similar to whooping cough, per-tussal.
‘boğmak 1. hi to choke, strangle, throttle; to suffocate; to drown. 2. hi to drown out, obliterate. 3. /i, a/ to cover (a place) with (s.t.). 4. /i, a/ to shower (s.t.) upon (s.o.), rain (s.t.) upon (s.o.). 5. hi to flood (a motor). 6. hi (for a color) to make (a place) seem small; (for a color) not to look good on (s.o.). 7. /i, a/ to cover (s.t.) up with, drown (s.t.) in (bluster, a torrent of words).
   8.  ii! slang to sponge off, freeload off. 9. hi slang to cheat, dupe, swindle.
2boğmak joint, articulation, node. — boğmak prominently jointed; full of articulations.
   —      kemikleri anat. phalanges, boğmaklı jointed, articulate, boğmaklıkuş (../.) zool. calandra lark, Mela-
   nocorypha calandra. boğucu stifling, suffocating, boğuk 1. hoarse, raucous. 2. muffled. — boğuk 1. hoarsely. 2. with a muffled sound.
   —      sesli hoarse-voiced, gruff-voiced, boğuklaşmak 1. (for one’s voice) to get hoarse.
   2. (for a sound) to become muffled, boğulmak 1. to choke, strangle; to suffocate; to drown. 2. to be drowned out, be obliterated. 3. (for a motor) to be flooded. 4. /dan/ to find (s.t.) oppressively boring; to go crazy with, be fed up to the back teeth with. 5. (for one’s voice) to get hoarse. 6. slang to be cheated, be duped, be swindled, boğulum path, asphyxia, boğum 1. node. 2. internode. 3. ganglion. — boğum prominently jointed; full of articulations.
boğumlama articulation (of speech organs), boğumlanma 1. constriction. 2. phon. articulation. — bölgesi region of articulation. — noktası point of articulation, boğumlanmak 1. to form a node. 2. to be constricted, be set to produce a speech sound, boğumlu having nodes, nodose, boğumsuz free from nodes, boğuntu profiteering. — ya getirmek hi slang to squeeze money out of (s.o.). — yeri slang gambler’s den. boğunuk prov. hoarse.
boğuşmak 1. to be involved in a violent fight, be at each other’s throats. 2. to quarrel, fight, boğuşulmak impersonal passive to quarrel, fight.
bohça 1. bundle. 2. square cloth for wrapping a bundle. 3. small bale of fine tobacco. 4.
                                                                                                         bokluk
    slang buttocks. — smı bağlamak to pack up one’s belongings. — etmek hi to wrap (s.t.) up in a bundle. — göndermek to send presents in a bundle. — smı koltuğuna vermek imi to dismiss, fire, bohçaböreği, -ni (./...) bundle-shaped pastry, bohçacı woman who peddles cloth and women’s garments, bohçalamak III to bundle (s.t.) up. bohem bohemian. — hayatı the bohemian life. Bohemya (./.) 1. Bohemia. 2. Bohemian, of Bohemia.
Bohemyali (./..) 1. (a) Bohemian. 2. Bohemian (person).
bok, -ku vulg. 1. dung, feces, excrement, ordure. 2. *shit, crap. 3. worthless, bad. 4. a mess. 5. mining scoria, dross, —tan rubbishy, worthless, bad. — atmak /a/ to slander, throw mud on, muddy, —a basmak to get into a mess. — u bokuna in vain, for nothing, —unda boncuk/boklavat bulmak Iml to overestimate, praise undeservedly.
   —  bulaştırmak /a/ see bok atmak. — canına olsun! Damn you! — u cinli restless, nervous. —unu çekmek Iml to suffer the evil •consequences (of an action). — unu çıkarmak Iml see bok etmek. — u çıkmak iml for the ugly side of a thing to come to light/ be discovered. — etmek hi to spoil. — u ile kavga etmek to be mad at everything, be very prickly, —unda inci aramak Iml see bokunda boncuk/boklavat bulmak. — karıştırmak to try to spoil something. — u kurumak to be frightened to death, —tan kü-net see boktan, —a nispetle tezek amberdir. proverb (Compared to fresh dung, dried dung is like incense.) Compared to the very worst possible, bad is pretty good. — püsür
   1. rubbish. 2. details. —un/— soyu 1. *shit, bastard, SOB; bitch. 2. *shitty, *fucking. — sürmek /a/ see bok atmak, —unu temizlemek Iml to clean up the mess (another) has caused. — tulumu very fat. — üstün bok terrible. — yedi başı meddler. — yemek to say/do something wrong, blunder, put one’s foot in it. — yemek düşmek /a/ to have no right to a say. — yemenin Arapçası/âlâsı/ gülpembesi a major blunder. — yiyen keşkülünü yanında taşır, proverb If you do as you please you’re on your own. — yoluna gitmek to lose one’s life for nothing.
bokböceği, -ni (/...) zool. dung beetle, scarab, Geotrupes stercorarius. bokçabülbül (./..) zool. wren, Troglodytes troglodytes.
boklamak hi vulg. 1. to soil, befoul. 2. to mess (s.t.) up, make a balls-up of. 3. to slander, boklaşmak vulg. (for a project/a situation) to go bad.
                                                                    boklu 1. vulg. crappy, *shitty, soiled with *shit.
    2.   mining containing scoriae/slags/ashes. bokluk vulg. 1. dunghill. 2. filthy place. 3.
                                                                       something disagreeable/undesirable, piece of
 oks
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   *shit.
oks sports boxing. — etmek/yapmak to box. okser boxer (a breed of dog), oksineği, -ni (/...) zool. dung fly.
»oksit geol. bauxite.
»oksör sports boxer.
boi 1. plentiful, abundant, ample, copious. 2. wide and loose-fitting; too large. — biçmek hi to estimate lavishly. — bol/bolamat/ bulamaç amply, abundantly, generously. — bol yiyen bel bel (bön bön) bakar, proverb (A person who eats lavishly comes to stare in perplexity.) If a person spends his/ her money wastefully he/she ends up a pauper. — doğramak 1. to spend lavishly. 2. to be lavish in promises. — keseden atmak to make extravagant promises, scatter promises around. — paça 1. a wide trouser leg, baggy trouser leg; bell-bottom trouser leg. 2. slovenly, untidy. — şekilli polymorphous. 2bol, -lü claret cup, fruit punch, bowl, bolalmak prov., see bollaşmak, bolarmak prov., see bollaşmak, bolca amply, abundantly, bolero (./.) 1. bolero (a garment). 2. bolero (the dance or its music), boliçe (./.) Jewish woman.
Bolivya (./.) 1. Bolivia. 2. Bolivian, of Bolivia.
Bolivyali (./..) 1. (a) Bolivian. 2. Bolivian (person).
bollanmak see bollaşmak, bollaşmak 1. to get wide, get loose, fit loosely. 2. to abound, become plentiful, be in good supply.
bollaştırmak hi 1. to provide liberally; to make plentiful. 2. to widen, loosen, bollatmak hi see bollaştırmak, bolluk 1. wideness, looseness. 2. abundance, plenty. — boynuzu cornucopia, horn of plenty. — ta büyümüş brought up in the lap of luxury; prodigal, wasteful; used to luxurious living, bolometre (../.) bolometer.
                                                          Bolşevik 1. (a) Bolshevik, (a) Bolshevist. 2. Bolshevik, Bolshevist, pertaining to Bolshevism: Bolşevik doktrin Bolshevik doctrine. Bolşeviklik 1. Bolshevism. 2. being a Bolshevik.
Bolşevizm Bolshevism.
bom slang a lie. — atmak to lie.
‘bomba (/.) 1. bomb. 2. barrel. 3. bomb-shaped metal container. — gibi 1. in good condition. 2. well-prepared (student). — gibi patlamak 1. to explode in a fury, explode like a bomb. 2. (for an unexpected event) to astound people. — patlatmak slang to steal something.
2bomba (/.) naut. spanker boom, bombacı (/..) 1. bomber; bombardier. 2. maker of bombs.
' —/*/ kr*mhincr
bombalanma being bombed, bombalanmak to be bombed, bombardıman bombardment, bombing. — etmek hi 1. to attack with bombs; to bombard, shell. 2. to scold (s.o.). — uçağı bomber, bombardon bombardon, bass tuba, bombe 1. small swelling/bump/bulge. 2. having a small swelling/bump/bulge, bombeli having a small swelling/bump/bulge, bombok (/.) vulg. very bad, utterly spoiled, bomboş (/.) altogether empty, bonbon candy.
boncuk 1. bead. 2. colloq. Black, Black woman.
   —   gibi bead-like (eyes). — illeti prov. infantile convulsions; fit. — mavisi turquoise blue. — tutkalı carpenter’s glue sold in small beads.
boncuklanmak to stand out in beads, bone 1. bonnet, lady’s hat. 2. bathing cap. bonfile (/..) butchery sirloin steak, bonjur Good morning! bonmarşe department store; dry-goods store, bono (/.) fin. promissory note, bond, bill, certificate of indebtedness. — kırdırmak to discount a bond, sell it before maturity, bonservis letter of recommendation, certificate of good service, bop poker ante.
bopstil 1. zoot suit. 2. a person wearing a zoot suit.
‘bor chem. boron.
2bor prov. 1. hard, stony, uncultivated ground. 2. uncultivated ground. 3. white incrustation of salts found on ground which has dried out after a rain. 4. deposit left on a kettle/ pan after water has been boiled, tartar. 5. dust (which rises from dirt roads). 6. chalky soil, chalk. 7. uncultivated (land), bora (/.) 1. strong wind (preceding a rainstorm), squall. 2. slang a violent scolding. — patlatmak slang (for a person) to storm, be furious. —ya tutulmak (— yemek) 1. to get caught in a squall. 2. slang to get a scolding, borağan whirlwind, an eddying tempest of wind/rain/snow. borak prov. 1. hard, stony, uncultivated ground. 2. uncultivated ground. 3. uncultivated (ground), boraks chem. borax, boran thunderstorm.
borani (.—.) a vegetable dish with yogurt and rice.
borasit, -ti boracite. borat, -ti chem. borate.
borazan 1. bugle; trumpet. 2. bugler; trumpeter.
   —   çalmak 1. to blow a bugle/a trumpet. 2. colloq. to let everybody know, tell the world.
borazancı bugler; trumpeter, borazancıbaşı, -nı (.../..) head bugler; head trumpeter.
‘borç 1. debt; loan. 2. duty, obligation. 3. debit.
                              —  almak /ı, dan/
 2borç                                             137
   to borrow (money) from (s.o.); /dan/ to bor-row money from (s.o.). —a almak hi to buy on credit. — altma girmek to incur a debt.
   —a batmak to be deep in debt. —/—u bini aşmak to be up to one’s ears/eyes/neck in debt..— etmek to get into debt. — gırtlağa/ gırtlağına çıkmak see borca batmak, —a girmek to go into debt. — harç by borrowing here and there, —lar hukuku law of obligation. — ikrazı law acknowledgment of liability . — unu kapatmak to settle one’s debt, —tan korkan kapısını büyük açmaz. proverb (One who is afraid of debt does not open his/her door wide.) A person who wants to avoid debts is careful with his/her expenses and with his/her generosity. —unu ödemek to pay one’s debt, —unu/—larmi ödeyebilen/m. solvent, —unu/—larmi ödeyemeyen/m. insolvent. — ödeme gücü/m. solvency. — ödenir, kira Ödenmez, proverb (You can pay back a debt, but you can’t buy anything by paying rent.) It is better to borrow money and buy a house than to pay rent forever. — paçasından akmak see borç bini aşmak. — para loan.
   —   senedi fin. promissory note, note of hand, certificate of debt. — vermek /ı, a/ to lend (s.o.) (money); /a/ to lend (s.o.) money. — vermekle, yol yürümekle tükenir. proverb You can clear a debt by paying it off a little at a time. — yapmak see borç etmek. — yemek to go into debt.
   —   yiğidin kamçısıdır, proverb (Debts are the whip of a young man.) A person works harder when he has debts. — yiyen kesesinden yer. proverb A person who goes into debt (eventually) pays it out of his/her purse. —u zamanında ödememe fin. default.
2borç borsch, borscht.
borçlandırılmak to be made/allowed to go into debt; to be put into debt, borçlandırma 1. making/letting (s.o.) go into debt; putting (s.o.) into debt. 2.fin. debiting, borçlandırmak hi to make/let (s.o.) go into debt; to put (s.o.) into debt, borçlanılmak impersonal passive to get into debt, go into debt; /a/ to become indebted to.
borçlanma 1. getting into debt, going into debt.
   2.fin. borrowing, borçlanmak to get into debt, go into debt; /a/ to become indebted to. borçlu 1. debtor. 2. /a/ indebted, under obligation (to). — çıkmak to end up owing (s.o.) something, —nun duacısı alacaklıdır, proverb It’s a creditor who prays most earnestly for the life and prosperity of a debtor, borçluluk indebtedness, borçsuz without any debt. — çoban yoksul beyden yeğdir, proverb A shepherd without debts is better off than an impoverished prince. — harçsız without borrowing any money.
                                                                                              bostan
borçsuzluk freedom from debts.
‘borda (/.) naut. 1. board; broadside. 2. beam, —da abeam, —dan from abeam. — ateşi broadside (fire). — borda side by side. — bordaya broadside to broadside, alongside.
    —  feneri side light. — ya gelmek to come alongside. — hattı line of battleships moving abreast. — iskelesi accommodation ladder.
2borda (/.) attack upon a ship by a boarding party. — etmek hi to board (an enemy ship), bordo (/.) 1. claret red. 2. Bordeaux wine, bordro (/.) 1. list, register, roll; payroll. 2.
    voucher, borina (./.) naut. bowline, bornoz 1. bathrobe. 2. burnoose, bornuz see bornoz.
borsa (/.) stock exchange, exchange; bourse.
    —  aracısı/acentesi stockbroker. — bülteni market report. — fiyatı stock exchange quotation. — muamelesi stock exchange transaction. —da oynamak to speculate; to gamble on the stock exchange. — oyunu speculation.
borsacı (/..) speculator, borş see 2borç.
boru 1. pipe, tube. 2. mus. horn; bugle. 3. slang nonsense, empty talk. 4. slang bad, in a bad state. — ağı plumbing, the plumbing system of a building. — anahtarı pipe wrench. — askısı pipe support. — bileziği ring put around a stove pipe. — çalmak 1. to blow a horn. 2. for a bugle to blow, —sunu çalmak Iml to jump to do (s.o.’s) wishes so as to curry his/her favor. —yu çalmak to be successful. — değil! colloq. That’s no small matter! — dirseği elbow, elbow-shaped pipe.
    —  döşemek to install plumbing. — hattı pipeline. — kelepçesi pipe clip. — mengenesi pipe vise. — mu (bu)? colloq., see Boru değil! —suna ot tıkamak Iml to shut (s.o.) up, muzzle, silence, —su ötmek colloq. to have authority, be influential.
                                                        borucu 1. plumber. 2. maker/seller of pipes/ tubes/horns/bugles. 3. horn player; bugler, borucuk tubule, tubulus. boruçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. 1. downy thorn apple, Datura metel. 2. morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea.
borukabağı, -m (./...) bot. an elongated gourd, borumsu tubiform. boruyolu, -ııu (./..) pipeline.
                                                        Bosna-Hersek (/. .'.) Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia-Hercegovina, bostan 1. vegetable garden, kitchen garden. 2. melon field. 3. melon; watermelon. — beli gardener’s spade with a very long handle.
    —  beygiri horse that turns a water wheel.
    —  beygiri gibi dönmek to be caught up in a monotonous routine, —a dadanan eşeğin kuyruğu, kulağı olmaz, proverb (A donkey that slips into the garden loses its tail and its ears.) A habitual thief is caught and punished so often that he/she ceases to be hu-
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boşanmak
   man. — dolabı noria, water wheel for irrigation. — gök iken pazarlık yapılmaz. proverb (You can’t sell the vegetables out of your garden before they are grown.) Don’t get involved in anything which hasn’t been well thought-out. — korkuluğu
   1.    scarecrow. 2. a mere puppet. — tahtası a plant bed in a kitchen garden, bostancı 1. vegetable gardener; market gardener. 2. melon grower. 3. hist, member of a corps attached to the Ottoman palace, bostanpatlicam, -m (..'....) bot. bell eggplant, boş 1. empty. 2. useless. 3. unemployed; free.
   4. ignorant. 5. slack, not under tension (rope). 6. uncultivated (land). 7. uninhabited. —ta unemployed. — almak naut. to take up the slack, make a hawser taut, —a almak hi 1. to prop up (a building) temporarily for repairs. 2. mech. to uncouple, release, —unu almak Iml to tauten (a hawser), take up the slack (in a hawser).
   —  atıp dolu tutmak/vurmak to make a lucky hit, guess the truth by chance. — bağırsak anat. jejunum. — bırakmamak h! 1. to help out (a person in need). 2. not to desert (s.o.). — u/— boşuna in vain, uselessly. — böğür anat. side, flank. — bulunmak to be taken unawares, —a çalışmak (for a machine) to run on no load, run light.
   —  çıkmak lottery to draw a blank, —a çıkmak to turn out to be nothing. — çıkmamak /dan/ to make a little something out of (a deal). — çuval ayakta ûxxvmsa, proverb (An empty sack cannot stand up.) It takes some competence for a person to get along.
   —  dönmek to come back empty-handed.
   —  durmak to be without work, be unemployed. — düşmek /dan/ to be considered as divorced (from her husband). — fıçı çok langirdar. proverb (An empty keg makes a lot of noise.) It’s the fool who talks too much. — gezenin boş kalfası loafer. — gezmek to be unemployed. — ta gezmek to live without working, —a gitmek 1. to be wasted. 2. to be of no use. — inan superstition. —a işlemek see boşa çalışmak. — kafalı silly, dimwitted. — kâğıdı formerly written declaration of divorce (given to a woman by her husband). — ta kalmak to be without work. — koymak/komak fil to deprive (s.o.) of something desirable, —a koysan dolmaz, doluya koysan almaz. colloq. (If you put it in something empty it won’t fill it, and if you put it in something full it won’t take it.) However I try to do it, it still does not work. — küp stupid person, ignorant man. — laf karnı doyurmaz. proverb Empty words do not fill one’s stomach. — ol! I divorce you! (formerly said by the husband to his wife). — olmamak not to be without reason, to have a justifying cause. — olsun! see Boş ol! — oturmak 1. to be without a job, be unem-
   ployed. 2. not to have work to do, be without work. — söz nonsensical words, hot air.
   —   vakit 1. spare time. 2. leisure. — ver! colloq. Forget it!/Never mind! — vermek
   1. /a/ not to bother (about), to take no notice (of). 2. naut. to loosen a hawser. — yere
   1.  in vain. 2. without grounds, without a reason. — yerine vurmak Iml to hit (s.o./ an animal) on his/her/its side.
boşalım 1. becoming empty; becoming vacant.
   2.    elec. discharge. 3. psych, catharsis, boşalmak 1. to become empty, empty; to become vacant. 2. (for a liquid) to run out (of a container); (for people/a liquid) to flow out, stream out, pour out. 3. /a/ (for a river) to empty into (a sea). 4. (for a rope) to become slack. 5. (for a spring) to unwind. 6. to unburden o.s., unbosom o.s., let off steam. 7. (for a tethered/harnessed animal) to get loose. 8. colloq. (for a man) to come, ejaculate (during sexual intercourse). 9. colloq. (for a woman) to come, orgasm. 10. gamblers' slang to be flat broke, have no more money with which one can bet.
boşaltaç vacuum pump (for removing air), boşaltıcı machine which removes sewage from septic tanks, boşaltılmak 1. to be emptied, be made empty/ bare; (for a property) to be vacated; (for a conveyance) to be unloaded. 2. to be poured out, be emptied; to be drained. 3. for all the ammunition in (a firearm) to be fired.
    4.    (for reins/a rope) to be slackened, boşaltım 1. emptying; vacating; unloading. 2.
                                                         excretion. — aygıtı anat. excretory organ, boşaltma emptying; vacating; unloading. — havzası drainage basin. — hendeği drainage canal. — limanı naut. port of discharge.
   —   müddeti naut. lay days, time allowed to unload a ship’s cargo.
boşaltmak hi 1. to empty, make (a place) empty/bare; to vacate (a property); to unload (a conveyance). 2. to pour (s.t.) out, empty; to drain. 3. to fire all the ammunition in (a firearm). 4. to slacken (reins/a rope). 5. (for an animal) to get free of (its tether/traces/saddle). boşama divorce.
boşamak hi to divorce (a spouse), boşandırmak III 1. to cause/allow (a couple) to get a divorce. 2. to grant a divorce to (a couple).
boşanma divorce. — davası divorce suit, boşanmak 1. /dan/ to be divorced (from). 2. /dan/ to be set loose, be set free, break loose; (for water) to break through its barriers. 3. (for a firearm) to be discharged by accident. 4. /dan/ (for tears/blood) to pour out. 5. (for rain) to pour down. 6. to burst forth with tears. 7. to burst forth in a torrent of complaint/invective; to pour out one’s heart. 8. (for people) to pour out (of a
boşanmış
   closed place). Boşanıp kocana varma, sevişip dostuna varma, proverb Don’t remarry a husband who has divorced you, or marry a man who has been your lover, boşanmış divorced, boşatılmak to be divorced, boşatmak /ı, dan/ to grant (s.o.) a divorce from (his/her spouse), boşboğaz 1. garrulous, indiscreet. 2. blabber, someone who can’t keep a secret. —ı cehenneme atmışlar, “Odun yaş,” diye bağırmış. proverb They threw the compulsive talker into hell, and he/she said, “The wood is too wet to burn.” boşboğazlık idle talk. — etmek to talk indiscreetly, boşlama neglect.
boşlamak /ı/1. to neglect; to let alone. 2. prov.
   to .let go, let loose, boşluk 1. emptiness. 2. blank space, blank. 3. cavity. 4. phys. vacuum. — tulumbası vacuum pump (for removing air).
Boşnak 1. (a) Bosnian. 2. Bosnian, of the Bosnians.
Boşnakça (./.) 1. Bosnian, the Bosnian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Bosnian, Bosnian. 3. Bosnian (speech/writing); spoken in Bosnian; written in Bosnian, boşuna in vain, uselessly.
‘bot, -tu boat.
2bot, -tu boot.
botanik 1. botany. 2. botanical, botanic, botanikçi botanist.
Botsvana 1. Botswana. 2. Botswana, of Botswana.
1boy 1. height; stature. 2. length. 3. size. 4. edge (of a road), bank (of a river). — at-mak/almak to grow in height; to shoot up.
   —  aptesi Islam a ritual bathing of the body. — aynası full-length mirror. —u/
   —una/—unca beraber as tall as himself/ herself. — bos height and appearance, —u bosu yerinde tall and graceful. — boy assorted, of various sizes; of various qualities. —dan boya all over, from end to end.
   —u boyuna, huyu huyuna suitable, good (match), —a çekmek (for a child) to shoot up. —unca çocuğu olmak to have a grown child. — u devrilsin! colloq. I wish he’d/ she’d fall down dead! — etmek /ı/ to sort out according to sizes. — uma göre (bo-yumca) boy buldum, huyuma göre (hu-yumca) huy bulamadım, proverb (I’ve found somebody of the right height, but never anybody of a temperament to go with mine.) It isn’t easy to find a mate whose temperament suits one’s own. — göstermek to show o.s. off. —unca kalıbını basmak /a/ to believe (s.t.) wholeheartedly without any doubts, —dan kesat, içi fesat short and malicious (person). — u kısa short (of stature). — kürkü full-length fur coat, —unun ölçüsünü almak 1. to find out painfully
139                                   boyatmak
         one’s own inadequacies. 2. to be disappointed by s.o.’s indifference. — ölçüşmek /la/ to compete (with). — sürmek see boy atmak. —u uzun tall; long. — vermek 1. (for water) to be above one’s head. 2. to jump into the water feet first so as to test its depth. 3. to grow taller. — vermemek (for water) not to be out of one’s depth. 2boy sociol. clan.
      boya 1. paint. 2. dye. 3. color. 4. make-up. 5. prov. ink. 6. colloq. deceptive appearance.
         —  almak see boya tutmak. — atmak /a/ see boya sürmek, —sı atmak to fade. — çekmek /a/ see boya sürmek. — maddesi pigment. — resim painting. — sürmek /a/ to paint. — tabancası 1. spray gun for paint.
         2. air brush. — tutmak (for wood) to take paint; (for fabric) to take a dye. — vurmak /a/ see boya sürmek, —sı vurmak for color/ dye to run.
      boyaağacı, -ni (./...) bot. camwood, Baphia ni-tida; barwood. boyaalir chromophil, chromatophil, chromo-phile, chromatophile, chromophilic. boyaalmaz chromophobe, chromophobic, boyacı 1. dyer. 2. house painter. 3. dealer in paints. 4. shoeshine boy. 5. colloq. one who deceives with a fine show. — kedisi/köpeği gibi colloq. dyed in all colors, crudely colored. — küpü dyer’s vat. — küpü değil ki (hemen daldırıp çıkarasın), colloq. It’s not a simple matter. — sandığı shoeshine box. boyacılık 1. dyeing. 2. house painting. 3. manufacturing/selling of paint. 4. shoeshining. boyahane (..—.) dyehouse, dyer’s shop, boyakökü, -nü (./..) madder root, the root of Rubia tinctorum. boyalamak /ı/ 1. to paint (s.t.) out, paint over (s.t.); to dye over (s.t.). 2. to slap paint on (s.t.); to smear (s.t.) with paint, boyalanmak 1. to be painted out, be painted over; to be dyed over. 2. to be slapped with paint; to be smeared with paint, boyalı 1. painted. 2. dyed. 3. colored. 4. wearing make-up. — basin the sensation-mongering press.
      boyama 1. coloring, painting. 2. colored, painted. 3. dyed. 4. colored head scarf. — kitabı coloring book. — resim painting; colored drawing.
      boyamak 1. /i/ to paint, dye, color. 2. /i, a/ to paint/dye/color (s.t.) (a certain color), boyana (./.) naut., see boyna, boyanmak 1. to be painted/dyed/colored. 2. to put on make-up, be made-up. boyaotu, -nu (./..) bot. dyer’s madder, Rubia tinctorum. boyar paint.
      boyarmadde (./..) pigment.
      boyasız 1. unpainted. 2. undyed, uncolored. 3.
         unpolished (shoe). 4. without make-up. boyatılmak to be painted/dyed/colored, boyatmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.t.) painted/dyed/
boyatutmaz
   colored. 2. to let (s.t.) be painted/dyed/ colored, boyatutmaz biol. achromatic, boyçekme (/..) shrinking of wood when drying, boydaş of the same height/age. boydaşlık being of the same height/age. boykot, -tu boycott. — etmek 111 to boycott, boykotçu boy cotter, boylam longitude.
                                                   boylamak /ı/ 1. to get to, arrive at. 2. to travel (the length of). 3. to make for, take off for.
   4.    to end up in (an undesirable place), boylanmak 1. to grow taller. 2. /a/ to go as far as. boylanıp boslanmak to grow and develop, become handsome, boylatılmak /a/ to be thrown into (prison), boylatmak /ı, a/ to throw (s.o.) into (prison), boyler boiler.
                                                   boylu tall, high; long. — boslu tall and well -developed, handsome. — boyunca 1. at full length. 2. from end to end. boyna (/.) naut. scull (an oar). — etmek to scull. — palası blade of a scull, boynuz 1. horn; antler. 2. horn, made of horn.
   3.   horn, trumpet. 4. cupping horn. 5. antenna (of insects). — çekmek /a/ to cup. — dikmek /a/ to cuckold. — kulağı geçmek to surpass one’s elder. — takmak/takmmak to be cuckolded. — taktırmak /a/ to make a cuckold of. — vurmak /a/ to gore, boynuzağacı, -m (./...) bot. redbud, Judas tree, Cercis siliquastrum. boynuzcuk cornicle.
boynuzlamak /ı/ 1. to gore. 2. to cuckold, boynuzlanmak 1. to become horned, grow horns. 2. to be cuckolded. 3. to be gored, boynuzlatmak /i, a/ to have (s.o.) cuckolded, boynuzlu 1. horned. 2. cuckolded, boynuzluteke (../..) zool. cerambycid, long -homed beetle, boynuzotu, -nu (./..) bot. hellebore, Helleborus. boynuzsuz hornless, polled, boyotu, -nu (/..) bot. fenugreek, Trigonella foenumgraecum. boysuz short, not tall.
boyun, -ynu 1. neck. 2. cervix. 3. geog. pass, defile. 4. responsibility. — una almak 111 to accept responsibility for. — u altında kalsın! colloq. May he/she die! —u armut sapma dönmüş, colloq. (His/Her neck has become a pear stem.) He/She has grown very thin. —una atılmak /m/ to embrace (s.o.), fall on (s.o.’s) neck. — atkısı scarf.
   —una atmak /i, m/ to put (the blame) on (s.o.). — una binmek /in/ to pester, annoy, —/—unun borcu a binding duty, a duty, —unu burmak Iml to wring (an animal’s) neck. — bükmek to bow one’s neck, show humility, —unu bükmek 1. to abase o.s. 2. to submit to something, —u bükük 1. destitute. 2. unhappy, sorrowful. — eğmek /a/ to submit (to); to humiliate o.s. (before), (...e karşı) —u eğri ready to comply with
140                                 bozcamgöz
        (s.o.’s) wishes. — una geçirmek hi to seize, take (s.t.) for one’s own. —unda kalmak (for an obligation) to remain unfulfilled, —unu kaşımak to be embarrassed. — kemiği anat. cervical section of the vertebral column. — kesmek to bow one’s head, submit. —unu kesmek Iml to behead. —um kıldan ince, colloq. (My neck is slimmer than a hair.) I am ready to accept any decision ./I am ready to comply with anything. — kırmak see boyun kesmek, —unu kırmak colloq. to go away. — u kopsun! colloq. May he/she die! — kökü anat. the base of the neck. — noktası the bottom of the valley between two hills. — olmak /a/ to become a guarantor (for). — una sarılmak Iml to embrace. — tutmak /a/ to stand up against. — u tutulmak to have a stiff neck, —unu uzatmak/vermek /a/ to surrender (to), submit (to), —unu vurmak Iml see boynunu kesmek. — yangısı path, endo-cervicitis. — yatağı pillow block, bearing block, plummer block, plummer. — yolu anat. cervix.
      ‘boyuna lengthwise, longitudinally.
      2boyuna (/..) incessantly, continually, boyunbağı, -m (./..) necktie, boyunburan zool. wryneck, Jynx torquilla. boyunca (./.) 1. lengthwise. 2. along. 3. throughout, during. 4. as tall as himself/ herself.
      boyuncak 1. necklace. 2. prov. yoke (for an ox, etc.).
      boyunduruk 1. yoke (for an ox, etc.). 2. wrestling headlock. 3. arch, lintel. 4. framepiece (of a clamp). — u altma girmek Iml to get
         o.s. into a position of complete subservience to (s.o.), be at (s.o.’s) beck and call, —a at-mak/almak hi wrestling to put a headlock on (one’s opponent). — parası presents given to the young men in the bride’s village as she leaves for the groom’s village, —a vurmak 111 to make (s.o.) completely subservient. — yeke naut. rudder and its yoke, boyunlu having a neck, necked. — kazak turtleneck, sweater with a turtleneck. boyunluk thing worn around the neck, boyut, -tu dimension.
      boz 1. earth-brown; brown; ash-gray; gray. 2.
         rough, waste, uncultivated (land), boza (/.) bosa, boza, booza, bouza (beverage made of slightly fermented millet). — gibi thick (liquid). — olmak colloq. to be embarrassed.
      bozacı (/..) maker/seller of bosa/boza. bozacılık (/...) making/selling bosa/boza. bozarmak to take on a gray color, bozayı (/..) zool. brown bear, Ursus arctos. bozbakkal (/..) zool. fieldfare, European thrush, Tiirdus pilaris. bozca 1. grayish. 2. uncultivated soil. Bozcaada (./..) Bozcaada (the ancient Tenedos). bozcamgöz (/..) zool. cow shark, Hexanchus
‘bozdoğan                                       141
   griseus.
‘bozdoğan iron war mace.
2bozdoğan (/..) zool. merlin, Falco aesalon. bozdurmak Iı, a/ 1. to cause/allow (s.o.) to spoil/ruin/harm/damage/mar/impair (s.t.). 2. to get (s.o.) to break, get (s.o.) to give one change for, get (s.o.) to change, get (s.o.) to give one (a specified amount of money) in smaller units. 3. to get (s.o.) to change, get (s o.) to give one (a specified amount of money) in another currency, bozgun 1. enmity, alienation, breach >in relations. 2. rout, defeat. 3. routed, defeated.
   —a uğramak to be routed, be defeated.
   —a uğratmak hi to rout, defeat, bozguncu defeatist, bozgunculuk defeatism, bozgunluk state of confusion and defeat, bozkır sparsely vegetated plain. — rengi pale gray.
bozkirkedisi, -ni (./...) zool. manul, Pallas’s cat,
                                         Felis manul. bozlak a folk song.
bozlamak prov. 1. (for a cow/a camel) to bellow, low. 2. to scream, bozlatmak hi 1. to make (a cow/a camel) bellow/low. 2. to make (s.o.) scream, bozluk grayness, gray color, bozma 1. spoiling, ruining; harming, damaging; marring; impairing. 2. pej. a version of, a person/a thing who/which reminds one of (another person/thing); /dan/ (s.o./s.t.) who/ which is a version of, who/which reminds one of (another person/thing): medrese bozması bir okul a school reminiscent of a madrasah. bu şair bozmaları these would-be poets, ambardan bozma bir ev a barn of a house, bozmacı wrecker, bozmadde (/..) anat. gray matter, bozmak 1. hi to spoil, ruin; to harm, damage; to mar; to impair. 2. hi to mess up, make a mess of (a place). 3. hi to upset, spoil (plans/a system). 4. hi to upset (one’s stomach). 5. hi to change, break (a specified amount of money) into smaller units. 6. hi to change, exchange (a specified amount of money) for another currency. 7. hi mil. to defeat (a unit) decisively, rout. 8. hi to embarrass, discomfit, discountenance. 9. Ill to violate (an agreement). 10. hi law to abrogate; to quash; to overturn. 11. hi to deflower, deprive (a woman) of her virginity.
   12. /i, la/ to have (s.t.) on the brain, be too wrapped up in: Aklını seksle bozdu. He’s got sex on the brain. 13. Ill to complete the harvest in, harvest everything in (a specified place). 14. hi to rip out the seams of (a garment) or to cut up (a garment) (so that it can be remade). 15. (for the weather) to turn nasty, get cold/stormy/snowy, bozrak grayish, light gray, bozucu 1. demolisher, spoiler. 2. destructive;
                                                                                          böbreksi
                                                       demolishing, spoiling. 3. ship-breaker. ‘bozuk 1. broken; spoiled, gone bad. 2. out of order, out of repair. 3. bad, depraved, corrupt. 4. bad (weather). 5. change, small change. — çalmak to be in a bad mood.
   —  oluşum malformation. — para small change. — para gibi harcamak hi to use (s.o.) in a demeaning way.
2bozuk a nine-stringed lute, bozukdüzen (./..) disorganized, uncoordinated, muddled, confused, bozukluk 1. small change. 2. vice. 3. defeat, bozulgu damage.
bozulmak 1. to be spoiled/ruined/harmed/ damaged/marred/impaired. 2. (for a place) to be messed up. 3. (for plans/a system) to be upset, be spoiled. 4. (for food) to spoil, go bad. 5. /a/ to feel resentful towards, be riled at, be irritated with; to get angry at.
   6. to get thin and wan. 7. mil. to be decisively defeated, be routed. 8. (for a specified amount of money) to be changed, be broken into smaller units. 9. (for a specified amount of money) to be changed, be exchanged for another currency. 10. to be embarrassed, be discomfited, be discountenanced. 11. (for an agreement) to be violated. 12. law to be abrogated/quashed/ overturned. 13. for the harvest in (a specified place) to be completed. 14. (for a garment’s seams) to be ripped out or (for a garment) to be cut up (so that it can be remade).
                                                       bozum slang embarrassment,, discomfiture.
   —  etmek hi slang to embarrass, discomfit.
   —  havası slang embarrassment, discomfiture. — havası çalmak to act embarrassed, seem to be discomfited. — olmak slang to be embarrassed, be discomfited.
bozumca (./.) prov., zool. a gray lizard, bozuntu 1. a poor excuse for: şair bozuntusu a poor excuse for a poet. 2. (s.o.) who has the air of, who looks like (s.t. undesirable): casus bozuntusu bir gazeteci a reporter who has the air of a spy. 3. ruins. — ya uğramak to be completely dumbfounded, be stunned.
   —ya vermemek to act as if nothing has happened, not to bat an eyelid, bozunum deformity, bozuşma breakup (of a friendship), bozuşmak to break up, break with one another, bozut, -tu disorder, sedition, bozutçu intriguer, plotter, bozyel (/.) southwest wind (harbinger of rain), bozyürük (/..) zool. sandsnake, Eryx. böbrek 1. kidney. 2. renal. — iltihabı path, nephritis. — leğeni anat. renal pelvis. — nakli surg. kidney transplant/transplantation. — oygusu anat. renal hilum. — yağı suet. — yangısı path, nephritis. — yetmezliği path. renal insufficiency, böbreksel renal.
böbreksi reniform, nephroid, kidney-shaped.
böbreküstü
142
börtmek
böbreküstü adrenal, suprarenal. — bezi anat. adrenal gland. — bezi çıkarımı surg. adrenalectomy. — kabuğu anat. adrenal cortex.
böbür zool. daman, Syrian hyrax, Procavia syriaca.
böbürlenmek to boast, brag, toot one’s own horn.
böbürtü boasting, bragging, böcek zool. 1. bug; insect. 2. louse. 3. lobster; crayfish. — çıkarmak to hatch silkworms.
   —      gibi colloq. small, brunette (child), böcekbilim (..'..) entomology, böcekbilimci entomologist, böcekçil 1. insectivorous (animal/plant). 2. (an) insectivore. böcekçiller zool. Insectivora. böcekhane (..— .) see böceklik, böcekkabuğu, -nu (./...) greenish blue with a metallic luster, böcekkapan bot. flytrap, böceklenmek to become infested with bugs, böcekler zool. Inseeta. böcekli bug-infested, buggy, böceklik cocoonery, building for raising silkworms.
böceksiz free of bugs, free of insects, böcü 1 .prov. maggot, worm. 2. prov. insect. 3.
   colloq. ogre, bogy, bugbear, böcül böcül (./ ..) rolling one’s eyes, böğ zool. a venemous spider, Galeocles. böğür, -ğrü side, flank, böğürmek to bellow, low. böğürtlen 1. bot. blackberry, Brit, bramble, brambleberry, Rubus fruticosus. 2. blackberry, Brit, brambleberry (the fruit). 3. slang vomit, böğürtlenlik blackberry patch, Brit, bramble patch.
böğürtmek /ı/ to make (an animal) bellow/low.
böğürtü bellow, roar.
böke prov. champion.
böldürmek /ı/ to have (s.t.) divided.
böle fascicle.
bölecik fragment.
böleç diaphragm.
bölek 1. clique. 2. anat. mediastinum, bölekçi member of a clique, bölekçilik cliquishness, bölekleşmek to form a clique, bölen math, divisor.
bölge region, zone. — komutanı mil. section commander. — valiliği regional governorship.
bölgeci regionalist.
bölgecilik regionalism, favoring a region, bölgesel regional. — uyuşturum surg. regional anesthesia, bölgesellik regionalism, partisanship in favor of a region, bölme 1. division. 2. partition, dividing wall; room divider. 3. compartment. 4. naut. bulkhead. 5. divided, partitioned, separated.
bölmecik anat. trabecula.
bölmek 1. /ı, a/ to divide (s.t.) into (portions).
   2. h! to separate. 3. h! to break (s.t.) apart, bölmeli partitioned, bölü math, divided by.
bölücü 1. dividing, that divides. 2. divider. 3.
   intriguer, plotter, disrupter. 4. divisive, bölücülük divisiveness, divisive behavior, bölük 1. mil. company. 2. part, division, subdivision. 3. compartment. 4. group, body (of men). 5. math, place, position (in powers of 1000). 6. one of two braids of hair. — başı leader of a group of porters (i.e. men who carry loads on their backs). — bölük in separate parts, in groups. — komutanı mil. captain. — pörçük in bits, bölüm 1. portion, slice, part, division, chapter, section. 2. quotient. — bölüm a little at a time.
bölümce paragraph.
bölümleme classification, dividing things into classes.
bölümlemek hi to classify, divide (things) into classes.
bölümlenmek to be classified, be divided into classes, bölümsel partial, bölünç partial payment, bölünebilme math, divisibility, bölünen math, dividend, bölüngü pol. fraction, faction, bölünme division, separation into parts, bölünmek 1. math, to be divided. 2. to be divided, be partitioned. 3. to be separated, bölünmez indivisible.
bölünmüş 1. divided, partitioned. 2. separated.
   —       hisse senedi fin. split stock, bölüntü 1. part, section. 2. comp, partition, bölüntüleme comp, partitioning (the memory), bölüntülemek hi comp, to partition (the memory).
bölüşmek hi (for people) to share (s.t.), divide (s.t.) up among themselves, bölüştürme division, distribution, bölüştürmek /ı, a/ to have/let (s.o.) divide (s.t.); h! to have (s.t.) divided; III to let (s.t.) be divided, bölüşüm dividing, distribution, bölüt, -tü zool. somite, metamere, segment, bön stupidly naive. — bön bakmak to stare with stupid naivete, bönleşmek to become foolish, bönlük stupid nai'vete.
börek flaky pastry filled with thin layers of a food (usually cheese or cooked ground beef), börekçi maker/seller of börek, börekçilik making/selling börek, böreklik suitable for making börek, börk, -kü a kind of cap (worn by the Janissaries).
börkenek 1. zool. reticulum. 2. prov. cap, rain hood.
börtmek hi prov. to cook (s.t.) lightly.
börttürmek
143
bu
börttürmek l\! prov. to have (s.t.) cooked lightly.
börtü böcek (./ ..) bugs, insects, börtük prov. cooked lightly, börtülmek prov. to be cooked lightly, börüce path, lupus.
börülce (./.) bot. black-eyed pea, blackeye pea, blackeye, cowpea, Vigna sinensis. bösmek prov. to explode, böyle (/.) so, thus, in this way; such. — baş, böyle tıraş, proverb (This kind of head gets this kind of haircut.) People get treated according to their appearance or circumstances.
   —   böyle 1. in this way {often used to avoid repeating reported speech). 2. by and by, gradually. — gelmiş, böyle gider, colloq. It’s always been this way and it always will be.
   —   iken anyhow, even though. — olunca since this is the way it is, therefore, so.
böylece (/..) 1. exactly like this. 2. in this way, in this manner, böyleleri, -ni (/...) such people, their like; things like this, böylelikle (/...) in this way. böylemesine (/....) in this way, thus, böylesi, -ni (/..) 1. such a person, a person like this; his/her/its like, one such as this; such a thing: Böylesini hiç görmemiştim. I’ve never seen its like. Seninle birlikte gideriz. Böylesi daha iyi olur, değil mi? We’ll go together. That’ll be better, won’t it? 2. colloq. such: Böylesi kadınlar evden başörtüsüz çıkmaz. Women like this don’t leave the house with their heads uncovered, böylesine (/...) as ... as this, such a, such. Brahma Hinduism Brahma, brahma zool., see brahmatavuğu.
Brahman 1. (a) Brahman, (a) Brahmin. 2. Brahmanic, Brahmanical, pertaining to the Brahmans.
Brahmanizm Brahmanism.
Brahmanlık 1. Brahmanism. 2. being a Brahman.
brahmatavuğu, -nu (./...) zool. (a) brahma, (a) Brahma, (a) bramah, (a) Bramah, Brahmaputra fowl, brakisefal, -li (/...) anat. 1. brachycephalic, brachycephalous. 2. brachycephal. branda (/.) sailor’s hammock. — bezi canvas, branş branch (of study, of a science), bravo (/.) Bravo!/Well done!
Brehmen see Brahman, breş geol. breccia.
brezil bot. 1. brazilwood, brazil, Haematoxylon brasilletto. 2. brazilwood, Caesalpinia bra-siliensis.
Brezilya (./.) 1. Brazil. 2. Brazilian, of Brazil, brezilya (./.) see brezil.
Brezilyalı (./..) 1. (a) Brazilian. 2. Brazilian (person).
brıçka (/.) buggy, lightweight carriage, briç, -çi playing cards bridge, brifing, -gi (/.) briefing.
‘brik, -ki naut. brig, two-masted ship.
2brik, -ki a horse carriage, briket, -ti briquette, briquet.
Britanya (./.) 1. Britain. 2. British, of Britain.
    —     Adaları the British Isles, briyantin brilliantine.
briyantinli brilliantined, greased (hair), brizbiz cafe curtain, brise-bise, brizsoley arch, brise-soleil, sun baffle, brokar brocade, brom chem. bromine, bromür chem. bromide, bronş anat. bronchus, bronşçuk anat. bronchiole, bronşit, -ti path, bronchitis, bronşiyal anat. bronchial. — astım path, bronchial asthma, bronz 1. bronze. 2. bronze, of bronze. B— Çağı the Bronze Age. broş brooch.
broşür pamphlet, brochure, brovnik (/.) see brovning, brovning, -gi (/.) Browning (gun), bröve pilot’s license.
Brunei (/..) see Bruney.
Bruney (/.) 1. Brunei. 2. Brunei, of Brunei. Brüksel (/.) 1. Brussels. 2. Brussels, of Brussels.
brüksellahanası, -ni (.'.........) bot. Brussels
    sprouts, Brassica oleracea gemmifera. brülör burner, combustion unit (for liquid and gaseous fuels), brüt, -tü gross (weight/total/salary).
Bşk. 1. {abbr. for Başkan) president; chairperson. 2. {abbr. for Başkanlık) office of the president.
bu, -nu this. — na to this. — ndan from this.
    —nlar these, —nun of this. — ağza kayık yanaştırmam, colloq. (I won’t paddle up that creek.) I don’t give a damn. — anda at present. — aptesle daha çok namaz kılınır. colloq. (With this ablution one can do a lot more prayers.) By doing it this way we can keep on much longer. — arada 1. meanwhile. 2. among other things. — bakımdan in this respect; from this point of view, —ndan başka besides; moreover. —nunla beraber see bununla birlikte.
    —na binaen obs. so, hence, for this reason, —nda bir iş var. colloq. There is more to this than meets the eye. —nunla birlikte nevertheless, however, yet. —ndan böyle from now on, henceforth, —nun burası colloq. here, this spot. — cihetle/cihetten in this respect; from this point of view.
    —  cümleden as an instance of this. — cümle ile nevertheless. — da geçer yahu. This too will pass; nothing is permanent. — defa this time; and now. — na değdi (idi), buna
    değmedi (idi) diyerek........but on second
    thought I decided that some of them might do. —ndan dolayı because of this, for this reason, therefore. — fakir this poor man,
buat
144
buğdaybiti
    your humble servant, —na gelince as for this. — gibi such, of this kind, like this. — gözle from this point of view. — günlerde
   1.  recently. 2. in the near future. — haysiyetle in this respect, —nun için because of this, for this reason, therefore. — işte bir hikmet var. colloq. There must be a vital reason for it. — itibarla so, therefore, consequently. —ndan iyisi can sağlığı, colloq. (The only thing better than this is survival.) This is the best; nothing could surpass it.
   —   kabilden of this sort. — kadar 1. this much. 2. (after a number) and a little more.
   —   kadar kusur kadı kızında da bulunur. proverb (Even the daughter of the judge has this many faults.) Nothing can be perfect.
   —   merkezde 1. in this sense, to this effect.
   2.  more or less like this. — na mukabil on the other hand. — münasebetle in this connection. — ne perhiz, bu ne lahana turşusu! colloq. (What kind of a diet is this? What is this pickled cabbage?) What a contrast!/How inconsistent! —ndan ötürü see bundan dolayı. — sevdadan vazgeç. colloq. (Give up this love affair.) You’d better give it up. — sıcağa kar mı dayanır? colloq. (Would snow last in this heat?) Even the greatest of fortunes would melt away if money is squandered in bucketfuls, —ndan sonra 1. after this. 2. henceforth, from now on. — takdirde so, therefore, in this case, —nun üzerine then, so. — yakınlarda see bu günlerde, (...dan) — yana since. — zeminde in this sense, to this effect.
buat, -ti elec. junction box. bubi tuzağı, -m (/.) mil. booby trap, bucak 1. corner, nook. 2. subdistrict. — bucak aramak /ı/ to look for (s.o./s.t.) in every nook and corner. — bucak kaçmak /dan/ to run away, escape and hide (from), buç prov. end, limit, buçuk and a half, buçuklu having halves/fractions, bu’d see buut.
Buda (/.) Buddha.
budak 1. knot (in timber). 2. branch. — deliği/ gözü knothole. — özü young shoot, budaklanmak 1. to become knotty. 2. to send out shoots.
budala 1. foolish. 2. imbecile; fool. 3. crazy (about). — yerine koymak III colloq. to take (s.o.) for a fool, budalaca (../.) 1. stupidly. 2. stupidly done, stupid.
budalalaşmak to become foolish, become im-becilic.
budalalık foolishness, stupidity. — etmek to behave foolishly, budama pruning, trimming; lopping. — makası pruning shears, Brit, secateurs, budamak hi to prune, trim; to lop off. budanmak to be pruned, be trimmed; to be lopped off.
Budapeşte (../.) 1. Budapest. 2. Budapest, of Budapest.
budatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) pruned/trimmed/ lopped off.
budayici pruner of trees, tree pruner, tree trimmer (a person).
Budist, -ti 1. (a) Buddhist. 2. Buddhist, pertaining to Buddhism or Buddhists.
Budizm Buddhism, budun people, nation, budunbetim (./..) ethnography, budunbetimci (./...) ethnographer, budunbetimsel (./...) ethnographic, ethnographical, budunbilim (./..) ethnology, budunbilimci (./...) ethnologist, budunbilimsel (./...) ethnologic, ethnological, budunsal ethnic, ethnical, budunsu 1. ethnic. 2. primitive social group, bufa (/.) zool. lamprey, Petromyzon. bugün (/.) today. — lerde in these days. — bana (ise) yarın (da) sana, proverb (Today to me but tomorrow to you.) What has happened to me, may happen to you. — e bugün unquestionably, sure enough (used in emphatic speech). — buldum bugün yerim, yarma Allah kerim, colloq. Today I have found food so I will eat. Tomorrow is in God’s hands. — dünden güzelsin dedik, yine yaranamadık, colloq. I tried all kinds of flattery but to no avail, —den tezi yok right away. — yarm at any time, soon, —den yarına 1. for future generations. 2. within a short time, bugünkü (/..) of today, today’s, for today.
   —     günde under present conditions. — işini yarma bırakma/koyma, proverb Don’t put off today’s work till tomorrow. — tavuk yarınki kazdan iyidir, proverb A chicken today is better than a goose tomorrow, bugünlük (/..) for today. — yarmlik coming soon.
buğday 1. bot. wheat, Triticum. 2. (weight) grain (72 to a miskal). — başak verince, orak pahaya çıkar, proverb When the wheat starts to head, the price of sickles goes up. — benizli dark-skinned. — ekmeğin yoksa buğday dilin de mi yok? proverb (If you don’t have wheat bread can’t you at least have a sweet tongue?) Though you may have nothing to give someone, you can at least be polite and friendly to him/her. — ile koyun, geri yanı oyun. proverb The wheat crop and the sheep are vital; the rest are not important. — rengi darkish (skin). — ım var deme ambara girmeyince, oğlum var deme yoksulluğa ermeyince/düşmeyince, proverb (Don’t say you have wheat until it is in the barn; and don’t say you have a son until you have experienced poverty.) Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched, buğdaybiti, -ni (./..) zool. granary weevil,
 buğdaycık                                       145
   grain weevil, wheat weevil, Sitophilus gr anar ius.
buğdaycık bot. goat grass, Aegilops ovata. buğdaycıl zool. a bird of the thrush family, Luscinia svecica cyanecula. buğdaygiller bot. Gramineae. buğdaygüvesi, -ni (./...) zool. angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella. buğdaypası, -m (./..) wheat rust; wheat mildew.
buğdaysı Wheatlike. — tohum bot. caryopsis. buğdaysılar bot. Graminales. buğday sürmesi, -ni (./...) bot. wheat smut, Tilletia tritici. buğra adult male Bactrian camel, buğu 1. vapor, steam, fog. 2. condensation, condensed vapor. — bağlamak (for a win-dowpane) to get fogged up, be steamed up.
                                                       —ya oturmak to take a steam bath, —da pişirmek /ı/ to stew (s.t.) in a covered pot. buğuevi, -ni (..'..) fumigation station, buğulama 1. steaming. 2. stewing (s.t.) in a covered pot. 3. stewed in a covered pot. buğulamak /if 1. to stew (s.t.) in a covered pot.
   2.    to steam. 3. to make (s.t.) get covered with condensation, buğulandırmak /i/ to make (s.t.) get covered with condensation, buğulanmak to become steamed up, become misted over, buğulaşma 1. evaporation. 2. condensation, buğulaşmak 1. to evaporate, vaporize, turn into steam. 2. to condense, undergo condensation, buğulaştırıcı 1. vaporizer. 2. expansion pipe, buğulu 1. fogged, steamed up. 2. covered with condensation, buğur prov., see buğra, buhar steam, vapor. — banyosu steam bath.
   —     kazanı boiler. — kurutucusu device for drying steam. — makinesi steam engine. Buhara (.—'.) 1. Bukhara, Bokhara. 2. Bukhara, Bukharan, of Bukhara, buharlama treating (cloth/lumber) with steam, buharlaşma evaporation, buharlaşmak to evaporate, vaporize, buharlaştırmak /i/ to vaporize, buharlı steamy, vaporous. — ısıtma/kalorifer steam heating. — lokomotif steam locomotive, steam engine. — ütü steam iron, buhran crisis. — geçirmek 1. to go through a crisis. 2. to have a fit of nerves, buhranlı marked by crises, stressful, buhur incense, buhurdan censer, buhurlamak /i/ to cense, buhurlu smelling of incense, buhurluk see buhurdan, buhurumeryem (.—...) bot. cyclamen, Cyclamen europaeum. buji (/.) spark plug.
bukağı fetter; hobble. — vurmak /a/ to fetter.
bukağılamak /ı/ to fetter.
bukağılı furnished with a fetter, fettered.
                                                                                             bulaşım
bukağılık prov. pastern, bukalemun (../.) 1. zool. chameleon, Chamae-leon vulgaris. 2. colloq. fickle person, chameleon.
buket, -ti bunch of flowers, bouquet, bukle curl, lock (of hair), buklet, -ti 1. boucle, boucle yarn. 2. (garment/ fabric) knitted/woven of boucle yarns, bukran wool for stuffing, bukuk goiter.
Bui. (abbr. for Bulvar, Bulvarı) Blvd. (Boulevard), bul plank.
bula prov. elder sister, bulada (./.) pullet, bulak prov. spring, fountain, bulakotu, -nu (./..) bot. watercress, Nasturtium officinale. bulama a semi-solid molasses of boiled juice of grapes.
bulamaç a thick soup made with flour, butter, and sugar.
bulamak /ı, a/ to roll (s.t.) in, dredge (s.t.) in (flour); to besmear, bedaub (with); to smear (on), bulan discoverer.
bulandırılmak 1. to be made turbid, be muddied; to be soiled. 2. to be upset, be disturbed.
bulandırmak /ı/ 1. to make (a liquid) turbid, muddy, cloud; to soil. 2. to upset, disturb, bulanı chem. flocculation, bulanık turbid, muddy, cloudy, not clear.
   —      suda balık avlamak colloq. to fish in muddy waters, bulanıklık turbidity, muddiness, cloudiness, bulanmak 1. to become turbid/muddy/cloudy/ soiled. 2. /a/ to get covered with/in: Ayakkabılarım çamura bulandı. My shoes’ve gotten muddy. 3. (for the weather) to get cloudy. 4. (for one’s stomach) to get upset.
    5.    (for one’s thoughts) to be upset, be disturbed, become confused, bulantı nausea. — vermek /a/ to nauseate, bulaşıcı contagious, infectious. — hastalık contagious disease, bulaşık 1. dirty dishes. 2. smeared, bedaubed, soiled; tainted. 3. disreputable, suspect, shady, unlawful, improper. 4. clinging, annoying, pestiferous. — bezi dishcloth, dish-rag. — deniz mined waters. — gemi ship with a bad bill of health. — iş something unlawful, shady piece of business. — makinesi dishwasher (machine). — patenti foul bill of health. — suyu dishwater. — suyu gibi (tasting/looking) like dishwater, bulaşıkçı dishwasher (person), bulaşıkçılık dish washing, bulaşıkhane (...— .) scullery, bulaşıklık dish drainer, drainer, bulaşılmak /a/ impersonal passive to get mixed up in (unwillingly/by chance), bulaşım infection.
bulaşımkıran
146
bumburuşuk
bulaşımkıran disinfectant, bulaşkan 1. sticky, adhesive. 2. contentious, combative.
bulaşkanlık 1. stickiness. 2. contentiousness, bulaşkırım asepsis.
bulaşma 1. infection. 2. ling, contamination, bulaşmak /a/ 1. (for s.t. messy) to get on or soil: Ellerime çamur bulaştı. My hands’ve gotten muddy. Sakalıma reçel bulaştı. I’ve got jam in my beard. 2. (for a disease) to infect (s.o.). 3. to get mixed up in (s.t. unpleasant). 4. to pester, bulaşsızlaştırma disinfection, bulaştırmak 1. /ı, a/ to get (s.t. messy) on. 2. /i, a/ to infect (s.o.) with (a disease); hi to spread (a disease). 3. /i, a/ to get (s.o.) mixed up in (s.t. unpleasant), buldok (/.) bulldog, buldozer bulldozer.
buldumcuk olmak to go wild with joy on finding something one has greatly desired, buldurmak h, a/ to help (s.o.) find (s.t.). Bulgar 1. (a) Bulgarian. 2. Bulgarian, pertaining to the Bulgarians or their language. Bulgarca (./.) 1. Bulgarian, the Bulgarian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Bulgarian, Bulgarian. 3. Bulgarian (speech/writing); spoken in Bulgarian; written in Bulgarian, bulgari (..—) a small guitar.
Bulgaristan 1. Bulgaria. 2. Bulgarian, of Bulgaria.
bulgu 1. discovery, finding. 2. invention. 3.
    med. diagnosis, bulgucu discoverer, bulgulama discovering, bulgulamak hi to discover, bulgur 1. bulgur, boiled and pounded wheat.
    2.    snow in small, hard grains. — pilavı dish of boiled pounded wheat, bulgurcuk astr. granulation, bulgurlanma granulation.
Bulgurlu (./.) a village near Üsküdar, —’ya gelin mi gideceksin? colloq. (Are you going as a bride to Bulgurlu?) Why are you in such a hurry?
bulgurluk (wheat) suitable for boiling and pounding to make bulgur, bulgusal heuristic.
bulma 1. (act of) finding/discovering. 2. inventing, invention, bulmaca crossword puzzle, bulmak, -ur 1. hi to find. 2. hi to discover. 3. hi to invent. 4. Ill to reach (a place/a time).
   5.  Ill to amount to (a sum). 6. Ill to find and choose. 7. Ill to experience, arrive at. 8. /a/ to accuse (s.o.) of, impugn (s.o.) with. 9. hi to reach, achieve (an end, health, success).
   10. to be punished, receive one’s just deserts. 11. hi to recall, be able to remember. Buldum bilemedim, bildim bulamadım. proverb When I found it I didn’t know its value; now I know and can’t find it again, bulup buluşturmak 111 to find (s.t.) some-
   how. buldukça bunamak never to be satisfied with what one gets, always to wish for more.
bulucu 1. that finds, capable of finding. 2. discoverer. 3. (radio) detector, bulucuk joke, bulucukçu joker, buluculuk discovering.
buluğ (.—) puberty, —a ermek to reach puberty.
bulunak address (place), bulunç conscience.
bulundurmak hi 1. to have/keep (s.t.) available, at hand, or in stock: Cebinde her zaman kitap bulundurur. He always has a book in his pocket. 2. to keep, maintain (s.o.) in (a specified place): O mafya babası yanında sürekli iki goril bulunduruyor. That mafia chief always keeps two goons at his side.
bulunma 1. being found. 2. being present, presence, being. — durumu gram, the locative, the locative case, bulunmak 1. to be found: Kaybettiğin para bulundu. The money you lost has been found. 2. /da/ to be present, be: Şimdi İzmir’de bulunuyor. He’s in Izmir now. 3. /a/ used with a verbal noun: Ona bir ricada bulundum. I made a request of him. Onlara bir teklifte bulundum. I made a proposal to them, bulunmaz unobtainable, not to be found; rare, choice. — Hint/Bursa kumaşı colloq. very rare person/thing, rara avis, rarity, buluntu 1. a rare find. 2. archaeol. find. 3. foundling.
buluş 1. invention; discovery. 2. original thought, buluşbelgesi, -ni (./...) patent, buluşlu clever, resourceful, buluşma meeting, coming together. — yeri meeting place, buluşmak to meet, come together, buluşturmak hi to get (people) together, buluşturucu pimp, pander, buluşturuculuk pimping, pandering, buluşulmak impersonal passive to meet together.
buluşum visit (at a house of prostitution), buluşumevi, -ni (../..) house of prostitution, bulut, -tu cloud. — gibi colloq. dead drunk, —tan nem kapmak colloq. to be very touchy/suspicious. bulutlanmak to get cloudy, bulutlu 1. cloudy. 2. turbid, opaque, bulutsu astr. nebula, bulvar boulevard.
bumbar 1. large gut for sausages. 2. sausage made of rice and meat stuffed in a large gut. 3. weathers tripping, bumbarlik sausage stuffing, bumburuş (/..) see bumburuşuk, bumburuşuk (/...) very creased, wrinkled all
bumerang
    over.
bumerang, -gı boomerang, bun distress, depression, calamity, trouble, great need.
bunak 1. senile. 2. dotard, bunaklık dotage.
bunalım 1. state of despair/depression. 2. crisis, —a düşmek to become (mentally) depressed.
   —   edebiyatı beat literature. — geçirmek to be in a depression, be (mentally) depressed.
   —   gençliği alienated youth, —a girmek to become (mentally) depressed.
bunalmak 1. /dan/ to be distressed (by smoke/ trouble/talk). 2. to be bored, be depressed, bunaltı 1. discomfort, distress. 2. anxiety, bunaltıcı depressing, suffocating (weather/heat/ person).
bunaltılmak to be depressed, be distressed, bunaltmak /i/ to depress, distress, bunama dotage, second childhood, bunamak to become senile, reach one’s dotage, bunamış 1. dotard. 2. in one’s dotage, bunca (/.) this much, so much. — zaman for such a long time, buncağız this poor little thing, bungalov bungalow.
bungun 1. depressing, oppressing. 2. depressed, out of sorts, bunlu 1. distressed. 2. calamitous, bunluk med. crisis, bunmak, -ar prov. to be dissatisfied, bura (/.) this place, this spot, —da here, —dan from here, hence. —Ian these places.
    —dayım diye bağırmak colloq. to be in plain sight, buracık (/..) this small place, burağan whirlwind, an eddying tempest of wind/rain/snow. buralı (/..) native of this place, buram buram (..'..) 1. (smoke’s emerging) in great clouds/puffs. 2. (s.t.’s smelling) rankly.
    3.    (snow’s falling) in great whirls, in great whirling clouds. 4. (sweating) profusely, buckets. 5. (feeling/perceiving s.t.) greatly, very much: O adamın Avrupalılığını buram buram duyarsın. You can really tell that guy’s a European, buranca (./.) bot. great mullein, Verbascum thapsus. burası, -m (/..) this place, buraya (/..) here, hither, burcu scent. — burcu fragrantly, smelling sweetly.
burcumak prov. to give off a pleasant scent, smell good.
‘burç 1. tower; bastion. 2. astr. a zodiacal constellation. 3. astrol. sign of the zodiac, —lar kuşağı astr. zodiac.
2burç bot. mistletoe, Viscum album. burçak bot. vetch, Vicia/Lathyrus. burdurmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.t.) twisted/wrung.
   2.  to have (a person/an animal) castrated by strangulation of the neck of the scrotum.
                                                                                                burum
burgaç 1. whirlpool. 2. twisted, bent, burgata (./.) unit of measure for the circumference of a rope (about an inch).
Burgaz Adası, -ni (/.) Burgaz (formerly Antigone).
                                                         burgu 1. auger, gimlet. 2. corkscrew. 3. screw.
   4. peg (to tighten a string on a stringed instrument).
burgulamak /ı/ to bore (s.t.) with a gimlet, gimlet.
burgulanmak to be bored with a gimlet, be gimleted.
burgulu 1. furnished with a screw/a gimlet/a borer. 2. threaded. 3. screwed, burhan obs. 1. proof, evidence. 2. log. indisputable argument, argumentum ad rem. burjuva bourgeois.
burjuvalık bourgeois character, bourgeois nature (of s.o ./s.t.). burjuvazi bourgeoisie.
                                                         Burkina Faso (./. /.) 1. Burkina Faso. 2.
    Burkina Faso, Burkinese, of Burkina Faso, burkmak 1. /i/ to twist (a joint); to sprain (a joint). 2. to be sprained, burkulma sprain.
burkulmak to be'twisted; to be sprained, burkulmuş twisted/sprained (joint).
Burma (/.) see Birmanya, burma 1. twisting; wringing. 2. castration. 3. griping. 4. giving an acrid taste to one’s mouth. 5. twisted, convoluted. 6. a pastry with pistachios and syrup. 7. tap, faucet, cock. — sank turban with thick coils, bur maç corkscrew.
burmak /ı/ 1. to twist, screw; to wring. 2. to castrate by strangulation of the neck of the scrotum. 3. to have sharp intestinal pains. 4. to give (one’s mouth) an acrid taste, burmalı 1. having a spiral. 2. furnished with a screw thread, burnaz prov. (s.o.) who has a big hooked nose, burs a scholarship, study grant.
Bursa (/.) 1. Bursa, Brusa, Brussa (the ancient Prusa). 2. Bursa, of Bursa, bur siyer holder of a scholarship, scholarship holder.
burtlak prov. 1. (a) young swine, piglet; sucking pig; shoat. 2. stony ground covered with bushes.
buru prov. 1. sharp stomach pain. 2. pains of childbirth.
                                                          buruk 1. astringent, puckery. 2. twisted, sprained. 3. oversensitive (person). 4. lumber with twisted patterns in its grain, burukluk 1. astringency, puckeriness. 2. being upset, resentment, burulma 1. twist. 2. sharp stomach pains. 3.
                                                          sulkiness, crossness, burulmak 1. to twist around, writhe. 2. to cramp, give intestinal pain. 3. /a/ to get cross (over), burum 1. twist, contortion. 2. cramp, sharp intestinal pain. — burum sharply, with
burun
 148
buyurmak
   cramps.
burun, -rnu 1. nose. 2. beak, bill. 3. tip, pointed end. 4. headland, cape, point. 5. pride, arrogance. 6. nasal. — boşluğu anat. nasal cavity. — burmak /a/ to curl one’s nostrils in disdain, turn one’s nose up (at).
   —   buruna close together, very close. — buruna gelmek /la/ to run into, almost to collide with. — bükmek /a/ to turn one’s nose up (at). — u büyük arrogant, conceited. —u büyümek to become conceited, —unu çekmek 1. to sniff. 2. colloq. not to get anything. — una çıkmak to become unbearable (to). — deliği nostril, —unun dibinde under one’s very nose, very close, —unun dikine gitmek to do what one feels to be best without asking for advice. — direği nasal septum, —unun direği kırılmak to feel suffocated by a bad smell, —unun direği sızlamak 1. to be in a lot of pain. 2. to be sorry for someone, —unun doğrusuna gitmek see burnunun dikine gitmek. — u düşmek to be suffocated by a bad smell, —undan düşen bin parça olmak to look very disgruntled, wear a very sour face, —undan (fitil fitil) gelmek to suffer so much after gaining something good that one regrets ever having gained it. — una gelmek see burnuna çıkmak, —undan getirmek /ı, mJ to make (s.o.) regret (having done s.t.). —una girmek /m/ to come too close (to a person). — u havada conceited, stuck-up. —una hırızmayı takmak Iml to twist (s.o.) around one’s little finger. —u kabarmak to become conceited. — u Kaf dağında very conceited. — kanadı ala of the nose. — u kanamadan without being hurt, without the slightest scratch. — u kanamak to have a nosebleed. — kanaması nosebleed, epistaxis. — kemiği anat. nasal bone, os nasale. —undan kıl aldırmamak to be very conceited and unapproachable, —unu kırmak Iml to humiliate. — kıvırmak /a/ to turn one’s nose up (at), sniff (at), —unda kokmak see burnunda tütmek. — nezlesi rhinitis. — perdesi anat. nasal septum. — u-nu sıksan canı çıkar, colloq. He’s/She’s nothing but a puny runt, —unu silmek to wipe one’s nose, —unu sokmak /a/ to poke one’s nose into (s.t.). —undan solumak to be enraged, get angry, —unu sürmek /a/ burnunu sokmak. —unu sürtmek to back down and accept what one has scorned.
   —   u sürtülmek to learn one’s lesson through a humiliating experience. — şişirmek to swell with pride. — tapası mil. nose fuse. —unda tütmek to long for, crave for. —unun ucunda under one’s nose, very close, —unun ucunu görmemek to be dead drunk, —unun ucundan ilerisini görmemek to be unable to see further than one’s nose, —undan yakalanmak to be well and truly caught. — yapmak to stick one’s nose up
   in the air, be arrogant, —unun yeli harman savurmak 1. to be very conceited. 2. to be in a towering rage, be breathing fire. — u-nu yere sürtmek see burnu sürtülmek. — zarı anat. nasal mucous membrane, nasal mucosa.
Burundi (./.) 1. Burundi. 2. Burundi, of Burundi.
burunduruk prov. blacksmith’s barnacles, burunlu 1. (s.o./an animal) who/which has a nose (of a specified shape). 2. (s.t.) which has a point/a tip/an end (of a specified shape). 3. conceited, arrogant, burunotu, -nu (./..) snuff, burunsak see burunsalık, burunsalık 1. a muzzle to prevent a calf from suckling. 2. muzzle (for an animal), buruntu spasm of the colon, buruş pucker, wrinkle; crumple, corrugation.
   —      buruş olmak to be badly wrinkled, buruşmak 1. to become puckered/wrinkled/ crumpled/ruffled. 2. to get a sour taste (in one’s mouth), buruşturmak hi to pucker, wrinkle, crumple, ruffle, contort, buruşuk puckered, wrinkled, crumpled, ruffled, buruşukluk pucker, wrinkle, crease, buse (—.) kiss.
buselik (—..) classical Turk. mus. a makam, but 1. thigh. 2. rump. 3. leg (of meat).
Butan (/.) 1. Bhutan. 2. Bhutan, Bhutanese, of Bhutan, butik boutique, small retail store, butikçi owner of a boutique, butlan law invalidity, nullity, voidness, buut dimension, buutlu dimensional, buymak prov. to freeze to death, buyruk command, decree. — u altma girmek Iml to be put under the command (of). — kulu see emir kulu. — tutmak to obey orders.
buyrulmak to be ordered, be decreed, buyrultu 1. firman, imperial edict. 2. command.
buyrum will power, will, buyrumlu strong-willed, resolute, buyur used in: — etmek h, a/ 1. to invite (s.o.) into (one’s home, a room, etc.). 2. to invite (s.o.) to (a table spread with food), buyurgan dictator, tyrant, buyurganlık dictatorship, tyranny, buyurma 1. ordering, decreeing. 2. honoring somebody with one’s presence, buyurmak 1. /a, ı/ to command (s.o.) to (do s.t.), order (s.o.) to (do s.t.). 2. hi to require one to, entail. 3. Ill to say (used either jocularly or in very polite speech). 4. /a/ to go into; to come into (used in very polite speech). 5. hi to take; to have (used in very polite speech): Çayınızı buyurunuz! Here is your tea. Meyve buyurmaz mısınız? Won’t you have some fruit? 6. used instead
buyuru                                             149
   of etmek in compound verbs in very formal speech: Cumhurbaşkanı beni kabul buyurdular. The president received me. Buyur? Would you mind repeating that?/I beg your pardon? Buyurun ./Buyurunuz. 1 Please come in! 2. Please sit down! 3. Please help yourself!/Please have some! Buyurun cenaze namazına! (Come to the funeral service!) We’ve had it! (said when faced with an unexpected and unpleasant situation). buyuru command, buyurucu commander.
buz 1. ice. 2. very cold. — akıntısı ice stream.
   —   bağlamak see buz tutmak., —lar çözülmek to have the social atmosphere warm up. — gibi 1. icy, very cold. 2. colloq. in very good condition, clean and fresh, fat and firm (meat). 3. colloq. regular, good and proper. — gibi soğumak /dan/ to lose one’s affection completely (for). — kesilmek 1. to freeze, be frozen. 2. to be stunned.
   —   kesmek to freeze,' feel very cold. — mıhı sharp-headed nail used in winter on boot soles or horseshoes to check slipping. — parçası ice block. — tabakası sheet of ice.
   —   tutmak to freeze, be covered with ice.
   —   üstüne yazı yazmak to waste one’s time trying something impossible. — yalağı geog. cirque, corrie.
buzağı 1. un weaned calf. 2. fawn, buzağıburnu, -nu (../..) bot. great snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus. buzağılamak to calve.
buzağılık 1. place where calves are penned. 2. last month of a grazing season; last hay of the season (used to feed the calves), buzcu an ice dealer, iceman, buzçiçeği, -ni (/...) bot. ice plant, Mesembry-anthemum crystallinum. buzçözer (/..) defroster, buzdağı, -ni (/.•) iceberg.
Buzdenizi, -ni (/...) the Arctic Sea. buzdolabı, -ni (/...) refrigerator, icebox, buzhane (.—.) 1. ice house; ice factory. 2.
   cold storage plant, buzkıran icebreaker, buzla (/.) (polar) ice field, buzlanmak to get icy, be covered with ice; to be frosted up, be frosted over, buzlu 1. iced; mixed with ice. 2. frosted, icy.
   3.     translucent, frosted (glass), buzlucam (./.) milk glass, frosted glass, buzluğan snow-capped mountain peak, buzluk 1. freezing compartment. 2. ice cube tray. 3. cooler, ice chest, buzuki (./.) mus. bouzouki. buzul glacier. — devri geol. glacial period/ epoch, ice age. — kaynağı glacial spring.
   —      seli glacial flood, buzulbilim (./..) glaciology, buzulbilimci (./...) glaciologist, buzulbilimsel (./...) glaciological, glaciologic. buzulkar (./.) neve, firn.
                                                                                                   bülbül
buzullaşma glaciation, buzullaşmak to glaciate, buzulmasasi, -m (./...) glacier table, buzultaş (./.) moraine, bücür short (of stature), squat, bücürleşmek to get short (in stature), bücürlük shortness (of stature), büfe (/.) 1. sideboard, buffet; china cabinet. 2. table laid with food and drinks where guests may serve themselves. 3. stand/ counter where drinks, food, and sundries are sold.
büfeci (/..) operator of a stand/a counter where drinks, food, and sundries are sold, büfecilik (/...) operation of a stand/a counter where drinks, food, and sundries are sold, büğe zool. gadfly, Tabanus bovinus. — sokmuşa dönmek colloq. to rage as if stung, büğelek zool., see büğe, büğemek hi prov. to dam (an irrigation canal), büğet, -ti prov. weir, dam. büğlü mus. saxhorn, bük, -kü riparian thicket, büken anat. flexor.
                                                           büklüm 1. coil, twist; curl. 2. fold. 3. anat.
    plica. — büklüm in curls, curly, bükme 1. bent, crooked; folded; twisted; twined, spun. 2. twisted thread. 3. crepe. 4. flexion, bükmek h/ 1. to bend. 2. to twist, curl, contort. 3. to fold. 4. to spin; to twine. Bükemediğin eli öp, başına koy. proverb, see Isıramadığm eli öp, başına koy.
                                                           Bükreş (/.) 1. Bucharest (in Romania). 2.
    Bucharest, of Bucharest, bükük bent; twisted.
bükülgen 1. easily bent. 2. ling, inflected by internal change, bükülme distortion; being bent, bükülmek 1. to be bent. 2. to be twisted. 3.
    to be rolled up. 4. to be folded, bükülü bent, crooked; twisted, curled; spun, bükülüm flexion.
                                                           büküm 1. twist, twine, curl, torsion, bend, fold.
    2.    ling, inflection by internal change, bükümlü ling, inflectional (language), bükünmek to writhe (with pain).
                                                           büküntü 1. bend, fold, twist. 2. intestinal spasm.
    3. hairpin turn.
bülbül 1. zool. nightingale, Luscinia mega-rhyncha. 2. any singing bird of the warbler or oriole family. —ü altm kafese koymuşlar, “Ah vatanım,” demiş, proverb (The nightingale had a golden cage, but it cried for its home.) There is nothing like freedom. — çanağı gibi tiny (bowl), —ün çektiği dili belasıdır, proverb (A nightingale suffers because of the errors of its tongue.) All trouble comes from not holding one’s tongue. — dişi a fine needlework.
    —  gibi (talking) fluently, in an unrestrained way. — gibi konuşmak to speak fluently.
    —  gibi söylemek to tell all, give it all away, spill the beans. — gibi şakımak to speak in
bülbülyuvası
150
Büyükada
    pleasant, happy tones. — kesilmek to give in and tell one’s secrets, confess; to spill the beans.
bülbülyuvası, -m (./...) a sweet pastry somewhat like baklava, bülten 1. brief report (issued by a private or an official agency). 2. journal (issued by an academic or a government institution), bulletin.
bünye 1. structure. 2. bodily constitution, bürgü prov. 1. head scarf; veil; woman’s cloak.
   2. light curtain, büro (/.) 1. office. 2. agency; bureau, bürokrasi bureaucracy; red tape, bürokrat, -ti bureaucrat, bürokratik bureaucratic, bürülü /a/ 1. wrapped up in, folded up in. 2.
   enveloped in. bürüm 1. roll, fold. 2. involucre, bürümcek 1. ball, clew, skein. 2. outer threads of the silkworm’s cocoon, bürümcük a crepe made of raw silk, bürümek hi 1. to cover up, fill (a place); to spread over, take over (a place). 2. to wrap, enfold, bürün mus. prosody.
bürünmek 1. hi to wrap (s.t.) around o.s. 2. /a/ to wrap o.s. up (in). 3. /a/ (for a place) to be filled with (smoke). 4. /a/ to play the role of.
bürünsel prosodic, prosodical, prosodiac, pro-sodiacal.
büsbütün (/..) altogether, wholly, completely, büst, -tü bust, a portrait sculpture, bütan chem. butane.
bütçe budget. — açığı budget deficit. — fazlası budget surplus. — müzakeresi budget debate. — yılı budget year, bütün 1. whole, entire, total, complete. 2. unbroken, undivided. 3. (before plural form) all. 4. large (bill/money). 5. (a) whole, (a) totality. 6. total, sum. 7. slang ten-lira piece.
   —   bütün totally, altogether. — bütüne completely, altogether.
bütüncü phil. 1. (a) holist. 2. holistic, bütüncül totalitarian (government/regime), bütüncüllük totalitarianism, bütüncülük phil. holism, bütünleme 1. completion. 2. make-up examination. —ye kalmak to fail a course but have the right ,to a make-up examination.
   —      smavi make-up examination, bütünlemek hJ 1. to complete; to make complete. 2. to convert (coins) into bills.
bütünlemeli (student) who has to take a make-up examination, bütünlenmek to be completed, bütünler complementary, complemental; supplementary, supplemental. — açı geom. supplementary angle, bütünleşme integration, bütünleşmek 1. to become a united whole. 2. /la/ to integrate (with/into).
bütünlük wholeness, entireness, completeness, integrity, bütünsel integral; total, bütünsellik integrality, büve zool., see büğe, büvelek zool., see büğe.
‘büvet, -ti prov., see büğet.
2büvet, -ti refreshment counter, snack bar. büyü magic, spell, incantation, sorcery, charm.
    —     bozmak to break a spell, —süne tavşan başı! colloq. (A hare’s head against his/her spell!) May his/her spell be broken! — yapmak /a/ to cast a spell (on), büyücek somewhat large, büyücü magician, sorcerer; witch, büyücülük magic, sorcery; witchcraft, büyük 1. big, large. 2. old; older, senior. 3. one’s senior, older person; person whose rank/qualities command respect. 4. important; grand, chief, major. 5. great, grand, exalted, —ler 1. the great. 2. adults. — aile extended family. — aptes 1. (human) feces.
    2. the need to defecate. — aptesi gelmek to need to defecate, need to do a BM. — atardamar anat. aorta. — balık küçük balığı yutar, proverb A big fish swallows a little fish. — baston naut. jib boom. — başın derdi büyük olur, proverb Great heads have great troubles. B— Bayram the Greater Bairam, the Feast of the Sacrifice. — bilmek hi to esteem (s.o.) highly.
    —le büyük, küçükle küçük olmak to treat people, young and old, according to their age and interests, —ten büyüğe law by primogeniture. — defter fin. ledger. — görmek 1. /kendini/ to overrate o.s. 2. I\l to esteem (s.o.) highly. — hanım the older/ oldest lady of the house. — harf capital letter, capital, majuscule, upper case. — harf tuşu caps lock; shift key (on the keyboard of a computer/a typewriter). — ikramiye first prize (in a lottery). — kalori large calorie. — kasa central pay office. — komutanlık mil. high command. — laf etmek to talk big. — lokma ye, büyük söz söyleme. proverb Eat a big mouthful, but don’t make big promises. — mevlit ayı Rabi I, the third month of the Muslim calendar. B— Millet Meclisi the Grand National Assembly (of Turkey). — oynamak gambling to play for high stakes. — ölçüde 1. on a large scale.
    2.     in large measure, to a great degree. — önerme log. major premise. — para a lot of money. — sayılar kanunu statistics law of large numbers. — (söz) söylemek to talk big, boast. — söz big talk. — sözüme tövbe! colloq. I hate to talk big, but .... — terim log. major term. — tonoz demiri naut. best bower. — tövbe ayı Jumada I, the fifth month of the Muslim calendar. — ünlü uyumu phon. two-form vowel harmony. — yemin solemn oath, binding oath. Büyükada (./..) Büyük Ada (in the Sea of
büyükamiral
   Marmara) (formerly Prinkipo). büyükamiral, -li (..'...) navy full admiral; (in England) the Admiral of the Fleet, the First Sea Lord, büyükana (./..) prov., see büyükanne, büyükanne (./..) grandmother.
Büyükayı (./..) astr. the Big Dipper, Ursa Major.
büyükayrıkotu, -nu (./....) bot. Bermuda grass, dog’s tooth grass, Cynodon dactylon. büyükbaba (..'..) grandfather, büyükbaldıran (./...) bot. poison hemlock, Conium maculatum. büyükbaş (./.) cattle (cows/oxen/water buffaloes).
Büyük Britanya Great Britain, büyükçe 1. rather large, a little big. 2. rather important.
büyükdevedikeni, -ni (./.....) bot. cardoon,
   Cynara cardunculus. büyükelçi (./..) ambassador, büyükelçilik (./...) embassy.
büyükhindistancevizi, -ni (./....) 1. coconut
   (fruit). 2. bot. coconut palm, Cocos nucifera.
büyükısırganotu, -nu (./.....) bot. stinging
   nettle, large nettle, Urtica dioica.
Büyük Kanyon the Grand Canyon (in the U.S.A.).
büyükkarga (./..) zool. raven, Corvus corax.
büyükkervançulluğu, -nu (./..........) zool.
   European curlew, Numenius arquatus. büyüklenme haughtiness, arrogance, büyüklenmek to become haughty/arrogant, büyüklü used in: — küçüklü 1. (everybody) young and old. 2. small and large, büyüklük 1. bigness, largeness. 2. greatness.
   3. importance, gravity. 4. size. 5. seniority.
   —     deliliği see büyüklük hastalığı. — delisi see büyüklük hastası. — göstermek to show generosity, act nobly. — hastalığı megalomania. — hastası 1. (a) megalomaniac. 2. megalomaniac (person). — taslamak to put on airs, büyükmartı (./..) zool. herring gull, Larus argentatus.
Büyük Okyanus the Pacific Ocean, büyükseme overestimation, overvaluation, büyüksemek /i/ to overrate, overestimate, overvalue.
büyüksü (child) who acts with maturity, büyüktoykuşu, -nu (./...) zool. great bustard, Otis tarda.
büyüleme 1. bewitchment, bewitching. 2.
   charming, fascination, enchantment, büyülemek hi 1. to bewitch. 2. to charm, fascinate, enchant, büyülenme 1. bewitchment, being bewitched.
   2. being charmed, fascination, being en-
151                                              büzüşük
         chanted.
      büyülenmek 1. to be bewitched. 2. to be charmed, be fascinated, be enchanted, büyüleyici fascinating, charming, enchanting, bewitching, büyülteç phot, enlarger, büyültme 1. enlargement, making (s.t.) bigger/ larger. 2. phot, enlargement, blowup, büyültmek hi 1. to make (s.t.) bigger/larger.
         2.    phot, to enlarge. 3. to exaggerate, büyülü 1. enchanted, spellbound. 2. (s.t.) possessing magical powers, büyüme growing up, development. — faktörü biol. growth factor. — halkası bot. growth ring, annual ring. — hızı growth rate. — hormonu growth hormone, büyümek 1. to’grow. 2. to grow up. 3. to become bigger/larger. 4. to become more important. 5. to increase; to get more intense; to expand, büyümüş de küçülmüş (a child) who is very wise and mature for his/her age. büyümseme see büyükseme. büyümsemek hi see büyüksemek. büyüsel magic, magical, büyüteç magnifying glass, büyütkendoku (../..) bot. meristem, büyütme 1. enlargement, making (s.t.) bigger/ larger. 2. magnification, magnifying. 3. phot. enlargement, blowup. 4. exaggeration. 5. foster child. 6. girl brought up as a servant, büyütmek hi 1. to enlarge, make (s.t.) bigger/ larger. 2. to magnify. 3. to exaggerate. 4. to bring up (a child), büyütmelik 1. foster daughter. 2. girl brought up as a servant, büz (clay/cement) pipe; tile, büzdürmek 1. I\l to gather, draw together. 2.
         /a, i/ to make (s.o.) constrict (s.t.). büzgen anat. sphincter, büzgü smocking, shirr; gather, büzgülü smocked, shirred; full and gathered (garment).
      büzme 1. gathering, drawing together. 2. constricting, constriction. 3. (bag) drawn together with a string, büzmek hi 1. to gather, draw together; to pucker. 2. to constrict, büzük 1. contracted, constricted, puckered. 2. vulg. anus. 3. slang guts, nerve, courage, pluck.
      büzüktaş colloq. close friend, pal, buddy, büzülmek 1. to be gathered, be drawn together; to be puckered. 2. to be constricted. 3. to shrink, shrivel up. 4. to crouch, cower, draw one’s body together, büzülüp kalmak to shrink into one’s shoes, büzüşmek to pucker, büzüşük puckered.
c
C 1. the letter C. 2. chem. C (carbon). 3. mus. C (the first note in the scale of C major or the key based on this note). 4. C (the Roman numeral symbol for 100). 5. C (Centigrade/Celsius). — vitamini vitamin C.
C. 1. (abbr. for Cadde, Caddesi) Ave. (Avenue). 2. (abbr. for Cumhuriyet, Cumhuriyeti) R., Rep. (Republic), c. (abbr. for cilt) vol. (volume).
Ca chem. Ca (calcium).
caba 1. free, for nothing. 2. and what’s more.
cabadan free, gratis.
cacık a kind of cold soup made of yogurt, garlic, and chopped cucumber/lettuce and served as a side dish, caciklik slang stupid.
Cad. (abbr. for Cadde, Caddesi) Ave. (Avenue).
cadaloz 1. irascible, shrewish (woman). 2.
   shrew, nagging woman, cadalozlaşmak to behave like a shrew, cadalozluk being shrewish, cadde avenue, main street in a city, thoroughfare. —yi tutmak 1. to close off the street. 2. slang to clear out. cadı 1. witch. 2. hag, cantankerous and ugly old woman. — gibi like a hag. — kazanı den of intrigue, den of mischief. — maki zool. tarsier, Tarsius. cadılaşmak (for a woman) to become ugly and cantankerous, cadılık 1. witchcraft, magic; spell. 2. cantankerousness. — etmek to show a bad temper, be irritable, cadısüpürgesi, -ni (./....) 1. bot. a fungus which causes witches’-broom to grow on fruit trees, Taphrina. 2. witches’-broom, cafcaf colloq. 1. pomp, pompousness, showiness. 2. high-sounding nonsense, cafcaflı pompous, showy, cafcuf see cafcaf, cafcuflu see cafcaflı.
Caferi (—.—) Islam 1. (a) Djafari. 2. Djafari, of the Djafaris.
‘cağ prov. balustrade.
2cağ prov. 1. spoking (of a wheel). 2. spoke (of a wheel).
3cağ prov. 1. gamebag. 2. pouch, small bag.
   3. gunny sack, gunny-bag, sack.
4cağ prov. washbasin,'washtub.
5cağ prov. knitting needle (for stockings), cahil (—.) 1. ignorant. 2. illiterate, uneducated.
   3. inexperienced, untaught, —in dostlu-
   ğundan, âlimin düşmanlığı yeğdir, proverb It is better to have a cultivated enemy than an ignorant friend. — e söz anlatmak, deveye hendek atlatmaktan güçtür, proverb It is harder to make a fool understand something than to make a camel jump a ditch.
cahiliye (—...) pre-Islamic Arabian paganism;
   the time of pre-Islamic Arabian paganism, cahiliyet, -ti (—...) 1. obs. ignorance. 2. see cahiliye.
cahillik (—..) 1. ignorance. 2. a stupid act. — etmek 1. to show one’s ignorance. 2. to do something stupid, caiz (—.) religiously permissible; proper, right, acceptable. — görmek /ı/ to deem (s.t.) proper; to regard (s.t.) as permissible, caka slang showing off, show-off, swagger, ostentation, pretense, pretentiousness. — sat-mak/yapmak to show off, swagger, cakacı slang 1. show-off, swaggerer. 2. (s.o.) who is a show-off; (s.t.) characteristic of a show-off; swaggering, cakacılık slang showing off, show-off, pretense, cakalı slang characteristic of a show-off; ostentatious, pretentious, ca’li (.—) obs., see cali, cali (— —) obs. false, insincere, artificial, calip (—.) obs. 1. Ill (s.o./s.t.) which attracts/ draws/arouses/excites: Dikkati calip bir kelimedir. It’s a word which will attract attention. 2. attractive, fetching. 3. hi (s.o./s.t.) which causes or brings about.
Calut (-------) Goliath.
cam 1. glass. 2. glass, made of glass. 3. pane of glass; windowpane. 4. window. — ı çerçeveyi indirmek to go berserk. — elyaf fiberglass. — eşya glassware. — evi rabbet, rebate, groove for a pane of glass. — fabrikası glassworks. — geçirmek /a/ to glaze, glass (a window). — gibi 1. glasslike, glassy, vitreous. 2. lackluster, dull (eye); glazed, vacant (look). — macunu putty, glazier’s putty, glazing compound. — mozaik mosaic made of glass. — resim composition made of stained glass. — sileceği auto, windshield wiper. — takmak /a/ 1. to install a pane of glass in. 2. to put a lens in (a frame of a pair of eyeglasses). — yuvası see cam evi. camadan 1. prov. double-breasted vest, usually of embroidered velvet. 2. naut. reef (in a sail), —i fora etmek naut. to shake out a
cambaz
   reef. — vurmak naut. to reef a sail, cambaz 1. acrobat; rope dancer. 2. horse dealer.
   3.    swindler. 4. one who is especially skilled in something. — ipte, balık dipte gerek. proverb An acrobat’s place is on a tightrope, a fish’s is in the water, cambazhane (..— .) a place where acrobats perform.
cambazlık 1. acrobatics. 2. trickiness, cambul cumbul (./ ..) 1. too watery (food).
   2. with a slopping/splashing sound, camcı 1. glassmaker; glassblower; glassworker. 2. glazier, glassworker. 3. seller of glass. 4. slang peeping Tom, voyeur. — elması glass cutter (a tool). — macunu putty, glazier’s putty, glazing compound, camcılık 1. glassmaking; glassblowing; glass-work, glassworking. 2. glaziery, glasswork, being a glazier. 3. being a seller of glass, selling glass. 4. slang voyeurism, camekân 1. display window. 2. display case, glass case, showcase. 3. glassy partition. 4. small greenhouse, cold frame, or hotbed (for plants). 5. glassed changing cubicle (in a Turkish bath). 6. slang eyeglasses, specs, camgöbeği, -ni (/...) 1. (a) bluish green, aquamarine. 2. blue-green, aquamarine, camgöz 1. person who has a glass eye. 2. stingy, miserly. 3. zool. tope, Galeus canis. camgüzeli, -ni (/...) bot. sultana, impatiens, impatience, Brit, busy Lizzie, sultan’s flower, Impatiens sultani. camız prov., zool. water buffalo, Bubalus bu-balis.
cami, -ii/-si (—.) mosque, —in/—nin mumunu yiyen kedinin gözü kör olur, proverb (The cat which eats the candles of a mosque will go blind.) If a person betrays the trust that his/her benefactors have placed in him/ her he/she will never succeed in anything.
   —      ne kadar büyük olsa imam yine bildiğini okur, proverb (No matter how big the mosque is, the prayer-leader recites what he knows.) It is the responsible person who makes the final decision. — yıkılmış, ama mihrabı yerinde, colloq. (Even though the mosque is ruined its mihrab is still erect.) She is still beautiful in spite of her age. cami, -ii (— —) obs. 1. /i/ (s.t.) which comprehends, which contains, which includes: Mektebin altı bin kitabı cami bir kütüphanesi var. The school has a library which contains six thousand books. 2. /i/ (s.o./s.t.) who/which collects or brings together. 3. compiler, anthologist, camia (—..) group; (an) association; (a) fellowship; (a) community, camit (—.) obs. 1. inanimate, lifeless. 2. frozen, camkanatlilar (/....) zool. AegeriidaelSesi-idae.
camkeser glass cutter (a tool), camlamak III to glass, glaze; to glass in; to fit/cover (s.t.) with glass.
                                                                                                can
camlanmak to be glassed, be glazed; to be glassed in; to be fitted/covered with glass, camlaşmak to become glassy, become glasslike; to vitrify, camlatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) glass (s.t.), have (s.o.) glaze (s.t.); to have (s.o.) glass in (a place); to have (s.o.) fit/cover (s.t.) with glass; hi to have (s.t.) glassed, have (s.t.) glazed; to have (s.t.) glassed in; to have (s.t.) fitted/covered with glass, camlı fitted with glass, glassed, glazed; glassed-in. — bölme glass partition. — dolap glass-fronted cabinet. — sünger zool. glass sponge, Hyalospongiae/Triaxonia. — yastık cold frame, hotbed (for plants), camlık 1. glassed-in area. 2. small greenhouse, campamuğu, -nu (/...) see camyünü. camsı 1. glasslike. 2. anat. vitreous. — cisim anat. vitreous humor, vitreous body, corpus vitreum.
camsuyu, -nu (/..) water glass, sodium silicate, camyünü, -nü (/..) glass wool, can 1. soul. 2. life. 3. person, individual. 4. energy, zeal, vigor; vitality, strength. 5. dervish orders brother, friend; disciple. 6. dear, lovable. — ım 1. (./) darling, honey, my dear. 2. (/.) my dear fellow; my dear lady (often used in reproach!objection). 3. (—.) precious, lovely. — ı acımak to feel pain.
   —ma acımamak to live without thinking of one’s own comfort. — acısı acute pain, —mı acıtmak /in/ to cause (s.o.) acute pain, —i ağzına gelmek to be frightened to death. — alacak nokta/yer the crucial point.
   —  alıp can vermek to be in agony; to be in great distress, —mı almak Iml to kill. — arkadaşı close companion, intimate friend.
   —  atmak /a/ to desire strongly, want badly, —mı bağışlamak Iml to spare (s.o.’s) life.
   —  baş üstüne! colloq. I’ll do it gladly!/ Gladly! —la başla çalışmak to put one’s heart into a job, work with determination and enthusiasm. — başıma sıçradı, colloq.
   I was terribly frightened ./I was beside myself with fear. — benim canım, çıksın elin cam. colloq. (It’s my life that is at stake; let a stranger die.) I’ll look out for number one. — beslemek to feed o.s. well, —mdan bezmek/bıkmak to be tired of living. — boğazdan geçer/gelir, proverb (Life enters by the gullet.) One cannot live without food, —i boğazına gelmiş on the point of death. — borcunu ödemek to die.
   —  bostanda bitmez, proverb (Human life doesn’t sprout in gardens.) Once you’ve lost your life you can’t regain it. — ı burnuna gelmek 1. to be overwhelmed with trouble. 2. to be fed up. — ı burnundan gelmek (—ı burnunda olmak) to be worn out, be exhausted. — cana in close companionship. — cana, baş başa everyone for himself/herself, —a can katmak to delight greatly, increase one’s pleasure. —ı cana
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ölçmeli. proverb (One should measure others by one’s self.) Think how you would feel before you harm another person. — candan şirindir/tatlıdır, proverb Your own affairs are what are most important to you. — canın yoldaşıdır, proverb People need companions ./One cannot live alone, —i canına sığmamak to be very impatient; to fret. —i cebinde very frail (person). —i cehenneme! colloq. To hell with him/her! —mı cehenneme göndermek /m/ colloq. to kill. — ım ciğerim my darling.
—   cümleden aziz, proverb One’s life is more precious than everything else. — çabası the struggle to support oneself. — ı çekilmek to feel exhausted. — çekişmek to be dying in agony. — çekişmedense ölmek yeğdir, proverb Better to die quickly than to suffer a long time. — ı çekmek lif to long (for), —mı çıkarmak Iml 1. to wear out, tire. 2. to wear (s.t.) out. —ı çı-kasica accursed, damned, damn. — ı çıka-sica! colloq., see Cam çıksın! — ı çıkmak
1.  to die. 2. to be dog-tired, be worn to a frazzle. 3. to get worn out. —ı çıksın! colloq. May the devil take him/her! — çıkmayınca huy çıkmaz, proverb People never change. — daman vital point, most sensitive spot. — damarına basmak fmJ to touch on the most sensitive spot of (s.o./s.t.). —mi (bir yere) dar atmak just barely to make it to (a safe place). — dayanmamak /a/ to be intolerable. — ma değmek Iml 1. to please greatly. 2. to cause joy to the spirit (of a deceased person). — derdine düşmek to struggle for one’s life. “-ım” dese “canın çıksın” diyor sanmak to hear “darling” and understand “damn you.” — direği sound post (of a violin), —mı dişine takmak/almak to make a great effort, put one’s back into it, go all out, give it one’s all. — dostu dear friend. — ma düşkün (one) who takes good care of himself/herself. — düşmanı mortal enemy. — evi 1. the upper part of the belly. 2. heart. 3. the vital spot. — evinden vurmak 111 to attack (a person) where he/she is most sensitive and vulnerable. — ma ezan okumak Iml slang to kill, destroy. — feda! colloq. Wonderful !/Superb! —dan geçmek to give up the ghost. — ma geçmek Iml see canma işlemek, —a gelecek (kaza/zarar) mala gelsin, proverb It is better to lose one’s property than to lose one’s life. — gelmek /a/ to be refreshed, revive. — ı gelip gitmek to have fainting spells. — ı gitmek to worry about the safety and well-being of someone/ something. — ım hakkı için as a favor to me. — halatı naut. life line. — havliyle in a desperate attempt to save one’s life. — i-mm içi my darling. — ı içine sığmamak to be jumping for joy, be very glad, —mm içine sokacağı gelmek hi to feel a strong
wave of love (for). — ı ile oynamak to do dangerous things. — ı istemek hi to desire.
 —m isterse, colloq. If you like ./I don’t care. — ma işlemek Iml to touch (s.o.) to the quick. — kalmamak /da/ to have all the life drained out (of). — ma kâr etmek Iml see canma işlemek, —a kasıt law intent to murder. — ma kastetmek Iml to plot against (s.o.’s) life. — kaygısına düşmek to fight for one’s life. — ı kaymak isteyen mandayı yanında taşır, proverb If you insist on cream, keep your own cow. —ına kıymak 1. Iml to kill (s.o./an animal) without pity. 2. to commit suicide. 3. to wear o.s. out. — korkusu fear of death. — kulağı ile dinlemek to be all ears; hi to listen intently (to). — kurban! colloq. How wonderful! —ını kurtarmak 1. to save one’s life. 2. Iml to save (s.o.’s) life. — kurtaran yok mu! Help!/Save me! — ma/canıma minnet! colloq. What more could one want!/So much the better! — ma okumak Iml 1. to harass. 2. to destroy, ruin. — oyunu venture in which one’s life is at stake. — pahasına at the risk of one’s life, at the cost of one’s life. — pazarı a matter of life and death. — ımı pazarda bulmadım, colloq., see Canımı sokakta bulmadım. — ı pek enduring, tough, unbroken by suffering. —i-na rahmet! Iml Peace be on his/her soul!
 —m sağ olsun! colloq. Don’t you worry!/ It doesn’t matter. — sağlığı health. — sevecek bir şey a delightful thing. — ı sevmek hi to enjoy. — sıkıcı annoying; boring, —i sıkılmak /a/ 1. to be bored (by). 2. to be annoyed, be vexed (by). — sıkıntısı annoyance; boredom, —mı sıkmak Iml to annoy. — ımı sokakta bulmadım, colloq. (I didn’t find my life on the street.) I value my life greatly. — ma susamak 1. to want to die. 2. Iml to thirst for (s.o.’s) blood. — ı-na tak demek/etmek to get to be intolerable. —i tatlı fond of comfort, afraid of disturbances. —i tez impatient, quick to act.
 —ma tükürdüğümün colloq. damned. — i-na tükürmek Iml colloq. to harm (s.o.). —mdan usanmak see canından bezmek/ bıkmak, —ma üfürdüğümün colloq., see canma tükürdüğümün. — ve mal kaybı loss of life and property. — vermek 1. to
 die. 2. /a/ to encourage. 3. /a/ to revive, —mı vermek to sacrifice o.s. —a yakın lovable; agreeable, pleasant, —mı yakmak Iml 1. to hurt; to cause suffering (to). 2. to punish (s.o.) painfully. —ı yanmak 1. to feel pain. 2. to go through a bitter experience. 3. to suffer a bitter loss. — ma yandığım/yandığımın slang 1. damned. 2. superb. —i yanan eşek attan yüğrük olur. proverb (A donkey in pain runs faster than a horse.) Someone who has learned things the hard way will work better than one who is inexperienced. — ı yerine gelmek to re-
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 cover, be refreshed, —ma yetmek see canına tak demek/etmek. —ı yok mu? İmi colloq. Doesn’t he/she count too? — yoldaşı congenial companion, —dan yürekten heartily.
canan (—.) 1. (a) beloved, sweetheart. 2. Islamic mysticism God. canavar 1. monster, mythical beast, dragon.
   2. dangerous wild animal. 3. bully, brutal person. 4. impudent, naughty child. 5. rambunctious/tough/uncontrollable person. — düdüğü siren, alarm whistle. — gibi 1. fierce; enormous. 2. like mad, very hard; excessively. — kesilmek to become brutal.
   —     ruhlu brutal, murderous, inhuman, canavarbalığı, -ni (../...) zool. great white
   shark, Carcharodon carcharias. canavarlaşmak to become brutal; to act brutally.
canavarlık savagery, ferocity, canavarotu, -nu (../..) bot. broomrape, Oro-banche.
canavarotugiller bot. Orobanchaceae. canciğer very close (friend). — kuzu sarması very dear, intimate. — olmak to be close friends.
candan 1. sincerely, wholeheartedly. 2. sincere, cordial.
caneriği, -ni (/...) green plum, canfes fine taffeta. — gibi yaprak smooth, tender, and young (grape/mulberry) leaf, canfeza (..—) classical Turk. mus. a makam, cangıl see cengel.
cangıl cungul (./ ..) 1. with a jinglejangle;
   with a dingdong. 2. jinglejangle; dingdong. canhıraş (..—) bloodcurdling, cani (—.) 1. murderer. 2. (s.o.) who has committed murder, canice (— —.) 1. murderous. 2. murderously, canilik (—..) being a murderer, canip (—.) obs. side; direction, caniyane (—.—.) see canice, cankurtaran 1. ambulance. 2. lifeguard; life-saver. — arabası ambulance. — çanı fog bell. — düdüğü foghorn. — filikası lifeboat.
   —  gemisi rescue ship. — kemeri life belt, safety belt. — kulübesi mountain shelter, snow shelter. — salı life raft. — simidi life buoy. — yeleği life jacket, life preserver.
canlandırıcı 1. enlivening. 2. animator, canlandırım reconstruction drawing (of an ancient building), canlandırma 1. animation; resuscitation; reanimation. 2. tin. animation. 3. lit. personification.
                            canlandırmak hi 1. to animate; to revive, resuscitate. 2. to enliven, refresh. 3. to personify, portray, bring (a character) to life, canlanma animation, coming to life, canlanmak 1. to come to life, be animated; to be revived, be resuscitated. 2. to be refreshed, be enlivened. 3. to become active, boom, canlı 1. living, animate. 2. lively, full of life;
   sprightly; vivacious. 3. vivid, strong. 4. (s.o./an animal) which has (a specified number of) lives: Kedi dokuz canlıdır. A cat has nine lives. 5. living being, living thing, —si fond of: para canlısı fond of money. — bebek colloq. living doll, very beautiful woman. — canlı alive, while still alive. — cenaze colloq. person who looks like death warmed over, very wan and emaciated person. — model live model. — resim animated film. — yaym live broadcast, canlıcı 1. (an) animist. 2. animist, animistic, canlıcılık animism, canlılık liveliness, vigor, cansız 1. lifeless. 2. dull, uninteresting. 3. listless, weak. 4. quiet, dull, slack. 5. inorganic.
   —      çevre abiotic environment. — düşmek to be exhausted (by illness/overexertion), cansızlaşmak to become lifeless/dull/listless, cansızlaştırmak hi 1. to make (s.t.) lifeless. 2.
   to kill the root of (a tooth), cansızlık lifelessness.
cansiparane (...—.) obs., see cansiperane, cansiperane (...— .) wholeheartedly, zealously, car veil covering the whole body, carcar colloq. chatterbox, car car (/ .) noisily.
‘carcur used in: — etmek colloq. to chatter mindlessly.
2carcur prov. cartridge clip.
3carcur prov. zipper.
cari (------) 1. current, in force, valid. 2. flow-
    ing, running; moving. — değer current asset. — fiyat current price. — hesap current account. — kur current exchange rate, current rate of exchange, carih (—.) obs. 1. injurer, person who physically injures another. 2. injurious, harmful.
   3.     predatory (animal). 4. (s.t.) which proves something to be false/invalid, cariye (—..) female slave; concubine; odalisque. —niz/cariyeleri 1. I, your humble servant (expression used by a girl!a woman). 2. (in mentioning a woman!a girl) who is your humble servant, cariyelik (—...) being a female slave, carlamak 1. colloq. to talk loudly. 2. colloq.
   to talk too much. 3. !i! prov. to announce, carmak slang, see carmakçur. carmakçur slang raki, arrack, cart, -ti tearing noise, ripping noise. — cart ötmek colloq. to brag. — curt etmek colloq. to scatter threats about. — kaba kâğıt! slang Brag away! carta (/.) vıdg. fart. — yı çekmek slang to die, kick the bucket, croak, cartadak (/..) suddenly, cartadan (/..) see cartadak, cascavlak (/..) completely bald. — kalmak to be left without a chance (to do s.t.). casus (—.) spy.
casusluk (—..) espionage. — etmek to work as a spy, spy.
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Cava (/.) 1. Java. 2. Javan, Javanese, of Java, cavalacos slang, see cavalacoz, cavalacosta slang, see cavalacoz, cavalacoz slang 1. worthless, no-count. 2.
    worthless, flimsy, cheap.
Cavali (/..) .1. (a) Javanese, (a) Javan. 2. Javanese (person), cavidan (—..) obs. eternal, cavidani (—.— —) obs. 1. see cavidan. 2.
    eternity, cavit (—.) obs. eternal.
cavlak colloq. bald; naked; hairless; feather-less. —i çekmek slang to die, kick the bucket, croak, cavlaklık colloq. baldness; nakedness; hairlessness; being featherless. cavlamak slang to die, kick the bucket, croak, caydırıcı dissuasive; deterrent, caydırıcılık dissuasiveness, caydırılmak to be dissuaded; to be deterred, caydırma dissuasion; determent, deterrence, caydırmak /ı/ to dissuade; to deter, cayır cayır (./ ..) (to burn) furiously, fiercely.
    —      yanmak to burn furiously, cayırdamak 1. (for fire) to crackle, roar. 2. to
    creak, squeak, cayırdatmak /ı/ 1. to make (a fire) crackle/ roar. 2. to make (s.t.) creak/squeak, cayırtı 1. (a) crackle, roaring sound. 2. (a) creak, (a) squeak. 3. ripping sound. —yı basmak/ koparmak to start shouting furiously. — vermek /a/ to shout threats (at), cayma giving up, withdrawing (from); breaking a promise. — tazminatı forfeit money, caymak /dan/ to give up (a plan), withdraw (from), change one’s mind (about); to break (a promise), caz 1. jazz. 2. jazz band, cazbant jazz band, cazcı jazz musician, jazzman, cazgır 1. person who announces the wrestlers and recites a prayer before a greased wrestling match. 2. colloq. (s.o.) who knows how to get what he/she wants, cazır cazır (./ ..) (to bum) with a crackling sound, cazırdamak to crackle, cazırdatmak /ı/ to make (s.t.) crackle, cazırtı crackling sound, crackle, cazib (—.) obs., see cazip, cazibe (—..) 1. charm, attractiveness. 2. obs., phys. attraction; gravity. —i arz obs., phys. gravity, terrestrial gravitation, gravitation.
    —  kanunu obs., phys. the law of gravity.
    —  kuvveti obs., phys. gravity, gravitation, gravitational force.
cazibeli (—...) charming, attractive, cazip (—.) attractive, fetching, appealing.
Cb chem. Cb (columbium).
Cd chem. Cd (cadmium).
Ce chem. Ce (cerium).
                               ce child’s language Boo! — demeye mi geldin? joc. Did you pop in only for a minute?
cebanet, -ti (.—.) obs. cowardice, cebbar 1. tyrannical. 2. Islam almighty, omnipotent (said of God). 3. obs., astr. Orion.
    4.    colloq. (woman) who knows how to get what she wants, cebe obs. 1. armor. 2. gun. cebeci hist, armorer attached to a special military corps, cebel obs. mountain.
Cebelitarık (../—.) Gibraltar. — Boğazı the Strait of Gibraltar, cebelleşme 1. struggle, struggling. 2. arguing, quarreling.
cebelleşmek /la/ 1. to struggle with, wrestle with. 2. to argue with, quarrel with, cebellezi (./..) slang stealing, copping. — etmek h! to steal, cop. cebin (.—) obs. 1. cowardly. 2. forehead, brow;
    façade, front, cebir, -bri 1. algebra. 2. compulsion, constraint, force. — kullanmak to use force, cebirci colloq. algebra teacher, cebire (.—.) med. splint (as for a broken bone), cebirsel algebraic, algebraical, cebren (/.) by force, by compulsion, cebretmek (/..) /ı, a/ obs. to compel, force, coerce (s.o.) to do (s.t.). cebri (.—) obs. compulsory, forced. — icra law compulsory performance. — muamele act of violence. — satış law compulsory sale. — tasfiye law compulsory liquidation. — tedbirler violent measures. — yürüyüş mil. forced march, cebrinefs (/..) obs. restraining oneself, self-restraint. — etmek to restrain oneself, exercise self-restraint, ced see cet.
cedde obs. grandmother, cedid (.—) obs., see cedit, cedit obs. new. cedre obs., path, goiter, cefa (.—) 1. cruelty, oppression. 2. unkindness, harshness. 3. suffering, pain. — çekmek to suffer. — yı çekmeyen safanın kadrini bilmez. proverb One who hasn’t suffered can’t appreciate the value of happiness. — etmek /a/ to inflict pain (on), torment. — görmek see cefa çekmek, cefakâr (.—.) 1. obs. cruel; tormenting. 2. long -suffering, cefakeş (.—.) long-suffering, cefalı (.—.) long-suffering, ceffelkalem (/...) obs. (written, said, or thought of) offhand, on the spur of the moment, cehalet, -ti (.—.) ignorance, cehdetmek (/..) obs. to exert o.s. vigorously, strive, struggle, cehennem 1. hell, Gehenna. 2. very hot/disagreeable place. — azabı hellish torture.
    —i boylamak to die and go to hell, —in dibi/bucağı the very end of the earth, very remote place, —in dibine gitmek to go to the uttermost end of hell. — gibi like hell,
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   hellish, infernal; very hot. — havası stifling heat> _e kadar yolu var. colloq. He/She can go to hell for all I care. — kütüğü hardened sinner. — ol! colloq. Go to hell! —e postu sermek (—e seccadeyi yaymak) to be a hardened sinner. — zebanisi demon, brute, devil, cehennemi (...—) hellish, infernal, cehennemlik 1. fit for hell, damned. 2. furnace/ stokehole of a Turkish bath, cehennemtaşı, -m (../..) chem. lunar caustic, silver nitrate, cehil, -hli obs. ignorance, cehit obs., see ceht. cehre spindle.
cehri (.—) bot. 1. yellowweed, dyer’s rocket, dyer’s mignonette, Reseda luteola. 2. buckthorn, Rhamnus. ceht obs. exertion, striving, struggle. — etmek see cehdetmek. ceket, -ti (sports) jacket, sports coat, jacket of a suit.
ceketatay morning coat, cutaway coat (and trousers).
celal, -li 1. glory, majesty (of God). 2. wrath, rage.
celallenmek to get into a towering rage, celalli irascible, hot-tempered, celbe net bag used by hunters, celbetmek (/..) Ill 1. to attract. 2. to procure, have (s.oJs.t.) brought. 3. law to summon, celep drover, dealer in sheep and cattle, celeplik dealing in sheep and cattle, celi (.—) obs. clear, open, manifest, evident. — yazı a style of Arabic script with large letters used in writing inscriptions, cellat 1. executioner. 2. very cruel. — gibi cruel, cellatlık 1. duties of an executioner. 2. cruelty, villainy.
celp 1. attraction. 2. law summons. 3. mil. call.
   —      etmek hi see celbetmek. celpname (.—.) law summons, written citation, celse 1. session. 2. law hearing, sitting (of the court). — yi açmak to open a session/a sitting. — yi kapamak to close/adjourn a session/a sitting (which has reached the end of its life or completed all of its business).
   —yi tatil etmek to recess/adjourn a session/ a sitting temporarily (e.g. for lunch), cemaat, -ti 1. congregation; assembly. 2. religious community. 3. crowd. — le namaz kılmak to perform one’s prayers in unison with a congregation. — ne kadar çok olsa imam gene bildiğini okur, proverb (No matter how big the congregation is the preacher recites what he knows.) In the end it is the responsible person who makes the decision. — e uymak to go along with the crowd, conform, cemal, -li obs. (facial) beauty, cem’an (/.) obs., see ceman, ceman (/.) obs. 1. in all, altogether: Ceman yedi bin kitabı var. He has seven thousand books in all. 2. as a whole, the entire lot of
    ...: Onları ceman aldı. He bought the entire lot of them. — yekûn 1. the sum total; the entire lot. 2. in all, altogether, cemaziyülâhır (.— ..— .) Jumada II (the sixth month of the Muslim calendar), cemaziyülevvel (.— ....) Jumada I (the fifth month of the Muslim calendar), —ini bilmek Iml to know a thing or two about (s.o.), know something disreputable about (s.o.). cembiye curved dagger, jambiya. cemek prov. the iron piece at the end of a stick used for scraping, cemetmek (/..) hi obs. 1. to add up (an account). 2. to collect, bring together, cemi, -m’i obs. 1. plural. 2. math, addition; sum. cemi, -ii (.—) obs. all, all of. cemile (.—.) beau geste. cemiyet, -ti 1. society, association; social body. 2. gathering, assembly. 3. party, banquet. C—i Akvam hist, the League of Nations.
    —  hayatı social life, —ler hukuku law of corporations.
cemiyetli obs. balanced, full, rounded (expression).
cemre 1. red-hot piece of coal, live ember. 2. any of three radiations of heat which supposedly fall in succession from the sun into the air, the water, and the earth in February and March.
cenabet, -ti (.—.) 1. Islam uncleanness of body (which necessitates the ritual ablution). 2. Islam person who is unclean (and needs to make the ritual ablution). 3. colloq. damned person/thing, foul person/thing, Brit, bloody person/thing. 4. colloq. damned, foul, Brit. bloody, bleeding, cenah obs. 1. wing (of a bird). 2. wing (of â building). 3. mil. wing, flank, cenap majesty, excellency: elçi cenapları His Excellency the Ambassador. C—ı Hak/Al-lah God.
cenaze (.—.) 1. corpse which has been made ready for burial, body ready for burial. 2. funeral, obsequies. — alayı 1. those in attendance at a funeral, mourners (usually used only of a large number of people). 2. funeral, obsequies. — arabası hearse. — gibi 1. (s.o.) who looks like death warmed over, who is very wan and emaciated. 2. (s.o.) who is as pale as a corpse. — yi kaldırmak to hold a funeral. — kalkmak /dan/ for a funeral to be held at (a specified place).
    —  levazımatçısı undertaker. — marşı funeral march. — namazı Islam prayer performed at a funeral. — salası Islam funeral prayer (recited from the minaret). — töreni funeral ceremony, funeral, obsequies.
cendere (/..) 1. press, screw; wine press; mangle; bookbinder’s press. 2. defile, narrow pass. — altında under pressure; under torture, —ye koymak/sokmak hi to put (s.o.) under pressure.
Ceneviz (./.) hist. 1. Genoa. 2. Genoa, Geno-
Cenevizli
158
cerhetmek
    ese, of Genoa.
Cenevizli (./..) hist. 1. (a) Genoese. 2. Genoese (person).
Cenevre (./.) 1. Geneva. 2. Geneva, Genevan, Genevese, of Geneva.
Cenevreli (./..) 1. (a) Genevan, (a) Genevese.
    2.    Genevan, Genevese (person), cengâver (.—.) obs. 1. warlike, heroic. 2. hero, warrior.
cengâverlik (.—..) obs. heroism, cengel jungle.
cengeltavuğu, -nu zool. jungle fowl, Mega-podius.
cenin fetus. —i sakıt obs. aborted fetus, cenk, -gi battle, combat; war. — eri warrior, champion. — etmek to fight. — meydanı battlefield.
                             cenkçi quarrelsome, bellicose, factious (group), cenkleşmek to fight; to quarrel, cennet, -ti 1. paradise, heaven. 2. the Garden of Eden. 3. heavenly place, perfectly delightful place, paradise. 4. very beautiful garden. — e bile delilsiz girilmez, proverb (You can’t even go to heaven without a guide.) Everybody needs help. — gibi heavenly, —in kapısını açmak to be worthy of heaven (because of doing a good deed), —ten kovulmak to be expelled from paradise. — öküzü colloq. good-hearted but simple person. — taamı heavenly food, çennetbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis. cennetbalığıgiller (./.....) zool. Anabantidae. cennetkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. bird of paradise, Paradisea apoda. cennetkuşugiller (./....) zool. Paradisaeidae. cennetlik destined for heaven, deserving of heaven.
cennetmekân (...—) dwelling in paradise, deceased, of happy memory.
Cenova (./.) 1. Genoa (in Italy). 2. Genoa, Genoese, of Genoa.
Cenovah (./..) 1. (a) Genoese. 2. Genoese (person).
centilmen gentleman, —ler anlaşması gentleman’s agreement, gentlemen’s agreement, centilmence (../.) 1. gentlemanly. 2. in a gentlemanly manner, centilmenlik gentlemanliness. — antlaşması gentleman’s agreement, gentlemen’s agreement.
cenuben (.—'.) obs. from the south; to the south; on the south, cenubi (.-------) obs. southern, south. C— Af-
   rika South Africa. C— Amerika South America.
cenup obs. 1. south. 2. southern. — u garbi 1. the southwest. 2. southwestern, southwest. C— Kutbu the South Pole. — u şarki 1. the southeast. 2. southeastern, southeast, cenuplu obs. 1. (a) southerner. 2. (s.o.) who is from the south, cep 1. pocket. 2. turnout, Brit, lay-by. 3. colloq.
   cellular phone. — astarı slang wallet, —ine atmak /ı/ colloq. to pocket, —inden çıkarmak h! colloq. to be far superior (to). — defteri pocket notebook, pocketbook. — i delik colloq. penniless, broke, —ini doldurmak colloq. to fill one’s pockets, accumulate wealth. —i dolu colloq. rich, loaded. — feneri flashlight, Brit, torch. — harçlığı pocket money, —ine indirmek/koymak III colloq., see cebine atmak, —i para görmek colloq. to begin having money in one’s pocket. — saati pocket watch. — tabancası pocket pistol. — telefonu cellular phone/telephone, —ten vermek hi colloq. to pay (money) out of one’s own pocket. — zırhlısı pocket battleship, cepane (.—.) see cephane, cepanelik (.—..) see cephanelik, cephane (.—.) 1. ammunition, projectiles fired from a gun. 2. slang opium; any narcotic.
   —     arabası mil. caisson (a vehicle), cephanelik (.—..) arsenal, storehouse for ammunition; ammunition dump, cephe 1. front; side. 2. arch, façade, face, front, elevation; frontage. 3. mil. front, —den 1. frontally, from the front. 2. frontal. — almak /a karşı/ to form a group opposed to. — bozulmak mil. for the front/the line to be broken. — gerisi mil. the area behind the front lines, —den hücuma geçmek to make a frontal attack, cepheleşmek to solidify in opposition, cepken a short embroidered jacket with full sleeves.
cepkitabi, -m (/...) pocketbook, pocket edition, cepsözlüğü, -nü (/...) pocket dictionary, cerahat, -ti path, matter, pus. — bağlamak/ toplamak to fester, become pussy, become filled with pus. cerahatlenmek to fester, become pussy, become filled with pus. cerahatli festering, pussy, cerbeze readiness of speech; presence of mind, quick-wittedness, cerbezeli convincing; able to get what he/she wants by talking, glib, cereme obs. 1. penalty. 2. law fine. 3. paying for another’s misdeed, crime, etc. —sini çekmek Iml colloq. to suffer for what (s.o. else) has done, pay the penalty for what (s.o. else) has done.
ceren zool. gazelle, antelope, Gazella dorcas. cereyan 1. flow. 2. draft, air movement. 3. elec. current. 4. course of events. 5. movement, tendency, trend. — çarpmak to be shocked/struck by electricity. — etmek to happen, occur, take place. — ı kesmek to cut the current.
cereyanlı 1. drafty. 2. elec. plugged in, hot, live, cerh obs. 1. wounding. 2. rebuttal. — etmek hi see cerhetmek. cerhetmek (/..) hi obs. 1. to wound. 2. to refute, rebut.
ceride
159
ceza
ceride        obs. journal, newspaper,
ceriha        obs. wound,
cerime (.—.) obs., see cereme.
Cermen 1. (a) Teuton. 2. Germanic, Teutonic, of the Teutons. — dilleri the Germanic languages.
Cermence (./.) 1. Germanic, Teutonic (an ancient Indo-European language). 2. (speaking/ writing) in Germanic, Germanic. 3. Germanic (speech/writing); spoken in Germanic; written in Germanic, cerrah surgeon. — mili surgeon’s probe.
Cerrahi (.-------) 1. (a) Cerrahi (a member of
   a particular order of dervishes). 2. Cerrahi, of the Cerrahis.
cerrahi (.----) 1. surgical. 2. surgery (a branch
   of medicine). — müdahale med. operation. Cerrahilik (.------.) 1. the teachings and prac-
   tices of the Cerrahis. 2. being a Cerrahi.
   3.    the Cerrahi order of dervishes, cerrahlık surgery, surgeon’s profession, cesamet, -ti (.—.) obs. bulkiness, hugeness, cesametli (.— ..) bulky, huge, cesaret, -ti (.—.) courage, bravery, valor; pluck, heart. — almak/bulmak /dan/ to take courage from. — etmek /a/ to venture, dare. — gelmek /a/ (—e gelmek) to take courage.
   —     göstermek to show courage, —ini kırmak Iml to discourage, dishearten. — vermek /a/ to encourage, hearten, cesaretlendirmek (.— ....) hi to encourage, hearten.
cesaretlenmek (.—...) to take courage, take heart.
cesaretli (.— ..) courageous, brave, valiant; plucky.
cesaretlilik (.— ...) courageousness, bravery, valiancy; pluckiness, cesaretsiz (.— ..) devoid of courage/valor/pluck, cesaretsizlik (.— ...) lack of courage/valor/pluck, ceset corpse, dead body, cesim (.—) obs. great, bulky, huge, ceste ceste (./ ..) obs. bit by bit. cesur courageous, brave, bold, cesurane (.— —.) 1. courageous, brave, bold (action). 2. courageously, bravely, boldly, cesurluk courageousness, bravery, boldness, cet, -ddi obs. grandfather; forefather. —i âlâ obs. founder of a line. — becet obs. from father to son, for generations, from one generation to another, —ine lanet! colloq. May you and your progenitors be damned! —ine rahmet! colloq. May you and your progenitors be blessed! cetvel 1. tabulated list, table, chart; register; schedule. 2. column in a list. 3. ruler, straightedge. — tahtası ruler, straightedge, cevaben (.—'.) in reply, in answer, cevahir (.—.) precious stones, gems. — yumurtlamak to scatter some pearls of wisdom (said sarcastically of s.o. who is speaking nonsense). cevahirci (.— ..) jeweler.
                                                          cevap 1. answer, reply. 2. law defense. — ı dikmek/dayamak see cevabı yapıştırmak.
   —   vermek /a/ 1. to give an answer to. 2. to meet the need for (s.t.). — ı yapıştırmak to be ready with an answer.
cevaplamak hi to answer, cevaplandırmak hi to give an answer to. cevaplı having an answer. — telgraf reply-paid telegram, cevapsız unanswered.
                                                          cevaz permissibility, lawfulness. — vermek/ göstermek /a/ to allow, permit, cevher 1. ore. 2. essence, substance, heart. 3. obs., phil. substance. 4. obs. (psychological) make-up/substance/constitution (of a person).
    5.    ability, capability, competence, capacity; talent; aptitude. 6. precious thing/person. 7. precious stone, gem. — yumurtlamak to scatter some pearls of wisdom (said sarcastically of s.o. who is speaking nonsense). cevherci obs., phil. 1. (a) substantialist. 2. sub-stantialist, pertaining to substantialism. 3. (s.o.) who is a substantialist. cevhercilik obs., phil. substantialism. cevherli 1. talented; gifted; bright, able. 2. (s.t.) which contains ore. 3. set with precious stones, bejeweled. cevhersiz 1. devoid of ability/talent/aptitude.
                                                          2. devoid of ore. 3. devoid of precious stones, ceviz 1. walnut (the fruit). 2. bot. walnut tree, Juglans regia. 3. walnut, made of walnut.
   —   ağacı bot. walnut tree, Juglans regia. — boya walnut stain. — i çift görmezse ağaca taş atmamak colloq. not to waste one’s effort on an unprofitable project. — içi meat of a walnut. — kabuğu walnut shell. — kabuğundan çıkmış, kabuğunu beğenmemiş. colloq. (The walnut came out of its shell and disapproved of the shell.) He’s/She’s ashamed of his/her origins. — kabuğunu doldurmaz colloq. very unimportant, slight.
   —   kırmak colloq. to behave improperly, do the wrong thing. — oyunu marbles (using wooden marbles). — sucuğu a sweet confection made of walnuts on a string dipped in a starchy grape molasses. — yağı walnut
   oil.
cevizgiller bot. Juglandaceae.
                                                          cevizli (food) made with or having walnuts.
   —   sucuk a sweet confection made of walnuts on a string dipped in a starchy grape molasses.
cevizlik walnut grove, cewal, -li obs. active, lively.
Ceyhun (/.) the Amu Darya, the Jayhun, the Oxus (river), ceylan zool. gazelle, Gazella dorcas. — bakışlı colloq. having alluring eyes. — gibi colloq. slender and graceful, ceza (.—) 1. punishment; penalty. 2. law sentence, punishment. 3. law fine. 4. sports penalty. 5. retribution. — yı ağırlaştırıcı sebepler law aggravating circumstances. —
cezaevi
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cırlamak
   alanı soccer penalty area. — almak 1. (for a student) to be punished. 2. /dan/ to fine.
   —  atışı 1. soccer penalty kick. 2. basketball, ice hockey penalty shot. — smı bulmak to get one’s just deserts. — ya çarptırılmak to be fined; to be punished; to be penalized; to be sentenced. — ya çarptırmak III to fine; to punish; to penalize; to sentence. — çekmek to serve a sentence, —sini çekmek 1. /in/ to suffer (for a deed), get one’s just deserts. 2. to serve one’s prison sentence. — görmek to be punished.
   —yı hafifletici sebepler law extenuating circumstances. — hukuku criminal law.
   —nm infazı law execution of a sentence.
   —ya kalmak to stay in after school, be kept in. — kanunu law criminal code. — kesmek /a/ to fine. — mahkemesi criminal court. — yı mucip law punishable. — muhakeme usulü law penal proceedings, criminal procedure. — reisi judge in a criminal court. — sahası soccer, see ceza alanı.
   —nm sukutu law quashing of the conviction. —nm takdiri law determination of punishment. — nm tebdili law commutation of a sentence. — nın tecili law suspension of a sentence. — vermek 1. /a/ to punish; to fine. 2. to pay a fine. — vuruşu 1. soccer penalty kick. 2. golf penalty stroke. — yazmak /a/ see ceza kesmek. — yemek to be punished; to be penalized; to be fined.
cezaevi, -ni (.—'..) penitentiary, prison, jail, cezai (.-----) law penal. — faiz penalty rate.
   —      şart penalty clause, cezalandırılma (.— ....) being punished/
   penalized/sentenced/fined. cezalandırılmak (.— ....) to be punished; to be penalized; to be sentenced; to be fined, cezalandırma (.— ...) punishing; penalizing;
   sentencing; fining, cezalandırmak (.— ...) hi to punish; to penalize; to sentence; to fine, cezalanmak (.—..) to be punished; to be penalized; to be sentenced; to be fined, cezalı (.—.) punished; penalized; fined. — bi-let ticket to which a fine has been added, cezasız (.—.) unpunished; unpenalized; unfined.
Cezayir (.—.) 1. Algiers. 2. Algeria. 3. Algerian, of Algeria. — dayısı Ott. hist, the dey of Algiers, cezayir (.—.) obs. islands.
Cezayirli (.— ..) 1. (an) Algerian. 2. Algerian (person).
cezayirmenekşesi (.—........) bot. periwinkle,
   Vinca.
cezbe obs. ecstasy, rapture, —ye tutulmak to fall into an ecstasy, cezbelenmek obs. to fall into an ecstasy, cezbetmek (/..) hi to attract, draw, cezeriye see cezerye.
cezerye (./.) a confection made with carrots and nuts.
                                                          ‘cezir, -zri obs., math., bot., ling. root, —ini çıkarmak Iml math, to find the root (of).
   —   işareti math, radical sign.
2cezir, -zri obs. ebb tide. — hali the sea when it is at ebb. — hareketi ebb.
Cezire (.—.) Al Jazira, upper Mesopotamia, cezire (.—.) obs. island.
Ceziretülarab (.— /...) the Arabian peninsuja, Arabia.
cezp, -bi obs. attraction. — etmek hi see cezbetmek.
cezri (.—) obs. fundamental, foundational, radical, basic.
cezve a small, long-handled pot for making Turkish coffee.
Cf chem. Cf (californium), cıcık used in: — ını çıkarmak Iml to wear out, damage by use. cıdağı prov. 1. withers (of a saddle animal).
   2. sore (on a saddle animal); saddle sore, cıdağu prov., see cıdağı, cidav prov., see cıdağı, cigara (./.) prov. cigarette, cigaralik (./..) slang opium, cığara (./.) prov. cigarette, cılız 1. puny, thin, undersized, weak. 2. weak, dim (light).
cılızlaşmak 1. to waste away, become emaciated. 2. to lose effectiveness and strength, cılızlık puniness.
                             cılk, -ki 1. rotten (egg). 2. running, festering (wound). — çıkmak to be spoiled. — etmek hi to spoil, make (s.t.) go bad. cılkava a fur made by sewing together the napes of wolf/fox pelts, cılklaşmak 1. to rot, spoil. 2. to run, fester, cımbar prov. 1. tenter (for stretching cloth). 2.
   shoot; sucker (of a plant), cımbız 1. tweezers. 2. text, burling iron, cimbizlamak hi 1. to pluck (s.t.) with tweezers.
   2. text, to burl, cmcik prov. glassware. — boncuk costume jewelry.
                             cıngıl prov. 1. a bunch of poorly developed grapes. 2. gold/silver jewelry/ornaments, cırboğa prov. 1. zool. jerboa, Jaculus jaculus.
                                                          2. puny child, cırcır prov. 1. party noisemaker, ratchet clacker. 2. babbler, chatterbox. 3. cotton gin. 4. zool. field cricket, Gryllus campestris. — delgi mech. ratchet drill, cır cır (/ .) with a continuous chirring sound.
   —   ötmek 1. to chirr. 2. colloq. (for s.o.) to babble.
cırcırböceği, -ni (./...) zool. field cricket, Gryllus campestris. cırdaval javelin, cırıldamak to chirr, cırıltı a chirring sound.
cırlak 1. screechy, shrill. 2. prov., zool. field cricket, Gryllus campestris. cırlamak to make a continuous shrill buzzing sound.
cırlatmak
 161
 cicim
cırlatmak 111 to make (s.t.) give off a shrill buzz.
cırlayık prov., zool. 1. shrike, Lanius. 2. field cricket, Gryllus campestris. cırnak prov. claw, talon, cırnık drain in a retaining wall, cırt the sound of something being torn, ripping sound, cırtlak see cırlak, cırtlamak to make a ripping sound, cıscıbıl (/..) stark naked, in the nude, cıva (.'.) chem. mercury, quicksilver. — gibi colloq. very restless, mercurial. — merhemi mercury ointment. — yakısı mercurial plaster.
cıvadra (./.) naut. bowsprit, cıvalı (/..) containing mercury, mercurial, cıvata (./.) bolt, screw (secured with a nut), civatalamak (./...) h! to bolt/screw (s.t.) together, fasten/attach/seal (s.t.) with a bolt/ a screw.
cıvık 1. squishy (mud, butter, dough, etc.); slushy (snow). 2. impertinent, impudently familiar, fresh, cheeky. — kar slush, civiklamak hi to make (s.t.) squishy by squeezing it in one’s hand, cıvıklanmak see cıvıklaşmak, cıvıklaşmak 1. (for earth, butter, dough, etc.) to get squishy; (for snow) to turn to slush. 2. to get impertinent/fresh/cheeky, cıvıklaştırmak hi 1. to cause (earth, butter, dough, etc.) to become squishy; to cause (snow) to turn to slush. 2. to cause (s.t.) to degenerate into something else, cause (s.t.) to turn into a parody of itself, cıvıklık 1. squishiness (of mud, butter, dough, etc.); slushiness (of snow). 2. impertinence, freshness, cheek, civikmantarlar (./...) bot. Myxomycetes. civil civil (./ ..) 1. with a chirping sound, twittering. 2. lively, vivacious, cıvıldamak to chirp, chirrup, twitter, cıvıldaşmak to chirp together, cıvıltı a chirping, a twittering, cıvımak 1. (for earth, butter, dough, etc.) to get squishy; (for snow) to turn to slush. 2. to get impertinent/fresh/cheeky. 3. to degenerate into something else, turn into a parody of itself.
cıvıtmak 1. hi to cause (earth, butter, dough, etc.) to become squishy; to cause (snow) to turn to slush. 2. hi to cause (s.t.) to degenerate into something else, cause (s.t.) to turn into a parody of itself. 3. to get impertinent/ fresh/cheeky, cıyak cıyak (./ ..) with a screech; with a squawk.
cıyaklamak to screech; to squawk, cıyırdamak (for paper/cloth) to make a sound when ripped/torn, cıyırtı sound as of cloth tearing, cız 1. sizzling/hissing sound. 2. child’s language fire; anything hot. — etmek 1. to make a
    sharp, sizzling sound. 2. to have a pang (in one’s heart). 3. to have a pang (of sorrow/ agony).
cızbız grilled (meat ball). — köfte grilled meat ball.
cizdam slang fleeing, sneaking off, scramming, running away. — ı çekmek 1. to flee, sneak off, slip away, scram, run away, escape. 2. to die, slip away, give up the ghost, kick the bucket, —i kırmak to flee, sneak off, slip away, scram, run away, escape, cızık prov. 1. line (a mark); stripe. 2. footprint, track. 3. trace, mark, cızıktırmak prov. 1. to write. 2. to scribble, cızıldamak see cızırdamak, cızıldatmak hi see cızırdatmak, cızıltı see cızırtı, cızıltılı see cızırtılı.
cızır cızır (./ ..) 1. with a sizzling/sputtering sound. 2. with a squeaking/creaking sound, cızırdamak 1. to sizzle, sputter. 2. to squeak, creak.
cızırdatmak III 1. to make (s.t.) sizzle/sputter.
    2. to make (s.t.) squeak/creak, cızırtı 1. sizzling/sputtering sound. 2. squeaking/ creaking sound, cızırtılı 1. sizzling, with a sputter. 2. squeaking, with a creak, cizlam slang fleeing, sneaking off, scramming, running away. — ı çekmek (— etmek) 1. to flee, sneak off, slip away, scram, run away, escape. 2. to die, slip away, give up the ghost, kick the bucket. — ı kırmak to flee, sneak off, slip away, scram, run away, escape.
cızlamak 1. to hiss (as wet wood in a fire). 2.
    to have a pang (of sorrow/agony), cızsineği, -ni (/...) gadfly, horsefly, cibilliyet, -ti natural disposition, nature, temperament, character, cibilliyetsiz despicable, ignoble, cibin prov. fly; mosquito, cibinlik mosquito net.
cibre (/.) residue of pressed grapes or other fruit.
Cibuti (./.) 1. Djibouti, Jibuti. 2. Djibouti, of Djibouti.
cici child’s language 1. cute, nice, pretty, sweet. 2. nicely, properly. 3. pretty thing. 4. toy, plaything. C—m! colloq. My dear! — m ayı colloq. honeymoon, the early weeks of married bliss. — el child’s language right hand.
    —      mama colloq. an older woman who has an inexperienced youth as her lover, cicianne (./..) grandma, granny, cici bici (..' ..) 1. overdecorated piece of clothing. 2. tasteless bauble, cicik prov. 1. breast. 2. nipple; teat, cicili bicili (../ ...) gaudy, overdecorated, bedecked with trifles, cicim a type of kilim, a flat-woven hanging or floor covering with colored, woven in, embroidery-like designs.
cicoz
162
cimcime
cicoz 1. marbles, the game of marbles. 2. marble (used in the game of marbles). 3. slang There isn’t...: Bende mangır cicoz. I’m flat broke.
cicozlamak slang to get lost, beat it.
cidağı prov., see cıdağı.
cidağu prov., see cıdağı.
cidar obs. 1. wall. 2. biol. membrane.
Cidde (/.) 1. Jidda, Jedda. 2. Jidda, of Jidda, cidden (/.) 1. in earnest, seriously, for real.
    2. truly, really, for real, ciddi (.—) 1. serious; earnest; grave. 2. true, real. 3. important, significant, —ye almak h! to take (s.o./s.t.) seriously. — ciddi 1. seriously, in a serious manner. 2. in a dignified manner. 3. gravely. — konuşmak to speak in earnest, be for real. — söylemek hi to say (s.t.) in earnest; to be for real, ciddileşmek (.—••) t0 become serious, ciddilik (.—.) seriousness, ciddiyet, -ti seriousness, cif com. C.I.F. (cost, insurance, and freight), cigara (./.) prov. cigarette, ciğer 1. liver. 2. lungs. 3. the heart, lungs, and liver sold by butchers as a unit. — acısı colloq. sorrow caused by the loss of one’s child.
    —leri bayram etmek colloq. 1. to enjoy a good smoke. 2. to enjoy breathing fresh air.
    —i beş para etmez colloq. despicable. —i-ni dağlamak Iml colloq., see ciğerini yakmak. —ini delmek Iml colloq. to cause (s.o.) sorrow, —ini doğramak Iml colloq., see ciğerini yakmak. — hastalığı colloq. tuberculosis. —ine işlemek Iml colloq. 1. to hurt (s.o.) deeply, affect (s.o.) deeply. 2. to chill (s.o.) to the bone; to soak (s.o.) to the skin.
    —i kebap olmak colloq. to suffer greatly, —imin köşesi colloq. 1. darling. 2. beloved child, —ini okumak Iml colloq. to guess (another’s) secret thoughts. — i parçalanmak (—i parça parça olmak) colloq. for one’s heart to be wrenched (upon seeing s.t. sad).
    —  perdesi anat. hepatic ligaments, the folds of the peritoneum that envelop the liver.
    —i sızlamak colloq. to be very moved (by a pathetic sight). — ini/—lerini sökmek Iml colloq. to treat (s.o.) very cruelly. — tavası/ tava cookery fried liver, —ini yakmak Iml colloq. to disturb (s.o.) greatly, grieve. — i yanmak colloq. 1. /dan/ to suffer greatly (from). 2. /a/ to feel great compassion (for).
ciğerci seller of liver and lungs; offal seller.
    —     sırığı colloq. very tall person, ciğerotları, -m (./...) bot. liverworts, Hepaticae. ciğerotu, -nu (./..) bot. liverwort, hepatica,
    Hepatica.
ciğerpare (..—.) 1. darling. 2. beloved child, cihan world; universe. — ı tutmak to be heard around the world, cihangir obs. world conqueror, cihannüma (...—) obs. 1. rooftop terrace/room with an extensive view. 2. map of the world, cihanşümul, -lü obs. worldwide, global; uni-
    versal.
cihar (.—) backgammon four, cihat Islam holy war, jihad, jehad, cihaz 1. an apparatus, piece of equipment, machine. 2. trousseau, cihet, -ti 1. side, direction, quarter. 2. aspect, point of view. 3. reason. — iyle because of, on account of, due to. cila (.—) 1. shellac; lacquer; varnish; wax; shoe polish. 2. finish, luster, shine. 3. excessiveness. — çekmek /a/ slang to top off, cap off (a meal/a booze/an entertainment).
    —  topu a ball of cotton covered with a cloth for applying shellac. — vurmak /a/ 1. to varnish; to wax; to polish. 2. to finish, shine.
cilacı (.—.) finisher, varnisher. cilacılık (.— ..) work of a finisher; finishing, cilalamak (.—..) hi 1. to varnish; to wax; to polish. 2. to finish, shine. 3. slang to top off, cap off (a meal/a booze/an entertainment), cilalanmak (.— ..) 1. to be varnished; to be waxed; to be polished. 2. to be finished, be shined.
cilalatmak (.— ..) /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) varnish/ wax/polish (s.t.). 2. to have (s.o.) finish/ shine (s.t.).
cilalı (.—.) 1. varnished; waxed; polished. 2.
    finished (surface).
Cilalıtaş Devri, -ni (.—..) the Neolithic period, cilasız (.—.) 1. unvarnished; unwaxed; unpolished. 2. unfinished (surface), cilasun (./.) brave and stalwart young man. cildiye 1. dermatology. 2. dermatological ward, cildiyeci dermatologist.
cilt 1. skin (of a person). 2. binding, (hard) cover (of a book). 3. volume, tome. — hastalığı skin disease. — tezgâhı bookbinding sewing press, ciltçi 1. bookbinder, binder. 2. bookbindery, bindery. 3. colloq. dermatologist, ciltçilik bookbinding, ciltevi, -ni (/..) bookbindery, bindery, ciltleme binding (a book), ciltlemek hi to bind (a book), ciltlenmek (for a book) to be bound, ciltletmek /ı, a/ to have (a book) bound, ciltli bound (usually hardbound), ciltsiz unbound (usually lacking a hard cover), cilve 1. flirtatiousness. 2. manifestation. — etmek see cilve yapmak. — kutusu colloq. flirtatious girl. — yapmak to be flirtatious, cilvelenmek to put on coquettish airs, cilveleşmek 1. to flirt with each other. 2. to joke with each other, cilveli flirtatious.
cim a letter of the Arabic alphabet, jim. — karnında bir nokta colloq. one who is completely ignorant, cima, -ai (.—) obs. sexual intercourse, coition.
    —      etmek to have sexual intercourse, cimbakuka (../.) colloq. thin and ugly, puny, cimcime 1. prov. small and delicious watermelon. 2. colloq. petite.
cimnastik
cimnastik see jimnastik, cimnastikçi see jimnastikçi, cimri 1. stingy, mean, tight, parsimonious, penurious; miserly. 2. miser, skinflint, cimrileşmek to become stingy/miserly, cimrilik stinginess, meanness, parsimony; miserliness. — etmek to be stingy.
!cin 1. jinn, jinni, djin, djinn, djinni, genie, demon, sprite, evil spirit. 2. colloq. brainy, smart, brilliant. —leri ayağa kalkmak colloq. to get nervous, —leri başına çıkmak/ toplanmak/üşüşmek colloq. to get furious.
   —  başka, şeytan başka, proverb (A jinni is one thing and a devil something else.) One man’s meat is another man’s poison, —ler cirit atmak/oynamak /da/ colloq. (for a place) to be completely deserted. — çarpmak to be struck by an evil spirit. — çarpmışa dönmek colloq. to be bogged down by one’s troubles. — fikirli colloq. clever and crafty. — gibi colloq. very clever and agile.
   —  ifrit kesilmek/olmak colloq. to get very angry. — tayfası the demons. — tutana bir muska yeter, proverb (It is enough to write a charm to cure someone possessed by a devil.) If a person is angry a friend can calm him/her with, sensible advice. — tutmak to go mad. — i tutmak colloq. to become furious. — yavrusu colloq. mischievous little child, imp, urchin.
2cin gin (an alcoholic drink).
3cin (—) 1. (a pair of) jeans, blue jeans, or denims (trousers). 2. denim skirt, cinağacı, -ni (/...) bot. deodar, Himalayan cedar, Indian cedar, Cedrus deodara. cinai (.— —) obs. 1. criminal, pertaining to a serious crime. 2. homicidal, pertaining to murder. — roman murder mystery, whodunit.
cinas lit. 1. play on words, pun. 2. equivocal allusion.
cinayet, -ti (.—.) 1. murder, homicide. 2. serious crime. — işlemek to commit murder. — masası homicide desk (of a police department).
   —     romanı murder mystery, whodunit, cinci soothsayer who invokes jinn, cindarisi, -m (/...) see cinmısırı. cingil prov., see cmgil.
cingöz colloq. shrewd, clever, cingözlük colloq. shrewdness, cleverness, cinli 1. haunted; possessed by demons. 2. colloq.
   tense and irritable, edgy, nervous, cinmısırı, -m (/...) popcorn, cinnet, -ti insanity, madness. — geçirmek/getirmek to go mad, become insane, cins 1. sort, type, kind, variety, caUuory. 2. genus. 3. sex; gram, gender. 4. race, stock, family, breed. 5. (animal) of good stock, thoroughbred, pedigree. 6. slang kinky, odd, eccentric. — adı gram, common noun. — ayrımı sexual differentiation. — cins of various kinds, assorted. — cinse çeker, proverb Like father, like son. — horoz yumur-
                                                                                                   Cizvit
   tada öter, proverb (A quality cock crows before it is hatched.) A superior person exhibits his superiority while he is still a child.
   —   ismi gram., see cins adı. — kedi ölüsünü göstermez, proverb (A quality cat does not die on the street.) A refined person does not let others know of his/her troubles.
cinsaçı, -m (/..) bot. dodder, Cuscuta. cinsel sexual. — çekicilik sex appeal. — güçsüzlük (sexual) impotence. — ilişki sexual intercourse, coitus. — organ sexual organ.
   —   sapıklık sexual perversion. — taciz sexual harassment. — tacizde bulunmak /a/ to harass (s.o.) sexually. — tacize uğramak to be harassed sexually.
cinsellik sexuality, cinsi (.—) sexual, cinsiyet, -ti sex; sexuality, cinslik sex; sexuality, cinslikbilim (./..) sexology, cinsliksiz asexual, cip, -pi jeep.
cips potato chips; potato chip, ciranta (./.) com. endorser, cirim, -rmi obs. size, volume, cirit 1. jereed, jerid, the game of jereed. 2. je-reed, jerid, blunt stick used as a javelin in the mounted game of jereed. — atmak 1. to throw the jereed. 2. /da/ colloq. (for people/ animals) to take over and do as they please (in a place), ciro (/.) com. endorsement. — bankası clearing bank. — edilebilen endorsable. — edilmiş endorsed. — etmek hi to endorse, cisim, -smi body; material thing, matter, cisimcik corpuscle; particle, atom, cisimlenmek to take a bodily or material form, cismani (.-------) 1. corporeal. 2. material; tem-
   poral. — ceza corporal punishment, cismen (/.) bodily; materially, civan 1. handsome young man. 2. beautiful young woman, civankaşı, -m (./..) embroidery zigzag ornamentation.
civanmert brave, bold and magnanimous, civanmertlik bravery and magnanimity, civanperçemi, -ni (./...) bot. yarrow, Achillea millefolium.
civar 1. neighborhood, vicinity, environment, surroundings. 2. neighboring, —mda 1. near. 2. about, approximately, civciv chick, (newly hatched) chicken, civcivli colloq. lively, crowded and noisy; active, humming, civcivlik chicken coop.
                                                          civelek 1. colloq. lively, playful, vivacious. 2.
   hist. Janissary recruit, civeleklik colloq. liveliness, vivacity, ciyak ciyak (./ ..) see cıyak cıyak, ciyaklamak see cıyaklamak.
Cizvit 1. (a) Jesuit. 2. Jesuit; Jesuitic, Jesuitical. — tarikatı the Jesuit order. — üslubu arch, the Jesuit style.
cizye
164
cumhuriyet
cizye hist, jizya, jizyah, head tax collected from non-Muslims.
Cl chem. Cl (chlorine).
Cm chem. Cm (curium).
cm. (abbr. for santimetre) cm. (centimeter).
Co chem. Co (cobalt).
coğrafî (.-------) geographical.
coğrafya (./.) geography, coğrafyacı (./..) 1. geographer. 2. colloq. geography teacher, cokey jockey, cokeylik work of a jockey, conkikirik slang an Englishman, John Bull, conta (/.) washer; gasket; flat, thin ring used to prevent leakage from a joint, cop, -pu 1. billy, billy club, nightstick. 2. stick, coplamak /ı/ to beat (s.o.) with a nightstick/a billy, club.
coplanmak to be beaten with a nightstick, be clubbed.
corum 1. run (of fish). 2. shoal, school of fish, coşku 1. excitement. 2. enthusiasm, exuberance, ebullience. — ya kapılmış 1. excited. 2. enthusiastic, exuberant, ebullient, coşkulanmak 1. to get excited. 2. to get enthusiastic, become exuberant, become ebullient, coşkulu \. excited. 2. enthusiastic, exuberant, ebullient. 3. exciting, thrilling, coşkun 1. enthusiastic, exuberant, ebullient. 2. excited. 3. ebullient/foaming/turbulent/wild (water); tempestuous/gusty/blustery/whipping (wind). 4. thunderous (applause), coşkunluk enthusiasm, exuberance, ebullience, coşkusal 1. enthusiastic, relating to enthusiasm.
   2. exciting. 3. overly excitable, coşmak 1. to get excited. 2. to get enthusiastic, become exuberant, become ebullient. 3. (for a river/the sea) to become turbulent; (for a wind) to become violent, coşturmak /ı/ 1. to excite, stir (s.o.) to excitement. 2. to whip up the enthusiasm of, exhilarate.
coşturucu 1. exciting. 2. exhilarating, exhil-arative.
coşturuculuk 1. being exciting. 2. being exhil-arative.
coşturulmak 1. to be excited, be stirred up to excitement. 2. to be exhilarated, be carried away by enthusiasm, coşu ecstasy, rapture.
coşumcu 1. romantic. 2. Romantic. 3. a Romantic writer, coşumculuk Romanticism, coşuntu 1. excitement. 2. enthusiasm, exuberance, ebullience, covino (./.) slang 1. (s.o.) who dresses well, who is smartly turned out. 2. (a) Christian, cömert 1. generous, liberal, munificent. 2. productive, fertile, fruitful, fecund. — derler maldan ederler, yiğit derler candan ederler, proverb They call a person generous and take his property; they call him brave and take his life, —in eli tutulmaz.
   proverb You can’t prevent anybody from being generous. — le nekesin harcı birdir. proverb (A generous person and a skinflint spend the same amounts.) 1. The generous and the stingy are both buried in the same kind of shroud. 2. Buying cheap things is false economy, cömertçe (./.) generously, liberally, cömertleşmek to become generous, cömertlik generosity, liberality, munificence, ‘cönk, -gü/-kü 1. a codex in which the line of writing is parallel to the seam. 2. manuscript collection of folk poems.
2cönk, -kü junk (a boat).
Cr chem. Cr (chromium).
Cs chem. Cs (cesium).
Cu chem. Cu (copper), cudam prov. stupid blunderer, clumsy fool, ‘cuk children’s game the winning position of the thrown knucklebone.
2cuk slang hashish, hash, cuma (.—) Friday. — namazı Islam Friday prayers.
cumartesi, -yi (./..) Saturday. — çocuğu slang bastard. — kibarı gibi süslenmek colloq. to dress up in a gaudy style, cumba (/.) 1. bay window; bow window; oriel, oriel window; moucharaby. 2. wooden latticework projection extending from the outside of a house window (designed to let a woman lean out of the window without being seen by male neighbors or passersby). cumbadak (/..) (falling into water) with a splash.
cumbalak prov. somersault, cumbalamak hi to smooth off the rough edge of (s.t.).
cumbalı (/..) 1. (building) which has a bay window, bow window, oriel, or moucharaby; bay-windowed; bow-windowed. 2. (house window) which has a wooden latticework projection attached to its outer side, cumbul cumbul (./ ..) 1. too watery (food).
   2. with a slopping/splashing sound, cumbuldamak (for a liquid) to make a sloshing sound, cumburdamak see cumbuldamak, cumburlop (falling into water) with a plop, cumburtu 1. plopping sound. 2. sloshing sound, cumhur 1. the general public, the people. 2. crowd, multitude. — cemaat colloq., see cümbür cemaat, —a muhalefet kuvvei hatadandır. proverb It is a mistake to oppose the desire of the people, cumhurbaşkanı, -nı (./...) president of a republic.
cumhurbaşkanlığı, -m (./....) 1. presidency of a republic. 2. presidential: cumhurbaşkanlığı konutu presidential residence, cumhurcu see cumhuriyetçi, cumhuriyet, -ti (.—..) 1. republic. 2. obs., slang a paper lira. C— Senatosu hist. Senate (of the Republic of Turkey).
cumhuriyetçi
cumhuriyetçi          1. (a) republican. 2. re-
   publican, (s.o./s.t.) who/which favors a republican form of government, cumhurluk republic.
cunda (/.) naut. peak (of a gaff); arm-end (of a yard).
‘cunta (/.) pol. junta.
2cunta.(/.) see conta, cuntacı (/..) pol. member of a junta, cup Plop! (sound produced by s.t. falling into water).
cuppadak (/..) (falling into water) with a splash.
‘cura a plucked string instrument, the smallest variety of the bağlama.
*cura prov., zool. a small, shrill-voiced hawk. 3cura slang the last drag on a cigarette, curacı 1. player of ‘cura. 2. maker/seller of ‘cura.
curcuna (./.) 1. hullabaloo, hubbub, clamor, babel, din. 2. Turk. mus. a rhythmic pattern or the dance associated with it. — ya çevirmek/ döndürmek hi colloq. to fill (a place) with a clamor of voices. —ya kalkmak colloq. to start a brawl. — yı koparmak colloq. to begin to raise a hullabaloo. — ya vermek hi colloq., see curcunaya çevirmek/döndürmek.
cur nal, -li see jurnal, curnalci see jurnalci, curnalcilik see jurnalcilik, curnallemek hi see jurnallemek. curnata (./.) an onrush of quail, curuf see cüruf.
cuşiş (—.) obs. 1. excitement. 2. enthusiasm, exuberance, ebullience, cüce dwarf. — yıldızlar astr. dwarf stars, cücebalaban (./...) zool. little bittern, Ixo-brychus minutus. cücebaykuş (./..) zool. scops owl, Otus scops. riicekarabatak (./....) zool. pygmy cormorant, Phalacrocorax pygmaeus. cücekartal (./..) zool. booted eagle, Hieraetus pennatus. cücelik dwarfishness, nanism, cücemartı (./..) zool. little gull, Larus minutus. cücesıçan (./..) zool. harvest mouse, Micromys minutus.
cücesıvacıkuşu, -nu (./......) zool. nuthatch,
   Sitta europaea and other varieties, cücesinekyutan (./....) zool. red-breasted flycatcher, Muscicapa parva. cücük 1. bud; young shoot. 2. heart of an onion. 3. tuft of beard, imperial. 4. chick, didiklenmek to sprout, cüda (.—) obs. separated, separate, remote. — düşmek /dan/ to be separated (from), cühela (..-—) obs. ignorant people, cülus Ott. hist, accession to the throne, cümbür cemaat (./ ...) colloq. the whole kit and caboodle, the whole push: Cümbür cemaat geldiler. The whole push of them came.
                                                                                           ciizzam
cümbüş 1. colloq. carousal, revel. 2. a mandolin with a metal body. — etmek/yapmak colloq. to carouse, revel, cümbüşlü colloq. rollicking, hilarious, cümle 1. gram, sentence, clause. 2. a total, whole; system, group. 3. (/.) all. —miz (/..) all of us, we all. — âlem the whole world, everybody. — kapısı main door, cümlecik gram, clause.
dimleten (/..) all together; all of them. — Allaha ısmarladık. Good-bye everyone, cümudiye (.—..) obs. 1. glacier. 2. iceberg, cünüp Islam unclean, (s.o.) who needs to make a ritual ablution, cünüplük Islam being unclean, cüppe robe worn by imams, judges, barristers, and professors, with full sleeves and long skirts. — gibi long and loose (garment), cüret, -ti (/.) temerity, audacity; nerve. — etmek /a/ to have the temerity, have the audacity (to do s.t.); to have the nerve (to do s.t.).
cüretkâr see cüretli, cüretkârlık see cüretliiik. cüretlenme becoming audacious/bold; developing nerve, cüretlenmek to become audacious, become bold; to develop nerve, cüretli audacious, bold, temerarious; nervy, cüretliiik audaciousness, boldness, temerariousness; nerviness, cüretsiz devoid of temerity/audacity/nerve, cüretsizlik lack of temerity/audacity/nerve, cüruf 1. scoria, dross, slag. 2. cinders/clinkers (from coal). 3. volcanic ash, cinders. — çimentosu slag cement. — kumu pumice sand, slag sand. — tuğlası scoria brick, slag brick. — yünü slag wool, cürüm, -rmü law crime, felony, offense, misdemeanor. —ünü inkâr etmek to deny the crime that one has committed. — isnadı imputation of crime. — işlemek to commit a crime, —ünü itiraf etmek to plead guilty.
   —ü meşhut halinde (caught) in the act, in flagrante delicto. — ü meşhut yapmak /a/ to lay a trap to catch (s.o.) red-handed. — e teşebbüs attempt at a crime, attempted crime, cüsse body, frame (of a person), cüsseli big, burly (person), cüssesiz undersized (person), cüz, -z’ü 1. part, section, fragment, piece, particle; element, component. 2. a thirtieth part of the Koran; section of the Koran separately bound. 3. fascicle (of a book). — kesesi ornamented leather/cloth bag/holder for carrying a section of the Koran, cüzam path, leprosy, Hansen’s disease, cüzamlı 1. leprous. 2. leper, cüzdan 1. wallet; billfold. 2. official document in the shape of a booklet cüzi (/—) 1. insignificant, trifling, small. 2.
                                      partial, fragmentary, cüzzam path., see cüzam.
Ç
Ç the letter Ç (the fourth letter of the Turkish alphabet).
çaba effort. — göstermek to strive, struggle, exert o.s.
çabalama effort, striving, struggling, exertion, çabalamak 1. to strive, struggle, exert o.s. 2. to flounder; to flail/thrash one’s arms and legs. Çabalama kaptan ben gidemem, colloq. (It’s no use, captain; I can’t go.) Don’t force me; I simply can’t do it. çabalanmak to flounder; to flail/thrash one’s arms and legs, çabucacık (/...) see çabucak, çabucak (/..) very quickly, çabuk 1. quick, fast, swift, hasty. 2. quickly, speedily, soon. — çabuk very quickly. — ol! colloq. Be quick!/Hurry up! — parlayan çabuk söner, proverb What flares up fast, dies down fast, çabuklaşmak to gain speed, çabuklaştırılmak to be speeded up. çabuklaştırma speeding up (a job), çabuklaştırmak /ı/ to speed up, expedite (a job).
çabukluk quickness; speed, haste, çaça (/.) 1. experienced sailor, old salt, sea dog. 2. slang madam, brothel-keeper. çaçabalığı, -m (./...) zool. sprat, Clupea sprat-tus.
çaçaça the cha-cha, the cha-cha-cha. çaçaron 1. garrulous. 2. chatterbox, overbearing windbag, çaçaronluk 1. garrulity, garrulousness. 2. being a chatterbox.
Çad 1. Chad. 2. Chadian, of Chad, çadır tent. — ağırşağı/başı cap of a tent pole designed to keep the rain out. — bezi tent canvas. — ı bozmak to take down a tent. — çanağı piece at the top of a tent pole to which the canvas is attached. — direği tent pole. — eteği tent skirt, apron of a tent. — göbeği see çadır çanağı. — kanadı tent flap.
   —   kazığı tent peg. — kurmak to pitch a tent. — tablası flat wooden disk at the top of a tent pole. — tekerleği see çadır ağırşağı/başı.
çadırcı 1. tentmaker. 2. seller of tents, çadırcılık 1. tentmaking; being a tentmaker. 2.
   tent selling; being a seller of tents, çadırçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis. çadırlı 1. tented; covered with tents; provided with a tent. 2. tent dweller. — ordugâh
   mil. tented encampment, çadıruşağı, -m (./...) 1. gum ammoniac. 2. bot. dorema, gum ammoniac plant, Dorema ammoniacum..
Çadlı 1. (a) Chadian. 2. Chadian (person), ‘çağ 1. time. 2. age, period. 3. era, epoch. 4. the right time (for s.t.). — açmak to begin a new era. — atlamak (for a country) to make up for lost time by modernizing with lightning rapidity; (for s.o.) to enter the modern age at a bound. — üstü ultramodern.
2çağ prov. sink, drain.
çağa prov. baby; child.
çağana (./.) 1. small tambourine. 2. castanet.
çağanoz zool. green crab, Carcinides maenas.
   —      gibi colloq. misshapen, çağaşım (/..) anachronism, çağaşımsal (/...) anachronistic.
Çağatay 1. (a) Jagatai Turk, (a) Jagatai. 2.
   Jagatai, of the Jagatai Turks, of the Jagatai. Çağatayca (../.) 1. Jagatai, Chagatai, the Jagatai language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Jagatai, Jagatai, Chagatai. 3. Jagatai, Chagatai (speech/writing); spoken in Jagatai; written in Jagatai. çağcıl modem, up-to-date, çağcıllaşma becoming modern, modernization, çağcıllaşmak to become modern, çağcıllaştırmak /i/ to modernize, çağcıllık modernity, being up-to-date, çağdaş contemporary, contemporaneous, çağdaşlaşma becoming contemporary, becoming contemporaneous, çağdaşlaşmak to become contemporary, become contemporaneous, çağdaşlık contemporariness, contemporaneity, contemporaneousness. çağdışı (/..) 1. (s.o.) who subscribes to outworn ideas; (s.t.) which is no longer considered to be acceptable, outworn. 2. mil. (s.o.) who is too old to be drafted, çağıl çağıl (./ ..) (water’s running between rocks) with a babbling/murmuring/crashing sound.
çağıldamak (for water) to babble/murmur/crash, çağıltı-the babbling/murmuring/crashing sound (of water running between rocks), çağırgan prov. (s.o.) who shouts a lot, who talks too loudly, çağın see çağrı.
çağırıcı person sent to invite/summon someone, invitcr, summoneı*.
çağırış
                              çağınş 1. calling, call; invitation; summons. 2. way of calling/inviting/summoning. 3. shouting, calling out. 4. way of shouting or calling out. 5. singing. 6. way of singing, çağırma 1. calling, call; invitation; summons.
   2.    shouting, calling out. 3. singing, çağırmak /i/ 1. to call; to invite; to summon.
   2.    to shout, call out. 3. to sing, çağırtı call, shout, yell.
                             çağırtkan 1. (live/artificial) decoy. 2. call, instrument used to imitate an animal’s cry. çağırtmaç town crier, crier, çağırtmak hi 1. to have (s.o.) called/invited/ summoned. 2. to cause (s.o.) to shout or call out. 3. to have (s.o.) sing, çağla (/.) 1. green almond, unripe almond.
   2.    (a) green fruit, (an) unripe fruit (usually an almond/a plum/an apricot). — bademi green almond, unripe almond. — yeşili almond green, a green resembling that of unripe almonds, çağlama splashing/crashing (of falling water), çağlamak (for falling water) to splash/crash, çağlar see çağlayan, çağlayan waterfall, cascade, çağlayık bubbling spring; hot spring, çağlı prov. 1. tall and strapping. 2. strong and healthy.
çağmak /a/ (for the sun) to beat down (on), çağrı 1. law.summons; subpoena, subpoena ad testificandum. 2. law (written) summons, process; subpoena, subpoena ad testificandum. 3. mil. call-up. 4. mil. (written) call-up notice, draft notice. 5. invitation; summons; call. — belgesi 1. law summons, process; subpoena, subpoena ad testificandum. 2. mil. call-up notice, draft notice. — cihazı beeper (a device that is worn on one’s person and that beeps whenever one receives a telephone call). — yazısı see çağrı belgesi, çağrıcı inviter, summoner. çağrılamak li/ to call; to invite, çağrılı invited (person), çağrılık written invitation, çağrılmak to be invited; to be called. Çağrılan yere erinme, çağrılmayan yere görünme. proverb Go where you’ve been invited but stay away from where you’ve not been invited. Çağrılmayan yere çörekçi ile börekçi gider, proverb Only peddlers go ^where they’ve not been invited, çağrım the distance a voice can travel, çağrışım psych, association. — bölgesi anat. thalamus.
çağrışımcı psych. 1. (an) associationist. 2. asso-^ciationist, associationistic. çağrışımcılık psych, associationism. çağrışmak 1. to call out in unison, shout together. 2. to sing in unison, çağrıştırmak /ı, a/ to bring (s.t.) to mind, remind (s.o.) of. çağsama nostalgia, çağsamak to feel nostalgic.
                                                                                                çakışık
çakal 1. zool. jackal, Canis aureus. 2. slang shady person, underhanded person. 3. prov. finicky, irritable, quick-tempered, —lar gibi ulumak colloq. to howl like jackals, shout and cry piercingly, çakalarmudu, -nu (./...) bot., see ahlat, çakaleriği, -ni (./...) bot. sloe, Prunus spinosa. çakaloz hist, a swivel gun. çakar 1. a dragnet for catching mackerel. 2.
   flashing beacon (to warn ships), çakaralmaz 1. colloq. useless, good-for-nothing.
   2. joc. pistol that won’t fire, çakaroz slang, used in: — etmek hi to understand, get, Brit. twig, çakı pocketknife; jackknife. — gibi colloq. very active and alert, çakıcı maker/seller of pocketknives/jackknives. çakıl 1. pebble, small stone. 2. gravel. — döşemek /a/ to pave with pebbles; to gravel.
   —      ocağı gravel pit. — pidesi a pide baked on hot pebbles. — taşı pebble, small stone, çakıldak prov. 1. rattle (a toy). 2. mill clapper; mill hopper. 3. ratchet. 4. ball of dried dung hanging on an animal’s tail. 5. ceaseless talker.
çakıldama rattling; clicking, making a clicking sound.
çakıldamak to rattle; to click, make a clicking sound.
çakıldatmak III to shake (s.t.) noisily; to rattle; to make (things) click against each other, ‘çakılı (s.o.) equipped with a pocketknife/a jackknife.
2çakılı /a/ 1. nailed (to). 2. (animal) that is tethered to a stake in (a place), çakıllı pebbly, gravelly; graveled, çakıllık 1. pebbly/gravelly place; place paved with pebbles/gravel. 2. gravel pit. çakılmak 1. (for a nail/a peg) to be driven into place; to be pegged down; to be nailed down.
   2. /a/ (for a plane) to nöse-dive into (a place).
   3.    slang to be found out, be discovered, çakıltı crunching sound, crunch (as of s.o.
   treading on gravel), çakım 1. nailing, work of nailing. 2. pegging (of a stake). 3. flash of light. 4. flash of lightning. 5. spark, çakın 1. flash of lightning. 2. spark.
‘çakır grayish blue (eyes); gray (eyes) with blue streaks.
2çakır zool. goshawk, Accipiter gentilis.
3çakır obs. wine, çakırcı falconer.
çakırdiken (./..) bot. field eryngo, Eryngium campestre.
çakırdoğan (./..) zool. goshawk, Accipiter gentilis.
çakırkanat (./..) zool. teal, Anas crecca. çakır key f (./.) see çakırkeyif, çakırkeyif (./..) half tipsy, somewhat drunk, çakırpençe (./..) (s.o.) who gets what he/she wants.
çakışık geom. congruent.
çakışmak
168
çalıbülbülü
çakışmak 1. to fit snugly into each other. 2. (for the times of events) to cönflict; /la/ (for the time of one event) to conflict with (the time of another). 3. to collide with each other. 4. prov. to compete in extemporizing poetry. 5. geom. to be congruent, çakıştırmak 1. colloq. to drink, booze; hi to toss down, Brit, knock back (a drink). 2. hi prov. to compare.. 3. hi to sow enmity between (two people), çakız slang, used in: — etmek 1. hi to understand, get, Brit. twig. 2. /a/ to clue (s.o.) in. çakma 1. striking/pounding/driving (s.t.). 2. embossing; engraving; stamping. 3. die used in embossing/stamping. 4. prov. a skin disease characterized by facial pustules. 5. prov. facial pustule.
‘çakmak 1. cigarette lighter, lighter. 2. steel for striking on a flint. — çakmak bloodshot (eyes). — tiftik short mohair of first quality. 2çakmak prov. 1. a skin disease characterized by facial pustules. 2. facial pustule. — çamuru mudlike substance applied to facial pustules as a medicament.
3çakmak 1. hi to drive in (a stake); to nail (s.t.).
   2. /i, a/ to tether (an animal) to a stake in (a place). 3. /i, a/ to land (a blow) on, strike (a blow) to. 4. hi to strike (a match); to light (a lighter). 5. /dan/ slang to know something about, have some knowledge of. 6. hi slang to understand, get, Brit. twig. 7. /i, a/ slang to palm off (s.t.) on (s.o.). 8. (for lightning) to flash. 9. slang to drink, booze. 10. /dan/ slang to flunk, fail (an exam/a subject);
   I   dal to fail (a class), çakmakçı repairer/seller of lighters, çakmaklı flintlock gun. çakmaklık (fuel/wick) suitable for use in a cigarette lighter, çakmaktaşı, -ni (./..) 1. geol. flint. 2. flint (for a lighter), çakoz slang, used in: — etmek hi to understand, get, Brit. twig. — olmak to understand, get it, Brit. twig, çakozlamak hi slang to understand, get, Brit. twig.
çakşır 1. a kind of shalwar made of thin material and often sewn to thin leather boots at the ankles. 2. leg feather, shank feather (of a fowl).
çakşırlı 1. (person) who is wearing a çakşır.
   2.    feather-legged (fowl), çakşırotu, -nu (./..) bot. ferula, Ferula. çaktırılmak 1. (for a stake/a nail/a peg) to be driven in. 2. to be nailed down; to be pegged down.
çaktırmadan (./..) secretly; without letting the cat out of the bag, without giving anything away.
çaktırmak 1. /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) drive (s.t.) in; to have (s.o.) nail/peg (s.t.) down; to have (one thing) nailed/pegged to (another). 2. /i, a/ slang to clue (s.o.) in on (s.t.). 3. /i, dan/
slang to fail/flunk (s.o.) in (an exam/a subject).
çalacak prov. ferment, leaven; yeast, çalak (— ^) obs. swift, nimble, agile, çalakalem (./..) (writing) hastily and carelessly, çalakamçı (./..) using the whip freely (as one rides/drives an animal), çalakaşık (./..) (eating) as vfast as he/she can shovel it in. çalakılıç (./..) delivering sword blows in all directions, çalakırbaç (./..) see çalakamçı. çalakürek (./..) rowing hard.
Çalap obs. God.
çalapa 1. pharm. jalap, jalapa. 2. bot. jalap, Exogonium purga. çalapaça (./..) (dragging s.o. along) by main force.
çalapala (./..) with all one’s might, çalar 1. striking/alarm mechanism of a clock.
    2.     (clock) equipped with a striking/alarm mechanism. — saat 1. striking clock; chiming clock. 2. alarm clock, çalçene (/..) 1. chatty, talkative. 2. chatterbox, çaldırılmak 1. (for a musical instrument, a piece of music) to be played on request; /a/ (for a musical instrument, a piece of music) to be played on request by (s.o.). 2. (for s.t.) to be stolen; /a/ (for s.t.) to be stolen by (s.o.).
çaldırmak 1. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) play (a musical instrument, a piece of music, a radio).
    2. /i, al to have (s.o.) ring/toll (a bell); to have (s.o.) peal (bells); to have (s.o.) buzz (a buzzer); to have (s.o.) knock at (a door).
    3. hi to arrange for (s.t.) to be stolen. 4. h, al to have (s.o.) steal (s.t.). 5. hi to allow (s.t.) to be stolen.
çalgı 1. musical instrument. 2. instrumental music. 3. group of musicians. 4. place which has live musical entertainment. — aleti musical instrument. — çağanak with music and merrymaking. — çalmak to play music, —da düzenleme tuning. — orağı scythe. — takımı group of musicians, çalgıcı musician, instrumentalist, çalgıcılık being a professional musician, çalgıcıotu, -nu (../..) bot. hedge mustard, Sisymbrium officinale. çalgıç plectrum, pick.
çalgılı (place/event) which has live musical entertainment, çalgın prov. 1. stunted cereal crop, poorly developed cereal crop. 2. (a) frostbitten fruit; (a) diseased fruit. 3. (a) food which has been tainted by the copper of a cooking pot. 4. paralyzed person. 5. paralyzed (person), çalı bush, shrub, —dan çalıya sıçramak to jump at random from one topic to another.
    —      çırpı sticks and twigs. — gibi bushy (hair/beard). — süpürgesi besom, broom made from heath, çalıbülbülü, -nü (./...) zool. whitethroat (a
çalıdikeni
   warbler), Sylvia communis. çalıdikeni, -ni (./...) bot. blackthorn, sloe, Prunus spinosa. çalıfasulyesi, -ni (./....) bot. string beans with large edible pods and small beans, çalıhorozu, -nu (./...) zool. capercaillie, wood grouse, Tetrao urogallus. çalık prov. 1. crooked, awry. 2. slanting, beveled. 3. (cloth) cut on the bias. 4. (mentally) deranged, not all there. 5. faded (color). 6. (horse) that has a marked sidle, that can’t move in a straight line. 7. pockmarked; scarred. 8. pockmark; scar. 9. (s.o.) whose name has been struck off a roll. 10. sheep pox.
çalıkavak (./..) bot. a poplar the branches of which are used in wickerwork, çalıkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. 1. wren, Troglodytes.
   2.    goldcrest, golden-crested kinglet, Regulus regulus. çalılık thicket; maquis; scrub, çalım 1. swagger, strut, affected dignity. 2. the curved cutting edge of a scimitar. 3. soccer fake, faking movement. —ından geçilmemek /in/ to swagger unbearably. — ma getirmek III 1. to find a convenient occasion (for). 2. to make (s.t.) work out as one desires. — satmak to swagger, çalımlamak hi 1. soccer to fake (a player). 2.
   to take advantage of, cheat, çalımlanmak 1. to swagger. 2. soccer (for a player) to be faked, çalımlı 1. pompous. 2. naut. (ship) which is narrow and has a high bow. çalınmak 1. to be stolen. 2. (for a bell) to be rung/tolled; (for bells) to be pealed; (for a buzzer) to be buzzed; (for a trumpet) to be sounded; (for a horn/a whistle) to be blown/ tooted. 3. (for a musical instrument/a piece of music/a record/a record player/a tape player/a radio) to be played. 4. (for a door) to be knocked on. 5. /a/ to be thrown/hurled to (the ground). 6. /a/ (for an ingredient) to be added to (a liquid). 7. /a/ prov. to be spread/smeared on. çalıntı 1. stolen (goods). 2. plagiarized (material). 3. stolen goods. 4. plagiarized material, çalışılmak impersonal passive 1. to work. 2. to study. 3. to try, strive, çalışım 1. exercise, training. 2. campaign, çalışkan 1. hardworking, industrious. 2. studious.
çalışkanlık 1. industriousness, industry. 2. studiousness.
çalışma 1. work, working. 2. study, studying.
   —      izni work permit. — saatleri working hours. Ç— ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanı the Minister of Labor and Social Security. Ç— ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, çalışmak 1. to work. 2. /a/ to study. 3. /a/ to try/strive (to do s.t.). 4. (for a machine) to operate, run, work, go. çalışıp çabalamak
169                                       çalkantı
        to try hard, do all one can. çalışmalık earnings, wage, pay; fee. çalışman employee, çalıştırıcı sports trainer, çalıştırıcılık sports being a trainer, training, çalıştırılmak 1. (for s.o.) to be worked. 2. to be allowed to work. 3. to be tutored. 4. (for s.o.) to be trained. 5. to be employed. 6. (for a machine) to be operated, be run. çalıştırma 1. working (s.o.); causing/allowing (s.o.) to work. 2. tutoring. 3. training (s.o.).
        4.    employing, employment. 5. operating, running (a machine), çalıştırmak hi 1. to work (s.o.); to cause/allow (s.o.) to work. 2. to tutor. 3. to train (s.o.).
        4.    to employ. 5. to operate, run (a machine), çalıştırman sports, see çalıştırıcı, çalıştırmanlık sports, see çalıştırıcılık, çalkağı prov. 1. cotton gin. 2. sieve (for separating grain), çalkak prov., see çalkağı, çalkalama 1. shaking, shake, agitating, agitation. 2. tossing (s.t.) about. 3. shaking up; beating; whipping; churning. 4. rinsing (dishes/one’s mouth). 5. sieving (grain) (by shaking it). 6. (a woman’s) wiggling (her hips); (a belly dancer’s) wiggling (her stomach). 7. upsetting, turning (one’s stomach), çalkalamak hi 1. to shake, agitate. 2. to toss (s.t.) about. 3. to shake up; to beat; to whip; to churn. 4. to rinse (dishes/one’s mouth). 5. to sieve (grain) (by shaking it). 6. (for a woman) to wiggle (her hips); (for a belly dancer) to wiggle (her stomach). 7. (for a brooding hen) to rotate (her eggs). 8. to upset, turn (one’s stomach), çalkalanmak 1. to be shaken, be agitated. 2. to be tossed about. 3. to be shaken up; to be beaten; to be whipped; to be churned. 4. (for dishes/one’s mouth) to be rinsed. 5. (for grain) to be sieved (by shaking it). 6. (for eggs) to go bad. 7. (for one’s stomach) to get upset. 8. (for a sea/a lake) to billow, get rough. 9. to pulsate, pulse, vibrate (with a feeling). 10. /da/ (for news/a rumor) to echo around, reverberate around (a place); Hal (for a place) to be talking about nothing but (a specified piece of news). 11. (for a ship) to roll from side to side. 12. (for a woman’s hips) to wiggle; (for a belly dancer’s stomach) to wiggle, çalkalatmak /ı, al 1. to have (s.o.) shake/agitate (s.t.). 2. to have (s.o.) toss (s.t.) about. 3. to have (s.o.) shake/beat/whip/churn (s.t.). 4. to have (s.o.) rinse (dishes, his/her mouth). 5. to have (s.o.) sieve (grain) (by shaking it), çalkama see çalkalama. — ayran shaken/ churned ayran, çalkamak 111 see çalkalamak, çalkanmak see çalkalanmak, çalkantı 1. billow, undulation, swell, surge (of a sea/a lake). 2. shaking; beating; whipping; churning. 3. something that has been shaken/
 çalkantılı
   beaten/whipped/chumed. 4. chaff (left after grain has been sieved). 5. pulsation, vibration (of an emotion). 6. turmoil, disturbance, agitation. 7. wiggling (of a woman’s hips, a belly dancer’s stomach), çalkantılı 1. undulating/billowing/rough/choppy (water). 2. turbulent, agitated (time/place), çalkar prov. 1. sieve (for separating grain). 2. cotton gin. 3. something which upsets the stomach. 4. (a) purgative, çalkatmak /ı, a/ see çalkalatmak, çalma 1. stealing. 2. ringing/tolling (a bell); pealing (bells); sounding (a trumpet); blowing, tooting (a horn/a whistle). 3. playing (a musical instrument/a piece of music/a record/ a record player/a tape player/a radio). 4. knocking on (a door). 5. (a bell’s) ringing/ tolling; pealing (of bells); (a telephone’s) ringing; striking/chiming (of a clock); playing (of a record player/a tape player/a radio). 6. chasing (a metal object). 7. prov. milk to which yogurt starter has been added.
   8.    prov. match (for starting a fire). 9. prov. head scarf. 10. obs. a kind of turban. 11. stolen. — maden chased metal, çalmacı chaser, person who chases metal, çalmak 1. hi to steal, take (s.t.) unlawfully. 2. h! to ring/toll (a bell); to peal (bells); to sound (a trumpet); to blow, toot (a horn/a whistle); to buzz (a buzzer). 3. hi to play (a musical instrument/a piece of music/a record/ a record player/a tape player/a radio). 4. hi to knock on (a door). 5. (for a bell) to ring/ toll; (for bells) to peal; (for a telephone) to ring; (for a buzzer) to buzz; (for a trumpet) to sound; (for a clock) to strike/chime; (for a horn/a whistle) to blow/toot, be blown/ tooted; (for a musical instrument/a record/a record player/a tape player/a radio) to play, be played; (for a piece of music) to be played. 6. (for a clock) to strike (an hour).
   7.  /i, a/ to throw/hurl (s.t./s.o.) to (the ground). 8. /a, il to add (an ingredient) to (a liquid). 9. /a, il prov. to spread/smear (one thing) on (another). 10. hi (for frost/copper/ soot) to spoil (s.t.). 11. hi to cut (s.t.) diagonally; to cut (cloth) on the bias. 12. hi to chase (a metal object). 13. hi prov. to sweep up, get rid of (dust/dirt). 14. /a/ (for one color) to be tinged with (another). 15. (for s.o.’s accent) to have something of (a specified language) about it: Dili Fransizcaya çalıyor. There’s something French about his accent. 16. prov. (for s.o.’s height) to verge on (a specified length): Boyu kısaya çalıyor. She’s on the short side. 17. to wield (a sword/a whip/an oar) with all one’s might, çala çala ezgisini getirmek colloq. to keep at something until one succeeds, persist in something until one succeeds, çalıp çırpmak colloq. to steal anything he/she can get his/ her hands on. Çalma elin kapısını, çalarlar kapını, proverb (Don’t knock on another’s
 170                                           çambiti
   door lest others knock on your door.) Don’t do wrong to others, or they’ll do wrong to you. Çalmadığım kapı kalmadı. I’ve left no stone unturned, çalmadan oynamak colloq. 1. to be elated, be on top of the world; to be tickled pink. 2. to be very eager (to do s.t.), be raring to go; always to be ready (to do s.t.), be ready (to do s.t.) at the drop of a hat.
çaimalı chased (metal object).
çalpara (/..) 1. castanet, finger cymbal. 2. disk (which serves as a valve in a chain pump).
    3. zool. lady crab, Portunus puber.
çalyaka (/..) by the collar, by the scruff of the neck. — etmek III to grab (s.o.) by the collar, collar.
çam 1. bot. pine, pine tree, Pinus. 2. pine, made of pine. — ağacından ağıl olmaz, el çocuğundan oğul olmaz, proverb As you can’t make a sheepfold out of pine boughs, so you can’t make a son out of a stranger’s child.
    —  devirmek colloq. 1. to put one’s foot in it, put one’s foot in one’s mouth, make a tactless/embarrassing mistake. 2. to upset the applecart, ruin something that was going fine.
    —  iğnesi/pürü bot. pine needle. — yarması colloq. 1. big and brawny, big and burly, husky. 2. big and brawny person, (a) husky.
    —  yarması gibi colloq. big and brawny, big and burly, husky.
çamaşır 1. dirty laundry, dirty clothes, laundry. 2. underwear; underlinen, linen. — asmak to hang out the laundry. — değiştirmek to change one’s underwear. — dolabı linen cupboard, linen closet, linen press. — günü washday. — ipeği embroidery silk. — ipi clothesline. — kazanı washpot. — leğeni washtub. — makinesi washing machine. — mandalı clothespin, Brit, clothes-peg, peg.
    —  merdanesi clothes wringer. — sepeti 1. laundry basket (for clean laundry). 2. dirty -clothes hamper. — sıkmak to wring laundry. — sodası washing soda. — suyu liquid bleach, bleach. — teknesi laundry tray, laundry tub, set tub, washtray. — tozu washing powder. — yıkamak to wash clothes, do the laundry, do the wash.
çamaşırcı washerwoman, washwoman, laundress, laundry woman; laundryman, washerman, washman. — kadm washerwoman, washwoman, laundress, laundry woman.
çamaşırcıayı (.../..) zool. raccoon, racoon, coon, Procybn lot or.
çamaşırhane (...— .) 1. laundry room, laundry; washhouse. 2. (a commercial) laundry; laundromat, launderette, washeteria, washateria.
çamaşırlık 1. laundry room, laundry; washhouse. 2. (cloth) suitable for making underwear.
çambaştankarası, -ni (/.....) zool. coal titmouse, Par us ater.
çambiti, -ni (/..) zpol. jumping plant louse, Psyllidae.
çamça
çamça zool. roach (a small freshwater fish), Rutilus rutilus. çamçak 1. shallow bowl. 2. (a hand-held) scoop, çamfıstığı, -m (/...) pine nut, pignolia, pignon.
   —     ağacı bot. Italian stone pine, Pinus pinea. çamgiller bot. Pinaceae. çamkeseböceği, -ni (/.....) zool. a processionary moth that is harmful to pines, Thau-metopoea.
çamlı piny, piney, (place) that abounds in pines;
   pine-forested, pine-clad, çamlık 1. pine grove; piny wood. 2. piny, piney, (place) that abounds in pines; pine-forested, pine-clad.
çampaka bot. champac, champak, Michelia champaca.
çamsakızı, -ni (/...) pine pitch, pine resin, turpentine. — çoban armağanı. (The shepherd’s gift is pine pitch.) 1. proverb A poor person can give only from what he/she has. 2. colloq. I know this small gift is unworthy of you, but given my circumstances it’s the best I can do. — gibi colloq. very pestiferous (importuner), (s.o.) who won’t take no for an answer.
çamuka (./.) zool. sand smelt, Atherina hep-setus.
çamur 1. mud, muck, mire; ooze; silt; sludge. 2. colloq. material that has a mud-like consistency, e.g. wet cement, wet plaster. 3. potter’s clay; sculpting clay. 4. colloq. very pertinacious and unpleasant (person). — atmak /a/ colloq. to sling mud (at), vilify. — banyosu mud bath, —a basmak colloq., see çamura bulaşmak, —a bulamak hi colloq., see çamur atmak, —a bulaşmak colloq. to get mixed up in something dirty, get involved in something reprehensible, —dan çekip çıkarmak hi colloq. to keep (s.o.) from getting a bad name. — deryası colloq. sea of mud, very muddy place, —a düşmek colloq. to have one’s reputation besmirched. — gibi colloq. very pertinacious and unpleasant (person). — ığrıbı fishing net used in shallow water. — u karnında (çiçeği burnunda) colloq. (s.o.) who is still wet behind the ears, who is young and inexperienced, who is a fledgling, who is a greenhorn. — sıçratmak /a/ colloq., see çamur atmak, —a taş atmak colloq. to anger/rile an aggressive, abusive loudmouth, —a yatmak colloq. to fail to make good a promise, not to come through, çamurcuk zool. a small carp, çamurcun zool. teal, Anas crecca. çamurlamak h! 1. to smear/plaster (s.o./s.t.) with mud; to mud; to muddy. 2. to sling mud at, vilify, çamurlanmak 1. to get muddy; to be muddied; to be mudded. 2. to fill up with mud/sludge; to silt up. 3. to be vilified, be smeared, be smirched.
çamurlaşmak 1. to turn into mud, get muddy.
                                                                                                 çangal
   2. to begin to pick a quarrel, çamurlatmak h, a/ to have (s.o.) smear/plaster (s.o./s.t.) with mud; to have (s.o.) mud (s.t.). çamurlu muddy; mudded, smeared/plastered with mud; covered in mud. çamurluk 1. muddy place; mire. 2. gaiter, legging. 3. auto, mudguard. 4. footscraper. çan 1. large bell. 2. gong. — çalmak 1. to ring a bell/a gong. 2. colloq. to noise something abroad, spread the news far and wide. — kulesi belfry, bell tower; campanile. — ma ot tıkamak/tıkmak Iml colloq. 1. to put (s.o.) out of operation, put the kibosh on. 2. to shut (s.o.) up, muzzle, silence. — tokmağı clapper, tongue, çanak 1. bowl (especially an earthen one); mixing bowl. 2. bowl (of a tobacco pipe). 3. biol., anat. calyx. — açmak /a/ colloq., see çanak tutmak. — ağızlı 1. (s.o ./an animal) who/which has a large mouth, bigmouthed.
    2. widemouthed (container). 3. colloq. (s.o.) who has a big mouth, who is a blabbermouth, who can’t keep a secret. — anten satellite dish (for receiving television stations). — ta balın olsun, Yemen’den arı gelir, proverb (If you have honey in the pot, the bees will come from Yemen.) If your product is a good one, you don’t need to advertise it.
    —     çömlek crockery; pottery. — gibi colloq. big (mouth/bowl/cup). —ma ne doğrarsan kaşığına o çıkar, proverb (Whatever you slice into the pot is what’ll appear in your spoon.) You reap what you sow. — tutmak /a/ colloq. to invite, ask for (trouble). — üzengi wide stirrup. — yalamak colloq. to lick someone’s boots, kowtow, toady. — yalayıcı colloq. 1. bootlicker, toady. 2. (s.o.) who is a bootlicker, toadying, fawning, çanakçı maker/seller of bowls (especially earthen ones), çanakçılık being a maker/a seller of bowls (especially earthen ones); making/selling bowls (especially earthen ones).
 Çanakkale (./..) Çanakkale (formerly Chanak, Dardanelles, Sultanieh Kalesi). — Boğazı the Dardanelles, the Hellespont, the Helles-pontus.
çanaklık 1. naut. crow’s nest. 2. arch, echinus (in the capital of a column), çanaksı biol. calyciform. — hücreler anat.
   goblet cells, çanakyaprağı, -m (./...) bot. sepal, çancı 1. maker/seller of bells. 2. bell ringer, çan çan (/ .) 1. (clanging/ringing/jangling) loudly. 2. clanging/ringing/jangling sound. 3. colloq. continuous and boring talk, chatter. — etmek colloq. to chatter loudly and endlessly, çançiçeği, -ni (/...) bot. bellflower, Campanula.
 çançiçeğigiller (/...) bot. Campanulaceae.
çandır prov. 1. (domestic animal) of mixed breed. 2. ungrafted (stock plant), çangal prov. 1. crooked, bushy tree. 2. wrestling hooking one’s foot around the leg of one’s
çangıl çungul
172
çapraz
    opponent.
çangıl çungul (./ ..) with a clatter/a crash, çangır çungur (./ ..) see çangıl çungul, çangırdamak (for metal objects) to clatter, clank, rattle, çangırtı clatter, clank, rattle (of metal objects), çanıltı sound, ringing (of a bell or bells), çanlı furnished with a bell/a gong. — şamandıra bell buoy, çanlık bell tower, belfry; campanile, çanta (/.) 1. (woman’s) purse, handbag, or shoulder bag. 2. change purse. 3. briefcase, attache case. 4. carry-on bag, carry-on, traveling bag, valise; garment bag, suit bag, hanger case. 5. knapsack, rucksack; haversack. 6. game bag. 7. colloq. plastic bag/sack (with handles); plastic shopping bag. —da keklik colloq. a sure thing, a certainty, something which is in the bag. çantacı (/..) 1. maker/seller of purses, briefcases, carry-on bags, knapsacks, etc. 2. slang purse-snatcher; pickpocket, çantacılık (/...) 1. making/selling purses, briefcases, carry-on bags, knapsacks, etc. 2. slang purse-snatching; picking pockets, çantaçiçeği, -ni (/....) bot. slipperwort, Calceolaria integrifolia. çap, -pi 1. diameter. 2. mil. caliber, bore. 3. scale, size. 4. caliber, quality. 5. plan showing the size and boundaries of a plot, —tan düşmek colloq. not to be what one used to be, no longer to be able to do what one once did. — ölçer caliper rule. — pergeli calipers, caliper compass.
‘çapa 1. hoe; mattock. 2. hoeing (of a crop).
    3. naut. (palmed) anchor. 4. naut. palm/fluke (of an anchor).
2çapa naut. bend, wale (in the hull of a wooden ship). — tahtası bend, wale, çapacı 1. hoer. 2. maker/seller of hoes/mattocks, çapaçul colloq. slovenly, slatternly, frowzy, çapaçulluk colloq. slovenliness, slatternliness, frowziness.
‘çapak 1. sleep, sand (the substance that can be found in the corners of the eyes after sleeping). 2. burr (on metal); fin (on a casting); wire edge. — almak /dan/ to deburr, burr, remove burrs from. — kalemi burr chisel, burr.
2çapak zool., see çapakbalığı. çapakbalığı, -nı (./...) zool. bream, Abramis brama.
çapaklanmak 1. (for one’s eyes) to get encrusted with sleep. 2. (for a metal object) to get a burr on it. çapaklı 1. (eyes) encrusted with sleep. 2. (metal object) which has a burr on it, burred, çapalamak l\l to hoe/mattock (earth/plants), çapalanmak (for earth/plants) to be hoed/mat-tocked.
çapalatmak /a, ı/ to have (s.o.) hoe/mattock (earth/plants); l\l to have (earth/plants) hoed/ mattocked.
çapalı 1. provided with a hoe/a mattock. 2. provided with an anchor or anchors, çapanoğlu, -nu (./..) colloq. (a) difficulty, snag, —nun aptes suyu any watery, flavorless drink, (altından) — çıkmak for a snag to crop up.
‘çapar hist, mounted courier.
2çapar a boat used on the Black Sea.
3çapar prov. 1. spotted, mottled; speckled. 2.
   albino, çaparı see çapari.
çaparız colloq. obstacle, hitch, snag, difficulty.
   —      çıkmak colloq. for a problem to crop up, for something to go wrong. — düşmek naut. (for one cable) to fall athwart (another), —a gelmek slang to fall for it, be deceived, —a getirmek /ı/ slang to trick, entrap (s.o.). — vermek /a/ 1. colloq. to mess up, foul up, undo (s.t.). 2. naut. to foul (anchors), çaparızlı colloq. sticky, thorny, difficult. — demir naut. fouled anchor, çapari setline; trotline; trawl line, trawl, çapariz see çaparız, çaparizli see çaparızlı. çapçak prov. 1. wooden water vessel. 2. open barrel.
çapkın 1. (man) who likes to chase women, who philanders, who tomcats around. 2. sexy, lustful, erotic. 3. good-for-nothing, no-count. 4. woman chaser, skirt-chaser, womanizer, roue, philanderer, Casanova, tomcat. 5. rascal, scamp: Seni çapkın seni! You rascal you!
çapkınlaşmak to become a philanderer, turn into a skirt-chaser. çapkınlık being a womanizer, philandering, çapla cold chisel.
çaplamak hi to gauge, measure the diameter of; to calibrate, çaplı 1. (s.t.) which has a diameter/a caliber (of a specified size). 2. large in diameter; large calibered; big bored (gun). 3. big, massively built (person), çapmak 1. to run, trot, canter, gallop. 2. /i/ to ride (a horse) fast. 3. /a/ to raid; to pillage, çaprak saddlecloth, shabrack, shabraque. çapraşık 1. complicated; convoluted, involved;
   tangled. 2. transverse, crosswise, crossing, çapraşıklaşmak to get complicated; to become convoluted.
çapraşıklık 1. complicatedness, complicacy;
   tanglement. 2. transverseness, çapraşmak 1. to become complicated/convoluted/tangled. 2. /la/ (for one thing) to cut across another diagonally, çapraz 1. transverse, crosswise, crossing (lines); (s.t.) which is placed or hangs crosswise, which is placed or hangs at an angle, which is placed or hangs diagonally. 2. crosswise, across, diagonally, transversely, obliquely, at an angle; athwart. 3. (cutting cloth) on the bias. 4. tailor, double-breasted. 5. crosscut file. 6. saw set. 7. double-breasted jacket/vest.
çaprazgaga
   8. wrestling a kind of clinch. 9. arch, groin (of a vault). 10. bandolier. 11. diagonal brace/ strut (in a construction). 12. prov. hook and eye. 13. prov. button, —a almak hi wrestling to take (one’s opponent) in a clinch. — ateş mil. cross fire. — bağ anat. (a) cruciate ligament (of the knee). — bulaşım path, cross infection. — çarpım math, cross product, vector product. — döllenme biol. cross fertilization. — iskemle Savonarola chair. — kerteriz naut. cross bearings. — kur fin. cross rate, cross exhange, Brit, indirect parity.
   —  kuşak baldric. — nef arch, transept. — saliin arch, transept. — sahm karesi arch. crossing (of a church), —a sarmak (for a matter/a situation) to get complicated, get involved, turn into a mess, —da sürmek /i/ wrestling to push (one’s opponent) backward while holding him in a clinch. — tonoz arch, groin vault. — tozlaşma bot. cross pollination. — vermek /a/ to set the teeth of (a saw).
çaprazgaga (./..) zool. crossbill, Loxia curvi-rostra.
çaprazlama 1. crossing, putting (two things) in a crosswise position. 2. crosswise, across, diagonally, transversely, obliquely, at an angle; athwart. 3. (cutting cloth) on the bias.
   4. setting the teeth of (a saw). 5. biol. crossbreeding.
çaprazlamak /ı/ 1. to cross, put (two things) in a crosswise position. 2. to set the teeth of (a saw). 3. to crossbreed (animals/plants), çaprazlaşmak (for a matter/a situation) to get complicated, get involved, turn into a mess, çaprazlı 1. (tooth of a saw) that has been set. 2. prov. fitted with a hook and eye or hooks and eyes. 3. prov. furnished with a button or buttons, çaprazkk transverseness, obliqueness, obliquity, çaprazölçer (./..) set gage (for saw teeth), çaprazvari (..------) crosswise, across, diago-
   nally, transversely, obliquely, at an angle; athwart.
çapul 1. looting, sacking, pillaging, plundering. 2. loot, booty, spoils. — etmek /i/ to loot, sack, pillage, plunder, çapulcu looter, sacker, pillager, plunderer, çapulculuk looting, sacking, pillaging, plundering; being a looter/a sacker/a pillager/a plunderer.
çapullamak /ı/ to loot, sack, pillage, plunder, çapullanmak 1. to be looted/sacked/pillaged/ plundered. 2. to get loot/booty/spoils, çaput, -tu 1. rag, cloth. 2. worn-out piece of clothing. 3. cloth patch, patch. —una çuluna, âşıklık ne halına, colloq. (How do you expect to be a lover when you are dressed in rags?) What makes you think you can do great things when you have nothing special to offer? çar czar, tsar.
çarçabuk (/..) very quickly, very speedily.
                                                                                          çarkıfelek
çarçur squandering, wasteful expenditure. — etmek /ı/ to squander, dissipate. — olmak to be squandered, be dissipated, çardak 1. arbor; pergola; bower, bowery; summerhouse. 2. booth, rude shelter open on all sides with a roof of branches/thatch, çardaş czardas, csardas. çare ( —.) solution, remedy, cure, way to solve/remedy a problem/a situation, —sine bakmak Im/ to look for a way to solve (a problem); to find a way to (do s.t.). — bulmak /a/ to find a way to remedy (a matter); to find a way to do (s.t.). — yok. colloq. I have no choice but to do it./My hands are tied.
çaresiz (—..) 1. incurable (disease). 2. (problem/situation) for which no solution/remedy exists or seems to exist, desperate. 3. (s.o.) who is in desperate straits. 4. used to indicate the unavoidable nature of an action: Çaresiz gittim. I had no choice but to go. — kalmak to be in desperate straits, çaresizlik (—...) 1. incurability, incurableness.
    2. desperation, despair, çareviç (./.) czarevitch, tsarevitch.
çargâh (------) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
çarh see çark.
çarha mil. 1. skirmish. 2. mounted skirmisher, çarhacı mil. mounted skirmisher, çarık 1. rawhide sandal. 2. drag, skid, shoe (for a carriage wheel). 3. slang wallet; purse, —i çekmek to get to work, set to. çarıkçı maker/seller of rawhide sandals, çarıkçılık making/selling rawhide sandals;
    being a maker/a seller of rawhide sandals, çarık çürük (./ ..) see çürük çarık, çarıklı (s.o.) who is wearing rawhide sandals.
    —     erkânıharp/diplomat/bezirgân colloq. canny peasant, çariçe (./.) czarina, tsarina, çark, -ki 1. wheel (of a machine). 2. paddle wheel. 3. drive wheel, driving wheel. 4. grindstone. 5. mil. wheel, wheeling (a turning movement of troops/ships). — ı bozulmak colloq. to meet with reverses, encounter adversities. — çevirmek to circle, go in circles. —i dönmek colloq. 1. for fortune to smile on one, for things to go well, for luck to be with one. 2. for one’s luck to desert one. — etmek /a/ 1. mil. (for troops/ships) to wheel in (a given direction). 2. to turn to (a given direction). — ma etmek/okumak Iml slang to fix (s.o.) but good, make (s.o.) suffer, —a vermek/vurmak/tutmak hi to hold (a blade) to a grindstone, çarkçı 1. naut. engineer, mechanic. 2. knife grinder, grinder, çarkçıbaşı, -m (./..) naut. chief engineer, çarkçılık 1. naut. the work of an engineer; being an engineer. 2. knife grinding; being a knife grinder, çarkıfelek 1. bot. passionflower, Passiflora.
    2. fireworks pin wheel, Catherine wheel. 3.
çarkıfelekgiller                                   174
    colloq. fate, fortune, destiny, çarkıfelekgiller bot. Passifloraceae. çarklı 1. (machine) equipped with a wheel (e.g. a drive wheel). 2. (steamer) driven by a paddle wheel. 3. paddle-wheeler, çarlık czardom, tsardom. çarliston 1. the Charleston (a dance). 2. bot., see çarliston biber. — biber/biberi bot. banana pepper (an elongated, light green sweet pepper).
çarmıh cross (used as an instrument for putting people to death), —a germek III to crucify, çarmık naut. shroud.
çarnaçar (—' — —) of necessity, perforce, willy-nilly, like it or not. çarpan math, factor; multiplier. — lara ayırmak hi math, to factor, çarpanbalığı, -m (./...) zool. greater weever, Trachinus draco. çarpara see çalpara. çarpar e (— —.) see çalpara. çarpı 1. math, multiplication sign. 2. math. times, multiplied by. 3. plaster made of coarse stuff and used as an undercoat, çarpıcı striking, remarkable. — söz slogan, çarpık 1. crooked, bent. 2. askew, awry. 3. twisted, distorted (idea/outlook). 4. perverted (sexual relationship). 5. (a system) which is basically unsound/flawed. 6. (s.o.) who has been paralyzed by a malevolent spirit. 7. (s.o.) who brings bad luck. — ayak colloq. person who brings bad luck. — çurpuk colloq. very crooked; contorted, çarpıklık 1. crookedness, being bent. 2. distortedness, distortion. 3. paralyzed look (on one’s face). 4. pervertedness, perversion. 5. basic unsoundness, the essentially flawed nature (of a system). 6. paralysis by a malevolent spirit, çarpılan math, multiplicand, çarpılmak 1. to become crooked; to get askew.
   2. to warp, become warped; to be bent. 3. to be paralyzed (by a malevolent spirit). 4. to be struck dumb with amazement, be dumbfounded. 5. /a/ to be taken by, be captivated by. 6. to get an offended look on one’s face. 7. /la7 math, to be multiplied (by). 8.
   (for a door, shutter, etc.) to be slammed, be banged.
çarpım math, product. — çizelgesi/tablosu multiplication table, çarpınç sensation, something which causes great excitement.
çarpmçlı sensational, (s.t.) which causes great excitement, çarpınma see çırpınma, çarpınmak see çırpınmak, çarpıntı 1. palpitation, throbbing (of the heart);
    tachycardia. 2. choppiness (of water), çarpışılmak impersonal passive 1. to collide; to clash; to hit/bang/bump against each other. 2. to fight, battle, contend.
                                                                                                  çarşaf
                                                           çarpışma 1. collision; clash; banging; bumping. 2. skirmish. 3. fighting, combat, battle.
   4. joining battle, entering into combat, engagement. — ya girişmek to enter into combat.
çarpışmak 1. to collide; to clash; to hit/bang/ bump against each other. 2. to fight, battle, contend. 3. to join battle, enter into combat.
   4. to skirmish, çarpışan arabalar dodgem cars, dodgems, bumper cars.
çarpıştırmak 1. Ill to hit/bang/strike (two things together); h9 la/ to knock/hit/bang/strike (one thing) against (another). 2. hi to make/allow (two military forces) to fight, skirmish, or join battle; /i, la/ to make/allow (one military force) to fight/skirmish/battle with (another), çarpıtmak 1. /ı, a/ to bend, lean (s.t.) to (one side); hi to crook, bend. 2. hi to set/make (s.t.) askew, put (s.t.) at an angle. 3. hi to distort, willfully to misinterpret, çarpma 1. /a/ hitting/striking/bumping (s.t.); /i, a/ hitting/striking/bumping (one thing) against (another); h9 a/ slamming (s.t.) down on (a surface). 2. math, multiplication. 3. a large fishhook which has five barbs. 4. mus. acciaccatura. 5. repoussage. 6. repousse. — kapı swinging door, swing door. — menteşe helical hinge. — sıva (wet) plaster used for undercoating walls, çarpmak 1. /a/ to hit/strike/bump; /i, a/ to hit/ strike/bump (one thing) against (another); /i, a/ to slam (s.t.) down on (a surface). 2. (for a door, shutter, etc.) to slam, bang; hi to slam, bang (a door, shutter, etc.). 3. (for one’s heart) to beat/palpitate/throb. 4. h, la/ math, to multiply (one number) by (another).
   5. hi (for s.t.) to make (s.o.) feel dizzy; to give (s.o.) a headache; to go to (s.o.’s) head.
   6. to sock/wallop/belt/thump someone (with one’s fist); to slap someone: Çarparım ha! I’ll really belt you one! 7. hi to steal, swipe, make off with (s.t.); to rob (s.o.). 8. /i, a/ to apply an undercoat of (plaster) to (a surface).
   9. hi (for a malevolent spirit) to paralyze (s.o.).
çarptırmak 1. /i, a/ to cause/allow (one thing) to hit/strike/bump (another). 2. hi to bang, slam. 3. hi to cause (s.o.’s heart) to palpitate, palpitate; to cause (s.o.’s heart) to throb. 4. /a, ı, la/ math, to have/let (s.o.) multiply (one number) by (another). 5. /a, i/ to make/let (s.o.) steal (s.t.), make/let (s.o.) swipe (s.t.). 6. /a, ı/ to have/let (s.o.) apply an undercoat of (plaster). 7. hi to paralyze, çarşaf 1. bed sheet, sheet. 2. an outer garment covering a woman from head to foot and designed to hide her body from the view of men. —a dolaşmak slang to bungle it, botch it, make a mess of it. — gibi colloq. calm (sea), —a girmek (for a girl) to begin to wear the çarşaf for the first time. — kadar colloq. oversize, very wide (handkerchief, scarf, sheet of paper, etc.).
çarşaflamak
çarşaflamak /i/ 1. to sew/button a sheet to (a quilt). 2. to sheet, furnish (a bed) with a sheet or sheets. 3. to clothe (a girl/a woman) in a çarşaf.
çarşaflanmak 1. (for a quilt) to be covered with a sheet. 2. (for a bed) to be sheeted.
   3. (for a girl/a woman) to be clothed in a çarşaf.
çarşaflı 1. sheeted, furnished with a sheet or sheets. 2. (girl/woman) clothed in a çarşaf, çarşaflık 1. (material) suitable for making a bed sheet or a çarşaf. 2. sheeting, çarşamba Wednesday. — karısı the Wednesday Witch (a malevolent spirit). — karısı gibi colloq. wild-haired and slatternly looking; frightful-looking. — pazarı colloq. place characterized by crowds and confusion, çarşı group of shops, bazaar (especially one where food is sold). — ağası/başı Ott. hist. official who oversaw the running of a bazaar. —ya çıkmak to go shopping (especially for food). — ekmeği store-bought bread, bread from a bakery. — esnafı/halkı storekeepers, tradespeople. — hamamı colloq. Turkish bath (open to the public). — iti ev beklemez, proverb (A dog from the bazaar won’t guard a house.) Don’t expect someone who’s used to gadding about all the time to settle down and hold a steady job. — pazar shopping district, shops. — pazar dolaşmak/gezmek to have a look around the stores; to have a look around the stores and markets, çarşılı 1. shopkeeper, tradesman. 2. (place) which has a bazaar, çarter charter, charter party, lease of a conveyance. — gemisi charter ship. — sözleşmesi charter party, lease of a conveyance.
   —     uçağı charter plane, çasar hist, emperor (of the Holy Roman Em-pire), çaşıt prov. spy.
çaşıtlamak prov. 1. /i/ to spy on. 2. to spy, engage in spying, çaşıtlık prov. being a spy; spying.
‘çat, -ti Snap!/Crack!/Bang!/Crash! (imitates a sudden, sharp noise). — çut with a lot of snapping and cracking. — diye 1. with a snap/a crack/a bang/a crash. 2. all of a sudden. — etmek to snap, make a snapping noise; to crack, make a cracking noise; to bang, make a banging noise. — kapı .... All of a sudden there was a knock at the door and .... — orada, çat burada, colloq. 1. He’s/She’s a gadabout. 2. He’s/She’s always moving house. — orada, çat burada, çat kapı arkasmda/ardmda. colloq. He’s/She’s a gadabout. — pat 1. (speaking a foreign language) a little, smatteringly. 2. now and then.
2çat, -ti prov. 1. intersection, crossroads, junction. 2. junction, confluence (of streams), çatadak (/..) with a sudden cracking sound.
                                                                                                    çatık
çatak 1. riverbed formed by two intersecting mountain slopes. 2. involved, intricate. 3. attached, twinned (fruit). 4. quarrelsome, çatal 1. fork (used for eating, serving, etc.). 2. fork, bifurcation. 3. prong; branch of a forked object. 4. pitchfork. 5. forked. 6. (word) which has a double meaning. 7. involved, difficult. 8. cracked (voice). — anahtar a key with two points/edges. — bel digging fork. — bıçak silver, silverware, Brit, cutlery. — çekiç claw hammer. — çutal
    1.    cracked (voice). 2. very complicated. — görmek to see double. — kazık a difficult business, a complicated affair the outcome of which is doubtful. — kazık yere batmaz/ geçmez/çakılmaz, proverb (A blunt stake won’t break the ground.) A job with several bosses won’t go well. — matal kaç çatal a children’s game. — sakal forked beard. — tırnak cloven hoof. — tırnaklı cloven -hoofed. — yeri fork, bifurcation, çatalağız (./..) geog. delta, çatallandırmak hi see çatallaştırmak, çatallanım forking, bifurcation, furcation, divarication, çatallanmak see çatallaşmak, çatallaşmak 1. to fork, bifurcate, furcate, divaricate. 2. to get complicated. 3. (for a voice) to become cracked, çatallaştırmak hi to cause (s.t.) to fork, make (s.t.) have a fork in it, fork, bifurcate, çatallı 1. forked, bifurcate, furcate, divaricate; bifid; (s.t.) which has a fork in it. 2. involved, complicated. 3. cracked (voice), çatana (./.) a small steam-powered boat about the size of a large launch/pinnace, çatapat, -ti a small toy explosive that goes off when scratched on a hard surface (It resembles the cap of a cap gun.), çatı 1. framework of a roof (not the roofing material covering it). 2. the empty space between the roof and the top story; attic.
   3.  skeleton (of an animal/a person). 4. arch (of a horse’s thighs). 5. gram, a Turkish verb made by using one or more infixes. 6. stack (of arms). — yı almak to build as far as the roof (in constructing a building). — arası garret, the space between the roof and the top story. — bahçesi roof garden, garden on the roof of a building. — eki gram, infix.
   —   feneri arch, lantern. — kancası mil. stacking swivel (of a rifle). — katı 1. penthouse. 2. attic, garret, loft. — kemiği anat., see çatıkemiği. — kirişi rafter. — makası principal rafter, principal. — merteği rafter.
   —   omurgası ridgepole. — örtüsü roofing, the material covering a roof. — penceresi
   1. dormer window, lucarne. 2. skylight. — tabanı wall plate.
çatık stacked (arms); (poles, etc.) that are propped together (like stacked rifles). — kaşlı 1. (s.o.) whose eyebrows touch each other. 2. beetle-browed, frowning. — su-
 çatıkemiği                                        176
   ratlı frowning, sullen-faced, scowling, çatıkemiği, -ni (./...) anat. pubic bone, çatıklaşmak (for s.o.’s eyebrows) to come together in a frown, beetle, çatılı 1. roofed. 2. stacked (arms); (poles, etc.) that are propped together (like stacked rifles). 3. (s.o.) who has a cloth tied around his/her forehead, çatılmak 1. (for arms) to be stacked, be piled;
   (for poles, etc.) to be propped together (like stacked rifles). 2. (for a framework of poles) to be put up. 3. to be erected in a makeshift manner. 4. /a/ (for a load) to be put on both sides of (a pack animal). 5. (for pieces of cloth) to be basted together, be tacked together. 6. (for a cloth worn around the forehead) to be tied on. 7. (for s.o.’s brows) to be knit. 8. prov. (for a horse/a camel) to splay out its legs and die of exhaustion, çatınmak to knit one’s brows, frown, çatır çatır (./ ..) 1. (breaking) with a crack/a snap; (burning) with a crackle/a snap; cracklingly; with a crunch. 2. by force. 3. easily, with great ease. — çatlamak 1. to crack/splinter into pieces. 2. colloq. to be eaten up with jealousy. — etmek to make a cracking/crackling/crunching sound. — konuşmak hi to speak (a language) fluently, be able to rattle away in (a language). — sökmek hi to pull out or rip out (s.t.) by force.
çatır çutur (./ ..) (breaking) with a crack/a crunch.
çatırdamak 1. to make a cracking sound; to crackle; to snap; to make a crunching sound.
   2.    (for teeth) to chatter. 3. to be on the verge of crumbling, collapsing, or falling apart, çatırtı crack, cracking sound; crackle, crackling sound; snap, snapping sound; crunch, crunching sound, çatışık contradictory, clashing, çatışılmak impersonal passive to clash, collide, çatışkı phil. antinomy; paradox, çatışkılı phil. antinomic, antinomical; paradoxical.
çatışma 1. clash, encounter, fight (either verbal or armed). 2. mil. skirmish. 3. psych., fiction conflict. 4. geog. merger, mergence (of two mountain chains). — çıkmak 1. for an armed fight/skirmish to take place. 2. for a verbal skirmish to take place. — ya girmek /la/ 1. (for one person) to enter into an armed fight with (another); (for one group) to begin to skirmish with (another). 2. (for one person) to enter into a verbal skirmish with, cross swords with (another), çatışmak 1. to join battle; to fight, clash; to skirmish. 2. to quarrel, clash, cross swords, lock horns. 3. /la/ (for one thing) to contradict, be the contradictory of, be in conflict with, conflict with, run counter to (another).
   4. /la/ (for one thing) to fall at the same
                                                                                                   çatma
   time as, conflict with (another). 5. (for the ends of objects) to touch each other. 6. (for glances) to meet. 7. (for camels/dogs) to copulate, mate.
çatıştırmak hi 1. to cause/allow (people) to fight/clash/skirmish. 2. to cause/allow (people) to quarrel, clash, cross swords, or lock horns. 3. to prop (poles, etc.) together (as one would stack rifles). 4. to mate (camels/dogs), get (camels/dogs) to mate, çatkı 1. (a) cloth tied around one’s forehead.
   2. stack (of arms); a group of things that are propped together (like stacked rifles).
   3. chassis (of a vehicle). 4. framework. 5. tailor, basting, tacking.
çatkılık ox yoke.
                                                           çatkın 1. knitted, frowning (brows). 2. sour, angry (face). 3. prov. (s.o.) who has ingratiated himself/herself with a rich/powerful person. 4. prov. toady, sycophant, çatkınlık 1. sour looks; discontent. 2. prov.
   being a toady; toadying, sycophancy, çatlak 1. split, slit; fissured. 2. crack, split; fissure; crevice. 3. med. infraction, incomplete fracture; greenstick fracture. 4. (a) chap, crack (in the skin). 5. chapped (skin). 6. (voice) which is uneven in tone, cracked. 7. colloq. mentally deficient, cracked, nuts, not all there. 8. obs., print, vertical succession of blanks. — zurna colloq. chatterbox with a grating voice, çatlaklık 1. crack, split. 2. cracked tone, crack (in s.o.’s voice). 3. colloq. stupidity; craziness.
çatlama 1. cracking, splitting. 2. bot. dehiscence. 3. breaking (of a wave). 4. checking (of wood).
çatlamak 1. to crack, split. 2. (for skin) to crack, chap. 3. /dan/ to be near death or die from (overeating, overdrinking, fatigue, or excessive crying). 4. /dan/ to be consumed by, be eaten up with (jealousy/curiosity/loneliness); to be ready to explode from, feel like screaming because of (boredom/anger); to be crushed by (grief). 5. (for a wave) to break, çatlasa da (çatlasa da patlasa da) colloq. no matter how hard he/she tries, no matter what he/she does: Çatlasa da patlasa da onun dediğini yapmayacağım. No matter how hard he pushes me, I won’t do what he says, çatlayan dalga breaker, çatlayası colloq. damned, darned, çatlatmak 1. hi to crack, split. 2. /i, dan/ to cause (s.o./an animal) to die or almost die from (overeating, overdrinking, fatigue, or excessive crying). 3. hi to cause (s.o.) to be consumed with jealousy. 4. prov. to go crazy, go mad, go nuts, çatma 1. Ill stacking, piling (arms); propping (poles, etc.) together (as one would stack rifles). 2. hi putting up (a framework of poles and timbers). 3. Ill erecting (s.t.) in a makeshift manner. 4. /a/ scolding, be-
çatmak
   rating. 5. /ı/ basting (pieces of cloth) together. 6. Ill tying on (a cloth worn around the forehead). 7. frame, framework. 8. geom. pyramid. 9. piece of cloth that is basted/ tacked to another piece of cloth. 10. prov. head scarf, kerchief. 11. a kind of cloth used to cover chairs. 12. prov. hut;.tent. 13. prov. saddletree, frame of a saddle. — kaş eyebrows that are joined. — rastık çekmek /a/ to apply kohl to (one’s eyebrows) so that they appear to be joined. — yapı frame construction.
çatmak 1. hi to stack, pile (arms); to prop (poles, etc.) together (as one would stack rifles). 2. hi to put up (a framework of poles/timbers). 3. hi to erect (s.t.) in a makeshift manner. 4. /i, a/ to put (a load) on both sides of (a pack animal). 5. hi to baste (pieces of cloth) together, tack (pieces of cloth) together. 6. hi to tie on (a cloth worn around the forehead). 7. hi to knit (one’s brows). 8. /a/ to meet with, come up against, run up against (s.o./s.t. unpleasant). 9. /a/ to encounter, chance upon (s.o.). 10. /a/ to scold, berate. 11. /a/ to hit, bump. 12. /a/ to ingratiate o.s. with, get in with, cozy up to.
   13.    (for a time) to come round, be upon one. Çattık! colloq. We’re in for it now! çatpat, -ti see çatapat.
çatra patra (./ ..) colloq. (speaking a foreign language) a little, smatteringly. çattırmak /a, ı/ 1. to have (soldiers) stack (arms); to have (s.o.) prop (poles, etc.) together (as one would stack rifles). 2. to have (s.o.) put up a framework (of poles/ timbers). 3. to have (s.o.) erect (s.t.) in a makeshift manner. 4. to have (s.o.) baste (pieces of cloth) together. 5. to have (s.o.) tie on (a cloth worn around the forehead).
   6.     to cause (one thing) to hit/bump (another). *çav 1. fame. 2. news.
çav prov. penis (of a horse, camel, or other large animal), çavalye (./.) creel (for fish), çavdar bot. rye, Secale cereale. çavdarmahmuzu, -nu (./...) bot. rye ergot, Claviceps purpurea. çavela (./.) see çavalye. çavlan big waterfall, falls, çavlanmak 1. (for noise) to carry. 2. to become a subject of gossip, çavlı young and untrained hunting falcon, çavmak prov. 1. (for s.t.) to miss its mark. 2. (for s.o.) to go astray. 3. /a/ to veer, go to (one side or another). 4. (for the sun) to rise.
   5.     to shine, give off light; /a/ (for the sun) to beat down on. 6. (for heat/light/a smell) to spread, radiate, çavşır 1. pharm. opopanax gum. 2. bot. opop-anax, Opopanax. çavun leather whip.
çavuş 1. mil. sergeant. 2. foreman (of a group of workers). 3. boy who has the highest
                                                                                çayırkurbağası
   grades in his class (at a military high school). 4. hist., mil. (an) orderly. — oku whistling arrow, arrow that whistles in flight.
çavuşkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. hoopoe, Upupa epops.
çavuşkuşugiller (./....) zool. Upupidae. çavuşluk 1. being a sergeant/a foreman/an orderly; the duties of a sergeant/a foreman/an orderly. 2. sergeantship. 3. foremanship. 4. hist., mil. the rank of orderly, çavuşüzümü, -nü (./...) bot. sweetwater, sweet -water, a large sweet white grape.
‘çay 1. bot. tea, tea plant, Camellia sinensis! Thea sinensis. 2. tea (dried tea leaves). 3. tea (as a drink). 4. tea party, tea. — bahçesi tea garden (where tea and other refreshments are served). — bardağı tea glass.
   —  demlemek to steep tea. — fincanı teacup.
   —  kaşığı teaspoon (a tiny spoon, usually smaller than an American coffee spoon). — ocağı kitchen where tea is made and sold by the glass. — takımı 1. tea set. 2. tea cloth and a set of napkins. — vermek 1. to serve tea. 2. to give a tea party, have a tea party.
2çay creek, tributary of a river. — bin olur çeşme bir, ahbap bin olur candan bir. proverb There are many brooks, but only one fountain; one has many friends, but only one intimate friend, —dan geçip derede boğulmak colloq. to deal successfully with great difficulties only to fail in carrying out an essentially easy task. — ı görmeden paçaları sıvamak colloq., see suyu görmeden paçaları sıvamak. — kenarında kuyu kazmak colloq. to do something the hard way. çaycı 1. tea vendor, someone who sells tea by the glass; proprietor of a teahouse. 2. tea grower. 3. tea merchant, someone who sells dry tea. 4. someone who loves to drink tea. çaycılık 1. making and selling tea by the glass.
   2. growing/raising tea. 3. marketing dry tea. çaydanlık teakettle; teapot, çayevi, -ni (/..) teahouse, çaygiller bot. Theaceae. çayhane (.—.) see çayevi, çayır 1. meadow; pasture. 2. hayfield. 3. prairie; savanna, savannah. 4. pasture, herbage eaten by grazing animals. — hokeyi field hockey.
   —  kebabı a meat and vegetable stew. — mücveri an omelet made of ground meat, onions, dill, and cheese. — soğuğu a spell of cold weather in May.
çayırbiçer (./..) mower, mowing machine, çayırdoğanı, -m (./...) zool. Montagu’s harrier, Circus pygargus. çayırgüzeli, -ni (./...) bot. love grass, tickle grass, Eragrostis major. çayırincirkuşu, -nu (./....) zool. meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis. çayırköpeği, -ni (./...) zool. prairie dog, prairie marmot, Cynomys ludovicianus. çayırkurbağası, -m (./....) zool. grass frog,
çayırkuşu
178
çekilmek
   Rana temporaria. çayırkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. skylark, Alauda arvensis.
                            çayırlamak 1. (for an animal) to graze, pasture. 2. /if to put (an animal) out to graze, graze, pasture. 3. (for an animal) to get bloated (from eating too much herbage), çayırlanmak (for an animal) to graze, pasture, çayırlaşmak to become meadowy, become meadow-like, çayırlatmak 111 to put (an animal) out to graze, graze, pasture, çayırlık 1. meadowland, pastureland, meadow.
   2. meadowy, çayırmantarı, -m (./...) bot. common mushroom, Agaricus campestris. çayırmelikesi, -ni (./.— ..) bot. goatsbeard, Spiraea aruncus. çayırotu, -nu (./..) 1. pasture, herbage eaten by grazing animals. 2. bot. timothy grass, Phleum pratense. çayırpeyniri, -ni (./...) a kind of soft cheese, çayırsedefi, -ni (./...) bot. meadow rue, Tha-lictrum.
çayırtavuğu, -nu (./...) zool. prairie chicken, prairie fowl, prairie grouse, Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus. çayırteresi, -ni (./...) bot. cuckooflower, lady’s-smock, Cardamine pratensis. çayırtirfili, -ni (./...) bot. red clover, Trifolium pratense.
çayıryulafı, -m (./...) bot. oat grass, wild oat. çaylak 1. zool. kite, Milvus. 2. colloq. raw, inexperienced. — fırtınası a storm marking the beginning of winter, çaylık 1. tea garden, tea plantation. 2. suitable for use with tea. çayüzümü, -nü (/...) bot. bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus. çeç prov. heap of winnowed grain, çeçe (/.) zool. tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans. Çeçen 1. Chechen, the Chechen people. 2. (a) Chechen. 3. Chechen, of or pertaining to the Chechen people or their language. — Kazağı (a) Cossack of the Don.
Çeçence (./.) 1. Chechen, the Chechen language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Chechen, Chechen. 3. Chechen (speech/writing); spoken in Chechen; written in Chechen, çedene prov. flaxseed, linseed, çedik a soft high-topped inner shoe made of yellow leather, çehre 1. face. 2. aspect, appearance. 3. sour face, —si bozulmak to look upset; to get a sour look on one’s face. — çatmak/eğmek/etmek to make a sour face. — fukarası/züğürdü ugly-faced.
                            Çek, -ki 1. (a) Czech, (a) Czechoslovak, (a) Czechoslovakian. 2. Czech, Czechoslovakian, of Czechoslovakia, çek, -ki bank check, check, Brit, cheque. — def-teri/karnesi checkbook. — koçanı check stub, counterfoil. — takas odası banking
   check clearing house. — valf/valfı check valve.
çekap, -pi (/.) med. checkup.
Çekçe (/.) 1. Czech, the Czech language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Czech, Czech. 3. Czech (speech/writing); spoken in Czech; written in Czech, çekçek small four-wheeled handcart, çeke comma, çekecek shoehorn, çekek naut. slip, careenage, çekel prov. 1. small hoe. 2. metal piece attached to an oxgoad and used for cleaning dirt off a plowshare, çekelemek /ı/ 1. to pull on (s.o./s.t.) repeatedly. 2. to pull and drag, çekelez prov. squirrel, çekem prov., bot. mistletoe, Viscum album. çekememek /ı/ 1. not to be able to pull. 2. not to be able to stand or put up with. 3. to be jealous of. çekememezlik envy, jealousy, çekemezlik see çekememezlik. çeken banking drawer.
çeker 1. capacity (of a scale). 2. tractor. 3. phot.
   objective, çekerlik 1. affinity. 2. resemblance, çeki a weight of 250 kilos (of firewood, coal, etc.). —ye gelmemek colloq. 1. to be very heavy; to be unbearable. 2. to be disorderly, be untidy. — taşı a stone weight of 180 okas (230 kilos). — taşı gibi colloq. 1. very heavy, ponderous. 2. very slow, lazy, çekici 1. (force, vehicle, instrument, etc.) which can pull/draw/haul/drag/tug something. 2. attractive, appealing. 3. wrecker, tow truck.
   —      araç wrecker, tow truck, çekicilik attractiveness.
çekiç 1. hammer. 2. anat. hammer, malleus. 3. sports hammer. — atma sports hammer throw.
                              çekiçbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. hammerhead shark, Sphyrna zygaena. çekiçhane (..—.) building/area designed to house a drop hammer or drop hammers, çekiçkemiği, -ni (./...) anat. hammer, malleus, çekiçlemek l\l to hammer, pound (s.t.) with a hammer.
çekidüzen (./..) tidiness, orderliness. — vermek /a/ to put (s.o./a place) in order, tidy up. çekik 1. slanting (eyes). 2. drawn out. 3. drawn in.
çekilgi seclusion, retirement, çekilgin recluse, hermit. — yaşama living in solitude, living in seclusion, çekiliş 1. being pulled/drawn/hauled/dragged/ tugged. 2. (a) draw (in a lottery). 3. withdrawal; receding, recession, çekilme 1. being pulled/drawn/hauled/dragged/ tugged. 2. withdrawal, drawing back. 3. geol. regression. 4. mil. withdrawal. 5. resignation (from a position or office), çekilmek 1. to be pulled. 2. to be drawn; to be
 çekilmez
   hauled/dragged/tugged. 3. /dan/ to withdraw, draw back, recede (from). 4. /dan/ to retreat (from). 5. /dan/ to resign (from), çekilmez unbearable, intolerable, çekim 1. (a) draw, (a single act of) drawing. 2. the quantity drawn at one time. 3. graceful appearance, well-proportioned shape. 4. phys., astr. attraction. 5. gram, inflection; declension; conjugation. 6. slang a sniff (of snuff). 7. cin. (a) take. — eki gram, inflectional suffix, inflection. — yasası phys. the law of gravitation, the law of gravity, çekimlemek /ı/ 1. gram, to inflect (words); to decline (nouns); to conjugate (verbs). 2. phys. to attract.
çekimli 1. attractive, alluring. 2. gram, inflexible; declinable; conjugable. — eylem gram, finite verb, çekimsemek /dan/ to refrain, abstain (from), çekimsenmek /dan/ see çekimsemek, çekimser 1. (s.o.) who refrains from making his/her opinion known; (s.o.) who either refuses or is reluctant to commit himself/herself. 2. (a glance) which refuses to meet one’s own, reluctant. — davranmak to refuse or to be reluctant to commit o.s. — kalmak to abstain. — oy abstention, abstaining vote.
çekimserlik abstention; reluctance/refusal to commit o.s.
çekimsiz 1. unattractive, unalluring. 2. gram.
   indeclinable; not conjugable. çekince 1. drawback, disadvantage. 2. danger, risk.
çekinceli dangerous, risky, çekingen shy, retiring, diffident; reluctant. — davranmak to be shy; to act reluctantly, show reluctance, çekingenlik shyness, retiringness, diffidence;
   reluctance, çekinik biol. recessive, çekinmeden (./..) without hesitating, çekinmek 1. /dan/ to be reluctant to do (s.t.) (because of respect/fear/dislike/a scruple); to feel shy/reluctant in front of (s.o.). 2. /i/ to put on (eye make-up), çekinti reluctance, çekirdecik biol. nucleolus, çekirdek 1. pip, seed, stone (of a fruit/a vegetable). 2. roasted pumpkin seed; roasted sunflower seed. 3. nucleus. 4. comp. core. 5. formerly grain (goldsmith’s weight). 6. nuclear.
   —      aile nuclear family. — bellek comp, core memory. — dizileme karyotyping. — fiziği nuclear physics. — içi kernel (of a seed). — kahve coffee beans. — özsuyu nuclear sap, karyolymph. — özü nuclein. — tıbbı nuclear medicine, —ten yetişme (s.o.) who started learning/doing (s.t.) when he/she was just a child: Çetin çekirdekten yetişme bir marangoz. Çetin’s been carpentering ever since he was a kid. — zarı nuclear membrane, çekirdeklenmek for the seeds/the stone of (a
                                                                                               çekmek
   fruit/a vegetable) to assume their/its mature form.
çekirdekli seeded, containing seeds, çekirdeksel nuclear.
çekirdeksiz seedless. — kuru üzüm 1. seedless raisin. 2. sultana, raisin made from a sultana grape. — üzüm bot. 1. seedless grape. 2. sultana, (a) small seedless yellow grape, çekirge (./.) zool. 1. grasshopper, locust, Acridium. 2. cricket, Gryllus domesticus. — suyu water put out to attract locust-eating birds.
çekirgekuşu, -nu (./...) zool. starling, Sturnus vulgaris. çekişme bickering; spat, tiff, çekişmek 1. to bicker; to have a spat/a tiff. 2. Ill to pull (s.o./s.t.) in opposite directions. 3. hi to draw (their knives) (in order to attack each other). 4. hi to draw (lots) among themselves. 5. (for a group) to try hard, struggle, çekişe çekişe pazarlık etmek colloq. to haggle, bargain hard. Çekişilmeyince pekişilmez. proverb You can’t reach a firm agreement without thrashing out all the details, çekişmeli 1. difficult, marked by struggle. 2.
    marked by bickering. 3. phil. argumentative, çekiştirici 1. (s.o.) who engages in backbiting.
    2.    tattletale, tattler, backbiter, çekiştirmek hi 1. to pull (s.t.) at both ends.
    2.    to keep tugging. 3. to criticize (s.o.) behind his/her back, backbite, çekit, -ti locomotive (of a train), çekkin /dan/ withdrawn from, removed from; devoid of.
çekme 1. pulling. 2. drawing; hauling, dragging, tugging. 3. drawer; till. 4. long-handled pruning hook. 5. attractively shaped, shapely (thing). 6. (clothing/footwear) made to be drawn on or pulled on. 7. any stringed musical instrument played by plucking. 8. prov. baggy work pants. 9. sports chin-up. — demir rolled iron. — saç rolled plate. — tel drawn wire, çekmece 1. drawer; till. 2. small ornamented chest. 3. inlet or protected cove (used by small ships), çekmeceli having a drawer or drawers; having a till or tills, çekmek 1. hi to pull. 2. hi to draw; to haul, drag, tug. 3. hi (for an animal) to pull, draw (a vehicle). 4. Ill to pull on (one’s boots/ trousers). 5. hi to tow. 6. hi to draw (a weapon). 7. hi to pull, extract (a tooth). 8. hi to attract, draw. 9. hi to absorb. 10. hi (for s.o.) to inhale, breathe in, inspire (air/ smoke); (for a machine/an opening) to suck in, pull in, draw in (air/smoke/a liquid).
    11. hi to support, bear, take, carry (a weight/a load): Bu sütun o ağırlığı çekmez. This pillar won’t carry that weight.
    12. hi to bear (an expense). 13. hi to bear, endure, put up with, suffer (an illness, pain, sorrow, trouble, a troublesome person). 14.
çekmekat                                           180
   Iı, dan, a/ to take (a harvest) from (the fields) to (a granary/a storehouse). 15. h, dan/ to withdraw (a product) from (a market). 16. /i, dan/ to withdraw (money) from (a bank). 17. h, dan/ to get (s.o.) to give up (a bad habit). 18. h, dan/ to clear (goods) through (customs). 19. h, dan/ to draw (water) from (a well). 20. hi to distill. 21.
   (for a chimney) to draw. 22. Ill to draw (a line). 23. /i, a/ to apply (kohl) to. 24. /i/ to build (a fence/a wall/a barrier); to string up (a curtain). 25. hi to hoist (a flag). 26. h! to lay (a cable); to stretch, string up (a wire/a rope). 27. to weigh, have a weight of; III to weigh, measure the weight of.
   28. hi to draw (lots/chances) (in a lottery).
   29. /a, i/ to send (s.o.) (an official notice/a telegram/a fax). 30. /i, a/ to interrupt (s.o.’s words) in (a specified way). 31. hi to take (a photograph); cin. to shoot (a movie). 32. /i, da/ to sew (s.t.) on (a sewing machine). 33. hi to grind (coffee, etc.).
   34. h, a/ to put (one animal) together with (another) so that they will mate. 35. /a/ (for one person) to resemble, take after (another). 36. (for cloth) to shrink. 37. /a, i/ to give (s.t.) (a coat of paint). 38. /a, i/ to give (s.o.) (a beating). 39. hi gram, to conjugate (a verb); to decline (a noun). 40.
   (for a month) to be (a specified number of days) long; /dan/ (for one place) to be (a specified amount of time) away from (another). 41. hi to deliver, make (a speech).
   42. hi to give (a banquet). 43. hi to repair a run in (a woman’s silk/nylon stocking).
   44. slang to drink, down (an alcoholic beverage). 45. /a/ slang (for one player/team) to score (points/goals) against (another player/team). 46. Ill slang to fill (a specified number of glasses) with (tea, beer, etc.) (used by waiters and barmen): Iki çay çek! Give me two teas! 47. /a/ slang to hit, sock (s.o.): Suratına öyle bir çekerim ki!
   I’ll give you a wallop you won’t forget!
   Çek! (Çek arabanı!) colloq. Clear out!/Get out! çekip çekiştirmek 111 to backbite (s.o.). çekip çevirmek 111 1. to run, manage (a place). 2. to get things running smoothly in (a place). 3. to manage (people). 4. to straighten (s.o.) out; to set (s.o.’s house) in order, çekip gitmek to leave, clear out; to slip away. Çekiver kuyruğunu! slang Forget about him/her/them (as he/she/they will be of no use to you)! çekeceği olmak /dan/ (for s.o ./s.t.) to be a real pain for, make life unpleasant for {used only to refer to the future): Ondan çekeceğimiz var! He’s going to be a real pain!
çekmekat, -ti (./.) penthouse.
çekmen biol. sucker.
Çekoslovak 1. (a) Czechoslovak, (a) Czechoslovakian. 2. Czechoslovak, Czechoslovakian, of Czechoslovakia.
                                                                                                   çelişkili
Çekoslovakya (.../.) 1. Czechoslovakia. 2. Czechoslovak, Czechoslovakian, of Czechoslovakia.
                                                            Çekoslovakyalı (.../..) 1. (a) Czechoslovak, (a) Czechoslovakian. 2. Czechoslovak, Czechoslovakian (person), çektiri hist, galley (used for war/trading), çektirme 1. /ı, a/ having (s.o.) pull (s.t.). 2. /i, a/ having (s.o./s.t.) draw/haul/drag/tug (s.t.).
    3.    hist, galleass, galliass. çektirmek 1. h, a/ to have (s.o.) pull (s.t.). 2. h, a/ to have (s.o./s.t.) draw/haul/drag/tug (s.t.). 3. /a/ to make (s.o.) suffer, cause (s.o.) to suffer, çekül plumb line, çekyat, -ti sofa bed.
çelebi 1. well-bred, educated. 2. gentleman. 3. hist, prince. 4. formerly title of respect for a man (used after a name). 5. hist, title of the leader of a dervish order. 6. prov. husband’s brother, çelebilik 1. politeness; gentility. 2. hist, the rank of çelebi, çelenç sports 1. challenge cup, challenge trophy. 2. match played to win a challenge cup.
                                                             çelenk, -gi 1. wreath; garland. 2. formerly aigrette; plume (used as a head ornament).
   —   koymak I 2d to place a wreath on, wreathe, en wreathe.
çelermek prov. (for cattle) to die of bloat, çelgi prov. head scarf, kerchief.
‘çelik 1. steel. 2. steel, made of steel. — başlık helmet. — gibi 1. steellike. 2. colloq. lean but strong, wiry (person). — levha steel plate. — macunu filler (used to fill in holes/ indentations in a surface which is to be painted). — metre steel tape measure. — e su vermek to quench steel.
                                                             2çelik 1. short piece of tapered wood. 2. tipcat (the peg used in the game of tipcat).
    3.    hort. cutting, slip. 4. naut. belaying pin, marlinespike; carling; pin, fid. çelikçomak tipcat, çelikhane (..— .) steel mill, çelikleme propagation of plants by cuttings, çeliklemek to propagate plants by cuttings, çelikleşmek 1. to become steel. 2. to become as strong as steel, become steellike, çelikpamuğu, -nu (./...) steel wool, çelim 1. bodily frame; body. 2. swagger, show, affected manner. 3. strength, force, çelimli 1. big and strapping. 2. powerful. 3. in good condition, çelimsiz puny, weak; scrawny, çelimsizlik puniness; scrawniness, çelişik contradictory. — duygululuk psych.
    ambivalence, çelişiklik contradiction, being contradictory. — ilkesi log. principle of contradiction, çelişken contradictory, incompatible, çelişki (a) contradiction, çelişkili contradictory, incompatible.
çelişkin
çelişkin see çelişkili.
çelişme contradiction, being contradictory. — ilkesi log. principle of contradiction, çelişmek /la/ to be in contradiction (with); to be mutually contradictory, çelişmeli contradictory.
                                                             çelişmezlik noncontradiction. — ilkesi log. principle of noncontradiction. çello mus. cello, violoncello, çelme tripping (s.o.) (with one’s foot). — at-mak/takmak /a/ 1. to trip (s.o.) (with one’s foot). 2. to sabotage, undercut (s.o./a project), çelmek 111 1. to trip (s.o.) (with one’s foot). 2. to cut (cloth) on the bias. 3. to wrap (a cloth) over one’s head and tie its ends together. 4. to divert, change (s.o.’s) course.
   5.    to wipe out, negate, void. 6. to change (s.o.’s mind). 7. to uncover (a deficiency/a shortage). 8. to be in contradiction with, çelmelemek hi to trip (s.o.) (with one’s foot), çelmelenmek to be tripped, be tripped up. çelmik prov. coarse straw, çeltik rice (in the husk/in the field). — fabrikası rice mill. — tarlası rice field, rice paddy, çeltikçi rice grower.
çeltikçilik being a rice grower; rice growing, çeltikkargası, -ni (./...) zool. black stork, Ciconia nigra. çeltiklik 1. rice field, rice paddy. 2. (place) suitable for growing rice, çembalo (./.) mus. harpsichord, çember 1. circle. 2. hoop, band, strap (of a barrel, crate, trunk, etc.). 3. hoop (a child’s toy). 4. rim (of a wheel). 5. basketball basket, hoop. 6. mil. encirclement. 7. large, printed kerchief. 8. circular, round. — çevirmek to roll a hoop. — geçirmek /a/ to hoop/band/strap (a barrel, crate, trunk, etc.).
   —      içine almak h! mil. to encircle. — kayık a boat with a round stern. — sakal beard which encircles the face from temple to tem-' pie (Its wearer keeps his cheeks and the upper part of his chin closely shaven.). — uzunluğu math, circumference. — yemeni large, printed kerchief, çemberçizer (./..) compass (for drawing circles).
çemberlemek h! 1. to hoop/band/strap (a barrel, crate, trunk, etc.). 2. mil. to encircle, surround. 3. to make (s.t.) circular/round, çemberlenmek 1. to be hooped, be banded, be strapped. 2. mil. to be encircled, be surrounded. 3. to be made circular/round, çemberli hooped; banded; strapped; encircled with a hoop/a band/a strap, çembersi circular, round, çemçe prov. wooden ladle, çemen 1. bot. cumin, Cuminum cyminum. 2. cumin paste (a condiment prepared from ground cumin seeds, red pepper, and garlic and used to coat the outside of pastırma), çemenlemek hi to smear (pastırma) with
                                                                                                çengel
    cumin paste, çemiç prov. 1. dried mulberry. 2. raisin, çemiş colloq. 1. ill-bred person; unrefined person, uncultured person. 2. ill-bred; unrefined, uncultured.
çemkirmek 1. /a/ to talk back to, sass. 2. to bark.
çemrelemek hi prov., see çemremek. çemremek 111 prov. to roll up (one’s sleeves, trouser legs, or skirts), çemrenmek prov. 1. to roll up one’s sleeves, trouser legs, or skirts. 2. (for one’s sleeves, trouser legs, or skirts) to be rolled up. 3. /a/ to get ready to do (s.t.). çenber colloq., see çember, çene 1. jaw bone. 2. chin. 3. jaw (of a vise/a clamp). 4. colloq. talkativeness, garrulity, —si açılmak colloq. to start talking nonstop.
   —  altı the underside of the chin. — altı tükürük bezi anat. mandibular gland, —si atmak for the jaw of a dying person to tremble. —sini bağlamak fml to tie up the jaw of (a dead person), —sini bıçak açmamak colloq. not to utter a peep, not to say a word (owing to sadness/worry). — çalmak colloq. to gab, have a chin-wag, chin-wag. — çukuru dimple (in the chin), —sini dağıtmak /m/ colloq. to give (s.o.) a good wallop on the chin, —si düşük colloq. talkative, chatty, gabby. — kavafı colloq. 1. gabber, gabby person, chatterer. 2. gabby, chatty, very talkative. — kemiği anat., see çenekemiği. —si küitlenmek for one’s jaw to lock, —ye kuvvet colloq. by dint of talking, —si kuvvetli colloq. (s.o.) who can talk unceasingly.
   —n pırtı! slang Shut up!/Hold your tongue!
   —  sakızı colloq. a word/a saying which one frequently repeats. — satmak colloq. to chatter on and on. —sini tutmak to hold one’s tongue. —n tutulsun! colloq. Damn your tongue! — yarışı colloq. chin-wag, gabfest.
   —  yarıştırmak colloq. to have a chin-wag.
    —     yormak colloq. to waste one’s breath, çenebaz gabby, chatty.
çenebazlık chin-wagging, tongue-wagging; chattiness.
çenek 1. bot. cotyledon. 2. zool. mandible, çenekemiği, -ni (./...) anat. jawbone, mandible, çeneli 1. (animal) which has a chin. 2. colloq. gabby, chatty, çenet bot., zool. valve, çeng see çenk.
çengel 1. hook. 2. wrestling hooking one’s foot around the leg of one’s opponent. 3. anat., zool. uncus. — atışı basketball hook shot.
   —  burun colloq. hooknose. — e dönmek colloq. to become very stooped and thin.
   —de kokmuş etim yok. colloq. (I have no spoiled meat on the hook.) My daughter’s still young and I’m in no hurry to marry her off. — pas basketball hook pass. — şut basketball hook shot. — takmak /a/ colloq. to pester. — e vurmak h! hist, to impale (s.o.)
çengelbezek
182
çeşitkenar
    on a hook (as a punishment for a crime).
    —     vuruş boxing hook, çengelbezek (./..) arch, crocket, çengelcik anat., zool. hamulus, çengellemek (if 1. to hook, fasten (s.t.) with a
    hook. 2. to hang (s.t.) on a hook. 3. to fasten (s.t.) with a safety pin. çengellenmek 1. to be hooked, be fastened with a hook. 2. to be hung on a hook. 3. to be fastened with a safety pin. çengelli hooked, having a hook, çengelliiğne (../..) safety pin. çengelsakızı, -ni (./...) chewing gum made from the juice of a cardoon. çengi dancing girl. — kolu see çengi takımı.
   —   ölüsü çalgı/daire/tef ile kalkar, proverb (A dancing girl is buried to dance music.) People who are fond of their pleasures turn to them even in the worst of times. — takımı a troop of dancing girls.
çenilemek prov. to howl in pain, çenk, -gi a primitive harp. — gü çegâne musical entertainment; party which features live musical entertainment, çentik 1. notch; nick; incisure. 2. notched;
    nicked; incised, çentiklemek fif to notch; to nick; to incise, çentiklenmek to be notched; to be nicked; to be incised, çentikli notched; nicked; incised, çentilmek to be notched; to be nicked; to be incised.
çentmek fil 1. to notch; to nick; to incise. 2. to chop up (onions, cucumbers, etc.). çepçevre (/..) see çepeçevre, çepeçevre (./..) (s.t.) which extends all around; (things) which extend all around: Köyün etrafı çepeçevre bağ. The village is surrounded by vineyards, çepel prov. 1. mud; muck; mire; dirt, grime; filth. 2. muddy place. 3. chaff, stones, etc. (found in rice, wheat, or dried fruit). 4. nasty weather, stormy weather. 5. (rice, wheat, dried fruit) which contains chaff, stones, etc. 6. muddy; mucky; dirty, grimy; filthy.
    —     hava nasty weather, stormy weather, çepellemek /ı/ prov. 1. to muddy; to soil, dirty;
   to make (s.o./s.t.) filthy. 2. to adulterate. 3. to spoil.
çepellenmek prov. 1. to get muddy; to get soiled, get dirty; to get filthy. 2. to be adulterated. 3. to be spoiled, çepelli 1. muddy; mucky; dirty, grimy; filthy. 2. (rice, wheat, dried fruit) which contains chaff, stones, or other unwanted material, çepellik prov. muddy place, çepellilik prov. 1. muddiness; muckiness; dirtiness, griminess; filthiness. 2. unsorted state (of rice, wheat, dried fruit), çeper 1. prov. fence (made of brushwood, bamboo, etc.). 2. prov. vegetable garden. 3. biol. membrane. 4. prov. immoral (person). 5. prov. ill-tempered (person).
çepiç prov. a yearling kid. çepin prov. gardener’s hoe, small hoe. çerçeve 1. frame. 2. frame/sash (of a window/a door). 3. limit, limitation. 4. shaft (of a loom). 5. sports parallel bars. — anlaşması skeleton agreement. — kâğıdı oilpaper (used in windows instead of glass), çerçeveci 1. maker/seller of frames. 2. picture -framer, framer, person who frames pictures, çerçevelemek hI to frame; to sash, çerçevelenmek to be framed; to be sashed, çerçeveli framed; sashed, çerçevesiz unframed, frameless; sashless. çerçi peddler of sundries. — başmdakini satar. proverb A traveling peddler sells anything he has. — kızı boncuğa âşıktır, proverb (A peddler’s daughter loves beads.) A person’s children share his interests, çerçilik being a peddler of sundries, çerçöp, -pü 1. wood chips; wood shavings; splinters; small bits and pieces of wood.
   2.     small bits of trash (e.g. crumbs, bits of paper, threads), çerden çöpten (./ ..) colloq. flimsily built, çerez 1. hors d’oeuvres, appetizers. 2. dried fruit; nuts.
çerezci seller of appetizers, dried fruit, or nuts, çerezcilik being a seller of appetizers, dried fruit, or nuts; selling appetizers, dried fruit, or nuts.
çerezlenmek 1. to eat appetizers. 2. /dan/ to get a little profit out of (s.t.), benefit a bit from (s.t.).
çerezlik 1. appetizers. 2. small dish for appetizers. 3. suitable for eating as an appetizer, çerge 1. small makeshift tent; Gypsy tent. 2. a group of Gypsies, çergeci hist, person who set up the sultan’s marquee, çergi see çerge.
çergici seller who plies his wares at various open-air markets, çeri hist, army, troops.
çeribaşı, -ni (./..) 1. Gypsy chief. 2. hist, commander of troops.
Çerkez 1. (a) Circassian. 2. Circassian, of Circassia. — tavuğu chicken prepared with bread, pounded walnuts, and red pepper sauce.
Çerkezce (./.) 1. Circassian, the Circassian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Circassian, Circassian. 3. Circassian (speech/ writing); spoken in Circassian; written in Circassian, çermik prov. hot spring, thermal spring, çerviş prov. melted grease (obtained when cooking meat), çeşit 1. kind, sort, variety. 2. assortment. 3. biol. variety. — çeşit assorted, varied, all kinds of. çeşitgenlik pleomorphism. çeşitkenar geom. (figure) the sides of which are unequal. — üçgen scalene triangle.
çeşitleme
çeşitleme 1. an increase in varieties. 2. mus. variation.
                                                              çeşitlemek hi to increase the variety of, vary, çeşitlendirilmek to be diversified, çeşitlendirilmiş portföy fin. diversified portfolio, çeşitlendirmek hi to diversify, çeşitlenmek to increase in variety, become varied.
çeşitli different, assorted, of different kinds, various, varied, çeşitlilik variety, diversity, çeşm poet. eye.
çeşme fountain (for water). — başı the area around a fountain. — burması fountain tap. —ye gitse çeşme kuruyacak, colloq. (If he/ she went to the fountain it would run dry.) He/She is a very unlucky person, çeşmibülbül (/...) glassware decorated with spiral stripes or flower designs, çeşni 1. flavor, taste. 2. small portion eaten to judge the flavor of a thing. 3. sample, specimen. —sine bakmak /m/*to taste, test the flavor (of). — tutmak to designate the relative proportions of fleur and water for making bread, çeşnici 1. (professional) taster (of wine, tobacco, etc.). 2. assayer (in a mint). 3. hist, taster (at the sultan’s court), çeşnicibaşı, -m (../..) 1. chief assayer (in a mint). 2: colloq. man who frequently changes wives. 3. hist, chief taster (at the sultan’s court), çeşnilenmek to become tasty, çeşnili tasty; flavorful, flavorsome. çeşnilik anything added to a food to give it flavor.
çete 1. armed band (of irregulars/partisans/ guerrillas/bandits/brigands). 2. gang (usually one engaged in illegal activities), —ler arası savaş gang war. — savaşı guerrilla war.
çeteci 1. (an) irregular; (a) partisan; guerrilla, guerrillero; bandit, brigand. 2. member of a gang; gangster, çetecilik 1. being an irregular/a partisan/a guerrilla/a bandit/a brigand. 2. partisan warfare; guerrilla warfare. 3. banditry, brigandage. 4. being a member of a gang.
   5.     the activities of a gang, çetele (./.) tally, tally stick. — çekmek to keep a tally, —ye dönmek to be very nicked, be scarred by many indentations. — tutmak see çetele çekmek, çeten prov. 1. a hayrack made of woven branches mounted on a wagon/a cart. 2. fold for lambs, çetin 1. hard, difficult. 2. perverse, intractable.
   —      ceviz colloq. 1. hard nut to crack, tough nut to crack. 2. intractable person, çetinleşmek 1. to get hard, become difficult.
   2.     to become intractable, çetinleştirmek hi 1. to make (a situation) difficult. 2. to make (a person) stubborn and
183                                               çevre
         intractable, çetinlik 1. difficulty. 2. intractability, çetrefil 1. complicated (situation). 2. abstruse, difficult to understand. 3. incorrect, ungrammatical (language), çetrefilleşmek to become complicated/abstruse/ ungrammatical, çetrefillik 1. complicacy. 2. abstruseness. 3. ungrammaticalness .
      Çev. 1. (abbr. for Çeviri) Tr., Transl. (Translation). 2. (abbr. for Çeviren, Çevirmen) Tr., Trans. (Translator), çevgen 1. polo stick. 2. polo. 3. walking stick.
         —  topu polo ball.
      çevik nimble, agile. — birlik mil. mobile unit.
         —      güç mil. mobile striking force, çevikleşmek to become nimble, çeviklik nimbleness, agility.
      çevirge 1. surrounding; besieging, siege. 2.
         math, contour, çevirgeç 1. switch; commutator, reversing switch; breaker; circuit breaker. 2. turnstile, tourniquet, çevirgi door handle (with its latch), çeviri translation.
      çeviribilim (../..) the science of translation, çevirici 1. translator. 2. commutator, reversing switch.
     çeviricilik translating, translation, the work of a translator.
      çevirim 1. filming. 2. development of a film.
         —  senaryosu shooting script.
     çevirme 1. rotation, turning; changing. 2. translating; translation. 3.fin. switching. 4. translated. 5. meat roasted on a spit. — hareketi mil. encircling movement, outflanking maneuver. — kolu mech. crank, çevirmek 1. hi to turn. 2. hi to turn, rotate; to make (s.t.) spin. 3. hi to manage. 4. hi to stop (s.o. who is going somewhere). 5. hi to send (s.t.) back. 6. hi to turn (a garment) inside out. 7. hi to interpret (s.t.) (in a specified way). 8. hi to translate. 9. /i, la/ to enclose (a place) with. 10. /i, a/ to turn/ make/transform (one thing) into (another).
         11.    /i, al fin. to convert (s.t.) into. 12. hi to pull (a trick/a ruse). 13. /i, a/ to turn (a situation) into (s.t. bad). 14. /a/ (for one kind of meteorological condition) to turn into, become (another): Yağmur kara çevirdi. The rain’s turned to snow. Çevir kazı yanmasın, colloq. (Turn the goose on the spit so that it won’t burn.) Why are you changing the subject? (said sarcastically). çevirmen translator.
      çevirmenlik translating, translation, the work of a translator; being a translator, çevirti intentional misinterpretation, çevirtmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) turn/rotate/spin (s.t.). 2. to have (s.o.) translate (s.t.). 3. to have (s.o.) send (s.t.) back. 4. to have (s.o.) stop (s.o./a vehicle), çevre 1. surroundings, environs; vicinity, neigh-
çevrebilim
184
çığırtma
      borhood: Çorum çevresinde in the vicinity of Çorum. 2. perimeter, encompassing limits, periphery, circumference. 3. natural environment, environment; habitat. 4. (a person’s) circle of friends and acquaintances. 5. circle, group of people who share a common interest/pursuit. 6. embroidered handkerchief.
   —   açı/açısı geom. inscribed angle. — analizi environmental analysis. Ç— Bakanı the Minister for the Environment. Ç— Bakanlığı the Ministry of the Environment. — değerlendirmesi environmental assessment. — dostu environment-friendly. — kirliliği/kirlenmesi environmental pollution, pollution of the environment. — korunması environmental protection, protection of the environment.
   —   mühendisi environmental engineer. — mühendisliği environmental engineering.
   —   yolu bypass, beltway, belt highway, Brit. ring road. — yönetimi environmental management.
çevrebilim (..'..) (the science of) ecology, çevrebilimci (./...) ecologist, çevrebilimsel (./...) ecological, ecologic. çevreci 1. (an) environmentalist. 2. (s.o.) who is an environmentalist. 3. environmentalist, pertaining to environmentalism, çevrecilik 1. environmentalism. 2. being an environmentalist, çevredalız (./..) arch, ambulatory; apse aisle, çevrel peripheral. — dehliz arch, ambulatory; apse aisle.
çevrelemek /ı/ to surround, encircle, enclose;
    to circumscribe, çevrelenmek to be surrounded, be encircled, çevren horizon.
çevresel environmental. — etki environmental impact.
çevreteker (./..) bot. pericycle. çevri 1. whirlwind; whirlpool. 2. willful misinterpretation; forced interpretation, çevrik 1. turned; turned around. 2. surrounded; enclosed. 3. whirlwind; whirlpool; waterspout.
çevrilebilir fin. convertible.
çevrilebilirlik fin. convertibility.
çevrilemek l\! to explain away.
çevrili 1. /la/ surrounded by, bordered by. 2.
    /a/ turned towards, facing, çevrilmek 1. to be turned, be rotated; /a/ to be turned towards. 2. /a/ to be translated (into).
    3.    /la/ to be surrounded by. 4. /dan, a/ (for s.t.) to be converted from (one thing) to (another). 5. to be turned back, not to be allowed to proceed/enter, çevrim 1. cycle. 2. elec. circuit, çevrimdışı (./..) comp, off-line, çevrimiçi (./..) comp, on-line, çevrimli prov. skillful, çevrimsel cyclic, periodic, çevrinmek to circumambulate a sacred spot (ceremonially), çevrinti 1. circular motion, rotation, whirl, eddy.
   2.  whirlwind; whirlpool. 3. mixture of various grains.
çevriş prov., see çerviş, çevriyazı (./..) transcription, transliteration, çeyiz trousseau. — alayı procession carrying a bride’s trousseau in state to her husband’s house. — çemen the complete trousseau. — düzmek to put together a trousseau, çeyizlemek /ı/ to furnish (a woman) with a trousseau.
                              çeyizlenmek to be equipped with a trousseau, çeyizli (woman) who has a trousseau, çeyizlik (items) set aside for a trousseau; suitable for a trousseau, çeyrek 1. (a) quarter of an hour, quarter hour: bire çeyrek kala at a quarter to one. her çeyrekte every quarter hour. 2. (a) quarter (of): karpuzun bir çeyreği a quarter of the watermelon, bir çeyrek asır a quarter of a century. 3. slang mark (the monetary unit of Germany). — final sports (a) quarterfinal, quarterfinal match. — ses mus. quarter tone, quarter stop, enharmonic diesis. — son sports (a) quarterfinal, quarterfinal match, çeyreklemek /i/ to exercise the limbs of (a baby) by crossing first its arms and then its legs (or vice versa) several times, çıban boil, furuncle, button. — ağırşağı the sore and swollen part of a boil. — başı
   1.  head of a boil. 2. source of trouble, Pandora’s box. —in başını koparmak to open Pandora’s box. — çıkarmak to develop boils. — dökmek to get covered with boils. — işlemek for a boil to suppurate, ooze pus.
çıbanlaşma furunculosis, development of furuncles, çıdam patience.
çıdamak /a/ to be patient (with), çığ 1. avalanche. 2. prov. screen, partition (in a tent). — düşmek for an avalanche to fall.
   —   gibi büyümek (for an event) to snowball, mushroom.
‘çığa zool. sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus.
2çığa prov. long tail feather, çığalanmak prov. (for the tail of a horse) to become erect like a rooster’s tail, çığıltı noise created by commingled animal sounds.
çığır 1. rut, track; path. 2. way. 3. trend, movement. 4. style (of an outstanding calligrapher). — açmak colloq. to blaze a trail, —mdan çıkmak colloq. (for things) to go too far; (for a project) to take a crazy course; (for s.o.) to go off on a tangent, çığırmak /ı/ prov. 1. to call. 2. to sing (a song).
   3.  to invite.
çığırtı shouting, yelling, çığırtkan 1. person who tries to attract customers by shouting the merits of something to passersby, crier, barker. 2. decoy bird, d^coy.
çığırtma mus. a small fife.
çığırtmacı
çığırtmacı fife player.
çığırtmak /ı, a/ prov. to have (one person) call (another).
çığlık scream; shriek; screech. — atmak (—1 basmak) to scream; to shriek; to screech.
   —   çığlığa screaming; shrieking; screeching: Çığlık çığlığa koşarak uzaklaştı. She ran away screaming. — koparmak see çığlık atmak.
çiğlikçi professional mourner, lamenter, keener.
çığrışmak prov. (for several people) to shout/ yell.
çıkacak 1. towel (put on when one is ready to leave the bathing room of a Turkish bath). 2. /a/ (s.o.) who can rival (another): Afife’ye çıkacak kimse yok. There’s no one who can rival Afife.
çıkagelmek (./..) suddenly to appear, suddenly to come on the scene.
çıkak 1. prov. outlet, exit. 2. ling, point of articulation.
çıkar benefit/advantage to o.s.; self-interest.
   —ma bakmak to think of what will benefit
   o.s., look after number one. — sağlamak /dan/ to get (s.t.) out of (a situation) for o.s.
   —   yol course of action that will produce good results, good course to follow, solution, remedy.
çıkarcı 1. self-seeker. 2. self-seeking, self -interested.
çıkarcıl self-seeking, self-interested.
çıkarcılık self-seeking, self-interestedness.
çıkarılmak 1. /dan/ to be removed (from); to be extricated (from); to be extracted (from); to be pulled out (of); to be brought out (from); (for a student) to be expelled (from); (for a worker) to be fired; (for a tenant) to be evicted. 2. (for a piece of clothing) to be taken off, be removed; (for a hat) to be doffed. 3. /a/ to be made to climb up on (s.t.); to be made to go up to (a higher place); to be put in/on (a higher place). 4. /a/ (for one person) to be brought before/to (another), be presented to (another). 5. (for a stain) to be removed, be taken out. 6. /dan/ (for s.t.) to be extended from, be stuck out of (a place). 7. to be published. 8. (for securities, debentures, banknotes, bills of exchange, etc.) to be issued. 9. /a/ to be taken put to/into (a place outdoors). 10. /dan/ (for one person’s anger, frustration, negative emotion) to be vented on, be taken out on (another). 11. (for s.o.) to be shown to be, be revealed to be (a bad type of person); for people to be left with the impression that (s.o.) is (a bad type of person): Yalancı çıkarıldı. People were made to think him a liar. 12. (for s.o.’s wrongdoing/mistake) to be exposed, be revealed. 13. /dan/ math, (for one amount) to be subtracted from (another). 14. /dan/ to be unloaded (from). 15. (for s.t. new) to be created. 16. /dan/ (for s.t.) to be pro-
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   duced in (a place). 17. /dan/ (for s.o.’s living) to be made from, be earned from (a specified job). 18. /a/ (for a food/a drink) to be offered to (a guest). 19. (for s.t.) to be vomited up, be thrown up, be spewed up. 20. /a/ mil. (for a force) to be landed on (a shore). 21. (for a law) to be made.
   22.    (for a row/a quarrel) to be started; (for a difficulty) to be created, çıkarılmış sermaye fin. issued capital, çıkarım log. inference, illation, çıkarımsal log. inferential, illative, çıkarlanmak /dan/ to profit from, çıkarma 1. removal, removing; extrication; extraction. 2. math, subtraction. 3. mil. landing (of troops on a beach). — aracı mil. landing craft. — gemisi mil. landing ship. — harekâtı mil. landing operation.
   —     kuvveti mil. landing force, çıkarmak 1. /1, dan/ to remove (s.o./s.t.) (from); to take/get (s.o./s.t.) out (of), extricate (s.o./s.t.) (from); to extract/pull (s.t.) from; to bring (s.o./s.t.) out (from) (a place); to expel (a student) (from) (a school); to fire (a worker); to evict (a tenant). 2. /1/ to take off, remove (an article of clothing); to doff (one’s hat). 3. /1, a/ to make (s.o./an animal) climb up on (s.t.), make (s.o./an animal) get up on (s.t.); to make (s.o./an animal) go up to (a place); to put (s.o./s.t.) in/on (a higher place). 4. /1, a/ to bring (one person) before (another), bring (one person) to (another), present (one person) to (another). 5. Ill to remove, take out, get rid of (a stain). 6. /1, la/ to make it through, get through (a period of time) with (a specified amount of s.t.). 7. h! to understand, make (s.t.) out; to deduce; /1, dan/ to interpret (s.t.) in (a specified way): Söylediklerimden bunu nasıl çıkardın? How could you take what I said to mean this? 8. h, dan/ to extend (s.t.) from, stick (s.t.) out: Başım kapıdan çıkardı. He stuck his head out the door.
   9.  hi to publish (a book, newspaper, etc.).
   10. hi to issue (securities, debentures, banknotes, bills of exchange, etc.). 11. h, a/ to take (s.o./an animal) out to/into (a place outdoors). 12. h, dan/ to vent, take out (one’s anger, frustration, negative emotion) on (s.o.). 13. h, dan/ to make (one thing) out of (another). 14. hi to show (s.o.) to be, reveal (s.o.) to be (a bad type of person); to call (s.o.) (s.t. unfavorable); to expose (s.o.’s wrongdoing/mistake); to make people think (s.o.) is, give people the impression that (s.o.) is (a bad type of person): Necati’nin yalanını çıkardınız. You showed Necati to be a liar. Onu yalancı çıkardılar. They’ve made people think he’s a liar. 15. h, dan/ math, to subtract (one amount) from (another). 16. /1, dan/ to unload (s.t.) from (a vehicle). 17. to develop
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    (the spots/pustules characteristic of certain diseases): Kızamık çıkarıyor. She’s coming down with measles. 18. Ill to get the maximum of (pleasure) from: Tatilin tadını çıkarmasını bilir. He knows how to have a great vacation. 19. hi to come up with, create, produce, invent (s.t. new); to develop (a new habit). 20. hi to turn out, produce (s.t./a specified kind of person).
    21. /i, da/ to play, perform (a tune) on (an instrument). 22. Ill to make (a law). 23.
    /i, dan/ to make (one’s living) from (a specified work). 24. /a, ı/ to offer (a guest) (s.t. to eat/drink). 25. Ill to vomit, throw (s.t.) up, spew (s.t.) up. 26. /i, a/ mil. to land (a force) on (a shore). 27. Ill to start (a row), pick (a quarrel); to create (a difficulty). 28. Ill to find (a place/an address). 29. Ill slang to hand over, cough up, give up. 30. Ill slang to say, spit out. çıkarsal based on self-interest; related to self -interest.
çıkarsama log. inference, illation, çıkarsever self-seeking, self-interested, çıkarseverlik self-seeking, self-interestedness, çıkartı physiol, excreted material, excretion, çıkartım extraction.
çıkartma 1. hi having (s.o./s.t.) removed/ extricated; having (s.t.) extracted. 2. decal, transfer (before what it represents has been transferred from its paper backing onto the surface where it will be displayed). 3. decal, sticker, transfer; transfer picture, (a) decalcomania. 4. Ill transferring (a picture) (from one surface to another), decalcomania, transfer printing, çıkartmabaskı (../..) print, offset, offset lithography.
çıkartmak 1. /a, ı, dan/ to have/let (one person) remove (another person/s.t.) (from); to have/let (one person) extricate (another person/s.t.) (from); to have/let (s.o.) extract/pull (s.t.) (from); to have/let (one person) bring (another person/s.t.) out (from); /a, ı/ to have/let (one person) expel/fire/evict (another person). 2. /a, ı/ to have/let (s.o.) take off (an article of clothing); to have/let (a man) doff (his hat). 3. /a, il to get/allow (one person) to make (another person/an animal) climb up or move up. 4. Isl, il to have/let (one person) present (another). 5. /a, il to have/let (s.o.) remove (a stain). 6. /a, i, la/ to enable/allow (s.o.) to make it through (a given period of time) with (a specified amount of s.t.). 7. /a, ı, dan/ to have/let (s.o.) extend/stick (s.t.) out of (a place).
    8.  /a, i/ to have/let (s.o.) publish (a book, newspaper, etc.). 9. /a, i, dan/ to have/let (one person) take out (his/her anger, frustration, negative emotion) on (another).
    10. /a, l, dan/ to have/let (s.o.) make (one thing) from (another). 11. /a, ı/ to have/let
                                                                                   çıkınlamak
   (one person) show (another) to be (s.t. unfavorable). 12. /a, ı/ to have/let (s.o.) expose (another’s wrongdoing/mistake). 13. /a, i, dan/ to have/let (s.o.) subtract (one amount) from (another). 14. /a, ı, dan/ to have/let (s.o.) unload (s.t.) from (a vehicle). 15. /a, i/ to cause (s.o.) to get the maximum of (pleasure) from. 16. /a, 1/ to have/let (s.o.) produce (s.t. new) or develop (a new habit). 17. /a, i/ to have/let (s.o.) make (a new law). 18. /a, i, dan/ to cause/allow (s.o.) to make (his/her living), from (a specified kind of work). 19. /a, ı/ to cause (s.o.) to vomit. 20. /a, ı/ to have/ let (s.o.) find (an address). 21. /a, ı/ slang to make/let (s.o.) hand over, cough up, or spit up (s.t.). 22. h, dan/ to remove (s.o./ s.t.) (from); to take/get (s.o./s.t.) out (of), extricate (s.o./s.t.) (from); to extract/pull (s.t.) (from); to bring (s.t./s.o.) out (from) (a place); to expel (a student) (from) (a school); to fire (a worker); to evict (a tenant). 23. Ill to take off (an article of clothing); to doff (one’s hat). 24. h, a/ to make (s.o./an animal) climb up on or get up on (s.t.); to make (s.o./an animal) go up to (a place); to put (s.o./s.t.) in/on (a higher place). 25. h, a/ to bring (one person) before (another), bring (one person) to (another), present (one person) to (another). 26. h, la/ to make it through or get through (a given period of time) with (a specified amount of s.t.). 27. Ill to remove, take out, get rid of (a stain). 28. hi to publish (a book, newspaper, etc.). 29. Ill to issue (securities, debentures, banknotes, bills of exchange, etc.) 30. h, a/ to take (s.o./an animal) out to/into (a place outdoors). 31. h, dan/ to unload (s.t.) from (a vehicle). 32. h, a/ mil. to land (a force) on (a shore). 33. Ill to make (a law), çıkı small bundle (of things tied up in a cloth), çıkık 1. dislocated, out of joint. 2. dislocation. 3. projecting, protruding. 4. projection, salient part. — sarmak to bandage a sprain/a dislocation, çıkıkçı bonesetter. çıkıkçılık bonesetting.
çıkılamak ill to make (things) into a bundle, tie (things) up in a bundle, bundle (things) up (in a cloth), çıkılanmak (for things) to be made into a bundle, be bundled up. çıkılmak impersonal passive 1. /dan/ to go out (of), come out (of), emerge (from). 2. /dan/ to graduate from, finish (a school/a university). 3. /dan/ to leave, depart (from) (a place).
çıkın bundle (of things tied up in a cloth).
   —     etmek hi to make (things) into a bundle, tie (things) up in a bundle, bundle (things) up (in a cloth), çıkınlamak 111 to make (things) into a bundle,
 çıkınlanmak
                                                           tie (things) up in a bundle, bundle (things) up (in a cloth), çıkınlanmak (for things) to be made into a bundle, be bundled up. çıkıntı 1. projecting part, salient part. 2. marginal note. 3. anat. process, promontory.
   4.    slang weed, fag, cig, cigarette, çıkıntılı (s.t.) which has projections/salients, çıkış 1. act/way of going out of, getting out of, or leaving (a place), exit, egress; act/ way of coming out or emerging, emergence. 2. exit, egress, place of exit. 3. scolding, bawling out. 4. slope, incline, ascent, (a) way up. 5. mil. sally, sortie. 6. greased wrestling the actions and gestures of the wrestlers as they are introduced to the crowd.
   7.  racing start. 8. comp, output. — açısı mil. angle of departure (of a projectile). — belgesi 1. temporary certificate of graduation. 2. com. export permit. — hata açısı mil. jump, angle of jump (of a projectile).
   —   hattı mil. line of departure, jump-off line. — kapısı exit door, exit. — noktası starting point, point of departure. — rampası exit ramp. — yapmak /a/ to scold. ■— yolu solution, way out.
çıkışamamak /la/ not to be able to compete with.
çıkışlı graduate (of a school), çıkışma scolding.
çıkışmak 1. /a/ to scold. 2. (for money) to be enough, suffice, çıkıştırmak /ı/ to gather together (a sum of money), çıkıt, -ti outlet.
çıkma 1. going out (of), coming out (of), emerging (from), issuing. 2. arch, projection, any structure projecting from the wall face of a building. 3. towel (put on when one is ready to leave the bathing room of a Turkish bath). 4. marginal note. 5. /dan/ (s.o./s.t.) which has come from. 6. /dan/ (s.o.) who has graduated from, who has finished (a school/a university). — durumu gram, the ablative case, the ablative.
   —   kule tourelle, turret (springing from a wall); bartizan.
çıkmak 1. /dan/ to go out (of), come out (of), emerge (from). 2. /dan/ (for one thing) to come from, be made from, be produced from (another). 3. /dan/ to graduate from, finish (a school/a university). 4. /dan/ to leave, depart (from) (a place). 5. /a/ to go to (a place); to go on (an outing): Çarşıya çıktı. She’s gone to the market. Tatile çıktılar. They’ve gone on vacation. 6. /a/ to go out in order to, go out to (do s.t.): Köpeğini aramaya çıktı. She went out to look for her dog. 7. /dan/ to result from, be the fruit of. 8. /dan/ (for there to be enough of one thing) to make another or to meet a need: Bu kumaştan bir ceket çıkar mı? Is there enough of this cloth to
                                                                                           çıkmak
make a sport coat? Kiradan vergi paramız çıkar mı? Will the rent be enough to cover our taxes? 9. /dan/ math, to be subtracted from. 10. (for s.t.) to come off; to fall off; to come loose. 11. to stick out, protrude. 12. (for s.t.) to appear, become visible; (for hair/a beard/seeds) to sprout.
13. (for a stain) to come out, disappear.
14. (for a color) to bleed, run; /a/ to come off on, stain. 15. /dan/ to have to spend, be obliged to spend (money). 16. (for a part of the body) to be dislocated, suffer dislocation. 17. /dan/ (for s.o.) to come out of, emerge from (a situation) (in a specified state): Merak etme, bu işten kârlı çıkacağız. Don’t worry; we’re going to finish this job in the black. 18. /dan/ to cease to be (the holder of a specified job): Memurluktan çıkalı yirmi yıl oldu. I haven’t been a government employee for twenty years. 19. /dan/ no longer to merit (the name he/she/it has gone by), cease to be (what he/she/it has been known to be): Palto olmaktan çıktı bu. You can no longer call this a coat. 20. /a/ to climb; to climb up to. 21, /a/ to go to see (a government official, an important person) (in his/her office or reception room). 22. /da/ (for one sort of thing) to be found in (another thing); (for a particular sort of person) to be found in/among (a group of persons): Sütte zararlı mikroplar çıktı. Harmful microbes were found in the milk.
23. /a/ (for s.t.) to come (one’s) way: Piyangodan bana hiçbir şey çıkmadı. I won nothing whatsoever in the lottery. Bugün bana postadan mektup çıktı. I happened to get a letter today. 24. to go out, show o.s. in public. 25. /la/ to go out with, date (s.o.). 26. (often with önüne/karşısma) unexpectedly to appear, unexpectedly to come on the scene, crop up, pop up. 27. /a/ to cost (a specified amount). 28. /a/ to play the role of, appear in the role of (a specified character). 29. /a/ (for s.t.) to extend as far as (a specified place). 30. /a/ to land at, disembark at; to deplane at; to detrain at. 31. (for news/a rumor) to circulate; (for a book, newspaper, etc.) to be published. 32. /a/ (for one person) to confront, oppose (another) (in a contest). 33. /i/ to build (a story of a building); /a, ı/ to add (a story) to (a building). 34. (for s.o.) to turn out to be (of a specified character, profession, rank, etc.); (for s.t.) to turn out to be (of a specified nature): Senden sessiz çıktı. He turned out to be quieter than you. Onlardan biri hekim çıktı. One of them turned out to be a doctor. Yoğurt ekşi çıktı. The yogurt turned out to be sour. 35. (for s.t., often s.t. unpleasant) to occur, happen: Şimdi kavga çıkacak. There’s going to be a quarrel now. 36. (for an order/a command) to be given; (for a law)
çıkmalı
 188
çıplak
    to be made. 37. (for s.t.) to become available at a specified time or to come into being for the first time: Maaşlar yarın çıkacak. We can get our salaries tomorrow. Çilek çıktı. Strawberries have come on the market. Kitap yeni çıktı. The book’s just been published. Bilgisayar diye bir şey çıktı. They’ve come out with something called a “computer.” 38. (for a season/a month) to be at an end, be over. 39. (for a price/a temperature) to rise, increase. 40. (for the sun/ the moon) to rise. 41. colloq. to have a BM, defecate. 42. (for a dream/a prophecy) to come true. 43. to move house, move; /a/ to move to (a place); /dan/ to move from (a place). 44. Ill slang to hand over, cough up, fork over (money), çıkmalı 1. arch, (a building) furnished with a projection. 2. gram, (word) which is in the ablative case. — tamlama gram, partitive construction. — tümleç gram, noun in the ablative case used to modify a verb, çıkmaz 1. dead-end street, dead end, Brit. cul-de-sac. 2. colloq. impasse, impossible situation, deadlock, stalemate. 3. anat. cecum, cul-de-sac. 4. phil. aporia. 5. dead-end, blind. 6. colloq. impossible (situation, course of action). — aym son çarşambası colloq. when pigs begin to fly, on a latter Lammas (i.e. never), —a girmek colloq. to deadlock, reach a deadlock. — leke indelible stain. — sokak dead-end street, dead end, Brit, cul -de-sac. —a sokmak III colloq. to turn (s.t.) into an impossible situation. — vadi blind valley, çıkmazlık phil. aporia. çıkra prov. thick undergrowth, çıkralık prov. place covered with thick undergrowth, thicket, çıkrık 1. windlass. 2. spinning wheel. 3. sheave, pulley wheel, çıkrıkçı maker/seller of windlasses, spinning wheels, or sheaves, çıkrıkçılık making/selling windlasses, spinning wheels, or sheaves, çıkrıkçın zool. garganey, Anas querquedula. çıkşağı prov. yo-yo.
çıktı 1. econ. output. 2. waste, waste product (from a factory). 3. comp, output data, output, çılan prov. a large jujube (a fruit).
‘çılbır a dish made of poached eggs and yogurt. 2çılbır prov. lead rein, çıldırasıya colloq. madly, passionately, çıldır çıldır (./ ..) brightly; with a sparkle; brilliantly. — bakmak /a/ to look at (s.o./ s.t.) with sparkling eyes, çildin madness, insanity; psychosis, çıldırmak to go mad, go insane, lose one’s mind.
çıldırtmak hi to drive (s.o.) crazy, make (s.o.)
    lose his/her mind, çılgın mad, crazy, wild, çılgınca 1. (./.) madly, crazily, wildly. 2. rath-
    er mad/crazy/wild, çılgıncasına (./...) colloq. madly, crazily, wildly, çılgınlaşmak to begin to act crazily, go wild, çılgınlık madness, craziness, wildness, çıma (/.) naut. 1. mooring line, hawser. 2. the loop end of a mooring line. — atmak/ver-mek /a/ to throw a mooring line (to), çımacı (/..) naut. dockman, person who catches and casts the mooring lines of a ship, çımbar prov. tenter (for stretching cloth), çımkırık prov. 1. bird’s feces. 2. gardener’s watering pot. çımkırmak prov. (for a bird) to defecate, çm prov. real, true. — sabah very early in the morning. — tutmak hi to affirm, çınar bot. 1. Oriental plane, chinar, chenar, Plat-anus orientalis. 2. plane, Platanus. — ımsı isfendan bot. sycamore, Acer pseudo-plat-anus.
çınargiller bot. Platanaceae. çınarlık grove of plane trees; place abounding in plane trees, çm çm (/ .) very clearly, sharply, rever-berantly. — inletmek hi to make (a place) ring (with a sound). — ötmek to echo very clearly, ring out clearly, reverberate, çıngar slang row, ruckus. — çıkarmak to start a row.
çıngı prov. 1. spark. 2. particle. 3. mug; dipper, çıngıl prov., see cmgil.
çıngırak 1. small bell. 2. rattle. —ı çekmek slang to kick the bucket, croak, die. çıngıraklı 1. furnished with a small bell; belled. 2. furnished with a rattle. 3. tinkling (laugh).
    —      deve kaybolmaz, proverb (A belled camel won’t disappear.) An outstanding person makes a lasting impression on people, çmgıraklıyılan (.../..) zool. rattlesnake, Cro-talus.
çmgırakotu, -nu (../..) bot., see çançiçeği. çıngır çıngır (..' ..) 1. tinklingly, with a tinkle. 2. rattlingly, with a rattle. — ötmek 1. to tinkle. 2. to rattle, çıngırdak 1. small bell. 2. rattle (especially one used as a child’s toy), çıngırdamak 1. to tinkle. 2. to rattle, çıngırtı 1. tinkling, tinkling sound. 2. rattle, rattling sound, çınlak resonant, reverberant, (place) which induces resonance, çınlama reverberation. — zamanı phys. reverberation time, çınlamak 1. to reverberate, ring clearly/sharply.
    2. (for one’s ears) to ring, çınlatmak 111 1. to make (s.t.) reverberate, make (s.t.) ring clearly/sharply. 2. to make (s.o.’s ears) ring.
                                                              çıpı çıpı (./ ..) child’s language taking a bath, çıpıl çıpıl (./ ..) (bathing) splashingly. çıpıldak naked (small child), çıplak 1. naked, nude. 2. bare (earth); barren, bare (land); unforested; (place) which contains little plant life. 3. empty, unfurnished
 çıplaklaşmak                                       189
   (room); bare (wall). 4. bare, uncovered (head). 5. plain, simple, unadorned (truth/ fact); straightforward, simple (style). 6. art nude, painting/sculpture of a nude. 7. poor person, (an) indigent. — gözle with the naked eye. —lar kampı nudist camp, nudist colony. — tel bare wire, uninsulated electric wire.
çıplaklaşmak to become bare, çıplaklaştırmak /i/ to denude, çıplaklık 1. nakedness, nudity. 2. barrenness, lack of trees/vegetation. 3. lack of furniture; bareness (of walls). 4. simplicity (of style), (bütün) —ıyla colloq. without hiding anything: Olayı bütün çıplaklığıyla anlattı. He recounted what happened without hiding a thing.
çıplakyarasa (./...) zool. naked bat, Cheiro-meles torquatus. çıra 1. resinous piece of wood. 2. prov. lamp.
   —  dibi karanlık olur. (Çıra dibine ışık vermez.) proverb (A lamp does not light its own base.) A person helps strangers more easily than he/she helps his/her own family.
çırağ obs. lamp; light; candle; torch, çırak 1. apprentice. 2. formerly person brought up as a servant in a great household and later married off and set up in life. — çıkarmak h! see çırak etmek. — çıkmak to leave service with provision for the future; to complete one’s apprenticeship. — etmek III 1. to free (an apprentice) to work on his own. 2. to give (an apprentice) what he needs to get set up on his own. — yetiştirmek to train apprentices; hi to train (s.o.) as an apprentice.
çıraklık 1. apprenticeship. 2. apprentice’s pay.
   —      etmek to work as an apprentice, çırakma prov. lamp bracket; candlestand. çırakman prov., see çırakma.
çıralamak hi 1. to kindle (a fire) with resinous wood. 2. colloq. to incite (a quarrel), çıralı resinous. — çam fat pine, pitch pine, çıramoz iron grill (placed at the end of a pole that projects from a fishing boat and used to hold a fire built for illumination), çırçıplak (/..) see çırılçıplak, çırçır 1. cotton gin. 2. prov. small spring. 3. prov., zool. field cricket, Gryllus campestris.
   4.     prov. babbler, chatterbox, çırçırbalığı, -m (./...) zool. wrasse, Labrus. çırılçıplak (.*"••) stark naked, buck naked, çırılçıplaklık (./...) stark nakedness, çırnık 1. a small boat. 2. a large, three-sailed, single-masted sailing vessel, çırpı 1. chip, shaving; (dry) twig. 2. (carpenter’s) chalk line; (mason’s) leveling line.
   —  çekmek to draw/mark a straight line with a chalk line, —dan çıkmak to overstep the mark, go too far. — çırpmak see çırpı çekmek. —ya getirmek hi to line up. — gibi colloq. thin, skinny (arms/legs). — ipi (carpenter’s) chalk line; (mason’s) leveling line.
                                                                                               çırpma
çırpıcı person who rinses hand-printed cloth in order to make its colors fast, çırpılmak 1. (for a tablecloth, rug, etc.) to be shaken out. 2. (for a piece of laundry, a cloth, etc.) to be agitated (in water) (as is done when rinsing). 3. (for hands) to be clapped. 4. (for wings) to be flapped. 5. to be trimmed, be clipped. 6. (for a food) to be beaten/whisked/whipped. 7. to be stolen, çırpmak convulsion. — doğurucu 1. (a) con-vulsant, convulsive agent. 2. convulsant, convulsive, çırpmım path, fibrillation, çırpmış 1. struggling, twisting and turning and moving one’s arms and legs convulsively; writhing; way of struggling, way of twisting and turning and moving one’s arms and legs convulsively; way of writhing. 2. fluttering, flutter; way of fluttering. 3. struggling (of a hooked fish); flopping about (of a landed fish); way of struggling (of a hooked fish); way of flopping about (of a landed fish). 4. chopping (of the sea) . 5. being very anxious/ worried, agonizing. 6. trying hard, exerting every effort, strenuous exertion, çırpınma 1. struggling, twisting and turning and moving one’s arms and legs convulsively; writhing. 2. fluttering, flutter. 3. struggling (of a hooked fish); flopping about (of a landed fish). 4. chopping (of the sea). 5. being very anxious/worried, agonizing. 6. trying hard, exerting every effort, strenuous exertion.
çırpınmak 1. to struggle, twist and turn and move one’s arms and legs convulsively; to writhe. 2. (for a bird) to flutter its wings, flutter. 3. (for a hooked fish) to struggle; (for a fish that has been landed) to flop about. 4. (for the sea) to break in short and abrupt waves, be choppy, be chopping. 5. to be very anxious/worried, agonize. 6. to try hard, exert every effort, çırpıntı 1. fluttering, flutter. 2. convulsion, spasm. 3. chopping, choppiness (of the sea), çırpıntılı choppy, chopping (sea), çırpışmak (for birds) to flutter their wings, flutter.
çırpıştırılmak 1. to be tapped, be beaten lightly.
    2. to be done hastily and carelessly. 3. to be scribbled, be written down hastily and carelessly.
çırpıştırma 1. hi tapping, beating (s.t.) lightly.
    2.   hi doing (s.t.) hastily and carelessly. 3. hi scribbling, writing (s.t.) down hastily and carelessly. 4. (s.t.) which has been done hastily and carelessly, slapdash. 5. scribbled, written down hastily and carelessly, çırpıştırmak hi 1. to tap, beat (s.t.) lightly. 2. to do (s.t.) hastily and carelessly. 3. to scribble, write (s.t.) down hastily and carelessly, çırpma 1. hi shaking out (a tablecloth, a rug, etc.). 2. hi agitating (a piece of laundry, a cloth, etc.) (in water) (as is done when rins-
 çırpmak                                            190
    ing). 3. h! clapping (one’s hands). 4. Ill (a bird’s) flapping (its wings). 5. hi trimming, clipping (s.t.). 6. hi beating/whisking/whipping (a food). 7. hi stealing. 8. basting stitch.
    9.    greased wrestling a kind of throw, çırpmak hi 1. to shake out (a tablecloth, rug, etc.). 2. to agitate (a piece of laundry, a cloth, etc.) (in water) (as is done when rinsing).
    3.    to clap (one’s hands). 4. (for a bird) to flap (its wings). 5. to trim, clip. 6. to beat/ whisto'whip (a food). 7. to steal, çırptırmak h, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) shake out (a tablecloth, rug, etc.). 2. to have (s.o.) agitate (a piece of laundry, a cloth, etc.) (in water) (as is done when rinsing). 3. to cause (s.o.) to clap (his/her hands). 4. to cause (a bird) to flap (its wings). 5. to have (s.o.) trim/clip (s.t.). 6. to have (s.o.) beat/whisk/ whip (a food). 7. to have/let (s.o.) steal (s.t.). çırt, -ti prov. Persian wheel, waterwheel. çıt, -ti an almost imperceptible cracking sound.
    —      çıkarmamak not to make a sound, not to utter a peep. — çıkmamak for no sound to be heard; /dan/ not to utter a peep. — etmek to make a cracking sound. — yok. colloq. There’s not a sound to be heard, çıta (/.) lath, long and narrow strip of wood, çıtak prov. 1. woodcutter, person who cuts and sells wood for a living (in the mountains).
    2. crude, rough; quarrelsome; ill-tempered.
    3. villager.
çıtçıt, -ti snap fastener (for a garment), çıtı pıtı (./ ..) colloq. dainty, delicate and lovely, çıtır çıtır (./ ..) 1. (burning) with a crackle, cracklingly; (breaking) with a splintering sound; (eating s.t. crisp) with a crunch. 2. crisp, crunchy (food). — etmek to crackle, make a crackling sound; to splinter, make a splintering sound; to crunch, make a crunching sound. — konuşmak to speak fluently, çıtırdamak to crackle, make a crackling sound; to splinter, make a splintering sound; to crunch, make a crunching sound, çıtırdatmak hi to make (s.t.) crackle/splinter/ crunch.
çıtır pıtır (./ ..) colloq. 1. (a child’s talking) fluently and pleasantly. 2. dainty, delicate and lovely.
çıtırtı crackle, crackling sound; splintering sound; crunch, crunching sound, çıtkırıldım 1. unable to stand pressure or rough treatment of any kind; excessively delicate; excessively sensitive. 2. overnice, overrefined, precious, çıtkırıldımlık 1. inability to stand pressure or rough treatment of any kind; excessive delicacy; excessive sensitivity. 2. overnicety, overniceness, overrefinement, preciosity, çıtlamak 1. to crack/snap/pop; to make a cracking/snapping/popping sound. 2. to crackle, make a crackling sound, çıtlatılmak 1. to be cracked/snapped/popped.
    2. /a/ to be hinted to (s.o.).
                                                                                             çiçekçilik
çıtlatmak 1. Ill to crack (one’s knuckles). 2. hi to crack/snap/pop; to make (s.t.) crack/ snap/pop. 3. /i, a/ to drop a hint about (s.t.) to (s.o.). çıtpıt, -ti see çatapat, çıvdırmak hi prov. to deflect, çıvgar prov. (an) extra animal (harnessed on later to help pull a wagon/a plow), çıvgın prov. 1. large shoot/sucker (growing from a tree). 2. fir or pine (used for making masts).
   3. sleet.
                                                           çıvlamak prov. 1. to flow with a gush. 2. to swish through the air. çıvmak prov. 1. to jump, hop. 2. to be deflected, çıyan zool. centipede, Scolopendra. — gibi colloq. blond and unpleasant-looking (person), çıyancık bot. bistort, snakeweed, Polygonum bistorta.
çıyanlık treachery, betrayal. — etmek to do something treacherous, behave treacherously; /a/ to betray, çıyanotu, -nu (./..) bot. common polypody, Polypodium vulgare. çızıktırmak hi prov., see çiziktirmek, çiçek 1. flower, blossom, bloom. 2. flowering plant, flower; ornamental plant. 3. path. smallpox. 4. chem. flowers, (a) sublimate: kükürt çiçeği flowers of sulfur. 5. colloq. loose woman, sexually promiscuous woman.
   6. colloq. charming scoundrel; charming woman who is up to no good. — açmak to bloom, flower, blossom. — aşısı 1. smallpox vaccine. 2. smallpox vaccination. — bahçesi flower garden. — bamyası a small-podded okra that is usually dried for winter use. — başçığı bot. anther. — boyuncuğu bot. style. —i burnunda (çamuru karmnda) colloq.
   1. garden-fresh, very fresh (fruit/vegetable).
   2. fresh, hot (piece of news). 3. (s.o.) who is a rank newcomer to (a job): çiçeği burnunda bir gazeteci a cub reporter. — çanağı bot. calyx. — çanakyaprağı bot. sepal. — çevresi bot. perianth. — çıkarmak to break out with smallpox. — dişicik borusu bot. style. —- durumu bot. inflorescence. — dürbünü kaleidoscope. — gibi 1. very clean and neat. 2. very neat and attractive. — iğnesi bot. style. — ipçiği bot. filament. — örtüsü bot. perianth. — sapçığı bot. pedicel. — sapı bot. peduncle. — tablası bot. receptacle, torus.
   —  tacı bot. corolla. — taçyaprağı bot. petal.
   —  tarhı flower bed. — tepeciği bot. stigma.
   —  vermek to bloom, flower, blossom. — yaprağı bot. bract. — yumurtalığı bot. ovary.
çiçekbiti, -ni (./..) zool. aphid, çiçekbozuğu, -nu (./...) 1. pockmark. 2. pockmarked.
çiçekçi 1. florist. 2. nurseryman. 3. flower shop, florist’s shop. — dükkânı flower shop, florist’s shop.
                                                           çiçekçilik 1. floristry; being a florist. 2. the nursery business; being a nurseryman; flori-
 çiçekevi                                          191
    culture.
çiçekevi, -ni (./..) flower shop, florist’s shop, çiçeklemek Iı! 1. to plant flowers in (a place).
    2. to decorate (a place) with flowers, çiçeklenme 1. flowering, florescence, efflorescence, anthesis. 2. chem. efflorescence. 3. being planted with flowers. 4. being decorated with flowers, çiçeklenmek to flower, bloom, blossom, çiçekli 1. (plant) which is in bloom, flores-cent, efflorescent. 2. (s.t.) which contains flowers, flowered, flowery. 3. decorated with flowers or floral drawings, flowered, beflowered. 4. (s.o.) who has smallpox. — bitkiler bot. Phanerogamici. çiçeklik 1. plant stand. 2. vase/bowl (designed to hold cut flowers). 3. flower garden; flower bed. 4. greenhouse. 5. bot. receptacle, torus.
çiçeksime 1. chem. efflorescence. 2. breaking out, eruption (of a skin disease), çiçeksimek 1. chem. to effloresce. 2. (for a skin disease) to break out, erupt, çiçeksiz 1. (plant) which is not in bloom or which has no flowers on it. 2. (s.t.) which is devoid of flowers. 3. not decorated with flowers or floral designs. — bitkiler bot. Cryptogamia. çiçeksuyu, -nu (./..) floral water, çiçektozu, -nu (./..) bot. pollen. — borusu/ borucuğu pollen tube. — kesesi pollen sac. çiçekyağı, -m (./..) sunflower oil. çift, -ti 1. pair: bir çift ayakkabı a pair of shoes. 2. married couple. 3. pair of animals (consisting of a male and a female).
   4.  team (of two animals): bir çift öküz a yoke of oxen. 5. math, even (number).
   6.  mate, one member of a pair: Bu ayakkabının çiftini kaybettim. I’ve lost the mate for this shoe. 7. watchmaking, print. pincers. — atış sports two shots of the starter’s pistol (used to signal a false start).
   —   atlı two-horse, drawn by two horses.
   —i bozmak to give up farming. — camlı pencere 1. double window (i.e. one fitted with a storm window). 2. double-glazed window. — çift in pairs, by pairs. — çubuk farming implements. — çubuk sahibi
   1.  farm owner. 2. (s.o.) who owns a farm.
   —   dikiş 1. double seam. 2. slang repeater (of a class). 3. slang repeating a class. — dirsek U-joint. — dudaksıl ling, bilabial.
   —   düğmeli double-breasted. — edersen bağlanırsın, bağ edersen eğlenirsin. proverb If you become a farmer you are tied down, but if you operate a vineyard you can enjoy it. — e gitmek to go out to plow. — görme double vision, diplopia. — görmek 1. to see double. 2. colloq. to be drunk. — hatlı rail, double-track. — kanatlı kapı double door. — kanatlı pencere casement window (consisting of two sashes). — karinalı naut. double-keeled.
                                                                                             çiftelemek
   —e koşmak /ı/ to hitch (an animal) to a plow team. — motorlu twin-engine. — önlü see çift düğmeli. — sürmek to plow.
   —   sütun print, double column. — taraflı defter tutma double-entry bookkeeping. — tuz chem. double salt. — uskurlu twin -screw (ship). — yönlü two-way. — yönlü opsiyon/seçenek fin. double option, two-way option. — zamanı plowing time.
çiftayaklılar (/....) zool. Diplopoda. çiftçi farmer, —nin karnını yarmışlar, kırk tane “gelecek yıl” çıkmış, proverb (They opened the belly of the farmer and found forty “next years.”) A farmer always counts on the future, —ye yağmur, yolcuya kurak; cümlenin muradını verecek Hak. proverb Rain for the farmer, dry weather for the traveler: God will grant everyone his/her wish, çiftçilik farming; being a farmer, çiftdesimetre (/....) measuring rod with divisions every 20 cm. çiftdişliler (/...) zool. Duplicidentata. çifte 1. double, made up of two identical parts: çifte gerdanli double-chinned, çifte merdiven double stairway. 2. propelled by a pair of oars: üç çifte kayık a caique propelled by three pairs of oars. 3. double-barrel, double-barreled gun. 4. kick made by an animal using both of its hind feet at once. 5. pair of white spots on the forehead of an animal (regarded as unlucky). — atmak /a/ (for an animal) to kick (s.o./s.t.) using both of its hind feet at once. — dalmak wrestling to try to grasp the opponent’s lower legs. — dikiş slang 1. repeater (of a class). 2. repeating a class. — dürbün binoculars.
   —   ezan (a) call to prayer chanted by two muezzins at once. — hamam Turkish bath which has two separate sections, one for men and the other for women. — harf print. double letter, ligature. — kapı double door.
   —   kavrulmuş 1. Turkish delight that has a hard consistency and that has been cut into small pieces. 2. roasted almonds that have been glazed with sugar. 3. colloq. hard-boiled (person). 4. colloq. very experienced, (s.o.) who has seen a lot. 5. colloq. (s.o.) who has undergone a lot of suffering. 6. slang (student) who is repeating a class. — kumrular colloq. two inseparable chums. — kur sistemi fin. dual exchange rate system. — minare pair of minarets, twin minarets. — sigorta double insurance. — standart double standard. — şamdan two-branched candelabrum.
   —   vatandaşlık dual citizenship. — vergilen-dirme/vergi double taxation. — yoğunluk comp, double density.
çiftehane (..—.) pairing cage, mating cage (for birds).
çiftelemek 1. /ı/ (for an animal) to kick (s.oJ s.t.) using both of its hind feet at once. 2. naut. to cast a second anchor.
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 192
 çilav
çifteleşmek (for animals) to kick each other using both of their hind feet at once, çifteli 1. (animal) which tends to kick using both of its hind feet at once. 2. colloq. ornery, cantankerous, bad-tempered and truculent. 3. (animal) which has a pair of white spots on its forehead. 4. prov. (s.o./s.t.) who/ which brings bad luck, çiftenağra (./..) mus. pair of small drums (that are joined together), çifter çifter (./ ..) in pairs, çiftetelli (./..) 1. a kind of folk dance. 2. the music for this dance, çiftkanatlılar (/....) zool. Diptera. çiftküme (/..) astr. double cluster, çiftlemek hi 1. to double. 2. to mate, pair, breed (animals).
çiftlenmek 1. to be doubled. 2. (for animals) to be mated, be paired, be bred, çiftleşme 1. mating (of animals). 2. becoming double, doubling, çiftleşmek 1. (for animals) to mate. 2. to become double, double, çiftleştirmek hi 1. to mate, breed (animals).
   2. to double, çiftlik farm; farmstead. — evi farmhouse. — kâhyası farm manager. — sahibi farm owner.
çiftparmaklılar (/....) zool. Artiodactyla. çiftteker (/..) bicycle, çifttekerci (/...) bicyclist, cyclist, çifttekercilik (/....) bicycling, cycling, çiftyıldız (/..) astr. double star.
Çigan 1. (a) Gypsy (especially one from Hungary/Romania). 2. Gypsy, of the Gypsies (especially of those in Hungary/Romania). — müziği Hungarian Gypsy music; Romanian Gypsy music.
‘çiğ 1. raw, uncooked; not completely cooked. 2. colloq. ill-bred, untutored. 3. colloq. unseemly, inappropriate (act/words). 4. harsh (color/light). — çiğ yemek hi colloq. to be enraged at: Onu çiğ çiğ yiyebilirdim. I could have torn him limb from limb. — kaçmak/ düşmek colloq. to be inappropriate, be unseemly. — köfte dish made of raw ground meat, pounded wheat, and red pepper. — süt emmek colloq. to be evil-minded by nature, be a bad egg from the word go. —den vermek /a/ to pay (a soldier) money in place of his rations. — yemedim ki karnım ağrısın. colloq. (I haven’t eaten raw food, so why should I have a stomach ache?) As I’ve done nothing wrong, I have nothing to fear.
2çiğ dew. — noktası dew point, çiğbörek (.'..) a fried börek made with raw ground meat, onions, and spices, çiğde 1. jujube (the fruit). 2. bot. jujube tree, Ziziphus jujuba. çiğdem bot. 1. autumn crocus, meadow saffron, naked lady, Co(chicum autumnale. 2. colchi-cum, Colchicum. 3. crocus, Crocus. çiğdene resinous pine board (used for siding).
çiğin, -ğni prov. shoulder, çiğindirik prov. 1. shoulder yoke (used for carrying loads on a person’s shoulders). 2. shoot, sprout (of a plant), çiğit prov. 1. (a) cotton seed. 2. (a) seed, çiğleşmek 1. (for a color/light) to become harsh, harshen. 2. colloq. to behave rudely, çiğlik 1. rawness. 2. colloq. ill breeding, rudeness. 3. harshness (of a color/of light). — etmek colloq. to behave rudely, çiğnek prov. much-used route, well-trodden path.
çiğnem a chew (of).
çiğneme chewing, mastication. — kası anat. masseter.
çiğnemek III 1. to chew, masticate. 2. to trample, tread (s.o./s.t.) under foot; to crush, run over: Araba kediyi çiğnedi. The car ran over the cat. 3. flagrantly to violate, çiğneyip geçmek hi colloq. 1. not to look (s.o.) up, not to visit (while one is in the neighborhood).
   2. to go over (s.o.’s) head, ignore (s.o.) and apply to his/her superior. Çiğnemeden yutulmaz. proverb (Nothing can be swallowed until it is chewed.) Everything requires some effort.
çiğnemik prov. food which a woman chews and then feeds to a baby, çiğnenmek 1. to be chewed, be masticated. 2. to be trampled, be trod under foot; to be crushed, be run over. 3. to be flagrantly violated.
çiğnetici anat. masticatory, used for chewing, çiğnetmek 1. /a, ı/ to have/let (s.o.) chew (s.t.).
   2.    /a, i/ to have/let (an animal) trample (s.o./ s.t.); /a, i, la/ to have/let (s.o.) run over (s.o./ s.t.) with (a vehicle). 3. /a, 1/ to have/let (s.o.) flagrantly violate (a rule/a law/a right), çiğrenkçi (/..) 1. (a) Fauvist. 2. Fauvist, of the Fauvists. çiğrenkçilik (/...) Fauvism. çiklet, -ti chewing gum. çikolata (../.) 1. chocolate (which has been sweetened and made ready to eat); chocolate candy. 2. chocolate (as a color). 3. chocolate-colored, chocolate, çikolatacı maker/seller of chocolate, çikolatacılık making/selling chocolate, çikolatalı chocolate, flavored/coated with chocolate: çikolatalı dondurma chocolate ice cream.
‘çil 1. freckle. 2. freckled. 3. speckled (animal).
   4. bright and shiny, newly-minted (coin). 5. spot (in a mirror). 6. bot. root hair (of a plant root).
2çil zool. 1. hazel grouse, hazel hen, Tetrastes bonasia. 2. francolin, Francolinus. — yavrusu gibi dağılmak colloq. (for a group) to scatter, run away in every direction (like a frightened covey of birds), çilardıcı, -ni (/...) zool. reed warbler, Aero-cephalus scirpaceus. çilav dish of boiled rice containing meat/
‘çile                                               193
   chicken.
‘çile 1. suffering, trial, ordeal. 2. a dervish’s forty-day period of retirement and fasting.
   —  çekmek to undergo a severe trial, suffer an ordeal. — çıkarmak see çile doldurmak. —den çıkarmak lı! to infuriate, make (s.o.) blow his/her stack, —den çıkmak to become furious, blow one’s stack. — doldurmak to undergo a period of suffering.
   —si dolmak for one’s period of suffering to end. —ye girmek to embark upon a period of suffering, for one’s period of suffering to begin.
2çile 1. hank, skein. 2. bowstring, çilecilik mortification of the flesh or humiliation of the spirit, asceticism, çilehane (..— .) place in which a dervish undergoes a period of trial and suffering, çilek 1. strawberry (the fruit). 2. bot. strawberry plant, Fragaria vesca. çilekeş 1. long-suffering. 2. (an) ascetic. 3.
   ascetic, ascetical. çileklik strawberry patch; strawberry field, çileli 1. (s.o.) who has suffered much, who is marked by suffering. 2. (s.t.) that will cause one to suffer, very onerous, very difficult, very hard.
çilemek prov. 1. to drizzle. 2. (for a nightingale) to warble, trill, sing, çilenti prov. drizzle, drizzling rain, çilingir 1. locksmith. 2. slang picklock, burglar who is adept at picking locks. — sofrası colloq. a table set with raki and a few hors d’oeuvres.
çilingirlik 1. locksmithery; being a locksmith.
   2. slang being a picklock.
çilkeklik (/..) zool. gray partridge, Perdix perdix.
çillenmek to become freckled/speckled; to freckle, çilli freckled; speckled.
çim 1. grass used for lawns. 2. lawn. — biçme makinesi lawn mower; grass cutter. — hokeyi field hockey. — kesme makinesi see çim biçme makinesi. — kort tennis grass court.
çimbal (/.) mus., see çimbali. çimbali (./.) mus. cymbal, çimçek prov., zool. a small sparrow, çim çim (/ ,) prov. (doing s.t.) without relish-^ ing it.
çimdik 1. (a) pinch (made with the fingers). 2.
   (a) pinch of: bir çimdik tuz a pinch of salt.
   3. hurtful remark. 4. prov. a kind of meat pastry. — atmak/basmak /a/ to pinch (s.o./ s.t.) (with one’s fingers). — dikişi tailor. shirring.
çimdiklemek /ı/ 1. to pinch (s.o./s.t.) (with one’s fingers). 2. to pinch off. çimdiklenmek 1. to get pinched, be pinched.
   2.     to be pinched off. çimek prov. bathing spot (in a creek, stream, etc.).
                                                                                   çingenesarısı
çimen 1. wild grass. 2. see çemen, çimenlik 1. grassy. 2. meadow, grassy spot, çimento (./.) cement. — boyası cement pigment. — karo cement tile. — sıva cement rendering. — şerbeti cement grout, cement slurry, neat cement. — tabancası cement gun. — yer karosu cement floor tile, çimentolama cementation, çimentolamak /ı/ to cement, cover (s.t.) with cement.
çimentolanmak to be cemented, be covered with cement, çimentolu (./..) 1. cemented, covered with cement. 2. containing cement; mixed with cement. — boya cement paint, concrete paint, çimil prov. mosquito, çimlemek /ı/ to grass.
                                                       çimlendirmek /ı/ 1. to make (a seed) sprout, sprout. 2. to have (an area) grassed, çimlenme 1. germination. 2. (an area’s) becoming grassy, çimlenmek 1. to sprout, germinate. 2. to become grassy. 3. /dan/ colloq. to get a (little of s.t.) for nothing, enjoy (a little of s.t.) for free. 4. /dan/ colloq. to snack on, nibble on. çimmek prov. to bathe (in a creek, stream, etc.). Çin 1. China. 2. Chinese, of China. — feneri Chinese lantern. — kırmızısı Chinese red.
   —     mavisi Chinese blue. — mürekkebi see çini mürekkebi. — porseleni chinaware, china. — Seddi the Great Wall of China, the Chinese Wall. — yeşili Chinese green, çinakop, -pu zool. the young of the bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix. çinanasonu, -nu (/....) bot. star anise, Chinese anise, Illicium verum. çinayvası, -ni (/...) bot. Japanese quince, Cydonia japonica. çinbaklası, -m (/...) bot. tonka bean, Dipteryx odorata.
çinbeyazı, -m (/...) zinc white, zinc oxide. Çince (/.) 1. Chinese, the Chinese language.
   2. (speaking/writing) in Chinese, Chinese.
   3. Chinese (speech/writing); spoken in Chinese; written in Chinese.
                                                       Çin Cumhuriyeti, -ni the Republic of China, çinçilya (./.) zool. chinchilla, Chinchilla laniger. çinçilyagiller (./...) zool. Chinchillidae. Çingene 1. (a) Gypsy. 2. Gypsy, of or pertaining to the Gypsies. 3. Gypsy, Romany, pertaining to the Romany language.
Çingenece (../.) 1. Romany, the Romany language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Romany, Romany. 3. Romany (speech/writing); spoken in Romany; written in Romany, çingenepalamudu, -nu (../....) zool. the young of the bonito (fish), çingenepavuryası, -ni (../....) zool. green crab, Carcinides maenas. çingenepembesi, -ni (../...) 1. shocking pink, a very bright shade of pink. 2. colored a very bright shade of pink, çingenesarısı, -ni (.••"•••) 1. very bright shade
çingülü
 194
çitilemek
   of yellow. 2. colored a very bright shade of yellow.
çingülü, -nü (/..) bot. 1. Chinese hibiscus, China rose, rose of China, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. 2. camellia, Japan rose, Camellia.
Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti, -ni the People’s Republic of China.
Çinhindi (/..) 1. Indochina, Farther India. 2.
   Indo-Chinese, of Indochina, çini 1. piece of earthenware decorated with opaque colored glazes and motifs that are characteristic of Turkish art (It resembles faience or majolica.). 2. piece of faience/ majolica. — mürekkebi India ink, China ink, Chinese ink, Brit. Indian ink. — soba porcelain stove, çinici maker/seller of çini, çinili decorated with çini tiles.
‘çinko (/.) 1. chem. zinc. 2. zinc sheet. 3. zinc plate, zincograph. 4. zinc, made of zinc. — sülfat chem. zinc sulfate.
2cinko (/.) 1. Five! (a word uttered by a lotto player when he/she has covered one row of numbers on his/her card). 2. prize (given to a lotto player for covering one row of numbers on his/her card), çinkograf zincographer. çinkografi zincography, çinleylağı, -m (/...) bot. chinaberry, pride of China, pride of India, pride of Persia, Persian lilac, Indian bead tree, azedarach, Melia azedarach.
Çinli 1. (a) Chinese. 2. Chinese (person), çinördeği, -ni (/...) zool. mandarin duck, Aix galericulata.
çintamani (..------) a motif used in Turkish
   art.
çintan prov. baggy trousers made of coarse fabric worn by peasant women, çintavuğu, -nu (/...) Cochin, Cochin China (an Asian breed of domestic fowl).
çintemani (..------) see çintamani.
çinyasemini, -ni (/ — ...) bot. star jasmine, confederate jasmine, Chinese jasmine, Trachelospermum jasminoides. çip, -pi comp. chip.
çipil 1. blear, swollen, and lashless (eye). 2.
   mud puddle, çipilleşmek (for eyes) to become blear, swollen, and lashless. çipo (/.) naut. stock (of an anchor), çipura (./.) zool. gilt-head bream, Chryso-phrys aurata. çir prov. (a) dried apricot; prune, çiriş 1. glue (made with powdered asphodel root, used by bookbinders and cobblers). 2. powdered asphodel root. — gibi (— çanağı gibi) olmak colloq. (for; one’s mouth) to be dry (after drinking too much alcohol): Ağzım çiriş gibi. I’ve got a cotton mouth, çirişlemek /ı/ to smear (s.t.) with glue made from asphodel root, çirişotu, -nu (./..) bot. asphodel, Asphodelus
    aestivus.
çirkef 1. filthy water, foul water. 2. colloq. filthy, disgusting, loathsome. — suyu filthy water, foul water. — e taş atma, üstüne sıçrar. proverb (Don’t throw a stone into a pit of filth or you’ll get splashed.) Don’t pick a fight with a troublemaker or you will suffer. —e taş atmak (—i üzerine sıçratmak) colloq. to provoke an insolent person, çirkeflik colloq. disgusting behavior, çirkin 1. ugly (in appearance). 2. ugly, unbecoming, shameful; disgusting, çirkince 1. rather ugly. 2. (./.) in an ugly manner.
çirkinleşmek to get ugly, become ugly, çirkinleştirmek /ı/ to make (s.o./s.t.) ugly, spoil the appearance (of), çirkinlik ugliness.
çirkinsemek /ı/ to consider (s.o./s.t.) ugly, çiroz 1. salted and dried thin mackerel. 2. colloq. nothing but skin and bones, emaciated person.
çirozlaşmak 1. (for mackerel) to spawn or become thin. 2. colloq. to turn into nothing but skin and bones, become emaciated, çirozluk 1. (mackerel) good for drying. 2. colloq. emaciation, çis manna (the exudation of various plants, often used medicinally), çise prov. drizzle, çiselemek to drizzle, çisemek see çiselemek, çisenti drizzle, çisentili drizzly.
                               çiskin prov. 1. made wet by a drizzle. 2. drizzle, çiş child’s language peepee, wee wee, urine.
    —  etmek to peepee, weewee, urinate. — i gelmek to need to peepee, need to urinate.
çişik prov. leveret, young rabbit, çişli wet with urine.
‘çit, -ti 1. hedgerow, hedge. 2. fence made of brush, rails, pickets, or barbed wire; brush fence; rail fence; picket fence; barbed-wire fence. — çekmek /a/, — le çevirmek /ı/ 1. to hedge. 2. to enclose (a place) with a brush fence/a rail fence/a picket fence/a barbed -wire fence. — duvarı fencing wall.
2çit, -ti 1. chintz, printed cotton cloth. 2. kerchief.
çita (/.) zool. cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus. çitar prov. a brocade made of silk mixed with cotton.
                               çitari (./.) 1. zool. salpa, Box salpa. 2. prov. a brocade made of silk mixed with cotton, çiti rubbing the folds of a wet piece of laundry together by hand (in order to clean them).
    —  yapmak 1. to rub the folds of a wet piece of laundry together by hand (in order to clean them). 2. to comb one’s hair with a comb each tooth of which has been wrapped with thread.
                               çitilemek /ı/ to rub the folds of (a wet piece of laundry) together by hand (in order to clean
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   them).
çitili (piece of laundry) the folds of which have been rubbed together by hand (in order to clean them), çitilmek 1. to be gathered up, be joined. 2. to be darned. 3. for the folds of (a piece of laundry) to be rubbed together by hand (in order to clean them), çitişik tangled, matted.
çitişmek 1. to become tangled/matted. 2. (for teeth) to occlude, çitkuşu, -nu (/..) zool. wren, Troglodytes troglodytes.
çitlembik 1. berry of the nettle tree. 2. bot. nettle tree, Celtis australis. — gibi colloq. small, dark, and winsome (girl), çitlembikağacı, -ni (../...) bot. nettle tree, Celtis australis. çitlemek /ı/ 1. prov. to crack (dried seeds) between one’s teeth. 2. to hedge. 3. to enclose (a place) with a brush fence/a rail fence/a picket fence/a barbed-wire fence, çitli 1. hedged. 2. enclosed with a brush fence/ a rail fence/a picket fence/a barbed-wire fence.
çitmek /i/ prov. 1. to gather up, join. 2. to dam.
   3.     to rub the folds of (a wet piece of laundry) together by hand (in order to clean them). 4. to narrow the spaces between the teeth of (a comb) by wrapping each tooth with thread, çitmik prov. 1. small stalk forming part of a bunch of grapes. 2. (a) pinch (of), (a) very small amount (of), çitsarmaşığı, -m (/....) bot. hedge bindweed, bellbind, bellbine, bellbinder, wild morning glory, Convolvulus sepium. çivdirmek l\l prov. to deflect, çivi 1. nail (used to join two things together).
   2. spike, cleat (on the sole of a shoe). 3. hobnail. 4. pin (used to set fractured bones).
   5. sports smash (in tennis); spike (in volleyball). — başı head of a nail. — çakmak /'a/ to drive a nail into. — çıkar, ama yeri kalır. proverb (A nail can be pulled, but its hole is left.) A broken heart never quite heals. — çiviyi söker, proverb (It takes a nail to drive out a nail.) You have to fight fire with fire.
   —       gibi colloq. 1. healthy, strong. 2. very cold. — gibi olmak colloq. 1. to be very cold, freeze. 2. to be strong and healthy. — kesmek colloq. to be very cold, freeze. — söken nail puller. — yazısı cuneiform, cuneiform writing. — yukarı greased wrestling bringing an opponent to the floor with his head down and his legs in the air. çivici 1. maker/seller of nails. 2. volleyball . # spiker. 3. tennis smasher.
çividi (.------) indigo-blue, indigo, indigo
   -colored. — mavi 1. indigo blue, indigo. 2. indigo-blue, indigo, indigo-colored, çivileme 1. /ı, a/ nailing (one thing) to (another); hi nailing (s.t.) together. 2. Ill volleyball
                                                                                                          çizge
    spiking (a volleyball). 3. hi tennis smashing (a tennis ball). 4. plunging feetfirst (into water).
                               çivilemek 1. /ı, a/ to nail (one thing) to (another); hi to nail (s.t.) together. 2. Ill volleyball to spike (a volleyball). 3. hi tennis to smash (a tennis ball). 4. h! colloq. to kill/ injure (s.o.) with a sharp-pointed instrument, çivilenmek 1. /a/ (for one thing) to be nailed to (another); to be nailed together. 2. volleyball (for a volleyball) to be spiked. 3. tennis (for a tennis ball) to be smashed, çiviletmek /ı, a/ to have (one thing) nailed to (another); hi to let (s.t.) be nailed together; /a, i/ to have/let (s.o.) nail (s.t.) together, çivili 1. nailed together; /a/ nailed to. 2. (shoe) furnished with spikes/cleats. 3. hobnailed. 4. (fractured bone) set with a pin. çiviliköpekbalığı, -ni (../.....) zool. spiny shark, Echinorhinus spinosus. çivisizkalkan (../..) zool. brill, Rhombus laevisJ Bothus rhombus. çivit bluing (used in laundering white fabrics).
    —     rengi/mavisi 1. indigo blue, indigo. 2. indigo-blue, indigo, indigo-colored, çivitağacı, -m (./...) bot. indigo plant, indigo, Indigofera tinctoria. çivitlemek hi to rinse (a white fabric) in water that contains bluing, çivitlenmek (for a white fabric) to be rinsed in water that contains bluing, çivitli 1. (water) to which bluing has been added. 2. (a white fabric) that has been rinsed in water to which bluing has been added, çivitotu, -nu (./..) 1. bot. indigo plant, indigo, Indigofera tinctoria. 2. bot. woad, Isatis tinctoria.
çivitsiz 1. (water) to which no bluing has been added. 2. (a white fabric) that has not been rinsed in water to which bluing has been added.
çiviyazısı, -m (./...) cuneiform, cuneiform writing.
çivmek prov. 1. to jump, hop. 2. to be deflected, çiy see 2çiğ.
çiysemek prov. to drizzle, çizburger (/..) cheeseburger, çizdirmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) draw (a line).
    2.    to have (s.o.) draw/sketch. 3. to have (s.o.) scratch/scarify. 4. to have (s.o.) cross out/ strike out/scratch out/cancel (s.t.). çizelge table (e.g. a multiplication table, a logarithm table), çizem diagram, plan; outline, çizemsel diagrammatic, schematic, çizenek graph.
                                                              çizer 1. cartoonist. 2. illustrator. 3. draftsman, çizerlik 1. being a cartoonist; the work of a cartoonist. 2. being an illustrator; the work of an illustrator. 3. being a draftsman; the work of a draftsman, draftsmanship, çizge diagram, graph.
çizgi
196
Çobanyıldızı
çizgi 1. üne. 2. stripe; stria, striation. 3. mark, dash. 4. scratch, scar; score. 5. line, wrinkle, furrow. 6. part (in a person’s hair). 7. line (of action/thought). 8. line, boundary, limit. — çakısı carpenter’s knife. — çekmek to draw a line. — çizgi striped. — film animated cartoon. — resim line drawing, sketch. — roman comic book, çizgilemek 111 1. to draw a line on, line. 2. to line, mark (s.t.) with lines, rule. 3. to stripe, striate.
çizgili 1. lined, with lines, ruled. 2. striped: çizgili pijama striped pajamas. 3. lined, wrinkled, furrowed. — çek Brit, crossed check.
    —  kas anat. striated muscle. — külte geol. striated rock.
çizgilik ruler, straightedge.
çizgilimercanbalığı, -ni (../......) zool. a striped
    sea bream, Pagellus mormyrus. çizgilisırtlan (../..) zool. striped hyena, Hyaena hyaena.
çizgilisinek (../..) zool. yellow-fever mosquito, tiger mosquito, Aedes aegypti. çizgisel linear.
çizgisiz 1. unlined, without lines. 2. unstriped, without stripes, nonstriated. çizi 1. line. 2. furrow (in the ground), çizici 1. draftsman, liner. 2. (tool) for drawing a line, lining. 3. one who incises opium poppies for their juice, çizik 1. lined, marked with a,line. 2. scratched, scarred; scored. 3. line. 4. scratch, scar; score.
    —      çizik 1. full of lines. 2. full of scratches, çizikli 1. lined, having lines. 2. scratched,
    scarred.
çiziktirmek hi 1. to do a quick sketch of, scribble. 2. to scribble, scrawl, dash off. çizili 1. lined, ruled. 2. drawn, sketched. 3. scratched, scarified. 4. crossed out, struck out, scratched out, canceled, çizilmek 1. (for a line) to be drawn. 2. to be drawn, be sketched. 3. to be scratched, be scarified. 4. to be crossed out, be struck out, be scratched out, be canceled, çizim 1. drawing; drafting; (a) drawing, line representation; draft. 2. geom. construction; (a) construction, geometrical figure. — aletleri drafting instruments. — masası drawing table, drafting table. — tahtası drawing board, drafting board, çizimbilim (./..) cartography, çizin ti 1. scratch, scar; score. 2. part crossed out.
çizit 1. graph. 2. design.
‘çizme high-topped boot, top boot; riding boot; cowboy boot; high-topped rubber boot, Brit. Wellington boot, Wellington; wader, wading boot. — ile tandıra girmek colloq. to be unmannerly, —den yukarı çıkmak colloq. to try to do something one is not qualified to do, try to do something one has no business doing; to try to do something that is beyond one’s capacity, go beyond one’s
    depth.
2çizme 111 1. drawing (a line). 2. drawing, sketching. 3. scratching, scarifying, scarification. 4. crossing out, striking out, scratching out, cancellation, çizmeci maker/seller of high-topped boots, çizmecilik making/selling high-topped boots, çizmek 111 1. to draw (a line). 2. to draw, sketch.
    3.    to scratch, scarify. 4. to cross out, strike out, scratch out, cancel, çizmeli (s.o.) who is wearing high-topped boots. Çoban astr. Venus.
çoban shepherd; herdsman, herder. — armağanı çamsakızı. see Çamsakızı çoban armağanı. —m gönlü olursa/olunca tekeden yağ/süt çıkarır, proverb (If a shepherd really wants to, he can get butter from a ram.) Where there’s a will there’s a way. — itikadı firm and simple faith. — kebabı a stew of meat and vegetables. — sız koyunu kurt kapar. proverb A sheep without a shepherd gets gobbled up by wolves. — köpeği sheep dog. — kulübesinde padişah rüyası görmek colloq. to have fantasies of luxury and power. — salatası a salad of onions, tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers. — taşı a large and fine diamond belonging to the Ottoman sultans, —a verme kızı, ya koyun güttürür ya kuzu, proverb 1. Don’t marry your daughter to a shepherd; he will put her to work tending the sheep. 2. Don’t entrust a delicate matter to someone lacking in finesse, çobanaldatan (./...) zool. goatsucker, nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus. çobançantası, -ni (./...) bot. shepherd’s purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris. çobandağarcığı, -ni (./....) bot. pennycress, Thlaspi arvense. çobandeğneği, -ni (./...) 1. shepherd’s staff, crook. 2. bot. knotgrass, Polygonum avicu-lare.
çobandüdüğü, -nü (./...) bot. asarabacca, hazel wort, Asarum europaeum. çobaniğnesi, -ni (./...) a geranium with scented leaves, çobankalkıtan (./...) bot. star thistle, Centau-rea calcitrapa. çobanlama lit. pastoral, çobanlık 1. occupation of a shepherd. 2. shepherd’s pay. — etmek to work as a shepherd, çobanmayası, -m (./...) milkwort, bot. Polygala vulgaris.
çobanmerhemi, -ni (./...) a salve made of tallow and turpentine, çobanpüskülü, -nü (./...) bot. holly, Ilex. çobanpüskülügiller (./.....) bot. Aquifoliaceae. çobansüzgeci, -ni (./...) bot. bedstraw, cleavers, Galium. çobantarağı, -ni (./...) bot. shepherd’s needle, lady’s-comb, Scandix pectenveneris. çobantuzluğu, -nu (./...) bot. barberry, Berber is vulgaris.
Çobanyıldızı, -m (./...) astr. Venus.
çocuğumsu
çocuğumsu childish.
çocuk 1. child, infant. 2. childish. Ç—lar! colloq. Hey, you all! —tan al haberi .proverb A child will tell the truth. — aldırmak to have an abortion. — arabası baby carriage, baby buggy, Brit, pram, perambulator. — bahçesi 1. children’s playground. 2. playpen.
       bakıcısı baby-sitter, sitter. — bakımı child care. — beyin inmesi path, cerebral palsy. — bezi diaper. — büyütmek to bring up children. — canlısı fond of children. — dili child’s language. — doğurmak to give birth to a child. — doktoru pediatrician. — düşe kalka büyür, proverb (A child grows up by falling down and getting up.) A child learns by experience. — düşüren med. abortive. — düşürme abortion, miscarriage. — düşürmek to have an abortion. Ç— Esirgeme Kurumu Society for the Protection of Children. — felci path polio, infantile paralysis. — gibi 1. in a childish manner. 2. childlike. — hastalığı children’s disease.
   —   işi colloq. a simple matter, child’s play, —a iş buyuran ardınca kendi gider, proverb If you give a child a job to do, don’t expect it to be done properly; you’ll usually end up by having to do it yourself. — mahkemesi juvenile court. — maması baby food.
   —   odası (children’s) nursery. — olmak colloq. to become childish. — u olmak Iml to have a child, give birth to a child. —u olmaz barren, unable to have a child. — oyuncağı
   1. toy. 2. colloq. child’s play; matter of no consequence. — oyuncağı haline getirmek III colloq. to neglect (a project) (because one regards it as unimportant). — peydahlamak (for an unmarried woman) to become pregnant. — yapmak to produce a child, have a child. —un yediği helal, giydiği haram. proverb Money spent on food for a child is well spent; if spent for his clothing it is wasted. — yetiştirmek to bring up children.
   —   yuvası nursery school. — zammı child allowance.
çocukbilim (./..) pedology, paidology. çocukbilimci (./...) pedologist, paidologist. çocukcağız colloq. poor little child, çocukça (./.) 1. childish (act). 2. childishly, çocuklaşmak to become childish; to enter one’s second childhood, çocuklu having children, çocukluk 1. childhood. 2. childishness; folly.
   —      etmek (—u tutmak) to act childishly, çocuksu childish.
çocuksuz childless, çocuksuzluk childlessness, çoğalma 1. increase, augmentation, becoming abundant. 2. multiplication, proliferation, ^growing in number, çoğalmak 1. to increase, augment; to become many, become abundant, become plentiful, become greater. 2. to multiply, proliferate, grow in number.
                                                                                                         çok
çoğaltım 1. increase, increasing, augmentation, making greater. 2. multiplication, proliferation, increasing the number of. 3. duplication, making multiple copies of (s.t.). çoğaltma hi 1. increase, increasing, augmentation, making (s.t.) greater. 2. multiplication, proliferation, increasing the number of. 3. duplication, making multiple copies of (s.t.). — makinesi duplicating machine, duplicator, çoğaltmak hi 1. to increase, augment, make (s.t.) greater. 2. to multiply, proliferate, increase the number of. 3. to reproduce, duplicate, make multiple copies of. çoğu, -nu (/.) 1. most, most of. 2. mostly, usually. 3. /dan/ more than. — gitti, azı kaldı. colloq. Most of it is over, the end is near.
    —  kez/zaman usually. — zarar, azı karar. proverb (Too much is a loss; a little is enough.) It is always good to be moderate.
çoğul gram, plural. — ekleri plural endings, çoğulcu sociol. 1. pluralistic. 2. (a) pluralist, çoğulculuk sociol. pluralism, çoğullamak hi gram., see çoğullaştırmak, çoğullaştırmak hi gram, to pluralize. çoğulluk gram, plural form, plurality, çoğumsamak hi to consider (s.t.) to be too much/too many, çoğun (/.) often.
çoğunca (/..) 1. most (of). 2. mostly, çoğunluk majority.
                                                            çoğunlukla (../.) 1. with a majority of votes.
    2. usually.
çoğurcuk zool. starling, Sturnus vulgaris. çok 1. much; many, a lot of, lots of, plenty of. 2. often, long (time). 3. very. 4. very much. 5. poly-, —tan long since, a long time ago. —tan beri (—tandır) for a long time (now). — bilen çok yanılır, proverb (He/She who knows a lot is often wrong.) A person who always volunteers an opinion is often wrong. — bilmiş 1. clever, smart. 2. cunning, crafty. — çok at most, at the very most. — defa 1. often, frequently. 2. many times. — fazla far too much. — geçmeden before long, soon. — gelmek /a/ 1. to be too much (for). 2. to become too much for (s.o.) to take. — gezen çok bilir, proverb One who travels a lot knows a lot. — gitmek to go too far.
    —  görmek 1. hi to consider (s.t.) to be too much. 2. /i, a/ to begrudge (s.o.) (s.t.). — havlayan köpek ısırmaz, proverb A barking dog doesn’t bite. — işeme path, polyuria. —a kalmaz before long. — katlı multistory. — katlı bina multistory building. — kere/kez 1. often, frequently. 2. many times. — koşan çabuk yorulur, proverb (One who runs a lot gets tired fast.) Overexertion does not make for good work. — laf yalansız, çok para/mal haramsız olmaz. proverb, see Çok söz yalansız, çok para/mal haramsız olmaz, —a mal olmak to cost a lot. — naz âşık usandırır, prov-
çokal                                               198
   erb If you behave too coyly you will lose your lover. — okuyan bilmez, çok gezen bilir, proverb, see Çok yaşayan bilmez, çok gezen bilir. — olmak colloq. to go too far, overstep the limit, —a oturmak colloq. to cost a lot. — söylemek to talk too much. — söyleyen çok yanılır, proverb, see Çok bilen çok yanılır. — söz yalansız, çok para/mal haramsız olmaz, proverb You can’t talk all the time without lying some, and you can’t get rich without wronging others. — sürmez. colloq. It won’t last long. — şey! colloq.
   How strange!/What an odd business! — şükür! Thank God! — taraflı law multilateral. —a varmaz soon, before long. — yanlı see çok yönlü. — yaşa! 1. Bless you!/Ge-sundheit! (said when s.o. has sneezed). 2.
    Bless you! (said to s.o. with whom one is highly pleased). — yaşayan bilmez, çok gezen bilir, proverb One does not learn by living long but by traveling widely. — yönlü versatile, many-sided, çokal coat of mail, plate armor, çokallı in armor, çokamaçlı (/...) multipurpose, çokanlamlı (/...) ling, polysemous, multi-sense, çokanlamlılık (/....) ling, polysemy, çokayaklılar (/....) zool. Myriopoda. çokbiçimli (/...) polymorphic, çokbiçimlilik (/....) polymorphism, çokboyutlu (/...) multidimensional, çokça somewhat abundant, a good many, çokçu phil. pluralist, çokçuluk phil. pluralism, çokdüzlemli (/...) geom. polyhedral, çokeşli (/..) polygamous, çokeşlilik (/...) polygamy, çokfazlı (/..) phys. polyphasal, polyphase, çokgen geom. polygon, çokgözeli (/...) biol. multicellular. çokheceli (/...) polysyllabic, çokhücreli (/...) biol. multicellular. çokkarılı (/...) polygynous. çokkarılılık (/....) polygyny, polygamy, çokkocalı (/...) polyandrous. çokkocalılık (/....) polyandry, çoklaşmak to become numerous, increase, çoklu multi-. — arama comp, multi-word search. — bağlantı fin. multicollinearity.
   —   erişim comp, multiaccess. — işlemci comp, multiprocessor. — kullanıcı comp. multiuser.
                                                             çokluk 1. abundance, a large number. 2. majority. 3. gram, plurality. 4. often; mostly.
    —      eki gram, plural ending, çokparmaklı (/...) 1. polydactyl, polydactyle,
    polydactylous. 2. (a) polydactyl, çokparmaklılık (/....) polydactyly, polydac-tylism.
çokrağan prov. copious spring, çokramak prov. to boil violently, çokrenkli (/..) many-colored, multicolored, multicolor, parti-colored, polychrome.
                                                                                               çorapçı
çokrenklilik (/...) being multicolored, poly-chromy.
çoksamak /i/ to consider (s.t.) to be too much/ too many.
çoksatar (/..) 1. best seller. 2. best-selling, çoksesli (/..) mus., ling, polyphonic, çokseslilik (/...) mus., ling, polyphony, çoktanrıcı (/...) polytheist, çoktanrıcılık (/....) polytheism, çoktanrılı (/...) polytheistic, çoktasım (/..) poly syllogism, çokterimli (/...) algebra polynomial, çokuluslu (/...) multinational. — şirket multinational company, çokyeme (/..) polyphagia, çokyıllık (/..) bot. perennial, çokyüzlü (/..) geom. 1. polyhedral. 2. polyhedron.
çolak having one arm missing/paralyzed; crippled in one hand, çolaklık not having the use of one hand/arm. çolpa 1. obs. lame, crippled. 2. prov. clumsy, awkward.
                                                          çolpalık 1. obs. lameness, crippledness. 2. prov.
   clumsiness, awkwardness.
Çolpan astr. Venus.
çoluk çocuk (./ ..) 1. household, family, wife and children, kit and caboodle. 2. children, pack of children, —a karışmak to get married and have children. — sahibi having a family.
çolun prov. landing net (used in fishing), çomak 1. cudgel, truncheon; short thick stick.
   2. the larger of two drumsticks. 3. stick, bat, catstick (in tipcat).
çomakcan biol. bacterium. — durduran bacteriostatic. — işeme path, bacteriuria. — yiyen bacteriophage, çomakcankıran bactericide, çomakkurtlar (./..) zool. Rhabditidae. çomakparmak (./..) clubbed finger, çomar 1. mastiff, large watchdog. 2. prov. hornless sheep. 3. slang old tavern-keeper, çopra 1. fishbone. 2. thicket; a thick reedbed. çoprabalığı, -m (./...) zool. loach, Cobitis. çopur 1. pockmarked. 2. pockmarks, çopurina (../.) zool. a picarel. çopurluk being pockmarked, çor prov. 1. disease, illness. 2. murrain, anthrax, çorak 1. barren, arid. 2. brackish, bitter (water).
   3. impervious clay used for spreading on flat roofs of houses. 4. saltpeter, potassium nitrate.
çoraklaşmak to become barren/arid, çoraklaştırmak /ı/ to render (land) barren/arid, çoraklık 1. barrenness, aridity. 2. brackishness, çorap stocking, sock, hose. — bağı garter. — kaçmak for a stocking to run, Brit, to ladder.
   —     makinesi stocking loom, knitting machine. — söküğü gibi colloq. one following the other in rapid succession, easily and quickly. — şişi knitting needle, çorapçı maker/seller of stockings, hosier.
çorapçılık
çorapçılık the hosiery business.
çorba 1. soup. 2. colloq. mess, jumble, muddle.
   —   arpası bruised barley used for soups.
   —ya döndürmek III colloq. to make a mess (0f). — ya dönmek colloq. to become a mess.
   —   etmek hi colloq., see çorbaya döndürmek. — gibi colloq. messed up. — içmeye çağırmak III colloq. to invite (s.o.) to a meal.
   —   kaşığı tablespoon, —da tuzu bulunmak (—da maydanozu olmak) colloq. to make a contribution, however small.
çorbacı 1. maker and seller of soup. 2. hist. Christian notable in Turkish towns. 3. naut., the form of address used by sailors when addressing the ship’s owner. 4. slang boss.
   5.     hist, a colonel in the Janissary corps, çorbacılık making and selling soup, çorbalık suitable for making soup, çorlu prov. diseased, ill. çortan prov., see çörten. çortun prov., see çörten. çotira (./.) zool. triggerfish, Balistes capriscus. çotra (/.) flat wooden bottle, çotuk prov. 1. tree stump. 2. stock of a vine, çotur colloq. flat (nose); flat-nosed, çöğmek prov. 1. to descend gradually. 2. to urinate.
çöğüncek prov. seesaw, çöğünmek prov. to seesaw.
‘çöğür Turk. mus. a lute-like instrument. 2çöğür prov. 1. bot. eryngo, Eryngium. 2. seedling-
çöğürcü Turk. mus. player of a ‘çöğür, çökek prov. 1. low spot, hollow. 2. bog, marsh, swamp. 3. reedbed. 4. sediment, deposit; precipitate.
çökel 1. prov. sediment. 2. chem. precipitate, çökelek 1. cheese made of skim milk or yogurt curds. 2. chem. precipitate, çökelme chem. precipitation, çökelmek chem. to precipitate, çökelti chem. precipitate, çökeltmek III chem. to precipitate, make (a sub-^ stance) precipitate, çökermek hi prov. to make (a camel) kneel down.
çökerti geol. 1. sedimentation. 2. sediment, ‘çökertme hi making (s.t.) collapse.
2çökertme a fishing net that is lowered flat into the water and drawn up by its comers ^ when it is full of fish, çökertmek hi 1. prov. to make (a camel) kneel down. 2. to make (s.t.) collapse. 3. colloq. " to destroy (s.o.’s) morale, çokken dilapidated.
çökkün 1. broken down, collapsed. 2. psych.
   depressed, çokkünleten psych, depressive, çökkünlük breakdown; depression. — giderici antidepressive. — gidericiler antidepressive agents.
çökme 1. collapse, collapsing, falling down. 2. caving in, sinking in, falling in, giving way.
                                                                                                          çömlek
                                                                çökmek 1. to collapse, fall down. 2. to cave in, sink in, fall in, give way. 3. to squat down.
    4. /a/ to collapse on (the floor, ground, etc.); to sink into, fall into (a chair, couch, etc.).
    5. (for a camel, cow, etc.) to kneel down and sit. 6. (for one’s cheeks) to become hollow; (for one’s eyes) to become sunken. 7. (for one’s shoulders) to become round. 8. /a/ (for fog) to settle in; (for smoke) to cover (a place). 9. (for sediment) to settle, settle out. 10. to become decrepit (from age/sickness). 11. (for a country, regime, etc.) to collapse, fall, come to an end. 12.7a/ (for a feeling, sensation, etc.) to descend upon, descend on, weigh down on (s.o./a place). 13. (for darkness/night) to fall, descend. 14. mil. to collapse, give way.
                                                                çöktürme hi 1. collapsing, making (s.t./s.o.) collapse. 2. settling, making (a substance) settle.
    —     havuzu settling basin, çöktürmek hi 1. to make (s.t./s.o.) collapse. 2.
    to settle, make (a substance) settle, çökük 1. collapsed, fallen in. 2. hollow (cheeks);
    sunken (eyes). 3. round (shoulders), çöküklük 1. cave-in. 2. hollowness (of cheeks); sunkenness (of eyes). 3. roundness (of the shoulders).
                                                                çöküm 1. collapse, collapsing, falling down. 2.
                                                                caving in, sinking in, falling in, giving way. çöküntü 1. debris, wreckage. 2. sediment, deposit. 3. subsidence (of land); depression. 4. psych, depression, çöküş 1. collapse, collapsing, falling down. 2. caving in, sinking in, falling in, giving way.
    3.    squatting down. 4. kneeling and sitting down (of a camel, cow, etc.). 5. collapse/ fall (of a country, regime, etc.). çöküşmek /a/ to gather together around; (for birds) to flock in (a field/a meadow), çöl desert; wasteland, wilderness. —e dönmek to turn into wasteland, çölfaresi, -ni (/—..) zool. jerboa, Dipus. çölleşme desertification, çölleşmek to lose top soil and become desert, çöllük 1. containing many tracts of desert. 2.
    arid, barren, çölsıçanı, -m (/...) zool., see çölfaresi. çöltilkisi, -ni (/...) zool. fennec, Fennecus zerda. çömçe prov. wooden ladle, çömelme squatting down, çömelmek to squat down, çömeltmek hi to have (s.o.) squat down, çömez 1. one who follows blindly in his master’s ways. 2. formerly poor theology student who served his teacher in return for board and tuition.
                                                                çömezlik 1. blind devotion, uncritical obedience.
    2.    formerly serving one’s theology teacher in return for board and tuition, çömlek earthenware pot. — hesabı colloq. 1. crude and untrustworthy calculation. 2. crude piece of work. — kebabı meat roasted in an earthenware pot.
çömlekçi
çömlekçi 1. potter, maker of pottery. 2. seller of pottery. — çamuru/kili potter’s clay, potter’s earth. — suyu saksıdan içer, proverb (A potter drinks water from a flowerpot.) A person uses what is handy, çömlekçikuşu, -nu (../..) zool. baker bird, hor-nero, Furnarius rujus. çömlekçikuşugiller (../....) zool. Furnariidae. çömlekçilik 1. being a potter; making pottery, pottery. 2. being a seller of pottery; selling pottery.
çömmek /a/ prov. to squat down on. çöngül prov. small swamp, çöp, -pü 1. garbage (especially animal/vegetable refuse); trash, rubbish. 2. litter, trash.
   3. matchstick. 4. very small twig; chip of wood. 5. stalk/stem (of a fruit). 6. piece of refuse (found in unlooked dry rice, chickpeas, etc.). 7. comp, garbage, trash. — arabası garbage truck, Brit, dustcart. — atlamamak colloq. not to miss the slightest thing; to be very attentive. — atlamaz colloq. meticulous, punctilious, —ten çelebi colloq. very thin person, —ten direk colloq. unsound undertaking. — e dönmek colloq. to get very thin, turn to skin and bones. — dubası garbage scow. — gibi colloq. very thin, as thin as a rail. — kalem a stonecutter’s chisel. — kamyonu garbage truck, Brit. dustcart. — kebabı pieces of meat grilled on skewers of wood and then cooked lightly.
   —  konteyneri dumpster. — kutusu garbage container; trash container; Brit, dustbin; wastebasket, Brit, wastebin, wastepaper basket. — makinesi/öğütücüsü garbage-dis-posal unit, disposal unit, disposal, disposer.
   —  sepeti wastebasket, Brit, wastebin, wastepaper basket. — şiş' 1. thin skewer. 2. a kabob made by grilling over charcoal very small cubes of meat that have been affixed to a thin skewer. — tenekesi garbage can; trash can; Brit, dustbin.
çöpçatan matchmaker, person who acts as a go-between for two people who wish to marry.
çöpçatanlık matchmaking, acting as a go-between for two people who wish to marry, çöpçü 1. garbageman, Brit, dustman. 2. street sweeper, street cleaner, person whose job is to sweep the streets and sidewalks, çöpleme bot. hellebore, Helleborus. çöplenmek /dan/ colloq. 1. to nibble on, snack on (a food). 2. to get a little profit out of, get a little something out of. çöplü (a fruit) whose stem/stalk has not been removed; (dry rice, chickpeas, etc.) which contains/contain refuse, which has/have not been looked, çöplük garbage dump, dump, Brit, refuse tip, tip; refuse heap. — horozu colloq. philanderer who is unconcerned about the beauty/ ugliness of the women he pursues, çöpsüz (a fruit) whose stem/stalk has been re-
200                                              çözülme
                              moved; (dry rice, chickpeas, etc.) which contains/contain no refuse, which has/have been looked. — üzüm colloq. 1. a spouse who has no close relatives to plague one. 2. a good deal, easy and profitable enterprise, çöpür prov. 1. combings, cardings. 2. mohair, hair of the Angora goat, çörçil (/.) mil. a kind of boot, çördük bot. 1. hyssop, Hyssopus officinalis. 2.
         wild pear, Pyrus pyraster. çörek 1. a round/ring-shaped/braided cookie or bread roll (usually sweet). 2. disk-shaped object. 3. astr. disk. 4. naut. loop at the end of a rope. 5. life buoy made of rope, çörekçi maker/seller of çörek, çörekçilik making/selling çörek, çöreklenmek 1. (for a snake) to coil up. 2. to settle down and stay. 3. /da/ (for a feeling) to settle in.
      çöreklik (ingredients) good for making cookies or bread rolls, çörekotu, -nu (./..) see çöreotu. çöreotu, -nu (./..) 1. bot. black cumin, Nigella sativa. 2. (a) black cumin seed, çörkü abacus.
                              çörten prov. 1. waterspout, rainspout; gargoyle.
         2. gutter (for rainwater); open conduit (made of wood/tin).
      çörtü prov. hopper chute (in a gristmill), ‘çöven bot. soapwort, Saponaria officinalis. 2çöven 1. polo mallet. 2. polo, çöz prov. 1. large intestine (of an animal). 2.
         intestinal fat (of an animal), çözdürmek /ı, a/1. to have (s.o.) untie/unfasten (s.t.). 2. to have (s.o.) solve (a problem), çözelti chem. (liquid) solution, çözgen chem. 1. solvent, (s.t.) which acts as a solvent. 2. (a) solvent, çözgü 1. weaving warp; warp thread. 2. striped cotton sheeting. 3. math, problem, çözgülemek 1. hi to warp (a loom). 2. to separate the warp threads, çözgülü 1. warped (loom). 2. separated into warp threads, çözgün 1. untied, unfastened. 2. disentangled.
         3. slushy (snow). 4. dissolved, dispersed; gone.
                              çözme 1. untying, unfastening. 2. unraveling, disentangling. 3. solving (a problem, puzzle, etc.). 4. sheeting, a kind of muslin, çözmek hi 1. to untie, unfasten, unbutton. 2. to unravel, disentangle, undo (a knot). 3. to solve (a problem, puzzle, etc.). 4. to dissolve.
         5. to thaw.
                              çözücü 1. Ill (s.t.) which can solve (a problem).
         2. chem. solvent, (s.t.) which acts as a solvent. 3. chem. (a) solvent.
      çözük 1. loose, untied, unfastened. 2. unraveled, disentangled, çözülme 1. becoming untied/unfastened/undone/ unraveled/disentangled. 2. becoming solved.
         3. beginning to thaw. 4. disintegration, dissolution. 5. mil. disengagement, withdrawal
 çözülmek
   from the field of battle, çözülmek 1. to be untied; to be unfastened; to be undone; to be unraveled; to be disentangled. 2. to be solved. 3. to begin to thaw.
   4.    to disintegrate, dissolve. 5. mil. (for an army) to begin to withdraw from the field of battle. 6. (for one’s hand/foot/arm/leg) to become weak. 7. slang to run away, beat it. 8. slang to tell what one knows, squeal, çözülüm 1. becoming untied/unfastened/undone/ unraveled/disentangled. 2. becoming solved.
   3. beginning to thaw. 4. disintegration, dissolution. 5. mil. disengagement, withdrawal
* from the field of battle. 6. mus. resolution, çözülüş 1. becoming untied/unfastened/undone/ unraveled/disentangled; way of being untied/ unfastened/undone/unraveled/disentangled. 2. becoming solved; way of being solved. 3. beginning to thaw; way of beginning to thaw.
   4. disintegration, dissolution; way of disintegration/dissolution. 5. mil. disengagement, withdrawal from the field of battle; way in which a disengagement is carried out. 6. mus. resolution; way of resolving music. 1. fiction denouement; resolution.
çözüm 1. solution (to a problem). 2. math, solution. 3. fiction denouement; resolution. — yolu solution (to a problem), çözümbilim (./..) see güdümbilim. çözümleme analysis, çözümlemek hi to analyze, çözümlemeli analytic, analytical, pertaining to analysis, çözümlenmek to be analyzed, çözümleyici 1. analyst. 2. analyzer, instrument used for analysis. 3. analytic, analytical, pertaining to analysis. — felsefe analytical philosophy. — yöntem analytic method, çözümsel analytic, analytical, pertaining to analysis. — geometri analytic geometry. — kimya analytical chemistry. — ruhbilim analytic psychology. — uzambilgisi analytic geometry, çözündürmek hi to dissolve (s.t.). çözünmek 1. to dissolve. 2. to decompose.
   çözünmüş oksijen dissolved oxygen, çözüntü 1. ravelings. 2. fragment of ice floating in a river. 3. debacle. 4. disintegration, breaking up. çözünürlük 1. comp, resolution. 2. chem. solubility.
çözüşme chem. dissociation, çözüşmek chem. to dissociate, çubuk 1. rod, bar. 2. wand, staff. 3. the smaller of two drumsticks. 4. long-stemmed tobacco pipe, chibouk. 5. young branch, shoot, twig; sapling. 6. stripe/rib in cloth. 7. naut. upper mast. — aşısı hort. graft. — demiri iron cast as rods/bars. — içmek to smoke a long pipe. — takımı mouthpiece of a tobacco pipe, —unu tüttürmek/tellendirmek
   1.    to smoke one’s pipe. 2. to take it easy, çubukçu maker/seller of long-stemmed tobacco
 201                                             çultar
    pipes.
çubuklamak hi 1. to beat (a carpet, cushion, etc.) with a stick. 2. to fluff up (a mattress, pillow, cotton, etc.) with a stick, çubuklu 1. having rods/bars, barred. 2. striped, ribbed (cloth), çubukluk formerly cupboard for tobacco pipes, çuha broadcloth.
çuhacı weaver/seller of broadcloth, çuhacılık weaving/selling broadcloth, çuhaçiçeği, -ni (./...) hot. primrose, Primula vulgaris.
çuhaçiçeğigiller (./....) bot. Primulaceae.
çuhadar hist, lackey, footman, çuhçuh child’s language choochoo (train), çuka zool. sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus. çukur 1. pit, hole; hollow, depression; dent; cavity. 2. low; depressed; hollow; concave.
    3. cesspool. 4. dimple. 5. colloq. (a) grave.
    6.    slang *asshole, anus. — açmak to dig a pit/a hole, —unu kazmak Iml colloq. to plot against (s.o.). çukurcuk small cavity; dimple, çukurlanmak see çukurlaşmak, çukurlaşmak to be dented; to become bowl -shaped; to be pushed down so as to form a hollow.
çukurlatmak 111 1. to pit; to open a pit in. 2.
    to depress, make (s.t.) concave, çukurlu having low spots; pitted; dented, çukurluk 1. hollow shape, concavity. 2. place abounding in pits. 3. geog. depression, çul 1. haircloth. 2. horsecloth. 3. colloq. clothes.
    —  çaput colloq. 1. worn-out clothes. 2. cloth. — çuval haircloth sack. — u düzmek/ düzeltmek colloq. 1. to become well-dressed. 2. to become well-off. — içinde aslan yatar. proverb (There can be a lion under an old sack.) It’s wrong to judge a person by his clothes. — u tutmak colloq. to grow rich.
    —     tutmaz colloq. spendthrift, thriftless, çulaki a coarse cloth.
çulha 1. weaver. 2. prov. loom. — çukuru pit under a loom. — tarağı weaver’s reed, sley.
    —     tezgâhı handloom. çulhakuşu, -nu (./..) zool. penduline titmouse,
    Parus pendulinus. çullama 1. hi covering (a horse) with a horsecloth. 2. prov. dish of meat covered with dough; meat pie. çullamak hi to cover (a horse) with a horsecloth.
çullanmak 1. to be covered with a horsecloth.
    2. /a/ to jump on, attack (s.o.) (physically).
    3. /a/ to jump on, attack, snipe at (s.o.) (with questions, accusations, etc.).
çullu covered with a horsecloth, çulluk zool. woodcock, Scolopax rusticola. çullukgiller zool. Scolopacidae.
Çulpan astr. Venus.
çulsuz 1. having no horsecloth. 2. colloq. poor, penniless.
çultar prov. heavy cloth placed over a saddle
çurçur                                               202
   for protection, çurçur 1. zool. corkwing, corkwing wrasse, Crenilabrus melops. 2. colloq. unimportant, worthless.
çurçurcu slang gambler who has little money, çuşka (/.) red pepper, chili pepper, chili, çuval 1. sack. 2. slang fat (person). — bezi sacking, sackcloth, hessian. — gibi 1. rough (material). 2. colloq. loose, untidy (clothes), çuvalcı 1. maker/seller of sacks. 2. bagger (of farm products), çuvaldız packing needle, çuvallamak 1. N to sack, put (things) in a sack.
   2. slang to fail the class. 3. slang to be at a loss about what to say/do.
Çuvaş 1. (a) Chuvash. 2. Chuvash, of the Chuvash people or the Chuvash language.
Çuvaşça (./.) 1. Chuvash, the Chuvash language. 2. (speaking/writing) in, Chuvash, Chuvash. 3. Chuvash (speech/writing); spoken in Chuvash; written in Chuvash, çük, -kü vulg. (little boy’s) penis, çükündür prov. beet.
çükür prov. a kind of mattock (with ax and hoe blades), çünki (/.) see çünkü, çünkü (/.) because.
çürük 1. rotten, decayed. 2. not well made, unstable, not up to specifications. 3. without a reasonable basis, unfounded; untenable. 4. bruise, discoloration, black-and-blue spot. 5. knothole (in a plank/a board/timber). 6. slang whore, prostitute. — akçe see çürük para.
   —   çarık worn-out; dilapidated. — e çıkarmak h! 1. mil. to discharge (a soldier) as unfit for duty. 2. colloq. to discard (s.t.) as useless. — çıkmak (—e çıkmak) 1. mil. (for a soldier) to be discharged as unfit for duty.
                                                                                               Çvş.
     2. colloq. to be discarded as useless. — gaz auto, exhaust fumes. — iple kuyuya inilmez. proverb (It isn’t good to let yourself down a well with a rotten rope.) You can’t undertake anything with a person who is not reliable. — istim excess steam. — para worthless coin. — su naut. dead water. — tahta çivi tutmaz, proverb (A rotten board won’t hold nails.) When something is beyond repair it is no use trying to fix it. — tahtaya basmak colloq. to fall into a trap. — vesikası mil. certificate of disability. — yumurta rotten egg. — zemin arch, bad soil, bad ground, soft ground, loose soil, poor soil, çürükçe 1. somewhat rotten. 2. path, gangrene, çürükçeleşmek to become gangrenous, çürükçül 1. saprophyte. 2. saprophytic, çürüklük 1. rottenness, rot, decay. 2. garbage dump. 3. slang graveyard, çürüme 1. rotting, rot, decaying, decay, putrefaction. 2. being bruised, being discolored, 'çürümek 1. to rot, decay, putrefy, go bad. 2. to become worn-out/unsound. 3. to become infirm (because of aging); to lose one’s vitality. 4. (for an argument/a claim) to be refuted, be proved unsound. 5. to be bruised, be discolored, çürütme 1. decomposition. 2. rebuttal, refutation. — çukuru cesspool, cesspit; septic tank.
  çürütmek /ı/ 1. to make (s.t.) decay. 2. to season, age (meat). 3. to rebut, refute (another’s argument).
                           çürütülmek 1. to be allowed to decay. 2. to be rebutted, be refuted, be proved unsound, çüş 1. Whoa! (said to stop a donkey). 2. vulg.
     You fool!/You ass! 3. vulg. What asininity! Çvş. (abbr. for Çavuş) Sgt. (Sergeant).
D
D 1. the letter D. 2. chem. D (deuterium). 3. mus. D (the second note in the scale of C major or the key based on this note). 4. D (the Roman numeral symbol for 500).
   —   günü mil. D-day, D day. — vitamini vitamin D.
D. \. (abbr. for Devlet) State; Gov., Govt. (Government). 2. (abbr. for Daire) Apt. (Apartment); Dep., Dept. (Department). 3. (abbr. for Demokrat, Demokratik) D., Dem. (Democrat, Democratic). d. 1. (abbr. for dakika) m., min. (minute, minutes). 2. (abbr. for derece) d., deg. (degree, degrees), da 1. too, also. 2. and (an intensive). 3. both, and. 4. used to add emphasis to a scornful/ sarcastic remark: Kitap yazmak da iş mi? As if writing books would be called work!
   5.  He/She kept on ... (expression of repetitiousness/perseverance). 6. ... stamped his/ her feet and said (expression of insistence).
   7.     and, and then, so; but. 8. but anyhow, even though. 9. It is enough that .... dadacı 1. (a) Dadaist. 2. Dadaistic, dadacılık Dadaism, Dada, dadaist, -ti see dadacı, dadaizm see dadacılık, dadandırmak /ı, a/ to cause/allow (s.o./an animal) to get fond of (s.t.); to cause/allow (s.o./an animal) to frequent (a place), dadanmak /a/ to become fond of, develop a liking for (s.t.); to begin to frequent (a place) (often used pejoratively). dadaş (used in eastern Anatolia) 1. brother. 2.
   young man, youth. D—! Hey you! dadı nursemaid, nurse, Brit, nanny, dadılık being a nursemaid, nursemaiding, Brit. nannying. — etmek /a/ to look after (a child).
*dağ 1. mountain. 2. heap, mound. — adamı colloq. man completely lacking in refinement. —lar anası colloq. huge woman. — ardında olsun da, yer altında olmasın. proverb (Let him/her be beyond the mountain, but not under the ground.) It is better that he/she be far away than dead and gone.
   —   ayısı colloq. country bumpkin, yokel, lout, —da bağın var, yüreğinde dağın var, proverb (If you have a vineyard in the hills you have a brand in your heart.) 1. A person with possessions is afraid that he/she will lose them. 2. A person with possessions is free from worry. 3. A person whose dear one is
far away suffers anxiety. — başı 1. mountain top, summit. 2, colloq. remote place, place that is far removed from a town/a city. 3. colloq. wild and lawless place. — başından duman eksik olmaz, proverb (A mountain top is never free of fog.) Important people are never free from worry. — başına kış gelir, insanın başına iş gelir, proverb People will have troubles as surely as mountains will have snow, —da büyümüş colloq. uncouth, coarse, unrefined, —a çıkmak to become an outlaw (who lives in the mountains); to take to the mountains in order to escape the law.
—   dağa kavuşmaz, insan insana kavuşur. proverb (Mountains don’t meet; men do.) People can always reunite someday. — dağ üstüne olur, ev ev üstüne olmaz, proverb You can put one mountain on another more easily than you can put two families in one house, —lari devirmek colloq. to accomplish Herculean tasks. — doğura doğura bir fare doğurmuş, colloq. (After a prolonged labor the mountain gave birth to a mouse.) Our expectations were built up only to be let down in a big way. — lara düşmek colloq. to lose everything, be destitute and homeless; to wander around in sorrow and bewilderment. — eteği 1. the skirt of a mountain. 2. piedmont. — geçidi mountain pass. —larm gelin anası colloq. bear, —dan gelip bağdakini kovmak colloq. for an upstart to come in and try to oust the old -timers, —dan gelmiş colloq. uncouth, loutish, —da gez, belde gez, insafı elden bırakma, proverb (Wander through the mountains and cross the passes but don’t abandon mercy.) Even if you are a bandit in the mountains don’t refuse to exercise mercy, —/—lar gibi colloq. 1. huge, tall and hulking. 2. in a huge pile; in huge piles. —/ —lar kadar colloq. 1. a mountain of, a huge quantity of. 2. greatly, very much, —a kaldırmak h! to take (s.o.) forcibly to a remote place. — kitlesi geol. massif. — daki kuşun kırkı bir akçeye, proverb (Birds not yet caught are forty for a penny.) It is easy to boast, —larm misafir aldığı mevsim colloq. summer. — savaşı mountain warfare. — sırtı ridge of a mountain. — silsilesi mountain range, —larm şenliği colloq. bear. — taş colloq. 1. all around, as far as the eye can see, everywhere. 2. a huge quantity of, a mountain of. 3. in a huge quantity, —lara
  2dağ
   taşlara! God preserve us from it! (expression used when a calamity is mentioned). — yürümezse, abdal yürür, proverb Since the mountain isn’t coming to the dervish, the dervish will go to the mountain.
2dağ 1. brand (made by a hot iron). 2. med. sear (produced by cauterization). 3. grief, anguish.
dağakçaağacı, -m (/.....) bot. sycamore maple, Acer pseudo-platanus. dağalası, -ni (/...) zool. salmon trout, Salmo trutta.
dağar 1. earthen vessel with a wide top. 2.
                                                          leather pouch, dağarcık 1. leather pouch (carried over the shoulder by shepherds and hunters). 2. colloq. store of knowledge/information. 3. colloq., mus. repertoire. — ma atmak /ı/ colloq.
   1. to store (s.t.) away (in one’s memory). 2. to accept (a hard remark) without protest; to swallow (an insult) without protest. — ta bir şey kalmamak colloq. 1. to have used up all that one has. 2. to have run out of things to say. — lndakini çıkarmak colloq. to say something that one has prepared in one’s mind in advance. — ı yüklü colloq. (s.o.) who knows a lot, who is very knowledgeable.
dağaslam, -m (/...) zool. cougar, puma, mountain Hon, Felis concolor. dağbilgisi, -ni (/...) orography, orology. dağcı mountain climber, mountaineer, dağcılık mountain climbing, mountaineering, dağçileği, -ni (/...) 1. bot. eastern strawberry tree, Arbutus andrachne; strawberry tree, Arbutus unedo. 2. the fruit of the strawberry tree.
dağdağa tumult, turmoil, confusion, dağdağalı tumultuous, noisy, confused, dağdım 1. being scattered. 2. distribution. 3. chem. dispersion. 4. disintegration. — ortamı chem. dispersion medium. — yasası math. distributive principle, distributive law. dağılış 1. being scattered. 2. disintegration. 3. distribution (of population); dispersal, range (of an animal or plant species), dağılma 1. being scattered; dispersion. 2. mil. dispersion (of troops/projectiles). 3. disintegration. — sahası mil. dispersal area, dağılmak 1. to scatter, become scattered; to disperse; to dissipate. 2. (for a meeting) to break up; (for school) to let out; (for an association) to dissolve, come to an end. 3. to disintegrate, fall to pieces; to spall, spall off, spall away. 4. to become messy, get untidy. Dağılın! 1. mil. Dismissed! 2. police Break it up! dağınık 1. scattered; dispersed. 2. untidy, messy (thing/person); (s.t.) which is in a state of disarray. 3. confused (state of mind).
   4. (city/town) Which is made up of widely scattered neighborhoods. — düzen mil. extended order, extended formation. — ışık cin. borderlight.
                                                                                                   2dağlı
dağınıklık 1. scatteredness; dispersedness. 2. untidiness, messiness, disarray. 3. (mental) confusion, confusedness, dağıntı mess, jumble.
Dağıstan Daghestan (in the Caucasus). Dağıstanlı 1. person from Daghestan. 2. (person) who is from Daghestan, dağıtıcı 1. distributor, person who distributes things: posta dağıtıcısı mail carrier. 2. mech. distributor. 3. messy, untidy (person), dağıtıcılık 1. being a distributor. 2. messiness, untidiness (of a person), dağıtılabilir distributable. — kâr fin. distributable profit, earnings, dağıtılmak 1. to be scattered; to be dispersed; to be dispelled; to be dissipated. 2. to be distributed; to be dealt, be dealt out; to be doled out, be given out, be handed out; to be dispensed. 3. to be messed up, be put into disarray. 4. (for an organization) to be dissolved. 5. print, (for type) to be distributed.
dağıtılmayan (../..) undistributed, retained. — kâr fin. retained profit, undistributed profit, retained earnings, dağıtım distribution, dağıtımcı distributor, wholesaler, dağıtımcılık being a distributor; distribution, dağıtımevi, -ni (../..) distribution center, wholesale house.
dağıtmak /ı/ 1. to scatter; to disperse; to dispel; to dissipate. 2. to distribute; to deal; to dole out, give out, hand out; to dispense. 3. to mess up, disorder, put (s.t.) into disarray, disarray. 4. to cause (s.t.) to break into pieces, cause (s.t.) to disintegrate or spall off; to smash (s.t.) to bits. 5. to dissolve (an organization). 6. print, to distribute (type). Dağıtırım ha! colloq. I’ll smash your face in! dağispinozu, -nu (/....) zool. brambling, bramble finch, Fringilla montifringilla. dağkeçisi, -ni (/...) zool. chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra.
dağkuyruksallayanı, -ni (/..........) zool. gray
   wagtail, Motacilla cinerea. dağlağı prov. 1. branding iron. 2. cauter, cautery, cauterizing iron. 3. cauterant. dağlama 1. branding, brand. 2. cauterization, cautery. — resmi pyrogravure, pyrography. dağlamak /ı/ 1. to brand. 2. to cauterize. 3. (for the sun/wind/heat/cold/a hot taste) to burn. 4. to wound (s.o.’s feelings), dağlanmak 1. to be branded (with a hot iron).
   2.    to be cauterized. 3. to be burned (by sun/ wind/heat/cold/a hot taste). 4. (for one’s feelings) to be wounded, dağlatmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) brand (an animal). 2. to have (s.o.) cauterize (a wound), ‘dağlı 1. mountaineer, highlander, mountain dweller. 2. coarse, unrefined (person). 3. playing cards king.
2dağlı 1. branded. 2. cauterized. 3. anguished, very hurt, very sad.
204
 dağlıç
dağhç zool. a crossbred sheep with a fairly large fatty tail, dağlık mountainous (terrain), dağmersini, -ni (/...) bot. whortleberry, bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus. dağoluş (/..) orogeny.
dağserçesi, -ni (/...) zool. tree sparrow, Passer montanus.
dağservisi, -ni (/...) bot. cedar, Cedrus. dağsıçanı, -ni (/...) zool. marmot, Marmota. dağtavuğu, -nu (/...) zool. hazel grouse, hazel hen, Tetrastes bonasia. dağzebrası, -m (/...) zool. mountain zebra, Equus zebra zebra. dah Giddap! (said to make a horse, a donkey, an ox, etc. move forward). — etmek /ı/ to get (an animal) to move forward, daha 1. so far, until now, still, yet, only. 2. more, in addition. 3. more, -er; a lot -er. 4. plus, —si moreover. — çok more. — daha? colloq. And so? — iyi better. — iyisi can sağlığı! colloq. (The only thing better than this would be to be alive.) One couldn’t ask for more! — kötü worse. — neler! colloq. What next!/How absurd! — sonra
   1.     later; after. 2. afterwards, —sı var. colloq. That’s not all ./There’s more to come, dahdah child’s language horsie, Brit, gee-gee (used to mean uhorse>>). dahi (.— 0 also, too, even: O dahi söyledi. He said it, too ./Even he said it.
dâhi (------) 1. genius, man of genius. 2. gifted,
   talented.
dâhice (-------'.) 1. ingenious (thing). 2. ingen-
   iously.
‘dahil, -hli connection, relationship. — i olmak /da/ to be connected (with); to have to do (with).
2dahil (—.) 1 . the interior, inside. 2. including: vergi dahil including the tax. — etmek /ı, a/ to insert (s.t.) in; to include (s.t.) in.
   —      olmak /a/ to be included (in), dahilen (—\.) internally, dahili (—.—) 1. internal. 2. domestic (as opposed to foreign). — harp civil war. — hat
   1.     telecommunications internal line; house telephone (in a hotel). 2. transportation domestic line. — işler pol. internal affairs, domestic affairs, Brit, home affairs. — posta domestic mail, dâhilik (— —.) genius, great talent, dahiliye (—...) 1. obs. (a country’s) domestic affairs, internal affairs, Brit, home affairs. 2. obs. the ministry of internal affairs. 3. internal medicine. 4. internal diseases. 5. ward for internal diseases. — mütehassısı med. internist. — subayı officer charged with managing the internal affairs of a military school. D— Vekâleti formerly the Ministry of Internal Affairs; Brit, the Home Office. D— Vekili formerly the Minister of Internal Affairs; Brit. Home Secretary, dahiliyeci (—....) colloq. internist, doctor of
 205                                                3dal
    internal medicine, dâhiyane (—.— .) 1. ingenious (thing). 2. ingeniously.
dahletmek (/..) /a/ to interfere with, poke one’s nose into, meddle in. daim (—.) enduring, lasting, permanent. — etmek h! to perpetuate. — olmak to continue; to last.
daima (—'.—) always, continually.
daimi (•—.—) constant, permanent, perpetual.
    —  delege permanent delegate. — encümen standing committee. — kadro permanent staff. — ordu standing army.
                                                           dair (—.) /a/ about, on, concerning, relating to. daire (—..) 1. geom. circle. 2. apartment, Brit. flat. 3. department, section (of an administrative office). 4. room, section. 5. range, limits (of a discussion). 6. mus. tambourine.
    —  bıçkısı circular saw. — çevresi geom. circle, line describing a circle. — kesmesi geom. sector of a circle. — parçası geom. segment of a circle. — yayı geom. arc of a circle.
dairesel (—...) circular, dairevi (—..—) circular, dakik 1. requiring precision, delicate (piece of work). 2. precise, exact (person/tool), dakika (.—.) 1. minute. 2. math, minute, minute of arc. —smda instantly, at once, —si dakikasına exactly on time, on the minute, to the minute, —sı dakikasına uymaz colloq. very changeable; temperamental, dakikalama (.—...) cin. timing, determining the time length of a film that has been shot, daktilo (./.) 1. typewriter. 2. typist. 3. typing.
    —  etmek III to type. — ile yazılmış typed.
    —     makinesi typewriter, daktilograf typist, daktilografi typing, daktiloluk being a typist; typing, daktiloskopi dactyloscopy.
‘dal 1. branch, bough. 2. branch, division, subdivision. —lari bastı kiraz! (These cherries have weighed down the branches!) Best quality cherries! — budak salmak 1. (for a tree/a bush) to develop branches. 2. colloq. to become established, take root. 3. colloq. to become widespread, spread far and wide, —dan dala konmak/atlamak colloq. 1. to jump from one subject to another. 2. never to stick to anything for very long, to lack stick-to-itiveness. — gibi colloq. slender, slim and graceful. — gibi kalmak colloq. to become as thin as a rail. — kol atmak colloq. to become widespread, spread far and wide. —ında satış sale of a crop which is still on the tree.
                                                           2dal prov. 1. back; shoulder. 2. arm. 3. neck; nape of the neck. — ma basmak Iml colloq.
    1. to irritate, anger. 2. to press (s.o.) to grant something. — ma binmek Iml colloq. to pester, put pressure on.
3dal (used only in compounds) naked, bare,
dalak
 206
dalgınlık
   uncovered.
dalak 1. anat. spleen. 2. prov. honeycomb. — iltihabı path, splenitis, dalakotu, -nu (./..) bot. germander, Teucrium. dalal, -li (.—) obs., see dalalet, dalalet, -ti (.—.) obs. straying from the right path, going astray, erring, error. — e düşmek to fall into error, err, go astray, dalamak /ı/ 1. (for cloth) to scratch, chafe (one’s skin). 2. (for the leaves of a plant) to irritate (one’s skin). 3. (for a dog, wolf, etc.) to bite. 4. (for an insect) to bite; to sting.
dalan 1. entry hall, hallway. 2. vestibule, dalaş 1. brawl, melee. 2. arguing heatedly, having a row. 3. fighting (of dogs/cats) with each other, dalaşma 1. fighting (of dogs/cats) with each other. 2. arguing heatedly, having a row. 3. brawl, melee, dalaşmak 1. (for dogs/cats) to fight with each other. 2. to argue heatedly, have a row, row. dalavere (../.) colloq. trick, deception, fast one. — çevirmek/döndürmek to pull fast ones, be engaged in trickery, chicane, dalavereci (../..) trickster, hoodwinker, chicaner.
dalaverecilik (../...) trickery, hoodwinking, chicanery; being a trickster, dalbastı used in: Dalbastı kiraz! Fine cherries!/Big cherries! daldıraç catheter.
daldırılmak 1. /a/ to be plunged (into). 2. (for a plant) to be layered, daldırım catheterization, daldırma 1. /ı, a/ plunging (one thing) into (another). 2. layering (of a plant). 3. branch used for layering, daldırmak 1. /ı, a/ to plunge (one thing) into (another). 2. h! to propagate (a plant) (by putting one of its branches into the ground), layer.
dalga 1. wave (of water, of heat or cold, of electric and magnetic field intensity). 2. the wavelike pattern found in watered cloth, water, moire. 3. slang trick, subterfuge, deception, fast one. 4. slang hashish, hash.
   5. slang a high (which comes from hashish).
   6. slang reverie, brown study, distractedness, distraction. 7. slang what-do-you-call -it, thingumabob, thingumajig. 8. slang situation, matter, affair. 9. slang love relationship, love affair. 10. slang (a) beloved, (a) love, sweetheart, sweetie, honey. 11. slang connection, relation. — yı başa almak naut. (for a ship) to breast the waves.
   —  boyu wavelength. — dalga 1. streaked, uneven (paint/dye); moired. 2. in an undulating fashion. 3. wavy (hair). — devimi wave motion, wave propagation. — ya düşmek slang 1. to fall into a trap, fall for a trick. 2. to be absentminded. — geçmek colloq. 1. /la/ to kid (s.o.). 2. /la/ not to take
   (s.t.) seriously, pay (s.t.) no mind. 3. to goof off, waste time, kill time. — ya gelmek slang, see dalgaya düşmek, —ya getirmek /ı/ slang to get (s.o.) to fall for it, take (s.o.) in, hoodwink. — ışmçekimi med. electrokymography, —sma taş atmak /m/ slang 1. to spoil (s.o.’s) high. 2. to upset (s.o.’s) applecart, spoil a good situation for (s.o.). 3. to make a pass at (s.o.’s sweetheart).
dalgacı 1. colloq. (s.o.) who is prone to goofing off, who is a goof-off. 2. slang trickster, hoodwinker, chicaner. 3. slang regular hashish user. — Mahmut colloq. (a) goof-off. dalgacık wavelet; ripple, dalgacılık 1. colloq. goofing off. 2. slang trickery, hoodwinking, chicanery. 3. slang using hashish on a regular basis, dalgakıran breakwater, mole, water-break; jetty, dalgalandırmak /ı/1. to cause (water) to break into waves. 2. to undulate, cause (s.t.) to undulate; to cause (s.t.) to wave/sway (as in a wind), dalgalamm undulation.
dalgalanma 1. undulation. 2.fin. fluctuation.
   —ya bırakmak /ı/ to allow (the exchange rate of a currency) to float. — sınırı fin. limits of floating, dalgalanmak 1. to undulate; (for water) to get rough. 2. (for a color) to change hue. 3. to wave/sway (in the wind). 4. (for a price or the value of a currency/a commodity/a stock) to fluctuate, dalgalı 1. wavy, full of waves; rough (water); undulating. 2. wavy/waved (hair). 3. corrugated (metal). 4. watered, moired. 5. phys. alternating. 6. path, undulant. 1 .fin. floating.
   —   akım phys. alternating current. — akım üreteci elec. alternator. — borç fin. floating debt. — döviz kuru floating exchange rate.
   —   döviz kuru sistemi floating exchange rate system. — kur floating rate.
dalgamotor (./..) slang sweetheart, sweetie, honey.
                                                          dalgı prov. inattention; absentmindedness; negligence, carelessness, dalgıç 1. diver, skin diver, frogman. 2. slang thief, pincher, pilferer. — elbisesi diving suit, dalgıçböceği, -ni (./...) zool. diving beetle, Dytiscus.
dalgıçböcekler (./...) zool. Dytiscidae. dalgıçkuşları, -ni (./...) zool. diving birds, Pygopodes. dalgıçkuşugiller (./....) zool. Pygopodidae. dalgıçlık being a diver; diving; skin diving, dalgın 1. lost in thought, abstracted, bemused; absentminded. 2. (sleeping) very soundly.
   —   dalgm abstractedly, bemusedly; absent-mindedly.
dalgınlaşmak to become lost in thought, become abstracted, become bemused, dalgınlık 1. abstraction, bemusement; absent-mindedness. 2. sound sleep; deep sleep.
dalgınlıkla
dalgınlıkla (../.) abstractedly, bemusedly; ab-sentmindedly. dalgır prov. moire, water (of a cloth), dalınç ecstasy, rapture.
dalış 1. dive, plunge. 2. soccer plunge, quick thrust through the line of the opposition, dalız 1. anat. vestibule, the central cavity of the bony labyrinth of the ear. 2. corridor, passageway, dalkavuk toady, sycophant, dalkavuklaşmak to turn into a toady; to become sycophantic, dalkavukluk toadying, sycophancy. — etmek /a/ to toady to, fawn upon, dalkılıç 1. with drawn sword. 2. (s.o.) whose sword is drawn, dalkıran 1. wood borer, weevil. 2. strong wind, dalkurutan wood borer, dallandırmak /i/ 1. to cause (a bush/a tree) to branch out; to cause (s.t.) to ramify. 2. needlessly to complicate (s.t.). dallanmak 1. to branch out; to ramify. 2. needlessly to get complicated, dallanıp budaklanmak to build up quite disproportionately (in s.o.’s mind); (for a matter) to grow beyond all reasonable bounds, dallanti physiol, dendrite. dallı 1. branched; well-branched; bushy; branchy. 2. (fabric) ornamented with branches. — budaklı intricate, involved, tangled.
dalma 1. plunging, diving. 2. abstraction, absentmindedness. 3. falling off to sleep. 4. wrestling a dive.
Dalmaçya (./.) 1. Dalmatia. 2. Dalmatian, of Dalmatia.
Dalmaçyalı (./..) 1. (a) Dalmatian. 2. Dalmatian (person), dalmak 1. /a/ to dive, plunge (into). 2. to become abstracted, become lost in thought; to lose o.s. in thought. 3. /a/ to be engrossed in, be absorbed in; to give o.s. over to. 4. /a/ to enter (a place) suddenly, plunge into.
   5.    to fall asleep; /a/ to drop off to (sleep). 6. (for a sick person) to lose consciousness. 7. wrestling to dive for one’s opponent’s legs, dalıp çıkmak 1. to duck, dive down and then reappear above the surface of the water at short intervals. 2. to take a quick dip, take a short swim. 3. /a/ colloq. to frequent (lots of places), dalıp (dalıp) gitmek colloq. to be lost in thought, daltaban 1. barefoot. 2. vulgar, coarse, unrefined (person), daltonizm path, daltonism, daluyku deep sleep.
‘dalya (/.) bot. dahlia, Dahlia.
2dalya (/.) com. completed (used when, in counting, the standard number, usually 10 or 100, is reached). dalyan fish trap, enclosure of nets fixed on poles used for catching fish; weir for fishing- — gibi colloq. tall and well-built. —
207                                              damar
         tarlası place where a fishing enclosure is set up.
      dalyancı person who works at or owns a fish trap.
      dalyarak vulg. 1. oafish, stupid and coarse (man). 2. oaf, *ass. dalyaraklik vulg. oafishness, asininity. dalyasan hist, the loose end of a turban.
      ‘dam 1. roofing, roof, outer covering of a roof.
         2. flat roof. 3. small house (usually flat -roofed and one-story). 4. stable, animal shed.
         5. colloq. prison, jail, jug. — aktarma repairing a roof by overhauling its tiles. — altı shelter, —dan çardağa atlamak colloq. to jump from one subject to another, —dan düşer gibi colloq. out of the blue, suddenly; at an inappropriate moment, —dan düşen, damdan düşenin halini bilir, proverb (It’s the one who falls off the roof who knows how it feels.) When you come a cropper the person who can really sympathize with you is someone who’s come a cropper himself/ herself. — kapağı trapdoor opening onto a roof. — örtüsü see damörtüsü. — üstünde saksağan, vur beline kazmayı! colloq. (There’s a magpie on the roof; throw the pickax at it!) What nonsense!
      2dam 1. lady partner (at a dance). 2. playing cards queen, dama game of checkers. — demek colloq. 1. to give up, quit (because of exhaustion/frustration). 2. (for a supply) to be used up, be finished up, be all gone. — tahtası checkerboard. — taşı checkers piece, man. — taşı gibi colloq. 1. (one) who travels often. 2. (an employee) who is often reassigned. — taşı gibi oynatmak /ı/ colloq. 1. to send (s.o.) on a trip at the drop of a hat. 2. to reassign (an employee) often, damacana (../.) demijohn, damak anat. palate. — eteği anat. soft palate, —mı kaldırmak to press one’s palate up with the thumb (done by a frightened person). — kemeri anat. palatine vault. — kemiği anat. palatine bone, palatine. — ı kurumak colloq. to feel very thirsty. — ünsüzü phon. palatal consonant, damaklı (person/animal) who/which has a palate. — diş dent, upper plate, damaksı phon., see damaksıl, damaksıl phon. palatal, damaksıllaşma phon. palatalization, vowel fronting.
      damaksıllaşmak phon. to be palatalized, damalı check, checked, marked with checks; (s.t.) which shows a check pattern, checkered. — kumaş checked material, check, damar 1. anat. vein/artery/vessel (in which blood flows). 2. vein (in marble/a rock); seam; lode. — açımı surg. cutdown. — atmak for an artery to pulsate. — ma basmak Iml colloq. to irritate (s.o.), touch (s.o.’s) sore spot. —ım bulmak /in/ colloq. to humor
damarca                                          208
   (s.o.). —ma çekmek colloq. to take after one’s family (in temperament). — damar 1. multiveined. 2. seam upon seam. — dışkat yangısı path, periarteritis. — ma girmek /m/ colloq. to humor (s.o.). — ışınçekimi med. angiography, —larma işlemek colloq. to become part and parcel of one’s character.
   (...) —lan kabarmak colloq. (for a specified part of one’s character) to show itself: Babalık damarları kabardı. His fatherly side showed itself. — kasıncı angiospasm.
   —   kötücül uru path, angiosarcoma. — ı kurusun! colloq. Damn him/her! — onanmi surg. angioplasty. — sertliği path, arteriosclerosis, hardening of the arteries. —Ian şaha kalkmak slang to want something badly, have a consuming desire. — tabaka anat. choroid (of the eyeball). — tıkanıklığı path, embolism. —ı tutmak colloq. to get obstinate; to get surly, become intractable.
   —   uru path, angioma. — yangısı path, angiitis. — yürek ışınçekimi med. angiocardiography.
damarca path, vascular disorder, damardaraltan med. vasoconstrictor, damargenişleten med. vasodilator, damariçi intravenous. — uyuşturum med.
   intravenous anesthesia.                     tXil
damarkatman (./..) anat. choroid (of the eye- .
   ball). — yangısı path, choroiditis, damarlı 1. veined; veinous; venous. 2. bot. vascular. 3. colloq. bad-tempered, surly, intractable.
damarsal vascular.
damarsız 1. veinless. 2. colloq. tractable, good -natured.
damasko (./.) damask cloth, damask, damat (—.) 1. son-in-law. 2. bridegroom. 3.. hist, man who married into the sultan’s family.
damatlık (—..) 1. being a son-in-law. 2. being a bridegroom. 3. an article of clothing suitable for a bridegroom on his wedding day: Damatlıklarını giydi. He put on his wedding outfit. 4. (clothes, a gift, etc.) suitable for a bridegroom, damdazlak (/..) bald as a billiard ball, damga 1. rubber stamp. 2. seal, signature seal; official seal. 3. branding iron. 4. print of a rubber stamp, stamp; seal; cancellation. 5. brand (on an animal). 6. colloq. bad name, stain, dishonor, brand, stigma. 7. colloq. mark, distinguishing feature/characteristic. — basmak /a/ to stamp (s.t.) (with a seal, stamp, etc.). — kanunu law stamp act. — kutusu stamp pad. — pulu revenue stamp.
   —   resmi stamp duty. — vurmak /a/ 1. to stamp (with a seal, stamp, etc.). 2. to cancel (a stamp). 3. to brand (an animal). — sini vurmak /a/ colloq. 1. to leave one’s mark on, set one’s seal on, influence. 2. to brand (s.o.) a ..., label (s.o.) a .... —smı yemek colloq. to be branded a ..., be labeled a ....
                                                                                         ‘damperli
damgacı stamp canceler; stamper, damgalama III 1. stamping (with a seal, stamp, etc.). 2. canceling (a stamp). 3. branding (an animal). 4. colloq. branding (s.o.) a ..., labeling (s.o.) a .... damgalamak hi 1. to stamp (with a seal, stamp, etc.). 2. to cancel (a stamp). 3. to brand (an animal). 4. to brand (s.o.) a ..., label (s.o.) a .... damgalanmak 1. to be stamped (with a seal, stamp, etc.). 2. (for a stamp) to be canceled.
   3. (for an animal) to be branded. 4. colloq. (for s.o.) to be branded a ..., be labeled a ....
                                                       damgalı 1. stamped (with a seal, stamp, etc.).
   2. canceled (stamp). 3. branded (animal).
   4. pej. marked, branded (person). 5. slang money, dough, moola. — eşek colloq. well -known scoundrel. — kâğıt paper with a revenue stamp printed on it.
damgasız 1. unstamped, not stamped. 2. uncanceled (stamp). 3. unbranded (animal), damıtıcı 1. distiller. 2. still, distilling apparatus.
damıtık distilled. — su distilled water.
damıtılmak to be distilled.
damitim see damıtma.
damıtma distillation.
damıtmak hi to distill.
damız prov. stable, animal shed.
                                                       damızlık 1. (animal) used for breeding. 2.
   (plant) used in crossbreeding. 3. prov. starter; ,j. yeast; ferment.
damkoruğu, -nu (/...) bot. wall pepper, stone-crop, Sedum acre. damkoruğugiller (/.....) bot. Crassulaceae. damla 1. drop. 2. pharm. drops: burun damlası nose drops. 3. colloq. heart attack. 4. drop -shaped, pear-shaped. — damla drop by drop; little by little. — hastalığı path. gout.
   —     inmek /a/ colloq. to have a heart attack, damlalık 1. medicine dropper. 2. drainboard.
   3. arch, drip; dripstone; grooved projection designed to channel rainwater away from a window, a door, a building, etc.
damlama dripping, drip, damlamak 1. to drip. 2. /a/ colloq. to drop in (a place) unannounced, drop in. Damlaya damlaya göl olur, proverb (Drop by drop a lake is formed.) A little at a time makes a lot.
damlasakizi, -m (./...) the best quality gum mastic.
                                                       damlataş (./.) 1. drop-shaped precious stone.
   2.    arch, drop-shaped stone ornament. 3. geol. dripstone, stalactite, damlatılmak 1. /a/ (for medicinal drops) to be put in. 2. to be released drop by drop, damlatmak 1. /ı, a/ to put (medicinal drops) in. 2. hi to cause/allow (s.t.) to drip, damörtüsü, -nü (/...) roofing, roofing material, ‘damper mech. shock absorber, Brit, damper. 2damper dump body (of a truck).
‘damperli equipped with a shock absorber.
2damperli                                       209
2damperli equipped with a dump body. — kamyon dump truck, damping, -gi (/.) 1. sale, selling goods at reduced prices. 2. econ. dumping, dana 1. (weaned) calf. 2. butchery veal. — eti butchery veal, —lar gibi bağırmak/böğürmek colloq. to bawl. — nm kuyruğu kopmak colloq. for the *shit to hit the fan, for something that has been feared to take place, danaayağı, -m (./...) bot. cuckoopint, Arum maculatum.
danaburnu, -nu (./..) 1. zool. mole cricket, Gryllotalpa vulgaris. 2. bot. snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus. danakiranotu, -nu (.../..) bot. helleborine, Epipactis.
                                                       Danca (.'.) 1. Danish, the Danish language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Danish, Danish. 3. Danish (speech/writing); spoken in Danish; written in Danish, dan dan (/ .) 1. with a dingdong. 2. Bang!
   Bang! (imitating the sounds of shooting). dandini (./.) 1. expression used when dandling a baby. 2. in a mess, in complete disorder, untidy. — bebek colloq. petulant and childish adult. — beyim, hoppala paşam, colloq. You have to humor him. (said of a petulant and childish adult). dan dun Bang! Bang! (imitating the sounds of shooting).
dang, -gi path, dengue, breakbone, dandy, dangalak colloq. fool, idiot, dangalaklık colloq. foolishness, idiocy, dangıl slang rude and unrefined (person), dangıldamak colloq. to talk in a loud, irritating way.
dangıl dungul (./ ..) colloq. 1. unrefined (person) who speaks with a thick and harsh accent. 2. (speaking) with a thick, harsh accent, danış conferring, conference, danışık 1. collusion. 2. simulation, willful misrepresentation, danışıklı prearranged, preconcerted. — dövüş colloq. 1. sham fight. 2. preconcerted and sham action, danışıklık preconcertedness, prearrangement, danışım conferring; consultation, danışma 1. conferring; consultation. 2. information (booth/desk). — bürosu information office. — kurulu consultative committee, danışmak /ı, a/ to consult with (s.o.) (about) (s.t.), ask (s.o.’s) advice (on) (a matter). Danışan dağı aşmış, danışmayan yolu şaşmış, proverb (The one who asked the way crossed the mountain, but the one who didn’t got lost.) Don’t hesitate to ask for advice or help, danışman consultant, adviser, danışmanlık 1. being a consultant; consulting.
   2. place where a consultant works, office of a consultant.
Danıştay Council of State.
Danimarka (../.) 1. Denmark. 2. Danish, of
                                                                                                 dar
   Denmark.
Danimarkaca (../..) colloq., see Danca. DanimarkalI (../..) 1. (a) Dane. 2. Danish (person).
daniska (./.) colloq. the height of ..., the supreme example of a ..., the archetypal ..., the perfect example of a ...: hödüklüğün daniskası the height of boorishness, serserinin daniskası the archetypal ne’er-do-well, dank used in: (kafasına) — etmek/demek to dawn upon, become apparent to (s.o.). dans 1. dancing, dance, the art of dancing. 2. the movements that comprise a specified dance, dance. — etmek to dance, —a kaldırmak III to ask (s.o.) to dance. — müziği dance music, dansçı dancer.
dansimetre (../.) densitometer; densimeter, dansing, -gi (/.) dance hall, dansör (male professional) dancer, dansöz (female professional) dancer, dantel lace, lacework. dantela (./.) see dantel, dantelağacı, -m (./...) bot. lacebark, Lagetta lintearia.
dantelli trimmed/ornamented/edged with lace, laced.
dapdar (/.) see dapdaracık, dapdaracık (/...) 1. very narrow. 2. very tight, skintight.
                                                       dar 1. narrow, not wide. 2. tight, tightly fitting.
   3. scant, scanty, meager. 4. narrow, narrow -minded, restricted/hampered by bigotry. 5. (time) of need, of want, of economic hardship. 6. narrowly, barely, just. — açı geom. acute angle, (kendini) — atmak colloq. 1. /dan/ to escape (from) (a place) by the skin of one’s teeth. 2. /a/ barely to make it to (a place). — boğaz see darboğaz, —a boğmak hi colloq. to take advantage of (s.o.) when he’s/she’s having a hard time, —da bulunmak colloq. 1. to be in financial difficulties.
   2. to have a hard time, go through a bad patch, —/—i darına (—a dar) colloq. barely, just, —a düşmek colloq. to fall on hard times. — geçit geog. gap, notch, defile; gorge, —a gelememek colloq. to refuse to be hurried. — gelirli low-income, poor, —a gelmek colloq. to be done in a hurry; to occur in a rushed and inopportune moment, —a getirmek hi colloq. 1. to deceive (s.o.) by rushing him/her. 2. to do (s.t.) in a rush; to have (s.t.) done in a hurry. — görüşlü narrow-minded, narrow. — hat rail, narrow -gauge (railroad). — kaçmak colloq. to have a narrow escape. — kafalı colloq. narrow -minded, narrow, —da kalmak colloq. 1. to be in financial difficulties. 2. to have a hard time, go through a bad patch. — kurtulmak colloq. to have a narrow escape. — para arzı narrow money supply. — piyasa thin market, narrow market. — üçgen geom. acute triangle. — ünlü phon. close vowel.
dara
 210
dava
   —   yetişmek lal colloq. barely to get (to a place) in time.
dara 1. tare, weight of the container. 2. weight in the other balance pan to compensate for the tare. —smı almak Iml to determine the tare (of). —ya atmak/çıkarmak hi to disregard, take no notice (of). — smı düşmek Iml to deduct the tare (of), daracık (/..) 1. very narrow. 2. very tight, very tightly fitting, daraç prov. 1. narrow. 2. tight, darağacı, -m (/...) gallows, daralamak hi to tare, counterweigh, daralma 1. constriction. 2. shrinking. 3. phon.
   fronting of a vowel, daralmak 1. to narrow, become narrow. 2. to get tight, tighten. 3. (for cloth) to shrink.
   4.     to become scant, become meager, daraltıcı 1. reducer, reducing coupling. 2. constricting, narrowing. — para politikası contractionary monetary policy, daraltılmak 1. to be made narrow. 2. (for a garment) to be taken in. daraltma 1. hi narrowing. 2. hi taking in (a garment). 3. hi reducing the size of (s.t.).
   4.     reduction printing (onto narrow film), daraltmak 111 1. to constrict, narrow, make (s.t.) narrow. 2. to take in (a garment). 3. to reduce the size of (s.t.). 4. to shrink (cloth). 5. to lessen (an amount of time), darasız gross (weight).
darbe 1. blow, stroke; impact. 2. coup d’etat.
   —   vurmak/indirmek /a/ to deal a blow to.
   —      yemek to receive a blow, darbımesel (/...) obs. proverb.
darboğaz (/..) 1. geog. gap, notch, defile; gorge. 2. colloq. difficult situation/time, bottleneck.
darbuka (./.) mus. a kind of drum (played by beating it with one’s hands). darbukacı (./..) player of a darbuka, dardağan prov. scattered; confused; disarrayed.
   —      dansı grain scattered as a curse, dargın /a/ 1. put out (with), cross (with), annoyed (with). 2. angry (at), mad (at).
dargınlık 1. crossness, annoyance. 2. anger, dan 1. millet (seed/grain). 2. bot. millet, Pani-cum miliaceum. 3. prov. corn, Brit, maize, —sı başına! May your/his/her turn come next! (said to wish one person the same good fortune that has befallen another), —sı dostlar başına! colloq. May the same good fortune also come to my/our friends, darıdünya (—'..—) colloq. the world, darılgan 1. easily annoyed, touchy. 2. quick -tempered, short-tempered, darılganlık 1. touchiness. 2. quickness of temper, shortness of temper, darılmaca used in: — yok! colloq. 1. Don’t be annoyed! 2. Don’t get angry! darılmak /a/ 1. to get put out with, get cross with, become annoyed with. 2. to get angry at, get mad at. 3. to scold.
darıltmak hi 1. to put (s.o.) out, make (s.o.)
   cross, annoy. 2. to anger (s.o.). darlaşmak see daralmak, darlaştırmak hi see daraltmak, darlatmak hi see daraltmak, darlık 1. narrowness. 2. tightness; constriction.
   3. scantness; scarcity; insufficiency, shortage.
   4. depressingness, depressing quality; feeling of depression. — çekmek to have trouble making ends meet.
darmadağın (./..) 1. (place/thing) which is in complete disarray. 2. (things/people) which/ who have scattered everywhere. 3. very tousled (hair). 4. (mind) which can’t concentrate on anything. — etmek hi 1. to disorder, disarray, or mess up completely. 2. to scatter everywhere. 3. to confuse utterly, darmadağınık (./...) see darmadağın, darp 1. blow, stroke. 2. math, multiplication.
   3.    mus. stroke (in beating time), darphane (.—.) mint (for coining money). Darülaceze (—'....) a home for poor, homeless, handicapped people and homeless children located in Istanbul.
Darülbedayi (—'..—.) formerly 1. Istanbul Conservatory of Music. 2. Istanbul City Theater.
darülfünun (—'...) obs. university. Darüşşafaka (—'....) a high school in Istanbul for poor or poor and fatherless children. Darvinci (/..) 1. Darwinian, an advocate of Darwinism. 2. Darwinian, relating to Darwinism. Darvincilik (/...) Darwinism, theory of natural selection, dasit, -ti geol. dacite. dasnik slang pimp, procurer, pander, dastar prov. head scarf, datif gram. 1. dative, in the dative case. 2. the dative, the dative case, daüssıla (—...) obs. homesickness, nostalgia, dav zool. common zebra, Burchell’s zebra, Equus burchelli.
dava (------) 1. law suit, lawsuit, action. 2. law
   trial. 3. claim, assertion, allegation, point at issue. 4. proposition, thesis. 5. question, matter. 6. cause/purpose/movement which is given militant support. 7. math, theorem. 8. math, problem. 9. slang sweetheart, love, (aleyhine) — açmak Iml to bring a suit against; to file charges against; to sue. — arzuhali law (written) complaint (filed by the plaintiff). — ya bakmak to hear a case, —larm birleştirilmesi law joinder (of causes of action). — nm düşmesi law abatement of an action. — ya ehliyet (— ehliyeti) law the capacity to sue or be sued. — etmek 111 to bring a suit against; to file charges against; to sue. — yı geri almak to withdraw an action, —smı görmek Iml to hear the case (of). — hakkı law the right of action, the right to sue. — yı halletmek 1. to settle a court case. 2. to solve a problem, —sma hizmet etmek /m/ to serve the cause of. — nm
davacı
   ihbarı law third-party notice, notice given to a third party. —ya müdahale law intervention (of a third party). —nm reddi law dismissal of action, nonsuit, —larm tefriki law severance of actions, —dan vazgeçmek
   1. to withdraw an action. 2. to give up a claim. 3. to renounce a cause.
davacı (------.) law plaintiff, claimant. —n kadi
                              olursa yardımcın Allah olsun, proverb If your plaintiff is the judge himself, God help you! — olmak /dan/ to sue, take (s.o.) to court, bring an action against, davalı (— —.) 1. law defendant; respondent.
   2. disputed, contested. 3. (s.t.) that propounds a particular point of view, constructed with a particular end in mind. — olmak (for a plaintiff and a defendant) to be engaged in a lawsuit: Bir yıldır davalıyız. We’ve been fighting each other in court for a year now.
davalık (-------.) (issue) which can be taken to
   court, which constitutes grounds for a court case.
davar sheep/goat; sheep/goats; flock of sheep/ goats.
davavekili, -ni (------'...) a person who, though
   not a qualified lawyer, is allowed to practice law.
davet, -ti (—.) 1. invitation. 2. party, (an) entertainment. — etmek /ı/ 1. to invite. 2. to summon/cite/subpoena (s.o.) (to appear before a civil court). 3. to provoke, bring about. — e icabet etmek to accept an invitation. — yapmak to have a party, davetçi (—..) inviter, summoner. davetiye (—...) 1. (written/printed) invitation. 2. law summons/citation/subpoena (issued by a civil court). — çıkarmak /a/ colloq. to invite, open the way to. davetkâr (—..) inviting (behavior, look, etc.). davetli (—..) 1. person who has been invited;
                              invited guest; invitee. 2. invited, davetname (—.—.) law summons/citation/ subpoena (issued by a civil court), davetsiz (—..) uninvited. — gelen/giden dö-şeksiz oturur, proverb (He/She who comes without an invitation sits without a cushion.) An uninvited guest cannot expect a warm welcome. — misafir colloq. uninvited guest; unexpected visitor, davlumbaz 1. (concrete) hood (which leads into a chimney flue and which is usually built into a kitchen wall). 2. paddle box. davranış 1. behavior; conduct, comportment, deportment; treatment (of s.o.). 2. action, deed, something done. 3. movement, action, motion. 4. gesture, notable/expressive action.
   —      bozukluğu psych, behavior disorder. — töresi etiquette, davranışbilim (../..) 1. (a) behavioral science.
   2. ethology, davranışçı behaviorist. davranışçılık behaviorism, davranışsal behavioral.
                                                                                            dayamak
 davranma behavior. — eylemi gram, an active verbal adjective expressing intent, davranmak 1. to act, behave; /a/ to treat, behave towards. 2. /a/ to get ready to, prepare to (do s.t.). 3. /a/ to reach for (s.t.): Silaha davrandı. He reached for the gun. 4. to make a move, move. Davranma! Don’t stir!/Don’t move!
 davudi (—) bass (voice), davul 1. drum. 2. slang behind, rump. —u biz çaldık, parsayı başkası topladı, colloq. (We are the ones who played the drum, but others have taken up the collection.) We did the job and took all the trouble; others benefited from it. — çalmak 1. to beat a drum. 2. colloq. to tell everybody, tell the world. — çalsan işitmez, colloq. (If you beat a drum he/she won’t hear it.) 1. He’s/She’s stone deaf. 2. He/She sleeps like a log. 3. He’s/She’s too engrossed in his/her work to hear you. — dengi dengine diye çalar, proverb If you listen to the drumbeat it seems to say, “Find a mate that is your equal.” —a dönmek colloq. to swell up. — dövmek to beat a drum. — gibi colloq. tightly swollen.
    —  onun boynunda, tokmak başkasının elinde, colloq. (The drum is slung around his/her neck, but someone else has the drumstick.) He’s/She’s only a puppet; someone else pulls the strings. —un sesi uzaktan hoş gelir, proverb (The sound of a drum is pleasant from afar.) Distance lends enchantment to things. — tozu, minare gölgesi colloq. imaginings, impossible things. — zurna ile (celebrating an occasion) with a lot of hoopla.
 davulcu drummer.
davulculuk drumming; being a drummer, davya (.'.) (dentist’s) forceps, dayak 1. (a) beating; (a) thrashing; (a) whipping (as a corpora 1 punishment). 2. prop, support.
    —  arsızı colloq. child who is so used to being beaten/thrashed that he/she no longer fears it. — atmak /a/ to beat; to thrash; to whip. — cennetten çıkmıştır, proverb (A beating is from Paradise.) Thrashing is the key to educating. — cezası corporal punishment. — düşkünü/kaçkını colloq. (s.o.) who deserves a beating/a thrashing. — yemek to get a beating/a thrashing/a whipping.
                                                         dayaklamak /ı/ 1. to prop up, shore up, buttress.
    2. to bar, bolt (a door), dayalı /a/ 1. propped against, leaning on/against. 2. based on/upon. — döşeli colloq. completely furnished (house), dayamak /ı, a/ 1. to lean (one thing) against (another), prop (one thing) against (another), set (one thing) against (another). 2. prov. to thrust (s.t.) right before (one’s eyes). 3. to press (s.t.) against (a place). 4. to deliver/ present (s.t./s.o.) angrily (to s.o.). 5. to force (s.t./s.o.) upon (s.o.). 6. to position (a military unit) in front of or against, dayayıp döşemek
dayanak
212
debelenmek
    III to furnish (a house) completely, dayanak 1. basis, foundation (of an idea). 2. support, prop; mainstay. 3. phil. substratum.
   —   noktası 1 .phys. fulcrum. 2. support, prop.
    —     yıldızı astr. reference star, dayanaksız unfounded, having no basis, dayanarak /a/ because of, for ... reason, on the
   basis of.
dayanca 1. basis, support. 2. endurance; resistance.
dayanç 1. patience. 2. support, prop; mainstay, dayançlı patient, forbearing, dayançsız impatient, dayançsızlık impatience, dayandırmak /ı, a/1. to lean (one thing) against (another), prop (one thing) against (another). 2. to base (one thing) on (another), dayamk 1. /a/ propped against, leaning on/ against. 2. /a/ based on/upon. 3. endurance; resistance.
dayanıklı 1. durable, lasting, sturdy. 2. (physically/mentally) strong, tough (person). 3. /a/ resistant to (water, fire, etc.). — mallar com. durable goods, durables. — tüketim malları com. durable consumer goods, consumer durables.
dayanıklılık 1. durability, sturdiness. 2. (physical/mental) endurance, stamina, staying power. 3. /a/ resistance to (water, fire, etc.). dayanıksız 1. not durable, undurable; not sturdy, frail. 2. (s.o.) who lacks physical/mental endurance, who lacks stamina, who lacks staying power, weak, frail. 3. /a/ not resistant to. — mallar com. nondurable goods, nondurables. — tüketim malları com. nondurable consumer goods, consumer nondurables, dayanıksızlık 1. lack of durability, frailness. 2. lack of physical/mental endurance, lack of stamina, lack of staying power. 3. /a/ lack of resistance to. dayanılmak /a/ impersonal passive 1. to lean on/against. 2. to rely on. 3. to be based on, be founded upon. 4. to endure, bear, stand, put up with, dayanılmaz 1. irresistible. 2. unbearable, dayanım 1. leaning, state of leaning. 2. resistance; endurance, dayanırlık durability, toughness, dayanışçılık sociol. solidarism. dayanışık 1. interdependent. 2. mutually supportive, characterized by mutual support or solidarity, dayanışma solidarity, mutual support, dayanışmacı socioL 1. (a) solidarist. 2. soli-daristic.
dayanışmacılık sociol. solidarism. dayanışmak to act with solidarity, support each other, rely on each other, dayanışmalı mutually supportive, characterized by mutual support or solidarity, dayanma 1. leaning, state of leaning. 2. resistance; endurance. — ayağı arch, buttress, counterfort. — duvarı retaining wall. — ke-
   meri arch. 1. flying buttress. 2. the arch of a flying buttress. — noktası I.phys. fulcrum. 2. arch, footing, dayanmak 1. /a/ to lean on/against; to lean against (s.t.) hard (in order to move/break it); to bear down on (s.t.). 2. /a/ to be supported by, be buttressed by, be shored up by. 3. /a/ to rely on, trust in. 4. /a/ to be based on, be founded on. 5. to last, endure; /a/ to weather, survive, last out. 6. /a/ to hold out (against); to persevere. 7. /a/ to endure, bear, stand; to put up with. 8. /a/ to reach, get to, arrive at. 9. (for food) to keep, not to spoil. 10. /a/ (for an undesirable situation) to affect (s.o.), land on (s.o.’s) doorstep, dayanmalik window sill, dayatma insistence, dayatmacı insistent.
dayatmak 1. /a, i/ to have (s.o.) lean (s.t.) (against a surface). 2. /i, a/ to lean (one thing) against (another). 3. obstinately to insist, be obstinately insistent, be obstinate, dayı 1. maternal uncle, mother’s brother. 2. a form of address to an older man. 3. colloq. influential friend. 4. slang policeman, cop, fuzz. 5. slang bully. 6. hist. dey. —sı dümende olmak slang to have an influential friend.
                                                           dayılık 1. unclehood, uncleship, being an uncle. 2. slang protection, the use of influence. 3. slang bullying, dayızade (..—.) cousin, son/daughter of one’s maternal uncle, daz prov. 1. bald; bald-headed. 2. bare (earth).
   —      kafalı bald, bald-headed, dazara dazar (../ ..) prov. fast, in a hurry, dazara dazir (../ ..) prov., see dazara dazar, dazlak bald, —lar skinheads. — kafalı bald, bald-headed, dazlaklaşmak to go bald, dazlaklık baldness.
dazlamak prov. to find fault. Dazlayan daza düşer, kel başlı kıza düşer, proverb (One who is finicky marries a bald girl.) A finicky person often ends up getting what he sought to avoid, dazlık baldness.
DÇM (abbr. for dövize çevrilebilir mevduat)
   deposits convertible into foreign currency. DDT chem. DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichlo-roethane).
DDY (abbr. for Devlet Deniz Yolları) T.S.M.L.
   (the Turkish State Maritime Lines), de see da.
debagat, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. tanning, the trade of a tanner. 2. dressing pelts, debbağ obs. 1. tanner (of animal hides). 2.
   dresser of pelts, debbe prov. large copper jug. debdebe splendor, pomp, debdebeli splendid, marked by pomp, debe prov. person with a hernia, debelenmek 1. to struggle and kick about whib
debelik
213
değer
    lying on one’s back; to thrash about. 2. to struggle desperately, debelik prov. rupture, hernia, debi (volume of) flow (of a river), debil med. feeble, weak, infirm, debillik med. debility, debreyaj auto., see debriyaj, debreye used in: — etmek auto, to declutch, disengage a clutch, debriyaj auto. 1. clutch, clutch pedal. 2. clutch (apparatus). — pedalı clutch pedal, clutch. Deccal, -li an evil creature that is supposed to appear shortly before doomsday, dede 1. grandfather. 2. male ancestor. 3. old man. 4. a senior dervish. 5. slang an older student who already has a mustache. 6. slang old and vagrant opium addict. — koruk yer, torununun dişi kamaşır, proverb (The grandfather eats sour grapes and the grandchild’s teeth are set on edge.) The sins of the father are visited upon the son and the son’s sons.
Dedeağaç (./..) Dede Agach (in Grecian Thrace) (known by the Greeks as Alexan-droupolis). dedektif detective, dedektör detector.
                                                               dedikodu gossip, tittle-tattle. — etmek to gossip about people. — kumkuması colloq. gossip-monger. — sütunu gossip column. — yapmak to gossip about people, dedikoducu 1. gossipy (person). 2. (a) gossip;
    gossipmonger. dedikoduculuk gossiping, being gossipy, being a gossip.
dediködulu full of gossip, gossipy, dedirmek, dedirtmek /a, \i 1. to make/let (s.o.) say; to provoke (s.o.) into saying. 2. to cause others to call (s.o.) (s.t.). dedüksiyon log. deduction, dedveyt, -ti (/.) naut. deadweight.
‘def see tef.
2def, -f’i 1. vigorous repulsion. 2. phys. repulsion. — ’i bela kabilinden only to avoid trouble, unwillingly. — ’i hacet etmek to relieve o.s., defecate, defa (.—) time, turn: üç defa three times, defans 1. sports defense. 2. sports the defense, defensive line of players. 3. slang rump, rear end, backcide. — yapmak tc play defensively, play a defensive game, defansif sports defensive, defedilmek (/...) to be repelled, be driven away, defetmek (,\.) hi 1. to repel, push back, repulse; to drive off. 2. to get rid of, ward off. defile (.—.) fashion show, defin, -fni burial, interment, define (.—.) buried treasure, treasure, treasure trove.
defineci (.— ..) treasure hunter.
definecilik (.—...) treasure hunting.
deflasyon econ. deflation.
deflemek hi colloq, to repel, push b ack, re-
    pulse; to drive off. defne bot. laurel, bay, Laurus nobilis. — yaprağı bay leaf, defnedilmek (/...) to be buried, be interred, defnegiller bot. Lauraceae. defnetmek (/..) hi to bury, inter, defneyapragi, -m (./...) zool. a small bluefish. defo (/.) flaw, imperfection (in a product), defolmak (/..) colloq. to clear out, go away.
    Defol! colloq. Get out!/Beat it!/Scram! defolu (/..) imperfect, flawed (product), deformasyon deformation, deforme (s.t.) which has become deformed, deformed. — etmek hi to deform, ruin the shape of, deprive (s.t.) of its proper shape.
    —  olmak to become deformed, become misshapen.
defransiyel 1. auto, differential gear. 2. slang rump, rear end, backside, defroster defroster.
defter 1. notebook, copybook, exercise book. 2. register, inventory. 3. tax roll. 4. account book. — açmak to open a campaign for funds/volunteers. — değeri accounting book value, —ini dürmek Iml slang 1. to settle the account (of), kill. 2. to fire. — i dürülmek slang 1. to be killed. 2. to be fired. — emini Ott. hist, director of the registry of land titles. — e geçirmek hi accounting to enter (an item) in a ledger. — i hakani main register of revenues of the Ottoman Empire.
    —i kabartmak colloq. to run deep into debt.
    —i kapamak colloq. to close a subject, give up a project. —i kebir 1. accounting ledger. 2. slang ferocious swearing. — i kebirinden okumak slang to swear a blue streak, —den silmek hi colloq. to drop (s.o.) completely, no longer to have anything to do with (s.o.).
    —  tutma bookkeeping. — tutmak to keep the books, do bookkeeping.
defterdar the official who heads a provincial treasury.
defterdarlık 1. director of finance of a province. 2. building in which a financial directorate is housed, financial directorate, defterhane (..— .) Ott. hist, building housing the registry of land titles, degajman soccer goal kick, değdirmek /ı, a/ 1. to touch (one thing) to (another). 2. to allow (one thing) to touch (another).
değer 1. value, worth. 2. price. 3. merit, worth.
    4. math, value. 5. person of great merit. 6. /a/ worthy of; worth: zahmete değer bir ödül a prize worth struggling for. — biçme
    1. evaluation, evaluating. 2. appraisal, assessment, assessing. — biçmek /a/ 1. to evaluate.
    2. to appraise, assess. 3. to set the price (of).
    —i düşmek to go down in value. — kâğıtları fin. securities. — kaybetme fin. depreciation. — kuramı theory of values. — üzerinden hesaplanan vergi ad valorem tax. — vermek /a/ to esteem, appreciate. — yargısı
değerbilir
214
değişmez
                             standard of judgment. — yükseltimi revaluation (of currency), —ini yükseltmek /m/ to raise the value of. değerbilir (s.o.) who is appreciative of value/ worth, who is able to recognize value/worth, değerbilirlik appreciation/recognition of value/ worth.
                             değerbilmez unappreciative of value/worth, unable to recognize value/worth, değerbilmezlik unappreciativeness of value/ worth, inability to recognize value/worth, değerdüşürümü, -nü (./....) econ. devaluation, değerlendirme 1. evaluation. 2. hi putting (s.t.) to use.
                             değerlendirmek hi 1. to increase the value of (s.t.). 2. to put (s.t.) to good use, use, utilize.
   3.  to appraise, evaluate. 4. com. to realize (an asset).
değerlenmek 1. to gain in value, become more valuable. 2. for (one’s) worth to be appreciated.
değerli 1. valuable. 2. talented, worthy, estimable. — kâğıt fin. (a) valuable paper. — kâğıtlar/m. securities, değersiz worthless, değersizlik worthlessness, değgin /a/ concerning, related to. değil 1. not: Mutlu değil. She is not happy. 2. No, ...: “Ev güzel miydi?” “Değil.” “Was the house beautiful?” “No, it wasn’t.” “Burada mı?” “Değil.” “Is she here?” “No, she isn’t.” 3. (initially or in anticipation of a verb) not only, let alone: Değil laleler, leylaklar bile açtı. Not only the tulips but even the lilacs have bloomed. (...) — a .... colloq. (...) let alone ...: Süt değil a, su bile yok. There is no water, let alone milk. — mi ki colloq. since: Değil mi ki gelirim dedi, mutlaka gelir. Since he said he would, he is sure to come, değim value, merit, virtue (of a person), değimli worthy, deserving, değimsiz unworthy, undeserving.
‘değin /a/ up to, as far as (a place); until, up to (a time); by (a time); within (a time). 2değin prov. squirrel, değini see değinme, değinim see değinme.
değinme /a/ touching on, mentioning, referring to (a subject), değinmek /a/ to touch on, mention, refer to (a subject).
değirmen 1. mill. 2. grinder, grinding machine. 3. slang clock, watch. — çarkı mill wheel. — deresi millrace. — e gelen nöbet bekler, proverb (One who has grain for the mill waits his/her turn.) If several people want the same thing they have to take turns. — iki taştan, muhabbet iki baştan. proverb (It takes two stones to grind grain and two hearts to have a romance.) Friendship and cooperation are reciprocal affairs.
   —   kanadı sail of a windmill; paddle of a
   mill wheel, —in suyu nereden geliyor?
   colloq. (Where does the water come for the mill?) Where does the expense come from?/ Who pays for it? — taşı millstone. — taşının altından diri çıkar, colloq. (He/She comes out alive from under a millstone.) He/ She always lands on his/her feet, değirmenci miller, değirmencilik miller’s trade, değirmenlik 1. place where there are many mills. 2. enough (water) to turn one mill wheel.
değirmentaşı, -ni (../..) burrstone, buhrstone. değirmi 1. round, circular. 2. circle. 3. square (cloth).
değirmilemek h! 1. to make (s.t.) circular. 2. to measure the length (of a piece of cloth) as multiples of the width, değirmilik roundness.
değiş exchange. — etmek /ı, la/ to exchange (one thing) for (another). — tokuş exchange, barter. — tokuş etmek hi to exchange, barter; h, la/ to exchange (one thing) for (another).
değişik 1. different, unusual, novel, singular, distinctive. 2. changed, altered. 3. various, varied, assorted, different. 4. different, of a different kind. 5. prov. spare set (of cloth-jng). ^
değişiklik 1. change, alteration; amendment. 2. unusualness, novelty, singularity, distinctiveness. 3. variety. — olsun diye colloq. for the sake of a change. — yapmak to make a change.
değişim 1. change, alteration. 2. metamorphosis. 3. math, variation; change in the value of a variable; difference between two values of a variable. 4. biol. variation. 5. geol. the formation of aggregates. 6. barter, exchange. 7. naut. variation (in the direction of the wind). — aracı medium of exchange.
   —   etmek naut. (for the wind) to change direction. ‘
değişinim 1. biol. mutation. 2. modulation, değişinimci biol. (a) mutationist. değişinimcilik biol. mutationism. değişke biol. variation.
değişken 1. changeable. 2. math, variable. — döviz kuru sistemi freely fluctuating exchange rate system, değişkenlik changeability, changeableness, değişkin modified.
değişme 1. change. 2. exchange. 3. modulation, değişmek 1. to change, become different, alter.
   2.     to be replaced by another. 3. h, a/ (used in a negative form) to be unwilling to trade (s.o./s.t.) for (anyone else/anything else): Bu çamaşır makinesini dünyaya değişmem. I won’t trade this washing machine for the world. 4. /i, la/ to exchange (things) with (s.o.). 5. hi to change (one’s clothes), değişen yıldız astr. variable star, değişmez unchangeable, invariable; constant,
değiştirge                                         2
   stable; immutable, değiştirge proposal of amendment, değiştirgeç 1. converter; transformer. 2. gearshift mechanism on a bicycle, değiştirgen parameter, variable, değiştiri alteration, improvement, değiştirilebilir 1. changeable, alterable. 2. fin.
   convertible. değiştirilebilirlik fin. convertibility, değiştirilmek 1. to be changed, be altered. 2.
   to be exchanged, değiştirim deformation, the act of deforming, değiştirme change, alteration, değiştirmece 1. a team’s going away to play a match. 2. changing of positions by players on a team, değiştirmek 1. l\l to change, alter. 2. /i, la/ to exchange (one thing) for (another), değiştirtmek /ı, a/ 1. to have/let (s.o.) change (s.t./s.o.). 2. to have/let (s.o.) exchange (s.t.). ‘değme 1. touching, touch, contact. 2. astr. contact.
2değme (/.) 1. every, any: Değme adam bu işi yapamaz. Not every man can do it.
   2. even the most perfect ....
‘değmek /a/ 1. (for s.t.) to touch. 2. (for s.t.) to reach. 3. (for s.t.) to hit (a target). 4. to, affect, değme gitsin colloq. undescribable, impossible to relate. Değme keyfine! colloq. How pleased he/she is!                     .
2değmek 1. to have a value of, be worth. 2. /a/ to be worth (the trouble). 3. (for a food) to hit the spot, be just the right thing; (for s.t.) to be just what one wanted, be just what the doctor ordered, değnek 1. stick, rod, cane; wand. 2. beating with a stick. — gibi colloq. very thin, thin as a lath. — istemek colloq. to need to be thrashed, want a hiding, değnekçi 1. person who is in charge of the queue at a dolmuş stand. 2. person who is in charge of parking and watches parked cars, parking lot attendant, değnekçilik 1. being in charge of the queue at a dolmuş stand. 2. being in charge of parking and watching parked cars, değneklemek /ı/ to cane, beat (s.o./an animal) with a stick, değşinim see değişinim, değşinimci biol., see değişinimci, değşinimcilik biol., see değişinimcilik, deh Giddap! (said to make a horse, a donkey, an ox, etc. move forward). deha (.—) 1. genius, extraordinary intelligence.
   2. person of genius, genius.
-de hali, -ni gram, the locative, the locative case.
dehdeh child’s language horsie, Brit, gee-gee (referring to a horse). dehlemek N 1. to urge on (an animal). 2. slang to fire, can, sack. 3. slang to drive away, expel.
dehlenmek 1. (for an animal) to be urged on.
                                                                                                dekstrin
    2. slang to get fired, get canned, get sacked.
   3.     slang to be driven away, be expelled, dehliz corridor.
                                                           dehşet, -ti 1. terror; horror. 2. tremendous, amazing, extraordinary. D—! colloq. Wow!
   —e düşmek/kapılmak to be struck with terror/horror, become terrified/horrified. — saçmak to spread terror, dehşetlenmek to be struck with terror/horror, become terrified/horrified, dehşetli 1. terrible, horrible. 2. tremendous, amazing, extraordinary.. 3. tremendously, very much, deist, -ti 1. (a) deist. 2. deistic, deistical. deizm deism.
dejenerasyon degeneration, dejenere degenerate, decadent. — etmek /ı/ to make (s.o./s.t.) degenerate. — olmak to degenerate, become degenerate, dejenereleşmek to degenerate, become degenerate.
‘dek, -ki trick, ruse.
2dek /a/ up to, as far as (a place); until, up to (a time); by (a time); within (a time), dekadan 1. (a) decadent. 2. decadent, dekadanlık 1. decadentism, decadence. 2. decadence.
 dekagram dekagram, decagram, Brit, deka-gramme.
 dekalitre (../.) dekaliter, decaliter, Brit, dekalitre.
                                                           dekametre (../.) dekameter, decameter, Brit.
   dekametre, dekan dean (of a faculty in a university), dekanlık 1. deanship. 2. dean’s office, dekar dekare, decare (a thousand square meters,
    0.247 acres).
 Dekartçı (/..) phil. 1. Cartesian, an adherent of Cartesianism. 2. Cartesian, of or relating to Cartesianism.
Dekartçılık (/...) phil. Cartesianism. dekaster dekastere, decastere. dekatlon sports decathlon, deklanşör phot, shutter release (of a camera), deklarasyon 1. declaration. 2. law customs declaration.
 deklare declared, proclaimed. — etmek /ı/ 1. to declare. 2. law to declare (goods) (in customs).
                                                           dekolte low-cut, low-necked, decollete (dress).
    —  konuşmak colloq. to use off-color language.
                                                           dekont, -tu 1. statement of account. 2. receipt.
   3.fin. deduction, dekor 1. decor. 2. theat. set. dekorasyon 1. interior decorating. 2. decoration, decorating, dekoratif decorative, dekoratör decorator, interior decorator, dekorcu designer, set designer, dekovil 1. narrow-gauge railroad. 2. narrow -gauge railroad car. dekstrin dextrin, dextrine.
dekstroz                                            216
dekstroz dextrose.
dekupaj carving out, cutting out.
delalet, -ti obs. 1. guidance. 2. mediation.
   —   etmek /a/ 1. to act as a guide (for). 2. to indicate. 3. to act as an intermediary (for).
deldirmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.t.) bored/pierced/ drilled/perforated. 2. to have (s.t.) punctured, delegasyon delegation, a body of delegates, delege 1. delegate, representative. 2. slang dope, fool.
delegelik position of a delegate, delegacy, delgeç punch (for holes), delgi drill, gimlet.
deli 1. insane, crazy, mad. 2. lunatic, insane person. 3. idiotic, foolish (person). 4. mad about; devotee (of). (...) —si colloq. crazy about: futbol delisi crazy about soccer, —den al uslu haberi, proverb Get the truth from a crazy person. — alacası colloq. crazy -colored, wild with colors. — arlanmaz, soyu/sahibi arlanır, proverb It is not the crazy person who is embarrassed but his/her family. — bal poisonous honey, —ye bal tattırmışlar, çarşıda katran bırakmamış. proverb (They gave the fool a taste of honey and he/she bought all the tar in the market.)
   If a fool likes something he/she wants everything that reminds him/her of it. — bayrağı açmak colloq. to fall madly in love. — çıkmak colloq. 1. to go crazy. 2. to blow one’s top, get angry. — deliyi görünce, değneğini/ çomağını saklar/gizler, proverb (When a crazy person meets another crazy person he/ she hides his/her stick.) An aggressive person is afraid to attack another aggressive person.
   —   divane olmak /a/ colloq. to be crazy about, be mad about, be a devotee of. —ye dönmek colloq. 1. to jump with joy. 2. to get frantic, be in a frenzy, —nin eline değnek vermek colloq. to give the whip hand to a harmful person. — etmek h! colloq. to drive (s.o.) wild. — gibi colloq. 1. madly, like mad, very much. 2. madly, like mad, wildly, frantically, crazily. — gömleği strait-jacket. — güllabicisi formerly an attendant in a mental hospital. — güllabicisi gibi colloq. like a patient and indulgent nurse. — güllabiciliği etmek colloq. to indulge a spoiled person, pander to the whims of a spoiled person, —ye her gün bayram, proverb Every day is a holiday for a fool. — ırmak wild and torrential river. — ile çıkma yola, başına getirir bela, proverb Don’t associate with a fool or he/she will get you in trouble. — kızın çeyizi gibi colloq. 1. scattered all over. 2. poorly chosen (clothes/ furnishings). — olmak /a/ colloq. 1. to be madly in love (with), be smitten (by). 2. to be furious (with/about). — olmak işten (bile) değil, colloq. It drives one crazy. — orman a vast and dense forest. — pösteki sayar gibi colloq. struggling with a thankless and repetitious job. — Raziye colloq. woman/
                                                                                                          delil
    girl who acts crazy. — saçması colloq. utter nonsense. — saraylı gibi colloq. (woman) oddly decked out in gaudy clothes, —ye taş atma, başmı yarar (başına taş yağdırır). proverb Don’t throw a stone at a crazy person or he/she will split your head open, delibalta (./..) colloq. cruel person, delibozuk (./..) colloq. unbalanced, fitful; inconstant.
‘delice 1. somewhat mad, crazy. 2. (./.) madly, like mad, very much. 3. (./.) madly, like mad, wildly, frantically, crazily.
2delice bot. darnel, ryegrass, Lolium temulen-tum.
delicesine (./...) 1. madly, like mad, very much. 2. madly, like mad, wildly, frantically, crazily, delici 1. boring, piercing, drilling, perforating (implement). 2. colloq. piercing, penetrating (look). delicik biol. stoma, pore, delidoğan (./..) zool. hobby, Falco subbuteo. delidolu (./..) colloq. thoughtlessly babbling;
    uninhibited madcap, deliduman (./..) colloq. foolhardy, reckless, daredevil.
delifişek (./..) colloq. overimpulsive, flighty, giddy, frivolous, delik 1. hole, opening, orifice. 2. puncture. 3. bored, pierced, drilled, perforated. 4. punctured. 5. anat. foramen. 6. slang prison, jail, jug, clink, cooler, lockup. — açmak /a/ to make a hole in, bore, pierce, drill, perforate.
    —  büyük, yama küçük, colloq. (The hole is big and the patch is small.) The problem is bigger than any available solution. — deşik colloq. full of holes. — deşik etmek hi colloq. to fill with holes, riddle. — deşik olmak colloq. to be riddled, be filled with holes. — e girmek slang to be thrown in jail, be locked up. — e tıkmak /ı/ slang to throw (s.o.) in jail, imprison, jail, jug, lock (s.o.) up.
delikanlı (./..) youth, young man. delikanlılık (./...) young manhood, delikli 1. having a hole, having holes; bored, pierced, drilled, perforated. 2. punctured, having a puncture. 3. strainer; skimmer. — boncuk yerde kalmaz, proverb, see Delikli taş yerde kalmaz. — işleme embroidery openwork. — taş sink. — taş yerde kalmaz. proverb (A bead with a hole won’t stay on the ground.) If a thing has a possible use somebody will want it. — tuğla perforated brick.
delikliler zool. Foraminifera. deliksiz 1. without a hole; unbored, unpierced, undrilled, unperforated. 2. unpunctured, without a puncture. 3. colloq. sound, deep and unbroken (sleep). — uyku colloq. sound sleep.
                                                             delil 1. law proof; evidence. 2. indication, sign.
    3. guide. 4. Islam a guide on the pilgrimage
delilenmek
   to Mecca, delilenmek to act crazily, delilik 1. madness, insanity. 2. foolish behavior, foolishness. — etmek colloq. to act foolishly, do something foolish. —i tutmak colloq. to act crazily. — e vurmak colloq. to feign madness, delim med. puncture.
delinme 1. being bored/pierced/drilled/perforated, perforation. 2. being punctured, delinmek 1. to be bored, be pierced, be drilled, be perforated. 2. to be punctured, get a puncture. 3. med. to be perforated, suffer a perforation.
deliotu, -nu (./..) bot. alyssum, madwort, Alyssum.
delirmek to go mad, become insane, go out of one’s mind, delirtmek /i/ to drive (s.o.) mad, drive (s.o.) insane.
delişmen overimpulsive, flighty, giddy, frivolous.
delişmenlik impulsiveness, giddiness; frivolous behavior. — etmek colloq. to do something mad.
delme 1. making a hole in, boring, piercing, drilling, perforating. 2. puncturing, making a puncture. 3. bored, pierced, drilled, perforated. 4. punctured. 5. prov. vest, Brit. waistcoat.
delmek hi 1. to make a hole in, bore * pierce, drill, perforate. 2. to puncture, delip geçmek hi to penetrate, pierce (s.t.) and pass through it. * delta (/.) geog. delta, deltakasi, -m (./..) anat. deltoid muscle.
‘dem 1. blood. 2. menstrual blood. — dökmek to menstruate heavily.
2dem 1. breath. 2. moment; time. 3. (alcoholic) drink. 4. condition of well-steeped tea. 5. well-steeped tea. 6. slang dope, hashish. — çekmek 1. (for a nightingale, turtledove, etc.) to sing long and sweetly. 2. colloq. to drink, booze. — tutmak /a/ to accompany (a piece of music). — vurmak /dan/ to talk about (s.t.) at random, demagog demagogue.
demagoji demagoguery, demagogy. — yapmak to engage in demagoguery. deme 1. act of saying. 2. meaning, —mo değil. colloq. That’s not what I mean. — m o deme değil, prov. That’s not what I mean, demeç statement, declaration (made by s.o. in authority). — vermek to make a statement, make a declaration.
‘demek 1. to say. 2. /a/ to call, name. 3. /a/ to think of (s.t. in a certain way): Herkes buna ne der? What will everyone think of this?
   4. to hope, intend, think, expect, assume. 5. to try to, be crazy enough to. (...) dediğin colloq. what you call ..., so-called, dediğinden (dışarı) çıkmak colloq. to disobey one’s orders. Dediği dedik, çaldığı düdük, colloq.
                                                                                               demir
   (What he/she says is said and what he/she plays is a pipe.) 1. He/She gets his/her own way. 2. He/She keeps his/her promises, dediği dedik olmak colloq. to be firm in one’s decisions. (...) der demez colloq. just at that moment. (...) deyip de geçmek colloq. to underrate, underestimate: Nezle deyip de geçme. Don’t underrate a cold, dediğine gelmek /m/ colloq. to come around to (his/her) point of view. — istemek III colloq. to mean, mean to say. (...) demeye kalmadı/kalmadan colloq. no sooner than, as soon as, at the very moment that.
2demek 1. having the meaning (of). 2. having the value, importance, or force (of), demeye gelmek colloq. to come to mean, demeye getirmek hi colloq. to say (s.t.) in so many words, mean to say. — olmak colloq. 1. to mean, come to mean. 2. to have the value of, be equivalent to. — oluyor ki colloq. so it means that; that means.
3demek so, thus, therefore, in this case: Demek yarın gelecek. So he’s coming tomorrow after all. — ki so, thus, therefore, in this case: Demek ki şehir çok sıcaktı. So the town was really hot. dememek 1. not to say. 2. not to pay attention, not to heed: Kar, kış demez denize girer. Whether it snows or is cold, he always goes for a swim in the sea. Deme! (/.) colloq. Really!/No kidding!/You don’t say! deme gitsin colloq. indescribable, impossible to relate: Öyle bir düğün oldu ki deme gitsin! What a wedding it was! Demedim mi? colloq. I told you so. demet, -ti 1. bunch, bouquet (of flowers). 2. bunch (of greens). 3. sheaf (of grain). 4. phys. bundle (of rays). 5. bot. vascular bundle. — demet in bunches, in sheaves, demetlemek III to tie in a sheaf/a bunch, demetlenmek to be tied in a sheaf/a bunch, demin (.'.) just now, a second ago. demincek (/..) just a moment ago. deminden (/..) just now, a second ago. deminki, -ni (/..) of a moment ago. demir 1. iron. 2. made of iron. 3. the iron part of anything. 4. naut. anchor. 5. bar (of a door). 6. grille (of a window). 7. iron piece at the toe or heel of a shoe. — almak naut. to weigh anchor. — atmak 1. naut. to cast anchor, anchor. 2. colloq. to overstay one’s welcome. — boku iron slag. — dövmek to work iron. — gibi colloq. 1. strong, tough (material). 2. strong, powerful. 3. very cold, icy (water/hands/feet). — ıslanmaz, deli uslanmaz, proverb (Just as iron won’t absorb water, so a crazy person can’t be trained.) People and things have natural limitations which cannot be altered. — leblebi colloq. 1. impossible task. 2. man of steel.
   —  mataforası naut. anchor rack. — pası 1. rust. 2. rust color. — resmi natit. fee for anchoring, anchorage. — taramak naut. to
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                                                        drag its anchor. — tavında, dilber çağında. proverb Strike the iron while it is hot; marry off the girl while she is young. — tavında dövülür, proverb Strike while the iron is hot. — tozu iron filings. — üzerinde naut. with its anchor weighed. — e vurmak h! to put (s.o.) in chains. — yeri naut. anchorage, anchorage ground, demirağacı, -ni (./...) bot. she-oak, Casuarina. demirbaş 1. registered movable property, movable. 2. movable (property). 3. colloq. long -time functionary/employee, old-timer. — eşya permanent/heavy fixtures or equipment. Demirbaş Şarl hist. Charles XII of Sweden, demirci 1. blacksmith. 2. ironworker. 3. manufacturer/seller of iron or wrought iron; ironmaster. — körüğü forge bellows, blower. — mengenesi smith’s vise. — ocağı forge, demircilik 1. being a blacksmith; blacksmith-ing, blacksmithery. 2. being an iron worker.
   3.    being a manufacturer/a seller of iron or wrought iron, demirhane (..-—.) ironworks, demirhindi (./..) 1. bot. tamarind, Tamarindus indica. 2. slang stingy, closefisted, tight, demirkapan magnet.
demirkapi (./..) gorge in a navigable river. Demirkazık (..'..) astr. North Star, polestar, Polaris.
                                                        demirkin, -m (./..) iron gray (horse), demirlemek 1. h! to bolt, bar (a door). 2. h! to install bars (in a window). 3. naut. to cast anchor, anchor. 4. h! to put (s.o.) in chains, demirleşmek 1. to turn into iron. 2. to become as strong as iron, demirli 1. containing iron, ferriferous. 2.
   chained, bolted. 3. barred. 4. naut. anchored, demirlibeton (...'..) reinforced concrete, demirperde (./..) 1. hist. Iron Curtain. 2. theat.
   iron fireproof curtain, demirtaşır (./..) transferrin, siderophilin. demiryolcu (./..) railway worker; railroader, demiryolu, -nu (./..) 1. railroad, railway. 2. slang, dice double six, sixes. — makası railway switch, demiurgos (../.) demiurge, demlemek hi to steep, brew (tea), demlendirmek h! see demlemek, demlenmek 1. to be steeped, be brewed. 2. (for pilaf) to steam. 3. colloq. to drink, booze up. demli well-steeped (tea), demlik teapot.
demode out of fashion, out of style, demode, demograf demographer, demografi demography, demografik demographic.
Demokles’in kılıcı, -m sword of Damocles, demokrasi democracy, demokrat, -ti 1. democrat. 2. democratic, demokratik democratic.
                                                       Demokratik Almanya Cumhuriyeti, -ni hist.
   German Democratic Republic, demokratlaşmak to become democratic.
demokratlaştırmak hi to democratize, make (s.t.) democratic, demokratlık democracy, den tact.
denden ditto marks, ditto mark.
denek 1. subject (of a test/an experiment). 2.
    tried, tested and proved, denektaşı, -m (./..) 1. touchstone, Lydian stone.
    2.    touchstone, standard, denem med. test.
deneme 1. experiment, test. 2. lit. essay. — süresi trial period. — tahtası colloq. 1. guinea pig, patient used for experimentation/training.
    2.    thing used for practice. — uçuşu trial flight, test flight, denemeci lit. essayist, denemecilik lit. essay writing, denemek III to test, try; to experiment (with), denence hypothesis, denenme test, trial, denenmek to be tested, be tried, denet, -ti 1. inspection; audit. 2. control, supervision. 3. trial projection, inspection (of a finished film), denetçi inspector; auditor; controller, denetçilik inspection; auditing, denetici a controlling device, denetim 1. inspection; audit. 2. control, supervision.
denetimli under control, supervised, denetimsiz 1. uninspected; unaudited. 2. uncontrolled, unsupervised, denetimsizlik 1. lack of inspection/audit. 2.
    lack of control/supervision, denetleme 1. inspection; audit. 2. control, supervision.
denetlemek hi 1. to check, inspect; to audit. 2.
    to control, supervise, oversee, denetlenmek 1. to be inspected; to be audited.
    2.    to be controlled, be supervised, denetleyici 1. inspector; auditor. 2. supervisor.
    3.    control mechanism. 4. card sorter, denetmek /i, a/ to have (s.o.) try (s.t.). denetmen inspector.
deney experiment, test. — tüpü test tube, deneyci 1. experimental. 2. experimenter. 3. empiricist.
deneycilik 1. experimentalism. 2. empiricism, deneyim 1. experience. 2. experimentation. — kazanmak to become experienced, deneyimli experienced, deneyimsiz inexperienced, deneykap (./.) test tube, flask, or crucible, deneyleme experimentation, deneylemek hi to experiment on/with, deneylemeli experimental, deneyli 1. experimental. 2. empirical. — bilim empirical science, deneylik laboratory.
deneysel 1. experimental. 2. empirical. — bilim empirical science, deneyselci 1. experimentalist. 2. empiricist, deneyselcilik 1. experimentalism. 2. empiricism.
 deneyiistii
deneyüstü, -nü (./..) 1. transcendental. 2. metaphysical. 3. theoretical, deneyüstücü         transcendentalist.
deneyüstücülük (./....) transcendentalism, denge 1. equilibrium, balance. 2. sports balancing. — araçları equipment for balancing exercises, —si bozulmak 1. (for s.t.) to become unbalanced. 2. colloq. (for s.o.) to become (mentally/physically) unbalanced. — kalası sports balance beam, —sini kaybetmek 1. to lose its balance, lose its equilibrium. 2. colloq. to lose one’s sense of balance. — organı xinat. semicircular canal, dengelem fin. balançe, balance sheet, dengeleme \. phys., chem. balancing; equilibrium. 2. stabilization, dengelemek /ı/ 1. to balance. 2. to bring into balance. 3. to stabilize, dengeli 1. balanced. 2. moderate. 3. stable, stabilized.
dengelilik 1. balance. 2. moderation. 3. stability, dengesiz 1. out of balance. 2. immoderate. 3. unstable. 4. colloq. mentally unbalanced. — yürüme path, ataxia, locomotor ataxia, dengesizlik 1. imbalance. 2. immoderation, excessiveness. 3. instability. 4. colloq. mental instability.
-den hali, -ni gram, the ablative, the ablative case.
denilmek 1. /a/ to be called, be named. 2. to be said.
deniz 1. sea, ocean. 2. marine, maritime, nautical, naval. 3. waves, sea; a swell, —in açığı the offing. — e açılmak to put (out) to sea.
   —   albayı navy captain. — ataşesi naval attache. — de balık colloq. something not yet in hand, a bird in the bush, —deki balığın pazarlığı olmaz .proverb (You can’t sell the fish that is still in the sea.) It’s no use talking of how you will use something which you don’t yet possess. — baskını tidal wave, tsunami. — basması geol. marine transgression. — binbaşısı navy commander. — bindirmek for the sea to get rough suddenly, —den bir bardak/avuç su gibi colloq. like a drop in the ocean. — buzu sea ice. — buzulu ice mass formed at the seashore, —den çıkmış balığa dönmek colloq. to feel like a fish out of water. — dalgasız olmaz, gönül sevdasız olmaz, proverb There is no heart without love just as there is no sea without waves. — derya colloq. 1. the boundless seas. 2. all around, as far as the eye can see.
   —   derya ayak altında, colloq. You have a wide view of the sea, spread out and beneath you. — durdu/düştü. The sea has died down. — e düşen yılana sarılır, proverb (A drowning person will clutch at a snake.) A drowning person will clutch at a straw. — e elverişli seaworthy. — eri navy seaman. —
' feneri lighthouse. — den/—i geçip kıyıda/ çayda boğulmak colloq. to handle big problems successfully and come to grief over tri-
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   fles. — e girmek to bathe, go swimming (in the sea). — e girse kurutur, colloq. (If he/ she goes swimming he/she dries the sea up.) He/She can’t do anything right. — hamamı formerly an enclosure for sea bathing. — haritası naut. chart. D— Harp Akademisi Naval Academy. — hortumu waterspout.
   —  hukuku maritime law. — e indirmek /ı/ to launch (a ship). — iş kanunu law governing relations between employers, seamen, and longshoremen. — kabarmak for the sea to get rough. — kazası shipwreck; accident at sea. — kenarı seashore. — kenarında dalga eksik olmaz, proverb (The seashore is never free of waves.) Some places tend to attract trouble. — kenarında kuyu kazmak colloq. to do something the hard way. —leri kolla! naut. Ease the ship! — kredisi maritime credit. — kulübü seaside club; yacht club. —de kum, onda para, colloq. He/She has as much money as there is sand in the sea. — kurdu colloq. experienced sailor, sea dog, an old salt. — kuvvetleri naval forces. — mahkemesi admiralty court. — mili nautical mile. — müzesi naval museum; oceanographic museum.
   —  nakliyat şirketi shipping company. — otobüsü hovercraft; hydrofoil. — sigortası maritime insurance. — subayı naval officer.
   —  tarağı dredge, dredger. — tehlikesi com. sea risks. — ticaret hukuku maritime law.
   —  tutmak hi colloq. to get seasick. — tutması seasickness. — uçağı seaplane. — üssü naval base. — yarbayı navy commander. — yeli the steady offshore breeze of summer.
   —  yolları maritime lines. — yoluyla by sea.
   —  yosunu seaweed. — zabıtası maritime police. — de zabıt ve müsadere law right of prize.
denizalasi, -ni (./...) zool. sea trout, Salmo trutta.
denizaltı, -m (./..) 1. (a) submarine. 2. submarine, undersea. 3. open, exposed to the open sea.
denizaltici (./...) submariner, denizanaları, -ni (./....) zool. Aurelia!Scypho-zoa.
denizanası, -m (./...) zool. jellyfish, medusa;
   Portuguese man-of-war. denizaslam, -m (..'...) 1. zool. Steller’s sea lion, Eumetopia jubata. 2. colloq. a huge lump of a person.
denizaşırı (./...) overseas. — ticareti maritime trade, overseas trade. — ülkeler overseas, denizatı, -ni (./..) zool. sea horse, Hippocampus.
denizaygiri, -ni (./...) zool., see denizatı, denizayısı, -ni (./...) zool. southern fur seal, Arctocephalus. denizbilim (./..) oceanography, denizbilimci (./...) oceanographer, denizci seaman, sailor.
denizcilik 1. seamanship, employment as a
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denkleştirici
    sailor. 2. maritime. 3. maritime business, denizçakısı, -m zool. razor clam, Soleni-dae.
denizçulluğu, -nu         zool. sanderling, Cro-
    cethia alba.
denizdanteli, -ni (./...) zool. millepore, Mille-pora.
denizel marine; naval.
denizfili, -ni (./..) zool. elephant seal, Mirounga leonina.
denizgergedanı, -ni (./....) zool. narwhal, Monodon monoceros. denizgiizeli, -ni (./...) zool. maigre, Scianea aquila.
Denizhan mythology Neptune, denizhıyarı, -ni (./...) zool. sea cucumber, Holothurioidea. denizısırganı, -ni (./....) zool. sea nettle, a stinging jellyfish.
denizsirganlan, -ni (./....) zool. Acalephae.
deniziğnesi, -ni (./...) zool. European pipefish, Syngnathus acus. denizineği, -ni (./...) zool. Steller’s sea cow, Hydrodamalis gigas. denizkadayıfı, -m (./....) bot. badderlocks, henware, murlin, Alaria esculenta.
denizkaplumbağaları, -ni (./............) zool.
    Chelonidae.
denizkaplumbağası, -m (./.......) zool. sea turtle,
    sea tortoise, denizkazı, -m (./..) zool. barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis.
denizkedisi, -ni (./...) zool. ray, Chimaera. denizkestanesi, -ni (./.— ..) zool. sea urchin, Echinus.
denizkırlangıcı, -ni (./....) zool. tern, Sterna hirundo.
denizkızı, -ni (./..) 1. mermaid. 2. zool. sirenian, cowfish.
denizkizlan, -ni (./...) zool. sirenians, Sirenia. denizkozalağı, -m (./....) zool. cone shell, cone, Conus.
denizköpüğü, -nü (./...) meerschaum, denizkulağı, -nı (./...) 1. lagoon. 2. zool.
    haliotis, abalone. denizlaleleri, -ni (./—...) zool. sea lilies, Cri-noidea.
denizlalesi, -ni (./—..) zool. sea lily, denizlik 1. naut. splashboard. 2. (interior/exterior) windowsill, denizmarulu, -nu bot. sea lettuce, Ulva lactuca. denizmaymunu, -nu (./...) zool. ray, Chimaera. denizmenekşesi, -ni (./....) bot. sea bells, Convolvulus soldanella. denizminaresi, -ni (./.— ..) zool. screw shell, denizördeği, -ni (./...) zool. storm petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus. denizörümceği, -ni (./....) zool. a spider crab, Maja squinado. denizpalamudu, -nu (./....) zool. rock barnacle, acorn barnacle, Balanus balanoides. denizpeliti, -ni (./...) zool., see denizpalamudu, denizperisi, -ni (./...) zool. southern fur seal,
   Arctocephalus. denizpırasası, -m (./....) bot. an edible seaweed of Chile, Durvillaca. denizrezenesi, -ni (./....) bot. samphire, Crith-mum maritimum. denizsalkımı, -m (./...) zool. a mollusk that lives in clusters, denizsamuru, -nu (./...) zool. sea otter, Enhydra lutris. denizsel 1. marine, relating to the sea. 2. maritime.
denizserçesi, -ni (./...) zool. lapwing, pewit, Vanellus cristatus. denizşakayığı, -m (./....) zool. sea anemone, denizşakayıkları, -ni (./.....) zool. sea anemones, Actiniaria. deniztarağı, -ni (./...) zool. scallop, Pecten. deniztavşancılı, -m (./....) zool. osprey, fish hawk, Pandion haliaetus. deniztavşanı, -m (./...) zool. sea hare, Tethys. deniztekesi, -ni (./...) zool. shrimp, prawn, deniztilkisi, -ni (./...) zool. sea fox, thresher shark, thresher, Alopias vulpinus. denizyilam, -m (./...) zool. sea snake, Hydro-phis.
denizyıldızı, -m (./...) zool. starfish, Asterias rubens.
denizyıldızları, -ni (./....) zool. starfish, Aster-oidea.
denizyolu, -nu (./..) maritime line.
‘denk, -gi 1. half a horse-load, one side of an animal’s load. 2. bundle (wrapped in cloth), bale, rolled bundle; bedroll. — yapmak I. to make a large (cloth-wrapped) bundle. 2. Ill to wrap (things) into a bundle.
2denk, -gi 1. equal, in equilibrium, balancing, in trim. 2. suitable, timely, appropriate. 3. match, peer, equal. — bütçe balanced budget. —i dengine colloq. each with its equal.
   —     düşmek/gelmek colloq. to be suitable, be timely. — getirmek /ı/ colloq. 1. to introduce (s.t.) at the right time. 2. to carry out (s.t.) in a suitable manner, —ine getirmek III colloq. to choose the right moment (for), seize the occasion (for). — iyle karşılamak h! colloq. to reciprocate, denklem math, equation, —ler sistemi/dizgesi simultaneous equations.
‘denklemek /ı/ to tie up (clothing and bedding) in a large bundle.
2denklemek hi 1. to balance, make equal. 2. to trim (a boat).
‘denklenmek (for clothing and bedding) to be tied up in a large bundle.
2denklenmek 1. to be balanced, be made equal.
   2.    (for a boat) to be trimmed, denklenti biol., psych, compensation, denklentili biol., psych, compensatory, denkleşim 1. equivalence. 2. equilibrium, denkleşme equivalence, denkleşmek 1. to reach equilibrium. 2. to become equal, denkleştirici balancing. — kalemler balancing
denkleştirim                                        221
   items.
denkleştirim biol., psych. compensation, denkleştirme 1. balancing. 2. equalization. 3.
   colloq. gathering enough money (for a need), denkleştirmek hi 1. to balance, make equal. 2.
   colloq. to provide enough (money), denklik equality; balance, denkser equitable, denkserlik equity, justice, denkteş peer, equal, match.
‘denli tactful. — densiz söz söylemek colloq.
   to speak in an offhand, disrespectful manner. 2denli so ... (that): O denli yoruldu ki .... He got so tired that .... denlilik tact, tactfulness, denmek 1. /a/ to be called, be named. 2. to be said, densiz tactless.
densizlenmek to act tactlessly, densizleşmek to become tactless, densizlik inconsiderateness, tactlessness. — etmek to be tactless, do something tactless, denşirmek hi chem. to adulterate, denature, denyo slang 1. stupid, idiot, fool, ass. 2.
   something put up as a pledge, deodoran deodorant, deontoloji deontology, depar racing start.
departman department (of an organization/a business/a school/a college/a university), depilasyon depilation.
                                                           depilatif 1. depilatory (agent). 2. (a) depilatory, depilatuar (a) depilatory, deplasman sports 1. shift, a change in the position of the players. 2. away game, game played out of town (as opposed to a home game).
                                                           depo (/.) 1. depot. 2. warehouse, store. 3. slang a living storehouse of knowledge (teacher).
   —      etmek hi to store. — mevcudu stock, stock on hand, depocu (/..) warehouseman; stockman, depoculuk (/...) warehousing, depolamak hi to store, depolanmak to be stored, depozit, -ti see depozito, depozito (../.) deposit, advance payment, deppoy mil. depot, quartermaster’s store, deprem earthquake. — alanı region hit by an earthquake. — bölgesi seismic zone. — dalgası seismic wave. — e dayanıklı earth-quake-proof, earthquake-resistant. — odağı focus of an earthquake, epicenter, deprembilim (./..) seismology, deprembilimci (./...) seismologist, depremçizer (./..) seismograph, depremölçer (./..) seismometer, depremsel seismal, seismic, depremsiz aseismic. depremyazar (./..) seismograph, deprenmek prov. to struggle to get free, depresif psych, depressive, depresyon psych, depression.
                                                                                                dergin
                                                         depreşmek 1. (for s.t. undesirable) to reappear.
    2.    (for an illness) to relapse, recur, depreştirmek hi to reawaken, renew (s.t. undesirable).
 derakap (/..) obs. immediately afterwards, instantly.
 derbeder untidy, slovenly (person); disorganized (life style), derbederlik untidiness; disorganization, derbent obs. mountain pass, defile, dercetmek (/..) hf obs. to insert, include, derç obs. insertion, inclusion. — etmek hi see dercetmek.
 derdest, -ti obs. 1. in hand, in process of being done. 2. arrest, seizure. — etmek hi to arrest, seize.
                                                          dere 1. brook, stream, creek; stream bed. 2. valley. 3. valley in a roof, roof gutter. 4. gutter.
    —  gibi akmak colloq. (for blood) to flow like water. — yi görmeden paçaları sıvamak colloq., see suyu görmeden paçaları sıvamak. — tepe colloq. up hill and down dale.
    —  tepe düz gitmek colloq. to keep on going incessantly, —den tepeden konuşmak (söz etmek) colloq. to have a rambling conversation.
 derebeyi, -ni (./..) 1. feudal lord; local potentate; despot. 2. colloq. bully. — kesilmek colloq. to lord it over people; to take on a bullying attitude, derebeylik 1. feudalism. 2. land ruled by a local ruler. 3. the rank/station held/enjoyed by a local despot. 4. colloq. bullying, derece 1. degree. 2. rank, degree, grade. 3. thermometer. 4. so ... (that). — almak to place (in a competition), —sini almak hnl to take (one’s) temperature. — derece 1. by degrees.
    2.    of various degrees, derecelendirme 1. grading, arranging in grades, graduating. 2. rating, derecelendirmek hi 1. to grade, arrange in grades, graduate. 2. to divide into degrees, graduate; to mark with degrees, graduate. 3. to rate.
 dereceli 1. graduated. 2. graded, dereiskorpiti, -ni (./....) zool. miller’s-thumb, bullhead, Cottus gobio. derekayasi, -m (./...) zool. freshwater goby, gudgeon, Gobio fluviatilis. dereke obs. a lower degree, dereotu, -nu (./..) bot. dill, Anethum grave-olens.
 derepisisi, -ni (./...) zool. flounder, Pleuro-nectes flesus. dergâh (.—) dervish lodge, tekke, dergi periodical, review, magazine, dergici magazine publisher, dergicilik magazine publishing, dergilemek hi 1. to compile in a volume. 2. to codify.
 dergilik 1. suitable for a magazine. 2. enough for a magazine, dergin compiled.
derginleme
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ders
derginleme compilation, compiling, derginlemek hi to compile, derhal (/.) at once, immediately, deri 1. skin, hide. 2. leather. 3. peel, rind. — bağlamak (for a wound, sore, etc.) to heal, close up. — dilimi skin prepared for grafting. — hastalığı skin disease. — irinlenimi path, pyoderma. — kaplı leather-bound (book), —si kemiklerine yapışmak colloq. to be just skin and bones, be skinny, —sine sığmaz colloq. conceited, stuck-up. — yangısı path, dermatitis, —sini yüzmek /m/ 1. to flay, skin. 2. colloq. to rob (s.o.) blind. 3. colloq. to torture (s.o.) to death, derialtı, -ni (./..) 1. subcutaneous. 2. subcutaneous tissue, deribilim (./..) dermatology, derice path, dermatosis, derici 1. leatherworker. 2. leather dealer, dericilik 1. leatherworking. 2. leather trade, deriden med. percutaneous, deriiçi, -ni (./..) med. intradermal, intracuta-neous.
derikeser (./..) surg. dermatome, derilmek 1. to be picked, be picked up. 2. to be gathered, be collected. 3. to come together, gather, assemble, derim anthology, derimsi dermoid.
derin 1. deep. 2. profound. 3. bottom, depth, —den (a sound) from far away; from the depths. —lere dalmak colloq. to consider something deeply. — derin colloq. deeply, —den derine colloq. (a sound) from far away. — derin düşünmek colloq. 1. to be depressed and moody, fall into gloomy thought. 2. to be immersed in deep thought.
   —   dondurucu freezer, deep freezer, deep -freeze, —ine inmek /in/ to probe, examine (s.t.) carefully, go deeply into. — uyku deep sleep.
derinlemesine in depth, deeply, thoroughly, derinleşmek 1. to deepen, get deep. 2. /da/ to specialize in (a field of study). 3. (for sound) to fade away with distance, derinleştirme going deeply into a matter, derinleştirmek /ı/ 1. to deepen, make (s.t.) deeper. 2. to research (s.t.) thoroughly, go into (a subject) deeply; to investigate the details of.
derinletmek /i/ to deepen, make (s.t.) deep, derinliğine in depth, deeply, thoroughly, derinlik 1. depth; depths. 2. profundity. 3. the distant past. 4. distance from the front to the back (of a military unit), derinti prov. 1. accumulated things. 2. crowd, rabble, mob. derisidikenliler (../....) zool. Echinodermata. derişik chem. concentrated, derişim see derişme.
derişme 1. concentration, concentrating. 2.
   chem. concentration, derişmek 1. to concentrate, be concentrated. 2.
   chem. to concentrate, derivasyon diversion (of a stream of water from one channel to another). — kanalı diversion channel.
derk, -ki obs. comprehension, understanding. — etmek hi see derketmek. derken (/.) 1. in spite of the claim that. 2. just then. 3. acting in the hope that, while trying to. 4. on the assumption that, while thinking that.
derkenar (..—) obs. marginal note, derketmek (/..) Ill obs. to comprehend, understand, derlem (a) collection, derlemci collector, one who collects, derleme 1. choosing and gathering. 2. collected, selected. 3. anthology. D— Müdürlüğü office receiving repository copies of all books printed.
derlemek hi to gather together, collect, derleyip toparlamak hi colloq. to clean up, put (a place) in order, derlence anthology.
derlenmek 1. to be gathered, be collected. 2. to get o.s. organized, derlenip toparlanmak colloq. to pull o.s. together, derleyici anthologist, derleyicilik anthologizing, derli toplu (./ ..) colloq. 1. tidy. 2. well-organized.
derman 1. strength, power, energy. 2. remedy, cure. 3. medicine. — aramak colloq. to seek a remedy. — bulmak /a/ colloq. to find a remedy (for). — ı/—dan kesilmek colloq. to lose all one’s strength. — olmak /a/ colloq. to be a remedy (for), dermansız 1. exhausted, feeble, debilitated. 2. irremediable, incurable, beyond remedy. — dert colloq. irremediable illness/trouble, dermansızlaşmak to lose one’s strength, get feeble.
dermansızlık 1. debility, weakness. 2. being beyond cure, dermatolog dermatologist, dermatoloji dermatology, dermatoz path, dermatosis, derme 1. collecting. 2. collection. — çatma colloq. 1. gathered at random, with nothing special in common. 2. made of odds and ends; jerry-built.
dermek hi 1. to pick, pick up. 2. to gather, collect.
dermeyan (..—) obs., used in: — etmek hi to put forward (an idea), dernek association, society, club, dernekevi, -ni (./..) local meeting place of an organization, derneşik prov. well-organized, derpiş (.—) obs., used in: — etmek III to consider, bear in mind, ders 1. lesson, class; course. 2. warning, example, lesson. — almak /dan/ 1. to take lessons (from). 2. colloq. to learn a lesson from
dershane
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destek
   (a misfortune); to profit from (another’s example). — anlatmak to teach, lecture (to a class). —i asmak colloq. to cut a class, skip class. — çalışmak to study, göstermek /a/ to teach. — kesimi end of a school term.
   —  kitabı textbook. — olmak /a/ colloq. to be a lesson (to). — vermek /a/ 1. to teach.
   2. colloq. to give (s.o.) advice; to be a model (to). 3. colloq. to rebuke, scold. — yapmak to have a class, teach/study a lesson.
dershane (.—.)■!. classroom, schoolroom. 2. private school offering specialized courses.
derslik classroom.
dert 1. a chronic disease, sickness. 2. (a) trouble, (a) sorrow, (a) care, (a) worry. 3. complaint. 4. a troublesome problem. 5. prov. tumor, —ini açmak /a/ colloq. to confide one’s troubles (to). — ağlatır, aşk söyletir. proverb Troubles make a person weep; ,love makes one talk. — benim, tasa senin mi? colloq. It’s my worry; why are you fretting?
   —e çatmak colloq. to run into trouble. —, çekene göredir, proverb A trouble is as big as you make it. — çekmek colloq. to suffer, —ini çekmek Iml colloq. to suffer for (another person/thing); to be left holding the bag. — değil! colloq. It’s no trouble!
   —e dert katmak colloq. to pile one trouble on another, —ini deşmek/depreştirmek /in/ colloq. to remind (another) of his/her trouble.
   —  dökmek colloq. to talk about one’s troubles, —ini dökmek colloq. to pour out one’s troubles. — e düşmek colloq. to fall into trouble, —ine düşmek Iml colloq. to be deeply occupied with (s.t. special). — edinmek/etmek hi colloq. to occupy o.s. with (a worrisome problem). — e girmek colloq. to get into trouble. — i günü /in/ colloq. his/her special thought, his/her obsession, —ini Marko Paşa’ya anlat, colloq. (Tell your troubles to Marko Pasha.) Don’t bother me with your troubles. — olmak /a/ colloq. to become a worry (to). — ortağı colloq. 1. a sympathetic ear. 2. confidant. 3. fellow sufferer. — sahibi colloq. 1. troubled, having troubles. 2. having bad health, sickly, ailing, —ini söylemeyen/saklayan derman bulamaz. proverb You won’t get any help unless you tell someone what is troubling you. — yanmak /a/ colloq. to pour out one’s troubles (to), —ine yanmak colloq. to pity one’s fate, feel sorry for o.s. —in yoksa söylen, borcun yoksa evlen, proverb If you have no problems, complain, and if you have no debt, get married.
dertlenmek 1. to be upset, be distressed, be troubled, worry. 2. prov. to get sick.
dertleşmek 1. /la/ to have a heart-to-heart talk (with). 2. to pour out one’s grievances.
dertli 1. troubled, having troubles. 2. having bad health, sickly, ailing. 3. aggrieved, complain-ing.^
dertlilik trouble, being in trouble, having
   troubles.
dertop colloq. (rolled up) like a ball. — etmek hi to gather (things) together. — olmak 1. to roll up into a ball. 2. (for things) to be gathered together, dertsiz untroubled, free from trouble. — başını derde sokmak colloq. to get o.s. into trouble unnecessarily. — baş/kul olmaz. proverb Nobody is free of troubles, dertsizlik freedom from trouble, deruhte obs., used in: — etmek hi to undertake, take upon o.s. deruni (.-------) obs. 1. spiritual, inner. 2. heart-
                                                            felt. 3. phil. intrinsic, derviş 1. dervish. 2. colloq. humble person; tolerant person, —in fikri ne ise, zikri de odur. proverb What a person has on his mind comes out in his conversation, dervişlik 1. being a dervish. 2. colloq. humility.
   3.    colloq. submission to fate, derya (.—) 1. obs. sea, ocean. 2. colloq. very learned person. 3. colloq. sea, vast expanse (of s.t.). — gibi colloq. 1. very knowledgeable. 2. lots of, superabundant, deryadil (.—.) obs. tolerant, indulgent, derz pointing (between bricks in a wall), desen 1. design, pattern. 2. art drawing, desene (..'.) colloq. that means, so then, that is to say: Desene zengin olduk. That means we’ve become rich, desenli having designs, design-filled, patterned, desensiz without designs/patterns, plain, desibel decibel.
desigram decigram, Brit, decigramme, desikatör chem. desiccator, desilitre (../.) deciliter, Brit, decilitre, desimal decimal.
desimetre (../.) decimeter, Brit, decimetre, desinatör creator of designs and patterns, designer.
desise (.—.) obs. trick, plot, intrigue.
desiseci (.— ..) obs. trickster, plotter, intriguer.
desiseli (.— ..) obs. tricky, deceitful.
desister decistere.
despot, -tu 1. despot. 2. despotic.
despotizm see despotluk.
despotluk despotism.
destan epic, epic poem, epopee. — gibi colloq.
   very long (letter), destancı epicist, an epic poet, destani (.— —) 1. epic, epical. 2. epic, heroic, destanlaşmak to become legendary, become an epic; to become an epic hero, destansı epic, epical, resembling an epic, deste 1. bunch, bouquet. 2. packet, package. 3. pack (of playing cards). 4. hilt, handle. 5. greased wrestling the lowest of the five grades into which wrestlers are divided. — deste colloq. by dozens; in packets; in heaps, desteci carrier of sheaves in the field, destek 1. support; prop; beam used as a prop.
   2. stand, base, pedestal. 3. supporter. 4. brace.
   S. fin. subsidy, subvention. — akçe/m. sub-
destekbağı
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deve
   sidy, subvention. — atışı mil. fire support.
   —   görmek /dan/ colloq. to be supported (intellectually/morally) by, get (intellectual/ moral) support from. — koymak /a/ to prop up, shore up. — olmak /a/ colloq. to support (intellectually/morally). — programı comp. utility program. — vurmak /a/ see destek koymak.
destekbağı, -m (./..) anat. sustentaculum, destekdoku (./..) anat. connective tissue, destekleme support, supporting. — alımı com.
    support buying. — fiyatı support price, desteklemek h! 1. to prop up, shore up (with a prop). 2. to support (intellectually/morally), desteklenmek 1. to be propped up. 2. to be supported (intellectually/morally), destekli supported, propped up. destelemek h! to tie in sheaves/lots/bundles, destelenmek to be tied in sheaves/lots/bundles, desteleyici one who ties sheaves, destroyer (./.) navy destroyer, destur (.—) permission; leave. D—! (/.) Gangway !/Get out of my way!/Move it! — un colloq. if you’ll pardon the expression, destursuz without permission; without leave.
   —   bağa gireni sopa ile kovarlar, proverb (People who go into a vineyard without permission get driven out with sticks.) Intruders are not welcomed.
                                                             deşarj 1. discharge, releasing one’s tensions. 2. (of a battery) going dead, being discharged.
   —   olmak 1. to discharge o.s., release one’s tensions. 2. (for a battery) to go dead, be discharged.
                                                            deşelemek h/ 1. to scratch up (the ground). 2.
   colloq. to search, research, deşifre deciphered. — etmek hi to decipher (a cipher); to decode (a code). — olmak (for a secret organization or secret activities) to be exposed, be uncovered, be brought to light, come to light, deşik 1. lanced (boil). 2. scratched open. 3. dug up. 4. hole.
deşilmek 1. (for a boil) to be lanced. 2. to be scratched open. 3. to be dug up, be dug into. 4. colloq. (for a painful subject or a problem) to be opened up. deşmek h! 1. to lance (a boil). 2. to scratch open. 3. to dig up, dig into. 4. colloq. to open up (a painful subject or a problem), detant, -ti detente, detay detail, detaylı detailed, detektif see dedektif, detektör see dedektör. deterjan detergent, determinant, -ti math, determinant, determinasyon log. determination, determinist, -ti phil. 1. (a) determinist. 2. determinist, deterministic, determinizm phil. determinism, deuterium (../..) chem., see döteryum. deuteron phys., see döteron.
                                                           dev 1. giant. 2. gigantic. — adımlarıyla ilerlemek colloq. to make great strides. — anası
   1.    giantess. 2. colloq. huge woman. — gibi colloq. enormous, huge, gigantic, deva (.—) remedy, medicine, cure, devaimisk, -ki formerly a sweet-smelling halvah.
                                                           devalüasyon econ. devaluation, devalüe econ. devalued. — etmek h! to devalue, devam 1. continuation. 2. attendance, attending. D—! colloq. Go on! — etmek 1. to last, go on. 2. /a/ to continue, keep on; to carry on (with). 3. /a/ to attend. — ı var. to be continued (written at the end of an article/a serial). devamlı 1. continuous, continual, lasting, unbroken, uninterrupted, steady. 2. constant, assiduous; regular. 3. continuously, continually, devamlılık continuity, continuousness, devamsız 1. without continuity. 2. inconstant.
   3.    irregular (in attendance), devamsızlık 1. lack of continuity. 2. irregular attendance at work, absenteeism. 3. irregular attendance at school, devasa (.— —) enormous, huge, gigantic, devasız (.—.) 1. incurable, irremediable. 2.
   hopeless, insoluble, devaynasi, -m (/...) convex mirror, magnifying mirror, (kendini) —nda görmek colloq. to have inflated ideas about (o.s.). deve zool. camel, Camelus. — bağırtan colloq. steep and stony road, —nin başı! colloq. Stuff and nonsense !/Incredible! —ye binmek slang to take dope. — bir akçeye, deve bin akçeye, proverb (A camel for a coin; a camel for a thousand coins.) When you have no money you can’t buy a thing no matter how cheap it is; when you have money you buy it however expensive it is. —ye “Boynun eğri,” demişler, “Nerem doğru ki?” demiş. colloq. (They told the camel that his neck was crooked, and he answered, “Is there any part of me that’s straight?”) You’re talking about one particular error, but actually there’s no part of the thing that’s free of error. — boynuz ararken kulaktan olmuş, proverb (The camel lost his ears by trying to find horns.) A person can lose what he/she has by being too greedy, —den büyük fil var. proverb (There is something bigger than a camel: an elephant.) There is always someone mightier than you. — yi düze çıkarmak colloq. to overcome difficulties, get on the smooth road. — gibi colloq. huge and awkward (person). — hamuru gibi colloq. indigestible. —yi havuduyla yutmak colloq. to take advantage of one’s office and make a killing on the side, —ye hendek atlatmak colloq. to urge someone to try something impossible for him/her. — kini colloq. a great and lasting hatred, deep-seated rancor. — kolu hist, a column of camelry. — de kulak colloq. a drop in the bucket. — nalbanda bakar gibi colloq. with a look of blank
deveboynu
   astonishment, —nin nalı! colloq., see Devenin başı! — olmak colloq. (for money/food) to disappear, —nin pabucu! colloq., see Devenin başı! — yapmak hi colloq. to get (s.t.) by cheating. —yi yardan uçuran bir tutam ottur, proverb (It is a tuft of grass that makes the camel fall over the cliff.) A little greed can cause a great disaster. — yürekli colloq. cowardly, deveboynu, -nu (./..) 1. a curve like a camel’s neck. 2. gooseneck, swan-neck, swan’s neck, pipe shaped like an “S” or “U.” deveci 1. camel driver, cameleer. 2. camel owner. — ile görüşen kapısını yüksek açmalı. proverb (One who deals with a camel driver needs a tall door.) If a person mixes with rich and famous people he/she has to be prepared to pay the price, devecilik 1. camel driving. 2. camel raising, devedikeni, -ni (./...) bot. thistle, Carduus/ Cirsium/Onoporclon. devedişi, -ni (..'..) 1. (wheat) which has large grains. 2. (pomegranate) which has large seeds.
devedöşlü (./..) hollow-bellied (horse), deveelmasi, -ni (./...) bot. woolly burdock, Arctium tomentosum. devekuşu, -nu (./..) zool. ostrich, Struthio camelus. — gibi colloq. always finding excuses not to do something. — gibi başını kuma gömmek/sokmak colloq. to bury/hide one’s head in the sand, develope phot, developed (film). — etmek lit to develop (film), developman phot, development, deveran (..—) obs., biol. circulation, devetabanı, -m (./...) bot. monstera, Monstera deliciosci.
                                                       devetımarı, -m (./...) colloq. hasty and shoddy, slapdash (work), devetüyü, -nü (..'..) 1. camel hair, camel’s hair (a kind of cloth). 2. camel-colored, camel, devgözeli (/...) macrocytic. — kemik uru path.
   osteoclastoma, devim movement, motion, action, flux, devimbilim (./..) 1. dynamics. 2. kinetics. 3. kinematics.
devimbilimsel (./...) 1. dynamic, pertaining to dynamics. 2. kinetic. 3. kinematic, devimli moving, in motion. — resim picture that gives an illusion of motion, devimlilik being in motion, being in flux, devimsel dynamic, kinetic. — erke phys. kinetic energy.
devimselci phil. 1. (a) dynamist. 2. dynamistic. devimselcilik phil. dynamism, devimsellik being in motion, being in flux, devindirme h! causing (s.t./s.o.) to move, devindirmek /ı/ 1. to put (s.t.) in motion, move.
   2.   to cause (s.o.) to move, devinduyum (./..) kinesthesia, kinesthesis. devinduyumsal (./...) kinesthetic, devingen 1. dynamic, active. 2. capable of
225                                                devlet
          change. 3. moving, in motion, in flux, devingenlik 1. dynamism. 2. activeness, devingi motion.
      devinim movement, motion, action, flux, devinimli 1. capable of motion/action. 2.
          moving, in motion, devinimlilik 1. dynamism. 2. activeness, devinimsiz motionless, immobile, devinimsizlik motionlessness, immobility, deviniş motion, way of moving, devinme movement, motion, action, flux, devinmek to move.
      devir, -vri 1. revolution, turn. 2. revolving, turning. 3. period, epoch, era, age. 4. tour, circuit.
          5.    cycle; period. 6. transfer. — açmak to begin a new era. — anlaşması deed of transfer. — belgesi certificate of transfer. — harcı transfer stamp. — ücreti transfer fee. devirli phys. periodic.
      devirmek /il 1. to knock over, turn over, turn upside down; to upset, capsize. 2. to overthrow, overturn, depose, remove from power.
          3.    colloq. to knock back, toss off (a drink) in one go. 4. to tilt (s.t.) to one side. 5. colloq. to finish (reading a book), devirtmek /ı, a/ 1. to cause (s.t.) to be turned over. 2. to have (s.o./a government) overthrown, have (s.o.) deposed, devitken 1. activating. 2. stimulative, actuating, devitkenlik 1. activation. 2. stimulation, devitmek hi to move, put (s.t.) into action, put (s.t.) in motion; to turn on, run (a machine), devleşme becoming gigantic, devleşmek to become gigantic, devlet, -ti 1. state. 2. government. 3. prosperity, good luck. D—le! Good luck to you! (said to the departing guest). — adamı statesman.
          —  adama ayağıyla gelmez, proverb Wealth and success do not just come to a man on a silver platter. — baba colloq. the government, the state. D— Bakanı minister without portfolio. D— Bakanlığı the office and functions of a minister without portfolio. — bankası national bank. — başkanı head of state, president. — borçları public debt, national debt. D— Deniz Yolları the Turkish State Maritime Lines. — düşkünü colloq. (one) who has seen better days. — erkânı ministers and high officials. — hâzinesi national treasury. — hizmeti government service, civil service, —ler hukuku international law, the law of nations. — kapısı colloq. government service; government office.
          —  kuşu 1. colloq. good fortune, good luck.
          2. prov. owl. —in malı deniz, yemeyen domuz. proverb (The state’s wealth is an ocean; anyone who does not grab what he/ she can is as stupid as a pig.) The state’s wealth is boundless; only a fool would not get his/her share. D— Malzeme Ofisi the State Procurement and Supply Office. — memuru government official. D— Planlama Teşkilatı the State Planning Organization.
devletçe
226
dırdır
    D— Su İşleri the State Water Supply Administration. — şûrası council of state. — tahvili government bond. — varidatı public revenues.
devletçe (./.) on the part of the state, devletçi 1. partisan of state control. 2. compatible with state control, devletçilik state socialism, etatism. devlethane (..— .) house of prosperity (formerly, a polite reference to somebody else’s house).
devletlerarası, -ni (../...) interstate, interstatal. devletleştirme nationalization, devletleştirmek /i/ to nationalize, bring under state control, devletli 1. fortunate, favored by fortune, prosperous and happy (person). 2. hist, member of the Ottoman imperial family. 3. hist, (s.o.) who is a member of the Ottoman imperial family. 4. Ott. hist., see devletlu. 5. obs., colloq. person of high rank, bigwig. 6. obs., colloq. (s.o.) who is of high rank, who is a bigwig. 7. prov. owl. — gözü perdeli olur. proverb Great people are blind to some things. — ile deli bildiğini işler, proverb Great people and crazy people do whatever they want. — yanını kaşısa yoksul para verecek sanır, proverb (If a rich man scratches his side a poor man thinks he’s about to give him money.) When you are expecting a favor from someone you think that his every action is connected with this favor, devletlu Ott. hist. Illustrious (used as an honorific for various high officials): Devletlu faha-metlu efendim Illustrious and Glorious Sir. devletlü Ott. hist., see devletlu. devoniyen geol. 1. the Devonian period, the Devonian. 2. Devonian, of the Devonian, devralmak (/..) /i/ to take over (s.t.) (from), devran obs. 1. time, times. 2. wheel of fortune, fate.
devre 1. period; term, epoch. 2. session (of a legislature). 3. elec. cycle. 4. elec. circuit, —den çıkmak 1. colloq. (for s.o.) no longer to be a part of an activity/an effort. 2. (for a machine) no longer to be in use. — dışı 1. colloq. (s.o.) who is not taking an active part in an activity/an effort, who is sitting in the sidelines. 2. (machine) which is not being put into use. —ye girmek 1. colloq. (for s.o.) to become a part of an activity/an effort. 2. (for a machine) to be put into use. — kesicisi elec. circuit breaker, devren (/.) 1. by transfer of title. 2. (property) with its effects, with its contents; (business) with its personnel and effects, as a going concern. 3. as a sublet, as a sublease, devretmek (/..) 1. to turn, revolve. 2. /i, a/ to turn over, transfer (s.t.) to. 3. hi to read, go over.
devri (.—) 1. rotational. 2. periodical, cyclical, devriâlem (..— .) world tour, devridaim (/.—.) continuous cycle.
devrihindi (/..—) classical Turk. mus. a rhythmic pattern, devrik 1. folded, turndown, turned back on itself. 2. gram, inverted. 3. overthrown, deposed. — tümce gram, inverted sentence. — yaka turndown collar, devrilmek 1. to be turned upside down, be flipped over. 2. to be capsized. 3. to be overthrown, be deposed. 4. to fall over, devrim revolution.
devrimci 1. (a) revolutionary, revolutionist. 2.
    revolutionary, devrimcilik revolutionism, devrimsel revolutionary, related to revolution, devrimsellik revolutionariness, devrirevan (...—) classical Turk. mus. a rhythmic pattern.
devrisi prov. the next, the following (day, week, etc.).
                                                          devriye patrol, policeman’s beat, watchman’s rounds. — gezmek to patrol one’s beat, walk one’s rounds, devşirilmek 1. to be picked, be gathered. 2. to be folded up. devşirim 1. picking, gathering. 2. folding up.
    3.    amount picked at one time, devşirimli neat, tidy, devşirimsiz untidy, slovenly, devşirme 1. picking, gathering. 2. folding up.
   3. Ott. hist, recruiting boys for the Janissary corps. 4. Ott. hist, a boy taken into the Janissaries.
devşirmek /ı/ 1. to pick, gather. 2. to fold up; to roll up.
devşirtmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.t.) picked/gathered. 2. to have (s.t.) folded up. deyi 1. Logos. 2. the mechanisms of verbal expression (language, speech, mind, meaning, thought). 3. term, deyim 1. idiom, phrase, expression. 2. statement, report, what a person says, deyimleşmek to become an idiom, deyiş 1. style of speech. 2. prov. poem. 3. statement, report, what a person says, deyişbilim (./..) stylistics, deyyus vulg. cuckold; pander, dezavantaj (/...) disadvantage, dezenfeksiyon disinfection, dezenfektan 1. (a) disinfectant. 2. disinfectant, disinfective. dezenfekte disinfected. — etmek /ı/ to disinfect.
dığdığı (one) who pronounces r like g. dılak prov. clitoris.
dılı, -l’ı obs. 1. geom. side. 2. anat. rib. dımbırdatmak III to strum, thrum, twang, dımdızlak (/..) colloq. 1. bare, naked, bald. 2. destitute; empty-handed. — kalmak to be left without anything, diragon slang 1. penniless. 2. (a) bully, (a) tough.
dirav slang money, dough.
dırdır continuous grumbling; nagging. — et-
dır dır
   mek to grumble; to nag. dır dır (/ .) grumblingly; naggingly. dırdırcı 1. grumbler; nagger. 2. grumbling; nag-
   &ing. , ui .
dırdırlanmak to grumble; to nag. dırıltı 1. nagging, wearisome talk. 2. squabble.
   —     çıkarmak to start a squabble. — etmek to nag; to talk in a tiresome way. dırlanmak to complain, talk annoyingly, dırlaşmak to squabble, quarrel, dış 1. outside, exterior. 2. outer appearance; outer covering. 3. external, outer. 4. foreign.
   5.    geom. circumscribed, —mda Iml outside (of). — açı geom. exterior angle. — açık external deficit. — alacaklar foreign receivables. — âlem see dış dünya. — bellek comp, external memory. — borç foreign loans, —a çekim physiol, abduction. — çevre psych, external environment. — dünya external world. — ı eli yakar, içi beni (yakar). colloq. (His/Her outer appearance bums others; his/her inner self burns me.) 1. Others think him/her charming; I know him/her to be unpleasant. 2. It looks good on the surface, but inside it is terrible. — gebelik med. ectopic pregnancy. — gezegen astr. superior planet. — haberler foreign news. — hat 1. telecommunications external line. 2. telecommunications, transportation international line. —i hayhaylı, içi vayvayli. colloq., see Dışı eli yakar, içi beni (yakar), —ı kalaylı, içi alaylı, colloq., see Dışı eli yakar, içi beni (yakar), —mda kalmak /in/ to stay out of. — kapak (outer) cover (of a book). — kapının dış mandalı colloq. a very distant relative. — kıta sahanlığı outer continental shelf. — lastik auto, tire, casing. — pazar foreign market. — pazar araştırması foreign market survey. — sayrılıkları med. external diseases. — ticaret foreign trade. — varlıklar foreign assets, —a vurmak /ı/ to show, manifest. — yardım foreign aid. — yardım karşılıkları foreign aid counterparts. — yürek zarı anat. pericardium, dışaçeken (./..) anat. 1. abducent. 2. abductor, dışadönük (./..) 1. psych, extroverted, extrovert. 2. having strong external relations, dışadönüklük (./...) psych, extroversion, dışalım (/..) importing, importation, dışalımcı (/...) importer, dışalımcılık (/....) importing, import business, dışalımlamak (/....) hi to import, dışarı 1. out. 2. the outside, exterior. 3. the space outside. 4. the provinces (as opposed to the capital); the country (as opposed to the town). 5. foreign lands, abroad. — da 1. outside, out of doors, outdoors. 2. abroad, —dan 1. from the outside. 2. from abroad, —si outdoors, outside. —ya 1. outside, out, towards the outside. 2. abroad. — atmak hi to get rid of, throw out. — çıkmak 1. to go out. 2. colloq. to defecate, —dan evlenme
                                                                                                dışters
   exogamy, —ya fırlamak 1. to (jump up and) rush out. 2. (for eyes) to protrude, —dan getirtmek l\l to import. — gitmek 1. to go out; to go into the provinces. 2. to go abroad.
   —  satmak hi to export. — uğramak colloq.
   1.    (for eyes) to protrude. 2. to rush out. — vurmak colloq. 1. hi to show, manifest. 2. (for a spot) to show on the outside; (for an illness) to appear, become manifest, dışarılı provincial, (one) from the sticks, dışarlık the provinces, the sticks, dışarlıklı provincial, (one) from the sticks, dışasalak (/...) ectoparasite, dışaverimcilik (./....) see dışavurumculuk, dışavurum (./..) expression, expressing, dışavurumcu (./...) 1. (an) expressionist. 2.
   expressionist, expressionistic. dışavurumculuk (./....) expressionism, dışbaşkalaşım (/....) geol. exomorphism, dışbeslenen (/...) biol. heterotrophic (individual).
dışbeslenme (/...) biol. heterotrophy, heterotrophic nutrition, dışbükey (/..) convex. — çokgen geom. convex polygon, dışderi (/..) biol. ectoderm, dışevli (/..) exogamous. dışevlilik (/...) exogamy, dışık 1. chem. scoria. 2. tuff, tufa, dişil 1. external. 2. foreign, dışmlı phil. extrinsic.
dışişleri, -ni (/...) foreign affairs. D— Bakanı the Minister of Foreign Affairs. D— Bakanlığı the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, dışkı feces, dışkılama defecation, dışkılık zool. cloaca, dışkulak (/..) anat. outer ear. dışkutsal (/..) profane, secular, temporal, dışlak phil. extrinsic, external, accidental, dışlamak hi 1. phil. to exclude. 2. to cast out. dışlaşmak to be expressed, dışlaştırmak hi to express, dışmerkez (/..) geol. epicenter, dışmerkezli (/...) geom. eccentric, dışmerkezlik (/...) geom. eccentricity, dışmerkezlilik (/....) geom., see dışmerkezlik. dışodun (/..) bot. xylem, wood, dışplazma (.'..) biol. ectoplasm, dışrak phil. exoteric.
dışsal 1. external. 2. exogenous. — değişken exogenous variable, dışsatım (/..) exporting, exportation, dışsatıma (/...) exporter, dışsatımcılık (/....) exporting, being an exporter.
dışsatımlama (/....) exportation, dışsatımlamak (/....) hi to export, dıştan 1. phil. extrinsic; adventitious. 2. external. 3. from the outside, externally. 4. non-essential; acquired, dışters (/.) used in: — açı geom. alternate exterior angle.
dışyarıçap                                         228
                                dışyarıçap, -pı (/...) geom. distance from the center to an angle of a regular polygon, dışyüz (/.) outside, exterior; outer surface;
   appearance, dışzar (/.) bot. epicarp, exocarp, dızdık prov. anus, -mm dızdığı colloq. a friend of a friend, distant connection, dızdız prov. gadfly, horsefly, dızdızcı slang one of a gang of pickpockets;
   swindler, sharper, dızdızcılık slang swindling, dizgal slang beard, dizgalli slang bearded.
dızlak 1 .prov. bald. 2. slang well, good, going well.
dizlamak h/ slang to swindle, dia slide, filmslide, transparency, dialkol, -lü (/..) chem. glycol, diapozitif slide, filmslide, transparency, diba (— —) brocade, richly embroidered silk cloth.
dibek large stone/wooden mortar. — kahvesi coffee ground in a mortar.
Dicle (/.) the Tigris (river), didaktik 1. didactic, didactical. 2. didactics, didik didik (./ ..) colloq. pulled apart, picked to shreds, torn to shreds. — etmek /ı/ 1. to pull apart, pick to shreds, tear to shreds. 2. to manhandle, rough up. 3. to turn (a place) upside down, put (things) in disorder (in searching). 4. to examine very carefully. — olmak to be pulled apart, be picked to shreds, be torn to shreds, didiklemek /ı/ 1. to pull apart, pick to shreds, tear to shreds. 2. to manhandle, rough up. 3. to turn (a place) upside down, put (things) in disorder (in searching), didiklenmek 1. to be pulled apart, be picked to shreds, be torn to shreds. 2. to be manhandled, be roughed up. 3. to be turned upside down (in searching), didinmek to work hard, wear o.s. out. didişim phil. verbal controversy, logical disputation.
didişimci phil. 1. (an) eristic. 2. eristic, eristical. didişimcilik phil. eristic, controversy as a philosophical method, didişken fond of picking on people, aggressive, inclined to petty persecution, didişmek 1. to pick on each other, scrap, scuffle. 2. to work hard, wear o.s. out (to make a living), didon 1. obs., colloq. Frenchman. 2. slang snob.
   —      sakallı having an imperial, wearing a pointed beard on the chin, difana (./.) triple fishing net. diferansiyel 1. differential gear, differential.
   2.     math, differential calculus. — denklem math, differential equation, difraksiyon diffraction, difteri path, diphtheria, diftong, -gu phon. diphthong, diğer (/.) other, the other.
                                                                                                    dikey
diğerkâm (..—) obs. altruistic (person), dijital digital. — bilgisayar digital computer, dijitalin pharm. digitalin, dik, -ki 1. perpendicular. 2. straight, upright, erect (in standing). 3. steep. 4. fixed, penetrating, intent (look). 5. geom. right. 6. sharp, biting (remark). — açı geom. right angle. — âlâsı Iml colloq. the height of ..., the very worst of .... — bakışlı colloq. staring angrily, sharp looking. — başlı colloq. 1. conceited, stuck-up. 2. pigheaded, obstinate. — biçme geom. right prism. — dik colloq. severely, angrily. — dik bakmak /a/ colloq. to stare angrily, look fixedly (at). — durmak to stand upright. — kafalı colloq. pigheaded, obstinate. — rüzgâr naut. head wind. — ses a sharp voice/sound; harsh voice. — silindir geom. right cylinder. — sözlü colloq. rudely outspoken. — tutmak III to hold straight, hold upright. — üçgen geom. right triangle.
   —   yamuk geom. trapezoid with one right angle.
dikburunlu harharyas (/...) zool. porbeagle, Lamna nasus.
‘dikçe rather steep.
2dikçe prov. the axle of a winding reel or swift, dikdörtgen geom. rectangle, dikeç 1. digging stick. 2. anat. column, dikel prov. long-handled digging fork, dikeleç prov. dibble, dibber, dikelmek prov. 1. to become steep. 2. to stand erect. 3. to stand and wait. 4. /a/ to resist, defy.
dikeltmek hi prov. to set up (s.t.) straight, diken 1. thorn, pricker; barb; spine. 2. spine, quill. 3. thorny plant, thombush. — battığı yerden çıkar, proverb (You get a thorn out from the hole it went in.) In order to get rid of a problem you have to find its cause. — üstünde oturmak/olmak colloq. to be on tenterhooks, dikence zool. nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius.
dikendutu, -nu (./..) bot. blackberry, Rubus fruticosus.
                                                            dikene zool. small stickleback, Gasterosteus. dikenkurt (./.) zool. echinococcus. — sayrılığı path, echinococcosis, dikenli 1. thorny, prickly; barbed; spiny. 2. spiny, having quills. 3. full of thorny plants.
   —   tel barbed wire.
dikenlibalik (../..) zool. stickleback, Gasterosteus.
dikenlik bramble patch, thorn patch, dikenlisalyangoz          zool. murex, Mur ex.
dikenliyilan (../..) zool. death adder, Acan-thophis antarcticus. dikensi spinoid, spinelike. — çıkıntı anat.
   spinous process, dikensiz thornless, without prickers; barbless, unbarbed; spineless. — gül olmaz, proverb There is no rose without a thorn, dikey geom. perpendicular (line).
dikgen
dikgen geom. orthogonal, dikici 1. cobbler. 2. tailor, dikicilik 1. cobbling. 2. tailoring, work of a tailor.
‘dikili 1. set up vertically, placed upright. 2. planted. — ağacı olmamak colloq. to own nothing.
2dikili sewn; stitched; stitched up. dikilitaş (../.) obelisk (a stone monument), ‘dikilmek 1. to be set up, be erected. 2. to be planted. 3. to become erect. 4. colloq. to stand, stand and wait. 5. (for a guard) to be stationed. 6. to be built, be constructed, be put up. dikilip durmak colloq. to stand and wait (at a specified place).
2dikilmek to be sewn; to be stitched; to be made (by sewing); to be stitched up.
‘dikim planting.
2dikim sewing; stitching, dikimevi, -ni (./..) workshop where clothes are made.
                                                                dikimhane (..— .) obs., see dikimevi, dikine vertically, upright. — gitmek colloq. to do what one wants without regard for the feelings of others, ride roughshod over others. ' — tıraş slang the runaround, deception.
   —  tıraş etmek slang to give someone the runaround.
dikiş 1. sewing. 2. seam. 3. surg. stitch, suture.
   4. (a) gulp, —ini almak Iml surg. to remove (one’s) stitches. — dikmek to sew. — iğnesi sewing needle. — kaldı /a/ colloq. almost: Yanmasına dikiş kaldı. It almost burned.
   —  kutusu sewing box. — makinesi sewing machine. — payı 1. seam allowance. 2. margin, extra amount for contingencies. — tut-turamamak colloq. to be unable to hold a
   ^ job. — yeri 1. seam. 2. stitch scars, dikişçi dressmaker, sewing woman, dikişli 1. sewed, stitched. 2. surg. sutured, stitched.
dikişsiz 1. seamless. 2. without stitches. 3.
   ^ glued, not sewn, dikit, -ti geol. stalagmite, dikiz slang 1. peeking, peeping. 2. eye. D—! slang Look!/Look here! — aynası 1. rearview mirror. 2. safety mirror placed at a danger spot. — etmek/geçmek III slang to watch secretly, spy on; to peek at, peep at. dikizci slang 1. burglar’s lookout. 2. peeping Tom, voyeur, dikizcilik slang 1. the job of a burglar’s lookout. 2. voyeurism, dikizlemek h! slang to watch secretly, spy on;
   to peek at, peep at. dikkat, -ti careful attention. D—! 1. Be careful!/ Look out! 2. Notice! —e almak III to take note (of), take into consideration. —/—i çekmek to attract attention, —ini çekmek /m, a/ to call (s.o.’s) attention to (s.t.). — dağınıklığı aprosexia, inattentiveness. — etmek
   1. /a/ to pay attention to. 2. to be careful. — kesilmek colloq. to be all ears, pay careful
229                                                  Mil
         .attention. — toplaşımı psych, concentration, dikkatle carefully.
      dikkatli 1. attentive, careful, cautious. 2. attentively, carefully, cautiously, dikkatlice attentively, carefully, cautiously, dikkatsiz 1. careless, incautious, inattentive. 2.
         careless, slipshod, slovenly, dikkatsizlik 1. carelessness, incaution, inattentiveness. 2. carelessness, slipshodness, slovenliness. — etmek to be careless, be inattentive.
      dikleme see diklemesine, diklemesine vertically, upright, diklenmek 1. to become obdurate, get stubborn; to assume a threatening manner. 2. to stand erect. 3. to become steep, dikleşmek 1. to stand erect. 2. to become steep.
         3.    to become obdurate, get stubborn; to assume a threatening manner, dikleştirmek /ı/ 1. to erect. 2. to harden. 3. to make (s.t.) steep, diklik 1. erectness; perpendicularity. 2. steepness. 3. escarpment. 4. colloq. obstinacy. — etmek colloq. to be obstinate.
      ‘dikme 1. planting. 2. geom. perpendicular. 3. seedling, young plant. 4. an only child. 5. pole, post. 6. derrick; prop; single spar crane.
         —      ayağı geom. foot of a perpendicular. 2dikme sewing; stitching.
      ‘dikmek hi 1. to set up, erect. 2. to plant (a seedling/a tree). 3. colloq. to toss down (a drink) in one swig. 4. to station (a guard). 5. to shoot/throw (s.t.) directly up. 6. to build, construct, put up. 7. to set down (a ball) for play.
      2dikmek hi to sew; to stitch; to make (by sewing); to stitch up. dikmen prov. conical hill, dikse prov. a tree covered with birdlime and set up in the open when migratory birds are passing.
      diksiyon 1. diction. 2. intonation, dikta (/.) unchallengeable command. — rejimi dictatorial regime, diktacı (/..) supporter of a dictatorial regime, diktacılık (/...) being the supporter of a dictatorial regime, diktafon dictaphone, diktatorya (../.) dictatorship, diktatör dictator, diktatörlük dictatorship, dikte 1. dictation, uttering words to be taken down by someone else. 2. dictation, dictated material. — etmek 1. /i, a/ to dictate (a letter, etc.) to. 2. /a/ colloq. to dictate to (s.o.), to order (s.o.) around, diktirmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.t.) planted. 2. to have (s.t.) set up or erected.
                                                                     2diktirmek /i, a/ to have (s.o.) sew/stitch (s.t.). ‘dil 1. tongue. 2. language. 3. geog. promontory, point; spit. 4. bolt (of a lock); tenon (of a mortise). 5. index (of a balance). 6. sheave, pulley wheel. 7. reed (of a wind instrument).
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   8. hist, prisoner of war captured for interrogation. —i açılmak colloq. to start talking.
   —i ağırlaşmak (for a sick person) to have increasing difficulty in speaking. — ağız vermemek colloq. not to be able to talk, to be too sick to talk. — ailesi ling, family of languages. — akrabalığı the relationship between kindred languages, —inin altında bir şey var. colloq. (There is something under his/her tongue.) There is something he/she hasn’t come out with yet. —inden anlamak /in/ 1. to understand (another’s) speech. 2. colloq. to be familiar with (s.t.). — atlası linguistic atlas. — avcısı spy. —ini bağlamak Iml colloq. to silence, —inden bal akmak Iml to talk sweetly. — iyle belaya uğramak (—inin belasını çekmek/bulmak) colloq. to suffer because of speaking thoughtlessly/indiscreetly. — bir karış /da/ colloq. impudent, rude in his/her replies. —i bir karış dışarı çıkmak colloq. to pant (from overexertion/thirst). —i bozuk colloq. 1. unable to speak clearly. 2. foulmouthed, —inin cezasını çekmek colloq. to suffer for one’s thoughtless words. —i çalmak /a/ colloq. to have the accent (of). — çıkarmak 1. to stick out one’s tongue in defiance/mockery. 2. /a/ colloq. to make fun of. — i çözülmek colloq. to start to talk. —i damağı kurumak (—i damağına yapışmak) colloq. to be very thirsty. — lere destan olmak colloq. to be renowned, be celebrated, —den dile dolaşmak colloq. to be talked about, become renowned/notorious. —ine dolamak /i/ colloq.
   1. to keep on saying (the same thing). 2. to keep on running down (s.o.). — i dolaşmak colloq. to mumble, stumble in one’s speech.
   —lerde dolaşmak colloq. to be talked about (everywhere), —/—ler dökmek /a/ colloq. to try to flatter/persuade (s.o.). —i döndüğü kadar colloq. (to explain s.t.) as best one can. — i dönmemek colloq. to be unable to get one’s tongue around a word. — i durmamak colloq. 1. to talk on and on. 2. to say things better left unsaid. — e/—lere düşmek colloq. to become a subject of gossip, —inden düşürmemek III colloq. to bring up (a matter) repeatedly. — ebesi colloq. garrulous, talkative. —i ensesinden çekilsin! colloq. May his/her tongue be pulled out! —ini eşekarısı soksun! colloq. (May your/his/her tongue be stung by a hornet!; Curse you/ him/her for saying that! —ini fare mi yedi? colloq., see Dilini kedi mi yedi? —den gelen elden gelse, her fukara padişah olur. proverb If wishes came true beggars would be kings. —e gelen ele gelir, proverb People who keep stating their intentions generally carry them out. — e gelmek colloq. 1. to start to talk. 2. to become a subject of gossip.
   —e getirmek hi 1. to express. 2. colloq. to make (s.o.) talk. 3. colloq. to make (s.t.) a subject of gossip, —lerde gezmek colloq.,
                                                                                                            xdil
                                                                 see dillerde dolaşmak. — kavgası quarrel.
—   kayması slip of the tongue, —ini kedi mi yedi? colloq. Has the cat got your tongue? —in kemiği yok. proverb (The tongue has no bones.) One can say anything one likes, —ini kesmek colloq. 1. to shut up. 2. Iml to silence. — e kolay colloq. easy to say (but difficult to do), —inden kurtula-mamak Iml colloq. not to be able to get out from under (another’s) reproaches and complaints. —i kurumak colloq. to be very thirsty. — kurumu language society. —i kurusun! colloq. Curse his/her tongue! —ini mi yuttun? colloq. Have you swallowed your tongue? — oğlanı hist, apprentice in the translator’s office of an embassy. —i olsa da söylese, colloq. If only it could talk! —i pabuç kadar colloq. given to making impudent replies. — pelesengi colloq. filler word, habitual expression, —ine pelesenk etmek hi colloq. to keep on saying (the same thing), —ine sağlam olmak colloq. 1. to be discreet.
2.  to avoid bad language. — im seni dilim dilim dileyim, başıma geleni senden bileyim. proverb (My tongue, I’ll slice you to bits to get even for what you have done to me.) A person who says the wrong thing may regret it later, —iyle sokmak /i/ colloq. to hurt (s.o.) with one’s words, —ine takmak hi colloq. 1. to keep on saying (the same thing). 2. to keep on running down (s.o.). —ini tutamamak colloq. to be indiscreet; to have a compulsion to talk. — tutmak hist. to capture an enemy for interrogation, —ini tutmak colloq. to hold one’s tongue. — i tutuk colloq. tongue-tied. — tutukluğu an-arthria, inability to articulate words. — i tutulmak colloq. to be tongue-tied, —iyle tutulmak colloq. to be betrayed by one’s own words, —in tutulsun! colloq. Curse your tongue! —inde tüy bitmek colloq. to be tired of repeating something, —imin ucunda colloq. on the tip of my tongue, —inin ucuna gelmek colloq. to be about to say (s.t.). —inin ucunda olmak colloq. to be on the tip of one’s tongue, slip one’s memory. — uzatmak /a/ colloq. to malign, defame. — i uzun colloq. impudent, insolent. — i varmamak /a/ colloq. to be unwilling to say (s.t. unpleasant). — im varmıyor, colloq. I can’t bring myself to say it. — e vermek hi colloq. to divulge, reveal (a secret). D— ve Tarih -Coğrafya Fakültesi the Faculty of Languages, History, and Geography (in Ankara University), —ine virt etmek hi colloq. 1. to keep on saying (the same thing). 2. to keep on running down (s.o.). —iyle yakalanmak colloq., see diliyle tutulmak, —i yanmak /dan/ colloq. to be devastated (by a horrible experience). — i yatkm colloq. having a gift for languages, —inin yettiği kadar colloq. (to explain s.t.) as best one can. —ini yutmak colloq. to be thunderstruck, be struck
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   dumb. —i zifir colloq. (one) who habitually offends others.
2dil poet. heart. — yarası wounded feelings caused by harsh words, dilaltı, -m (/..) 1. pip (in fowls). 2. sublingual, hypoglossal. — bezleri anat. sublingual glands. — siniri anat. hypoglossal nerve, dilbalığı, -ni (/...) zool. sole, Solea solea. dilbasan spatula, tongue depressor, dilbaz eloquent, pleasant and persuasive in conversation, dilber beautiful (woman), dilberdudağı, -ni (./...) a sweet pastry in the shape of lips, dilbilgisel (/...) grammatical, dilbilgisi, -ni (/...) grammar, dilbilim (/..) linguistics, dilbilimci (/...) linguist, dilbilimsel (/...) linguistic, dilci linguist.
dilcik I. bot. ligule. 2. zool. ligula (of an insect). 3. reed (of a wind instrument), dilcilik language research, dildaş 1. someone who speaks the same language. 2. (s.o.) who speaks the same language. — olmak to speak the same language, dilegetirim (./...) expression, expressing, dilek 1. wish; request. 2. gram, optative (mood).
   —   kipi gram, the optative, the optative mood.
dilekçe (./.) petition, written application, dilekçeci (./..) writer of petitions, street letter -writer, dilekçi petitioner.
dilemek /i/ 1. to wish. 2. to wish (for). 3. to ask (for), request, dilediğini yapmak to do as one pleases, dilemma dilemma.
dilenci 1. beggar. 2. importunate beggar. — bir olsa şekerle beslenir, proverb If we only had to give alms to one beggar we could provide him/her with luxuries, —ye borçlu olma, ya düğünde ister, ya bayramda. proverb (Don’t borrow from a beggar or he/she will ask for his/her money at a festival or feast.) Don’t deal with a shameless person or he/she will shame you in public.
   —   çanağı gibi colloq. full of odds and ends.
   —   değneğine dönmek colloq. to become very thin, —ye hıyar vermişler de, eğri diye beğenmemiş, colloq. (When they gave the beggar a cucumber he/she complained because it was crooked.) He/She demands a lot but is grateful for nothing, —nin torbası dolmaz, proverb (A beggar’s bag never gets full.) Beggars are never satisfied. — vapuru colloq. steamer that calls at every dock.
                                                             dilencilik 1. begging, mendicancy. 2. impor-tunacy. — etmek to go around begging, dilendirmek /ı/ 1. to reduce (s.o.) to the condition of a beggar. 2. to have (s.o.) beg. dilenmek 1. to beg, be a beggar. 2. /i/ to beg, plead for, ask for. dilenemez dilenci colloq.
                                                                                               Dimyat
   very poor person who can’t make himself/ herself ask for help, dilgoz slang stupid, foolish, blockheaded.
-di’li geçmiş zaman past tense containing the morpheme -di. dilim 1. slice, piece. 2. section of a radiator.
   3.    comp, sector. — dilim in slices. — dilim etmek /ı/ to slice.. dilimleme slicing, cutting into slices, dilimlemek /ı/ to slice, cut (s.t.) into slices;
   to section (a citrus fruit), dilimlenme being sliced, being cut into slices, dilimlenmek to be sliced, be cut into slices, dilimli sliced, cut up into slices. — ekmek sliced bread, dilinim geol. cleavage.
dillendirme 1. /ı/ causing (s.o.) to be gossiped about. 2. lit. prosopopoeia, dillendirmek /ı/ to cause (s.o.) to be gossiped about.
 dillengeç prov. household word, common expression.
                                                          dillenmek 1. to begin to talk, find one’s tongue.
   2.    colloq. to become overtalkative. 3. colloq. to become a subject of gossip, dilleşmek 1. to chat; /la/ to chat with. 2. prov.
   to quarrel, dilli talkative, loquacious, dillidüdük (./..) 1. a reed whistle. 2. colloq. chatterbox, windbag. 3. colloq. one who repeats everything he/she hears. — etmek hi colloq. to spread (gossip/a rumor), dillilik talkativeness, loquacity, dilmaç interpreter, dragoman; translator, dilmaçlık interpreting, orally translating between people, translating, dilme 1. slicing. 2. square pole, dilmek hi to slice, cut into slices, dilmik anat. lobe. — çıkarımı surg. lobectomy, dilmikçik anat. lobule.
dilpeyniri, -ni (/...) a mild, rubbery-textured cheese made in strips, dilsel linguistic.
 dilsiz 1. dumb, mute. 2. colloq. silent, not speaking.
dilsizlik dumbness, dilüviyum (./..) geol. diluvium, dimağ 1. anat. brain. 2. brain, mind, dimağçe anat. cerebellum, dimdik (/.) 1. straight as a rod, bolt upright, very erect. 2. straight up. 3. very steep; precipitous. 4. colloq. (looking) fixedly, pene-tratingly, intently. 5. (standing up) well; with one’s head up. 6. directly, straight ahead, straight on. — ayakta durmak colloq. not to have been destroyed, to survive intact. — durmak 1. to stand erect. 2. colloq. to hold fast to one’s point of view, dimi text, dimity, fustian.
«diminuendo (.../.) mus. diminuendo.
 Dimyat (/.) Damietta. —’a pirince giderken evdeki bulgurdan olmak colloq. to lose what one has in the effort to get something
dimyat
 232
dinsiz
    better.
dimyat, -tı bot. a thick-skinned white grape, ‘din 1. religion; belief, faith. 2. a religion. 3. colloq. one’s commitment. — adamı religious functionary. — i bir uğruna for the sake of Islam. —i bütün sincerely religious, entirely given to the Islamic faith and observing its laws. — değiştirmek (—inden dönmek) to change one’s religion, —inden döner, davasından dönmez, colloq. He/She would sooner give up his/her religion than his/her cause. — im hakkı için I swear by my faith, —den imandan çıkmak to get angry and swear. — iman hak getire, colloq. There’s not a spot of religion in him/her.
    —i imam para, colloq. He/She lives and breathes money, —ine yandığım colloq. damned.
2din phys. dyne.
3din prov. distant, far-off, remote. — doruğu/ tepesi a far-off place, dinamik 1. dynamics. 2. dynamic, dinamikleşme becoming dynamic, dinamikleşmek to become dynamic, dinamit, -ti dynamite. — lokumu gelignite, dinamitlemek /ı/ 1. to dynamite. 2. colloq. to torpedo (an effort/an enterprise), dinamitlenmek 1. to be blown up with dynamite. 2. colloq. (for an effort/an enterprise) to get torpedoed, dinamizm dynamism, dinamo (./.) dynamo, dinamometre (.../.) dynamometer, dinar dinar (monetary unit of Iran, Iraq, Tunisia, and Yugoslavia), dinbaşkanı, -m (/...) caliph, dinbilim (/..) theology, dinbilimci (/...) theologist, theologian, dinbilimsel (/...) theological, dincelmek to become energetic and vigorous, become robust and active, dincierki, -ni (./..) theocracy, dincierkil (./..) theocratic, dinç 1. energetic and vigorous, robust and active. 2. untroubled, unconcerned, insouciant, dinçleşmek to become energetic and vigorous, become robust and active, dinçlik 1. being full of energy and vigor, being robust and active. 2. being untroubled, unconcern, insouciance, dindar religious, devout, pious, dindarlık religiousness, devotion, piety, dindaş coreligionist. — olmak to be of the same religion, dindışı, -m (/..) nonreligious, secular, dindirmek 111 1. to stop, cut, halt (pain/bleeding). 2. to stop (tears). 3. to quench, slake (thirst). 4. to stop (a noise). 5. to stop (wind/ rain/snow).
dinelmek prov. 1. to stand, remain standing; to stand up, get to one’s feet. 2. to insist. 3. /a/ to take a stand against, dineri (./.) playing cards diamonds.
dinerkçi (/..) clericalist, dinerkçilik (/...) clericalism, dinerki, -ni (/..) theocracy, dinerkil (/..) theocratic, dingi naut. dinghy, dingil axle, axletree.
dingildeme 1. swaying, sway; wobbling, wobble. 2. trembling (with fear), dingildemek 1. to sway; to wobble. 2. to tremble (with fear), dingin 1. chem. inactive. 2. inactive (volcano).
   3.     calm. 4. exhausted, dingincilik quietism.
dinginleşme getting calm, calming down, dinginleşmek to get calm, calm down, dinginlik 1. quietness, calm. 2. inactivity; inertness.
dini (— —) religious; pertaining to religion, dink, -gi prov. 1. large pestle. 2. stick for beating homespun wool, dinleme hi 1. listening. 2. med. auscultation.
   —      aleti stethoscope. — salonu auditorium, dinlemek hi 1. to listen to, hear. 2. to pay attention to; to obey, conform to. 3. med. to auscultate, dinlence vacation, dinlendirici restful, relaxing, dinlendirilmek 1. to be rested, be allowed to rest. 2. (for ground) to be left fallow. 3. to be set aside (so dough can rise or sediment can settle). 4. prov. (for a fire or light) to be put out.
dinlendirilmiş 1. aged (wine). 2. fallow (ground).
dinlendirmek III 1. to rest, let rest. 2. to leave (ground) fallow. 3. to set aside (so dough can rise or sediment can settle). 4. prov. to put out (a fire or light), dinlenek camp.
dinlenme rest, relaxation. — kampı holiday camp. — yeri resort, vacation place, ‘dinlenmek 1. to rest, relax. 2. to be set aside (to mellow/to rise/to settle).
2dinlenmek 1. to be heard and obeyed. 2. to be listened to. dinleti mus. concert.
dinletim a musical performance with commentary.
dinletmek /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) listen to or obey, dinleyici listener, —ler audience, dinleyicilik being a listener, dinmek 1. (for pain/bleeding/tears) to stop, cease. 2. (for one’s thirst) to be quenched, be slaked. 3. (for a noise) to stop. 4. (for wind/rain/snow) to stop, cease, end. dinozor zool. dinosaur, Dinosauria. dinozorlar zool. Dinosauria. dinöncesi, -ni (/...) preanimism, prereligion, dinsel religious, pertaining to religion. — tören religious service, dinsellik religiosity, religiousness, dinsiz 1. irreligious, unbelieving, disbelieving.
   2. colloq. cruel, pitiless, —in hakkından
dinsizlik                                          233
   imansız gelir, proverb (It takes an unbeliever to beat an atheist.) Set a thief to catch a thief.
dinsizlik 1. irreligion, unbelief, disbelief. 2. colloq. cruelty, dinyayar (/..) (a) missionary, proselytizer. dinyayici (/•••) missionary, proselytizing, dip 1. bottom; foot, lowest part. 2. the far end, back, —ini bulmak /ml colloq. to use up (s.t. stored in a container). — e çökmek to sink to the bottom, settle, —ine darı ekmek Iml .colloq. to use up, finish off. — doruk colloq. completely, from head to foot, thoroughly. —ine gelmek colloq., see dibine inmek. —i görünmek colloq. to be emptied.
   —i görünmeyen sudan geçme, proverb (Don’t wade where you can’t see the bottom.) Don’t get involved in something that you don’t fully understand, —ine inmek colloq. to be nearly used up. — i kırmızı bal-mumuyla çağırmadım ya! colloq. I didn’t invite him/her; he/she just turned up of his/ her own accord. — i tutmak (for cooking food) to stick to the pan and burn, dipçik butt (of a rifle). — kuvvetiyle by force, dipçiklemek hi to club with a rifle butt, dipçiklenmek to be clubbed with a rifle butt, dipdiri (/..) 1. full of life, energetic. 2. well -developed, shapely. 3. fresh, dipfriz (/.) freezer, deep freezer, deep-freeze. dipkoçanı, -m (/...) stub, counterfoil, diplarya (./.) zool. a small plaice, a small European flounder, diplemek slang to fail (in school), diplik 1. mounting, background. 2. theat. set. diploma (./.) 1. diploma. 2. (professional) license, certificate, diplomalı (./..) 1. having a diploma. 2. licensed, certified.
diplomasız (./..) 1. having no diploma. 2. without a license, unlicensed, uncertified, diplomasi diplomacy, diplomat, -ti diplomat, diplomatik diplomatic.
diplomatlık 1. diplomacy. 2. profession of a diplomat, dipnot, -tu (/.) footnote, dipsiz 1. bottomless. 2. colloq. unfounded, false.
   3.     unfathomable. — kile, boş ambar, colloq. (A bottomless basket, an empty bin.) 1. He/She spends everything he/she gets. 2. It will never be of any use. — testi colloq. spendthrift, squanderer, dipyüzey (/..) background, dirayet, -ti (.—.) 1. ability. 2. skillfulness. 3.
   discernment, perception, dirayetli (.— ..) 1. able, effective, capable. 2. skilled, skillful; successful. 3. discerning, perceptive.
dirayetsiz (.— ..) 1. incapable. 2. unskilled. 3.
   imperceptive. dirayetsizlik (.—...) 1. incapability. 2. lack of skill. 3. imperceptiveness.
                                                                                                        diriğ
 direk 1. pole, post. 2. mast. 3. beam, rafter. 4. colloq. pillar, mainstay, central person. — direk bağırmak colloq. to shout at the top of one’s voice. — gibi colloq. 1. tall as a post. 2. rough, coarse (voice), direksiyon 1. steering mechanism. 2. steering wheel, —da in the driver’s seat; driving.
   —       boşluğu play in the steering. — u kırmak to turn the wheel hard. — mili steering column. — sallamak slang to be at the wheel. — simidi steering wheel, direkt, -ti 1. directly, without intermediaries.
   2. direct, nonstop, direktif directive, instruction, order. — almak /dan/ to take orders (from). — vermek /a/ to give orders (to), direct, direktör 1. director. 2. principal, direktörlük 1. directorship. 2. post of a school principal.
 diremek hi prov. to support, hold up.
 ‘diren med. tube, catheter, drain.
2diren prov., see dirgen, direnç resistance, dirençli 1. resistant. 2. tough, dirençsiz having low resistance, dirençsizlik low resistance, direngen stubborn, obstinate, obdurate, direngenlik stubbornness, obstinacy, obduracy, direngi unwillingness, reluctance, nolition. direnim 1. obstinacy. 2. resistance, act of resisting.
direniş 1. resistance, opposition. 2. boycott, direnişçi 1. resister, resistant. 2. resisting, opposing.
direnlemek hi to pitchfork, pitch, winnow (hay, stalks of grain) with a pitchfork, direnme 1. resistance, opposition. 2. persistence, direnmek 1. to put one’s foot down. 2. /da/ to insist on. 3. to resist, hold out. diren ti resistance, opposition, direşim determination, persistence, perseverance.
direşken determined, persistent, persevering, direşkenlik determination, being determined, persistence, perseverance, direşme determination, persistence, perseverance.
direşmek to be determined, persist, persevere, diretmek to insist (on) (having one’s own way), direy zool. fauna, dirgen prov. pitchfork.
dirhem 1. drachma (400th part of an oka), 3.1 grams. 2. hist, drachma (silver ccin). — dirhem colloq. bit by bit, in driblets. — kadar colloq. a small quantity, very little, diri 1. alive, living. 2. vigorous, energetic, lively. 3. fresh. 4. undercooked; rare. — açımı med. operation, surgery. — diri 1. alive, while alive, while living. 2. undercooked; rare. — örtü bot. green cover, vegetation, diricik microorganism, diricikkican (../..) med., see dirimkiran. diriğ obs., used in: — etmek /ı, dan/ to refuse
diriksel
   to give (s.o.) (s.t.), withhold (s.t.) from, diriksel animal, physiological. — ısı animal heat.
‘diril see diriksel.
2diril drill (cloth).
dirilik 1. life, liveliness. 2. vigor. 3. freshness, diriliş 1. coming back to life, revival, revivification, resuscitation, reanimation. 2. coming back*in vogue, revival, resurrection, resurgence. 3. resurrection, rising again from the dead.
dirilmek 1. to be revived, be refreshed, be invigorated, regain one’s strength. 2. (for a plant) to be revived. 3. to recover, regain one’s health. 4. to come back to life, be revived, be revivified, be resuscitated, be reanimated1. 5. to come back in vogue, be revived, be resurrected, resurge, diriltken med. analeptic, diriltmek l\l 1. to revive, refresh, invigorate. 2. to revive (a plant). 3. to make (s.o.) recover, make (s.o.) regain his/her health. 4. to bring (s.o./an animal) back to life, revive, revivify, resuscitate, reanimate. 5. to bring back in vogue, revive, resurrect, dirim life. — konisi bot. vegetative cone, dirimbilim (./..) biology, dirimbilimci (./...) biologist, dirimbilimcilik (./....) phil. biologism. dirimbilimsel (./...) biological, dirimkiran med. antibiotic, dirimkurgu (./..) bionics, dirimkurgusal (./...) bionic, dirimli 1. living, alive. 2. having a life cycle, organic. 3. lively, vigorous, dirimlik vital, dirimlilik vitality, dirimölçüm (./..) biometry, dirimsel 1. vital. 2. biological, dirimselci phil. 1. (a) vitalist. 2. vitalistic, vitalist. dirimselcilik phil. vitalism, dirimsellik vitality, dirimsiz nonliving, inanimate, dirimsizlik lack of life, inanimateness, dirlik 1. peace, peaceful coexistence. 2. comfortable living, affluence. 3. livelihood, subsistence. — düzenlik colloq. harmony in social relations, peace. — yüzü görmemek colloq. to fail to reach a state of comfort and harmony.
dirliksiz 1. lacking peace and harmony. 2. hard to get along with, difficult, quarrelsome, dirsek 1. anat. elbow. 2. bend, turn (in a line/ a road/a river). 3. (pipe) elbow. 4. prop, shore (placed at an angle). — çevirmek /a/ colloq. to drop (s.o.) socially. — çıkıntısı anat. olecranon, funny bone, crazy bone. — çürütmek colloq. to study long and hard. — kemiği anat. radius, dirseklemek /ı/ to elbow, push (s.o.) with one’s elbow.
dirseklenmek 1. to make a turn, bend. 2. to be
234                                                diş
         elbowed.
                                                                dirseklik 1. usable as an elbow/a prop. 2. (leather) good for making an elbow patch, disiplin 1. discipline. 2. branch of knowledge, branch of instruction, subject. — cezası disciplinary punishment. — kurulu discipline committee. — suçu infraction of the rules, disiplinli disciplined; having strict discipline, disiplinsiz undisciplined, lacking discipline. DISK (abbr. for the former Devrimci işçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonu) C.R.L.U. (Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions), disk, -ki 1. sports discus. 2. (phonograph) record. 3. comp., mech. disk. 4. clutch plate. 5. anat. disc. — adı comp, volume label. — atma sports discus throw, discus. — işletim sistemi comp, disk operating system. — kazası comp, disk crash. — sürücü comp, disk drive.
      diskalifiye disqualified. — etmek /if to disqualify. — olmak to be disqualified, disket, -ti comp, diskette, floppy disk, disko (/.) disco, discotheque. — müziği disco music.
      diskotek 1. a collection of recorded music. 2. discotheque. — çocuğu slang a boy who is studying at a foreign or private school, diskur speech, oration. — geçmek/çekmek slang to spiel, dismenore med. dysmenorrhea, dispanser outpatient clinic giving free/low-cost treatment.
                                                          dispeç, -çi mar. ins. 1. average adjustment. 2.
         average statement, dispeççi mar. ins. adjuster, dispepsi dyspepsia, dyspepsy. disponibilite banking liquidity requirement, liquidity.
      disprosyum (./.) chem. dysprosium, distribütör 1. mech. distributor. 2. distributor, distributing agent, distrofi path, dystrophy, distrofik dystrophic. — göller dystrophic lakes, disüri path, dysuria.
                                                          diş 1. tooth. 2. tusk. 3. tooth (of a saw/a comb).
         4. cog (of a wheel). 5. ward (of a key). 6. thread (of a screw). 7. clove (of a garlic). 8. head (of cloves). 9. slang dope, hashish. — açmak /a/ to thread, cut threads (in/on). — ağrısı toothache, —ten artırmak colloq. to economize on food. — bakımı dental care.
         —  bilemek /a/ colloq. to watch for a chance to take revenge (on). — çekmek to extract a tooth. — çıkarmak to cut a tooth. — çukuru anat., see diş yuvası. — çürüğü dent. cavity, —ine değmemek colloq. (for food) to be very little. — diş having many teeth/ cogs; serrated. — e dokunur colloq. worthwhile. —leri dökülmek to lose one’s teeth through age. — düzeltimi orthodontics. — fırçası toothbrush. — geçirememek /a/ to be unable to order (s.o.) around. — geçirmek /a/ colloq. to be able to influence (a powerful
dişbademi
   person), —i gıcırdamak colloq. to have a strong desire for something. — gıcırdatmak colloq. to gnash one’s teeth, show one’s an-ger. —ine göre colloq. within one’s power, within the range of what one can handle. — göstermek lal colloq. to threaten. — hekimi dentist. — hekimliği dentistry. — kamaştırmak to set one’s teeth on edge. — kapanımı dental occlusion. — kemiği anat. dentin, dentine. — kırmak slang to doctor a cigarette. — kirası 1. hist, presents/money given to guests after a meal in Ramazan. 2. colloq. a side benefit (in addition to one’s wages), —inin kovuğuna bile gitmemek (—inin kovuğunu doldurmamak) colloq. (for food) not to be enough to satisfy one. — kökü root of a tooth. — macunu toothpaste. — oluşumu odontogeny, —ini sıkmak colloq. to grit one’s teeth and bear it. — siniri anat. dental nerve, —ini sökmek Iml colloq. to render (a person) harmless. — tabibi dentist.
   —      taktırmak to be fitted out with false teeth, —inden tırnağından artırmak colloq. to scrimp and save, —ini tırnağına takmak colloq. 1. to try everything, try every means, try every way. 2. to work in spite of great difficulties. — tozu tooth powder. — yuvası anat. tooth socket, alveolus, dişbademi, -ni (/—..) soft-shelled almond, dişbudak bot. ash tree, European ash, Fraxi-nus excelsior. dişbuğdayı, -m (/...) 1. wheat boiled and mixed with sugar and distributed when one’s baby has cut its first tooth. 2. the ceremony celebrating a baby’s first tooth. 3. large-grained wheat.
dişçi 1. colloq. dentist. 2. an unqualified dentist. 3. slang one who robs graves for gold teeth, dişçilik dentistry.
dişeği prov. bushhammer, patent hammer; tooth ax.
dişemek prov. 1. hi to serrate, tooth, cut teeth upon (millstone, stone, etc.). 2. (for a baby # or a baby animal) to begin to cut teeth, dişeti, -ni (/..) anat. gum. dişi 1. female, she. 2. woman. 3. feminine. 4. mech. female. 5. malleable. — iğnecik naut. gudgeon of a rudder. — klişe print, intaglio plate, copperplate. — kopça an eye for a hook.
dişil 1. female. 2. gram, feminine, dişileşmek to become feminine, dişili provided with a female, mated. — erkekli colloq. with both men and women, dişilik female sex, femaleness, dişilleştirme gram, putting (a word) into its feminine gender, dişilleştirmek hi gram, to put (a word) into its feminine gender, dişillik gram, feminine gender, dişindirik prov. snaffle, snaffle bit. dişiorgan (..'..) bot. pistil.
                                                                                                       divit
dişlek buck-toothed, having protruding teeth, dişleme 1. biting, taking a bite, taking a nibble. 2. serrating, serration, notching. 3. arch. crenelated molding, crenelation. dişlemek hi 1. to bite, bite into, take a bite out of, take a nibble of. 2. to serrate, notch, dişlenmek 1. to be bitten, be bitten into. 2. (for wheat, corn, etc.) to develop seeds. 3. colloq. to gain authority, become powerful, dişletmek 1. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) bite or bite into, have (s.o.) take a bite out of, have (s.o.) take a nibble of (s.t.). 2. hi to have (s.t.) serrated/notched, dişli 1. toothed, serrated; notched, jagged. 2. colloq. authoritative, powerful. 3. gear. 4. sprocket. — kas anat. serratus muscle, mus-culus serratus. — olmak colloq. to have authority. — tırnaklı colloq. very aggressive and fierce.
dişotu, -nu (.'..) bot. toothwort, Dentaria.
dişotugiller (/....) bot. Cruciferae.
dişözü, -nü (/..) dental pulp.
                                                            dişsel dental. — ünsüz phon. dental consonant.
dişsiz 1. toothless. 2. unserrated, smooth.
dişsizlik toothlessness.
diştacı, -m (/..) crown (of a tooth).
ditiramp dithyramb.
 ditmek hi 1. to card, tease (cotton/wool). 2. to shred.
 dival gold/silver embroidery on velvet padded by cardboard.
‘divan divan, sofa, couch.
 2divan (—.) 1. Ott. hist, council of state. 2. Ott. hist, the holding of a court; public sitting (of a governor/a council/a judge). 3. classical Ott. poet, collected poems, divan. — durmak to stand in a respectful position with hands folded in front. D— Edebiyatı classical Ottoman poetry. — günü Ott. hist. council/court day. — kurmak to hold a council/a court. — şairi a classical Ottoman poet.
divane (— —.) crazy, mad. — olmak to go crazy, —si olmak Iml colloq. to be infatuated (with); to become a fan (of), divanelik (— —..) craziness, divanhane (—.— .) formerly a large hall in a house.
 Divanıâli (------'.-----) obs., see Yüce Divan.
 divamharp, -bi (— —'..) court-martial, military court.
 Divammuhasebat, -ti (— —'..— ..) obs., see Sayıştay.
 divani (— — —) hist, a style of large handwriting used for government writs. — kırması a simplified variety of divani writing, divansazı, -m (—/..) the largest of the plucked string instruments used in Turkish folk music.
divik zool. termite, white ant, Isoptera. divil divil (./ ..) prov. continuously, divit, -ti hist, a pen-case with inkwell, worn in the girdle by scribes.
divitin                                                236
divitin duvetyn. divlek prov. unripe melon, diyabaz geol. diabase, diyabet, -ti path, diabetes, diyabetik 1. diabetic, relating to diabetes. 2. diabetic (person). 3. diabetic person, (a) diabetic, diyafram anat., phys. diaphragm. — kası anat.
    diaphragm, phrenic muscle, diyagonal, -li 1. math, diagonal. 2. diagonal, diagonal cloth, twill, diyagram 1. graph. 2. diagram, diyaklaz geol. diaclase. diyakoz (./.) Christ, deacon, diyakroni diachrony, diyakronik diachronic, diyalaj geol. diallage. diyalekt dialect.
diyalektik 1. dialectics, dialectic. 2. dialectic, dialectical. — materyalizm dialectical materialism, diyalektoloji dialectology, diyalel circular reasoning, diallelus. diyaliz 1 . chem. dialysis. 2. med. hemodialysis, makinesi 1. chem. dialyzer. 2. med. he-modialyzer.
diyalog dialog, Brit, dialogue. — kurmak to establish a dialog/a dialogue, diyanet, -ti (.7--.) 1. piety, devoutness. 2. religion. D— İşleri Başkanlığı the Department of Religious Affairs, diyapazon tuning fork, diapason, diyapozitif slide, filmslide, transparency, diyar (.—) country, land, diyare path, diarrhea, diyastaz diastase, diyastol, -lü physiol, diastole, diyatome bot. Diatomaceae. diye 1. because. 2. so that; lest. 3. by saying. 4. by mistake, thinking that; on the assumption that. 5. called, named. 6. as: Hediye diye bir çift güvercin verdi. She gave a pair of pigeons as a present, —si what one means, what one intends to say. — diye by saying repeatedly, —si gelmek colloq. to have the urge to say (s.t.) (but to leave it unsaid), diyecek something to say. — i olmak to have something to say. — i olmamak to have no objection; to have nothing to say. — yok. colloq. /a/ It’s OK ./It’s fine.
Diyet, -ti hist. Diet.
‘diyet, -ti blood money, wergeld.
2diyet, -ti diet. — uzmanı dietitian, dietician.
diyetetik dietetics.
diyetisyen dietitian, dietician.
diyez mus. sharp.
diyoptri diopter, dioptre.
diyorit, -ti geol. diorite.
diz knee. — ağırşağı kneepan, kneecap, patella.
    —lerinin bağı çözülmek colloq. to become (suddenly) weak in the knees. — boyu up to the knees, knee-deep. — çökmek 1. to kneel, kneel down. 2. to tuck one’s legs under o.s. 3. colloq. to submit to another. —
                                                                                      dizginlemek
   çöktürmek /a/ 1. to make (s.o.) kneel down. 2. colloq. to subdue, bring (s.o.) to his/her knees, —inin dibinde colloq. right beside one. — dize oturmak colloq. to sit close together, —ini dövmek colloq. 1. to be filled with remorse. 2. to be bitterly sorry. — e gelmek colloq. to surrender, give up. — e getirmek /1/ colloq. to bring (s.o.) to heel. —le-rine kapanmak /m/ colloq. to plead abjectly with (s.o.). —leri kesilmek/tutmamak colloq. to feel exhausted, feel one’s knees giving way. — üstü kneeling, on one’s knees. — e varmak colloq. to fall on one’s knees and plead.
dizanteri path, dysentery, dizayn design, drawing which shows how something should be made, dizaynci designer, person who draws designs, dizayner see dizaynci. dizaymr see dizaynci. dizbağı, -ni (/..) garter, dizdar castellan, castle warden, dizdirmek /1, a/ 1. to have (beads, tobacco leaves, etc.) strung. 2. to have (things) lined up, have (things) arranged in a row, series, or in order. 3.print, to have (a text) typeset; to have (type) set. dize line (of poetry), dizeç file, file folder.
dizel 1. diesel engine. 2. slang wanton woman, dizeleştirmek /1/ to poetize, poeticize, put (s.t.)
   into poetry, dizelge list.
dizelgelemek hi to list, dizem 1. tempo. 2. rhythm, dizemli rhythmic.
dizemsel rhythmic, concerning rhythm, dizge system, arrangement; complex, dizgeleştirme systematization, dizgeleştirmek /1/ to systematize, dizgeli systematic.
dizgesel systematic, related to a system, dizgesiz unsystematic.
dizgi 1. typesetting, composition. 2. comp. string. 3. prov. order, orderliness. — makinesi typesetter, typesetting machine. — uzunluğu comp, string length. — yanlışı typographical error, typesetting error, typo, dizgici typesetter, compositor, dizgicilik 1. typesetting, the work of a typesetter/a compositor. 2. being a typesetter/a compositor.
dizgin rein, —leri ele almak colloq. to take charge/control, —ine çarpmak Iml colloq. to rebuke, admonish, —ini çekmek/kısmak Iml colloq. to tighten the reins on, rein (s.o.) in, clamp down on. —leri salıvermek colloq. suddenly to stop exercising tight control, suddenly to stop running a tight ship. — vurmak /a/ to put a bridle on, bridle (an animal), dizginlemek hi 1. to rein in (an animal). 2. to put a bridle on, bridle (an animal). 3. to make (an animal) go faster by giving it rein. 4.
 dizginlenmek                                     237
   colloq. to tighten the reins on, rein (s.o.) in, clamp down on. 5. colloq. to curb, check, control.
dizginlenmek 1. (for an animal) to be bridled.
   2.    colloq. (for s.o.) to be restrained/checked/ curbed. 3. colloq. to be curbed, be checked, be controlled, dizginsiz 1. bridleless, unbridled (animal). 2.
   colloq. unbridled, unrestrained, unchecked, dizgiyeri, -ni (./..) print. composing room, dizi 1. string (of beads). 2. row, line. 3. series.
   4. mus. scale. 5. math, progression; series.
   6. cin. serial, serialized film. 7. comp, array.
   —  dizi 1. (lined up) by rows, (arranged) in lines. 2. (strung) by rows. — film cin. serial, serialized film.
dizici 1. typesetter, compositor. 2. one who strings (beads, tobacco leaves, etc.). 3. sorter, one who sorts things by rows, dizileme cin. editing and the first assembling (of a film), dizilemek hi to line up, arrange in a row. dizili 1. strung (beads, tobacco leaves, etc.). 2. lined up, arranged in a row, series, or in order. 3. print, typeset; set (type), diziliş arrangement, arranging, dizilmek 1. (for beads, tobacco leaves, etc.) to be strung. 2. to be lined up, be arranged in a row, series, or in order. 3.print, to be typeset; (for type) to be set. dizim 1. composition, typesetting. 2. ling, syn-tagm, syntagma, a syntactic unit, dizin 1. index. 2. comp, directory, dizkapağı, -m (/...) anat. kneecap. — kemiği kneepan, kneecap, patella, dizleme knee-length; knee-deep, dizlemek 1. to sink in up to one’s knees. 2. hi to knee. 3. to fall on one’s knees, dizlik 1. knee-guard; kneepad. 2. knee-length pants. 3. knee-length stockings, dizmek hi 1. to string (beads, tobacco leaves, etc.). 2. to line up, arrange (things) in a row, series, or in order. 3. print, to typeset; to ^ compose, set (type), dizmen see dizgici, dizmenlik see dizgicilik, dizüstü (/..) used in: — bilgisayar laptop computer.
DMO (abbr. for Devlet Malzeme Ofisi)
   5.P.S.O. (the State Procurement and Supply Office).
DNA biochem. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), do mus. 1. C. 2. do. doanahtan, -m (/....) mus. key of C. dobra dobra (./ ..) bluntly, frankly.
Doç. (abbr. for Doçent) Assoc. Prof. (Associate Professor), doçent, -ti associate professor, doçentlik associate professorship, dogma dogma.
dogmacı 1. dogmatic. 2. (a) dogmatist.
dogmacılık dogmatism.
dogmatik dogmatic. — felsefe dogmatism.
                                                                                              doğrama
dogmatizm dogmatism.
doğ. (abbr. for doğum) 1. birth. 2. birth date, doğa nature. —- bilimleri the natural sciences.
    —  yasası law of nature.
doğacı 1. naturist. 2. nature enthusiast, doğacılık 1. nature worship, naturism. 2. the back-to-nature movement, doğaç 1. a sudden inspired thought. 2. faculty for improvisation. 3. extemporization, improvisation (while reciting poetry, speaking, or playing music), doğaçtan (said/played) extemporaneously, extempore, doğadışı, -m (./..) unnatural, doğal natural. •— amt natural monument, scenic wonder. — ayıklama/ayıklanma natural selection. — bilimler the natural sciences.
    —  gaz see doğalgaz. — kaynaklar natural resources. — kıran natural disaster. — olarak naturally. — radyasyon natural radiation. — seçme natural selection. — tekel natural monopoly. — yıkım see doğal kıran.
    —     yöre primitive area, virgin territory, doğalcı 1. (a) naturalist. 2. naturalist, naturalistic.
doğalcılık naturalism.
doğalgaz (./.) natural gas.
doğallık 1. naturalness; natural qualities. 2.
    natural state, lack of artifice, doğan zool. falcon, Falco. doğancı falconer.
doğaötesi, -ni (./...) 1. metaphysics. 2. metaphysical, doğasal natural, doğasallık naturalness, doğaüstü, -nü (./..) supernatural, doğaüstücü (./...) 1. (a) supernaturalist. 2. su-pernaturalistic, supernaturalist, doğaüstücülük (./....) supernaturalism (a doctrine), doğay zool. fauna.
doğdurmak hi to cause (the sun/the moon/ a star) to rise, doğma 1. being bom. 2. rising (of the sun/the moon/a star). 3. /dan/ born of. — büyüme native of, born and bred in (a place), doğmaca theat. improvised play, doğmak 1. to be bom. 2. (for the sun/the moon/ a star) to rise. 3. to appear, arise. 4. /a/ to occur (to). Doğmadık çocuğa don/kaftan biçilmez, proverb (You should not cut out clothes for a child still unborn.) Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched, doğduğuna inanıp öldüğüne inanmamak colloq. to look on the bright side of something and refuse to look on its dark side, doğduğuna (bin) pişman colloq. tired of life, unhappy, miserable, doğduğuna pişman etmek hi colloq. to make (s.o.) regret the day he/she was born, doğram (a) slice, (a) piece. — doğram (cut) to pieces.
doğrama 1. chopping to pieces. 2. woodwork,
doğramacı
238
doğumevi
   joinery.
doğramacı carpenter who makes woodwork, woodworker, joiner. — kalemi rabbeting chisel.
                                                            doğramacılık joinery, the work of a joiner, doğramak hi to cut into slices/pieces; to carve, chop to bits, doğranmak 1. to be carved; to be chopped to pieces and bits. 2. colloq. to ache painfully, doğru 1. straight. 2. true. 3. proper, suitable. 4. honest, good (person). 5. correct, accurate.
   6. the truth. 7. math. line. 8. truly, correctly.
   9. (/.) straight, directly. 10. /a/ toward, in the direction of. 11. /a/ toward, near the time of. 12. colloq. a correct answer (in a test). D—! That’s true. — açı geom. straight angle. — adam honest man, just man. — akım elec. direct current, —dan ayrılmamak colloq. not to swerve from honesty. — bulmak hi colloq. to approve of. — çıkmak colloq. to come true, prove to be right. — çizgi geom. straight line. — doğru dosdoğru .... colloq. The exact truth (of the matter) is that .... — ya doğru, eğriye eğri demek colloq. to speak the simple truth; to call a spade a spade. — durmak colloq. 1. to stand up straight, stand erect. 2. to sit still, be quiet.
   —       dürüst colloq. 1. properly. 2. genuine, real, proper. — orantılı math, directly proportional. — oturmak colloq. to sit still, sit properly. — rota naut. direct course. — söylemek colloq. to speak the truth. — söyleyeni dokuz köyden kovarlar, proverb The person who tells the truth is driven out of nine villages. — söyleyenin tepesi delik olur, proverb He/She who tells the truth gets holes in his/her head. — söz (ağıdan) acıdır (acı gelir), proverb (True words are more bitter than poison.) The truth is bitter ./The truth hurts. — söze akan sular durur, proverb (When the truth is spoken even flowing water halts.) When the truth is spoken it is useless to argue. — söze can kurban, colloq. (It’s worth one’s life to hear the truth.) It is very good to hear the truth. — söze ne denir? colloq. (What can be said after the truth is spoken?) That is the way it is. What more can you say? — söz yemin istemez, proverb There is no need to swear to a statement that is true, —dan şaşma, colloq. Don’t stray from what is right./Avoid temptation. — yanlış cetveli list of errata, —nun yardımcısı Allahtır, proverb God helps an honest person. — yol the right way. doğruca 1. more or less right. 2. (/..) straight, directly.
doğrucu truthful, veracious. — Davut colloq.
                                                            a meticulously truthful person, doğruculuk 1. truthfulness, veraciousness, veracity. 2. the doctrine that our sense impressions correspond to fact (or else God would be deceiving us), doğrudan 1. directly. 2. direct. — doğruya
     directly. — erişim comp, direct access. — erişimli bellek aygıtı comp, direct access storage device, doğrulama verification. — belgesi certificate, doğrulamak fit to verify, corroborate, confirm, doğrulanmak to be verified, be confirmed, doğrulmak 1. to straighten out; to be straightened; to become erect. 2. to sit up. 3. to be righted; to be put right. 4. colloq. to be earned. 5. /a/ to direct o.s. (towards), doğrultma 1. correction. 2. (car) hood, Brit. bonnet.
  doğrultmacı repairer of car hoods, doğrultmacılık repair of car hoods, doğrultmaç elec. rectifier, doğrultmak 1. fi! to straighten. 2. /i/ to correct.
     3. /i, a/ to aim/point (s.t.) at, direct. 4. h! to find (one’s way, one’s bearings, the direction toward s.t.). 5. hi colloq. to get, take in (money).
  doğrultman geom. directrix.
  doğrultu direction.
  doğrulu linear, rectilinear.
  doğruluk 1. truth; uprightness, honesty. 2.
     straightness. 3. correctness, accuracy, doğrulum biol. tropism. doğrusal linear. — arama comp, linear search.
     —  denklem math, linear equation. — program comp, linear program.
 doğrusu the truth of the matter is (that ...), actually, really, indeed; to speak honestly, to be quite frank about it. — nu isterseniz colloq. if you really want to know; to tell the truth.
 Doğu 1. the East; the Orient. 2. Eastern; Oriental. — Bloku hist, the Eastern bloc.
 . doğu 1. the east. 2. the East; the Orient; the eastern provinces of Turkey. 3. eastern. 4. Eastern; Oriental. 5. east wind. — karayel naut. east-northwest. — lodos naut. east -southwest. — noktası astr. equinoctial sunrise point.
  Doğu Almanya hist. East Germany, doğubilim (./..) Oriental studies, Orientalism, doğubilimci (./...) Orientalist.
  Doğulu Easterner; Oriental, doğulu 1. easterner, person who comes from the eastern part of a place. 2. Easterner; Oriental. 3. Eastern/Oriental (person), doğululuk 1. being an Easterner. 2. Oriental character, Oriental quality, doğum 1. birth. 2. year of birth. 3. confinement.
     4. delivery, parturition. — durumu chem. nascent state. — günü birthday. — kontrolü birth control. — kontrol hapı contraceptive pill, the pill. — öncesi 1. prenatal, antenatal.
     2. prenatal period. — sancısı 1. labor pain.
     2. colloq. birth pangs (of a new situation).
     —  sigortası maternity insurance. — sonrası
     1. postnatal. 2. postpartum. 3. postnatal period. — tarihi date of birth. — yapmak to give birth to a child.
  doğumevi, -ni (..'..) maternity hospital.
 doğumlu                                         239
doğumlu born in (such and such a year), doğumsal natal.
doğuranlar the viviparous animals, doğurgan prolific, fecund, doğurganlık prolificacy, fecundity, doğurma parturition, childbirth. — öncesi antepartum.
doğurmak 1. Ill to have (a child), give birth (to). 2. to bring forth young. 3. hi colloq. to give birth to, lead to, cause to arise, doğurtmak hi to assist (a mother) at childbirth, doğurtuculuk Socratic method, doğusal eastern, doğuş 1. birth. 2. astr. rise, doğuştan innate; from birth; congenital, doğuştana phil. 1. (a) nativist. 2. nativistic, nativist. doğuştancılık phil. nativism. dok, -ku 1. dock, wharf. 2. warehouse on a wharf, doksan ninety.
doksanar ninety each, ninety apiece, doksanıncı 1. ninetieth, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is ninetieth in a countable series. 2. ninetieth, in the ninetieth place, doksanlı (s.t.) which contains or consists of ninety things/parts, doksanlık 1. (s.t.) designed to hold ninety things. 2. (s.t.) weighing ninety grams/kilos.
   3.    ninety years old, nonagenarian, doktor 1. physician, doctor. 2. doctor, person
   with a doctorate, doktora (./.) 1. doctorate, doctor’s degree. 2.
   doctoral examination, doktorlu slang marked (playing card), doktorluk 1. profession of a doctor. 2. doctorate, doktrin doctrine.
doku biol. tissue. — bozukluğu path, lesion.
   —     dönüşümü biol. metaplasia. — oluşumu histogenesis, dokubilim (./..) histology, dokum 1. texture. 2. tissue structure, dokuma 1. weaving. 2. woven. 3. cotton cloth.
   4.    textile. — tezgâhı loom (for weaving), dokumacı 1. weaver. 2. textile worker, dokumacılık 1. the work of a weaver. 2. textile industry.
dokumak 111 1. to weave. 2. prov. to knock down (fruit from a tree), dokunaç biol. feeler, tentacle, dokunaklı 1. moving, touching, affecting. 2.
   biting, harsh. 3. insinuating, dokunaklılık being moving/insinuating, dokunca 1. harm, harmfulness. 2. disadvantage, dokuncalı 1. harmful. 2. disadvantageous, dokuncasız 1. harmless. 2. advantageous, dokundurmak /ı, a/ 1. to make (s.t.) touch (another thing). 2. colloq. to have (s.o.) roughed up. 3. colloq. to hint about (s.t.) to (s.o.). dokunma 1. touching, contact. 2. touch, the sense of touch. — duyusu touch, the sense of touch.
                                                                                              dolama
‘dokunmak /a/ 1. to touch, make contact (with).
    2. to touch, touch with one’s hand; to take in one’s hand. 3. to disturb, meddle with, upset. 4. to take and use, touch. 5. to upset, affect adversely (one’s health). 6. to upset, disturb (one’s serenity). 7. to affect (s.o.) (in a specific way). 8. to move, touch, affect (s.o.). 9. to touch on, deal with, dokunu do-kunuvermek /a/ slang to pummel, pommel.
2dokunmak to be woven, dokunsal biol. tactile, tactual, dokuntu elec. short circuit, short, dokunulmak /a/ impersonal passive 1. to be touched. 2. to be dealt with, dokunulmaz 1. untouchable. 2. pol. immune, dokunulmazlık pol. immunity, dokunum touch, sense of touch, dokunuş contact, touch, dokurcun prov. 1. shock of hay/grain. 2. a game played with nine small stones, dokusal histoid, histioid, histionic. dokusallik being histoid, dokutmak /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) woven, dokuyucu weaver.
dokuz nine. — aym çarşambası bir araya gelmek colloq. for a lot of pressing business to come all at once. — babalı colloq. (one) whose father is unknown. — canlı colloq. very hardy, not likely to die. — doğurmak colloq. to fret and be frantic (while waiting for s.t.). — doğurtmak /a/ colloq. to rush (s.o.), bring pressure on (s.o.). — düğüm altında colloq. very carefully guarded (money).
    —     firm ekmek istemek colloq. to need more time and experience (for competence). — körün bir değneği colloq. the only support (of a large household). — köyden kovulmuş colloq. ostracized, expelled, —unda ne ise, doksanında da odur. colloq. (What he/she is at nine he/she will be at ninety.) He/She will always be the same ./He/She will never improve. — yorgan eskitmek/paralamak colloq. to have a very long life, dokuzar nine each, nine apiece, dokuzlu 1. (s.t.) which contains or consists of nine things/parts. 2. playing cards the nine.
    3.   (poem) made up of nine-line stanzas, dokuzluk 1. (s.t.) designed to hold nine things.
    2.   (s.t.) weighing nine grams/kilos, dokuztaş (./.) a game played with nine small stones.
dokuzuncu 1. ninth, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is ninth in a countable series. 2. ninth, in the ninth place, doküman document.
dokümanter documentary. — film documentary film, documentary, dolak puttee.
dolam 1. (a) coil, (a) turn (of s.t. wound). 2. enough for (so many) coils/turns. 3. bend, curve, arc.
dolama 1. winding, twist. 2. dolman. 3. path. whitlow, felon.
dolamak
 240
dolmalık
dolamak /i, a/ 1. to wind (a thread/a wire) on (a spool/a stick). 2. to wrap (one’s arms) around.
dolamaotu, -nu (../..) bot. whitlowwort, Paronychia.
dolamaotugiller (../....) bot. Paronychia. dolambaç 1. curve, bend (in a road). 2. anat. labyrinth.
dolambaçlı 1. full of curves/bends, winding, meandering. 2. involved, intricate, tangled, dolamık trap, snare, net. dolan deceit, deception, dolandırıcı swindler, confidence man. dolandırıcılık swindling, the act of swindling, dolandırılmak to be swindled, dolandırmak /ı/ 1. to show (s.o.) around. 2. to cheat (s.o.) out of his/her money; to defraud, dolangaç labyrinth.
dolanım circulation (of money or a negotiable instrument), dolanmak 1. /a/ to get wound and tangled around (a thing). 2. /a/ to be wrapped around.
   3.    /a/ to be wound on. 4. to wander around, dolantaşı, -m (./..) geol. dolerite. dolanti lit. plot development, dolap 1. cupboard; wardrobe. 2. stall in the Covered Market in Istanbul. 3. water wheel. 4. treadmill. 5. Ferris wheel. 6. colloq. plot, intrigue, trickery, ruse. — beygiri gibi dönüp durmak colloq. 1. to be caught in a monotonous routine. 2. to walk to and fro around a room. —ı bozulmak colloq. 1. for one’s work to fall apart. 2. for one’s ruse to be spoiled. — çevirmek/döndürmek colloq. to do something tricky, pull a ruse, —a girmek colloq. to be duped, be taken in. —a koymak hi slang to dupe, trap, take in. dolapçı 1. cupboard maker/dealer. 2. operator of a Ferris wheel. 3. slang plotter, intriguer, dolar dollar, dolaşı tour.
dolaşık 1. roundabout, indirect (road/way). 2. confused, tangled, intricate (matter). 3. roundabout, indirect (approach to a matter), dolaşıklık 1. being roundabout. 2. intricateness, intricacy. 3. indirectness, dolaşıksız 1. direct. 2. directly, dolaşılmak impersonal passive to walk, wander about.
dolaşım circulation (of blood, money, air, water currents). — aracı medium of circulation (of money). — çökmesi med. circulatory collapse. —daki para currency in circulation, dolaşmak 1. to walk around, wander, stroll. 2. to take an indirect route, go the long way around. 3. (for a road) to be indirect. 4. (for hair/thread) to get tangled. 5. (for rumor/ news) to circulate. 6. hi to wander around (a place).
dolaştırılmak to be taken for a walk, dolaştırmak 1. hi to take (s.o.) for a walk; to show (s.o.) around. 2. /i, a/ to wind/tangle (s.t.) around (s.t. else).
dolay 1. environment, surroundings. 2. suburbs, outskirts, suburban area. 3. turn in a road, dolayı 1. /dan/ because of, on account of, due to. 2. prov. surroundings, dolayısıyla (.../.) 1. because of, on account of, due to. 2. consequently, so. dolaykutupsal (./...) astr. circumpolar. dolaylama metaphorical substitution, dolaylı 1. indirect. 2. circuitous. 3. indirectly.
   4.    circuitously. — olarak indirectly. — özne gram, logical subject. — vergi indirect tax. dolaylık suburb.
dolaylılık 1. indirectness. 2. circuitousness, dolaysız 1. direct. 2. directly. — vergi direct tax.
dolaysızlık directness.
dolaz prov. gelatine-like dessert.
doldurma 1. filling, stuffing; loading. 2. elec.
   charging. — anlatım bombast, padded talk, doldurmak h! 1. to fill, fill up, stuff. 2. to charge (a battery); to load (a gun). 3. colloq. to turn (s.o.) against (s.o. else). 4. to fill out (a printed form), doldurtmak /i, a/ to have (s.t.) filled, filled up, or stuffed.
doldurulmak 1. to get filled, get filled up, get stuffed. 2. colloq. to be prejudiced by a bad report.
dolduruş 1. filling, stuffing; loading. 2. way of filling/stuffing/loading, —a getirmek hi colloq. to prejudice (s.o.) by a bad report, dolgu 1. act of filling or filling up. 2. fill, material used for filling. 3. dent, filling. 4. riprap.
dolgun 1. filled, stuffed, full. 2. plump. 3. high (salary). 4. abundantly endowed with information/knowledge . dolgunlaşmak to get plump, get filled out. dolgunluk fullness.
dolikosefal, -li (./...) anat. 1. dolichocephalic, dolichocephalous. 2. dolichocephal. dolma 1. being filled up. 2. filled in, made by filling with dirt, etc. 3. vegetable, fowl, lamb, mussel, etc. filled with stuffing/dressing. 4. slang lie, made-up story. 5. slang stacked deck. — yapmak slang to run as a shared taxi. — yutmak slang to be duped, dolmabiber (./..) bot. sweet pepper, bell pepper, green pepper, Capsicum frutescens grossum. dolmaci slang trickster, cheat, dolmacılık slang lies, trickery, swindling, dolmak 1. to get full, be filled. 2. /la/ to be packed (with). 3. (for a term/a period) to be completed, come to an end. 4. colloq. to be ready to burst from anger/exasperation, dolup taşmak colloq. to be full to the point of overflowing; /la/ to be overflowing with, dolmakalem (./..) fountain pen. dolmalık (vegetable, fowl, lamb, mussel, etc. or a filling) fit for stuffing. — biber bot. sweet pepper, bell pepper, green pepper, Capsicum frutescens grossum.
dolmen
dolmen dolmen.
dolmuş 1. taxi/motorboat which only starts when it is filled up with passengers, jitney.
   2.    full, filled, stuffed. — yapmak to carry passengers in a shared taxi, dolmuşçu driver of a shared taxi/motorboat, dolmuşçuluk driving of a shared taxi/motorboat, dolomit, -ti geol. dolomite.
‘dolu 1. full, filled. 2. abounding in. 3. loaded (gun). 4. a glass (containing a drink). 5. charged (battery). 6. colloq. oversensitive. 7. colloq. about to blow with anger. 8. not drilled, not hollowed (metal object). — su colloq. enough to fill. — çekmek colloq. to draw a winner (in a lottery). — ya koydum almadı, boşa koydum dolmadı, colloq. (I put it in what was full and it didn’t fit in. I put it in what was empty and it didn’t fill it.) I could find no solution for it. — zar slang loaded dice.
2dolu hail. — tanesi hailstone. — yağmak to hail.
doludizgin (./..) at a full gallop, at full speed, doluluk fullness, plenitude, dolum filling, act of filling, dolunay (./.) full moon, doluşmak /a/ to crowd into (a place), domalan bot. truffle, Tuber. domalıç prov. humped; bulging; bulbous; protruding.
domalmak prov. 1. to rise, stand out, bulge out, project as a hump. 2. to squat down in a humped position, domaltmak /ı/ prov. to make (s.t.) bulge, domates (./.) 1. tomato. 2. bot. tomato plant, Lycopersicon esculentum. — salçası tomato paste; tomato sauce, dombay prov. water buffalo. — ineği a female water buffalo. — öküzü a male water buffalo.
dominant dominant.
Dominik Cumhuriyeti, -ni (./.) the Dominican Republic, domino (./.) 1. dominoes (game). 2. domino (costume). — demek to call “domino!” and go out (and thus win), dominyon dominion.
domur prov. 1. blister, pimple. 2. bud. — domur 1. in beads. 2. in blisters, domuz 1. zool. pig, hog, swine, Sus scrofa do-mestica. 2. colloq. obstinate; cunning and selfish; spiteful, malicious. D—! colloq. You fink!/You swine! — una colloq. 1. out of spite. 2. out of stubbornness. 3. thoroughly.
   —  arabası truck, low four-wheeled vehicle.
   —  derisi pigskin. — derisi/derisinden post olmaz, eski düşman dost olmaz, proverb The skin of a pig will never be fit to sit on, and an old enemy will never be a real friend.
   —  eti pork. — gibi colloq. 1. vicious. 2. viciously. 3. (used reproachfully) perfectly well, full well: Kabahatli olduğunu domuz gibi biliyor, ama kabul etmiyor. He knows
                                                                                          donantı
   perfectly well that he’s at fault, but he won’t admit it. — gibi çalışmak colloq. to work like mad. — gibi yemek/tıkınmak colloq. to pig out, eat like a pig. — un gok dediği yer colloq. a very distant place. — kılı pig bristle, —dan kıl çekmek/koparmak colloq. to wangle something out of a stingy/disliked person. — un kuyruğunu kes yine domuz. proverb (If you cut off its tail it’s still a pig.) You can’t change human nature. — yağı lard.
domuzayağı, -nı (./...) hist, wormer used for withdrawing the charge from a gun. domuzaynkotu, -nu (./....) bot. Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon. domuzbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. a porpoise, sea hog, Phocaena. domuzca (./.) colloq. swinishly; very maliciously.
domuzdami, -ni (./..) gallery of a mine supported by wooden props, domuzgiller zool. Suidae. domuzlan zool. bombardier beetle, Brachinus tscherniki.
                                                       domuzlaşmak colloq. 1. to become malicious.
   2.    to become maliciously obstinate, domuzluk 1. colloq. viciousness, persistent
   malice. 2. prov. waterwheel casing. — etmek colloq. to do something malicious, be maliciously obstinate, domuztırnağı, -ni (./...) naut. devil’s-claw. ‘don frost, freeze, (hava) —a çekmek (for the weather) to become freezing, freeze. — çözülmek to thaw, start to thaw. — tutmak to freeze, become freezing.
                                                       2don 1. underpants. 2. coat, color (of a horse).
   3. archaic clothing, garment, —una doldurmak 1. (for a child) to wet/soil his/her underpants (owing to a loss of control of his/her bladder/bowel). 2. colloq. to be frightened to death, —una etmek to wet/soil one’s underpants (owing to a loss of control of his/ her bladder/bowel). — gömlek colloq. in one’s underpants, —una kaçırmak/yapmak see donuna etmek.
donakalan (./..) cataleptic, donakalım (./..) catatonia. — tutması catalepsy.
donakahmli (./...) catatonic, donakalmak (./..) to be petrified with astonishment/fear, donama decoration, adornment, donamak /if to decorate, embellish, donanım 1. naut. rigging. 2. comp, hardware.
   —  dili comp, assembly language. — uyarlığı/uyumluluğu comp, hardware compatibility.
donanma 1. fleet, naval force, navy. 2. fireworks; flags and bunting. 3. being dressed up. — fişeği rocket, skyrocket, donanmak 1. to dress up. 2. to be decorated.
   3.    to be equipped, donantı accessory parts.
donatı
242
dost
donatı equipment; fittings, donatılmak 1. to be dressed up. 2. to be adorned, be embellished. 3. to be equipped, donatım 1. equipping; furnishing with clothes.
   2. equipment. 3. mil. procurement of ordnance. 4. art incidental details. 5. sports support (food, drink, spare parts, etc.) given to a racer.
donatımcı propman, property man. donatimlik accessory.
donatmak l\l 1. to provide (s.o.) with clothes.
   2.    to decorate (with ornaments). 3. to equip (a ship); to rig. 4. to set (a table) lavishly (with food and tableware). 5. slang to insult, swear at, abuse, donattırmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o./s.t.) equipped/ decorated.
donduraç freezer, deep freezer, deep-freeze. dondurma 1. ice cream. 2. (made) frozen, solidified. 3. causing to freeze, freezing. — ku-tusu/makinesi ice cream freezer, dondurmacı 1. ice cream seller. 2. maker of ice cream, dondurmacılık the ice cream business, dondurmak hi 1. to freeze; to let (a mixture) set. 2. to freeze, fix (prices, staff, etc.) at the current level, dondurucu freezing; cold, chilling, dondurulmak 1. to be frozen. 2. to feel cold, get chilled. 3. (for prices, staff, etc.) to be frozen, be fixed, dondurulmuş 1. frozen. 2. preserved by freezing. 3. fixed, frozen by decree. — mevduat banking blocked/frozen account, dondurum 1. freezing. 2. cryogenics, dondurumlu cryogenic, done datum, donjuan (a) Don Juan, donjuanlik Don Juanism. donkişotluk quixotism, quixotry, donma freezing. — noktası freezing point, donmak 1. to freeze. 2. to freeze to death. 3. to feel very cold, freeze. 4. to set, harden, solidify. 5. colloq. to freeze, remain motionless. donup kalmak colloq. to be petrified with astonishment/fear, donmaönler (./..) antifreeze.
‘donra prov. 1. dandruff, scruff. 2. a layer of dirt on the body.
2donra tundra.
donsuz 1. having no underpants. 2. colloq. destitute, poverty-stricken; vagabond. —un gönlünden dokuz top bez geçer, proverb (A person without underpants dreams of having nine bolts of cloth.) One yearns to have a lot of what one lacks, donuk 1. dim (light). 2. dull, lusterless, lifeless (color/eyes/person/presentation). — kredi frozen credit, donuklaşmak 1. (for light) to become dim. 2. (for a color, eyes, a person, a presentation) to become dull/lusterless/lifeless. donukluk 1. dimness (of light). 2. dullness/
   lusterlessness/lifelessness (of a color, eyes, a person, a presentation).
donyağı, -m (/..) 1. tallow. 2. colloq. cold fish, disagreeable person. — gibi colloq. stiff, unbending, cold, lacking warmth and social ease.
dopdolu (/..) full up, chock-full.
doping, -gi sports doping. — yapmak /a/ to dope.
doru chestnut (horse).
doruk 1. summit, peak, apex, top. 2. climax (of a play). — çizgisi geog. watershed, water parting. — toplantısı summit meeting.
doruklama prov. 1. filling (s.t.) heaping full or brimful. 2. heaping full, brimful.
doruklamak hi prov. to fill (s.t.) heaping full or brimful.
doruklaşmak colloq. to reach a peak.
dorum prov. camel colt.
DOS (abbr. for disk operating system) DOS (disk işletim sistemi). — uyarısı comp. DOS prompt.
dosa (/.) naut. gangplank. — tahtası gangplank.
dosdoğru (/..) 1. straight ahead. 2. perfectly correct.
dost, -tu 1. friend; comrade, confidant, intimate.
   2. friendly. 3. lover; mistress. — acı söyler. proverb (It takes a friend to tell the bitter truth.) A friend will tell you about your faults in order to help you. — ağlatır, düşman güldürür, proverb Friends criticize; enemies flatter, —lar alışverişte görsün (diye) colloq. for the sake of appearances, in order to appear busy. — un attığı taş baş yarmaz. proverb (When a friend throws a stone, it does not cut one’s head.) Friendly criticism doesn’t hurt, —lar başına, colloq. May the same befall all my friends. — başa, düşman ayağa bakar, proverb (A friend sees your face, but an unfriendly person sees your feet.) People who don’t know you judge you by your appearance, —lar başından ırak! colloq. (May it be far from the heads of friends.) May such a thing never happen to my friends. — bin ise azdır, düşman bir ise çoktur, proverb A thousand friends are too few, but one enemy is too many. — dostun ayıbını yüzüne söyler, proverb A true friend will tell you of your faults. — düşman colloq. everybody, —a düşmana karşı colloq.
   1. in order to save face. 2. in front of everybody; in the eyes of everybody. — edinmek
   1. to make friends. 2. hi to make friends with. 3. to take a lover/a mistress. — ile ye iç, alışveriş etme, proverb (Eat and drink with a friend but don’t do business with him/ her.) Don’t mix business with friendship. — kara günde belli olur, proverb (It becomes clear in a time of trouble who one’s friend is.) When you are in trouble you find out who your friends are. — kazığı colloq. 1. being cheated by a friend. 2. cheating a
dostane
    friend. — olmak to become friends. — sözü acıdır, proverb, see Dost acı söyler, —lar şehit, biz gazi, colloq. (Let the friends be the martyrs and we the victors.) Let them run the risk; we’ll take the credit. — tutmak colloq. 1. to make friends. 2. to take a mistress/a lover, dostane (,—.) see dostça, dostça (/.) 1. friendly (action/talk). 2. in a friendly manner, dostluk friendship. — başka, alışveriş başka. proverb Friendship is one thing, business is another. — etmek /la/ to be friends (with).
    —  kantarla, alışveriş miskalle. proverb (Friendship by the ton, but business by the ounce.) Business is business. — kurmak /la/ to make friends (with).
                                                                dosya (/.) 1. file, dossier. 2. file folder. — açmak to open a file. — adı comp, file name.
    —  adı uzantısı comp, file name extension.
    —      koruma comp, file protection, dosyalamak Iı! to file, put (s.t.) in a file, dosyalanmak to be filed, be put in a file, doyasıya to repletion, as much as one wants,
    abundantly, without stint, to one’s heart’s content.
doygu (one’s) daily bread; food, doygun 1. satiated, sated. 2. saturated, doygunluk 1. satiation. 2. saturation. 3. psych. satisfaction.
                                                                doyma 1. satiety. 2. saturation. 3. becoming satiated/saturated, doymak 1. to eat one’s fill, have no further desire for food, be satisfied; to be full up. 2. /a/ to be satisfied (with what one has gotten).
    3.     /a/ to be saturated (with). — bilmemek colloq. not to be satiated, doya doya colloq. to repletion, as much as one wants, abundantly, without stint, to one’s heart’s content, doymaz insatiable, greedy, doymazlık insatiability, greed, doymuş 1. full, satiated. 2. satisfied. 3. saturated.
doyulmak impersonal passive 1. /la/ to be satiated (with), get enough (of). 2. /a/ to get enough (of), doyum satiety, satisfaction. — olmamak /a/ (for s.t.) to be so delicious/delightful that one can’t get enough of it. doyumevi, -ni (./..) restaurant, doyumlanmak to be satisfied, doyumluk enough to satisfy. — değil, tadımlık. colloq. (It’s not enough to satisfy; it’s just a taste.) The food I am giving you is just a modest amount, doyumsamak to be satisfied, doyumsatmak /i/ to satisfy, doyumsuz unsatisfied, doyumsuzluk nonsatisfaction, doyunak restaurant.
doyunmak to eat one’s fill, be satisfied, doyuran 1. saturant. 2. a saturating magnetic field.
                                                                                           dökülmek
doyurma 1. filling up, satisfying, allaying (s.o.’s) hunger. 2. satiating. 3. saturating, doyurmak III 1. to fill up, satisfy, allay (one’s) hunger. 2. to satiate. 3. to saturate, doyurucu 1. filling, satisfying (food). 2. satisfying, satisfactory. 3. satisfactory, convincing, persuasive.
                                                         doz 1. med. dose. 2. chem. proportion, amount.
    3. colloq. dose, amount (of a certain behavior, talk, etc.). —unu kaçırmak /ml colloq. to overdo.
dozaj 1. med. dosage. 2. chem. formula, recipe, dozer bulldozer.
döker dumping mechanism on a truck, dumper, dökme 1. pouring; casting. 2. poured. 3. cast (metal). 4. spilled, scattered. — demir cast iron. — su ile değirmen dönmez, proverb (You can’t turn a mill wheel with water from pails.) You can’t do a job right with halfway measures, dökmeci see dökümcü, dökmecilik see dökümcülük, dökmek 1. hi to pour, pour out. 2. hi to spill.
    3.    hi to throw out, spill out as waste, dump. 4. h/ to scatter. 5. hi to shed (tears); to shed, spill (blood). 6. hi to shed (hair); to shed, cast off (leaves/feathers). 7. hi to pour (s.t.) into a mold; to cast. 8. hi to pour (pasty dough) (into a pan of hot oil and cook it). 9. hi to empty, dump (a container). 10. hi to let (one’s hair) hang freely. 11. hi to pour out (one’s troubles/story/secrets). 12. hi to fail (a lot of students in a class). 13. /i, a/ to spend (a lot of money) on. 14. to have (spots/freckles/pimples) break out on one’s skin, döke saça colloq. in a spilling manner, spilling around, döktürmek 1. /a, ı/ to have/let (s.o.) pour (s.t.) (out). 2. /a, 1/ to make (s.o.) spill (s.t.). .3. /a, i/ to have (s.o.) throw (s.t.) out, have (s.o.) spill out (s.t.) as waste, have (s.o.) dump (s.t.). 4. /a, i/ to have (s.o.) scatter (s.t.). 5. /a, i/ to have (s.o.) shed (tears); to have (s.o.) shed/spill (blood). 6. /a, ı/ to cause (a plant) to shed (its leaves); to cause (an animal) to shed (its feathers). 7. Ill to have (s.t.) poured; to have (s.t.) cast. 8. /a, ı/ to have (s.o.) pour (pasty dough) (into a pan of hot oil and cook it). 9. /a, 1/ to have (s.o.) empty/dump (a container). 10. /a, i/ to have (s.o.) let (her/his hair) hang freely. 11. /a, i/ to have (s.o.) pour out (his/her troubles/story /secrets). 12. /a, ı / to have (s.o.) spend (a lot of money) on. 13. slang to do a swell job (of writing/dancing/ speaking).
dökük 1. nicely hanging (cloth/clothing). 2. loose, free (hair). 3. /a/ (hair) falling down to, let down to. 4. colloq. shabby, seedy, dökülme 1. spilling, being spilled. 2. desquamation. 3. being dumped. 4. being shed, dökülmek 1. to be poured, be poured out. 2. to be spilled. 3. to be thrown out, be spilled out as waste, be dumped. 4. to be scattered.
döküm
244
döner
    5.     (for tears) to be shed; (for blood) to be shed, be spilled. 6. (for hair) to be shed; .(for leaves/feathers) to be shed, be cast off. 7. to be poured into a mold; to be cast. 8. (for pasty dough) to be poured (into a pan of hot oil and cooked). 9. (for a container) to be emptied, be dumped. 10. (for one’s troubles/story/secrets) to be poured out. 11. (for a lot of students in a class) to fail. 12. (for a lot of money) to be spent. 13. (for spots/freckles/pimples) to break out on one’s skin. 14. /a/ (for people) to go out in large numbers, pour out (onto/into). 15. to get old and shabby. 16. to drape, hang in folds. 17. slang to be worn out, be tired. 18. to be miserable, be in a miserable condition. dökülüp saçılmak 1. to spend money lavishly. 2. to undress, strip; to take off some clothes. 3. to unburden o.s., pour out one’s troubles, döküm 1. casting, shaping in a mold. 2. detailed presentation. 3. inventory. 4. math, addition.
   5.     cin. breakdown of scenes into their shooting order. 6. molting; shedding. 7. slang sloppily dressed. 8. slang ugly (woman). — kalıbı casting mold, dökümcü foundryman. dökümcülük foundry work, dökümevi, -ni (..'..) see dökümhane, dökümhane (..— .) foundry, dökümlü nicely hanging (cloth/clothing); well -fitting (clothing), dökünmek hi to throw (water) over o.s., douse
    o.s. (with water), döküntü 1. discarded remnants, scraps. 2. those left behind when a group has been dispersed, stragglers. 3. colloq. shiftless and disreputable drifters. 4. path, skin eruption, exanthema. 5. reef (of rock), döl 1. young, offspring, new generation, issue, seed. 2. new plant, seedling. 3. descendants, posterity. 4. semen, sperm. 5. (a) generation.
    —      almak to get young from an animal. — döş colloq. children, descendants, family, progeny. —- vermek to reproduce, give birth, bring forth young, dölek prov. 1. serious, serious-minded, dignified. 2. even, flat (land), döleş see döleşi.
döleşi, -ni 1. placenta. 2. afterbirth, dölet, -ti embryo. — kesimi surg. embryotomy, döletbilim (./..) embryology, dölleme insemination, impregnation, fertilization, fertilizing, fecundation, döllemek hi to inseminate, impregnate, fertilize, fecundate, döllenim see döllenme, döllenme 1. insemination, being inseminated, fertilization. 2. hot. pollination, döllenmek to be inseminated, be impregnated, be fertilized, be fecundated, dölörtüsü, -nü (/...) anat. chorion. — bez uru path, chorioma. — kötücül uru path, chorio-
   epithelioma, choriocarcinoma, dölsüz childless, heirless; without young, dölüt, -tü fetus. — torba delimi surg. amniocentesis. — torbasal amniotic. — torbası anat. amnion, dölütsel fetal.
dölyatağı, -m (/...) anat. uterus, womb. — boşluğu anat. cavity of the uterus. — boynu anat. cervix, cervix uteri. — boynu yangısı path, cervicitis. — boynu yolu anar, cervical canal. — dışkatı anat. perimetrium. — eki yangısı path, adnexitis. — ekleri anat. adnexa uteri. — gövdesi anat. corpus uteri.
   —      içkatı anat. endometrium, dölyolu, -nu (/..) anat. vagina, dömifinal, -li (/...) sports semifinal match/
   game, semifinal, dömisek (/..) demi-sec, semi-dry (wine), dönbaba (/..) bot. cranesbill, Geranium, döndürme 1. turning, rotating s.t. 2. rejection; returning, sending back. 3. rotational stretching exercises, döndürmek 1. Ill to turn, rotate. 2. Ill to send back. 3. /i, a/ to turn/make/transform (one thing) into (another). 4. /i, a/ colloq. to drive (s.o.) (wild/crazy). 5. Ill colloq. to fail (a student) for the year. 6. Ill colloq. to pull (a trick/a ruse), döndürülmek 1. to be turned, be rotated; /a/ to be turned towards. 2. to be sent back. 3. /a/ (for one thing) to be turned/made/transformed into (another), döndürüm endorsement to another, döndürümlemek hi to endorse, döneç rotor (in a generator/a motor), dönek colloq. fickle, untrustworthy, inconstant, changeable.
döneklik colloq. inconstancy. — etmek to go back on one’s word, dönel 1. rotatory, rotating. 2. registered/certified (mail). — alındılı registered/certified (mail), dönelmek to begin to decline, dönem 1. period of time, period, era. 2. term (of a legislature until the next election). 3. school term, semester. 4. round (in boxing), dönemeç 1. bend, curve (in a road). 2. turning point; critical point, dönemeçli winding, curving (road), dönemsel periodic, dönemsellik periodicity, dönence 1. the point on which something turns.
   2.     astr. tropic, dönencel astr. tropical. — ay tropical month.
   —      yıl tropical year, astronomical year, dönenmek prov. 1. /da/ to turn around (in a
   place). 2. /da/ to mill around (in a place). 3. /çevresinde/ to circle around, pace around (s.t./a place), döner 1. turning, revolving. 2. tightly packed meat roasted on a large vertical spit. — kapı revolving door. — kebap tightly packed meat roasted on a large vertical spit. — kemik anat. radius. — koltuk swivel chair.
dönerbasar
   —  merdiven spiral stairs. — sermaye fin. revolving fund. — taşı, öter kuşu olmamak
   colloq. not to have a home and family. — uyak poet, word/suffix/sound repeated as a refrain after the rhyme word, dönerbasar rotary press, dönerci one who prepares/sells döner, dönercilik preparing/selling döner, dönergeçit (./..) turnstile, döngel bot. medlar, Mespilus germanica. döngelorucu, -nu (./...) fast, prolonged fast, döngü 1. vicious circle, circular reasoning. 2. meteorology cyclone, low. 3. rotation. 4. comp. loop. — denetimi comp, loop check.
   —  programı comp, loop program.
Dönme Dönmeh, Dunmeh (member of a Jewish community which converted to Islam in the seventeenth century).
dönme 1. turning, rotation, revolution. 2. converted to Islam, dönmedolap (./..) 1. revolving cupboard. 2.
   Ferris wheel, dönmek 1. to turn, revolve, rotate, spin. 2. to return, go back, come back. 3. /a/ to turn (toward). 4. /dan or 1/ to make a turn (at), turn. 5. /a/ to turn into, become. 6. to repeat, stay back in class. 7. to be converted (to another religion or point of view). 8. (for weather/circumstances) to change. 9. colloq. (for s.t. tricky) to be going on. 10. /dan/ colloq. to change (one’s plans); to break (a promise), renege on (one’s promise), go back ■ on (one’s word). 11. /dan/ to renounce (a cause/a claim to/for s.t.). döne döne by turning, by spinning, dönüp dolaşmak to walk back and forth, dönü 1. (a) turn, (a) rotation, revolution. 2. repentance, penitence. 3. sports lap (in a race).
   4.     theat. run (of a play). 5. rotation of doctors’ service assignments. 6. comp, rotation, dönük /a/ 1. turned toward, facing. 2. aimed at, addressed to. dönülmek impersonal passive 1. to turn. 2. to return, go back, dönüm 1. a land measure of 1000 square meters (about a quarter of an acre). 2. turning, returning. 3. rotating, revolving. 4. trip, round trip: Sucu üç dönüm su getirdi. The water carrier brought us three trips’ worth of water.
   —  noktası turning point.
dönümlük 1. enough for 1000 square meters.
   2.     of (so many) thousand square meters, dönüş 1. turning, rotation, revolution. 2. return.
   3. sports pivoting turn.
dönüşlü gram, reflexive (verb). — adıl reflexive pronoun. — çatı reflexive construction.
   —      eylem/fiil reflexive verb, dönüşlülük gram, reflexivity.
dönüşme 1. metamorphosis. 2. transformation.
   3.     ling, regressive assimilation, dönüşmek 1. /a/ to turn, be transformed (into).
   2. to mutate, undergo mutation, dönüştürme 1. transformation. 2. mutation.
                                                                                                     dört
dönüştürmek 1. /ı, a/ to transform (s.t.) into (s.t. else). 2. hi to cause a mutation (in), dönüştürücü elec. transformer, dönüştürüm transformation, making something change, dönüşül path, critical.
dönüşüm 1. transformation, being changeth 2. metaplasia, dönüşümce hysteria.
dönüşümcü 1. (a) transformist. 2. transformistic. dönüşümcülük transformism. dönüşümlü 1. alternating, (events) that occur alternately. 2. by turns, alternately. — olarak by turns, alternately: Pazartesi Miirebbiye ve Hanım filmleri dönüşümlü olarak gösterilecek. On Monday there will be alternate showings of The Governess and Lady. dönüşün (/..) prov. on one’s return, when returning.
döpiyes two-piece, two-piecer. dörder four each, four apiece. — dörder four at a time, by fours, dördül geom. square (equilateral rectangle), dördültaş (./.) square floor tile made of cement, dördün quarter (moon), dördüncü 1. fourth, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is fourth in a countable series. 2. fourth, in the fourth place. — kuvvet the Fourth Estate, the public press, the press. — zaman geol. the Quaternary period, the Quaternary, dördüz quadruplet. — yumrucuklar anat. corpora quadrigemina, quadrigeminal bodies, dördüzleme tetralogy.
dört 1. four. 2. all (sides/directions/parts). — ayak üstüne düşmek colloq. to land on one’s feet, land on both feet, be very lucky; to get out of trouble easily. — ayaklı zool. quadruped, four-footed; four-legged. — başı mamur in perfect condition, prosperous, flourishing. — başlı anat. quadriceps. —te bir one fourth, a quarter. — bir tarafi/yam all around it, on all sides of it. — bucak colloq. everywhere. — dönmek colloq. 1. to search desperately for a remedy. 2. to scurry around. — dörtlük 1. mııs. whole note.
    2. colloq. perfect; all-round. — duvar arasında kalmak colloq. to be shut in. — elle sarılmak/yapışmak /a/ colloq. 1. to go into (s.t.) wholeheartedly. 2. to cling to (s.o.) for support and help. — elli zool. quadrumanous, four-handed. — göz colloq. person wearing glasses, four-eyes. — gözle bakmak /a/ colloq. to look carefully (at). — gözle beklemek III colloq. to wait eagerly (for). — göz bir evlat için, proverb (Four eyes for one child.) All that parents do is for their children. — işlem the four arithmetical operations. — köşe/köşeli four-cornered, four-sided; square.
    —  köşe olmak colloq. to be highly pleased, be delighted. — taraftan on all sides. — üstü murat üstü colloq. fortunate, prosperous, flourishing. — yanma bakmak (— yana bakınmak) to look all around. — yam
 dörtayak                                             246
    deniz kesilmek colloq. to be left without help/hope.
dörtayak (/..) 1. zool. (a) quadruped. 2. on all fours.
dörtcihar (/.—) dice double four, dörtgen geom. quadrilateral, quadrangle. — biçme quadrangular prism, dörtkaşlı (/..) 1. (youth) with a budding mustache. 2. having bushy eyebrows, dörtkenar (/..) geom. quadrilateral, quadrangle, dörtleme 1. quadruplicate. 2. poet, expanding a couplet to a quatrain. 3. plowing a field four times.
dörtlemek hi 1. to make (s.t.) four. 2. to plow (a field) four times. 3. to put four people in (a dolmuş seat), dörtlü 1. (s.t.) which contains or consists of four things/parts. 2. playing cards the four. 3. mus. quartet. 4. (poem) made up of quatrains, dörtlük 1. (s.t.) designed to hold four things.
    2. (s.t.) weighing four grams/kilos. 3. poet. quatrain. 4. mus. quarter note. 5. astr. quarter (of the sky). 6. quarter (of the moon).
    7. astr. quadrature, dörtnal (/.) gallop, —a kaldırmak hi to gallop (a horse), dörtnala (/..) galloping, at a gallop, dörtyol (/.) crossroads. — ağzı crossroads, intersection.
dörtyüz (/.) slang, playing cards poker, dörtyüzlü (/..) geom. 1. tetrahedron. 2. tetrahedral.
                                                               döş prov. 1. breast, bosom. 2. breast, brisket, döşek 1. mattress. 2. naut. floor (of the hull of a ship). 3. bottom ballasting, roadbed. — e düşmek colloq. to be sick in bed, be bedridden.
döşekli 1. well settled, solidly based. 2. broad and flat-bottomed (boat), döşeli 1. furnished. 2. floored, laid, döşem installation; electricity and plumbing; fixtures.
döşemci installer; fitter; plumber; electrician, döşemcilik installation; plumbing; fitting, döşeme 1. flooring; floor. 2. upholstery. 3. interior furnishings. — kapağı trap door. — kirişi floor joist, döşemeci 1. upholsterer. 2. furniture dealer, döşemecilik 1. upholstering. 2. furniture trade, döşemek hi 1. to cover, spread on the floor.
    2. to spread. 3. to furnish, döşemelik 1. (material) suitable for flooring.
    2.    (material) suitable for upholstering, döşenmek 1. to be furnished. 2. /a/ to scold.
    3. to write a diatribe.
döşetilmek 1. to be furnished. 2. /a/ to be installed (in).
döşetmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.t.) furnished/ equipped. 2. to have (s.t.) installed (in), döşeyici installer; fitter; plumber; electrician, döteron phys. deuteron. döteryum (./.) chem. deuterium, dövdü prov. 1. mallet, beetle. 2. back of an ax.
                                                                                      dövüşkenlik
 dövdürmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) beaten. 2. to have (laundry, a rug, etc.) beaten. 3. to have (s.t.) threshed/pounded. dövdürtmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) beaten. 2. to have (laundry, a rug, etc.) beaten. 3. to have (a part of one’s body) tattooed, döveç prov. wooden mortar (in which s.t. is pounded).
                            döven (wooden) threshing sled (with flint blades set in the bottom). — sürmek to thresh, döviz 1 .fin. foreign money; foreign exchange/ currency, bills redeemable in foreign money.
   2.  motto/slogan/greeting inscribed on a decorative ribbon or poster. 3. placard. 4. slang money, dough. — alacaklıları foreign-ex-change creditors. — borçluları foreign-ex-change debtors. — bürosu foreign-exchange office. — e çevrilebilir mevduat banking deposits convertible into foreign currency. — kaçakçılığı smuggling of foreign exchange.
   —   kaçakçısı smuggler of foreign exchange.
   —   kaçırmak to smuggle foreign exchange.
   —   kontrolü foreign-exchange control. — kurları paritesi exchange parity. — kuru exchange rate, rate of exchange. — kuru riski exchange rate risk. — mevduatı banking 1. foreign-exchange deposit. 2. foreign -exchange account. — piyasası foreign-exchange market. — pozisyonu foreign-exchange position. — röpor muamelesi swap transaction. — tevdiat hesabı banking foreign-exchange account. — yardımlaşma anlaşmaları swap arrangements.
dövizci colloq. foreign-exchange dealer, dövlek prov. unripe melon, dövme 1. beating, pounding. 2. forging. 3. tattoo. 4. wrought (iron). 5. dehusked wheat.
   —      dondurma hand-churned ice cream, dövmeci 1. smith, forger. 2. tattooer, tattooist. dövmek hi 1. to beat, flog, thrash, paste. 2. to
   beat (laundry, a rug, etc.). 3. to pound (s.t.) to a powder. 4. to beat (eggs/food). 5. to forge (hot metal). 6. to tamp, pound down. 7. to shell, bombard. 8. to thresh (grain). 9. (for waves, rain, etc.) to pound, beat, strike. 10. to blast (a place) with cannon fire or artillery fire, dövülgen malleable, dövülgenlik malleability, dövülmek to be pounded/beaten/threshed/ forged.
dövülmüş 1. beaten, ground. 2. pounded to a powder, powdered, dövünmek 1. to beat o.s., beat one’s breast (in sorrow/regret). 2. to be frantic with sorrow/ regret.
dövüş 1. beating, flogging, thrashing, thrash, pasting. 2. fight, scuffle, brawl, dövüşçü fighter.
 dövüşken bellicose, pugnacious, combative, belligerent.
 dövüşkenlik bellicosity, pugnacity, combativeness, belligerence.
 dövüşmek                                            247
dövüşmek 1. to fight, struggle; /la/ to fight with/against, struggle against. 2. (for armed forces) to clash, join battle. 3. to fight (un-der boxing rules), dövüştürmek /i/ to pit (fighters/animals) against each other.
DPT (abbr. for Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı)
                                  SP.O. (the State Planning Organization).
Dr. (abbr. for Doktor) Dr. (Doctor), dragon 1. dragon. 2. dragoon, drahmi drachma (monetary unit of Greece), drahoma (./.) dowry (of non-Muslims), draje 1 sugar-coated pill. 2. chocolate-coated raisin/nut.
dram 1. drama. 2. tragic event, tragedy, drama drama, dramatik dramatic.
dramatize used in: — etmek /i/ to dramatize, dramaturg, -gu playwright, dramatist, dramaturge.
dramaturgi dramaturgy, dren 1. drainpipe. 2. surg. drain, drenaj drainage.
dretnot, -tu dreadnought, heavily armed battleship.
drezin rail, handcar.
dripling, -gi sports dribbling.
drosera (./.) bot. drosera, Drosera rotundifolia.
droseragiller (./...) bot. Droseraceae.
QSİ (abbr. for Devlet Su İşleri) S.W.S.A. (the State Water Supply Administration).
DSÖ (abbr. for Dünya Sağlık Örgütü) WHO (the World Health Organization).
DTCF (abbr. for Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi) C.L.H.G. (the College of Languages, History, and Geography) (in Ankara University).
dua (.—) prayer. — smı almak Iml to have the blessing of (s.o.). — etmek 1. to pray. 2. /a/ to pray for (s.o.) out of gratitude, duacı (.—.) a well-wisher. —mz your humble servant.
duahan (.—.) Islam professional reciter of prayers.
                              duayen the senior member (of a body, group, profession, etc.); doyen, dean; doyenne, duba 1. pontoon, float for a floating bridge. 2.
   flat-bottomed barge. — gibi colloq. very fat. dubar zool. mullet, Mugil. dubara 1. (.—'.) dice double deuce. 2. (./.)
   slang trick, dubaracı (./..) slang trickster, swindler, dublaj cin. dubbing. — yapmak cin. to dub. dublajcı cin. dubber.
dublajcılık cin. work of a dubber, dubbing, duble 1. a double (beer/spirits). 2. lining (of a garment). 3. slip, underdress. 4. large (olive). — etmek hi to line (a garment), dubleks duplex. — daire duplex apartment, dublör cin. double, dublve double-u, the letter w. duçar (— —) /a/ subject (to), afflicted (with).
   —   olmak /a/ to be subject (to), be afflicted
                                                                                                   duman
                                                                                                  (with), duçe duce.
 dudak lip. — benzeşmesi phon. rounding of vowels under the influence of labials. — boyası lipstick. — ■ bükmek colloq. to make a face, show displeasure. —ım bükmek to pucker one’s lips (as when about to weep).
    —   çukuru the groove in the upper lip. — dudağa lip to lip. — dudağa gelmek colloq. to kiss each other. — eşlemesi cin. coordination of dubbed sound to lip movements.
    —mı ısırmak colloq. 1. to bite one’s lip in astonishment. 2. to chew one’s lip as a sign to another not to say anything. — ısırtmak /a/ colloq. 1. to charm (s.o.). 2. to astonish (s.o.). — payı bırakmak not to fill a cup/a glass to the brim. — sarkıtmak colloq. to sulk. — tiryakisi colloq. chain smoker who does not inhale. — ünsüzü phon. labial consonant. —i yank harelipped, dudaksıl phon. labial, dudaksıllaşma phon. labialization.
 *dudu 1. colloq. old Armenian woman. 2. prov. title given to women (used after a first name).
 2dudu parrot. — dilli colloq. talkative; pleasant talker.
duhul, -lü (.—) 1. entering, entrance. 2. penetration. 3. law a man’s consummating the sexual act. — hakkı right of free entrance, duhuliye (.—..) 1. entrance fee. 2. import duty, duka (/.) 1. obs. duke. 2. ducat, dukalık (/..) obs. dukedom, duchy, dul 1. widow; widower. 2. widowed. — kalmak to be widowed. — karı enciği slang inveterate talker, chatterer (girl), dulaptalotu, -nu (../..) bot. mezereon, spurge olive, Daphne mezereum. dulaptalotugiller (../....) bot. Thymelaeaceae. dulavratotu, -nu (../..) bot. burdock, Arctium lappa.
 dulda prov. 1. recess in a hillside, grotto. 2.
   sheltered place, duldalamak hi prov. to shelter, duldalanmak prov. to take refuge (under), duldalı prov. sheltered (place), dulluk widowhood.
duluk prov. 1. face. 2. temple. 3. cheek. Duma (/.) Duma, dumağı prov. cold in the head, duman 1. smoke; fumes. 2. fog, mist, haze. 3. opacity (in the eye). 4. slang bad, hopeless (state/condition). 5. slang hashish, hash. 6. slang useless; uselessly. 7. slang timid, easily frightened. 8. slang gullible. — almak 1. hi (for a place) to be covered with mist/fog.
    2.  /dan/ colloq. to drag on, take a puff or pull of (a cigarette). — altı olmak slang to get potted from the smoke of hashish (in a closed place). — attırmak /a/ slang 1. to intimidate. 2. to be much better than. — ı doğru çıksın, colloq. (Let the smoke be drawn out properly.) As long as it works
dumancı
 248
2durulmak
    properly don’t worry about how it looks. — etmek hi slang 1. to break (s.t.) up, spoil. 2. to defeat. — olmak slang 1. /işi or durumu/ (for one’s work/a situation) to hit rock bottom, become very bad. 2. to disappear, get lost, —i üstünde colloq. 1. with the bloom still on it, very fresh. 2. brand-new, fresh.
   —      yapmak slang to win a lot at gambling with a small stake, make a killing, dumancı slang 1. one who wins a lot from a small stake. 2. user of hashish, dumanlamak 111 1. to fill (a place) with smoke, smoke up. 2. to smoke, cure, dumanlanmak 1. to get smoky; to be filled with smoke. 2. colloq. to get a wistful look (in one’s eyes). 3. colloq. (for one’s mind) to be confused, become muddled. 4. colloq. (for one’s head) to become fuddled, be befuddled.
   5.     to be smoked, be cured, dumanlı 1. smoky, filled with smoke. 2. misty, foggy. 3. colloq. tipsy, fuddled, befuddled, dumanrengi, -ni (./..) smoke gray, dumansız smokeless. — barut smokeless powder.
dumbel weight lifting dumbbell, dumdum dumdum bullet, dumdum, dumur (.—) atrophy, —a uğramak to be atrophied.
dupduru (/..) crystal clear, crystal, dura period, full stop.
‘duraç zool. francolin, Francolinus.
2duraç base, pedestal (of a statue/a column), durağan fixed, stable. — durum steady state, durağanlaşmak to become stable, durağanlık stability.
                                                          durak 1. (bus, train, etc.) stop. 2. halt, pause, break. 3. mus. rest. 4. mus. tonic note. 5. poet, caesura, duraki bot. nectarine, Prunus persica nectarina. duraklama 1. pause. 2. mil. standstill. 3. comp.
   halt. — devri unproductive period, duraklamak 1. to pause, come to a stop. 2. to stop every once in a while. 3. to hesitate, duraklatmak hi to bring (s.t.) to a standstill, duraklı phys. stationary, duraksama hesitation, duraksamak to hesitate, duraksamalı hesitant, dural static, unchanging, duralama hesitation, pause, duralamak 1. to pause, come to a stop. 2. to stop every once in a while. 3. to hesitate, duralandirma punctuation, marking with full stops.
duralandirmak 111 to punctuate, mark with full stops.
duralga station, terminal.
duralı having a period. — çeke semicolon.
duralit, -ti hardboard.
durallık static state.
durduraç mech. brake. -
durdurma stopping (s.t./s.o.).
durdurmak 111 to stop, bring to a stop.
durdurulmak to be stopped.
                                                        durgu 1. stoppage, interruption, breakdown. 2.
                                         pause, caesura, durguluk parking lot.
                                                        durgun 1. calm, quiet. 2. subdued, withdrawn.
   3.     stagnant. — mevsim dead season, dull season. — su standing water; stagnant water, durgunlaşmak 1. (for a person/the sea) to get calm, calm down. 2. to become dull, become torpid.
                                                        durgunluk 1. calmness. 2. heaviness, dullness.
   3.     stagnation. 4. mental dullness, durma 1. stop, stopping. 2. rest stop, pause, durmadan (/..) 1. continuously. 2. continually, durmak, -ur 1. to stop. 2. to last, continue to exist, endure. 3. to continue to be in one’s possession, exist as a possession, to (still) have. 4. to stand without doing anything.
   5.    /da/ to be, remain (at a place). 6. to continue to be (in a specified condition). 7. to suit, go, appear, look. 8. to behave (in a specified way). Dur! Stop!/Wait! Dur dinlen yok. colloq., see Dur otur yok. durup dinlenmeden colloq. without a break, continuously. durdu durdu da .... colloq. after having postponed the matter again and again: Durdu durdu da en iyisini buldu. He waited a long time but finally he got the best one. durup dururken colloq. 1. suddenly. 2. with no reason, without provocation. 3. while there was no need for it. Dur durak yok. colloq., see Dur otur yok. durduğu yerde colloq. 1. without making any effort. 2. for no good reason. 3. without having done anything wrong. Dur otur yok. colloq. There is not a moment’s peace, durmaksızın (./..) continuously, without stopping.
                                                        durmamacasma (.'.....) see durmaksızın, durmuş stale (food). — et aged meat. — oturmuş colloq. experienced and settled down, duru 1. clear, crystal clear. 2. clear, smooth (skin). 3. pure, clear (speech, language, etc.).
   —  su clear water.
durucu permanent, enduring, lasting, duruk 1. static, motionless. 2. stator. 3. motion picture scene taken with a stationary camera.
   —  bellek comp, static memory. — değişken comp, static variable. — şişkinlik Brit, stagflation.
duruksamak prov. 1. to be about to stop. 2. to hesitate.
duruksun prov. hesitating, hesitant, durulama rinsing. — suyu rinse water, durulamak hi to rinse.
durulanmak 1. to be rinsed. 2. to rinse (o.s.). durulaşmak to become clear, become transparent.
‘durulmak 1. to become clear and limpid. 2. to settle down, quiet down, die down, calm down. 3. (for a person) to settle down, finally to grow up.
                                                        2durulmak impersonal passive 1. to stop, stand.
durultma
 249
duygusuz
    2. to stay, reside, durultma chem. clarification, clarifying, durultmak hi 1. to make (s.t.) clear and transparent. 2. to clarify (a liquid), duruluk clearness, limpidity.
‘durum 1. state, condition. 2. situation, circumstances. 3. comp, status. (...) —unda in the event that ..., in the event of ...: kâğıda zam gelmesi durumunda in the event that there is an increase in the price of paper. — almak to take a stand. — baytı comp, status byte.
    —  belgesi 1. certificate. 2. certificate of good conduct. — biti comp, status bit. — u bozulmak to get into financial straits. — u düzelmek for one’s financial position to improve/ get better. — ortacı gram, descriptive participle. — ulacı gram, participial adverb.
2durum durum. — buğdayı durum wheat, duruş 1. rest, stop. 2. posture, duruşma (a) hearing (in a lawsuit). — hazırlığı law preliminary proceedings, duş 1. shower, shower bath. 2. shower fixture; shower nozzle. — almak/yapmak to take a shower, have a shower. — kabini shower cubicle, shower stall, duşak prov. hobble, fetter, duşaklamak l\l prov. to hobble (an animal), dut, -tu 1. bot. mulberry, Moms. 2. slang very drunk, dead drunk. — gibi olmak slang 1. to be dead drunk. 2. to be greatly ashamed.
    —  kurusu dried mulberries. — kurusu ile yâr sevilmez, proverb (You can’t win your love with dried mulberries.) Worthwhile goals demand sacrifice. — yemiş bülbüle dönmek colloq. to be tongue-tied, become sad and quiet.
dutçuluk mulberry cultivation, dutgiller bot. Moraceae. dutluk 1. mulberry grove. 2. full of mulberry trees.
duvak 1. bridal veil. 2. large lid (of stone/earthenware for covering a cistern, a chimney, or a large container). — ına doymamak colloq. (for a newly-wed bride) to be widowed or die. — düşkünü colloq. young widow, duvaklamak III to put a bridal veil on (a bride), duvaklanmak 1. to put on a bridal veil. 2. to become a bride, duvaklı veiled, wearing a bridal veil, duvar 1. wall. 2. colloq. barrier (between two people). 3. sports blocking, defensive barrier.
    —  ‘askısı clothes rack (fastened to a wall).
    —  ayağı the foundation of a wall; the foot of a wall. — ayak engaged pier. — çekmek to build a wall, —la çevirmek lif to surround with a wall. — dayağı a pole used to prop up a wall. — dişi a serrated surface at the end of a wall (left as a bond for a possible later addition). — etekliği baseboard, mop-board. — gazetesi wall newspaper. — gibi colloq. stone-deaf. — halısı wall rug. — ilanı poster. — kâğıdı wallpaper. — ı nem, insanı gam yıkar, proverb Worry wears out a
   person just as moisture destroys a wall. — örmek to put up a wall. — pabucu footing (of a wall). — resmi fresco, painting on a wall. — saati wall clock, duvarcı 1. bricklayer; stonemason. 2. slang burglar.
duvarcılık bricklaying; stonemasonry. duvarlı having walls, walled, duvarsedefi, -ni (./...) bot. germander, Teu-crium.
duvartırmaşıkkuşu, -nu (./.........) zool. wall
   creeper, Tichodroma muraria. duy elec. light socket. — priz socket with outlets for plugs, duyar sensitive, sensible, duyarca (./.) allergy, duyarcali (./..) allergic, duyarga (./.) zool. antenna, duyargalılar (./...) zool. Antennata. duyargan 1. allergen. 2. allergenic, duyarkat, -ti (./.) cin. emulsion coating, emulsion, duyarlı sensitive.
duyarlık 1. sensitiveness. 2. (allergic) sensitivity.
duyarlılık sensitivity, duyarsız insensitive.
duyarsızlaşma desensitization, becoming desensitized, duyarsızlaşmak to be desensitized, duyarsızlaştırma desensitization. duyarsızlaştırmak hi to desensitize, duyarsızlık insensitivity, duygan sensitive, duyganlik sensitivity.
duygu 1. sensation, sense reception. 2. impression. 3. sentiment, bond of sentiment. 4. feeling, attitude. 5. emotion. — larıyla davranmak to act on one’s feelings, behave according to one’s feelings, duygudaş 1. sympathizer. 2. sympathizing, sympathetic, duygudaşlık sympathy, duygulamak hi to affect, move, touch, duygulandırma (act of) affecting/moving/ touching.
duygulandırmak hi to affect, move, touch, duygulanım affectivity, being affected, being moved, being touched, duygulammsal affective, duygulanma being affected, being moved, be-.
   ing touched, duygulanmak to be affected, be moved, be touched.
duygulu 1. sensitive. 2. easily hurt, emotional, duygululuk sensitivity, duygun sensitive, duygunluk sensitivity.
duygusal 1. emotional. 2. romantic, sentimental.
duygusallık 1. being emotional. 2. sentimentality.
duygusuz 1. unfeeling, insensitive; hardhearted,
duygusuzluk
250
düğümlenmek
    callous. 2. insensitive, having no sensation, duygusuzluk 1. insensitivity; heartlessness. 2.
    insensitivity, lack of sensation, duyma 1. hearing, sense of hearing. 2. feeling; sensation.
duymak 111 1. to hear. 2. to get word of. 3. to be aware of. 4. to feel, sense, perceive, experience. 5. to have the sensation of. 6. to feel (pride/joy/pleasure/sorrow). Duyduk duymadık demeyin! colloq. Don’t say later that you haven’t heard about it (because I’m going to tell you now), duymazlıktan gelmek hi colloq. to ignore, pretend not to have heard, duynak see toynak.
duysal 1. sensory, sensorial. 2. tactile, tactual, duyu sense. — alanı anat. dermatome. — siniri anat. sensory nerve. — yitimi anesthesia, duyuk news.
duyulmak 1. to be heard. 2. to be sensed, duyulmamış unheard-of. duyultu rumor, duyultucu reporter of rumors, duyultulamak hi to spread (a rumor), duyulur 1. audible. 2. perceptible. — duyulmaz colloq. I. barely audible, faint (sound). 2. as soon as (the news, a sound, etc.) is/was heard.
duyuiurüstü (../..) extrasensory, duyum sensation. — eşiği threshold of consciousness. — ikiliği synesthesia. — yitimi anesthesia.
duyumcu phil. 1. (a) sensationalist, (a) sensualist. 2. sensationalistic, sensualistic. duyumculuk phil. sensationalism, sensism, sensualism, duyumlama sensing, sensation, duyumlamak hi to sense, duyumölçer (./..) esthesiometer. duyumsal sensory, sensorial, duyumsamak hi to feel, sense, duyumsamaz apathetic, duyumsamazlık apathy, duyumsatmak /ı, a/ to make (s.o.) feel (s.t.). duyumsuz insensible, insensitive, duyumsuzlaştırıcı anesthetic, duyumsuzlaştırmak hi to anesthetize, duyunç conscience, duyunçlu conscientious, duyunçluluk conscientiousness, duyunçsuz unscrupulous, duyunçsuzluk lack of scruples, duyurmak /i, a/ 1. to have/let (s.o.) hear (s.t.).
   2.     to announce/proclaim (s.t.) to (s.o.). 3. to cause (s.o.) to sense/perceive (s.t.), get (s.t.) across to (s.o.) indirectly. 4. to have (s.t.) made known to (s.o.). duyuru 1. announcement; notification. 2. call to a meeting. — tahtası 1. billboard. 2. bulletin board.
duyurucu 1. proclaiming, making heard. 2.
    causing (one) to feel (a sensation), duyurulmak /a/ 1. to have (s.t.) heard (by s.o.).
   2. to be announced, be proclaimed (to s.o.).
   3. to have (s.t.) sensed/perceived (by s.o.).
   4.    to have (s.t.) made known (to s.o.). duyurumluk banner with a slogan, duyusal sensory, sensorial.
                                                          duyuş 1. hearing. 2. perception. 3. impression, feeling. — vurgusu phon. affective accent, duyuüstü (./..) supersensory, supersensible;
   extrasensory, duziko (./.) slang raki (not flavored with aniseed), dü dice two.
düalist, -ti 1. (a) dualist. 2. dualistic. diializm dualism.
Dübbüasgar obs., astr., see Küçükayı. Dübbüekber obs., astr., see Büyükayı, dübeş dice fives.
                                                         düden geol. swallow hole, sink, sinkhole;
   doline; ponor. düdük 1. whistle, pipe. 2. slang stupid. — ü çalmak colloq. to become happy. — gibi colloq. 1. shrill (voice). 2. short and tight (clothes). — gibi kalmak colloq. 1. to be left entirely alone (through one’s own fault). 2. to lose weight, get thin. — makarnası 1. macaroni. 2. slang stupid, düdüklemek hi slang to have sexual intercourse with, * screw, düdüklü 1. having a whistle. 2. colloq. pressure cooker. — tencere pressure cooker, düello (./.) duel, düet, -ti mus. duet, düetto (./.) mus. short duet, dügâh (.—) classical Turk. mus. a makam, düğme 1. button. 2. electric switch. 3. bud. 4.
   slang catamite. — çengeli buttonhook, düğmeci maker/seller of buttons, düğmecilik making/selling buttons, düğmek hi prov. to knot, düğmelemek hi to button up. düğmelenmek to be buttoned up. düğmeli 1. having buttons. 2. buttoned, düğmesiz buttonless.
düğü prov. 1. fine cracked wheat. 2. rice, düğüm 1. knot. 2. difficult problem. 3. phys., comp. node. 4. lit. climax. — açmak to untie a knot. — atmak /a/ to knot, tie a knot in (s.t.). —ünü çözmek Iml colloq. to solve, make (s.t.) clear. — düğüm in knots, knotted up. — noktası crucial point, vital point.
   —      olmak to get knotted. — üstüne düğüm vurmak colloq. to squirrel away one’s money. — vurmak /a/ colloq. 1. to knot, tie a knot in (s.t.). 2. to squirrel away (one’s money), düğümcük nodule.
                                                         düğümlemek hi 1. to knot, tie a knot in (s.t.).
   2. to fasten (s.t.) with a knot, düğümlenmek 1. to be knotted, be tied in a knot. 2. colloq. to get tangled, get tangled up, get messed up. 3. colloq. (for traffic) to be tied up in knots, be jammed up, be congested.
düğümlü
düğümlü knotted, tied in a knot; full of knots, düğün 1. wedding feast, wedding reception. 2. circumcision feast. — aşıyla dost ağırlanmaz, proverb (One cannot entertain a friend with wedding food.) One does not honor a guest with warmed-over food. — bayram etmek colloq. to be very happy, be joyous; to celebrate. — dernek colloq. festival, merry entertainment. — dernek, hep bir örnek. colloq. (It doesn’t matter whether it’s a wedding feast or a simple gathering.) It’s always the same old thing. — evi gibi colloq. (place) filled with a happy throng of people. — olur iki kişiye, kaygısı düşer deli komşuya. proverb (The wedding feast is for the couple, but it’s the crazy neighbor who worries about it.) It’s silly to fret about the arrangements for somebody else’s entertainment. — pilavıyla dost ağırlamak colloq. to take credit for what has been done by others. — salonu hall rented for a reception following a wedding/an engagement/a circumcision. — yapmak to hold a wedding, düğüncü prov. 1. the host at a wedding feast/ reception. 2. one sent to invite guests to a wedding feast. 3. wedding guest, düğünçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. buttercup, Ranunculus.
düğünçiçeğigiller (./.....) bot. Ranunculaceae. düğünçorbası, -ni (./...) a soup made of meat and yogurt thickened with flour and garnished with hot fat. dük, -kü duke.
dükkân 1. shop. 2. slang gambling house. — açmak to set up business, open shop. — sahibi owner of a shop, dükkâncı shopkeeper, düklük dukedom, duchy, düldül colloq. 1. nag, broken-down horse. 2.
   lizzie, jalopy, old car. dülger carpenter (who constructs the wooden framework of a building), dülgerbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. John Dory, dory, Zeus faber. dülgerlik carpentry.
dümbelek 1. a small drum. 2. slang stupid. 3.
   slang stupid ass. 4. slang catamite, dümbelekçi 1. drummer. 2. seller of dümbelek, dümbük slang 1. bad, vicious, wicked. 2. pimp, pander, procurer, dümdar hist, rear guard, dümdüz (/.) 1. perfectly smooth, perfectly level, completely flat. 2. plain, simple (person). 3. straight ahead, dümen 1. naut. rudder. 2. slang trick. 3. slang come-on. 4. colloq. control, administration, —ine bakmak slang to watch for a chance to get one’s share. — bedeni naut. rudder shank. — çevirmek colloq. to play tricks. . — dinlemek naut. (for a ship) to answer her helm. — dolabı naut. rudder wheel, wheel.
   —i eğri colloq. walking sideways. —i elinde olmak colloq. to control, be in charge (of).
251                                                  dünya
          —  evi naut. housing for the rudder shaft. — kırmak 1. naut. to change directions, veer.
          2. slang to be on one’s guard, proceed carefully. —i kırmak slang to scram, beat it, clear out. — kullanmak slang to be on one’s guard, proceed carefully. — neferi colloq. the last/laziest (person). — suyu naut. the wake of a ship. — suyundan gitmek Iml colloq. to follow in (s.o.’s) wake. — tutmak naut. to steer. — yapmak /a/ slang to deceive, trick (s.o.). — yekesi naut. tiller. — yelpazesi naut. blade of a rudder.
       dümenci 1. naut. helmsman, steersman. 2. slang the last/laziest (student). 3. slang tricky person. 4. slang decoy for a gambling house, capper.
      dümencilik 1. naut. helmsmanship, steersman-ship; steering. 2. slang the tail end; being the last. 3. slang trickiness, diimtek classical Turk. mus. tempo. — tutmak to keep time, beat time, dün 1. yesterday. 2. the past. — akşam last night, yesterday evening. — bir, bugün iki. colloq. (Yesterday was the first, today is the second.) It is still too soon. — değil evvelki gün the day before yesterday. — öleni dün gömerler, proverb (They bury yesterday the one who dies yesterday.) One should not dwell on past sorrows, dünden 1. from yesterday. 2. colloq. eagerly.
          —  bugüne colloq. in a short time, overnight.
          —  hazır colloq., see dünden razı. — ölmüş colloq. listless, without zest. — razı colloq. eager.
       dünit, -ti geol. dunite.
      dünkü, -nü 1. of yesterday, yesterday’s. 2. colloq. raw, inexperienced. — çocuk colloq. a young and inexperienced person; upstart. — gün yesterday, dünür the father-in-law or mother-in-law of one’s child. — düşmek /a/ to ask for (a girl) as a bride for (s.o. else). — gezmek to search for a suitable bride for a suitor. — gitmek to go and see a girl and ask for her hand on behalf of another, dünürcü prov. woman sent out to see about a prospective bride, dünürleşmek prov. to become relatives by marriage, become in-laws, dünürlük 1. role of one who looks for a bride for someone. 2. relationship between parents whose children are married to each other, relationship between in-laws, dünürşü prov., see dünüş. dünüş prov. the mother-in-law of a woman’s child.
       dünya (.—) 1. the world, the earth. 2. the universe. 3. everyone, people, —da colloq. never in this world: Dünyada gitmem. I would not go for the whole world. — ahret kardeşim olsun, colloq. Let it be friendship only. — âlem colloq. everybody. —yı anlamak colloq. to understand life, be mature.
dünya
252
dürüşt
D— Bankası the World Bank. —yı başına dar etmek colloq. /m/ to make life unbearable for (s.o.). — başına yıkılmak colloq. to be very miserable. —lar benim oldu, colloq. I felt on top of the world. — bir araya gelse colloq. even if everybody is opposed.
—   bir, işi bin. proverb There is only one world, but it has a thousand complications in it. —nın bir ucu colloq., see dünyanın öbür ucu. — çapında colloq. 1. throughout the world, worldwide. 2. global. — nm dört bucağı colloq. the four corners of the earth.
—   durdukça colloq. for ever and ever, —dan elini eteğini çekmek (—dan el çekmek) colloq. to cut o.s. off from the world and worldly things. — evi colloq. marriage.
—   evine girmek colloq. to get married, —dan geçmek colloq. to retire from the world, lose touch with life, —smdan geçmek colloq. to lose one’s interest in life. —ya gelmek colloq. to be born, come into the world. — ya getirmek /ı/ to give birth to, bring into the world. — görüşü one’s general philosophy of life. — ya gözlerini açmak colloq. to be born, open one’s eyes to the world. — yı gözü görmemek colloq. to be so affected by something tha.t one can’t think of anything else. — gözüyle görmek /ı/ colloq. to see (s.o./a place) before one dies.
—ya gözlerini kapamak/yummak colloq. to die, pass away, close one’s eyes to the world.
—   güzeli 1. colloq. (person) of outstanding beauty. 2. Miss Universe, —dan haberi olmamak colloq. to be unaware of what is going on around one. — yı haram etmek /a/ colloq. to make life a living hell for (s.o.). —nm kaç bucak/köşe olduğunu anlamak/ öğrenmek colloq. to learn by bitter experience. —mn kaç bucak olduğunu göstermek /a/ colloq. to give (s.o.) what he/she has coming to him/her. — kadar colloq. a whole lot. — ya kazık kakmak colloq. to live to a ripe old age. — kelamı colloq. worldly talk.
—   kelamı etmek colloq. to talk about worldly things. — kurulalıdan beri since the world began. — malı colloq. wealth, possessions. — malı dünyada kalır, proverb (Worldly wealth remains in the world.) You can’t take it with you. — nimeti colloq., see dünya malı, —lar (onun) olmak colloq. to be very happy. — nın öbür ucu colloq. the far end of the world. — ölümlü, gün akşamlı. proverb (Life ends in death as the day ends in evening.) Nothing lasts forever, -nın parası colloq. a lot of money. — penceresi colloq. the eyes. — (Peygamber) Süleyman’a bile kalmamış, proverb (Death overtook even King Solomon.) No man can live forever. D— Sağlık Örgütü the World Health Organization, —da tasasız baş bostan korkuluğunda bulunur, proverb (The only carefree head is on a scarecrow.) No mortal is free from worries. — yı tozpembe
   görmek colloq. to see things through rose -colored glasses. — yı tutmak colloq. to spread far and wide. — tükenir, yalan tükenmez. proverb There will be lies as long as the world exists. —nm ucu uzundur. proverb Life is long and full of surprises.
   —      varmış! colloq. How wonderful! (<expression of relief), —dan vazgeçmek colloq., see dünyadan geçmek. — nm yedi harikası the Seven Wonders of the World. — yıkılsa umurunda değil, colloq. (Even if the world were to be destroyed he/she wouldn’t care.) He/She doesn’t give a damn. — yüzü görmemek colloq. to be overwhelmed by circumstances. —yı ziııdan/zehir etmek /a/ colloq. to make life unbearable for. — zindan olmak /a/ colloq. to be in great distress, dünyaca (.—.) throughout the world, worldwide.
dünyalık (.—.) colloq. worldly goods, wealth; money. — ı doğrultmak to make one’s wad, make enough to live off. dünyevi (..—) worldly, düo (/.) mus. duet.
düpedüz (/..) colloq. 1. openly. 2. sheer, absolute, downright, utter, dürbün 1. field glasses, binoculars. 2. small telescope. 3. telescopic sight, —ün tersiyle bakmak /a/ colloq. to belittle, dürbünlü fitted with a telescopic sight. — tüfek a rifle with a telescopic sight, dürme 1. rolling up. 2. a thin bread-like pastry into which cheese or ground meat is put. 3. prov. cabbage, dürmece zool. vine moth, dürmek /i/ 1. to roll (s.t.) up. 2. to fold (s.t.) up.
dürtmek hi 1. to prod, goad. 2. colloq. to incite, provoke, urge on, stir up, instigate, dürtü psych, drive, compulsion, impulse, dürtüklemek hi 1. to prod slightly and continually. 2. to nudge. 3. to prod, urge on. dürtülmek 1. to be prodded, be goaded. 2. colloq. to be provoked, be incited, dürtüşlemek hi prov., see dürtüklemek. dürtüşmek prov. to push/prod one another gently.
dürtüştürmek III prov. to prod repeatedly, goad, dürü 1. roll, something rolled up. 2. prov. gift, present. 3. prov. trousseau, dürülmek 1. to be rolled up. 2. to be folded up.
dürülü 1. rolled up. 2. folded up. dürüm 1. roll, something rolled up. 2. a piece of very thin bread rolled up around a stuffing.
dürüm dürüm (./ ..) colloq. in rolls. — dürmek h! to roll (s.t.) up. — dürzü vulg. a complete scoundrel, dürüst, -tü 1. honest; straightforward. 2. flawless.
dürüstlük honesty; straightforwardness, dürüşt, -tü obs. coarse, harsh, severe, brutal.
Dürzi
Dürzi (.—) Druse, dürzü pej., vulg. scoundrel, düse dice double three.
düstur obs. 1. norm; rule. 2. code of laws. 3. chem., math, formula. 4. principle. — Üİ amel rule, guiding principle, düş 1. dream. 2. hope, aspiration, dream. —ü azmak colloq. to have a seminal emission during sleep. — görmek to have a dream. _te görse hayra yormamak colloq. to be too good to be true. — gücü 1. imaginative power. 2. imagination (mental faculty). — kırıklığı disappointment. — kurmak to daydream.
düşbilim (/..) psych, oneirology, the study of dreams.
düşçü dreamer, day dreamer, person with unrealistic expectations, düşçülük daydreaming, düşelge 1. share, lot. 2. share in an inheritance, düşerlik premium, bonus, düşes duchess.
düşeş 1. dice double six. 2. a pleasant surprise.
   3.     slang slap. — atmak colloq. to have a surprising success, düşey perpendicular (line), düşeyazmak (./..) to be on the verge of falling, düşeylik perpendicularity, düşgele (/..) prov. 1. random, haphazard. 2. at random; by chance, düşgelim (/..) chance happening, random event, düşgelimsel (.'...) random, düşgelme (/..) coincidence, düşgelmek (/..) /a/ to meet/encounter by chance, chance to meet, chance upon, come across, come upon, happen upon, düşgörüntü (.'...) apparition, ghost, düşgücü, -nü (/..) 1. imaginative power, imagi-
-  nation, imaginativeness. 2. imagination (the mental faculty), düşkurucu (/...) daydreamer. düşkü 1. fall from esteem/position. 2. feeling of helplessness; powerlessness. 3. phil. external event, düşkü hobby, avocation, düşkün 1. /a/ addicted to, having a passion for. 2. /a/ excessively devoted to, excessively fond of. 3. who has seen better days, down -and-out. 4. worn-out, washed-out in appearance (because of illness/anxiety). 5. colloq. immoral, unchaste, fallen (woman), düşkünezen oppressive, cruel, düşkünezenlik oppression, cruelty, düşkünlerevi, -ni (../..) a home for poor, ^ homeless, handicapped people, poorhouse. düşkünleşmek 1. to come down in the world, fall upon hard times. 2. to become haggard in appearance. 3. colloq. (for a woman) to fall into a sexually immoral way of life, düşkünlük 1. poverty. 2. /a/ excessive fondness for; excessive addiction to. düşlem imagination, fantasy, düşlemek /ı/ to imagine, fantasize.
                                                                                               düşük
düşlemsel imaginary.
                                                         düşman 1. enemy. 2. one who consumes much (of s.t.): pilav düşmanı a great pilaf eater.
   —   ağzı colloq. calumny. (...) — başına, colloq. I wouldn’t wish (it) on my worst enemy.
   —   çatlatmak colloq. to spite one’s enemies by parading one’s successes. — düşmana gazel okumaz, proverb (A man does not serenade his enemy.) One can’t expect friendship from an enemy. — düşmanın halinden anlamaz/bilmez, proverb One tends to overestimate one’s enemy. — düşmana yasin okumaz, proverb, see Düşman düşmana gazel okumaz, —m karmca ise de hor bakma. proverb (If you should have an ant for an enemy, don’t scorn it.) Don’t underestimate an enemy. — olmak/kesilmek /a/ to become an enemy (of).
düşmanca (./.) 1. in a hostile manner, hos-tilely. 2. hostile, düşmanlık enmity, antagonism, animosity, hostility. — etmek /a/ to treat (s.o.) as an enemy.
düşme fall, falling, falling down, düşmek 1. to fall, fall down. 2. to fall from power. 3. to fall, drop, go down, decrease.
   4.    h! to subtract; to deduct. 5. (for a fetus) to be miscarried; to be aborted. 6. /a/ to fall into, be overcome by (doubts/worry/trouble). 7. to get (tired/weak). 8. /a/ to be suitable; to suit. 9. /a/ to lie within one’s responsibility, be up to (one). 10. /a/ to lie in (a certain direction). 11. /a/ to fall on (a certain day). 12. /a/ naut. to fall off course or make little headway (due to wind/waves/current). 13. /a/ to come to (one) by chance. 14. /a/ to receive, get as one’s share (by chance/allotment). 15. /dan/ to be left out of (accidentally). 16. /a/ to wind up in, end up in (jail/ court/a hospital). 17. /a/ to get involved with (a disagreeable and unpleasant person). 18. slang to drop in on someone, appear unannounced. Düşenin dostu olmaz, proverb People in trouble have no friends, düşe kalka colloq. struggling along, with difficulty, düşüp kalkmak /la/ colloq. 1. to live in sexual intimacy with, sleep around with. 2. to be a close friend of, pal around with. Düşmez kalkmaz bir Allah, proverb Only God is free from trouble, düşsel 1. relating to dreams, oneiric. 2. imaginary.
düşsever daydreamer. düşseverlik daydreaming, düşük 1. fallen, drooping. 2. low (price/quality/ pressure). 3. colloq. immoral, unchaste, fallen (woman). 4. misconstrued (sentence); unrefined (style of writing). 5. miscarriage; abortion. 6. aborted fetus, abortion. — ateş path, subnormal temperature. — basınç 1. low pressure. 2. med. low blood pressure, hypotension. — başlangıcı incipient abortion. — çözünürlük comp, low resolution.
düşüklük
254
düze
   —  nitelikli poor in quality, poor, low-quality.
   —  yapmak (for a pregnant woman) to have a miscarriage; to have an abortion.
düşüklük 1. droopiness. 2. geol. subsidence. 3. a drop in the atmospheric pressure. 4. incorrectness (of style). 5. path, ptosis. 6. lack of quality, commonness, düşüm 1. fall, decline. 2. prov. wooden stamp for marking a pile of grain at a threshing floor.
düşümdeşlik concurrence, concurrency, coincidence.
düşümdeşmek phil. to concur, coincide, düşün thought. — özgürlüğü freedom of thought, düşünbilim (./..) philosophy, düşünbilimci (./...) philosopher, düşünce 1. thought, thinking. 2. idea, opinion, reflection, observation. 3. anxiety, worry, —sini açmak colloq. to express one’s thought. — alışverişi exchange of opinions, (bir) —dir almak /ı/ colloq. to begin to worry, begin to worry about something, —ye dalmak colloq. to be lost in thought, —sini okumak Iml colloq. to read (s.o.’s) mind. — özgürlüğü freedom of thought, —ye varmak colloq. to reach an opinion, düşüncel ideational, düşünceleme ideation.
düşünceli 1. thoughtful, considerate, tactful. 2. pensive, lost in thought. 3. depressed, worried.
düşüncelilik 1. thoughtfulness, considerateness, consideration, tactfulness. 2. abstraction, worry. 3. carefulness, düşüncellik ideation.
                                                           düşüncesiz 1. thoughtless, inconsiderate, tactless. 2. unworried; carefree, düşüncesizlik 1. thoughtlessness, inconsiderateness, inconsideration, tactlessness. 2. lack of care/worries. — etmek to act thoughtlessly, düşündeş 1. of the same opinion, like-minded.
   2. one of a group with a common point of view.
düşündeşlik like-mindedness, düşündürmek i\l to make (s.o.) think, give (one) pause to think, düşündürtmek hi see düşündürmek, düşündürücü thought-provoking, düşüngü ideology, düşüngücü ideologist, düşüngüsel ideological, düşünme 1. thinking, thought. 2. introspection, düşünmeden (./..) without thinking, without thought of, impulsively, düşünmek hi 1. to think of. 2. to consider, think about. 3. to worry (about). Düşün düşün, boktur işin. vulg. (If you think too much about something, you’ll find yourself on a dunghill.) The more you worry about your troubles the worse they seem, düşünüp taşınmak 111 colloq. to think over carefully, consider at length.
düşünsel intellectual, related to thought, düşünsellik intellectuality, düşüntü well-considered thought, düşünü thought, düşünücü thinker, intellectual, düşünülmek to be thought of. düşünür thinker, intellectual, düşünürlük intellectualism. düşünüsel intellectual, related to thought, düşünüş way of thinking, mentality, düşünyazı (..'..) article (in a newspaper/a magazine).
düşürmek III 1. to drop, let fall. 2. to reduce.
   3.  to miscarry; to abort. 4. to pass, expel (intestinal worms, gallstones, kidney stones).
   5.     colloq. to get (s.t.) at a bargain. 6. to remove from power; to overthrow, düşürtmek /a, ı/ 1. to cause (s.o.) to drop. 2. to cause (a pregnant woman) to miscarry/ abort (a fetus), düşürülmek 1. to be dropped. 2. to be decreased. 3. to be overthrown, düşürüm 1. price reduction for a sale. 2. coup d’etat.
düşüş 1. fall, falling. 2. decrease, düşüt, -tü aborted fetus, düşüzlemek slang to come, düşyıkımı, -ni (/...) disappointment, frustration of one’s hopes, düt toot.
düttürü (/..) colloq. 1. (woman) wearing very tight clothes. 2. very tight and short (dress).
   —      Leyla woman whose clothes are too tight and too short, düve heifer.
düvel countries, nations, düvelek prov. 1. a small melon. 2. unripe melon, düven see döven.
düvesimek prov. (for a bull) to be in rut. düyek classical Turk. mus. a rhythmic pattern, düyun (.—) obs. debts.
‘düz 1. smooth, even; flat, level. 2. straight. 3. plain, simple; plain-colored, without ornament. 4. plain, level area. — arazi level land. — e çıkmak colloq. to get through a difficult situation. — duvara tırmanmak colloq. to be very naughty. — eklem anat. arthrodia. — kas anat. smooth muscle. — nefes etmek hi slang to overcome, get the better of (s.o.). — perçin çivisi countersunk rivet. — uçuş level flight. — ünlü phon. unrounded vowel.
2düz a grape raki.
düzayak (/..) colloq. 1. without stairs, on one level. 2. on a level with the street, düzbağırsak (/...) anat. rectum, düzbaskı (/..) offset, offset lithography, düzce fairly smooth/level, düzçizer straightedge, ruler, düzdizim (/..) line, level, alignment, düze 1. chem. proportion, amount. 2. med. dosage.
düzeç
düzeç level, spirit level, düzeçleme leveling, düzeçlemek hi to level, level (s.t.) off. düzelmek 1. to become smooth/flat/level/ straight. 2. to be put in order. 3. to begin to go well, straighten out. 4. to improve, get better, recover. 5. to get well, düzelti 1. correction (of a proofreader). 2. proofreading.
düzeltici 1. corrective. 2. proofreader. — jimnastik corrective exercises, düzelticilik proofreading, work of a proofreader.
düzeltilmek 1. to be smoothed; to be straightened. 2. to be smoothed out; to be straightened out. 3. to be straightened up, be put in order, be tidied up. 4. to be repaired, be put in running order. 5. to be corrected. 6. to be rectified. 7. to be proofread, be proofed, düzeltim 1. improvement, adjustment. 2. reform, düzeltimci 1. reformist. 2. reformer, düzeltimcilik reformism, reform as a policy, düzeltme 1. proofreading. 2. correction. 3. rectification. 4. reform, —imi/işareti circumflex, circumflex accent, düzeltmek 111 1. to smooth;, to straighten. 2. to smooth out; to straighten out. 3. to straighten , up, put (s.t./a place) in order, tidy up. 4. to repair, put (s.t.) in running order. 5. to correct. 6. to rectify. 7. to proofread, proof, düzeltmen proofreader, düzeltmenlik proofreading, work of a proofreader.
düzem chem. formula, recipe, düzemek h! chem. to prepare (a formula), düzen 1. order, orderliness; arrangement. 2. the social order, the system. 3. mus. tuning. 4. arch, order. 5. colloq. trick. 6. regime, seasonal flow pattern of a river. — açıklaması theat. stage direction (written in a script).
   —e koymak hJ to put (s.t.) in order. — kurmak 1. to lay out one’s tools and supplies ready for work. 2. to organize a way of doing something. 3. colloq. to set a trap, prepare a trick. — e sokmak 111 see düzene koymak.
   —   vermek /a/ 1. to put (s.t.) in order, straighten up. 2. to tune (a musical instrument).
düzenbağı, -m (./..) discipline, orderliness, düzenbaz cheat, trickster, düzence discipline, orderliness, düzenci trickster, cheat.
düzendeş arranged/governed/structured in the ^ same way as another, düzendeşlik having the same arrangement, form ^ of government, or structure as another, düzenek 1. plan. 2. mechanism, düzengeç phys. regulator, düzenleç phys., see düzengeç. düzenleme 1. arranging, putting things in order; arrangement. 2. preparation. 3. regulating, regulation. 4. mus. arrangement. 5. codification, codifying.
                                                                                           düzleşme
                                                         düzenlemek 111 1. to put (things) in order. 2. to arrange; to prepare. 3. to regulate. 4. mus. to arrange. 5. to codify, düzenlenmek 1. to be put in order. 2. to be arranged; to be prepared. 3. to be regulated.
   4.    mus. to be arranged. 5. to be codified, düzenleşik 1. arranged in the same or almost the same way as another. 2. phil. coordinate, düzenleştirmek 111 to make (separate things) conform to one order/system, düzenleyen 1. organizer. 2. mus. arranger, düzenleyici 1. regulator. 2. organizer, düzenleyim arrangement, arranging, düzenli 1. in order, orderly, tidy. 2. systematic, düzenlik order, peace, harmony, düzenlilik 1. orderliness, tidiness. 2. being systematic.
 düzensiz 1. out of order, untidy. 2. unsystematic.
düzensizlik 1. disorder, untidiness. 2. lack of orderly planning, düzenteker (./..) flywheel (of an engine), düzey 1. level (of s.t.). 2. rank. 3. contour line, düzeyli of good standing, düzeysiz low-quality, ordinary, commonplace, düzeysizlik inferiority.
düzgeçiş (/..) transit through a country without making needless stopovers, düzgü norm.
düzgülü normal, meeting the norm, düzgün 1. smooth. 2. well-arranged, orderly. 3. correct. 4. geom. regular. 5. smoothly, regularly. 6. formerly foundation (a cosmetic in cream form). — hareket uniform motion. — sürmek /a/ formerly to apply foundation cream to (the face), düzgüncü formerly 1. cosmetics seller. 2. woman who makes up the face of a bride, düzgünlü formerly made-up with foundation cream.
düzgünlük 1. smoothness. 2. order, regularity, düzgüsel phil. normative, düzgüsüz abnormal, not meeting the norm, düzine (./.) 1. dozen. 2. many, dozens (of), düzkanatlı (/...) zool. 1. orthopterous (insect).
   2.    (an) orthopteron, (an) orthopteran. düzkanatlılar (/....) zool. Orthoptera. düzlem geom. plane. — açı plane angle. — geometri plane geometry. — yüzey plane surface.
düzleme 1. smoothing, leveling. 2. grading (land/road). 3. milling, machining, düzlemeci 1. one who grades land. 2. operator of a milling machine, düzlemek 111 1. to smooth, flatten, level. 2. to grade (land/road). 3. to mill, machine, düzlemküre (./..) planisphere, düzlemsel geom. planar, düzlenmek 1. to be smoothed, be flattened, be leveled. 2. to become smooth/flat/level. 3. (for land/road) to be graded. 4. to be milled, be machined, düzleşme 1. becoming smooth/flat/level. 2.
düzleşmek
 256
Dz. Kuv.
   phon. unrounding, düzleşmek 1. to become smooth/flat/level. 2. to become straight. 3. phon. to become unrounded.
düzleştirmek /i/ 1. to smooth, make (s.t.) flat, make (s.t.) level. 2. to straighten. 3. phon. to unround.
düzletmek /i/ to smooth, make (s.t.) flat, make (s.t.) level.
düzlük 1. smoothness, flatness, levelness. 2. evenness, uniformity. 3. plainness, simplicity. 4. flat place, level place, plain, düzme 1. arranging, arrangement; collecting, collection. 2. false, fake; forged. 3. slang raping, rape. 4. slang *fu eking, *screwing. düzmece false, fake; forged, düzmecelik falseness, düzmeci faker, forger, cheat, düzmecilik faking, forgery, cheating, düzmek /ı/ 1. to arrange, compose; to prepare,
   bring together. 2. to invent (a story); to fake, forge. 3. slang to rape. 4. slang to *fuck, *screw.
düztaban 1. flat-footed. 2. (one) who brings bad luck. 3. rabbet plane. 4. flatfoot. düztabanlık flat-footedness, düzülmek 1. to be arranged. 2. to be made up, be faked, be forged. 3. /a/ to begin, set about, set to, embark upon. 4. slang to be raped. 5. slang to be * fucked, be ^screwed, düzün rhythm, düzünlü rhythmic, düzünsel rhythmical, rhythmic, düzyazı (/..) prose.
düzyazıcı (/...) prose writer, prosaist, prosist, proser.
düzyazısal (/...) pertaining to prose, prose.
Dy chem. Dy (dysprosium).
Dz. Kuv. (abbr. for Deniz Kuvvetleri) N., Nav. (Navy).
E
E 1. the letter E. 2. mus. E (the third note in the scale of C major or the key based on this note). — vitamini vitamin E. e 1. Well then, .../Well ...! 2. So-o-o! 3. So what? (...) —’ mi? Will you?/O.K.?: Unutma, e mi? Don’t forget, will you? Çabuk gel, e mi? Come quickly, O.K.? ebabil (.—.) zool. goatsucker, nightjar, Capri-mulgus europaeus. ebat dimensions, —mda having the dimensions of.
ebced the first of several mnemonic formulas designed to help one learn the numerical values assigned to the letters of the Arabic alphabet. — hesabı calculation of a date or other number by adding up the numerical values of Arabic letters used to indicate words in a piece of writing, ebe 1. midwife. 2. “it” (in children’s games). 3. prov. grandmother. — an prov. queen bee.
   —      iskemlesi/örekesi prov. delivery chair, —nin örekesi! vulg., see Ananın örekesi! ebebulguru, -nu (./...) pelletlike snow, ebedi (..—) eternal, endless, ebedileşmek (..—..) to become eternal, ebedileştirmek (..— ...) /ı/ to eternalize, eternize, ebedilik (..—.) eternity, endlessness, ebediyen (..— .) 1. eternally, in perpetuity. 2.
   (with negatives) never, ever, ebediyet, -ti eternity, endlessness, ebegümeci, -ni bot. mallow, Malva sylvestris. ebegiimeeigiller bot. Malvaceae. ebekuşağı, -m (./...) see ebemkuşağı, ebelemek /ı/ to tag (in children’s games). ebelik 1. midwifery. 2. being “it” (in children’s games).
ebemkuşağı, -m (./...) rainbow, ebet obs. eternity (without end), ebeveyn parents, procreators (of a person). EBK (abbr. for Et ve Balık Kurumu) State Corporation for the Production and Distribution of Meat and Fish, ebleh stupid, foolish, idiot, eblehleşmek to become stupid, ebonit, -ti ebonite.
ebru (.—) 1. marbling, marbleization (of paper). 2. marbled (paper), of different colors.
   3.  watering (of fabrics). — ebru colloq. 1. (cheeks) which are blushing in all shades of pink. 2. (s.t.) which has a moired appearance; which looks like moired silk. — kâğıdı 1. a piece of marbled paper; marbled picture/design. 2. marbled paper.
ebrucu (.—.) marbler of paper, ebrulama (.—..) marbling, marbleization (of paper).
ebrulamak (.—..) /ı/ to marble, marbleize (pa-per).
                                                       ebruli (.— —) 1. variegated (flower). 2. streaked and mottled with various colors (like marbled paper). 3. (a) picotee (flower), ebrulu (.—.) marbled (paper), ebucehilkarpuzu, -nu (.— ••"•••) bot. colocynth, bitter apple, Citrullus colocynthis.
Ebussuut Efendinin torunu colloq. very strict Muslim.
ebülyoskop, -pu ebulliometer; ebullioscope. ecdat ancestors, progenitors, ece queen.
ecel the time at which a person is fated to die, one’s appointed time, —den aman olursa colloq. if I live long enough. — beşiği colloq. 1. cradle; boatswain’s chair. 2. deathtrap, unsafe conveyance. 3. dangerous crossing/ pass. — e çare bulunmaz, proverb, see Ölüme çare bulunmaz. — geldi cihana, baş ağrısı bahane, proverb (Death has entered the world; a headache is only an excuse.) Death comes in innumerable ways, but its coming is inevitable. — i gelen köpek cami duvarına siyer, proverb (A dog whose time to die has come urinates against the mosque wall.) A person who provokes or insults others is asking for trouble. — i gelmek for one’s time to come, for the appointed hour of one’s death to be at hand, —iyle ölmek to die a natural death, —ine susamak colloq. to court death. — teri dökmek colloq. to fear for one’s life, ecinni colloq. jinn, jinni, jinnee, —ler top oynuyor. /da/ colloq. (The jinn are playing ball.) The place is completely deserted, ‘ecir, -cri 1. remuneration, pay, wage, recompense. 2. God’s reward for a good deed.
    —  sabır dilemek /a/ to offer one’s condolences to.
2ecir (.—) obs. day laborer, eciş bücüş (./ ..) colloq. out of shape, crooked, distorted. — yazı scrawl, bad handwriting, ecnebi (..—) 1. stranger, foreigner, alien. 2. foreign.
ecz. 1. (abbr. for eczacı) pharm. (pharmacist).
    2. (abbr. for eczane) phar. (pharmacy), ecza (.—) 1. drugs, medicines. 2. obs. components. 3. obs. compound, preparation. 4. obs. subdivisions. 5. obs. the unbound parts of a
 eczacı                                              258
    book. — dolabı small first-aid cupboard, eczacı         druggist, pharmacist, Brit, chem-
    ist. — kalfası helper in a drugstore, eczacılık (.— ..) 1. pharmacy; pharmaceutics.
    2. being a druggist.
eczahane (.------.) obs., see eczane.
eczalı (.—.) prepared with chemicals, containing chemicals. — pamuk sterile cotton, eczane (.—.) drugstore, pharmacy, Brit, chemist’s shop, chemist’s.
*eda (.—) 1. manner, air. 2. flirtatious airs, coquetry. 3. style, way of speaking/writing.
2eda (.—) 1. paying (a debt). 2. performing (a duty). — etmek hi 1. to pay (a debt). 2. to perform (a duty), edalı (.—.) 1. (s.o.) who has (a specified) air.
    2. flirtatious, coquettish. 3. (woman) who has a pleasing style, who has style, edat, -tı gram. 1. postposition, postpositive, postposed word/particle. 2. preposition, prepositive, preposed word/particle. 3. particle, ede prov. elder brother, edebi (..—) literary.
edebiyat, -ti literature. E— Fakültesi the College of Literature, Arts, and Social Sciences (in Istanbul University). — yapmak colloq. to talk/write bombastically, talk/write in purple prose.
edebiyatçı colloq. 1. teacher of literature. 2. author, litterateur, man of letters; woman of letters.
edememek 1. not to be able to do without, not to be able to live without: Tenis oynamadan edemez. He can’t live without playing tennis. 2. /la/ not to be able to get along with: Bilge ile edemez. She can’t get along with Bilge.
edep good breeding, good manners, politeness.
    —i edepsizden öğren, proverb Learn good manners by observing someone who is ill -mannered. — erkân the rules of good manners, etiquette, the polite way (to do s.t.).
    —i kelam euphemism. — tir söylemesi, colloq. Excuse the expression, —ini takm! colloq. Behave yourself!/Mind your manners!/ Where are your manners? — yahu! colloq. Shame on you! — yeri private parts (of a person). — yolu toilet, edeplenmek to acquire good manners; to become polite, edepli well-behaved, well-mannered, polite. — edepli politely, edepsiz ill-mannered, impolite, ill-bred, rude, edepsizce (../.) rudely, impolitely, edepsizleşmek to become rude, become ill-man-nered; to forget one’s manners, edepsizlik rudeness, impoliteness, eder price. — çizelgesi price list, ederlik price list.
edevat, -ti tools, implements, instruments, edi performance. — yitimi apraxia.
Edi ile Büdü (Şakire Dudu) colloq. just two lovable old people living together.
                                                                                                         efendi
edik prov. 1. soft boot worn indoors. 2. low boot.
edilgen gram, passive (verb). — çatı passive form. — eylem/fiil 1. passive verb. 2. impersonal passive verb, edilgenlik gram, passivity, edilgi phil. 1. external cause. 2. result, edilgin passive.
edilmek 1. auxiliary verb to be done, be made.
    2. /dan/ to be deprived of. edim 1. act, action. 2. fulfillment, final form, realization. 3. mus. performance, rendition.
    4.    payment, edimsel phil. actual, effective, edimsizlik apraxia. edinç acquirements; attainments, edinilmek to be gotten, be acquired, be obtained, be attained, edinilmiş acquired, edinim see edinme.
edinme acquiring, acquisition, obtaining, edinmek hi to get, acquire, obtain, attain, edinsel acquired.
edinti acquired thing, acquired characteristic, edintisel acquired (characteristic), edip author, litterateur, man of letters; woman of letters.
Edirne (./.) Edirne (the former Adrianople). edisyon edition. — kritik lit. critical edition, editör 1. publisher. 2. editor, editörlük 1. the work of a publisher, publishing; being a publisher. 2. editorship; being an editor.
                                                               edna (.—) obs. 1. very base, very inferior. 2. very lowly. 3. very short, very brief. 4. the vilest of, the worst sort of. edvar (.—) obs. 1. periods, ages. 2. commentary on the rules of classical Turkish music.
    —     musikisi classical Turkish music, efdal, -li obs. superior; preferable, efe 1. swashbuckling village blade (of southwest Anatolia). 2. prov. elder brother. 3. colloq. tough guy, roughneck, efekt, -ti special effect (used in theatrical, radio, television, or motion-picture productions), efektif banking cash, ready money, efelek bot. patience dock, Rumex patientia. efelenmek colloq. to become defiant, get surly, efelik colloq. 1. bravado; being a swashbuckler. 2. being a roughneck. — etmek/yapmak to play the swashbuckler, efemine effeminate, womanish, efendi (./.) 1. gentleman. 2. well-bred, polite, courteous (person); polite and dignified (person). 3. title used with either the names or the positions of men whose socioeconomic status is relatively humble, e.g. doormen, grocers, domestic servants, gardeners, taxi -drivers. 4. husband (when referred to by his wife): Bizim efendi hiç geç kalmaz. My husband is never late. 5. master (of a servant/a slave): Efendiniz nerede? Where is your master? 6. hodja, khd$4, Muslim religious
efendice
   leader or teacher. 1. Ott. hist., title used after the names of Ottoman princes, members of the clergy, certain government officials and army officers, students, and literate people in general. 8. Ott. hist, effendi, anyone who bears the title of efendi. E—m! Yes!/Sir!/ Madam !/Ma’ am !/Miss! (used as a reply to s.o. who has called one’s name and as a substitute for “Hello!” when answering the telephone). E—m? I beg your pardon !/Sorry!/ Can you repeat that, please! —m 1. sir/ madam/ma’am/miss: Başka bir arzunuz var mı, efendim? Would you like anything else, sir? Evet efendim! Yes ma’am! 2. see efendime söyleyeyim. E—miz 1. Our Master, Our Lord (referring to the Prophet Muhammad, Jesus Christ, or any great spiritual leader). 2. Ott. hist. His Majesty, His Highness (referring to the sultan). — baba obs. father (a polite way for a child to address hislher father or for a daughter-in-law to address her father-in-law). —den bir adam colloq. a gentleman. — efendi colloq. in a gentlemanly manner, in a way befitting a gentleman; in a polite and dignified manner.
   —  gibi yaşamak colloq. to live like a gentleman. —ler götürsün! colloq. The devil take him/her/them! — m nerede, ben nerede? joc. My dear fellow/lady, you completely misunderstand me. —me söyleyeyim er, let me see, let’s see {said when pausing in order to think): Bahçemizde sardunya, karanfil, akşamsefası, aslanağzı, efendime söyleyeyim, çingülü, gülhatmi ve güller var. In our garden we’ve got geraniums, carnations, four-o’clocks, snapdragons—let me see— hibiscuses, hollyhocks, and roses.
efendice (./..) 1. gentlemanly (action). 2. fairly polite, reasonably well-behaved (person); reasonably polite and dignified (person). 3. in a gentlemanly way; in a polite and dignified way.
efendilik (./..) 1. gentlemanliness, gentlemanly behavior; polite and dignified behavior. 2. the status of a gentleman. 3. being a gentleman.
   4. magnanimity; magnanimous act. 5. mastership, mastery, authority, control. 6. the status of a hodja. 7. being a hodja; behavior characteristic of a hodja. 8. Ott. hist, the status of an effendi. 9. Ott. hist, being an effendi; behavior characteristic of an effendi.
   —  bende kalsm. colloq. I don’t want to be guilty of behaving rudely. I wish to be known as a gentleman/a lady: Efendilik bende kalsm diye ona aynı şekilde cevap vermedim. As I wish to be known as a gentleman I didn’t reply to him in kind. — etmek /a/ to behave magnanimously towards.
efervesan effervescent (medicme).
Efes (/.) 1. Ephesus. 2. Ephesian, of Ephesus.
Efesli (/..) 1. (an) Ephesian. 2. Ephesian (person).
efil efil (./ ..) prov. (blowing/waving) gently,
                                                                                     egzibisyonizm
   softly, lightly. — esmek to blow gently. — etmek to. wave gently, blow lightly, efkâr 1. thoughts, ideas; intentions. 2. colloq. melancholy. — basmak colloq. to feel down, for one’s spirits to be low. — dağıtmak colloq. to cheer o.s. up, lift one’s spirits. — etmek colloq., see efkâr basmak, efkârıumumiye (.—..—..) public opinion, efkârlanmak colloq. to feel down, for one’s spirits to be low. efkârlı colloq. down, low-spirited, downcast, melancholy.
Eflak, -ki (/.) 1. Wallachia, Walachia. 2. (a) Vlack. 3. Wallachian, of Wallachia. 4. Vlack, of the Vlacks.
Eflakli (/..) 1. (a) Wallachian. 2. Wallachian (person).
Eflatun (.—.) Plato (the ancient Greek philosopher), eflatun (.—.) light purple, eflatuni (.— — —) colored light purple, light purple.
efor effort, energy. — harcamak to expend energy (in pursuit of a specified end), efrat 1. individuals. 2. mil. private soldiers; recruits. —mı cami, ağyarını mâni obs. concise, (statement) which is to the point, efriz see friz, efsane (.—.) legend, tale, efsaneleşmek (.— ...) to become legendary, efsaneleştirilmek (.— .....) to be made legendary, efsaneleştirmek (.— ....) /ı/ to make (s.o./s.t.)
   legendary, efsanevi (.— .—) legendary, efsun charm, spell, enchantment, eftamintokofti slang lie, whopper, eften püften (./ ..) colloq. flimsy, rickety, insubstantial, egavlamak h! slang to get, take hold of.
                                                          Ege 1. the Aegean, the Aegean Sea. 2. West Anatolian littoral. 3. Aegean, of the Aegean.
   —     Denizi the Aegean Sea. ege guardian (of a child), egemen sovereign, dominant, preeminent, egemenlik sovereignty, dominance, preeminence, ego ego.
egoist, -ti egoist, egoistlik egoism, egoizm see egoistlik, egosantrizm egocentricity. egotizm egotism, egzama (./.) path, eczema, egzark, -ki exarch.
egzarkhane (..—.) exarchate, residence of an exarch.
                                                          egzersiz 1. (bodily/mental) exercise. 2. exercises. 3. practice, exercise. — yapmak 1. to exercise (bodily/mentally). 2. to do one’s exercises. 3. to practice, egzibisyonist, -ti psych. 1. (an) exhibitionist.
   2.    exhibitionist, exhibitionistic. egzibisyonizm psych, exhibitionism.
egzistansiyalist
260
eğmek
egzistansiyalist, -ti phil. 1. (an) existentialist.
    2.     existentialist, existentialistic. egzistansiyalizm phil. existentialism, egzogami exogamy, egzomorfizm exomorphism, egzotik exotic.
egzoz mech. exhaust. — borusu exhaust pipe.
    —      kolektörü exhaust manifold. — supabı escape valve, egzozcu repairer of exhaust pipes and mufflers, eğdirmek h! to bend, make crooked.
‘eğe (steel) file. — vurmak /a/ to file (with a file).
2eğe anat. rib. —ler arası intercostal. — kemiği rib.
eğelemek /ı/ to file (with a file), eğer if.
eğiç prov. hooked stick for picking fruit, eğik 1. bent down. 2. inclined, sloping down, slanted. 3. geom. oblique. — biçme geom. oblique prism. — silindir geom. oblique cylinder, eğiklik inclination, obliquity, eğilim tendency; inclination, bent, eğilimli /a/ (s.o./s.t.) who/which tends to/ towards; (s.o.) who has an inclination/bent for.
eğilme 1. being bent/curved. 2. math, inclination. 3. magnetic dip, inclination, eğilmek 1. to be bent; to be curved. 2. (for s.t.) to bend forward, lean forward, stoop; /a/ to bend, lean (in a specified direction). 3. to submit, bow. 4. /a/ to concern o.s. with. Eğilen baş kesilmez, proverb The head that bows down does not get cut off. eğilip bükülmek colloq. 1. to fidget; to squirm; to shift about. 2. to bow and scrape and rub one’s hands together (fawningly). eğim 1. slope; slant; incline. 2. grade, gradient.
    3.     geom. inclination. 4. slope, side of a hill, eğimli 1. sloping; slanted; inclined. 2. /a/ (s.o.)
    who has an inclination/a bent for. eğimölçer (./..) clinometer, eğin, -ğni prov. 1. back, shoulders. 2. body. 3. stature (of a person), —ine binmek /in/ to bully.
eğinik 1. leaning. 2. /a/ having a bent for, inclined to. eğinim psych, inclination, eğinmek /a/ to have an inclination for; to be inclined to. eğinti prov. filings.
eğir bot. 1. sweet flag, Acorus cdlamus. 2. orris, Iris florentina. — kökü orrisroot. eğirici 1. spinner. 2. spinning, eğirmek /ı/ to spin, eğirmen spindle, distaff, eğirtmeç prov. spindle; spinning wheel, eğirtmek /ı, a/ to have/let (s.o.) spin (s.t.). eğitbilim (..'..) pedagogy, pedagogics, eğitbilimci (./...) educator, educationist, educationalist, pedagogist. eğitbilimsel (./...) pedagogic, pedagogical.
eğitici 1. educator of children; tutor; governess. 2. animal trainer. 3. educational, educative.
eğitilmek 1. to be trained, be given training.
    2.    to be educated, eğitim 1. education. 2. training. 3. pedagogy, pedagogics. — enstitüsü hist, normal school (which trained people to be junior-high and high-school teachers), eğitimci educator, educationist, educationalist, pedagogist. eğitimcilik pedagogy, education, eğitimli 1. educated. 2. trained, eğitimsel educational, pedagogical, eğitimsiz 1. uneducated. 2. untrained, eğitimsizlik 1. lack of education. 2. lack of training, eğitme 1. training. 2. education, eğitmek /ı/ 1. to train. 2. to educate, eğitmen 1. hist, village teacher (trained in a köy enstitüsü). 2. educator of children. 3. educator; instructor, eğitsel educational, pedagogical, eğlek prov. 1. residence, home. 2. lodging for the night, lodgment, accommodations. 3. shady spot in a pasture, eğlemek hi prov. 1. to delay, detain. 2. to distract; to amuse, eğlence 1. entertainment, fun, amusement. 2. something that entertains/amuses, (an) entertainment. 3. party, entertainment. 4. colloq. easy task, a piece of cake, eğlenceli entertaining, amusing, eğlencelik tidbits, munchies (e.g. nuts, chocolate).
eğlendiri humor, humorous talk/writing, eğlendirici entertaining, amusing, eğlendirilmek to be entertained, be amused, eğlendirmek hi to entertain, amuse, eğleni humor, humorous talk/writing, eğlenilmek impersonal passive 1. to have fun, enjoy o.s., have a good time. 2. /la/ to make fun of, joke with. 3. /da/ prov. to stop in, stop over in, break one’s journey in (a place).
    4.    prov. to wait, eğlenme 1. having a good time, having fun, enjoying o.s. 2. /la/ making fun of, joking with (s.o.). 3. /da/ prov. staying (in); loafing around (in). 4. prov. playing around, delaying
    o.s.
eğlenmek 1. to have fun, enjoy o.s., have a good time. 2. /la/ to make fun of, joke with. 3. /da/ prov. to stop in, stop over in, break one’s journey in (a place). 4. prov. to wait, eğlenti party, entertainment; revel, eğleşik /da/ prov. 1. (s.o.) who lives/dwells in (a place). 2. (s.o.) who dwells (in) (a place), eğleşmek /da/ prov. 1. to live in, dwell in. 2. to dawdle (in), eğmeç arc, curve, eğmeçli arced, curved.
eğmek 1. /ı, a/ to lean/tilt/bend (s.t.) (in a specified direction). 2. /i, a/ to turn (one’s
eğrelti
   eyes) to. 3. hi to bend. 4. hi colloq. to bring (s.o.) round, persuade, eğrelti bot., see eğreltiotu. eğreltiotu, -nu (../..) bot. (any) fern, eğreltiotugiller (../....) bot. Filicineae. eğreti 1. borrowed. 2. temporary; makeshift.
   3.    fake, false, artificial, imitation. 4. removable. 5. loose, insecurely fixed, insecure, —den colloq. temporarily. — almak hi to borrow, —ye almak hi to prop up the upper part of (a building) (while repairing the lower part). — ata binen tez iner, proverb (He/ She who rides a borrowed horse must soon dismount.) Something temporary is not as good as something lasting. — durmak colloq. I. (for s.t.) to be askew; to sit askew. 2. /da/ to be in (a place) temporarily. 3. (for s.t.) to look fake, look false. — kuyruk tez kopar, proverb (A false tail is easily lost.) Not doing something properly can lead to disastrous results. — oturmak colloq. to sit on the edge of something (as if about to get up). — vermek hi colloq. to lend, eğretileme lit. metaphor, eğretilik temporariness; makeshift, making shift, eğri 1. bent; crooked; curved, curving. 2. (s.t.) which is leaning to one side, leaning. 3. colloq. untrustworthy, unreliable. 4. geom. curve. 5. curve, graph, line representing something graphically. — bakmak /a/ colloq. to look at (s.o.) malevolently, look at (s.o.) with malevolence in one’s eyes. — büğrü colloq. 1. very crooked, tortuous. 2. bent and twisted. 3. scrawly (handwriting).
   —   çehre colloq., see eğri yüz. —si doğrusuna gelmek colloq. for an affair that didn’t promise success to turn out well. — düzü beğenmez, bu da bizi beğenmez, proverb (The crooked does not like the straight, and this person doesn’t like us.) He/She doesn’t like me because he’s/she’s done something wrong and I haven’t. — gemi, doğru sefer. colloq. (A crooked ship but a straight voyage.) The equipment may leave a lot to be desired but I’ll get the job done. — gözle bakmak /a/ colloq., see eğri bakmak. — söz colloq. slander. — de tok, doğruda aç görülmez, proverb (The crooked way never brings good results, but the right way never fails.) Only those who are upright are successful. — yüz colloq. grumpy face, sour face.
Eğriboz (./.) Euboea.
eğrice 1. rather bent/crooked. 2. prov. Achilles tendon. 3. prov., zool. a gadfly, eğrilce prov. 1. path, rickets, rachitis. 2. zool. a ^ gadfly, eğrili geom. curvilinear, eğrilik 1. crookedness; warp. 2. curvature, eğrilmek to bend, be bent, warp, be warped, eğriltmek hi to bend, warp, eğrim whirlpool, eğritmek hi see eğriltmek.
                                                                                             ehvenişer
eğsi prov. long stick charred at one end (used as a poker), eğsinim psych, strong inclination, eh 1. (indicating halfhearted acceptance) All right then ./Well, if you say so ...: Eh, gidelim artık. Well, if you say so, let’s go. 2. colloq. (indicating impatience) That’s enough: Eh, anladık artık. You’ve said enough; we understand it now.
-e hali, -ni gram, the dative, the dative case, ehemmiyet, -ti importance. — vermek /a/ to take (s.t./s.o.) seriously, ehemmiyetli important, ehemmiyetsiz unimportant, ehil, -hli 1. Iml a master of, an expert at, an adept at/in (a job/a craft/a profession): O, bu işin ehli. He’s an expert at this. 2. capable, qualified. 3. obs. possessor of: servet ehli bir adam a wealthy man. 4. obs. people, community. 5. obs. spouse, ehli (.—) tame, tamed, domestic, domesticated (animal).
ehlibeyt, -ti (/..) Islam the family of the Prophet Muhammad, ehlidil (/..) obs. 1. tolerant, broad-minded. 2.
    spiritual, spiritually-minded, ehlihibre (/...) obs. (an) authority, (an) expert, ehlikeyf (/..) 1. pleasure-loving person. 2.
    pleasure-loving, ehlikitap (/...) Islam the People of the Book (a term used in the Koran to refer to Jews and Christians), ehlileşmek (.— ..) to become tame, ehlileştirmek (.—...) h! to tame, ehlilik (.—.) tameness, ehlisalip (/..—) hist, the Crusaders, ehlisünnet, -ti (/...) Islam 1. Sunni Muslims, the Sunnis. 2. (a) Sunni Muslim, (a) Sunni.
    3.    Sunni (Muslim), ehlişia (/.—.) Islam 1. the Shi’a, the Shi’is, the Shi’ites. 2. (a) Shi’i, (a) Shi’ite. ehlivukuf (/...) obs. (an) authority, (an) expert, ehliyet, -ti 1. competence, competency, fitness.
    2. driver’s license. — smavi qualifying test, ehliyetli 1. competent; legally competent. 2. (s.o.) who possesses a driver’s license. 3. licensed.
ehliyetname (...— .) 1. driver’s license. 2. certificate of competence, ehliyetsiz 1. incompetent; legally incompetent.
    2.    (s.o.) who does not have a driver’s license. 3. unlicensed, ehliyetsizlik 1. incompetence. 2. not having a driver’s license. 3. not having a license, ehram obs. pyramid.
ehven 1. cheap, inexpensive. 2. the better (of two poor alternatives); the lesser (of two evils). — kurtulmak /dan/ colloq. to escape from (a tight/dangerous situation) with little or no harm; to get off lightly. — şartlarla (buying/selling s.t.) on reasonable terms, ehvenişer obs. (a) lesser evil; the lesser of two evils.
ejder
 262
‘ekmek
ejder see ejderha.
ejderha (..—) 1. dragon. 2. large snake. — gibi colloq. 1. big and terrifying. 2. dragon-like, ejektör jet pump, ejector, ek, -ki 1. supplement; appendix. 2. gram, affix; prefix; infix; suffix. 3. anat. appendage. 4. joint (of a pipe). 5. extra, additional, supplementary. —ini belli etmemek colloq. 1. not to show any sign of it, not to show it, keep it hidden, keep it under wraps. 2. not to raise anyone’s suspicions. — bent olmak colloq. to be dumbfounded. — bileziği coupling, socket. — dolaş olmak /a/ colloq. to bother, pester. — karakter tuşu comp. Alt key, alternate key. — kök bot. adventitious root. — mercek phot, supplementary lens, —ten piikten colloq. made from odds and ends, made from scraps, —ten piikten, deli kıza (sarı kıza, öksüze) kaftan colloq. 1. a piece of clothing made by patching together scraps. 2. anything made from odds and ends.
   —   tekeri flange joint. — ücret surcharge, an additional charge. — vergi surcharge, an additional tax. — yeri seam; joint.
ekâbir (.—.) important people; VIP’s, big shots; big wheels.
ekalliyet, -ti obs. minority. — te kalmak to be in the minority, ekanimiselase (.— —..—.) Christ, the Trinity, the three persons of the Trinity, ekarte used in: — etmek /ı/ to eliminate, remove.
ekbağırsak (.'...) anat. vermiform appendix, appendix. — çıkarımı surg. appendectomy.
    —     yangısı path, appendicitis, ekelemek /i, a/ prov. to sprinkle (s.t.) on. ekenek prov. 1. land that is ready to be sown.
    2.    arable land; field, eker mechanical sower, drill, ekeylem (/..) Turk. gram, the copulative verb “to be” when suffixed to a predicate noun or adjective, ekfiil (/..) Turk, gram., see ekeylem. ekici 1. grower (of a specified crop). 2. sower, person who sows seed, ekili sown.
ekilmek 1. to be sown. 2. /a/ (for salt, powdered sugar, etc.) to be sprinkled. 3. slang to be given the slip (by s.o.). ekim 1. (a) sowing, (a) planting. 2. October.
    —     ayı October. — biçim farming, ekimlik plantation.
ekin 1. (a) crop (while it is still in the field). 2. culture (i.e. the products of human thought).
   —   bağı (a) sheaf (of grain). — biçmek to reap, harvest. — iti gibi colloq. stuck-up, haughty. — vakti seedtime.
ekinbiti, -ni (./..) zool., see buğdaybiti. ekinci farmer, tiller of the soil, ekinç culture (i.e. products of human thought), ekinçsel cultural.
ekinkargasi, -m (./...) zool. rook, Corvus fru-gilegus.
ekinli cultured.
ekinokok, -ku zool. hydatid worm, Echino-coccus granulosus. ekinoks astr. equinox, ekinsel cultural.
ekinsiz devoid of culture, uncultured.
ekinsizlik lack of culture.
ekip 1. team, gang, crew. 2. company, troop;
   troupe, ekipman equipment, ekişlemci (/...) comp, coprocessor, eklektik 1. (an) eclectic. 2. eclectic, eklektizm eclecticism.
eklem 1. anat. joint, articulation. 2. joint; seam.
    —  ağrısı path, arthralgia. — bağı anat. in-terarticular cartilage. — çevre yangısı path. periarthritis. — kaynaşımı path, ankylosis.
    —  onanmi surg. arthroplasty. — yangısı path, arthritis.
eklembacaklılar (./....) zool. Arthropoda. ekleme 1. /ı/ adding, addition, appending, tacking (s.t.) to. 2. added, appended. — dişi bricklaying tooth, (a) projecting stretcher, Brit, toother, eklemek 1. /ı, a/ to add/append/affix/tack (one thing) to (another). 2. /i/ to increase the size of, enlarge; to lengthen; to widen. 3. hi to pool, consolidate (resources); to join, unite, eklemeli ling, agglutinative. — diller agglutinative languages, eklemeotu, -nu (../..) bot. horsetail, Equisetum arvense.
eklemleme jointing, articulation, eklemlemek /i/ to joint, articulate, unite (two things) by means of a joint, eklemlenmek to be jointed, be articulated, eklemli jointed, articulated, eklemsel articular.
eklenmek 1. /a/ to be added (to), be appended (to), be affixed (to), be tacked (to). 2. to be enlarged; to be lengthened; to be widened.
   3.     to be pooled; to be joined, be united, eklenti 1. addition, appendage. 2. annex, addition (to a building). 3. accessory (of a machine).
ekleşmek gram, to become an affix, ekleştirmek 1. /ı, a/ to deal (s.o.) (a blow). 2. Ill gram, to cause (a word) to become an affix.
ekletmek 1. /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) added (to), appended (to), or tacked (to). 2. /a, 1/ to have (s.o.) enlarge (s.t.); to have (s.o.) lengthen (s.t.); to have (s.o.) widen (s.t.). ekli 1. /a/ added to; appended to; affixed to; tacked to. 2. (s.t.) which contains a supplement/an appendix/an affix/an appendage.
    —  piiklii colloq. (s.t.) made from odds and ends, made from scraps.
eklimetre (../.) clinometer.
‘ekmek 1. bread. 2. food; subsistence. 3. livelihood; job. — aslanın ağzında .proverb (The bread is in the lion’s mouth.) It is hard to make a living, —ini ayağıyla tepmek colloq.
^kmek
   to lose a good job or a good opportunity through one’s own fault. — Bedir’in, su Hidir’m, yiyin kudurun, için kudurun.
   colloq. (The bread is Bedir’s, eat it and go mad; the water is Hidir’s, drink it and go mad.) You are always living off others. — i bütün olmak prov. to have enough for one’s needs and be obliged to no one. —in büyüğü, hamurun/unun çoğundan olur, proverb (When a loaf of bread is big, it is because there was extra dough.) High productivity depends on abundant supplies. — çafpsm! colloq. (May bread strike me if I don’t speak the truth.) I swear it’s so! —ini çıkarmak colloq. to earn enough to get along. — çiğnemeden yutulmaz, proverb (You have to chew the bread to swallow it.) You don’t get anything without exerting some effort. — i dizinde colloq. ungrateful. — düşmanı colloq. one’s wife and children, —ini ekmekçiye ver, bir ekmek de üste ver (yarısını yerse helal olsun), proverb (Give your bread to the baker to bake, and include one loaf as his fee.) Use experts, even if they are expensive. —eel basmak colloq. to swear solemnly, swear a solemn oath. — elden, su gölden colloq. living the life of Riley on what someone else has earned, —ini eline almak colloq. to have a job that pays enough to live on. —inden etmek /ı/ colloq. to fire (s.o.).
   —  gibi (aziz) as essential and valuable as daily bread, —ine göz koymak/dikmek Iml colloq, to covet (s.o.’s) job. — içi (the soft bread that forms) the inside of a loaf of bread, —ini it yer, yakasını bit. colloq. (The dog eats his/her bread, the louse eats his/her collar.) He/She has money but others use it up. — kabuğu crust of a loaf of bread. — kadayıfı see ekmekkadayıfı. —ine kan doğramak Iml colloq. to make (s.o.) suffer terribly, —ini kana doğramak colloq. to suffer terribly. — kapısı colloq. the place where one earns one’s living. — karnesi formerly ration card for bread, —ten kaşık olur ama her yoğurdun hakkına değil, proverb (You can use bread for a spoon, but it won’t work for all kinds of yogurt.) Some projects can be accomplished with insufficient means, but some are more difficult. — kavgası colloq. the struggle to earn a living, —ini kazanmak colloq. to earn one’s living, earn one’s daily bread, —ine koç colloq. very hospitable, —ine kuru, ayranına duru mu dedik? colloq. (Have I called your bread dry or your buttermilk watery?) Have I insulted you in some way? — küfü penicillium. —ine mâni olmak /in/ colloq. to prevent (s.o.) from earning his/her living. — narhı fixed price of bread, —inden olmak colloq. to lose one’s job. —iyle oynamak Iml to threaten (s.o.’s) livelihood. —le oynayanın ekmeğiyle oynanır, proverb A person who threatens another’s livelihood will have his/her liveli-
                                                                                         ekonometri
   hood threatened as well. — parası colloq. one’s livelihood; enough money to get by.
   —      somunu a loaf of bread, —ini taştan çıkarmak colloq. to make a living the hard way, struggle to make a living. — tatlısı a dessert of bread soaked in syrup. — ufağı bread crumb, —ine yağ sürmek Iml colloq. to help (s.o.> inadvertently, —ine yavuz colloq., see ekmeğine koç. —ini yemek Iml colloq. to gain one’s livelihood from (s.o.). —ine yiğit colloq., see ekmeğine koç. 2ekmek 1. hi to sow, plant. 2. /i, a/ to sprinkle (salt, sugar, powder, etc.) on. 3. hi slang to stand (s.o.) up, deliberately to fail to meet (s.o.). 4. hi slang to get away from (s.o.) (with a pretense). 5. hi slang to blow, waste, throw (money) away. 6. hi slang to pass, overtake, leave (s.o./s.t.) behind, outdistance.
   7. /i, a/ slang to land, give (s.o.) (a sock/a blow). 8. hi slang to stop having anything to do with (s.o.). 9. hi slang to lose (s.t.). Eken biçer, konan göçer, proverb (He/She who sows, will reap, and he/she who stops for the night will travel on in the morning.)
   1. You get out of a thing whatever you have put into it. 2. You reap what you sow. ekip biçmek to farm. Ekmeden biçilmez, proverb (Without sowing there is no harvest.) Rewards are the fruits of the labor that’s been expended to achieve them. Ekmediğin yerde biter, colloq. (It grows where you haven’t sown it.) He/She keeps turning up everywhere (said of a pestiferous person), ektiğini biçmek colloq. to reap what one has sown. Ek tohumun hasını, çekme yiyecek yasını, proverb Plant the best seed so that you won’t suffer for lack of food.
ekmekağacı, -ni (./...) bot. breadfruit tree, bread tree, Artocarpus altilis. ekmekayvasi, -m (./...) a large, firm, and juicy quince.
ekmekçi 1. baker/seller of bread. 2. bread bakery, the baker’s. — küreği gibi dili var. colloq. (He/She has a tongue as long as a baker’s shovel.) He/She talks endlessly ./He’s/ She’s a real magpie, ekmekçilik baking, being a baker/a seller of bread.
ekmekkadayıfı, -ni (./....) a dessert of baked bread dough soaked in sugar syrup, ekmeklik 1. (flour) suitable for making bread.
   2. bread box. 3. gambler's slang someone who is easy game, an easy mark, come-on.
ekmeksiz 1. breadless. 2. (s.o.) who has nothing to eat. 3. without bread, eko (/.) echo.
ekol, -lü school (of thought, artists, etc.): Flaman ekolü the Flemish school, ekolali echolalia. ekoloji ecology.
ekolojik ecological, ecologic. — tür ecospecies. ekolojist, -ti ecologist, ekonometri (.../.) econometrics.
ekonomi                                             264
ekonomi 1. economy, economic structure/system. 2. economy, thrift. 3. economics. — ilmi economics. — politik political economy. — yapmak to economize, practice economy, ekonomik 1. economic, pertaining to economics. 2. economical; productive of saving; sparing in quantity. — birlik economic union. — bunalım see ekonomik kriz. — büyüme economic growth. — davranmak to economize, practice thrift, be economical.
   —   gelişme 1. economic development. 2. economic growth. — göstergeler economic indicators. — kalkınma economic development.
   —      kriz econ. depression, slump, ekonomist, -ti economist, ekonomizm economism. ekopraksi echopraxia.
ekose 1. plaid; tartan. 2. plaid; tartan; woven with a plaid or tartan pattern, ekosistem (./..) ecosystem, ekoylum (/..) arch, supporting semidome, ekran 1. screen (on which slides, movies, television transmissions, computerized information, etc. are projected). 2. comp, monitor. — formati comp, screen format, eksantrik 1. eccentric; (s.t.) which does not have the same center as another; (s.t.) which deviates from a center or which is not located at a geometrical center. 2. eccentric, unconventional, unorthodox, unusual. — mili camshaft, ekselans Excellency.
eksen 1. axis. 2. prov. axle of a two-wheeled oxcart. 3. axle. — iskeleti anat. axial skeleton.
ekser large nail, spike. — kesmek to make nails.
ekseri (/..) 1. most. 2. mostly, usually, ekseriya (/..—) usually, mostly, for the most part.
ekseriyet, -ti majority. — le generally, usually, mostly.
eksi math, minus; negative. — sayı negative number, eksibe obs. sand dune.
eksik 1. (s.t.) which has something missing/ lacking, deficient, incomplete. 2. defective.
   3.  /dan/ missing, absent: Sımftan iki kişi eksikti. Two people were absent from the class. 4. lack; deficiency, shortage; what is missing. 5. shortcoming, defect. — çıkmak (for s.t.) to fall short of the number or amount required, turn out to be short. — doğmak to be born prematurely. — doldurmak colloq. (for s.o ./s.t. who/which is taken on) merely to fill the gap. — etek prov., pej. woman, (a) skirt. — etmemek hi colloq. not to be without. — gedik colloq. small wants, trivial deficiencies. — i gediği olmamak colloq. 1. to be perfect in every way. 2. not to lack for anything whatsoever.
   —   gelmek colloq. (for s.t.) to fall short, be deficient. — olma! colloq. Thank you. —
                                                                                                           ekşi
    olmamak 1. (for s.t.) not to be lacking, not to be missing. 2. (for s.o.) not to be absent.
    —  olmasm. colloq. God bless him/her. — olsun! colloq. 1. I don’t want (him/her/it) around! 2. May he/she drop dead!/I hope he/ she croaks! — olma bayır turpu gibi! colloq. 1. You haven’t taken me in ./You haven’t fooled me. 2. May that good person never trouble us! —ini (gediğini) tamamlamak /m/ colloq. to complete what is missing in (s.t.).
                                                              eksikli prov. 1. (s.o.) who is in need of (s.t.). 2.
    pej. woman, (a) skirt, eksiklik 1. lack; deficiency, shortage. 2. absence.
    3.    shortcoming, defect, eksiksiz 1. complete, perfect, free of deficiency. 2. perfect, free of defects/faults. 3. every bit of (s.t.): Elli milyon lirayı eksiksiz harcadı. He spent every bit of the fifty million liras.
    —     küme math, complete set. eksilen math, minuend.
eksilme 1. decrease, decreasing, becoming less, diminution, diminishing; not being as much/ many (as before). 2. math, (a) decrease, eksilmek 1. to decrease, become less, diminish; not to be as much/many (as before). 2. /dan/ to be without, lack. 3. /dan/ to be absent from.
eksiltme 1. decrease, decreasing, making less, diminution, diminishing. 2. competitive bidding (won by offering the lowest price for a work); underbidding, underbid, —ye çıkarılmak (for a work) to be put up to tender, eksiltmek hi to decrease, lessen, diminish, eksin 1. (physically) disabled. 2. phys., chem. anion.
eksinlik (physical) disability; being disabled, disablement, eksiuç (./.) 1. cathode. 2. negative pole, eksiz 1. without a supplement. 2. gram, without an affix/a prefix/an infix/a suffix. 3. seamless, of one piece, ekskavatör excavator; steam shovel, eksper consultative authority, expert, eksperlik expertise, expertism, being an expert, ekspertiz 1. expertise, expert opinion. 2. expert’s survey/report, ekspres 1. express (train, boat, mail, etc.). 2. (an) express. — yol superhighway, expressway.
ekspresyonist, -ti expressionist, ekspresyonizm expressionism, ekstra (/.) 1. high-quality, extra. 2. extra, additional. — ekstra the very best, ekstrafor tailor, binding, tape, ekstrasistol, -lü path, extrasystole, ekstre 1. extract. 2.fin. statement, ekstrem extreme.
ekşi sour, tart, acid. — kiraz sour cherry. — suratlı colloq. sour-faced. — yemedim ki karnım ağrısın, colloq. (Why should my stomach ache? I haven’t eaten anything sour.) I haven’t done anything to be sorry about.
ekşili
    —  yüzlü colloq., see ekşi suratlı.
ekşili (a food) which has been given a tart flavor (with seasoning, flavoring, etc.). ekşilik tartîîess, sourness, acidity, ekşimek 1. to become tart; to sour, turn sour. 2. (for leavened dough) to rise. 3. (for one’s stomach) to get upset owing to too much acid: Midesi ekşidi. He’s got acid indigestion. 4. /başına/ slang to harass, bother (s.o.).
    5.    colloq. (for one’s face) to get a sour look on it. 6. slang to get embarrassed, ekşimik cheese made of skim milk or yogurt curds.
ekşimsi tartish; sourish, ekşimtırak see ekşimsi, ekşit, -ti acid, —e dirençli acid-fast. — yokluğu anacidity, achlorhydria. ekşitilmek to be made tart/sour, ekşitleme acidification, ekşitlemek /ı/ to acidify, ekşitlenim acidosis, ekşitlenmiş acidotic. ekşitleştirme see ekşitleme. ekşitleştirmek /ı/ see ekşitlemek. ekşitlik acidity.
ekşitme souring, making sour. — kuyusu septic tank.
ekşitmek /ı/ to make tart; to sour, ekşitsizlik anacidity, achlorhydria. ekşittutar acidophilic, acidophilous. ekşiyonca (./..) bot. wood sorrel, oxalis, Oxalis acetosella. ekşiyoncagiller (./....) bot. Oxalidaceae. ekti prov. 1. parasite. 2. gluttonous. — püktü-ler freeloaders, spongers, leeches, ektilik parasitism, ektima (./.) path, ecthyma, ektirmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) sow (seeds); to have (seeds) sown in (a place). 2. to have (salt, sugar, powder, etc.) sprinkled on/over (s.t.).
ektoderm ectoderm.
ektropi path, ectropion, ectropium.
Ekvador 1. Ecuador. 2. Ecuadorian, Ecuadorean, of Ecuador.
Ekvadorlu 1. (an) Ecuadorian, (an) Ecuadorean.
    2.    Ecuadorian (person), ekvator equator. — düzlemi equatorial plane, ekvatoral equatorial.
Ekvator Gineli 1. (an) Equatorial Guinean. 2.
    Equatorial Guinean (person).
Ekvator Ginesi, -ni 1. Equatorial Guinea. 2.
    Equatorial Guinean, of Equatorial Guinea, ekzotermik chem. exothermic.
Jel 1. hand. 2. handwriting. 3. power, control.
    4. assistance. 5. possession, ownership. 6. shot (discharge of a firearm). 7. playing cards deal. — de 1. in hand, on hand. 2. in hand, being done. 3. won over, —deki on hand, which is on hand, —den by hand, personally. —inde under his/her care; under his/ her control, —inden because of. —iyle 1. in care of, c/o. 2. by the hand of. — i açık
                                                                                                                  1el
colloq. generous, munificent, bountiful. — açmak colloq. 1. to beg for alms. 2. to ask someone for money. 3. to turn a card up on the discard pile. —i ağır colloq. 1. slow, working slowly. 2. heavy-fisted, hitting hard, —ine ağır colloq. slow (worker). — i ağır, işi pak colloq. slow but sure, slow but dependable. —i ağzında kalmak colloq. to be astonished, —den ağıza yaşamak colloq. to live from hand to mouth. — e almir colloq. in good condition, useful. — e alınmaz colloq. in very bad condition. — alışkanlığı colloq. (manual) skill acquired by practice. — i alışmak colloq. 1. to become skillful. 2. to get used to doing something. — almak 1. dervish orders to receive permission to initiate others. 2. to become a master craftsman.
3. playing cards to take a trick, —den almak hi colloq. to buy (s.t.) straight from the producer. —e almak hi to take up, consider (a matter), —ine almak hi colloq. to take (s.o./ s.t.) in hand, take charge of. — altında colloq. handy, within reach. — i/—inin altında colloq. 1. at one’s disposal, at one’s service. 2. handy, within easy reach. — altından colloq. in an underhanded way, underhandedly, underhand, secretly. — altlığı desk pad (used to provide a desk top with a cushioned surface). — arabası 1. wheelbarrow. 2. school slang masturbation. — i armut devşirmiyor/ toplamıyor ya! colloq. (He’s/She’s not busy picking up pears.) Don’t worry, he/she can defend himself/herself. — i aşta, gözü oynaşta. colloq., see Eli işte, gözü oynaşta. — atmak /a/ colloq. 1. to put one’s hand to, undertake. 2. to mix in, interfere in (another’s affair). 3. to grab at, lay one’s hand on, grasp.
—e avuca sığmaz colloq. out of hand, uncontrollable, very mischievous. — de avuçta bir şey kalmamak colloq. to have nothing left. — de avuçta nesi varsa colloq. everything he/she has, all he/she possesses. — i ayağı bağlı colloq. not free to act, having one’s hands tied. — i ayağı bağlı kalmak colloq., see eli kolu bağlı kalmak, —i ayağı buz kesilmek colloq. 1. to be very cold. 2. to be stunned, —ini ayağını çekmek /dan/ colloq. 1. to stop going to (a place). 2. to stop doing (s.t.). — ayak çekilmek colloq. to be deserted and quiet. — i ayağı dolaşmak colloq. to be so upset that one does nothing right, —ine ayağına düşmek Iml colloq., see eline ayağına kapanmak, —den ayaktan düşmek colloq. to become infirm by illness or old age. — i ayağı düzgün colloq. lacking in bodily defects. — i ayağı gevşemek colloq. to have no strength in one’s muscles (because of heat/fear), —ine ayağına kapanmak Iml colloq. to implore. — i ayağı kesilmek colloq. to be limp and helpless (because of an event or bad news), —ini ayağını kesmek colloq. 1. /dan/ to stop going to (a place). 2. /m, dan/ to stop (s.o.) from coming to (a
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place). — i ayağı olmak Iml colloq. to be (one’s) helper, be (one’s) right hand, —ini ayağını öpeyim, colloq. (Let me kiss your hands and feet.) I beg you ./I implore you.
—  ayak öpmek colloq., see el etek öpmek.
—ine ayağına sarılmak Iml colloq., see eline ayağına kapanmak, —i ayağı titremek colloq. to tremble from fear/nervousness.
—i ayağı tutmak colloq. to be physically sound and strong, —ine ayağına üşenmemek colloq. to do active work without grumbling. — ayası the palm of one’s hand. — i aza varmamak colloq. to be overgenerous in buying/using something. — bağlamak to fold one’s hands respectfully in front of o.s.
—ini bağlamak Iml colloq. to tie (s.o.’s) hands. — e bakmak colloq. to read palms, practice palmistry, —ine bakmak Iml colloq.
1. to depend on (s.o.) for one’s living. 2. to look at (s.o.’s) hands to see what has been brought. — basmak /a/ colloq. to swear by placing one’s hand on (s.t. sacred). — i bayraklı colloq. quarrelsome, impudent, and abusive (person). — bebek gül bebek colloq. spoiled, pampered. — i belinde colloq. 1. alert, ready for action. 2. spoiling for a fight.
—ini belli etmek playing cards to expose one’s hand. — bende! children’s game I’m it! — benden, sebep Allahtan. I have done what I can to help you. Your recovery is in God’s hands (used only in cases of illness).
—  bezi see elbezi. — bıçkısı a small handsaw. —ini bırakıp ayağını, ayağını bırakıp elini öpmek Iml colloq. 1. to plead with (s.o.). 2. to kiss (s.o.’s) hand as a sign of great joy. —den bırakmak hi colloq. to give (s.t.) up. — de bir colloq. a sure thing, a certainty. —inden bir kaza/sakatlık çıkmak colloq. to cause accidental damage, have an accident, —inden bir şey gelmemek colloq. not to find any way to solve the problem.
—i bol colloq. well supplied with money and what is needed for the job. — bombası hand grenade. —i boş colloq. 1. empty-handed.
2. unemployed, idle. —i boşa “Ağa uyur,” derler; eli doluya “Ağa buyur,” derler. proverb To the caller who brings no present they say, “The master is asleep.” But to the one with a present they say, “The master is waiting for you.” —i boş dönmek (çevrilmek, geri gelmek) colloq. to return empty-handed. —i böğründe kalmak colloq. to be utterly discouraged and helpless. — bulmak colloq. to find a helping hand.
—de bulunan on hand, available, —inde bulunmak Iml colloq. to be owned by. —i-ni cebine atmak colloq. to reach for one’s wallet. —i cebine varmamak colloq. not to be willing to spend money. — i/—ine çabuk colloq. fast (worker), efficient, —ini çabuk tutmak colloq. to hurry up, be quick. — çabukluğu colloq. sleight of hand, legerdemain. — çekmek /dan/ colloq. to withdraw
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from, give up, relinquish. — çektirmek /a, dan/ to dismiss/fire (s.o.) from (a job/work), —den çıkarmak III colloq. to sell, —den çıkmak colloq. 1. to go out of one’s possession. 2. to be out of one’s hands. — çırpmak to clap one’s hands. — damarlı yaprak bot. palmate leaf. — i dar/darda colloq. hard up for money, —imde değil, colloq. (It’s not in my hand.) There’s nothing I can do about it.
—   değirmeni coffee mill; hand mill, quern.
—   değiştirmek colloq. to change hands, change owners. —i değmek /a/ colloq. to find the time to do (s.t.). — değmemiş colloq. intact; untouched by hands. —lerin dert görmesin! colloq. May your hands never see any trouble (said in gratitude to s.o. who has helped one). — ime doğdu. colloq. (He/She was born in my hand.) I’ve known him/her since he/she was bom. — i dursa ayağı durmaz, colloq. (If his/her hand stops moving, his/her foot doesn’t.) He/She won’t stay still for a minute (usually said of children). — duşu hand shower, —den düşme colloq. secondhand, —ine düşmek Iml colloq. 1. to fall under (one’s) control. 2. to be caught (by). 3. to need (s.o.). 4. to come into (one’s) possession, —inden düşürmemek hi colloq. to use (s.t.) continually. —i düzgün colloq. deft, dexterous. — de ediliş değeri cost. — i ekmek tutmak colloq. to begin to support o.s. for the first time, —inde ekşimek Iml colloq. to turn into long -drawn-out drudgery owing to someone’s bad management (used only of a work/a project).
—   ele colloq. hand in hand. — elde baş başta colloq. left with nothing, —den ele colloq. from hand to hand, from person to person, —den ele dolaşmak colloq. to change hands many times, —den ele geçmek colloq. to change owners, —den ele gezmek colloq. to go about, circulate, pass from hand to hand, change hands many times. — ele tutuşmak colloq. to take each other by the hand. — el üstünde kimin eli var? children’s game “Whose hand is on top?” (played by piling hands on the back of a bending child who has to guess whose hand is on top of the pile). — el üstünde olur, ev ev üstünde olmaz, proverb One hand can be put on another, but you can’t pile one family on top of another. — ele vermek colloq. to join forces, cooperate. — eli yur, iki el (de) yüzü, proverb (One hand washes the other and two hands wash the face.) We all need each other. — emeği 1. handwork, labor. 2. pay (for work). — ense wrestling a hold that pinions the opponent’s throat and the back of his neck. — ense çekmek /a/,
—   ense etmek hi wrestling to pinion (one’s opponent’s) throat and neck. — erimi arm’s length, reach. —i ermemek /a/ colloq. 1. not to have time for. 2. not to be able to reach.
—i ermez, gücü yetmez colloq. helpless in
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the face of a difficult situation. — etek çekildikten sonra colloq. when everybody is gone, —ini eteğini çekmek /dan/ colloq. to withdraw from, be through with (s.t.). —ine eteğine doğru colloq. well-behaved, honest, virtuous. — etek öpmek colloq. 1. to implore. 2. to flatter someone, —ine eteğine sarılmak Iml colloq. to plead with. — etmek /a/ colloq. to motion/signal (s.o.) to come.
—de etmek hi colloq. 1. to get. 2. to win (s.o.) over; to get (s.o.) to one’s side. — falı handreading, palmistry, chirognomy, chiromancy. — feneri flashlight. — freni auto. hand brake, —den geçirmek hi colloq. to sort through, go through (s.t./things) (in order to correct, repair, replace, etc.). — e geçirmek hi colloq. 1. to catch, capture. 2. to get, get hold of. —e geçmek colloq. 1. to be caught.
2. to be gotten, —ine geçmek colloq. 1. to earn. 2. to come across, meet. 3. to find, get.
4. to catch. — e geçmez colloq. not easy to get, hard to find, —den geldiğince colloq., see elden geldiği kadar, —inden geleni ar-dma/arkasma komamak colloq. to do all the bad one can, do one’s best to harm/hurt someone/something, —den gel bakalım ...! h! slang Come on, hand over (the money)! —den geldiği kadar colloq. as much as one can. —inden geleni yapmak colloq. to do all one can, do one’s level best, —den gelmek 1. colloq. to be within one’s capabilities.
2. hi slang to give over, cough up, fork over, hand over. — e gelmek colloq. 1. to come in handy. 2. (for a baby) to be old enough to be carried in one’s arms, —inden gelmek colloq. to be able to do. —den gelmemek colloq. to be unable to keep from (doing s.t.), find it impossible (not to do s.t.) (used with a negative infinitive), —inden gelmemek colloq. to be unable to do. — i geniş colloq. generous. — i genişlemek colloq. to come into money, —lerde gezmek colloq. to be very popular, —den gitmek colloq. to be lost, be gone. — i gitmek /a/ colloq. to reach for.
—i gitmemek /a/ colloq., see eli varmamak.
—ini göğsüne koymak colloq. to be fair, act conscientiously, —ini göstermek playing cards, see elini belli etmek. —i hafif colloq. skillful, light of touch. — im hamur, karnım aç. colloq. (I have dough in my hands, but my stomach is empty.) I do all the work but get nothing out of it. —inin hamuru ile erkek işine karışmak pej. (for a woman) to meddle in a man’s business, —iyle hamur ovalar, gözüyle dana kovalar, colloq. (While her hands knead dough her eyes chase calves.) She daydreams while she works, —den hibe law executed gift, —inden hiçbir şey kurtulmamak colloq. to be able to do anything, be very skillful. — ilanı handbill. — ile tutulur colloq. tangible, —inden iş çıkmamak colloq. to be slow -working, be incapable of finishing a job.
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—inden iş gelmek colloq. to be skillful and productive. — işçiliği handwork, handiwork.
—i işe yatmak colloq. to be skillful. — işi
1. handwork, handiwork. 2. handmade. — i işte, gözü oynaşta, colloq. (Her hand is at work but her eye is on her lover.) She daydreams while she is working (said only of a woman), —den kaçırmak 111 colloq. to miss (an opportunity/a chance). — kadar colloq. very small, —ini kalbine koyarak colloq., see elini vicdanına koyarak. — kaldırmak
1. to raise one’s hand (for attention or to vote). 2. /a/ to raise one’s hand against (s.o.).
—i kalem tutmak colloq. 1. to know how to write. 2. to be able to write well, express
o.s. well in writing. — de/—inde kalmak Iml colloq. 1. to be under the control of (s.o.). 2. to remain unsold, —ine kalmak Iml colloq. to be left to the care of (s.o.). —ini kana bulamak/bulaştırmak colloq. to commit bloody murder. — kantarı steelyard, lever scales. — katmak /a/ colloq. 1. to interfere (in). 2. to participate (in), —inden kaza çıkmak colloq. to cause an accident. —/—i kesmek /dan/ colloq. to give up, withdraw from, —ini kesmek /m, dan/ colloq. to stop (s.o.) from (doing s.t.). — lerine kma yaksm! colloq. (Let her dye her hands with henna.) Now she can rejoice (said ironically). —i kırılmak /a/ colloq. to get used to (a job). —i kırılsın! colloq. May his/her hand break in two! — i kısa slang awkward, incapable. — kiri colloq. something one can easily give up. —ini kolunu bağlamak Iml colloq. to make (s.o.) unable to do something. —i kolu bağlı kalmak colloq. to have one’s hands tied, not to be able to do what one wants, —ini kolunu sallaya sallaya gelmek colloq. 1. to come without a gift. 2. to come back empty-handed, —ini kolunu sallaya sallaya gezmek colloq. to wander around undauntedly; to wander around scot -free. — koymak /a/ 1. to take over the investigation of (an unlawful act). 2. to confiscate; to sequester, —iyle koymuş gibi bulmak 111 colloq. to find (s.t.) easily (as though one had put it there himself/herself). —i koy-nunda colloq. 1. unemployed. 2. helpless, powerless, without resource. — i koynunda kalmak colloq. to be utterly discouraged and helpless. — koyucu imperialist. — koyuculuk imperialism, —inin körü! colloq. What nonsense!/Shut up! —ini kulağına atmak colloq. to cup one’s hand behind one’s ear (in singing a song). — i kulağında colloq. about to happen, just around the corner. — kumbarası hand grenade, —inden kurtulmak Iml colloq. to succeed in escaping from (s.o.). — i kurusun! colloq. May his/her hand wither up! —i maşalı colloq. quarrelsome, impudent, and abusive (person), —leri nasır bağlamak to get calluses from hard work, —den ne gelir? colloq. What can be done?/
What can one do? — oğuşturmak colloq. to wring one’s hands (in respect/confusion).
—i olmak /da/ colloq. to have a hand in (s.t.)- —inde olmak /in/ colloq. to be owned by. (bir iş) —inde olmak colloq. (for a job/ a work) to be within one’s power, —inde olmamak colloq. to be beyond one’s control, —ini oynatmak colloq. to tip someone, give money. — öpmek to kiss someone’s hand (in respect). — öpmekle ağız aşınmaz, proverb (It doesn’t wear out your mouth just to kiss a hand.) It costs one nothing to show respect. — i para görmek colloq. to start earning money (after having been without income). —i pek colloq. stingy, closefisted. — pençe divan durmak to stand respectfully with hands folded in front of o.s.; to stand ready to receive orders. — peşrevi slang a pat, caress. —ine/—inize/—lerinize sağlık. Well done, thanks! (said to s.o. who has made food, handwork, etc). — sallamak to wave one’s hand, wave. — imi sallasam ellisi, başımı sallasam tellisi, colloq. I only have to snap my fingers to have all the opposite sex at my bidding. — sanatları handicrafts. —im sende children’s game You’re it. —ini sıcak sudan soğuk suya sokmamak colloq. not to lift a finger to help with the housework. —i sıkı colloq. closefisted, stingy. — sıkmak to shake hands. — i silah tutan colloq. 1. old enough to be drafted. 2. (s.o.) who knows how to use a gun. — i sopalı colloq. bully, —ine su dökemez. Iml colloq. He’s/She’s much inferior to (s.o.)./ He/She cannot hold a candle to (s.o.). — sunmak /a/ colloq. to extend one’s hand to (s.o.) in friendship. — sürmemek /a/ colloq.
1. not to touch. 2. not to do; not to lift a finger to (do s.t.). 3. to show no interest in (s.t.).
—i şakağında colloq. worried and pensive.
—  şakası colloq. practical joke (done with the hands). — tarağı anat. metacarpus. — i tartısız colloq. 1. (s.o.) who is unable to estimate weights. 2. (s.o.) who lacks a sense of proportion, immoderate. — tazelemek colloq. 1. to take a rest break. 2. to put in a substitute. — terazi, göz mizan, proverb (Weigh it by lifting it, size it up with your eye.) Sometimes one only needs to guess at sizes. — teskeresi obs. stretcher, litter. — tutmak colloq. (for a job) to drag on for a long time. — de tutmak /i/ colloq. 1. to own, possess. 2. to have control over (s.t.); to monopolize. 3. to keep back (s.t.) in reserve. 4. to hold back (a commodity) from the market.
—inden tutmak Iml colloq. to help, protect.
—le tutulur, gözle görülür colloq. tangible, real, genuine. — le tutulacak tarafı/yam kalmamak Iml colloq. 1. (for s.t.) to have no sound part left, be worn out, be shot. 2. to be completely untrustworthy, —ine tutuşturmak III colloq. to have (s.t.) thrust into one’s hand. —i uz colloq. skilled, deft, dexterous,
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   clever with his/her hands. — uzatmak /a/ colloq. 1. to try to take, try to touch (s.o.’s share). 2. to reach out to help. — uzluğu colloq. deftness, dexterity. —i uzun colloq. thievish. — üstünde gezmek colloq. to be very popular. — üstünde tutmak h! colloq. to treat (s.o.) with great respect and honor.
   —de var bir math, and carry one. — i varmamak /a/ colloq. not to have the heart (to do s.t.). —inle ver, ayağınla ara. colloq. Whatever you lend him/her, you may as well kiss good-bye. —ini veren kolunu alamaz. colloq. If you give him/her your hand you will lose your arm. — i vergili colloq. generous. — vermek 1. /a/ colloq. to help, lend a hand. 2. /a/ (in dervish orders) to give permission to (s.o.) to initiate others. 3. /a/ prov. to empower (s.o.) to act as a doctor. 4. playing cards to give up a trick. — e vermek hi colloq. to inform on (s.o.), tell on (s.o.). —ini vicdanına koyarak colloq. being careful to be just, —ine vur, ekmeğini (ağzından) al. colloq. (Hit his/her hand and take his/her bread.) He’s/She’s very meek and spiritless. — vurmak colloq. to clap (to call a waiter). — vurmamak /a/ colloq. 1. not to touch. 2. not to begin. — lerim yanıma gelsin! colloq. Let me be struck dead if I am lying! — yarası onulur/geçer, dil yarası onulmaz/geçmez, proverb A wound heals soon but hurt feelings never heal. — i yatkm /a/ colloq. adept at (a work), having a knack for (a manual skill). — yatkınlığı colloq. 1. (manual) skill acquired by practice. 2. deftness, dexterity. —i yatmak /a/ colloq. to get used to (a job). — yazısı handwriting. — yazması 1. (handwritten) manuscript; script; handwritten book. 2. handwritten, —ini yıkamak /dan/ colloq. to wash one’s hands of (a business). — yordamıyla colloq. gropingly. —i yordamlı colloq., see eli uz. —ler yukarı! Hands up! — yunağı (wall-hung) washbasin, washbowl, lavatory. — i yüzü düzgün colloq. fairly pretty.
2el 1. stranger, alien. 2. people; tribe. 3. country.
   —   adamı colloq. stranger. — ağzına bakan, karısını tez boşar, proverb (A man who listens to the advice of others will soon divorce his wife.) One should discount advice offered by others regarding one’s private affairs. — ağzı ile çorba içmek colloq. to adopt the views of another as one’s own. — ağzı ile kuş tutulmaz, proverb (One does not catch birds by listening to the advice of others.) You should rely primarily on yourself, —in ağzı torba değil ki büzesin, proverb (People’s mouths are not sacks with drawstrings.) You can’t stop people from talking. — an, düşman körü/gayreti colloq. in order to save face, for appearances’ sake. — atma binen tez iner, proverb (One who mounts a stranger’s horse soon dismounts.) A person who uses another’s property or position
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temporarily, soon gives it up., —den ayrıksı prov. different from others. — beğenmezse yer/yel beğensin, proverb Death is better than dishonor. — de bulunan beyde bulunmaz. proverb A rich man doesn’t have every-thing. — elin aynasıdır, proverb (One person is a mirror to another.) Everything people do is seen and noted. — elin eşeğini türkü çağırarak arar, proverb (A person sings as he/ she looks for another person’s lost donkey.) People are not disheartened by the troubles of others. — el ile, değirmen yel We. proverb People depend on each other, just as a mill depends on the wind. — elden kalmaz, dil dilden kalmaz, proverb People will retaliate in kind. — elin nesine, gülerek gider yasına. proverb One who isn’t close to you can never really understand your sorrows. — elden üstündür (ta arşa kadar), proverb (There is one superior to another, clear up to heaven.) Everyone has his/her superior. — eliyle yılan tutmak colloq. to have another person do the dangerous job. —in geçtiği köprüden sen de geç. proverb (Cross the bridge that everybody crosses.) Do as others do. —le gelen düğün bayram, proverb We are all in the same boat, —den gelen öğün olmaz, o da vaktinde bulunmaz, proverb (A meal prepared by others won’t be good, and besides it will be late.) Don’t rely on others. — gün colloq. people, others. —e güne karşı colloq. 1. in front of everybody; in the eyes of everybody. 2. in order to save face. — e güne rezil olmak colloq. to be embarrassed in the presence of others. — için ağlayan (iki) gözden olur (yâr için dövünen dizden olur.) proverb (A person who weeps for a stranger loses his/her eyesight.) Self-sacrifice has its limits. — için kuyu kazan, evvela kendi düşer, proverb (A person who digs a pit for others falls into it himself/ herself.) One who sets a trap for others will be caught in it. — için yanma nâre, yak çubuğunu saf anı/keyfini ara. proverb Don’t fall into a fire for the sake of others; light your pipe and make yourself comfortable. — iyisi prov. good to others (but not to his own family). — kapısı colloq. 1. place where one works for another to earn one’s living. 2. the house of the bride’s in-laws. — kazanıyla aş kaynamaz, proverb (Food does not cook in a stranger’s pot.) Don’t count on the help of others. — kesesinden sultanım, develer olsun kurbanım, colloq. (I spend another’s money and live like a rich man; I can sacrifice camels.) Some people live well on the money of others. — mi yaman, bey mi yaman? proverb (Are the people strong, or is their oppressor stronger?) The people are more powerful than their ruler. — üstünde gömlek eskimez, proverb (A shirt that is lent does not wear out.) Something borrowed is well cared for. —den vefa, zehirden şifa.
                                                                                                           elçi
    proverb (Help from strangers is as likely as health from poison.) One can’t expect kindness from strangers. — vergisi, gönül sevgisi. proverb A gift warms the heart of the recipient. — e verir talkını, kendi yutar salkımı. (Ele verir öğüdü, kendi keser söğüdü.) colloq. (He/She instructs others but he/ she swallows bunches of grapes.) He/She doesn’t practice what he/she preaches. — yahşi biz yaman, el buğday biz saman. colloq. (Others are beautiful but we are rough; they are the wheat and we are the straw.) Others are considered to be better than we are. —deki yara, yarasıza/bende duvar deliği (gibidir), proverb Another’s wound looks like a hole in the wall to one in good health. — yumruğunu yemeyen kendi yumruğunu değirmen taşı sanır. proverb (One who has not been hit by another’s fists imagines that his own fists fall like millstones.) A person who hasn’t yet had his comeuppance imagines that he can always call the shots, ela (.—) 1. hazel (refers to the color of eyes).
    2. hazel, hazel-colored (eyes), elado slang 1. Come here! 2. Give me/us ..,!/ Cough up the ...! — etmek /i/ 1. to get, get one’s hands on, get hold of. 2. to steal, pinch, Brit. nick, elalem (.—.) everybody, everyone, elaman /dan/ colloq. Enough of ...!/I’m sick to death of ...!: Bu şikâyetlerden elaman! I’m fed up with the complaints. E—! colloq. Mercy on us! — çekmek colloq. to complain vehemently. — demek colloq. to be fed up, have had it. elan 1. right now, at this very moment. 2. still; yet.
elastik see elastiki.
elastiki (...—) 1. elastic; flexible. 2. ambiguous, elastikiyet, -ti 1. elasticity, flexibility. 2. ambiguity.
elbecerisi, -ni (/....) manual skill, elbet (/.) certainly, decidedly, surely, elbette (/..) see elbet.
                                                             elbezi, -ni (/..) small damp cloth (for wiping one’s hands/mouth after eating), elbirliği, -ni (/...) cooperation. — yle as a group, in cooperation with one another, elbirlikli (/...) cooperative; common; shared, elbise (.—.) 1. (woman’s) dress: Yeni elbisen güzel. Your new dress is pretty. 2. (an) article of clothing, garment, —ler clothes, clothing.
    —     dolabı wardrobe. — fırçası clothes brush, elbiseci (.—..) seller of ready-made clothes, elbiselik (.— ..) (cloth) suitable for making clothes.
elceğiz used in: —iyle yapmak III to do (s.t.)
    o.s.
elcil altruistic, elcillik altruism.
                                                             elçi 1. ambassador. 2. envoy. 3. prophet. — eşi ambassador’s wife, ambassadress, —ye zeval
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270
eleme
   olmaz, proverb An envoy cannot be blamed for his/her mission, elçilik 1. ambassadorship, duties and functions of an ambassador, embassy. 2. ambassador, the rank/position of ambassador. 3. embassy; legation; building housing the residence and office of an ambassador/an envoy.
   —   etmek 1. to function as an ambassador. 2. to be a reconciler. — uzmanı attache.
eldeci possessor, holder, eldiven 1. glove. 2. mitten. 3. boxing glove, elebaşı, -yi (./..) 1. ringleader. 2. the leader (in children’s games). elebaşılık (./...) the position of a ringleader;
   chieftaincy; chieftainship, eleğimsağma prov. rainbow, eleji elegy.
elek fine sieve, sifter, —ini boğazına geçirmek colloq. to lose everything one has. —ten geçirmek 111 1. to sift. 2. colloq. to examine (s.t.) minutely. —im var sacım var, komşuya ne borcum var. colloq. I own everything I need, so I don’t have to borrow, elekçi 1. maker/seller of sieves. 2. sifter, siever, person who sifts/sieves, elekçilik 1. making/selling sieves. 2. being a sifter/a siever. elektrifikasyon electrification, elektrik 1. electricity. 2. electric, electrical. — akımı electric current. — anahtarı see elektrik düğmesi. — cereyanı see elektrik akımı. — çarpmak 111 to get an electric shock.
   —   düğmesi electric switch. — feneri flashlight, Brit, electric torch. — lambası electric light. — mühendisi electrical engineer. — mühendisliği electrical engineering. — saati/ sayacı electricity meter. — süpürgesi vacuum cleaner. — tesisatı electrical wiring (in a building). — verme electrification. — yayı elec. arc. — e yönelim biol. galvanotropism, electrotropism.
elektrikbalığı, -ni (../...) zool. electric ray, torpedo fish, torpedo, Torpedo ocellata. elektrikçi electrician, elektrikçilik the work of an electrician, elektriklemek hi to charge (s.t.) with electricity, electrify.
elektriklendirme electrification, electrifying, elektriklendirmek hi to electrify, elektriklenme being electrified, elektriklenmek to be electrified, elektrikli 1. electric, electrically operated. 2. live (wire). 3. electric, tense. — alet/aygıt electrical appliance. — battaniye electric blanket. — sandalye electric chair. — süpürge see elektrik süpürgesi. — tıraş makinesi electric shaver. — tulumba electric pump.
elektrikliyılanbalığı, -m (.../....) zool. electric
   eel, Electrophorus electricus. elektriksel electrical. — iletişim electrical communication, elektriksiz without electricity, elektro (./.) colloq., nıed. electrocardiogram. —
   çektirmek to have one’s electrocardiogram taken.
elektroansefalografi (./......) med. electroen-
   cephalography, elektroansefalogram (./.......) med. electroen-
   cephalogram, elektrobiyoloji (./.....) electrobiology, elektrodinamik (./....) 1. electrodynamics. 2.
   electrodynamic, elektrodinamometre (./..........) electrodyna-
   mometer.
elektrodiyaliz (./....) electrodialysis.
elektrofizyoloji (./....) electrophysiology.
elektrofon electrophone, elektrogitar (./...) electric guitar, elektrojen generating electricity, elektrokardiyograf (./.....) med. electrocardiograph.
elektrokardiyografi (./.......) med. electrocar-
   diography.
elektrokardiyogram (./........) med. electrocar-
   diogram, elektrolit, -ti electrolyte, elektroliz electrolysis.
elektromanyetik (./....) electromagnetic. — dalgalar electromagnetic waves. — ışınım/radyasyon electromagnetic radiation. — tayf electromagnetic spectrum.
elektromanyetizma (.......'.) electromagnetism.
elektromekanik (./....) 1. electromechanics. 2. electromechanical.
elektrometalürji (./....) electrometallurgy.
elektrometre (.../.) electrometer, elektromıknatıs (./....) electromagnet, elektromotor (./...) 1. electromotive. 2. electromotor. — kuvvet electromotive force, elektron electron. — tüpü electron tube, elektronegatif (./....) electronegative, elektronik 1. electronic. 2. electronics. — beyin computer. — çalgılar electronic instruments.
   —     güç kaynağı electronic power supply. — mühendisi electronic engineer. — mühendisliği electronic engineering. — müzik electronic music, synthetic music. — org mus. electric organ. — posta electronic mail, elektropozitif (./....) electropositive, elektroskop, -pu electroscope, elektrostatik (./...) 1. electrostatic. 2. electrostatics.
elektroşok, -ku (./..) electroshock therapy, electroshock, elektrot, -tu electrode.
elektroteknik (./...) 1. electrotechnic, electrotechnical. 2. electrotechnics, elektroterapi (./....) electrotherapy, elektrotermi (./...) electrothermics. elem anguish, mental suffering, eleman 1. (a) member (of a personnel/a staff/a corps). 2. component, part. 3. chem. element, elemanter elementary.
eleme 1. sieving; sifting; screening. 2. eliminating (s.o.), weeding (s.o.) out, screening (s.o.) out. 3. sports preliminary match; trial,
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elma
    heat. 4. prov. skeining (yarn). 5. sieved; sifted; screened: eleme un sifted flour. — sınavı elimination examination, elemek hi 1. to sieve; to sift; to screen. 2. to eliminate, weed (people) out; to eliminate (a rival) (in a competition). 3. prov. to skein, wind (yarn) into skeins. 4. slang to use up (all one’s money) (while gambling). 5. slang to win all of (one’s opponent’s money), take (one’s opponent) to the cleaners, element, -ti chem. element, elemge prov. swift, winding frame, winder. Elen 1. (a) Hellene. 2. Hellenic, of the Hellenes.
 Elence (./.) 1. Hellenic, the language of the Hellenes. 2. (speaking/writing) in Hellenic, Hellenic. 3. Hellenic (speech/writing); spoken in Hellenic; written in Hellenic, elenme 1. being sieved/sifted/screened. 2. being eliminated, being weeded out, being screened out.
 elenmek 1. to be sieved/sifted/screened. 2. to be eliminated, be weeded out, be screened out. 3. prov. (for yarn) to be skeined, elenti the material that has been passed through a sieve/a sifter/a screen, siftings, screenings, elerki, -ni (/..) democracy, elerkil (/..) democratic, eleştirel critical, pertaining to criticism. — basım critical edition, eleştiri 1. criticism. 2. critique; review, eleştirici 1. critic; reviewer. 2. critical, criticizing.
 eleştiricilik 1. criticism. 2. critical philosophy, criticism, eleştirilmek to be criticized, eleştirim criticism.
 eleştirimci pertaining to critical philosophy.
 eleştirimcilik critical philosophy, criticism.
 eleştirisel critical, pertaining to criticism.
 eleştirme criticism, criticizing.
 eleştirmeci see eleştirmen.
 eleştirmecilik see eleştirmenlik.
 eleştirmek hi to criticize.
 eleştirmeli critical, criticizing.
 eleştirmen critic; reviewer.
 eleştirmenlik 1. being a critic/a reviewer. 2.
    criticizing; reviewing, elezer sadist, elezerlik sadism.
 elfatiha (.—..) the opening chapter of the Koran.
 elgin 1. stranger. 2. strange, foreign, elhak (/.) in truth, truly, really, elhamdülillah (./...) Islam Thank God!/Glory be to God!/Praise be to God!
 ^elhasıl (/—.) in short, in summary.
 “eliaçık generous, munificent, bountiful, elif alif (the first letter of the Arabic alphabet).
    —i bilmemek colloq. to be illiterate. — i elifine colloq. exactly; to a T. — gibi colloq. upright, slender. — i görse direk/mertek sanır. colloq. (If he/she saw an alif he/she
    would think it was a post.) He’s/She’s completely illiterate, —ten y’ye kadar colloq. from “a” to “z.” — i yüzünde, ekmeği dizinde. colloq. He’s/She’s utterly shameless, elifba (..—) the Arabic alphabet, elifbe see elifba.
elik prov., zool. chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra. elim heartrending, very distressing, very sad. eliminasyon elimination, elindelik free will, elips geom. ellipse, elipsoidal, -li geom. ellipsoidal, elipsoit geom. ellipsoid, eliptik geom. elliptic, elisıkı closefisted, stingy, elişi, -ni (/..) handicrafts. — kâğıdı shiny paper brightly colored on one side, elit elite, select.
elkizi, -m (/..) 1. daughter-in-law. 2. bride. 3. wife.
elkitabi, -ni (/...) handbook, manual, elleme 1. handling, touching. 2. prov. hand-picked, choice, ellemek h! to handle, feel, touch (with one’s hand).
ellenmek to be handled, be touched, ellenmiş dillenmiş colloq. (woman) known to be free and easy.
elleşmek prov. 1. /a/ to handle, touch (with one’s hand). 2. to horse around, push and shove each other (in fun). 3. to shake hands, shake on it (when closing a bargain). 4. /a/ to say something cutting to. 5. to squeeze each other’s hands to see who has the strongest grip. 6. /la/ to shake hands (with). 7. to help each other. 8. (for several people) to lift/ move something together, elli fifty. — altı slang slap, cuff. — dirhem otuz slang dead drunk, three sheets in the wind.
ellik 1. naut. sailmaker’s palm, palm. 2. prov.
                                                               glove; anything designed to protect the hand, ellilik 1. a unit of value which has a denomination of fifty (e.g. a coin/a stamp worth fifty liras). 2. (a) quinquagenarian. 3. (s.t.) which is priced at or worth fifty units of a currency.
    4.    (s.t.) which is fifty units in length, weight, volume, etc. 5. (s.t.) which holds fifty units/ measures. 6. quinquagenarian, (s.o.) who is in his/her fifties, ellinci 1. fiftieth, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is fiftieth in a countable series. 2. fiftieth, in the fiftieth place.
ellişer fifty each, fifty apiece. — ellişer in fifties; by fifties, elma apple. — ağacı bot. apple tree, Malus malus. — yı çayıra, armudu bayıra. (Elmanın dibi göl, armudun dibi yol olmalı.) proverb (An apple tree should have a lake at its foot and a pear tree should be by a path.) Apple trees need more water than pear trees do. — gibi colloq. red (cheek). — yi soy da ye, armudu say da ye. proverb Peel
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   apples and eat them, but count pears as you eat them. — şarabı hard cider, applejack.
    —  şekeri see elmaşekeri, —nm yarısı o, yarısı bu colloq. as like as two peas in a pod.
elmabaş zool. great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus. — patka zool. pochard, poachard,
    Ay thy a ferina. elmacık anat. high part of the cheek, elmacıkkemiği, -ni (../...) anat. cheekbone, elmalık apple orchard.
elmas 1. diamond. 2. diamond-tipped glass cutter, diamond. — gibi colloq. innocent, pure, virtuous.
elmasiye         a fruit gelatine dessert,
elmastıraş 1. cut glass. 2. diamond-cutter (person). 3. diamond-tipped glass cutter, diamond.
 elmaşekeri, -ni (./...) candied apple, eloğlu, -nu (/..) 1. stranger. 2. son-in-law. 3. husband.
El Salvador 1. El Salvador. 2. Salvadoran, Salvadorian, of El Salvador.
El Salvadorlu 1. (a) Salvadoran, (a) Salvadorian. 2. Salvadoran (person), Salvadorian (person).
 elsözlüğü, -nü (.'...) small, portable dictionary, eltasi, -m (/..) washbowl, washbasin, elti sister-in-law (wife of one’s husband’s brother). — eltiye eş olmaz, arpa unundan ' aş olmaz, proverb Just as you can’t thicken stew with barley flour, you can’t expect the wives of two brothers to get along, eltopu, -nu (/..) sports handball, elulağı, -m (/...) helper, elvan 1. colors. 2. many-colored, multicolored.
    —  elvan colloq. 1. all kinds. 2. many-col-ored, multicolored. — şekeri candies of various kinds and colors.
 elveda, -ai (..—) Farewell !/Good-bye! (said when parting forever). elverişli suitable; convenient, elverişlilik suitability; convenience, elverişsiz unsuitable; inconvenient, elverişsizlik unsuitability; inconvenience, elvermek /a/ 1. to suffice, be enough (for). 2. to suit, be suitable/convenient (for). Elverir ki .... colloq. It’s enough that .... elyaf fibers.
 elzem obs. most necessary, indispensable, em prov. medicine, remedy. — e seme yaramamak to be useless. — e yaramak to be useful.
emanet, -ti (.—.) 1. person/thing entrusted to another’s safekeeping, a trust. 2. checkroom for baggage. 3. /a/ entrusted to (s.o.’s safekeeping). — bırakmak /ı, a/ 1. to deposit (s.t.) with (s.o.) (for safekeeping). 2. to check (luggage). — eşeğin yuları gevşek olur. proverb (The reins are slack on a donkey left with someone for safekeeping.) People are not careful with the property of others.
    —  etmek /ı, a/ to entrust (s.o./s.t.) to, put
                                                                                               emekli
    (s.o./s.t.) in the care of. — hayvanm/eşeğin kuskunu/paldımı yokuşta kopar, proverb (A pack animal that is on loan has its crupper strap break when it goes uphill.)
   1.    Though you try to be careful with it, the thing which you are looking after often gets damaged. 2. One who lends may lend something with hidden faults. — hesabı deposit account. — e hıyanet olmaz, proverb (One does not betray a trust.) One must always take special care of something entrusted to him/her. — vermek /ı, a/ see emanet bırakmak, emanetçi (.— ..) baggage checkroom attendant, emanetçilik (.— ...) work of a checkroom attendant.
emaneten (.—'..) on deposit; as a trust, for safekeeping, emare (.—.) obs. 1. sign, mark, token; indication. 2. law circumstantial evidence, emaret, -ti (.—.) 1. hist, semiautonomous province/governorship. 2. emirate, emay enamel.
emaye 1. enameled. 2. glazed, emaylamak /i/ to enamel, overlay with enamel, embilim (/..) pharmacology, embriyo anat. embryo. — kültürü embryo culture. — zarı anat. embryonic membrane, embriyolog embryologist, embriyoloji embryology, embriyon anat., see embriyo, emcek prov., see emcik, emcik prov. teat; nipple, emdirmek 1. /ı, a/ to have (an infant) suck on (s.t.). 2. Ill to nurse, suckle. 3. /i, a/ to soak up or blot up (s.t.) with, emeç bot. mycelium, mycele. emek 1. work, labor. 2. trouble, pains. — birliği colloq. cooperation. — çekmek colloq. to work hard, take great pains, —iyle ekmeğini kazanmak colloq. to work for one’s living.
   —i geçmek /a/ to expend effort in (accomplishing s.t.). — harcamak to put in work.
   —  olmadan yemek olmaz, proverb One has to work in order to get what one wants. — i sağdıç emeğine dönmek colloq. not to benefit from one’s work. — vermek /a/ to work hard, labor (at), take great pains (with).
emekçi worker, laborer; proletarian. — smif the working class, proletariat, emekçileşme proletarianization, emekçilik being a worker, emekleme crawling (of a baby) on all fours.
   —  çağı/dönemi colloq. early stage of development (of s.t.), infancy.
emeklemek 1. (for a baby or an infirm person) to crawl on all fours. 2. colloq. to try to find one’s feet, be in the learning stage, emekli retired (official), —ye ayırmak /ı/ to retire (an employee), put (an employee) on retirement pay. — aylığı retirement pay, pension. — olmak (—ye ayrılmak) (for an employee) to retire. E— Sandığı Pension Fund.
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273
emretmek
emeklilik retirement.
emeksiz 1. gained without turning a finger, received without effort, received without exerting o.s. 2. without effort, without exertion.
   —   evlat colloq. stepchild.
emektar 1. faithful and long in service, veteran.
   2.     old and faithful servant, old and loyal worker. 3. good old, tried and true (thing), emektaş fellow worker, comrade, emel desire, wish; ambition, longing, emici 1. sucking, that which sucks. 2. absorbent, blotting. — kıllar/tüyler bot. root hairs, emik prov. 1. bruise produced by sucking. 2.
   throat, emilim absorption.
emilme 1. being sucked. 2. absorption, being absorbed. — aralığı phys. absorption band.
   —   eğrisi phys. absorption curve. — faktörü phys. absorption factor. — tayfı phys. absorption spectrum.
emilmek 1. to be sucked. 2. to be absorbed, emin 1. safe, secure. 2. sure, certain; free from doubt. 3. strong, firm. 4. trustworthy. — ol. colloq. Believe me. — olmak /dan/ to be sure (of).
‘emir, -mri order, command; decree. — almak /dan/ to receive orders (from). — e amade ready, at one’s service. — atlısı mil. mounted orderly. — büyük yerden gelmek colloq, for an order to come straight from the top.
   —   eri mil. orderly, —ine girmek /m/ to enter into (s.o.’s) service. — e hazır ready, at one’s disposal. — kipi gram, the imperative, imperative mood. — kulu colloq. one who has to obey orders. — limanı port of call. — e muharrer senet fin., see emre yazılı senet. — sıygası gram., see emir kipi.
   —   subayı mil. adjutant. — vermek /a/ to order, command, —ine vermek /ı, m/ 1. to assign (s.o.) to (a post/an office). 2. to assign (s.t.) to the use of (s.o.); to assign (s.o.) to the service of (s.o.). — e yazılı senet fin. promissory note.
2emir emir, prince, chief, leader, ruler, commander. — ül müminin Islam commander of the faithful (title given to the caliph), emirber mil. orderly.
emircik zool. kingfisher, halcyon, Alcedo atthis. emirlik 1. being an emir. 2. emirate, emirname (..— .) written command; decree, emisyon I. fin. emission, issuing, issue. 2. radio transmission. — hacmi fin. currency issued, emlak, -ki real estate. — alım vergisi real estate purchase tax. — vergisi real estate tax. emlakçı real estate agent, emlakçilik the real estate business, emlemek hi prov. 1. to apply medicine to (a wound/a part of the body). 2. to give (s.o.) medicine.
emme suck, suction. — basma tulumba a kind of suction pump. — borusu inlet manifold.
   —      supabı inlet valve, emmeç aspirator; suction pump.
emmek hi 1. to suck. 2. to absorb. 3. slang to milk, mulct, bleed (s.o.). eme eme iliğini kurutmak Iml colloq. to suck (s.o.) to the very marrow, exhaust (s.o.). emdiği sütü burnundan getirmek Iml colloq. to make (s.o.) pay heavily (for a misdeed), emdiği sütü haram etmek /a/ colloq. (for a mother) to curse (her child), emmi prov. 1. paternal uncle. 2. familiar mode of address. — m dayım, hepsinden/herkesten aldım payım, proverb, see Amcam dayım, hepsinden/herkesten aldım payım, —m dayım kesem, elimi soksam yesem. proverb (My uncles are my purse; it would be nice if I could reach in and spend money.) A person should earn what he/she needs, emniyet, -ti 1. safety, security. 2. confidence, belief. 3. the police, the law. 4. safety, safety catch. 5. police headquarters. — altma almak hi to protect, secure. — amiri chief of police (in a small district). — bölgesi mil. safety zone. — etmek 1. /a/ to trust in. 2. /i, a/ to entrust (s.t.) to (s.o.’s) care. — kemeri safety belt. — müdürlüğü police headquarters (in a province). — müdürü chief of police (in a province). — payı margin of safety. — sahası mil., see emniyet bölgesi. E— Sandığı name of a credit institution which makes loans on the security of real estate or valuables. — somunu locknut. —i suiistimal embezzlement; breach of confidence. — supabı safety valve. — tedbiri security measure, safety precaution. — tertibatı safety gear. — vermek /a/ colloq. to give (s.o.) the impression of being trustworthy.
emniyetli 1. safe. 2. trustworthy, reliable, emniyetsiz 1. unsafe. 2. untrustworthy, emniyetsizlik 1. insecurity. 2. lack of confidence, emoraji hemorrhage, emoroit, -ti path, hemorrhoid, empati empathy.
empermeabl raincoat, Brit, waterproof, mackintosh.
emperyalist, -ti 1. (an) imperialist. 2. imperialist, imperialistic, emperyalizm imperialism, empoze used in: — etmek /i, a/ to impose (an idea) on (s.o.). empresyonist, -ti 1. (an) impressionist. 2. impressionistic, empresyonizm impressionism, emprevizyon law want of foresight, emprezaryo (../.) impresario, emprime 1. colored printing process used for fabrics. 2. a kind of printed fabric, print.
   3.    printed (fabric), emraz (.—) obs. diseases, emretmek (/..) /i, a/ to order, command. Emret, fındık kabuğuna gireyim, colloq. (If you order me to, I’ll enter a hazelnut shell.) I’ll do anything you order me to do. Emretti
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274
endüksiyon
     patrik efendi! colloq. The Patriarch has spoken (ıderiding s.o. who gives commands but has no authority). emrihak, -kki obs. (God’s decree) death. — vaki olmak to die. emrivaki, -ii (..— —) fait accompli, accomplished fact. — yapmak to present someone with a fait accompli, emsal, -li 1. similar cases. 2. equal, peer. 3. precedent; example. 4. obs., math, coefficient. — değeri equivalence value. — göstermek to point to a precedent. —i yok colloq. matchless, peerless, unequaled, emsalsiz matchless, peerless, unequaled, emtia 1. stock, goods. 2. commodity, merchandise. — bor sası commodity exchange, emval, -li (.—) obs. goods, merchandise, property.
  emzik 1. pacifier, Brit, comforter. 2. baby’s bottle, feeding bottle. 3. spout. 4. prov. cigarette-holder. 5. slang hookah, nargileh. — borusu the stovepipe elbow that connects with the stove, emzikçi prov. wet nurse, emzikli 1. having a spout. 2. (baby) sucking a pacifier. 3. nursing (woman), emzirilmek to be nursed, be suckled, emzirmek /ı/ 1. to nurse, suckle. 2. slang to siphon out gasoline from (a car), emzirtmek /i, a/ to have (s.o.) nurse (a baby).
  ; *en (before an adjective) most, -est. — aşağı/ az/azmdan at least. — baştan from the very beginning. — büyük ortak tambölen math. the highest common divisor. — çok maximum, at most. — düşük minimum, least. — evvel see en önce. — küçük ortakkat math. the lowest common multiple. — önce first of all. — sonra finally. — yüksek 1. maximum. 2. the highest.
  2en width, breadth, —ince in width, crosswise, transversely, —ine boyuna colloq. 1. in length and breadth. 2. tall and well-built. 3. fully, —ine boyuna çekmek /i/ colloq. to try to accomplish (s.t.) by using all kinds of methods and force, —ine boyuna ölçüp biçmek l\l colloq. to consider (s.t.) in detail, —ine kalınbağırsak anat. transverse colon. —i sonu colloq. the long and the short of it. —inde sonunda colloq. in the end, ultimately, finally.
  3en prov. brand (on an animal), en’am a collection of verses from the Koran including the Sura An’am. enayi (.—.) slang idiot, fool, stupid oaf, stupid ass, lummox, dope, gawk. — dümbeleği slang a prize idiot, a complete oaf, a real dolt. — pilakisi slang idiot, fool, stupid oaf. enayice (.—/.) 1. idiotically, foolishly. 2. foolish (action).
  enayicesine (.—/...) idiotically, foolishly, enayilik (.—..) slang stupidity, idiocy, enberi (/..) astr. periastron. enbiya (..—) prophets.
encam (.—) obs. end, termination; ultimate state, result of an act. — bulmak (—a ermek), to end, terminate, encek prov., see encik, encik prov. kitten; pup, puppy; whelp, cub. enciklemek prov. to kitten; to pup; to litter, whelp.
encümen committee, commission, council, endam shape, figure; stature (of a person).
   —   aynası full-length mirror.
endamlı statuesque, graceful looking, well-pro-portioned.
endamsız ill-proportioned, ungainly looking (person).
endaze (.—.) 1. measure; proportion. 2. obs. a measure of length of about 25 inches, 65 cm. —sini almak /in/ colloq. to estimate the ability of (s.o.); to estimate the importance and consequences of (a matter), —si bozuk colloq. ill-proportioned; not in proper order. — çıkarmak shipbuilding to make a mold, —ye gelmemek colloq. to be inestimable, be measureless, be immeasurable. — güvertesi shipbuilding floor of the mold loft, —ye vurmak Jil colloq. to measure; to calculate, consider, endazelemek (.— ...) hi to measure (s.t.) by endaze.
endazesiz (.— ..) 1. unmeasured; uncalculated. 2. measureless, incalculable. 3. boundless, limitless, unlimited, endeks 1. index. 2. cost-of-living index, endeksleme fin. indexing, indexation, endeksli index-linked. — tahvil index-linked bond, indexed bond, endemik endemic, ender 1. very rare. 2. rarely, enderun Ott. hist. 1. women’s apartments in a palace. 2. palace school. E—u Hümayun the sultan’s private apartments; the palace. E— Mektebi Palace School, endikasyon indication.
endirekt indirect. — destek mil. indirect support. — gözetleme mil. indirect observation.
   —   muhabere mil. indirect communication.
   —      serbest vuruş soccer indirect free kick, endişe anxiety, worry. — etmek/duymak to
   be anxious, worry, be concerned, endişelenmek /dan/ to be anxious, be troubled, be concerned (about), endişeli anxious, worried, concerned, endişesiz unanxious, unworried, unconcerned, endoderm endoderm, endogami endogamy.
endokrin biochem. endocrine, endocrin, endocrine secretion, endokrinoloji endocrinology.
Endonezya (../.) 1. Indonesia. 2. Indonesian, of Indonesia.
EndonezyalI (../..) 1. (an) Indonesian. 2. Indonesian (person), endotermik endothermic, endüksiyon induction. — bobini induction coil.
endüstri
endüstri industry. — mühendisi industrial engineer. — mühendisliği industrial engineering-                    . r   .
endüstrileşme industrialization, endüstrileşmek to be industrialized, endüstriyalizm industrialism, endüstriyel industrial. — atık industrial waste.
   —   atık su industrial sewage. — robot industrial robot. — sanatlar industrial arts.
enek prov. castrated (animal), enemek hi prov. to castrate (an animal), enenmek prov. (for an animal) to be castrated, enerji energy. — bunalımı/krizi energy crisis. E— ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanı the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources. E— ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, enerjik energetic, enez prov., see eneze, eneze prov. feeble, weak, frail, enezeleşmek prov. to become feeble, get weak, become frail, enezelik prov. feebleness, weakness, frailness, enfarktüs path. 1. infarct. 2. heart attack, enfeksiyon infection, enfes delightful, delicious, very good, enfiye snuff. — çekmek/kullanmak to take snuff. — kutusu snuffbox, enflasyon econ. inflation, enflüanza (../.) path, influenza, enformasyon information. — bürosu information bureau, enfraruj infrared. — ışınlar infrared rays, enfrastrüktür infrastructure, enfüsi (..—) ohs. subjective, engebe geographic irregularity, engebeli fraught with geographic irregularities;
                                                             rough, uneven, rugged (terrain), engebelik geog. 1. roughness, unevenness, ruggedness. 2. relief, engel 1. obstacle, obstruction, hindrance, impediment, blockage; difficulty, drawback; handicap. 2. barrier, barricade. 3. sports hurdle.
   —   çıkarmak to create difficulties. — olmak /a/ to obstruct, hinder, impede, block, inhibit.
                                                             engelbalığı, -m (./...) zool. a small mackerel, engelleme 1. obstruction, hindrance, hindering, impeding, blocking, inhibiting. 2. psych. frustration. 3. pol. obstruction, filibustering, filibuster.
                                                             engellemek /ı/ 1. to obstruct, hinder, impede, block, inhibit. 2. pol. to obstruct, filibuster, engellenmek 1. to be obstructed, be hindered, be impeded, be blocked. 2. pol. to be obstructed, be filibustered, engelleyim embargo.
engelli 1. having obstacles; obstructed, blocked. 2. handicapped. 3. sports having hurdles. — koşu sports hurdles, steeplechase, mgellik excuse.
engelsiz without obstacles, unobstructed, unhindered, unimpeded, engerek zool. adder, viper, Vipera berus.
                                                                                               entegre
 engerekotu, -nu (../..) bot. viper’s bugloss, blueweed, Echium vulgare.
 ‘engin 1. open, wide, vast,* boundless. 2. the high sea, the open sea, offing. —e çıkmak naut. to make for the offing, —den gitmek naut. to keep off shore.
2engin 1. low, ordinary; cheap. 2. low-lying, enginar bot. artichoke, Cyhara scolymus. enginlik wideness, great breadth, engizisyon hist, the Inquisition, enik prov. kitten; pup, puppy; whelp, cup. eniklemek prov. to kitten; to pup; to litter, whelp.
enikonu (./..) thoroughly, altogether, enir bot. butcher’s-broom, Ruscus aculeatus. enişte (./.) sister’s/aunt’s husband, enjeksiyon injection.
                                                          enjektör 1. syringe, hypodermic syringe. 2.
   mech. injector, enkaz wreckage; debris; ruins, enlem latitude. — dairesi parallel of latitude, enli wide, broad;
 enlilik wideness, width, broadness, breadth, enöte (/..) astr. apastron. ense 1. nape of the neck. 2. slang buttocks, fanny, *ass. —sine binmek /m/ colloq. to worry, persecute, tyrannize, —sinde boza pişirmek Iml colloq. to press (s.o.) hard, nag at (s.o.) to finish a job; to harass, —si kalm colloq. rich and powerful, —sini kaşımak colloq. to scratch one’s head, wonder what to do.
    —  kemiği anat. vertebrae of the neck. — kökü anat. nape of the neck. — kökünden gelmek Iml colloq. to be very close behind.
    —  kulak yerinde colloq. big and burly (man). — sertliği path, stiff neck, —sine yapışmak Iml colloq. to seize, collar. — yapmak slang to lead a comfortable and lazy life.
 enselemek hi slang to collar, seize (s.o.) by the neck.
enselenmek slang to be collared, enser prov. large nail, spike, ensiz narrow, ensizlik narrowness, enspektör inspector.
Enst. (abbr. for Enstitü) Inst. (Institute), enstantane I. phot, snapshot. 2. instantaneous, enstitü institute (for higher education or research), enstrüman mus. instrument, enstrümantal mus. instrumental. — müzik instrumental music, enstrümantalizm phil. instrumentalism, ensülin insulin.
entari (.—.) 1. (lady’s) dress. 2. loose robe worn by Arab men. 3. nightshirt, entarilik (.—..) material for a robe, entbent colloq. confused, ashamed, disconcerted. — olmak to be taken aback, entegrasyon integration, entegre integrated (industrial organization). — devre elec. integrated circuit. — yazılım
entel
276
erdişi
    comp, integrated software, entel (often pejorative) 1. (an) intellectual, (a) highbrow. 2. intellectual, highbrow. — ban bar frequented by intellectuals. — takılmak
    1.    to associate with intellectuals, hang out with intellectuals. 2. to try to act like an intellectual, entelekt, -ti intellect, entelektüalizm intellectualism. entelektüel 1. (an) intellectual. 2. intellectual (person/activity), entelekya (../.) entelechy. entelicansiya (.../..) intelligentsia, enteresan interesting, enterese used in: — etmek /ı/ to interest, en terlin print, lead, space slug, enternasyonal, -li international, enter nasyonalist, -ti 1. (an) internationalist. 2.
    internationalist, international tic. enternasyonalizm internationalism, enterne mil. interned. — etmek /ı/ to intern, entertip, -pi print, a kind of linotype, entimem log. enthymeme. entipüften colloq. 1. flimsy, jerry-built. 2. trivial, empty (words). 3. whipped-up, thrown together, entomoloji entomology, entomolojist, -ti entomologist, entrika (./.) intrigue; trick. — çevirmek to intrigue, scheme, entrikacı (./..) schemer, trickster, enüstünlük (/...) gram, the superlative, the superlative degree. — derecesi gram, the superlative degree, enva, -ai (.—) kinds. — i türlü/çeşitli/çeşit of various kinds, envanter com. inventory, envestisman investment, enzim biochem. enzyme, eogen geol. the Eogene, the Eogene period, eosen geol. the Eocene, the Eocene period, epanyöl (a) spaniel (a breed of dog), epe sports epee.
epey (/.) 1. rather, fairly, pretty. 2. a good many, a good deal of. (...) — oldu. It’s been a good while since .... epeyce (/..) pretty well, fairly; to some extent, epeyi (/..) see epey, epher obs., anat. aorta, epidemi epidemic, epidemic disease, epidemioloji see epidemiyoloji. epidemiyoloji epidemiology, epifit, -ti bot. epiphyte, epigenez biol. epigenesis, epigraf epigraph, epigrafi epigraphy.
epik 1. epic, epical. 2. epic, an epic poem, epikerem log. epicheirema, epichirema. Epikurosçu phil. 1. (an) Epicurean. 2. Epicurean.
Epikurosçuluk phil. Epicureanism.
Epikürcü see Epikurosçu.
Epikürcülük see Epikurosçuluk.
epilasyon epilation (of undesirable hair), epilepsi path, epilepsy, epileptik path, epileptic, epilog, -gu epilog, Brit, epilogue, afterword, epistemoloji epistemotogy. epitel biol., see epitelyum, epitelyum (../.) biol. epithelium, epizod lit., see epizot, epizot lit. episode, epope epic, epic poem, epopee, eprik prov. laundry water that is still clean enough to be used for something else, eprimek prov. 1. to wear thin, grow threadbare.
   2. to spoil, get rotten.
Er chem. Er (erbium).
‘er 1. male. 2. brave man, manly man. 3. capable man. 4. private, soldier. 5. prov. husband. — azığı mil. ration. — ekmeği, meydan ekmeği, proverb (Food provided by a husband is food to be eaten in public.) A woman need not be ashamed if the food she eats is provided by her husband. — im er olsun da yerim çalı dibi olsun, proverb I want my husband to be a responsible man, even if my home is in the open grass. — e gitmek prov., see ere varmak. — kişi 1. man, adult. 2. a manly man. — kocar, gönül kocamaz. proverb, see Vücut kocar, gönül kocamaz. — lokması er kursağında kalmaz. proverb A gentleman repays good with good. — meydanı wrestling field. — oğlu er a real hero. — olan ekmeğini taştan çıkarır. proverb (A real man can make bread out of stone.) A determined person can accomplish any job. — oyunu birdir, proverb Once is enough; no need to try again. — önbeze anat. prostate gland. — önbeze çıkarımı surg. prostatectomy. — e varmak prov. to marry a man.
2er prov. early; soon. — geç colloq. early or late, sooner or later, erat, -ti mil. privates, recruits; noncommissioned officers, erbain (..—) forty days of midwinter (Dec. 22-Jan. 31). erbab (.—) see erbap, erbap expert, master, erbaş mil. noncommissioned officer, erbezi, -ni (/..) anat. testicle. — yokluğu anor-chism.
erbiyum (/..) chem. erbium, erdem virtue.
erdemli virtuous, morally upright, erdemlilik virtuousness, erdemsiz without virtue, erdemsizlik lack of virtue, erden 1. virgin. 2. intact, untouched, erdenlik virginity.
                                                           erdirmek 1. /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) attain/achieve (s.t.). 2. /i, a/ to make (s.t.) reach (s.t./a place). 3. Ill to ripen, make (s.t.) ripe, erdişi (/..) 1. (a) hermaphrodite, androgyne, bisexual. 2. bot. (a) hermaphrodite, bisexual.
erdişilik
   3.    hermaphroditic, androgynous, bisexual. 4. bot. hermaphroditic, bisexual, monoclinous. erdişilik (/...) 1. hermaphroditism, androgy-nism, androgyny, bisexuality. 2. bot. hermaphroditism, bisexuality, monoclinism. erek purpose, aim, goal, end, target, objective, erekbilim (./..) phil. teleology, erekçi phil. 1. finalist. 2. finalistic, teleological. erekçilik phil. finalism. erekli purposeful, purposive, ereklilik phil. finality.
ereksel final, relating to an end. — neden phil.
   final cause, ereksiz purposeless, aimless, ereksizlik aimlessness.
eren 1. one who has become one with God through self-denial. 2. saint. 3. a mystic; dervish, —ler mode of address among dervishes. —lerin sağı solu olmaz, proverb (Saints don’t know right from left.) 1. A knowledgeable person achieves success no matter what course he follows. 2. Even the best of masters is unpredictable.
Erendiz astr. Jupiter.
‘erg, -gi phys. erg.
2erg, -gi erg, a region of the Sahara desert covered with sand dunes, erganun mus. organ.
                                                            ergen 1. adolescent. 2. bachelor. — e karı boşaması kolaydır, proverb (A bachelor thinks it is easy to divorce a wife.) It is easy to talk. — olmak to be old enough to marry, ergene mineral deposit, ergenlik 1. adolescence. 2. bachelorhood. 3.
   acne common in adolescence, ergi attainment; success, ergime phys. fusion, ergimek phys. to fuse, melt, ergimiş phys. fused, molten. — maden fused metal.
ergin 1. mature, ripe, adult. 2. (s.o.) who has come of age, who has reached the age of discretion, of full legal age. erginlemek hi to enlighten, give knowledge to, initiate (s.o.). erginlenmek to be enlightened, be initiated, erginleşme 1. maturation, ripening. 2. coming of age, becoming of full legal age. erginleşmek 1. to mature, ripen. 2. to come of age, become of full legal age. erginlik 1. maturity, ripeness. 2. the status of being of full legal age, majority, ergitme phys. fusion, melting, ergitmek hi phys. to fuse, melt, ergonomi ergonomics, ergonomik ergonomic.
erguvan bot. Judas tree, redbud, Cercis sili-quastrum. erguvani (..— —) purple.
erguvanibalıkçıl (..------...) zool. purple heron,
   Ardea purpurea. erigen easily melting, highly dissolvable, erik plum. — ağacı bot. plum tree, Prunus
277                                               eritme
         domes tica. eriklik plum orchard.
      eriksi 1. plumlike. 2. bot. drupaceous (fruit).
         —      meyve drupe, stone fruit, eril gram, masculine, erillik gram, masculine gender.
      ‘erim range, distance that a thing can reach/ attain.
      2erim good news.
      3erim 1. term, fixed period of time. 2. due date;
         date of maturity, erime 1. melting, dissolution. 2. lysis. — ısısı melting temperature. — nçktası melting point.
      erimek 1. to melt, dissolve, become liquid. 2. to wear thin, grow threadbare. 3. to waste away, get thin and weak, become emaciated. 4. to be greatly embarrassed. 5. to come to an end, be finished; to disappear, erim erim used in: — erimek to be completely wasted, become emaciated, erimez insoluble, erimişlik path, cachexia, cachexy, erimli having a fixed term, payable on a specified date or within a specified length of time, erin pubescent, erincek prov. lazy.
      erinç peace of mind, freedom from anxiety, tranquility, repose, quiet, comfort, rest, ease, erinçli peaceful, free from anxiety, tranquil, reposeful, at ease, erinçsiz restless, uneasy, troubled, erinçsizlik disquiet, unrest, uneasiness, eringen prov., see erincek. eringin prov., see erincek. erinlik puberty.
      erinmek prov. to be too lazy to do something, erir soluble, erirlik solubility, eristik phil. eristic.
      erişilmek /a/ impersonal passive 1. to reach, arrive at. 2. to attain, achieve (a goal). 3. comp, to access, erişim 1. reaching, arriving, arrival. 2. communications. 3. comp, access. 4. sports record (the highest achievement). — zamanı comp. access time, erişkin adult, mature, erişkinlik adulthood, maturity, erişmek 1. /a/ to reach, arrive at. 2. /a/ to attain, achieve (a goal). 3. /a/ to reach, be long enough to reach. 4. /a/ comp, to access. 5. to ripen, mature. 6. (for a time) to come, erişmen sports record holder, erişte (./.) homemade macaroni, eriştirmek /ı, a/ to convey (s.t.) to; to bring (s.t.) to.
      eriten chem. 1. (a) solvent. 2. solvent, dissolving.
      eritici solvent, dissolvent, dissolving, eritilmek 1. to be melted, be dissolved. 2. (for money/wealth) to be squandered, be used up. eritme melting, dissolving. — peynir process
eritmek
 278
erselik
   cheese, processed cheese, eritmek /ı/ 1. to melt, dissolve. 2. colloq. to squander, throw away (one’s wealth), use up (all the money). 3. colloq. to devastate, destroy (s.o.). 4. colloq. to emaciate.
Eritre (./.) 1. Eritrea. 2. Eritrean, of Eritrea. Eritreli (./..) 1. (an) Eritrean. 2. Eritrean (person).
eritrosit, -ti biol. erythrocyte, eriyik chem. solution.
erk, -ki 1. power, strength, capacity, capability.
   2.     power, might, strength. 3. influence, power, weight. 4. rule, government, -cracy, -ocracy, -acy, -cy, -archy. erkân (.—) 1. great men, high officials. 2. rules of conduct.
erkânıharp, -bi (.—..) mil. a general staff officer, erke energy.
erkeç he-goat, billy goat, erkeçsakalı, -nı (./...) bot. goatsbeard, Spiraea aruncus.
erkek 1. man; male. 2. colloq. manly, courageous, virile, macho. 3. colloq. honest and true. 4. prov. husband. 5. good, hard (iron/ copper). 6. mech., carpentry male. — anahtar solid-stemmed key. — Ayşe colloq., see erkek Fatma. — canlısı colloq. man-chaser, woman who is always running after men. —li dişili colloq., see erkekli kadınlı. — erkeğe colloq. man-to-man. — Fatma colloq. tomboy. — gibi colloq. mannish. — iğnecik naut. pintle of a rudder. — li kadınlı colloq. including both men and women, —in kalbine giden yol midesinden geçer. proverb The way to a man’s heart is through his stomach. — kardeş brother. — kopça a hook for an eye. — koyun kasap dükkânına yakışır, proverb (A ram is fit for the butcher shop.) A good-for-nothing man is not fit to live. — olmak 1. to change sex and become a man. 2. to become mannish. — oyuncu actor. — sel, kadın göl. proverb (The man is a flood, the woman a lake.) It takes a woman to keep a man from wasting money.
erkekçe (./.) 1. manly. 2. in a manly manner, manfully.
erkekçil man-chasing, (woman) always running after men. erkeklenmek to act like a bully, erkekleşmek 1. to become mannish. 2. (for a boy) to show signs of maturity, erkeklik 1. masculinity. 2. colloq. courage, manly behavior. 3. colloq. sexual potency, virility.
   —   organı penis. — öldü mü? colloq. Has manly behavior gone out of fashion? (said by s.o. preparing to perform a manly deed).
   —   sende kalsm! colloq. Behave like a gentleman (and don’t be a part of anything mean or underhanded).
erkekorgan (./..) bot. stamen, erkeksi tomboyish, mannish (woman).
erken early. — bunama schizophrenia, erkence rather early, a little early, somewhat early.
erkenci early riser; early comer, erkenden (/..) early, very early, erkete (./.) slang the job of a burglar’s look -out man.
erketeci (./..) slang look-out man (for a burglar/a cheat), erkin free, unrestricted; liberal. — inceleme freethinking. erkinci liberal, supporter of laissez-faire, erkincilik liberalism, laissez-faire, noninterference, erkinlik freedom.
erkinlikçi supporter of laissez-faire, erkli powerful, erklilik power, powerfulness, erksizlik anarchy, erktekelci (/...) totalitarian, erkyurt (/.) state; government, erleşme virilism, erleştiren viriligenic.
erlik 1. manliness, courage, bravery. 2. mil. duties of a common soldier. — içsalgısı bio-chem. androgen, ermek 1. /a/ to attain, achieve. 2. /a/ to reach, be long enough to reach. 3. to ripen, become ripe, mature. 4. to attain sainthood; to be spiritually enlightened, reach spiritual perfection. Erdiğine erer, ermediğine taş atar, colloq. He’s/She’s very quarrelsome. Ermeni 1. (an) Armenian. 2. Armenian (person).
    3. Armenian, of the Armenians.
Ermenice (../.) 1. Armenian, the Armenian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Armenian, Armenian. 3. Armenian (speech/writing); spoken in Armenian; written in Armenian. Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti, -ni the Republic of Armenia (formerly the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic), ermin zool. ermine, stoat, Mustela erminea. ermiş 1. one who has become one with God through self-denial. 2. saint. 3. (a) mystic, ermişlik 1. being one with God. 2. being a saint. 3. being a mystic, eroin heroin.
eroinci 1. maker of heroin. 2. seller/pusher of heroin. 3. heroin addict, eroinman heroin addict.
Eros mythology Eros (the Greek god of love), eros psych. Eros (the aggregate of sexual instincts and desires), erosal erotic, erosallık eroticism, erosçu erotic.
erosçuluk eroticism, erotism, erotik erotic.
erotizm eroticism, erotism, erozyon erosion.
erselik 1. (a) hermaphrodite, (an) androgyne, (a) bisexual. 2. bot. (a) hermaphrodite, (a) bisexual.
ersıvı
ersıvı (/..) semen, sperm, ersml (/..) seminal.
ersiz without a husband; without one’s husband.
ersizlik being without a husband, ersuyu, -nu (/.•) semen, sperm, ertak slang Let’s go.
                                                           erte the next, the following (day, week, etc.). erteleme 1. postponement, delaying. 2. rescheduling (a loan/a debt), ertelemek .hi 1. to postpone, delay. 2. to reschedule (a loan/a debt), ertelenme 1. being postponed, being delayed.
   2. being rescheduled, ertelenmek 1. to be postponed, be delayed. 2.
   (for a loan/a debt) to be rescheduled, ertelenmiş 1. postponed, delayed. 2. rescheduled (loan/debt), ertem politeness; modesty, ertesi 1. the next, the following (day, week, etc.): ertesi yıl the year after. 2. after, following: bayram ertesi after the Bairam. ervah (.—) obs. spirits, souls, —ma yuh/yuf olsun! colloq. Damn him/her! erzak, -ki provision, storable food, es mus. rest. — geçmek hi colloq. to skip over, skip by. esame (.—.) obs., see esami, esami (.— .) obs. names, —si okunmamak colloq. (for a person) to be ignored, esans essence, liquid perfume, esaret, -ti (.—.) 1. slavery. 2. captivity, esas 1. foundation, base, basis. 2. the true state (of a thing). 3. fundamental principle, essence, the essentials. 4. essential, real, basic, —a bağlamak /ı/ to base (a decision) on a principle or an established fact. — duruş mil. attention. — itibarıyla/olarak as a matter of fact, in principle, essentially, basically. — ı olmamak to be unfounded, be without foundation. — sermaye principal capital. — sözleşme articles of incorporation. — vaziyet mil., see esas duruş, esasen (.—'.) 1. fundamentally, basically, essentially, radically. 2. from the beginning. 3. as a matter of fact, to tell the truth. 4. anyhow.
esasi (.— —) fundamental, basic, essential, radical.
esaslanmak to become established, take root, esaslı 1. fundamental, basic, radical. 2. thoroughgoing, thorough, real, deep; sound, solid. 3. radically, thoroughly, esassız 1. unfounded, baseless. 2. false, untrue, esatir (.—.) obs. myths, mythology; legendary tales, legends, esef regret. — etmek /a/ to be sorry (for/about), regret, esefle regretfully, eseflenmek to be sorry, regret, eselemek beselemek colloq. to try all sorts of wiles (to get one’s own way), eseme logic.
279                                                    eski
      esen healthy, well, sound. — kalm. Good-bye. esenleme greeting.
      esenlemek 111 1. to greet. 2. to say good-bye to. esenleşmek 1. to greet each other. 2. to say good-bye to each other, esenleştirme rehabilitation, esenlik health, well-being, soundness, eser 1. work, opus, work of art. 2. trace, sign, mark, evidence. 3. result. — elementler trace elements, microelements, esericedit (./...) obs., used in: — kâğıdı foolscap.
      esermek /ı/ prov. to take care of. — besermek to produce with some effort, esham (.—) obs. 1. shares, stocks. 2. share certificates, stock certificates, stock. 3. bonds, esin 1. morning breeze. 2. inspiration, esindirmek /ı, a/ to inspire (s.o.) (to do s.t.). esinleme inspiration, inspiring, esinlemek III to inspire, esinlenim see esinlenme, esinlenme inspiration, being inspired, esinlenmek /dan/ to be inspired (by), eşinmek /dan/ see esinlenmek, esinti breeze; light wind, esintili breezy.
      ‘esir 1. slave. 2. prisoner of war, captive. — almaca children's game prisoner’s base.
          —   almak hi to take (s.o.) captive, capture.
          —   düşmek to be taken prisoner. — etmek 111 to take (s.o.) captive; to enslave. — olmak to be captured; to be enslaved. — i olmak Iml to be a slave to (s.o./s.t.). — pazarı slave market. — ticareti slave trade.
      2esir (.—) aether, ether, esirci slave trader, esircilik slave trade, esirgeme protection.
      esirgemek /ı, dan/ 1. protect (s.o./s.t.) (from).
          2.  to begrudge (s.o.) (s.t.), withhold (s.t.) from.
      esirgemez unstinting, esirgemezlik self-sacrifice, devotion, esirgenmek impersonal passive 1. /dan/ to be protected (from). 2. to be begrudged, be withheld.
      esirgeyici protective, esirlik captivity; slavery, esirme prov. ecstasy.
      esirmek prov. 1. to get drunk. 2. to go into an ecstasy, become ecstatic. 3. to go mad, go out of one’s mind. 4. to blow one’s top. eskatologya (.../.) eschatology. eski 1. old, ancient. 2. former, ex-; veteran. 3. old, worn-out; secondhand. 4. past events, what went before. — ağıza yeni taam/ kaşık, colloq. New food for an old mouth (said when eating s.t. for the first time that season). E— Ahit the Old Testament. — çamlar bardak oldu, colloq. Times have changed ./Things are not what they used to be. — defterleri karıştırmak/yoklamak colloq. to bring up old issues, delve into the
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    past. — dost düşman olmaz, yenisinden vefa gelmez, proverb (An old friend will not become an enemy and a new friend will not be loyal.) You should rely on old friends, not on new ones. — düşman dost olmaz (olsa da dürüst olmaz), proverb An old enemy will never be a real friend. — enayi biçimi slang outdated clothes; out of fashion. — eserler antiques, antiquities, —si gibi the way it used to be. — göz ağrısı colloq. an old flame. — hale getirme law complete restitution. — hamam eski tas. colloq. Nothing has changed; it’s business as usual. — hayratı da berbat etmek colloq. to make something worse by trying to improve it. —ye itibar olsa/olsaydı bitpazarma nur yağardı, proverb, see Eskiye rağbet olsa/ olsaydı bitpazarma nur yağardı, —si kadar as much as before. — kafalı colloq. old -fashioned (person). — köye yeni âdet colloq. unwelcome innovation. — kulağı kesik slang 1. old woman-chaser. 2. one who has experienced much. — kurt colloq. old hand.
    —  memur slang 1. repeater, a student who has repeated most of his/her classes. 2. one who has experienced much, —si olmayanın yenisi/acarı olmaz, proverb (Those who have no old clothes can’t possibly have new ones.) Clothes only stay new if they are saved for special occasions. — pabuç colloq. trifle. — püskü colloq. old and battered -looking, shabby, —ye rağbet olsa/olsaydı bitpazarma nur yağardı, proverb If old things were in fashion light from heaven would illuminate the flea market. — toprak colloq. healthy and well-preserved older person. — tüfek colloq. person with a lot of experience, old hand. — zamanlarda 1. in the past, in the old days. 2. in ancient times, in antiquity.
eskice rather old.
eskici 1. junkman, itinerant buyer of junk, Brit. rag-and-bone-man; old-clothesman. 2. shoe repairman, cobbler, eskicil archaic.
eskicilik 1. dealing in junk. 2. repairing shoes.
eskiçağ (./.) prehistoric period.
eskiden formerly, in the old days, in the past.
    —  beri since time immemorial, all along, for a long time past. — kalma long-standing.
Eskidünya (./.-) the Old World, eskil archaic; old.
eskiler 1. the ancients. 2. old things, eskileşmek to become old, wear out. eskilik oldness, agedness, eskimek 1. (for s.t.) to become worn-out, become old. 2. to grow old (while working at one job).
Eskimo (./.) 1. Eskimo, the Eskimo people. 2. (an) Eskimo. 3. Eskimo, Eskimoan, of the Eskimos.
Eskimoca (./..) 1. Eskimo, the Eskimo lan-
   guage. 2. (speaking/writing) in Eskimo, Eskimo. 3. Eskimoan (speech/writing); spoken in Eskimo; written in Eskimo, eskişehirtaşı, -m (./....) meerschaum, sepiolite. eskitilmek to be used up or worn out. eskitmek /ı/ to wear to pieces, use up. eskivarlikbilim (./....) paleontology, eskiyazi (./..) 1. ancient writing. 2. Turkish written in Arabic characters. 3. written in Arabic characters. — bilgisi paleography, eskiz preliminary sketch, eskrim sports fencing, eskrimci sports fencer, eslek prov. obedient.
                             eslemek III prov. 1. to mind, heed, pay attention to, listen to. 2. to watch secretly, spy on. esma (.—) obs. names. —yı üstüne sıçratmak colloq. to look for trouble, bring trouble upon
   o.s.
esme 1. blowing (of wind). 2. prov., path. aura, esmek 1. (for wind) to blow. 2. /a/ (for an idea) to come suddenly to (one’s mind). Eser ama yağmaz, colloq. (It blows, but it doesn’t rain.) 1. His/Her bark is worse than his/her bite. 2. He/She makes lots of promises, but he/she doesn’t keep them, esip savurmak 1. to blow and raise the dust. 2. to storm and bluster.
esmer 1. darkskinned, swarthy; brunette. 2. dark, brown. — e al bağla, karşısına geç ağla. proverb (Dress the brunette in red, then look at her and .weep.) Red does not suit brunettes.
esmeramber (./..) ambergris, esmerküf (./.) bot. a dark mold, mildew, Mucor mucedo.
esmerküfler (./..) bot. Mucoraceae. esmerleşmek to brown, tan, become tan. esmerlik swarthiness.
esmerpelikan (./...) zool. brown pelican, Pele-canus occidentalis. esmersuyosunlan, -m (./.....) bot. Phaeophyta. esna (.—) interval, course, time: o esnada then, at that time, esnaf 1. obs. trades, guilds. 2. tradesman, small -scale retailer, street hawker; artisan; tradesmen; artisans. 3. slang prostitute. 4. slang pander. — ağzı sales talk. — loncası guild, esnaflık the work of a tradesman, esnek elastic, pliant, flexible. — döviz kuru sistemi flexible exchange rate system. — zaman flextime, flexitime, esneklik elasticity, flexibility, esneme 1. yawn. 2. stretch, stretching, esnemek 1. to yawn; to gape. 2. to stretch and recover shape. 3. (for s.t.) to bend, give, esnetme 1. /ı/ making (s.o.) yawn. 2. /i/ stretching (s.t.). 3. stretching exercise esnetmek /ı/ 1. to make (s.o.) yawn. 2.'to stretch (s.t.). 3. to bore, tire, espas print, space.
Esperanto (../.) Esperanto.
esperi zool. hobby, a small falcon, Falco sub-
espressivo                                           281
   buteo.
espressivo          rnus. espressivo,
espri witty remark, witticism. — yapmak to make a witty remark, esprili witty.
‘esrar 1. mystery. 2. secrets. — perdesi colloq.
   a curtain of secrecy, concealment.
2esrar hashish. — çekmek to smoke hashish.
   —   kabağı/nargilesi hubble-bubble (for smoking hashish). — tekkesi hashish smokers’ den.
esrarcı 1. producer of hashish. 2. seller/pusher of hashish. 3. hashish smoker, hashish addict.
esrarengiz (.— ..) mysterious, esrarengizlik (.— ...) mysteriousness, mystery, air of mystery, esrarkeş hashish smoker, hashish addict, esrarkeşlik hashish smoking, hashish addiction, ‘esrarlı mysterious.
2esrarli having hashish in it. esrarotu, -nu (./..) bot., see kenevir, esre the vowel point in Arabic script indicating a short i or i. esri see esrik.
esrik 1. drunk. 2. ecstatic, enraptured. — devenin çulu eğri gerek, proverb (A drunken camel’s blanket slips out of place.) People should behave like their real selves, esriklik 1. drunkenness. 2. ecstasy, being ecstatic, esrilik see esriklik, esrime 1. drunkenness. 2. ecstasy, esrimek 1. to get drunk. 2. to go into an ecstasy, become ecstatic, esritme fıf 1. making (s.o.) drunk, intoxication.
   2.     making (s.o.) ecstatic, enrapturing, esritmek /if 1. to make (s.o.) drunk, intoxicate.
   2.     to make (s.o.) ecstatic, enrapture, essah prov. real, true, actual, esselamünaleyküm (..— ....) Peace be with you!
   (a greeting used by some Muslims). estağfurullah (./...) (I ask pardon of God.)
   1.     Not at all ./Don’t mention it (said in reply to an expression of thanks). 2. Please don’t say such a thing (said when s.o. either criticizes himself/her self or praises you). estamp, -pi art print, engraving, estampaj art estampage. estek köstek (./ ..) used in: — etmek colloq. to make all sorts of excuses to get out of doing something, ester chem. ester, esterleşme chem. esterification. esterleşmek chem. to esterify, esterize. estetik 1. aesthetics, esthetics. 2. aesthetic, esthetic. 3. colloq. cosmetic operation. 4. colloq. plastic operation. — ameliyat surg.
   1.  cosmetic operaticfri. 2. plastic operation.
   —   cerrahi 1. cosmetic surgery, decorative surgery. 2. plastic surgery. — cerrahi uzmanı 1. cosmetic surgeon. 2. plastic surgeon.
estetikçi 1. aesthetician, esthetician. 2. colloq.
                                                                                                        eşek
    cosmetic surgeon. 3. colloq. plastic surgeon, estetikçilik aestheticism, estheticism. estetizm see estetikçilik, estirmek fil to (cause to) blow, estomp, -pu art stump (for shading).
 Estonya (./.) 1. Estonia. 2. Estonian, of Estonia. Estonyali (./..) 1. (an) Estonian. 2. Estonian (person).
 esvap clothes; garment; dress; suit, esvaplık material for making clothes, eş 1. one of a pair, mate, fellow. 2. match, equal, like, double, duplicate, counterpart.
    3. husband; wife; mate, spouse. 4. mate (of an animal). 5. friend, companion. 6. prov. afterbirth, placenta. 7. partner (in a game).
    —      anamaya biochem. coenzyme. — i benzeri olmamak colloq. to be unique. — dost colloq. friends and acquaintances. — i olmamak colloq., see eşi benzeri olmamak. — tutmak h! colloq. to choose (s.o.) as a partner (in a game), eşaçılı (/...) geom. equiangular, isogonal, iso-gonic.
 eşanlam (/..) synonym, eşanlamlı (/...) synonymous, eşanlamlılık (/....) synonymy, synonymity, eşanlı (/..) simultaneous. — çıktı comp, simultaneous output. — denklemler math, simultaneous equations. — girdi comp, simultaneous input. — göstergeler econ. coinciding indicators. — işlem comp, simultaneous processing, eşarp scarf, head scarf, eşas stilt (for walking), eşbacaklılar (/....) zool. Isopoda. eşbasınç (/..) 1. isobar. 2. isobaric. — eğrisi isobar, isobaric line, eşbaskı (/..) reprint, eşbiçim (/••) isomorph. eşbiçimli (/...) isomorphous, isomorphic, eşbiçimlilik (/....) isomorphism, eşcinsel homosexual, eşcinsellik homosexuality.
 .eşdeğer (/..) 1. equivalence. 2. equivalent, eşdeğerli (/...) equivalent, eşdeğerlik (/...) equivalence, eşdeğersiz (/...) nonequivalent, eşdeğersizlik (/....) nonequivalence, nonequivalency.
 eşdeprem (/..) isoseismal, isoseismic. — eğrisi isoseismic line, eşek 1. zool. donkey, ass, Equus asinus. 2. colloq. ass, donkey, nitwit. — e altm semer vur-salar yine eşektir, proverb (Even if you put a golden saddle on its back, a donkey is still a donkey.) You can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear. — at olmaz, ciğer et olmaz. proverb (You can neither make a donkey into a horse, nor turn liver into meat.) You can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear. — başı vulg. ineffective leader, * shit-head. — başı mısın? vulg. Why don’t you use your authority? — başı mıyım? vulg. What do you
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take me for? — büyüdü, semeri küçüldü. colloq. The donkey has gotten bigger, whereas his saddle has gotten smaller (said about a child who has outgrown his/her clothes).
—   cenneti slang 1. the next world, the other world. 2. hell. 3. jail, clink, jug, cooler. — cilvesi colloq. coarse playful behavior. —e cilve yap demişler, çifte/tekme atmış, proverb (They asked the donkey to show its grace and it let fly with both hind feet.) A clumsy fool falls on his/her face trying to be graceful. — çamura çökerse sahibinden gayretlisi olmaz, proverb (If a donkey gets mired down, it is the owner who works hardest to free him/her.) It’s the proprietor who works hardest to get his/her business out of a scrape. — i dama çıkaran yine kendi indirir. proverb (A person who puts a donkey up on a roof has to get it down again himself/ herself.) One who does heavy work badly has to correct his/her own mistakes. — derisi gibi colloq. 1. very thick and coarse (skin).
2. unfeeling, insensitive. — i düğüne çağırmışlar, “Ya su lazımdır, ya odun,” demiş. proverb (When a donkey is invited to a wedding he/she can only think that people want him/her to carry wood or water.) A servant invited to a party thinks that he’s/she’s expected to wait on the guests, —ten düşmüş karpuza dönmek slang 1. to be shocked. 2. to find o.s. in trouble. — eşeği ödünç kaşır. proverb (A donkey scratches another donkey expecting recompense.) When an opportunist does a favor he/she expects something in return. — gibi vulg. asinine, coarse, thoughtless. —e gücü yetmeyip semerini dövmek colloq. to vent one’s fury on a less powerful person than the one in charge. — herifin damadı! vulg. You son-in-law of an ass! — hoşaftan ne anlar? (Suyunu içer, tanesini bırakır.) vulg. (What does a donkey know about compotes?) A coarse, ignorant person can’t appreciate fine things. — inadı vulg. pigheadedness, mulishness. — kadar vulg. grown up, mature, big. — kadar oldu. vulg. He’s/She’s big enough to know what’s what.
—   kafalı vulg. blockheaded, asinine. —, kulağı kesilmekle küheylan olmaz, proverb A donkey does not become a thoroughbred horse by getting his/her ears cut short.) You can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear.
—   kurdu wood louse. — kuyruğu gibi ne uzar, ne kısalır, colloq. (Like a donkey’s tail, it does not change its length.) It just stays the same. — lalesi gibi açılmak colloq. to be bold and impertinent. — oyunu colloq. horseplay. —in ölümü köpeğe düğündür. proverb (The death of a donkey is a feast for a dog.) What is a loss for one person may be a gain for another. — pastırması colloq. poor-quality preserved meat, —ini sağlam kazığa bağlamak see atını sağlam kazığa bağlamak. — sudan gelinceye ka-
   dar dövmek /ı/ colloq. to give (s.o.) a good thrashing. — şakası colloq. horseplay, coarse practical joke. — e ters bindirmek /i/ colloq. to expose (s.o.) to ridicule, make a laughingstock (of).
eşekarısı, -m (./...) zool. 1. wasp, Vespa. 2.
   hornet, Vespa crabro. eşekçe (./.) colloq. 1. stupidly. 2. asinine, utterly stupid (act). 3. coarsely, eşekçi donkey driver.
eşekdavası, -m (./---------.) geom. asses’ bridge,
   pons asinorum. eşekdikeni, -ni (./...) bot. cardoon, Cynara cardunculus. eşekhıyarı, -m (./...) bot. squirting cucumber, Ecballium elaterium. eşekkengeri, -ni (./...) bot. carline thistle, Car-lina vulgaris. eşekkulağı, -m (./...) bot. comfrey, Symphytum. eşeklenmek colloq., see eşekleşmek, eşekleşmek colloq. to behave like an ass, behave rudely, eşeklik colloq. 1. crass and rude behavior. 2.
   asininity, stupidity, eşekmarulu, -nu (./...) bot. sow thistle, Son-chus oleraceus. eşekotu, -nu (./..) bot. sainfoin, Onobrychis viciaefolia. eşeksırtı, -m (./..) gable roof, eşeksineği, -ni (./...) zool. forest fly, horsefly, Hippobosca equina. eşekturpu, -nu (./..) bot. wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum. eşekzeytini, -ni (./...) a kind of large olive, eşelek prov. core (of a fruit), eşelemek /ı/ 1. to scratch, scrabble. 2. to delve into, investigate, eşelenmek 1. to be scratched, be scrabbled. 2. to scratch about. 3. to be delved into, be investigated, eşelmobil sliding scale, eşetkinlik (/...) med. synergism, eşey sex.
eşeyli sexual, having sex. eşeysel sexual, relating to sex. eşeysiz 1. sexless, asexual. 2. bot. agamic, agamous. eşgüdüm (/..) coordination, eşgüdümcü (/...) coordinator, eşgüdümlemek III to coordinate, eşgüdümlü (/...) coordinated, eşgüdümsel (/...) coordinative. eşhas (.—) obs. characters (of a play/a novel), dramatis personae, eşhedü ‘I bear witness.’ (a religious formula).
   —   billah! by God! — en la ilahe illallah. Islam I bear witness that there is no god but God.
eşik 1. threshold. 2. bridge (of a stringed instrument). —ini aşındırmak /m/ colloq. to frequent (a place), —ine gelmek /m/ colloq. to petition, —ine yüz sürmek Iml colloq. to grovel and plead before (s.o.).
eşilme
eşilme 1. (of soil) being scratched, being dug lightly. 2. being researched and investigated, eşilmek 1. (for the soil) to be scratched, be dug lightly. 2. to be researched and investigated, eşineğitim (./...) coeducation, eşinmek to scratch, scrabble, or paw the earth, eşinzamalı (./..) synchronous, eşinzamanlık (./...) synchronism, eşit, -ti 1. equal; the same. 2. math, equals, is equal to.
eşitçenetli (./...) zool. bivalve, bivalved, bi-valvous.
eşitçi 1. egalitarian. 2. (an) egalitarian, eşitçilik egalitarianism, eşitlemek h! to make equal, equalize, eşitlenmek to be made equal, be equalized, eşitleşme equalization, becoming equal, eşitleşmek to equalize, become equal, eşitleştirmek hi to make equal, equalize, eşitlik equality. — derecesi gram, a comparison equivalent to “as ... as.” — eki gram, a suffix implying comparison, eşitlikçi 1. egalitarian. 2. (an) egalitarian, eşitlikçilik egalitarianism, eşitsiz unequal, eşitsizlik inequality.
eşkâl, -li (.—) 1. features and appearance (of s.o ./s.t.). 2. shapes, figures, eşkanatlı (/...) zool. homopterous. eşkanatlılar (/....) zool. Homoptera. eşkenar geom. equilateral. — dörtgen equilateral quadrangle. — paralelyiiz rhombo-hedron. — üçgen equilateral triangle, eşkıya (..—) 1. bandits, brigands. 2. bandit, brigand. —nın düşkünü, beyaz giyer kış günü. proverb (A bandit who has fallen on hard times wears summer clothes in the winter.)
    1.   When a person who dresses elegantly falls on hard times, he/she has to forget about elegance and wear anything he/she can find, no matter how ragged or ugly it is. 2. When a person comes down in the world, he/she becomes an object of ridicule for many people. — gibi colloq. wild-looking (person), eşkıyalık (..— .) banditry, brigandage, eşkin trotting (horse).
eşkoşmak (/..) /a/ to attribute a partner to (God).
eşlek astr. celestial equator, eşlem copy.
eşleme 1. pairing. 2. cin., comp, synchronization, eşlemek hi 1. to pair, match. 2. cin., comp, to synchronize, eşlemeli cin. synchronized, eşlemesiz cin. unsynchronized, eşlemyazma (./..) copy (of a manuscript), eşlenik math, proportional, proportionate, eşlenme being matched, eşlenmek to be matched, eşleşmek 1. (for people) to become partners, pair off (in a game). 2. (for animals) to mate with each other, pair, eşleştirme matching.
                                                                                                       et
eşleştirmek III to match, eşleyici cin., comp, synchronizer, eşlik 1. accompaniment. 2. comp, parity. — biti comp, parity bit. — denetimi comp, parity checking. — etmek /a/ to accompany, eşme 1. scratching, digging (the soil) lightly.
    2. researching and investigating. 3. prov. spring, fountainhead; water hole.
                                                          ‘eşmek hi 1. to scratch, dig (the soil) lightly. 2.
    to research and investigate.
2eşmek (for a horse) to trot, eşmerkezli (/...) concentric, eşofman 1. sweat suit, warm-up suit, jogging suit. 2. sports warm-up; warm-up period; warm-up exercises. — yapmak to warm up, do warm-up exercises, eşraf (.—) notables of a town/a village, eşref obs. most noble, most honorable. — saati colloq. 1. opportune time, just the right time (for a job, deal, etc.). 2. propitious moment, most favorable moment, the right moment (to ask s.o. to do s.t.). eşsesli (/..) gram, homonymic, homonymous, homophonous. eşsıcak (/..) isothermal. — eğrisi isotherm, isothermal line, eşsiz 1. unmatched, unequaled, unique, peerless.
    2.    without a mate, single, unwed. 3. single, separate, alone. 4. unmated (animal). 5. (s.t.) without its mate, unpaired, eşsizlik 1. uniqueness, peerlessness. 2. being without a mate, eşşoğlu eşek (./.) vulg. You ass!/Son of a bitch! ‘eştirmek /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) scratch/dig (the soil) lightly.
2eştirmek hi to trot (a horse), eşya (.—) 1. things, belongings. 2. furnishings, (household) goods, furniture. 3. luggage, baggage. 4. goods, eşyalı (.—.) furnished.
eşyükselti (/...) geog. having the same elevation. — eğrisi contour line, eşzaman (/..) 1. synchronous, synchronic. 2. simultaneous.
eşzamanlama (/....) synchronization, synchronizing.
                                                          eşzamanlamak (/....) hi to synchronize, eşzamanlı (/...) 1. synchronous, synchronic. 2. simultaneous. — dilbilim synchronic linguistics. — işlem comp, simultaneous processing, eşzamanlıkk (/....) 1. synchronism. 2. simultaneousness, simultaneity, et, -ti 1. flesh. 2. meat. 3. fleshy part of fruit, pulp, sarcocarp. — bağlamak colloq. 1. to gain weight. 2. (for a wound) to close. — baltası meat cleaver. — beni a small fatty excrescence on the body. — bezi gland. — i budu yerinde colloq. plump. — can tutmamak colloq. to stay thin, not to gain weight.
    —  çalığı path, botulism, —ine dolgun colloq. plump, nicely filled out. —inden et ko-parmak/kesmek /in/ colloq. to pain, hurt, cause pain (to). — e gömülmek (for a toe-
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    nail) to become ingrown. — kafalı colloq. blockheaded, stupid. — kanlı gerek, yiğit canlı, proverb Just as meat should be served rare, a young man should be energetic. — kokarsa tuzlanır; ya tuz kokarsa ne yapılır? proverb (If the meat goes bad you salt it, but if the salt spoils what can you do?) If the means go bad the project is hopeless. — kurdu flyblow, maggot in meat. — lokması a meat dish. —i ne, budu ne? colloq. 1. After all he’s/she’s just a child. 2. He’s/She’s out of his/her depth. — ne kadar arık olsa ekmek üstünde yaraşır, proverb (No matter how meager the meat is, it’s still better than bread.) A person who is educated deserves a better position than one who isn’t.
   —i senin, kemiği benim, colloq. (His/Her flesh is yours; his/her bones are mine.) Be as rough as you want with him/her./Don’t spare the rod! (said by a parent to a teacher or master workman). — suyu 1. broth of meat, bouillon, stock. 2. gravy. — tahtası chopping block (for meat). — le tırnak arasına girilmez, proverb (One should not penetrate the area between fingernail and finger.) One should not interfere in the family matters of others. — tırnaktan ayrılmaz, proverb (A fingernail cannot be separated from the finger.) You can’t separate close relatives or friends. — le tırnak gibi colloq. buddy-bud-dy, closely attached (bosom buddies). — tırnak olmak colloq. to become close relatives. — tutmak colloq. to gain weight. — tutmamak colloq., see et can tutmamak.
   —   uru wen, fleshy tumor. — yemeği dish of meat.
etajer 1. whatnot, etagere. 2. (ceramic/glass) shelf (usually above a bathroom washbasin), etalon standard of weights and measures, etamin etamine, coarse muslin, etap 1. sports lap; (a) round (of matches/play -offs). 2. stage, juncture, point, etçi butcher, meatman, etçil carnivorous, etçiller zool. Carnivora. etçillik camivorousness. etek 1. skirt. 2. shirttail; coattail. 3. skirt, overhanging part (of a bedspread/a tablecloth).
   4.  foot (of a mountain). 5. slang private parts, genital area. 6. flashing (on roofs). — i ayağına dolaşmak colloq. to be clumsy because of excitement. —i belinde colloq. active, industrious (woman). — bezi a wrapping/a swaddling for an infant’s legs. — çekmek /dan/ colloq. to give up, abandon. — dolusu colloq. heaps (of), lots (of), —ine düşmek Iml colloq., see eteğine sarılmak, —i düşük colloq. dirty and slovenly looking (woman).
   —   etek colloq. heaps (of), loads (of), —ini göstermez colloq. very modest, virtuous (woman), —leri ıslık çalmak colloq., see etekleri zil çalmak. — kiri colloq. illicit relationship (of a woman). — i kirlenmek col-
    loq. (for a woman) to be defiled, be sullied.
   —   öpmek colloq. to flatter someone, toady.
   —   öpmekle ağız aşınmaz, proverb (The mouth is not worn out by kissing a skirt.) There is no harm in being respectful (to a superior), —ine sarılmak Iml colloq. to entreat, implore. —i savruk colloq. untidy, sloppy, —ine sığınmak Iml colloq., see eteğine yapışmak. — silkmek /dan/ colloq. to break off relations (with). — silmesi foundation course. — i temiz colloq. chaste, modest (woman). — lerini toplamak colloq. to gather up one’s skirts, —leri tutuşmak colloq. to be exceedingly alarmed, —ine yapışmak Iml colloq. to take refuge behind, seek protection in (s.o.). —leri zil çalmak colloq. to be overjoyed.
eteklemek hi 1. to kiss (s.o.’s) skirt. 2. to flatter.
etekli 1. skirted. 2. wearing a skirt, eteklik 1. skirt. 2. material for a skirt. 3. overhanging part, skirt, etelemek used in: — betelemek hi colloq. to mistreat, treat (s.o.) badly, eten prov. 1. anat. placenta. 2. the edible part of fruit, etene anat. placenta.
eteneli placentate, placental, placentalian. etenesiz aplacental. eter chem. ether.
eterlemek hi to administer ether (to), etherize, eterleşmek chem. to become an ether, eternit, -ti roofing material made of asbestos and cement, etfal, -li (.—) obs. children, etıbba (..—) obs. doctors.
Eti (/.) hist., see Hitit.
etik 1. ethics. 2. ethical, of ethics.
etiket, -ti 1. label, tag, sticker. 2. etiquette.
etiketlemek III to label, tag.
etiketlenmek to be labeled, be tagged.
etiketli labeled, having a tag.
etil chem. ethyl.
etilalkol, -lü (./..) chem. ethyl alcohol.
etilen chem. ethylene.
etimolog etymologist.
etimoloji etymology.
etimolojik etymological.
etioloji etiology.
Etiyopya (../.) 1. Ethiopia. 2. Ethiopian, of Ethiopia.
EtiyopyalI (../..) 1. (an) Ethiopian. 2. Ethiopian (person).
etkanat (/..) zool. leather-winged bat, Noc-tulina altivolans. etken 1. factor, agent. 2. chem. active. 3. effective. 4. gram, active. — eylem gram, active verb.
etkenlik 1. effectiveness. 2. phot, actinism, etkesimi, -ni (/...) the carnival season (preceding Lent), etkırımı, -m (/...) see etkesimi. etki 1. effect, influence. 2. impression.
etkileme
285
etüt
etkileme affecting, influence, influencing, etkilemek hi to affect, influence, have influence on.
etkilenme being affected, being influenced, etkilenmek to be affected, be influenced, etkileşim interaction, reciprocal influence, etkileşimli interactive. — işlem comp, interactive processing. — sistem comp, interactive system, etkileşimsel interactional, interactive, etkileşme see etkileşim, etkileşmek to interact, influence each other, etkileyici effective, influential, etkili effective, efficacious, effectual, influential. — olmak to be effective, etkililik effectiveness, efficacy, etkime chem. action, effect, etkimek /a/ chem. to act on. etkin 1. active, dynamic, taking part in activities. 2. active, functioning. 3. phil., chem. active. 4. efficient, etkinci phil. 1. (an) activist. 2. activist, activistic. etkincilik phil. activism, etkinleme hi activation, activating, make (s.t.) radioactive! — çözümlemesi/analizi activation analysis, etkinlemek hi to activate, make (s.t.) radioactive.
etkinleşme becoming active, activation, etkinleşmek to become active, activate, etkinleştirmek hi to activate, make (s.t.) active, etkinlik 1. activity, being active. 2. activity, a specific sphere of action. 3. efficiency, etkisiz ineffective, inefficacious, ineffectual, noninfluential. etkisizleşme becoming ineffective/inefficacious/ ineffectual.
etkisizleşmek to become ineffective/inefficacious/ineffectual, etkisizleştirme making (s.o./s.t.) ineffective;
    neutralization, etkisizleştirmek hi to make (s.o./s.t.) ineffective; to neutralize, etkisizlik ineffectiveness, inefficaciousness, ineffectuality, being noninfluential. etlenmek to get fat, get plump, become rotund, etli 1. containing meat, cooked with pieces of meat. 2. meaty, fleshy (animal). 3. plump, rotund, corpulent (person). 4. thick, full, rounded. 5. fleshy, pulpy (fruit). 6. succulent (plant). — bitki succulent plant, succulent. — börek pastry filled with small chunks of meat, meat pie. — butlu colloq. plump (woman). — canlı colloq. plump and robust. — ekmek flat bread baked together with small chunks of meat and tomatoes. — meyve fleshy and juicy fruit; succulent fruit, —ye sütlüye karışmamak colloq. to avoid getting involved. — yaprak bot. fleshy leaf, etlik 1. fattened (animal). 2. meat tray in a refrigerator.
                                                              etme the action of doing (s.t.), execution. — bulma dünyası, proverb This is a world
                                                             where you have to pay for your misdeeds, etmek, -der auxiliary verb 1. hi to do, make.
   2. h! to do (well/wrong). 3. hi to reach (a time). 4. /i, dan/ to deprive (s.o.) of (s.t.).
   5. hi math, to equal, make. 6. hi to be worth.
   7.     hi to amount to, make. 8. /a/ to wrong, treat (s.o.) unjustly. 9. /a/ to soil/wet (one’s underpants, bed, etc.). etmediğini bırakmamak colloq. to do all the harm one can. ettiğini bulmak/çekmek colloq. to get one’s deserts. Eden bulur, inleyen ölür. (Etme bulursun, inleme ölürsün.) proverb (A person gets back what he/she gives, just as a moaning patient dies.) You reap what you sow. Etme eyleme! colloq. Please don’t do it!/ Come on now, stop it! ettiği hayır ürküttüğü kurbağaya değmemek colloq. to be more of a hindrance than a help; to cause more harm than good, ettiği ile kalmak colloq. to be left with nothing but the shame of it (when a design against another has not come off), etmediğini komamak colloq., see etmediğini bırakmamak. Etme yahu! colloq. Is that so?/You must be kidding, ettiğini yanma bırakmamak /in/ colloq. to get revenge on (s.o.), not to let (s.o.) get away with something. ettiği yanma (kâr) kalmak colloq. to get away with a bad deed, etmen factor, agent, etnik ethnic, ethnical, etnograf (./.) ethnographer, etnografya (../.) ethnography, etnolog ethnologist, etnoloji ethnology, etobur carnivorous, etoburlar zool. Carnivora. etoburluk carnivorousness, etol, -lü (woman’s) stole, etraf 1. sides; surroundings, area around/near.
   2. associates, friends. — ma Iml around: Masanın etrafına dizildiler. They lined up around the table, —mda Iml around: Evin etrafında bir bahçe var. There is a garden around the house. Ateşin etrafmda dönüyorlar. They are circling around the fire.
   —ım almak Iml colloq. to surround, —mda dört dönmek Iml colloq. to hover around, pay great attention to. etraflı 1. detailed, thorough. 2. in detail, thoroughly.
etraflıca (../.) in detail, thoroughly, etsineği, -ni (/...) zool. blowfly, flesh fly, meat fly, Sarcophaga carnaria. etsiz 1. meatless. 2. thin, lean, etşeftalisi, -ni (/.— ..) bot. clingstone peach, Prunus persica duracina. ettirgen gram, causative. — çatı causative. — eylem/fiil causative verb, ettirgenlik gram, causativeness, ettirmek /a/ to have (s.o.) do/make (s.t.). ettoprak (/..) prov. soft, reddish-brown, and rich soil.
                                                            etüt 1. study, research. 2. preliminary study. 3.
etüv
286
evham
   (a) study, treatise. 4. study period. 5. study hall. — etmek hi to make a study of, do re-search on, prepare a treatise on. etüv 1. sterilizer. 2. drying oven. 3. incubator (for microorganisms).
Et ve Balık Kurumu, -nu State Corporation for the Production and Distribution of Meat and Fish Products, etyaran path, deep-seated whitlow, deep felon, etyemez 1. (a) vegetarian. 2. vegetarian, etyemezlik vegetarianism.
Euro Euro (Eurodollar).
Eurodolar Eurodollar. — piyasası Eurodollar market.
Europazar Euromarket, ev 1. house, home, dwelling. 2. institution, house, home. 3. club, center, social hall. 4. house, commercial establishment. 5. family, household. — açmak colloq. 1. to set up a house, move in. 2. to get married and set up housekeeping. — adamı colloq. family man.
   —   alanla evlenene Allah yardım eder. proverb God helps newlyweds and people who buy houses. — alma, komşu al. proverb (Choose your neighbors rather than the house.) Neighbors are of first importance.
   —   altı ground floor of a house used as a granary and stable. — de arama law house search. — bakmak colloq. to look for a house. — e bakmak colloq. 1. to take care of the family, care for a household. 2. to look after a house, watch over a house. 3. to keep house. — bark colloq. 1. home, everything that makes up a home; household, family. 2. house, place where one lives. — bark sahibi colloq. married man. — basmak to raid a house. — bekçiliği etmek colloq. to be always at home. — bozmak colloq. to break up a home, —in direği colloq. pillar of a home, mainstay of a family. — ekmeği homemade bread. — eşyası furniture, effects.
   —   ev from house to house. — i ev eden avrat (yurdu şen eden devlet), proverb It is the wife who makes a house a home. — gailesi colloq. worries of a house and family.
   —e gitmek to go home. — halkı household, family. — hayvanı domestic animal, —deki hesap çarşıya uymaz, proverb (The estimate made at home does not work out in the market.) Not everything works out exactly the way you expect it will. — e hırsız girdikten sonra kapıya kilit takmak colloq. to lock the barn door after the horse is stolen.
   —lerden ırak ...! colloq. May it not happen to anybody!/May it not befall you! — idaresi
   1. the management of a household. 2. home economics. — işi housework. — işletmek to run a brothel. — kadını 1. housewife. 2. colloq. a good housekeeper, a good housewife. —de kalmak 1. to stay home. 2. colloq. to be an old maid. — kirası rent, house rent. — kumaşı homemade material. — ödevi homework (assigned to a pupil/â student).
   —deki pazar çarşıya uymaz, proverb, see Evdeki hesap çarşıya uymaz, —in reisi law head of the house, head of the family. — sahibesi 1. hostess. 2. landlady. — sahibi 1. host. 2. landlord. — sahibinin bir evi var, evsizin/kiracmm bin evi var. proverb, see Evlinin bir evi var, evsizin/kiracmm bin evi var. — sahibi mülk sahibi, hani bunun ilk sahibi? proverb (He/She has a house and property, but what about the people who had these before him/her?) You can’t take it with you. — sanatları domestic arts and crafts.
   —i sırtında colloq. homeless; vagabond. (...) —lere şenlik! colloq. 1. What a disaster!/ What a bungle! 2. May it not happen to anybody !/May it not befall you! — tutmak to rent a house, —lerden uzak ...! colloq., see Evlerden ırak ...! — yemeği homemade food. — yeni, duvar yeni, eleğim seni nerelere asayım? colloq. One’s old possessions look out of place amidst a lot of newly acquired things, evaze flaring, flared (skirt), eve see eviç.
evce '(/.) colloq., see evcek, evcek (/.) colloq. with the whole family, evci 1. weekday boarder. 2. soldier who goes home on his free days. — çıkmak to go home on the weekend or on a free day. evcil domestic, domesticated, tame, evcilik children's game playing house, evcilleşme domestication, becoming tame, evcilleşmek to domesticate, become domestic, become tame, evcilleştirilme domestication, being domesticated, being tamed, evcilleştirilmek to be domesticated, be tamed, evcilleştirme domestication, domesticating, taming.
evcilleştirmek /ı/ to domesticate, tame, evcimen 1. devoted to one’s family, domestic.
   2.    skilled in housekeeping, excelling in housework, evç see eviç.
evdemonizm phil. eudemonism. evdeş housemate.
evdirmek hi 1. to hurry, urge on. 2. to accelerate, evecen impatient, impulsive, evecenlik impatience, impulsiveness, evedi prov. 1. haste, hurry. 2. hasty. 3. urgent, pressing.
eveğen 1. impatient, impulsive. 2. acute (illness), evelemek gevelemek III colloq. to mumble, hem and haw.
evermek hi prov. to marry off (one’s son/ daughter).
evet, -ti yes, certainly. — efendimci yes-man. evetlemek 111 to verify, confirm; to affirm, evfaresi, -ni (/—..) zool. house mouse, Mus musculus. evgin prov. urgent, pressing, evham groundless apprehensions, anxieties;
 evhamlanmak
   hypochondria, —a kapılmak (— getirmek)
   to imagine the worst (needlessly); to be hypochondriac, evhamlanmak to imagine the worst (needlessly).
evhamlı apprehensive, full of anxieties; hypochondriac, evic see eviç.
eviç, -vci 1. obs. peak, summit, zenith, acme.
   2. classical Turk. mus. a makam. —i arz obs., astr. apogee. —i şems obs., astr. aphelion.
evin prov. 1. kernel. 2. essence, pith, evinli prov. fully developed (seed), evinsiz prov. undeveloped (seed), evirgen prov. efficient, effective, practical (person).
evirme 1. turning (s.t.) (around/about/over). 2. change, alteration, transforming. 3. log. conversion.
evirmek /ı/ 1. to turn, turn (s.t.) around/about/ over. 2. to change, alter, transform, evirip çevirmek 1. Ill to turn (s.t.) over and over, inspect (s.t.) carefully. 2. colloq. to evade the subject, evire çevire dövmek hi colloq. to thrash (s.o.) soundly, evirmelik 1. math, circle. 2. (government) department, evirtik chem. inverted, evirtim chem., phys. inversion, evirtmek III chem., phys. to invert, evkaf obs. 1. pious foundations; estates in mortmain. 2. the government department in control of estates in mortmain, evkırlangıcı, -ni (/....) zool. house martin, martin, Delichon urbica/Chelidon urbica. evla (.—) obs. 1. most suitable, best. 2. /dan/ better (than), evladiyelik (.— ...) very durable, fit to be an heirloom.
evlat 1. child; son; daughter. 2. children; offspring. E—! (/.) colloq. Hey, young one!/ Hey, youngster! E—ım! (.—.) colloq. My child!/My son!/My daughter! — acısı grief for one’s deceased child. —ı ben doğurdum, amma gönlünü ben doğurmadım, proverb (I gave birth to my child’s body, but not to his/her heart.) A child’s innate characteristics are with him/her at birth, not endowed him/ her later by his/her parents. — canlısı colloq. very fond of one’s children, —mı dövmeyen dizini döver, proverb (He/She who does not thrash his/her children will pound his/her knees.) He/She who does not spank his/her child will regret it. — edinmek hi to adopt (a child). —ü ıyal obs. wife and children, family. — sahibi olmak to become a parent, —in var mı, derdin var. proverb If you have children you have troubles, evlatlık adopted child; foster child, —a kabul etmek hi to adopt (a child), evlek 1. prov. furrow (in a field). 2. prov. a quarter of a dönüm. 3. prov. water channel, drain-
 287                                         evrenpulu
   age ditch. 4. slang a ten-lira bill, evlendirilmek /la/ to be married off (to), evlendirme performing a civil marriage. — dairesi marriage office, Brit, registry office.
    —  memuru official who performs and registers civil marriages.
 evlendirmek III 1. to marry off. 2. to marry (a couple) in a civil ceremony, evlenme marriage. -- kâğıdı marriage certificate. — mukavelesi marriage contract, marriage settlement. — teklifi proposal, proposal of marriage. — töreni marriage ceremony.
   —      vaadi promise of marriage, evlenmek 1. to get married. 2. /la/ to marry. —
    barklanmak colloq. to marry and have a family.
 evleviyetle (.../.) obs. urgently, with high priority.
 evli 1. married. 2. having (so many) houses.
    —  barklı colloq. married and having a family. —nin bir evi var, evsizin/kiracmm bin evi var. proverb A homeowner must live in the house he/she owns, but a renter has the choice of a thousand houses. — evine, köylü köyüne! colloq. Let’s break up and go home!
evlik having (so many) houses, evlilik state of being married, matrimony, wedlock. — birliği law conjugal community, evlilikdışı, -m (../..) illegitimate, unlawful, out of wedlock.
evliya (..—) Islam 1. saints. 2. mystics; dervishes. 3. a hallowed saint. — gibi colloq. saintly, gentle, evliyalık (..— .) sainthood; saintliness, evliyaotu, -nu (..—..) bot. sainfoin, Onobrychis viciaefolia. evmek prov. to hurry.
 evrak, -ki documents, papers. — çantası briefcase. — dolabı filing cabinet. — evrak obs. in sheets. — kalemi formerly record office, registry. — mahzeni formerly place where archives were kept, archives. — ı matbua obs., law printed publications. — ı metruke obs. papers left behind by a deceased person.
    —  müdürü keeper of archives in a state office, —i müsbite obs., law documents of proof. — olarak obs. in sheets. — ı resmiye obs. official documents. — ı umumiye obs. state archives.
evrat (.—) conventional prayers and verses of the Koran recited on certain occasions. — çekmek to chant the conventional prayers and verses of the Koran, evre phase, stage.
evren 1. universe, creation. 2. cosmos. 3. environment. 4. prov. dragon, monster. 5. prov. time. 6. prov. great; saintly. 7. prov. fate, evrenbilim (./..) cosmology, evrenbilimsel (./...) cosmological, evrendeğer (./..) parameter, evrendoğum (./..) cosmogony, evrendoğumsal (./...) cosmogonic, evrenpulu, -nu (./..) mica.
evrensel
 288
eyvallah
evrensel 1. universal. 2. cosmic, evrenselleşmek to become universal, evrenselleştirmek /ı/ to universalize, evrensellik universality, evrik log., math, inverse, evrilir 1. log. convertible. 2. phot, reversal (film).
evrim evolution. — kuramı theory of evolution, evrimci 1. (an) evolutionist. 2. evolutionist, evo-lutionistic. evrimcilik evolutionism, evrimsel evolutionary, evrişik log. converse, evropiyum (./..) chem. europium, evsaf obs. qualities, characteristics, evsecek prov. wooden tray for winnowing grain, evsel domestic. — atık su domestic sewage. — atık su arıtımı sewage treatment. — atık su arıtma tesisi sewage treatment plant, evsemek to be homesick, be nostalgic, evsıçanı, -m (/...) zool. black rat, Rattus rat-tus.
evsin prov. hunter’s hut. evsineği, -ni (/...) zool. housefly, Musca domes tica.
evvel 1. /dan/ before. 2. first, initial. 3. former, past. 4. formerly, earlier, before. 5. ago. 6. beginnings, beginning, —leri formerly. — Allah with God’s help, God willing. — Allah, sonra sizin sayenizde, colloq. By God’s grace, then by your help! — ar idi, şimdi kâr oldu, colloq. (It used to be honor; now it is profit.) This used to be thought immoral; now everyone does it. — emirde obs. first of all. — hesap, sonra kasap, proverb (First the account, then the butcher.) Count your money before you plan your shopping. — selam, sonra kelam, proverb Greetings and polite inquiries come before business. — taam, sonra kelam, proverb One should not talk business while eating. — ve ahir obs. sooner or later. — zaman formerly, in the old days. — zaman içinde once upon a time, evvela (/.—•) first of all, in the first place, firstly. — can, sonra canan, proverb (First the self, then the beloved.) A person thinks of himself/herself first, ewelce (./.) 1. previously, formerly, in the past.
   2.     earlier, before, evvelden 1. previously, formerly, in the past.
   2.     beforehand; in advance, evveli 1. the previous. 2. in the old days, evveliyat, -ti (.••—) first stages, opening phases, beginnings, evveliyet, -ti precedence, priority; primacy, evvelki, -ni 1. the previous, the preceding, former. 2. the (year, month, week, etc.) before last. 3. the one before the previous. — gün the day before yesterday, evvelsi see evvelki.
ey 1. O: Ey şair! O poet! 2. (—) colloq. Now see here! 3. colloq. And then what hap-pened?/So?/So what?
eyalet, -ti (.—.) 1. (semi-autonomous) province (of a country). 2. state (of a federal union/a republic). 3. province (of the Ottoman Empire).
eyer saddle. — baltası battle-ax carried on the saddle. — i boş kalmak (for a horse) to have an empty saddle (because the rider was killed). — boşaltmak to dodge a javelin by leaning out of the saddle (in the game of jereed). — e de gelir, semere de. colloq. It is good for all kinds of uses. — kaltağı saddletree. — kapatmak/kapamak to saddle an animal. — karpuzu cantle (of a saddle).
   —   kâsesi seat of a saddle. — kaşı saddlebow, pommel. — kolanı saddle girth. — vurgunu saddle-galled. — vurmak /a/ to saddle.
eyerci saddler, maker/seller of saddles, eyercilik making/selling saddles, saddlery, eyerlemek /ı/ to saddle, put a saddle on (an animal).
eyerlenmek (for an animal) to be saddled, eyerli saddled.
eyersiz saddleless; unsaddled, eyitmek /i, a/ obs. to say (s.t.) to (s.o.). eylem 1. action. 2. operation. 3. gram. verb. — çekimi gram, conjugation. — e geçmek to go into action. — gövdesi gram, verbal stem. — kökü gram, verb root. — tümcesi gram, verbal sentence, —den türeme ad gram, noun derived from a verb, —den türeme eylem gram, verb derived from a verb, eylemce mil. operation, eylemci 1. (an) activist. 2. activist, activistic. eylemcilik activism.
eylemek 1. /ı/ auxiliary verb to make, do. 2.
   /i, dan/ to deprive (s.o.) of (s.t.). eylemli 1. actual. 2. active (service). 3. fully appointed, on the permanent staff of a university. — olarak actually, in actual fact, eylemlik gram, verbal noun, infinitive, gerund, eylemlilik actuality, eylemsel real, actual, eylemsi gram, nonfinite verbal form, eylemsiz 1. passive. 2. not yet fully appointed, not on the permanent staff of a university, eylemsizlik inactivity, eylül September.
eytam (.—) obs. orphans. — maaşı obs. allowance to the orphans of government employees.
eytişim dialectics, dialectic, eytişimsel dialectic, dialectical. — özdekçilik dialectical materialism, eytişmek to talk (together), converse, eyvah (.—) My God!/How awful! —lar olsun!
   colloq. My God, look what’s happened! eyvallah (/..) 1. Thanks!/Thanks a lot! 2. Good -bye! 3. So be it ./If you say so. — demek /a/ to accept, agree, not to object (to). — etmemek /a/ not to submit to (s.o.); not to be indebted to, not to have any moral obligation to (s.o.); not to want (s.o.’s) help. — ı olma-
eyvan
   mak /a/ not to be indebted to, not to have any moral obligation to (s.o.). eyvan iwan, a vaulted room with one side open to a court.
eyyam obs. days. — ağası colloq., see eyyam efendisi. —ı bahur the hottest days in the first week of August; dog days. — efendisi colloq. timeserver. — görmüş colloq. (one) who has seen better days. — hava naut. fine weather with a fair wind. — ola! naut. May the wind and weather favor you! — sürmüş colloq., see eyyam görmüş. eza (.__) unjust treatment, torment, anguish. — cefa oppression and torment. — çekmek/ görmek to suffer torment; to suffer injustice, ezan Islam the call to prayer, the azan. — okumak 1. Islam to give the call to prayer. 2. slang to talk too much, ezani (.— —) Islam pertaining to the azan. — saat the hour as reckoned from sunset, ezber 1. memorization. 2. lesson to be memorized. —den 1. by memory; by heart. 2. colloq. without thinking, off the top of one’s head. — e colloq. without comprehending (what one is saying), —inde stored in one’s memory. — e bilmek hi 1. to know (s.t.) by heart. 2. to know (s.t.) thoroughly. — e iş görmek colloq. to do something in a haphazard, careless way. — e konuşmak colloq. to talk off the top of one’s head, —den okumak hi to recite (s.t.) by heart, ezberci (student) who learns by rote, ezbercilik rote learning, ezberlemek 111 to learn (s.t.) by heart, memorize, commit (s.t.) to memory, ezberlenmek to be learned by heart, be memorized, be committed to memory, ezberletmek /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) learn (s.t.) by heart, have (s.o.) memorize (s.t.). ezcümle (/..) obs. 1. in essence, essentially. 2.
   for instance, for example, ezdirmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) crush/squash (fruit). 2. to have (s.o.) grind/triturate (s.t.).
   3. to have (s.o.) mash/puree (s.t.). 4. to have (s.o.) crush and dissolve (s.t.). 5. colloq. to have (s.o., a group, etc.) oppress, grind down, beat down, or trample on (s.o., a group, etc.).
ezdirtmek /ı, a/ see ezdirmek.
ezel past eternity, time without beginning.
   —den from time immemorial, ezeli (..—) 1. without beginning, antedating time. 2. ancient. — ve ebedi without beginning or end, sempiternal, ezgi 1. melody. 2. tone, timbre (of a voice). 3.
   style, tempo. 4. worry; depression, ezgin prov. 1. flat broke, bankrupt. 2. oppressed, tormented. 3. down in the dumps, depressed.
   4. bruised/rotten (fruit).
ezginlik prov. 1. being flat broke, bankruptcy.
   2. being oppressed, being tormented. 3. being down in the dumps, being depressed. 4. being bruised/rotten (said of fruit). 5. mild
289                                              Ezrail
         feeling of hunger, ezgisel melodic.
                                                                   ezici 1. (one) who crushes/squashes (fruit). 2. crushing, overwhelming (majority). 3. crushing, depressing, ezik 1. bruised (fruit). 2. crushed in, smashed in; dented in. 3. colloq. crushed, oppressed.
         4.     bruise (on the body). — büzük beaten and battered, eziklik 1. being bruised. 2. colloq. being crushed, oppression. 3. colloq. mild feeling of hunger, ezilgen friable.
                                                             ezilmek 1. (for fruit) to be crushed, be squashed.
         2.  to be ground, be triturated. 3. to be mashed, be pureed. 4. to be crushed in, be smashed in; to be dented in. 5. to be run over, be hit and knocked down. 6. to be crushed and dissolved. 7. colloq. to be depressed, be dejected, be distressed. 8. colloq. (for s.o., a group, etc.) to be oppressed, be ground down, be beaten down, be trampled on. 9. colloq. to be worn down, be wearied.
         10.    colloq. to be defeated, be crushed, be beaten down. 11. slang (for money) to be spent, ezile büzüle colloq. with great embarrassment. ezilip büzülmek colloq. to cringe with embarrassment, (içi/midesi) — colloq. to feel somewhat hungry, feel peckish, ezimevi, -ni (./..) mill for pressing out oil from seeds, ezinç pain, torment, torture, ezinti 1. mild feeling of hunger. 2. sinking feeling in the stomach (because of fear/excitement).
      eziyet, -ti 1. torment, torture. 2. cruelty. 3. injury, pain, hurt, suffering. — çekmek to go to a lot of trouble; to be put to a lot of trouble. — etmek /a/ to torment, torture.
         —   vermek /a/ to cause (s.o.) pain or great trouble.
      eziyetli 1. tormenting, torturous, cruel, painful (job). 2. tormenting, tyrannizing, painful, troublesome, difficult (person), eziyetsiz 1. painless, easy (job). 2. comfortably, with ease, ezkaza (..—) obs. by chance, ezme 1. crushing, squashing (fruit). 2. grinding, trituration. 3. mashing, pureeing. 4. puree; paste, butter, ezmek hi 1. to crush, squash (fruit). 2. to grind, triturate. 3. to mash, puree. 4. to crush in, smash in; to dent in. 5. to run over, hit and knock down. 6. to crush and dissolve. 7. colloq. to depress, lower the spirits of. 8. colloq. to oppress, grind down, beat down, trample on (s.o., a group, etc.). I , colloq. to wear down, weary. 10. colloq. to defeat, crush, beat down. 11. slang to spend (money). Ez de suyunu iç. colloq. It is absolutely worthless. ezoterik esoteric.
      Ezrail (.—.) see Azrail.
F
F 1. the letter F. 2. chem. F (fluorine). 3. mus. F (the fourth note in the scale of C major or the key based on this note). 4. F (Fahrenheit), fa mus. 1. F. 2. fa.
faal, -li (.—) 1. active, industrious, busy. 2. in working order. — üye active member (of a society).
faaliyet, -ti (.— ..) 1. activity. 2. working order.
    —e geçmek 1. to go into action, begin to act. 2. (for an organization) to begin to operate; to begin to function. — göstermek to be active; to get busy; to get active. — te olmak (for s.o ./an organization) to be active; (for an organization) to be a going concern, faanahtan, -m (/....) mus. bass clef, fabl fable, moral tale, fabrika (./.) factory, plant, works, fabrikacı (./..) see fabrikatör, fabrikasyon 1. manufacture, production, fabrication. 2. factory-made, fabrikatör factory owner; manufacturer, fabrikatörlük the work of a manufacturer; being a manufacturer, facia (—..) 1. calamity. 2. theat. tragedy.
*faça (/.) slang 1. face, mug. 2. the card at the bottom of a pack. 3. clothes. — smı (aşağı) almak (—smı bozmak) /m/ slang 1. to beat the tar out of (s.o.). 2. to embarrass, make (s.o.) look ridiculous. — façaya face to face. 2faça (/.) naut. 1. tacking. 2. draft, draught. — etmek /ı/ to tack; to back (the topsail), façeta (./.) facet (of a precious stone), façetalı (./..) faceted, having facets, façuna (./.) naut. service, serving (a rope). — etmek /i/ to serve (a rope). — maçunası serving mallet. — tahtası serving board. — tokmağı see façuna maçunası. fagosit, -ti biol. phagocyte, fagositoz biol. phagocytosis, fagot, -tu mus. bassoon, fağfur 1. formerly the Emperor of China. 2. Chinese porcelain. 3. made of Chinese porcelain, fağfuri (.— —) 1. Chinese porcelain. 2. made of Chinese porcelain, fahiş (—.) excessive, exorbitant. — faiz law usurious interest. — fiyat exorbitant price, criminal price, fahişe (—..) prostitute, whore, fahişelik (—...) prostitution, whoring, fahrenhayt, -ti (/..) Fahrenheit scale, fahri (.—) 1. honorary (title/member). 2. voluntary, volunteer.
fahriye a piece of classical Ottoman poetry in which the poet praises himself, faik, -ki (—.) obs. superior, excellent, fail (—.) 1. doer, maker, author. 2. law perpetrator. 3. obs., biol. effective. 4. obs., gram. subject.
faiz (—.) fin. interest. — almak to charge interest. —in faizi compound interest. — fiyatı rate of interest. — getirmek to yield interest.
   —       haddi limit on the rate of interest. — hesabı interest-bearing (bank) account. — i işlemek to yield interest. — le işletmek /ı/ to invest (money) at interest. — oram/nispeti rate of interest, interest rate. — tavanı a ceiling on interests, interest ceiling. — e vermek h! to lend (money) at interest. — e yatırmak hi to invest (money) at interest, faizci (—..) moneylender; usurer, faizcilik (—...) moneylending; usury, faizli (—..) interest-bearing, (s.t.) which yields interest.
faizsiz (—„) interest-free; (bank account) which does not yield interest, fak, -ki snare, trap, —a basmak colloq. to be deceived, be duped; to be trapped, fakat, -ti (.\),but; yet; however, fakfon paktong, packfong. fakih faqih, Islamic legist, person who is an expert in Islamic religious law. fakir 1. poor, destitute, needy, impoverished. 2. poor, mean, run-down, shoddy (thing). 3. poor person; pauper. 4. (an) unfortunate. 5. your humble servant (a polite formula now used jocularly). 6. dervish, sufi, (an Indian) fakir. F—! colloq. Poor man!/Poor woman!/ Poor kid!/Poor thing! — düşmek to become poor. — fukara colloq. the poor, —in tesellisi ölümdür, proverb Only death ends a poor person’s troubles, fakirhane (..—.) 1. a home for poor/homeless/ handicapped people, poorhouse. 2. the house of your humble servant (a polite reference to one's own home, now used jocularly). fakirizm the practices of an Indian fakir, fakirleşme 1. getting poor, becoming impoverished. 2. phys. depletion, fakirleşmek to get poor, become impoverished, fakirleştirmek hi to impoverish; to pauperize, fakirlik 1. poverty, destitution, impoverishment. 2. impoverished state (of the soil). 3. insufficiency, inadequacy. — ayıp değil, tembellik ayıp, proverb It is not poverty but laziness that is shameful.
faks
 291
 fare
faks 1. fax machine. 2. fax, message sent/ received through a fax machine. —• çekmek /a/ to send (s.o.) a fax, fax (s.o.). —la göndermek /ı, a/ to fax (s.t.) to (s.o.). faksimile facsimile.
fakslamak hi colloq. to fax (s.t.), send (s.t.) by fax.
faktitif gram, factitive, faktör factor, agent.
fakülte (./.) faculty/college/school (of a university).
fal 1. one’s fortune. 2. fortune-telling: çay falı reading fortunes in tea leaves. — açmak/ bakmak to tell fortunes. — ma bakmak /in/ to tell (s.o.’s) fortune, —a inanma, falsiz kalma, proverb Put no faith in fortune -telling, but get your fortune told (for fun).
   —       taşı gibi açılmak (for s.o.’s eyes) to open wide, become like saucers, falaka (./.) 1. a staff with a loop of rope or leather attached at both ends so that the feet of a culprit may be tied up for a bastinado. 2. bastinado, a punishment inflicted by beating the soles of the feet. 3. a lever consisting of a pole/a stick with rope attached to it. 4. whiffletree. — ya çekmek/vurmak/yatir-mak/yikmak hi to bastinado, subject (s.o.) to a bastinado, falan colloq. 1. so-and-so. 2. a certain person, you know who. 3. what’s his name; what’s her name. 4. around, roughly, approximately, or so: Sekiz kişi falan geldi. Eight or so people came. On beş Ağustosta falan olacak. It’ll be on the fifteenth of August or thereabouts. 5. and people such as they, Brit. and co.; and such, and so forth, and so on, and what have you, and what not; et cetera, etc.: Ulvi, Hilmi, Necmi falan geldiler. Ulvi, Hilmi, Necmi and co. have come. Fuzuli’yi, Nefi’yi, Nedim’i falan okudum. I’ve read Fuzuli, Nefi, Nedim, ete. — filan/festekiz/ feşmekân/fıstık/fistan/fişman colloq. 1. given people, these people; given things, these things. 2. and people such as they, and that lot; and what have you, and what not; et cetera, etc. 3. such and such: Falan filan tarihlerde falan filan gelecek. On such and such dates such and such people will come, falanca (./.) colloq. 1. so-and-so, such and such a person. 2. such and such a .... falanga (./.) pole (used for carrying heavy loads).
falanmci colloq. 1. such and such a, a given (day/time): şubat ayının falanmci gününde on a given day in February. 2. (s.o.) who occupies a given numerical position; (s.t.) which occupies a given numerical position, falanj 1. hist, phalanx; the Macedonian phalanx.
    2. Falange (Spanish fascist organization), falanjist, -ti Falangist, a member of the Falange. Falaşa (./.) Falasha. —lar Falashas. falcı fortune-teller, falcılık fortune-telling.
falçeta (./.) see falçete. falçete (./.) curved shoemaker’s knife, falso (/.) 1. mus. false note, wrong note. 2. colloq. blunder, false step. — yapmak 1. mus.' to play/sing a false note, hit the wrong note. 2. colloq. to make a blunder, falsolu (/..) 1. mus. hitting a false note. 2. colloq. faulty.
falya (/.) touchhole, vent of a muzzle-loading gun. — çivilemek to spike a gun. — deliği touchhole. — iğnesi pricker, priming needle.
    —  otu priming of a firearm. — teknesi priming pan.
falyanos zool. 1. whale, Cetacea. 2. a large dolphin.
familya (./.) 1. family. 2. biol. family. 3. colloq. wife.
fanatik 1. fanatic, fanatical. 2. (a) fanatic, fanatizm fanaticism.
fanfan colloq. hard to understand, talking like a person who has lost his/her teeth, fanfar mus. 1. brass band. 2. flourish (of trumpets), fanfare, fanfin colloq. foreign-sounding talk. — etmek colloq. to talk in a foreign language, fani (— —) transitory; mortal. — dünya the world of mortality, fanila (./.) 1. flannel undershirt. 2. flannel, fanilik (-----.) transitoriness; perishability, mor-
    tality.
fanta (/.) zool. blue tit, Parus caeruleus. fantasma (./.) phantom, fantom, phantasm, fan-tasm. fantastik fantastic.
fantezi 1. fantasy, imagination. 2. fancy, caprice, whim. 3. fancy, ornate, rich (cloth/furniture/ jewelry). 4. mus. fantasia (in free form), fanti playing cards jack, knave, fanus (—.) 1. a decorative lantern on a pole.
    2. bell jar, bell glass. 3. round glass used in the windows of the dome of a Turkish bath.
    4.    translucent globe over a light bulb. 5. lamp chimney, fanya (.'.) wide-meshed fishnet.
Har auto, headlight.
2far eye shadow.
faraş dustpan. — gibi/kadar colloq. very large (mouth).
faraza (/.—) supposing (that), let us suppose (that).
farazi (..—) hypothetical, faraziyat, -ti (...—) obs. hypotheses, suppositions.
faraziye hypothesis, supposition, assumption, farbala (/..) furbelow, ruffle, frill, fare (—.) 1. zool. house mouse, Mus musculus.
    2. zool. brown rat, Rattus norvegicus. 3. comp, mouse, —ler cirit oynamak /da/ colloq. (for a place) to be deserted, be desolate.
    —  çıktığı deliği bilir, proverb, see Sıçan çıktığı deliği bilir. — deliğe sığmamış, bir de kuyruğuna kabak bağlamış, colloq. (The mouse could not squeeze into its hole and
farekulağı
 292
fasulye
    to make matters worse, it tied a pumpkin to its tail.) 1. He/She has taken on some new responsibilities and he/she can’t handle what he/she alread has. 2. He/She himself/herself was unwelcome, and then he/she brought a friend along. — deliği 1. mouse hole. 2. colloq. hiding place. — düşse, başı yarılır, colloq. (If a mouse falls into it, it’ll split it’s head.) There’s not a crumb/drop left in the pantry/barrel. — kapanı mousetrap. — kuyruğu eğe rattail file. — zehiri rat poison, farekulağı, -nı (—/...) bot. 1. anagallis, Ana-gallis. 2. wild marjoram, Origanum vulgare.
    3.    mouse-ear hawkweed, mouse-ear, Hier-acium pilosella. farekuşu, -nu (—/..) zool. coly, mousebird, Colius.
farenjit, -ti path, pharyngitis, fareotu, -nu (—/..) bot. ratsbane, farfara (s.o.) who talks big, bragging (person), farfaracı 1. windbag, big talker. 2. (s.o.) who talks big, bragging (person), farfaralık loud and idle bragging, big talk, farımak prov. 1. to grow old. 2. to get feeble.
    3.    to get tired; /dan/ to get tired (of). 4. to get old and worn, wear out. farika (—..) obs. distinguishing feature, characteristic, hallmark, faril a rope attached to the edges of a fishnet, farinks anat. pharynx.
Farisi (—.—) 1. Persian, the Persian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Persian, Persian. 3. Persian (speech/writing); spoken in Persian; written in Persian. 4. Persian, of or relating to Persia or the Persians, fariza (.—.) obligation, duty, fark, -ki 1. difference. 2. discrimination. — edilmek/olunmak see farkedilmek. — etmek l\l see farketmek. — gözetmek to practice favoritism, discriminate, —mda olmak Iml to notice, be aware of. —ında olmamak Iml not to be aware of. — ma varmak Iml to notice, become aware of. farkedilmek 1. to be perceptible. 2. to be realized, be understood, farketmek 1. hi to notice, perceive; to realize.
    2.    to change, become different. 3. to make a difference; to matter. Farketmez. colloq. It makes no difference ./It doesn’t matter, farklı different, having a difference. — fiyat uygulaması price discrimination. — tarife differential price list, discriminative tariff, farklılaşma 1. differentiation, undergoing a change, acquiring a different character. 2. biol. differentiation, specialization (of tissue), farklılaşmak to differentiate, undergo a change, acquire a different character, farklılık difference, being different, farkolunmak see farkedilmek. farksız without a difference, farmakodinami (./....) pharmacodynamics, farmakodinamik (./....) pharmacodynamic, farmakolog pharmacologist.
farmakoloji pharmacology.
farmason 1. Freemason. 2. colloq. irreligious.
    3.    colloq. nonbeliever, farmasonluk Freemasonry.
Fars 1. Persian. 2. Farsi, person from Fars. 3.
    the Iranian province of Fars, fars theat. farce.
Farsça (/.) 1. Persian, the Persian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Persian, Persian. 3. Persian (speech/writing); spoken in Persian; written in Persian, farş naut. planking laid down over ballast, farta furta (./ ..) used in: fartası furtası olmamak colloq. 1. to be given to speaking tactlessly. 2. to be capricious, fart furt (/ .) colloq. (speaking) pretentiously, bombastically. — etmek colloq. to talk pretentiously, puff o.s. up. farz 1. religious duty required of all Muslims.
    2.    binding duty. — etmek III see farzetmek. farzetmek hi to assume/imagine (s.t.) for the sake of argument, farzımuhal, -li (/...) Let us assume for the sake of argument that ....
Fas 1. Morocco. 2. Fez. 3. Moroccan, of Morocco. 4. Fez, of Fez. fasa fiso (./ ..) slang empty words, nonsense, poppycock, bosh, fasarya (./.) slang 1. nonsense. 2. coquetry, faseta (./.) facet (of a precious stone), fasıl, -slı 1. chapter, section, episode. 2. a program of musical pieces all written in the same makam. 3. theat. act. 4. the main part of a karagöz or an ortaoyunu performance.
   5. the musical overture to an ortaoyunu performance. 6. colloq. business, bit: Şu yoklama faslmı bitirip derse başlayalım. Let’s finish this roll call bit and start the lesson.
   —  heyeti a group of musicians and singers who perform classical Turkish songs.
fasıla (—..) interval; interruption. — vermek to make a break; /a/ to interrupt, fasılalı (—...) intermittent, interrupted, fasılasız (—...) l. continuous, uninterrupted. 2.
    incessantly, fasih obs. correct and clear, lucid, fluent, fasikül fascicle, fascicule (of a book), fasile (.—.) obs., bot. family, fasit (—.) obs. 1. vicious; perverse. 2. mischief -making (person). — daire vicious circle.
   —  olmak (for the performance of a religious duty) to become invalid.
faska (/.) a kind of cummerbund wrapped around a baby’s waist to support its back, fasla fasla (./ ..) colloq. in various places (on the body); here and there, faslam faslam (./ ..) colloq., see fasla fasla. Faslı 1. (a) Moroccan. 2. (a) Fezzi, person from Fez. 3. Moroccan (person). 4. Fezzi (person), fason tailor, cut, make, fasone text, façonne.
                                                            fasulye (./.) bot. bean, beans, Phaseolus vulgaris. — gibi kendini nimetten saymak to
 faş
   think o.s. very important, put on airs. — mi dedin? slang “Did you say beans?” (said to s.o. who has been talking nonsense). — pilakisi stew of dried beans cooked with olive oil and onions and eaten cold. — piyazı cold dish made with dried beans, chopped onions, parsley, and olive oil. — sırığı gibi colloq. like a bean pole, tall and lanky (person), faş obs. disclosed, revealed. — etmek hi colloq. to disclose, reveal (a secret). — olmak colloq. to be disclosed, be revealed, faşır faşır (./ ..) (flowing) in gushes, faşing, -gi (/.) fasching, (Shrovetide) carnival, faşist, -ti 1. (a) fascist. 2. fascist, fascistic. faşistlik fascism, faşizm 1. Fascism. 2. fascism, fatalist, -ti 1. (a) fatalist. 2. fatalistic, fatalizm fatalism.
Fatih (—.) the Conqueror (Sultan Mehmet II). fatih (—.) conqueror.
fatiha (—'..) Fatiha, Fatihah, the opening chapter of the Koran. — okumak 1. to recite the opening chapter of the Koran. 2. /a/ colloq. to give up hope about (s.t.). fatura (./.) invoice, bill. — kesmek to make out an invoice, faturalamak (./...) Ill to write an invoice for, bill.
faul sports foul. — yapmak to foul, fauna (./.) zool. fauna, fava mashed broad beans, favori 1. sideburns. 2. the one having the odds in his/her favor. 3. to one’s liking, favorite (used of songs/singers!athletes/movie stars). *fay geol. fault.
2fay text, faille.
fayans 1. (glazed, machine-made) wall tile. 2. (made of), ceramic (bathroom fixtures). 3. faience.
fayda use, usefulness, utility; value; benefit, advantage. — sı dokunmak /a/ to be of help (to). — etmemek to be useless, not to help.
   —sı olmak to be useful. — vermemek to be useless, not to help. — yok. /dan/ 1. Don’t expect any help from (him/her). 2. (It) is no help, faydacıl utilitarian, faydacılık utilitarianism, faydalanmak /dan/ to benefit from, profit from.
faydalı useful; worthwhile; beneficial, advantageous.
faydasız useless, of no use, futile, vain. — baş mezara yaraşır, proverb A useless person is fit only for the grave, fayrap naut. 1. Fire her up! 2. Stoke her up!
   —   etmek 1. hi to light, fire (the furnace, boiler, stove, etc.); to stoke up, fire up (the furnace, boiler, stove, etc.). 2. hi slang to get a move on with, get cracking on (a job).
   3.  hi slang to open (a window/a door) all the way. 4. hi slang to take off, strip off (a piece of clothing). 5. sailor’s slafig to hurry
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   up.
fayton 1. phaeton (a horse-drawn carriage). 2.
   zool. tropic bird, Phaethon. faytoncu carriage driver, coachman, faytonculuk 1. hiring carriages. 2. carriage -driving.
 faz phys., elec. phase. — kalemi (screwdriver -shaped) circuit-tester. fazilet, -ti (.—.) virtue, faziletli (.— ..) virtuous, fazla 1. too; too much; too many. 2. /dan/ more (than). 3. extra, left over. 4. what is left over, the remainder, —dan 1. in addition, in excess, as an extra. 2. furthermore, moreover, in addition. — siyla greatly, extremely. — gelmek colloq. to be too much, be more than necessary. — kaçırmak colloq. to overdrink; to overeat. — kaçmak colloq. to be too much, be more than necessary. — mal göz çıkarmaz, proverb (Becoming the owner of a lot of things won’t put out your eye.) Although you don’t need it now, it’ll probably come in handy later on.IA little extra does no harm. — mesai overtime. — mesai ücreti overtime pay, overtime. — mesai yapmak to work overtime (at an increased pay rate).
   —      olmak (for s.o.) to go too far, overstep the limit, fazlalaşmak to increase, fazlalık excess; superabundance; superfluity; surplus. — etmek (for s.o.) to be extra, be one too many; to overcrowd a place, fecaat, -ti (.—.) tragedy, catastrophe, calamity, feci, -ii/-si (.—) 1. tragic, catastrophic, calamitous; terrible. 2. colloq. extremely, very, fecir, -cri 1. dawn. 2. the redness of the sky at dawn. F—i Ati (Dawn of the Future) a Turkish literary school active from 1901 to 1912.
 feda (.—) sacrifice, sacrificing. — etmek hi to sacrifice. — olmak to be sacrificed (for). — olsun! colloq. It’s worth the sacrifice, fedai (.—.) 1. person who risks his life for a cause. 2. colloq. bouncer. 3. colloq. bodyguard.
fedailik (.—..) willingly risking one’s life, fedakâr (.—.) self-sacrificing, self-denying, fedakârlık (.— ..) self-sacrifice, self-denial; extreme devotion. — etmek (—ta bulunmak) to make sacrifices (for the sake of s.t./s.o.). —a katlanmak to bear the consequences of sacrifices, make sacrifices (for the sake of s.t./s.o.). — yapmak see fedakârlık etmek, federal, -li federal.
Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti, -ni hist. Federal Republic of Germany, federalizm federalism, federasyon federation, federatif federative, federe federate.
fehametli (.—..) illustrious (title of certain high Ottoman officials). fekül chem. fecula.
felah
294
fener
felah obs. recovery, restoration to health and prosperity; deliverance. — bulmak to recover one’s health or peace of mind, felaket, -ti        1. disaster, calamity, catas-
   trophe. 2. slang awful, horrible, terrific. 3. slang awfully, horribly, terrifically. F—! colloq. We’ve had it!/We’re in for it now!
   —e uğramak to have a disaster, felaketzede          victim of a disaster,
felç 1. paralysis. 2. hemiplegia. — gelmek /a/ (for s.o.) to become paralyzed, have a stroke.
   —      olmak 1. (for s.o.) to become paralyzed, have a stroke. 2. colloq. (for traffic) to come to a halt. — e uğramak colloq. (for an activity/a process) to come to a halt. —-e uğratmak hi colloq. to cause (an activity/a process) to come to a halt, felçli paralyzed (person or part of the body), feldispat, -ti see feldspat, feldmareşal, -li (/...) mil. field marshal, feldspat, -ti feldspar.
felek 1. firmament, heavens. 2. the universe. 3, fate, destiny. 4. see felenk. —ten bir gün/ gece çalmak colloq. to have a very enjoyable day/evening, —in çemberinden geçmiş colloq. (s.o.) who has been through the mill, (s.o.) who has had his/her ups and downs in life, —ten kâm almak colloq. to have a very good time. — kimine kavun yedirir, kimine kelek, proverb (Fate gives some people sweet melons to eat, and others bitter ones.) Fate smiles on some and frowns on others.
   —e küsmek colloq. to be downhearted, be sick at heart, —in sillesine uğramak (—in sillesini yemek) colloq. to suffer the blows of misfortune. — yâr olursa colloq. if all goes well.
Felemenk 1. Flanders. 2. Dutch, of Holland or the Dutch. 3. Flemish, of Flanders or the Flemish.
Felemenkçe (../.) 1. Dutch, the Dutch language.
   2. (speaking/writing) in Dutch, Dutch. 3. Dutch (speech/writing); spoken in Dutch; written in Dutch.
Felemenkli 1. Dutchman; Dutchwoman; Netherlander, Hollander. 2. Fleming. 3. Dutch (person). 4. Flemish (person), felenk, -gi 1. round wooden crosspiece found in the launching ways of ships and boats. 2. wooden roller placed under boats or other heavy objects to move them. 3. stone/ wooden chock placed under an object to stabilize it.
felfelek 1. zool. a small butterfly. 2. bot. betel palm, Areca catechu. felfellemek prov. 1. (for a bird in flight) to flop to the ground. 2. (for a top) to wobble, topple, totter. 3. to be bewildered, be dumbfounded, be taken aback, fellah 1. fellah, an Egyptian peasant. 2. colloq.
   Black, Negro, fellek fellek (./ ..) colloq., see fellik fellik, fellik fellik (./ ..) colloq. running all over. —
    aramak III to search high and low (for), felsefe philosophy. — yapmak to philosophize, felsefeci 1. philosopher. 2. colloq. philosophy teacher, felsefî (..—) philosophical, feminist, -ti 1. (a) feminist. 2. feminist, feministic, feminizm feminism.
fen, -nni 1. collective name for physics, chemistry, mathematics, and biology. 2. technology, applied science. 3. science, —ini almak /in/ to master the technique of. F— Fakültesi the College of Science (in Istanbul University). — heyeti technical commission. F— işleri Müdürlüğü municipal department of technical services.
*fena (.—) 1. bad; evil. 2. ill, sick. 3. terrible, miserable. 4. badly, poorly. 5. extremely, terribly. — bakmak /a/ colloq. to glare angrily (at). — ya çekmek hi colloq. to take (s.t.) in a bad sense. — değil, colloq. Not bad!/Pretty good! — etmek colloq. 1. to behave badly, act wrongly. 2. hi to harm, injure; to teach (s.o.) a lesson. 3. hi to make (s.o.) feel sick.
    —  gitmek colloq. to go badly, —sma gitmek colloq. 1. (for an action/a word) to pain, upset (s.o.). 2. to irritate, exasperate (s.o.).
    —  gözle bakmak /a/ colloq. 1. to harbor evil intentions (towards). 2. to look daggers (at). 3. to look at (s.o.) with a lustful eye.
    —  halde colloq. in the worst way, extremely, excessively, badly. — kalpli colloq. wicked.
    —  muamele law ill-treatment. — olmak colloq. 1. to feel sick, feel faint. 2. to feel anguish, be upset. — ya sarmak colloq. to take a turn for the worse. — sayılmaz, colloq., see Fena değil, —ya varmak colloq. to get worse; to end up badly. — yakalanmak colloq. to be caught red-handed. — yapmak hi to harm, injure; to teach (s.o.) a lesson. — yerine vurmak /m/ colloq. to hit (s.o.) in a vulnerable spot. — ya yormak hi colloq. to interpret (a gesture, word, or piece of news) as unfavorable.
^ena (.—) obs. death, extinction, annihilation.
    —      bulmak to die; to come to an end. fenalaşmak (.— ..) 1. to get worse, become bad,
                                deteriorate. 2. (for a sick person) to get worse. 3. to feel faint, feel suddenly sick, fenalaştırmak (.—...) Ill 1. to make (s.t.) worse, deteriorate. 2. to make (s.o.) feel faint, fenalık (.—.) 1. badness, evil. 2. injury, harm.
    3.    fainting. — etmek /a/ to harm. — geçirmek to feel sick, feel faint. — gelmek /a/ to feel faint, fenci 1. scientist. 2. colloq. science teacher, fener 1. lantern; flashlight. 2. lighthouse. 3. formerly gaslit streetlamp. 4. a circular tray suspended from a handle (used by tea-sellers/ coffee-sellers in Turkey). 5. small glass dome or turret admitting light into a building, lantern light, lantern. — alayı torchlight procession. — çekmek colloq. 1. to light the
fenerbalığı
   way with*a lantern. 2. to act as a ringleader.
   —   direği lamppost. — dişlisi lantern wheel, lantern pinion, trundle. — dubası light buoy.
   —   gemisi lightship. — kasnak cone pulley of a lathe. — i nerede söndürdün? colloq. (Where did you blow out your lantern?) Where the hell have you been? — resmi lighthouse dues. — şamandırası light buoy.
fenerbalığı, -m (./...) zool. angler, Lophius piscatorius. fenerbalığıgiller (./.....) zool. Lophiidae. fenerci 1. lantern maker/seller. 2. lighthouse keeper. 3. lamplighter, fenerli 1. having a light; with a light. 2. slang long-bearded, fenersiz without a light. — yakalanmak colloq. to be caught in an awkward position; to be caught red-handed, be caught in the act. fenik pfennig (unit of German money).
Fenike (./.) 1. Phoenicia. 2. Phoenician, of Phoenicia or the Phoenician language. Fenikeli (./..) 1. (a) Phoenician. 2. Phoenician (person).
fenilketonurya (.....\) path, phenylketonuria.
fenilketonüri path., see fenilketonurya. fenlenmek colloq. (for a teen-age girl) to know a thing or two. fenni (.—) 1. technological; technical. 2. scientific.
fenol, -lü chem. phenol, phenylic acid, fenoloji phenology, fenomen phenomenon, fenomenizm phenomenalism, fenomenoloji phenomenology, fenotip, -pi phenotype, fent 1. trick, ruse. 2. sports feint, feodal, -li feudal, feodalite feudality.
feodalizm feudalism, the feudal system, fer 1. radiance, luster. 2. brightness (of eyes), ferace (.—.) formerly a long, full coat worn by Turkish women, feraceli (.— ..) formerly dressed in a long, full coat.
feragat, -ti (.—.) renunciation, abandonment (of a right), cession, waiver. — etmek /dan/ to renounce, abandon, cede; to abdicate. — göstermek to act generously, make no demands. — sahibi generous, undemanding, ferağ (.—) law cession (of a property), transfer. — etmek /dan/ law to cede, withdraw (from).
ferah contentment, happiness; relief, —a çıkmak colloq. to begin to enjoy prosperity/suc-cess.
2ferah 1. spacious and well-lighted and airy. 2. contented, at ease, relieved. — fahur 1. prosperous, contented. 2. spacious, comfortable. — ferah 1. leisurely, taking one’s time, in a relaxed way. 2. amply, easily; incontestably, beyond debate, ferahfeza (...—) classical Turk. mus. a makam, ferahlama relief, coming to feel at ease and
295                                          fermuar
         happy.
      ferahlama becoming spacious/airy, ferahlamak to feel relieved.
      2ferahlamak to become spacious/airy, ferahlandırmak /ı/ see ferahlatmak, ferahlandırmak /ı/ see ferahlatmak, ferahlanma see ferahlama, ferahlanma see fer ahlama, ferahlanmak see ferahlamak, ferahlanmak see ferahlamak, ferahlatıcı relieving, ferahlatmak /ı/ to put (s.o.) at ease, ferahlatmak /ı/ to make (a place/s .t.) spacious, ferahlık contentment, happiness; relief, ferahlık spaciousness, airiness, ferahnak, -ki (..—) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
      feraset, -ti (.—.) obs. perception, understanding, ferasetli (.— ..) obs. perceptive (person), ferç anat. vulva.
      ferda (.—) obs. 1. the morrow, the next day. 2.
         the future. —sı gün the next day. ferde prov. round bundle or roll (of cloth/paper), ferdi (.—) obs. individual. — teşebbüs individual enterprise, ferdiyet, -ti obs. individuality, ferdiyetçi obs. 1. (an) -individualist. 2. individualistic, individualist, ferdiyetçilik obs. individualism, ferforje wrought iron.
      feri (.—) obs. secondary, accessory; derived. — haklar law accessory rights, fer’i (.—) obs., see feri, feribot, -tu car ferry; ferry for railroad cars, ferih (.—) obs. cheerful, happy. — fahur see ferah fahur, ferik prov. 1. game bird which is not yet fully mature. 2. pullet. 3. rooster between one and two years of age. 4. a crisp variety of apple.
     ferlemek slang to scram, split, make o.s. scarce, ferma (/.) a pointing (of a hunting dog). — etmek to set, be on point, ferman 1. firman, imperial edict. 2. command, order. — çıkmak to be commanded/certified/approved (by s.o. in authority). — dinlememek colloq. to do as one pleases, ignore the law. — sizin, obs. The decision is yours.
      fermanlı 1. hist, one for whom an arrest warrant has been issued. 2. hist, having a rank superior to major (army officer). 3. colloq. (one) who does as he/she pleases. — deli colloq. certified nut-case. fermantasyon biochem. fermentation, fermejüp, -pü tailor, snap fastener, fermene (/..) short embroidered vest, fermeneci (/...) maker/seller of embroidered vests, ferment, -ti ferment.
      fermentasyon biochem., see fermantasyon, fermiyum (/..) chem. fermium. fermuar zipper.
fermuarh
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fıkırdatmak
fermuarli zippered, fitted with a zipper, fersah obs. parasang (about 3 miles/5 kilometers). — fersah colloq. far, by far: fersah fersah üstün /dan/ far superior (to), fersiz lusterless, dull, lackluster (eyes/light), fert person, individual. — başına per capita, fertik slang scramming, splitting, making o.s. scarce. — i çekmek/kırmak slang to scram, split, make o.s. scarce, fertikiemek slang to scram, split, make o.s. scarce.
feryat 1. cry; cry for help, scream for help. 2. complaint. — ı basmak colloq. to start wailing; to start screaming. — etmek 1. to cry for help, yell for help, scream for help. 2. to complain.
ferz obs., chess queen. — çıkarmak to play chess without one’s queen (to give a beginner a chance). — çıkmak (for a pawn) to be used in place of a queen, fes fez. — boyası madder, red dye. —ini havaya atmak colloq. to jump for joy. — kalıbı block used to keep a fez in shape. — püskülü fez tassel. — tablası the flat top of a fez.
fesahat, -ti (.—.) obs. eloquence, clarity of speech.
fesat 1. disturbance, disorder, trouble. 2. corruption. 3. sedition. 4. colloq. always suspicious of others’ motives, distrustful. 5. colloq. (one) who stirs up trouble, mischief-making. — başı colloq. chief troublemaker. — çıkar-mak/karıştırmak/kaynatmak colloq. to cause trouble, set people against each other.
   —   kumkuması colloq. a great mischief -maker. — kurmak colloq. to conspire, plot.
   —   kutusu colloq. mischief-maker. — ocağı colloq. den of mischief. — tohumu colloq. seeds of intrigue, —a vermek hi colloq. to stir up trouble in (a place). — yuvası colloq., see fesat ocağı.
fesatçı 1. troublemaker; troublemaking. 2. seditious.
fesatçılık 1. stirring up trouble. 2. sedition, fesatlık 1. stirring up trouble. 2. being seditious, feshetmek (/..) I\l 1. to annul, abrogate, repeal (a law/a treaty). 2. to dissolve (a legislature/ an assembly/a society), fesih, -shi 1. annulment, abrogation, repeal. 2. dissolution (of a legislature/an assembly/ a society).
fesleğen bot. sweet basil, Ocimum basiliciun. fesrengi, -ni (/..) deep red. festival, -li 1. festival. 2. colloq. chaos, mess, carnival, feston arch, festoon.
fesuphanallah (/.—..) Good God Almighty!
   (said in amazement). fethetmek (/..) hi to conquer, fetih, -thi conquest, fetiş fetish.
fetişist, -ti 1. (a) fetishist. 2. fetishistic. fetişizm fetishism.
fetret, -ti obs. interregnum.
fettan 1. mischief-maker, sower of dissent. 2.
    colloq. seductive, enticing, alluring, fettanlık colloq. seductiveness, enticement, fetüs fetus.
                                                            fetva (.—) fetwa, fatwa, mufti’s opinion on a matter involving the Islamic religious law.
   —   almak to obtain a fetwa. — vermek/ çıkarmak 1. to give a fetwa. 2. colloq. to lay down the law (when one has no right to do so).
fetvahane (.------.) hist. 1. the office of a mufti.
    2.    the building housing the institution headed by the şeyhülislam. 3. the institution headed by the şeyhülislam, fevç fevç (.' .) obs. in groups, in troops, in crowds, in streams, feveran (..—) boiling over with rage. — etmek to boil over with rage, fevk, -kı/-ki obs. 1. upper part, top. 2. superior.
    —mda/—inde Iml 1. above. 2. superior to. fevkalade (/.— .) 1. extraordinary, exceptional, unusual. 2. unusually, extremely, exceptionally. F—! colloq. Wonderful’./Great !/Su-per! — hal exceptional circumstances, fevkaladelik (/.— ..) singularity, being extraordinary/exceptional . fevri (.—) sudden and unrestrained, impulsive (action), feyezan (..—) obs. flood, feyiz see feyz.
feyizli abundant; prosperous; productive, bountiful, fertile, feylesof obs. philosopher, feyz abundance; prosperity; bountifulness, fertility. — almak /dan/ to be enlightened (by), learn (from). — bulmak to flourish, prosper, advance, feza (.—) obs. outer space, fezleke 1. summary. 2. summary of a cross -examination, police report, fıçı 1. barrel, cask, keg. 2. tub. — balığı salted fish in barrels. — birası draft beer, tap beer.
   —   dibinden ayrılmamak colloq. to drink habitually and heavily, be a tippler. — gibi colloq. short and fat, squat. — musluğu barrel tap, barrel cock. — şamandırası barrel buoy. — tahtası barrel stave.
fıçıcı cooper.
fıçıcılık the work of a cooper, coopery, fıçılama barreling, casking. fıçılamak l\l to barrel, cask, fikara (..—) see fukara, fıkdan (.—) obs. absence, lack, fıkıh, -khi fiqh, Muslim canonical jurisprudence, fıkırdak colloq. lively and flirtatious (woman), fıkırdamak 1. to bubble, make a bubbling sound. 2. colloq. (for a woman) to behave in a lively and flirtatious manner, fıkırdaşmak colloq. 1. to flirt with each other in a lively way. 2. to laugh and talk together in a vivacious manner, fıkırdatmak hi 1. to make (s.t.) bubble and boil.
 fıkır fıkır
 297
fırlamak
    2. colloq. to make (a woman) behave flirtatiously.
                                                                fıkır fıkır (./ ..) 1. with a bubbling sound. 2. colloq. lively and flirtatious. — kaynamak
    1. to boil with a bubbling sound. 2. to abound in, be full of, crawl with (vermin). 3. colloq. (for a woman) to be lively and flirtatious.
fıkırtı bubbling sound.
                                                                fıkra 1. anecdote. 2. column, short feature (in a newspaper/a magazine). 3. law paragraph.
    4.    paragraph. 5. obs., anat. vertebra, fıkracı 1. anecdotist. 2. columnist, fıkracılık the work of a columnist, fıkramak prov. to go sour, spoil by fermentation.
fıldır fıldır (./ ..) 1. rolling (eyes). 2. frantically (moving). — bakmak /a/ to look at with rolling eyes, fındık 1. hazelnut, filbert. 2. slang loaded dice.
    —      ağacı bot. hazel, Corylus avellana. — altını 1. an Ottoman gold coin with a border design resembling hazelnuts. 2. colloq. small but precious thing. — kabuğunu doldurmaz colloq. trifling, unimportant; nonsensical. — kırmak colloq. to mess around with women, indulge in debauchery. — kurdu gibi colloq. small and plump and lively (woman). — yuvası colloq. the dimples on the back of a plump hand, fmdikbiti, -ni (./..) zool. nut weevil, Balaninus nucum.
fındıkçı 1. seller/grower of hazelnuts. 2. colloq. lively and flirtatious woman, fındıkçılık 1. the growing/selling of hazelnuts.
    2.    colloq. being lively and flirtatious, findikfaresi, -ni (./ — ..) zool. 1. dormouse,
    Muscardinus avellanarius. 2. common house mouse, Mus musculus. fmdiki (..—) nut-brown, hazel, fındıkkıran nutcracker.
fmdikkurdu, -nu (./..) zool. larva of the nut weevil, Balaninus nucum. fındıklık hazelnut grove, fmdikmidyesi, -ni (./...) zool. nucula, Nucula. fındıksı çanı, -nı (./...) zool., see findikfaresi. fındıkşekeri, -ni (./...) sugar-coated hazelnut, fındıkta vuğu, -nu (./...) zool. hazel hen, hazel grouse, Tetrastes bonasia. fır 1. with a whirling motion. 2. slang bastard, (etrafında) — dönmek Iml colloq. to hover around (s.o.), be in constant attendance upon (s.o.).
Fırat (/.) the Euphrates (river), fırça brush. — çekmek /a/ slang 1. to chew (s.o.) out, dress (s.o.) down, light into (s.o.).
    2. to let bygones be bygones. — gibi colloq. brushy, bristly, coarse (hair/beard).
fırçacı maker/seller of brushes, fırçacılık the brush-making/brush-selling trade, fırçalamak 1. hi to brush. 2. to go through a densely wooded, swampy area (in hunting).
    3. Ill slang to chew (s.o.) out, dress (s.o.) down, light into (s.o.).
fırçalanmak 1. to be brushed. 2. to brush o.s.
    3.   slang to be chewed out, be dressed down, be lit into, fırçalatmak /i, a/ to have (s.t.) brushed, fırdolayı (/...) all around, all the way around, fırdöndü 1. swivel. 2. a kind of six-sided, bronze teetotum. 3. fickle, having no definite convictions, fırfır frill, ruffle, furbelow, flounce, fir fir (/ .) around and around, fırfırlı frilled, ruffled.
fırıldak 1. whirligig (used as a child’s toy). 2. wind-powered ventilator usually located in a windowpane. 3. revolving cowl on a chimney or a chimney pipe. 4. weathercock, weather vane. 5. colloq. trick, fast one. — çevirmek/döndürmek colloq. to be up to no good, pull a fast one. — gibi colloq. fickle, capricious.
fırıldakçı 1. whirligig seller. 2. colloq. swindler, con man.
fırıldakçiçeği, -ni (../...) bot. passionflower, Passiflora.
fırıldanmak 1. to spin, whirl, revolve. 2. to move around hurriedly and anxiously, finldatmak 111 to spin/whirl (s.t.) around.' fırıl fırıl (./ ..) around and around (for objects revolving in place), firm 1. oven. 2. bakery. 3. furnace. 4. coke oven. 5. blast furnace. 6. roasted (in the oven). (...) — ekmek yemesi lazım! colloq. He/She has to put in (so much) time and effort (to achieve s.t.). — gibi colloq. very hot (place). — kapağı slang one who is not easily ruffled by hardship (as a result of much experience), —a sürmek 111 to put (s.t.) in the oven (to bake), fırıncı baker.
fırıncılık the work of a baker, fırınlama kiln-drying.
fırınlamak h! 1. to put (s.t.) in the oven (to bake). 2. to dry (s.t.) in an oven/a kiln, kiln-dry.
fırınlanmak 1. to be put in the oven (to bake). 2. to be kiln-dried, fırınlanmış kiln-dried. — ahşap kiln-dried wood.
fırınlatmak /i, a/ to have (s.t.) kiln-dried, fırka 1. mil. division; navy squadron. 2. pol. party.
fırkacı pol. partisan, party man. fırkacılık pol. partisanship, party politics, fırkata (./.) light galley, frigate (three-masted warship with ten/fifteen pairs of oars), fırlak protruding, bulging, sticking out. — çene prognathism, fırlama 1. popping out, jumping out. 2. jumping up, popping up, leaping up. 3. protrusion, bulging out, sticking out. 4. colloq. soaring, shooting up (of prices). 5. slang bastard. 6. slang brat.
fırlamak 1. /dan/ to pop out (of), jump out (of). 2. /dan/ to fly out (of), rush out (of),
 fırlatılmak                                        298
    burst out (of). 3. /dan/ to jump up (from), pop up (from), leap up (from). 4. to protrude, bulge out, stick out. 5. colloq. (for prices) to soar, shoot up. fırlatılmak 1. to be hurled, be flung, be thrown violently, be hurtled. 2. to be ejected, be launched.
fırlatma 1. h! hurling, flinging, throwing (s.t.) violently, hurtling. 2. exercises done by flinging out one’s arms and legs, fırlatmak l\l 1. to hurl, fling, throw (s.t.) violently, hurtle. 2. to eject, launch. 3. colloq. to cause (prices) to soar or shoot up. fırlayış 1. jumping up, leaping up. 2. colloq.
   soaring, shooting up (of prices), fırsat, -ti opportunity, chance; occasion. — aramak colloq. to look for a chance, seek an opportunity. — beklemek colloq. to wait for an opportunity. — bilmek l\l colloq. to take advantage of (the circumstances). — bu fir-sat. colloq. This is my/your/his/her golden opportunity. — bulmak colloq. to find an opportunity. — düşkünü colloq. (one) awaiting an opportunity to do someone evil. — düşmek colloq. to have an opportunity open up. —mı düşürmek colloq. to find a way.
   —i ganimet bilmek/saymak colloq. to seize the opportunity. — gözlemek colloq., see fir-sat kollamak. — her vakit ele geçmez. proverb Opportunity only knocks once, —tan istifade taking advantage of an opportunity. —i kaçırmak colloq. to miss the opportunity. — ı kaçırmamak colloq. to take advantage of the opportunity. — kollamak colloq. to be on the lookout for an opportunity. — maliyeti opportunity cost. — sakal altından geçer, proverb (Opportunity passes right under your beard.) Opportunity will come knocking; you have only to be on the lookout for it. — vermek /a/ colloq. to give (s.o.) an opportunity. — yoksulu colloq. one who would do evil if he/she had a chance, fırsatçı 1. opportunist, opportunistic. 2. (an) opportunist, fırsatçılık opportunism, fırt, -ti colloq. 1. drag, pull (of a cigarette). 2.
   nip, shot, slug, pull (of a drink), fırt fırt (/ .) continually (going in and out).
   —      girip çıkmak to keep going in and out. fırtına (./.) 1. storm, tempest, gale. 2. colloq. terrible difficulty. 3. colloq. bewilderment. — çıktı. A storm came up. — gibi colloq: 1 suddenly and quickly. 2. impetuous, always in a hurry. — kopmak 1. for a storm to break suddenly. 2. colloq. to break out in noisy arguments. — patlamak for a storm to break suddenly. — ya tutulmak to be caught in a storm.
fırtmakırlangıcı, -m (./.....) zool., see firtma-
   kuşu.
fırtmakuşu, -nu (./...) zool. storm petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus. fırtmakuşugiller (./.....) zool. Hydrobatidae.
                                                                                                          fışırtı
fırtınalı (./..) stormy, tempestuous, fırttırmak slang 1. to go crazy, go nuts, come unglued. 2. to clear out, beat it, split, fıs used in: — geçmek slang to whisper, fısfıs colloq. atomizer.
fıs fıs (/ .) in whispers. — konuşmak to whisper.
fısıldamak /ı, a/ to whisper (s.t.) to (s.o.). fısıldaşmak to whisper to each other, fısıldayıcı theat. prompter, fısıl fısıl (./ ..) in whispers, fısıltı whisper. — gazetesi colloq. the grapevine, fısır fısır (./ ..) 1. (burning) with a sizzle/a hiss. 2. (flowing) with a hissing sound. 3. in whispers.
fısırtı 1. whisper. 2. sizzle/hiss (of burning straw, dry weeds, etc.). 3. hissing sound (of flowing water). 4. prov. skin eruption, rash, fıskiye see fıskiye.
fıskiye pipe in a pool or fountain from which a jet of water spouts upward, fıslamak /ı, a/ 1. to whisper (s.t.) to (s.o.). 2.
    to tell (s.t.) in secret to (s.o.). fıslanmak to be whispered, fıstık 1. nut; pistachio; pine nut; peanut. 2. slang brains, intelligence. 3. slang a real looker, a real knockout, a beautiful woman. — gibi colloq. 1. dazzling (beauty), beautiful (woman). 2. beautiful, —mı kullanmak slang to use one’s brains, fıstıkçamı, -m (./..) bot. pine, stone pine, Pinus pinea.
fıstıkçı seller/grower of pistachios, pine nuts, or peanuts.
fıstıkçılık selling/growing pistachios, pine nuts, or peanuts.
fıstıki (..—) pistachio green, light green. — makam colloq. very slowly, at a snail’s pace, fıstıklık pistachio grove, fış fış (/ .) 1. with a swishing/rustling sound, with a swish/a rustle. 2. with a rippling sound, fışıldama see fışırdama, fışıldamak see fışırdamak, fışıldatma hi see fışırdatma, fışıldatmak hi see fışırdatmak, fışıl fışıl (./ ..) see fışır fışır, fışıltı see fışırtı.
fışırdama If making a swishing/rustling sound, swishing, rustling. 2. making a rippling sound, rippling, fışırdamak 1. to make a swishing/rustling sound, swish, rustle. 2. to make a rippling sound, ripple, fışırdatma 111 1. making (s.t.) swish/rustle. 2.
                                causing (water) to make a rippling sound, fışırdatmak hi 1. to make (s.t.) swish/rustle.
    2.    to cause (water) to make a rippling sound, fışır fışır (./ ..) 1. with a swishing/rustling sound, with a swish/a rustle. 2. with a rippling sound, fışırtı 1. swishing/rustling sound, swish, rustle.
    2. rippling sound.
 fışkı
fışkı horse dung; dung of donkeys, mules, etc. fışkılamak 1. hi to dung, manure (ground) with horse dung. 2. (for a horse, donkey, mule, etc.) to dung, defecate, fışkın sucker, basal shoot (of a plant), fışkırdak wash bottle, washing bottle (used in a chemistry lab), fışkırık water pistol, squirt gun. fışkırma 1. gushing out, spurting out, squirting forth, jetting, ejection. 2. springing up, bursting forth (of plants). 3. astr. solar prominences.
fışkırmak 1. to gush out, spurt out, squirt forth, jet. 2. (for plants) to spring up, burst forth. 3. /dan/ to overflow from, super-abound in.
fışkırtı 1. gushing/spurting/squirting sound. 2. gushing out, spurting out, squirting forth, jetting, ejection, fışkırtıcı ejector; squirter. fışkırtılmak to be spurted, be squirted, be ejected.
fışkırtma hi making (s.t.) gush out, spurting (s.t.) out, squirting (s.t.) forth, jetting, fışkırtmak hi to make (s.t.) gush out, spurt (s.t.) out, squirt (s.t.) forth, jet. fışlamak prov., see fıkramak, fışnamak prov., see fıkramak, fiştik used in: — vermek /a/ colloq. to incite (s.o.) against another, fıtık path, hernia, rupture. — ameliyatı surg. hernioplasty. — bağı med. truss. — etmek III slang to irritate, annoy. — olmak 1. path. to get a hernia. 2. slang to become irritated, be annoyed, fıttırmak slang to go crazy, go nuts, come unglued.
fiymak slang to beat it, make tracks, fi (—) obs. in. — tarihinde long ago, a long time ago. fiber (/.) fiberboard. fiberglas (/..) fiberglass, fibrin biochem. fibrin, fibrinojen biochem. fibrinogen, fibroblast, -ti (/..) biol. fibroblast, fidan sapling, young tree. — boylu/gibi colloq.
   tall and slender, fidanbiti, -ni (./..) zool. plant louse, aphid, Aphis. fidanlık hort. nursery, fide hort. seedling, fideci grower/seller of seedlings, fidecilik the cultivation/selling of seedlings, fideizm phil. fideism.
fidelemek hi hort. to plant (a bed/a field) with seedlings.
fidelik hort. 1. nursery bed. 2. (seed) suitable for planting, fidye (/.) ransom.
fifre (/.) fife (a musical instrument), figan (.—) obs. cry of distress, wail, lamentation. — etmek to lament, figür figure (in drawing/painting/sculpture/
299                                                  filan
    dancing/music), figüran cin. extra; theat. walk-on. figüranlık cin. working as an extra; theat.
    working as a walk-on. figüratif figuratively representational. — sanat figurative art. fiğ bot. common vetch, Vicia sativa. fihrist, -ti 1. index. 2. catalog, catalogue, list, fiil 1. act, deed; law act. 2. gram, verb; predicate. —i bozuk of doubtful morals, immoral. — çekimi gram, conjugation. — gövdesi gram, verb stem, fiilen (.—.) actually, in actual fact, really; law in act; pol. de facto, fiili (..—) actual, real; de facto; acting. — hükümet de facto government. — ortaklık de facto corporation, fiilimsi gram, nonfinite verbal form, fiiliyat, -ti (.— ..) obs. acts, deeds.
Fiji 1. Fiji. 2. Fijian, of Fiji.
Fijili 1. (a) Fijian. 2. Fijian (person), fikir, -kri thought, idea, opinion, —imce in my opinion, —ini açmak to express one’s opinion. — adamı (an) intellectual, savant.
    —   alışverişi colloq. exchange of views. — almak /dan/, —ini almak /in/ to get (s.o.’s) opinion. — beyan etmek to give an opinion.
    —   edinmek to have an idea; to form an opinion (about). — hareketleri movements of thought. — hürriyeti freedom of thought.
    —   işçisi white-collar worker. (...) —inde olmak to be of the opinion; to have the intention (of). — i sabit see fikrisabit. — teatisi see fikir alışverişi. — vermek 1. to express one’s opinion. 2. /a/ to suggest a course of action (to s.o.). — yormak colloq. to ponder, think hard, rack one’s brains. — yürütmek to put forward an idea, state one’s opinion.
fikirsiz without an opinion, fikirsizlik lack of an opinion, fikren (/.) as an idea, as a concept, in thought, fikri (.—) mental, intellectual, fikrisabit, -ti (/.— .) fixed idea, idee fixe, fiks fixed. — menü table d’hote (a complete meal offered at a fixed price), fiksatif fixative (used on paintings), fikstür sports fixture.
fil 1. zool. elephant, Elephas. 2. chess bishop.
    —   gibi colloq. 1. huge, enormous, very fat.
    2. gluttonous. — gibi yemek colloq. to eat like a horse, have an enormous appetite. — hastalığı/sayrılığı path, elephantiasis. — yürüyüşü sports elephant walk.
filaman elec. filament.
filan colloq. 1. so-and-so. 2. a certain person, you know who. 3. what’s his name; what’s her name. 4. around, roughly, approximately, or so: Kırk kişi filan gitti. Forty or so people left. Yirmi nisanda filan olacak. It’ll be on the twentieth of April or thereabouts. 5. and people such as they, Brit, and co.; and such, and so forth, and so on, and what have you, and what not; et cetera, etc.: Amerika-
filanca
300
filtresiz
    lılar, Fransızlar, Ruslar filan geldiler. The
    Americans, the French, the Russians, and so on have come. Cumhurbaşkanlarıyla, başbakanlarla filan tanışmış bir adamım ben. I’m a man who’s met presidents, prime ministers, and such. — falan/festekiz/feşmekân/ fıstık/fıstan/fişman colloq. 1. given people, these people; given things, these things. 2. and people such as they, and that lot; and what have you, and what not; et cetera, etc.
    3. such and such: Filan falan günlerde filan falan şehrimizi ziyaret edecek. On such and such days such and such people will visit our city.
filanca (./.) colloq. 1. so-and-so, such and such a person. 2. such and such a .... filanmci colloq. 1. such and such a, a given (day/time): mart ayının filanmci gününde on a given day in March. 2. (s.o.) who occupies a given numerical position; (s.t.) which occupies a given numerical position, filariz mallet for beating out flax, filarizlemek /i/ to scutch (flax), filarmoni philharmonic society, filarmonik philharmonic. — orkestra philharmonic orchestra, filbahar bot., see filbahri, filbahri bot. mock orange, Philadelphus coro-narius.
fildekoz 1. lisle, lisle thread. 2. lisle, made of lisle thread.
fildişi, -ni (/..) 1. ivory. 2. ivory (of a tooth).
    3. ivory, ivory white. 4. ivory, made of ivory.
    —  gibi colloq. pale white. — karası ivory black.
Fildişi Kıyısı, -nı (/..) the Ivory Coast.
Fildişi Sahili, -ni (/..) see Fildişi Kıyısı. file-1, string bag. 2. hair net. 3. netting, filed slang peeping Tom. filecilik slang being a peeping Tom. filelmasi, -m (/...) bot. elephant apple, wood apple, Feronia elephantum. fileminyon butchery filet mignon. filenk, -gi see felenk. filet, -ti naut. shallows, shoal, fileto (./.) 1. butchery fillet; loin, sirloin, tenderloin. 2. (continuous) stripe, band, line (of color) (used to separate an area of one color from that of another color), filfaresi, -ni (/—..) zool. elephant shrew, Mac-roscelididae. filgiller zool. Elephantidae. filhakika (/.— .) obs. in truth, truly, filigran watermark (in paper), filigranlı watermarked, filika (./.) ship’s boat; lifeboat, filinta (./.) carbine, short-barreled gun. — gibi colloq. handsome (man).
Filipin (./.) Philippine. — Adaları Philippine Islands.
Filipinler (./..) the Philippines.
Filipinli (./..) 1. Filipino; Filipina. 2. Filipino, of the Philippines.
filispit slang 1. dead drunk. 2. very stylishly (dressed).
Filistin (./.) 1. Palestine. 2. Palestinian, of Palestine. ^
Filistinli (./..) 1. (a) Palestinian. 2. Palestinian (person).
1filiz young shoot, sprout; bud; tendril; sucker, basal shoot (of a plant). — gibi colloq. slender and beautiful (woman). — sürmek to shoot, sprout.
2filiz ore.
filizi (.— —) light green, filizkıran a cold storm on May 16th. filizlemek /ı/ to prune the surplus shoots/sprouts/ buds of (a plant), filizlenmek 1. to put forth shoots/sprouts/buds/ tendrils/suckers; to sprout. 2. to begin to develop, sprout, burgeon, filizli having young shoots; having sprouts/ buds/tendrils/suckers. filizli containing ore.
                                                                 filkulağı, -m (.'...) bot. elephant’s ear, taro, film 1. film (for a camera). 2. film, movie, flick, motion picture. 3. med. X-ray. 4. slang a sight to see. —ini almak /ml 1. to film. 2. med. to X-ray. — çekmek 1. to take a movie.
    2. med. to take an X-ray. — e çekmek hi to film. — çevirmek 1. to make a movie. 2. slang to show off, swagger. 3. slang to have fun, have a good time. — i koparmak slang to talk incoherently (when drunk). — makinesi movie camera. — oynamak cin. for a movie to play, for a film to be shown. — oynatmak cin. to play a movie, show a film.
    —      stüdyosu film studio, —leri yakmak slang to spoil a scheme/a plan. — yıldızı movie star, film star, filmci 1. moviemaker; cameraman. 2. slang liar, unreliable person, filmcilik 1. moviemaking. 2. selling movies;
    hiring out movies, filmografi filmography, filo (/.) 1. fleet. 2. squadron. 3. slang louse, filogenez biol, phylogeny. filoksera (./..) 1. zool. grape phylloxera, grape louse, Phylloxera vitifoliae. 2. phylloxera infestation, filolog philologist, philologian. filoloji philology, filolojik philological, philologic. filotilla (../.) flotilla, filoz net float.
filozof 1. philosopher. 2. philosophical (in character).
filozofça (../.) 1. philosophical. 2. philosophically.
filozoflaşmak to become philosophical, philosophize.
filozofluk thinking/behaving philosophically;
    being a philosopher, filtre (/.) filter. — kâğıdı filter paper, filtreli (/..) filter-tipped, filter, filtresiz (/..) nonfilter, without a filter.
 fılıını
301
 fîşek
filum biol. phylum.
filvaki (.'—.) obs. in fact, actually. — ... ama even though.
Fin 1. (a) Finn. 2. Finnish, pertaining to Finland, the Finns, or the Finnish language. — hamamı sauna, final, -li 1 .sports final; the finals. 2. mus. finale.
    —e kalmak sports to go on to the finals, finalist, -ti finalist, finalizm phil. finalism. finansal financial.
finanse used in: — etmek hi to finance, finansman 1. financing, the process of getting money (for a project). 2. the money available to carry out a project. — bonosu commercial bill/paper. — gideri financial expense.
fincan 1. coffee cup; teacup. 2. elec. porcelain insulator. — gibi colloq. wide open, bulging (eyes). — oyunu parlor game in which a ring is hidden under one of a number of inverted cups. — zarfı metal cup holder, fincanböreği, -ni (./...) a round, savory, stuffed pastry, fincancı maker/seller of cups. — katırlarını ürkütmek colloq. to get o.s. into trouble with people who can harm one, open Pandora’s box.
fincanlık 1. enough to fill (so many) cups. 2.
    big enough to hold (so many) cups.
Fince (/.) 1. Finnish, the Finnish language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Finnish, Finnish. 3. Finnish (speech/writing); spoken in Finnish; written in Finnish, fingirdek colloq. coquettish, flirtatious, fingirdemek to behave coquettishly. fingirdeşmek to flirt with each other, fingir fingir (./ ..) used in: — fingirdemek colloq. to behave in a very coquettish manner.
finiş 1. finish, end. 2. sports finish line. — e kalkmak to make a final dash for the finish line, put on a final sprint, fink used in: — atmak colloq. to gallivant, gad about.
Finlandiya (./..) 1. Finland. 2. Finnish, of Finland.
FinlandiyalI (./...) 1. (a) Finn. 2. Finnish (person).
Finli 1. (a) Finn. 2. Finnish (person), fino (/.) 1. a very small dog with long/shaggy hair, lap dog. 2. slang hashish.
                               Fin-Ugor 1. Finno-Ugric, the Finno-Ugric languages. 2. Finno-Ugric, Finno-Ugrian, firak, -ki (.—) obs. separation, firaklı obs. sad, melancholy, firar 1. fleeing, flight; escape; getaway. 2. slipping off, sneaking off, abscondence. 3. mil. desertion. 4. pol. defection. 5. truancy, playing truant (from school). — etmek 1. to flee; to escape. 2. to slip off, sneak off, abscond.
    3. mil. to desert. 4. pol. to defect. 5. to play truant (from school), —a kadem basmak
    colloq. to run away, take to one’s heels. — noktası art vanishing point, firari (.-----) 1. (a) fugitive, (a) runaway; es-
    capee. 2. someone who has slipped off. 3. mil. deserter. 4. pol. defector. 5. (a) truant (from school). 6. fugitive, runaway, escaped.
    7.    (s.o.) who has slipped off. 8. truant (pupil), firavun 1. Pharaoh. 2. colloq. tyrant, cruel person. 3. playing cards faro, firavunfaresi, -ni (../—..) zool. ichneumon, Herpestes ichneumon. firavuninciri, -ni (../...) bot. prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica. firavunlaşmak colloq. to behave cruelly and despotically, fire com. loss, decrease, diminution (of weight); wastage; shrinkage. — vermek 1. com. to be reduced by wastage; to diminish, shrink. 2. slang to display a fault of character or a moral shortcoming, firez prov. 1. standing grain, crop. 2. sprouting grain. 3. stubble (of grain), firfir (.—) see firfiri.
 firfiri (.----) 1. purplish rose (as a color). 2.
    purplish rose, of a purplish rose color, firik prov. 1. nearly matured grain. 2. roasted fresh grain, firkat, -ti obs. separation, absence, firkateyn hist, frigate, firkete (..'.) hairpin.
 firketelemek (./...) hi to pin up (one’s hair), firma (/.) 1. firm, company. 2. legal name of a company.
 firuze (.—.) 1. turquoise, turquois (a mineral).
    2.    turquoise, turquoise blue, fisebilillah (—'.—..) expecting nothing in return.
 fiske 1. flick, flip (with the finger). 2. a very small amount, pinch. 3. pimple. — dokundurmamak /a/ colloq., see fiske kondurmamak. — fiske kabarmak to be covered with pimples. — kondurmamak /a/ colloq. to protect (s.o./s.t.) from the minutest danger/ harm. — fiske olmak see fiske fiske kabarmak. — taşı small pebble used as a marble.
    —     vurmak /a/ to give (s.t.) a flick, fiskelemek hi 1. to give (s.t.) a flick. 2. colloq.
    to wound (s.o.) with words, fiskos colloq. furtive whispering. — etmek to whisper furtively, fistan 1. woman’s dress. 2. kilt; evzone’s skirt, fistanlı 1. wearing a dress. 2. kilted, fistanlık (material) suitable for making â dress, fisto (/.) 1. decorative scalloped ribbon. 2. a kind of cloth decorated with stitched patterns, fistolu (/..) trimmed with a scalloped ribbon, fistül path, fistula.
 fiş 1. plug (on an electrical cord). 2. index card.
    3. gambling chip. 4. token, counter. 5. slip (of paper), receipt. — açmak to prepare a file card or a record form, —ini tutmak /in/ to note (another’s) behavior on a record slip.
 fişek 1. cartridge, cartouche (for a gun). 2. roll
fişekhane
302
 fizibilite
    of coins. 3. any projectile used as a firework, skyrocket. — atmak 1. colloq. to startle those present with a remark, drop a bomb (in the course of a conversation). 2. /a/ slang to have sexual relations (with), *fuck. — gibi colloq. swiftly, fast. — kovanı cartridge case, shell. — salıvermek colloq. to arouse someone’s suspicions of another, fişekhane (..—.) cartridge factory, fişeklik 1. cartridge belt; bandoleer. 2. cartridge box.
fişka (/.) 1. raising an anchor. 2. anchor hook (on the side of a ship), fişlemek hi 1. to prepare an index card for, prepare a card index on. 2. (for the police) to open a file on (s.o.). fişlenmek 1. to be entered on an index card, be indexed on cards. 2. to be the subject of a file at a police office, fişli 1. entered on an index card, indexed on cards. 2. on file at a police office, fişlik 1. card catalog; card file. 2. (paper) suitable for index cards.
*fit, -ti colloq. divisive talk. — sokmak/vermek /a/ to incite (s.o.) against another.
2fit, -ti 1. being even, having no score to settle.
   2. /a/ colloq. consenting, satisfied (with). — olmak 1. slang to be quits. 2. /a/ colloq. to be content (with), agree to (the offer/the outcome).
ffit, -ti feet (measure of length), fitçi colloq. 1. mischief-making, (one) who stirs up discord. 2. mischief-maker, fitçilik colloq. mischief-making, being a mis-chief-maker. fitil 1. wick (of a candle/a lamp/a lighter). 2. fuse, fuze (of a bomb, explosive charge, etc.).
   3. surg. wick; tent. 4. suppository. 5. tailor. piping. 6. slang dead drunk, lit up, smashed, soused, higher than a kite. 7. a card game in which the low score wins. —i almak colloq. 1. to blow one’s top. 2. suddenly to become perturbed. — gibi slang dead drunk, lit up, smashed, soused, higher than a kite.
   —  olmak slang to become dead drunk, be lit up. — vermek /a/ colloq. to incite; to enrage.
fitillemek /ı/ 1, to put a wick in (a candle/a lamp/a lighter). 2. to fuze, fuse, fit a fuse to (a bomb, explosive charge, etc.). 3. to light the fuse of. 4. colloq. to incite (s.o.) to do something rash. 5. colloq. to make (s.o.) blow his/her stack, fitillenmek 1. (for a candle/a lamp/a lighter) to be fitted with a wick. 2. (for a bomb, explosive charge, etc.) to be fuzed, be fused, be fitted with a fuse. 3. (for a fuse) to be lit. 4. colloq. to be incited to a rash act.
   5.     colloq. to be made all hot and bothered, fitilli 1. having a wick, fitted with a wick. 2. fuzed, fused, fitted with a fuse, having a fuse. 3. tailor, piped, trimmed/finished with piping. 4. ribbed (velvet). — kadife cordu-
   roy. — tüfek matchlock gun. fitings pipe fittings.
fitlemek /i/ colloq. 1. to set (s.o.) against another. 2. to criticize (s.o.) behind his/her back, backbite, fitlenmek colloq. to be set against someone, fitne 1. discord, dissension, strife (instigated by s.o. not actually involved in it). 2. mischief -making (person). — fücur colloq. (one) who sets one person against another. — sokmak colloq. to set one person against another, fitneci 1. mischief-making (person). 2. mischief -maker.
fitnecilik mischief-making, being a mischief -maker.
fitnelemek /ı/ to criticize (s.o.) behind his/her back, backbite, fitnelik mischief-making, stirring up discord, fitre Islam alms required to be given at the close of Ramazan, fiyaka (./.) showing off, show-off, swagger; posing. — smı bozmak Iml to put an end to (s.o.’s) swagger, deflate. — satmak slang to put on airs, show off. — yapmak slang to show off. fiyakacı (./..) 1. poseur, show-off. 2. swaggering, showy, pompous, fiyakalı (./..) 1. showy, gaudy, flashy. 2. pretentious, ostentatious, fiyasko (./.) colloq. failure, washout, fiasco.
   —   vermek to end in failure.
fiyat, -ti price. —ından aşağıya satmak hi to sell (s.t.) at a price below cost. — ayarlamak to adjust prices. — biçmek /a/ to estimate a price (for). — desteği econ. price support. —lan dondurmak to freeze prices. — düzeyi econ. price level. — etiketi com. price tag. — etkisi econ. price effect. —farkı price difference. — haddi price limit, ceiling price. — indeksi price index. — indirimi reduction. — istikrar fonu price stabilization fund. — kazanç oranı price-earnings ratio.
   —   kırma com. price cutting. — kırmak to reduce the price. — kontrolü econ. price control. — koymak /a/ to fix the price (of).
   —   listesi list of prices, price list, schedule of prices. — savaşı com. price war. — teklif etme com. bidding. — teklif etmek com. to make a bid. — teorisi econ. price theory. — vermek /a/ to quote a price (for).
fiyatlanmak colloq. to get expensive, go up in price.
fiyonga (./.) see fiyonk, fiyonk, -gu bowknot, bow. fiyort fjord, fiord.
fiyu (/.) zool. widgeon, wigeon, Anas penelope/ Mareca penelope. fizalya (./.) zool. Portuguese man-of-war, Phy-salia.
fizibilite feasibility, practicability. — araştır-ması/çalışması/etüdü/incelemesi feasibility study. — raporu a report on the feasibility of a project.
 fizik
 303
fonda
fizik 1. physics. 2. physique. 3. physical. — la-boratuvarı physics laboratory. — tedavisi physical therapy, physiotherapy. — yapısı build (of a person’s body), fizikçi 1. physicist. 2. physical therapist. 3. colloq. physics teacher.
fiziki (.------) physical. — coğrafya physical
    geography. — yorgunluk ph^ical fatigue, fizikötesi, -ni (./...) 1. metaphysics. 2. metaphysical, metaphysic, fiziksel physical. — kimya physical chemistry, fizyokrat, -ti 1. physiocrat. 2. physiocratic. fizyokratlık physiocratism, physiocracy, fizyolog physiologist, fizyoloji physiology, fizyolojik physiological, fizyolojist, -ti physiologist, fizyonomi physiognomy, fizyonomist, -ti physiognomist, fizyoterapi physiotherapy, physical therapy, fizyoterapist, -ti physiotherapist, physical therapist.
F.K.B. (abbr. for fizik, kimya, biyoloji) a one
    -year course of. studies in physics, chemistry, and biology given to university freshmen majoring in scientific subjects, llama (/.) 1. signal flag; streamer, pennant. 2.
    surveyor’s rod, stadia rod. flamacı (/..) semaphorist.
Flaman 1. Fleming, a native of Flanders. 2. Flemish, of Flanders or the Flemish. 3. Flemish, of the Flemish language.
Flamanca (./.) 1. Flemish, the Flemish language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Flemish, Flemish. 3. Flemish (speech/writing); spoken in Flemish; written in Flemish, flamangiller zool. Phoenicopteridae. flamankuşu, -nu (./..) zool., see flamingo, flamanlar zool. Phoenicopteri. flamingo (./.) zool. flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber.
Flandra (/.) Flanders.
flandra (/.) pennant; long narrow streamer carried at the head of the mainmast, flandrabalığı, -ni (/....) zool. red bandfish, Cepola rubescens. flanel flannel, flanş flange.
flaş I.phot, flash. 2. phot, flashbulb; flash lamp;
    flashgun. 3. flash, news flash, flavta (/.) mus. flute, flavtaci (/„) flutist, flautist, flebit, -ti path, phlebitis, flegmon path, phlegmon, fleol, -lü bot. timothy, timothy grass, herd’s -grass, Phleum pratense. flibit, -ti path., see flebit, flit, -ti 1 . spray insecticide. 2. (insecticide) spray % gun.
flitlemek /i/ to spray (a place) with insecticide, flok, -ku naut. jib (sail), flor chem. fluorine, flora (/.) bot. flora.
floresan fluorescent. — lamba fluorescent lamp.
floresans fluorescence, flori hist, florin, florence. florin florin, guilder, gulden.
^oş floss silk.
2floş playing cards flush, flotör float (in a mechanism used to regulate the level of the water in a tank). • flöre fencing foil.
flört, -tü 1. flirtation. 2. girl friend; boy friend.
    —      etmek to flirt, flu phot, blurred, out of focus, flurcun zool. hawfinch, Coccothraustes cocco-thraustes.
flurya (/.) zool. greenfinch, Chloris chloris.
flüor chem. fluorine.
flüorışı (./..) fluorescence.
flüorışıl (./..) fluorescent.
flüorit, -ti fluorite, fluorspar (a mineral).
flüorür chem. fluoride.
flüt, -tü mus. flute.
flütçü flutist, flautist.
FM (abbr. for frequency modulation) radio FM,
    F.M. (frequency modulation).
Fm chem. Fm (fermium). fob com. f.o.b., free on board, fobi (/.) phobia.
fodla (/.) a kind of bread formerly distributed free to the poor from soup kitchens, fodlacı (/..) 1. one who distributed fodla. 2.
    colloq. freeloader, fodlacihk (/...) colloq. freeloading. fodra (/.) tailor, interfacing, fodul vain, presumptuous, fodulca 1. somewhat vain, somewhat presumptuous. 2. (./.) vainly, presumptuously, fodulluk vanity, presumption, fok, -ku zool. seal, Phoca. fokbalığı, -m (/...) zool., see fok. fokgiller zool. Phocidae. fokstrot, -tu (/.) fox-trot (a dance), fokurdamak to boil up, bubble noisily, fokurdatmak hi to make (s.t.) bubble noisily, fokur fokur (./ ..) boiling up, bubbling noisily, fokurtu bubbling sound, fol poultry nest egg. — yok yumurta yok. colloq. There is no apparent reason for it ./There is no proof of its existence, folas zool. piddock, Pholas. folik chem. folic. — asit biochem. folic acid, folikül anat. follicle. — meyve bot. follicle, follicle fruit, folk, -ku folk. — müziği folk music, folklor, -ru 1. folklore. 2. colloq. folk dancing, folklorcu 1. folklorist. 2. colloq. folk dancer, folklorik folkloric. folluk nest box (for hens), fon 1. fund, designated fund. 2. cin., theat. background (of a set). 3. base coat, background color. 4. background. — akışı fin. flow of funds. — müziği background music, fonda (/.) naut. anchorage, place for anchoring.
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   F—! naut. Drop the anchor! — etmek naut. to drop anchor, fondan fondant, a soft candy, fondöten foundation (a cosmetic in liquid/cream form).
fonem ling, phoneme. — düşmesi elision of a phoneme, fonetik 1. phonetics. 2. phonetic, fonetikçi phonetician, phoneticist. fonksiyon function, fonksiyonalizm functionalism, fonksiyonel functional, fonograf phonograph.
fonograf! the recording of sound, phonography.
fonojenik phonogenic.
fonolit, -ti geol. phonolite, clinkstone.
fonolog phonologist.
fonoloji phonology.
fonotelgraf a telegram delivered by phone, font, -tu cast iron.
2font, -tu print., comp. font, fontanel anat. fontanelle, fontanel, fora (/.) naut. Open it!/Unfurl (the sail)! — etmek hi 1. naut. to open; to unfurl. 2. slang to pull (s.t.) off. — kürek, naut. Ship oars.
forklift, -ti (/.) forklift truck, forklift. form 1. a good state of mind and body. 2. form (filled in when applying/registering). 3. form, shape, —dan düşmek colloq. to be out of form, be in bad form, —da/—unda olmak colloq. to be in good form, be in form, forma (/.) 1. uniform (of a school/an athletic team). 2. print, sheet containing sixteen pages, signature. 3. form, shape, formaldehit, -ti chem. formaldehyde, formalık (/..) 1. (cloth) suitable for making school/athletic uniforms. 2. print, of (so many) signatures, formalist, -ti 1. (a) formalist. 2. formalist, formalistic.
formalite (../.) 1. formality. 2. red tape, formaliteci (...'..) stickler for form, one who is inflexible in small bureaucratic matters, formalizm formalism.
formasyon 1. formation, being formed. 2. training, education, format, -ti comp, format. — etmek l\l to format.
formatlamak /i/ comp, to format, formatli comp, formatted. — disket formatted diskette.
formen foreman (of a group of workers), formik chem. formic. — asit formic acid, formika (./.) formica, formol, -lü chem. Formol, formaldehyde. Formoza (./.) 1. Formosa. 2. Formosan, of Formosa.
Formozali (./..) 1. (a) Formosan. 2. Formosan (person).
formül 1. formula. 2. agreed solution, formula.
   3.    formula for a petition or a legal document, formüle used in: — etmek hi to formulate.
formüler formulary, collection of formulas, foroz amount of fish caught in one cast of the net. — kayığı boat used to remove fish from a stationary fish trap, fors 1. flag/pennant of office. 2. colloq. power, influence. — u olmak colloq. to have influence.
forsa (/.) galley slave, forsa (/.) print, pressure, forseps forceps, obstetrical pincers, forslu 1. flying the flag of office. 2. colloq. influential.
forsmajör force majeure, compulsion, forte (/.) mus. forte, fortepiyano (/....) mus. forte-piano. fortissimo (..—'.) mus. fortissimo, forum forum, forvet, -ti sports forward, fos colloq. false, sham, without foundation.
   —      çıkmak colloq. 1. (for s.t.) not to end up as one had hoped. 2. (for s.t.) to be long -drawn-out. — dalga slang treachery, deceit, fosfat, -ti chem. phosphate, fosfor chem. phosphorus, fosforışı (./..) phosphorescence, fosforışıl (./..) phosphorescent, fosforik chem. phosphoric. — asit phosphoric acid.
fosforlu 1. containing phosphorus. 2. phosphorescent. 3. slang gaudily dressed and heavily made up. fosil fossil. — yakıtlar fossil fuels, fosilleşme fossilization. fosilleşmek to fossilize, turn into a fossil, fosilli fossiliferous.
foslamak slang 1. to have one’s hopes dashed (by the outcome of s.t.). 2. to feel foolish, foslatmak hi slang to make (s.o.) feel foolish, fosseptik cesspool, cesspit, fosurdamak to puff, breathe out in puffs, fosurdatmak hi to puff on, smoke (a cigarette, pipe, etc.) in puffs, fosur fosur (./ ..) in puffs, taking long puffs, fosurtu 1. sound made when taking long puffs of a cigarette, pipe, etc. 2. colloq. pomposity, conceit, fota (/.) wine vat. fotin ankle boot.
foto (/.) 1. photo. 2. photographer. — muhabiri newspaper photographer, foto- prefix photo-.
fotoakım phys. photocurrent, photoelectric current.
fotobiyoloji photobiology, fotobiyolojik photobiologic, photobiological. fotoelektrik phys. 1. photoelectricity. 2. photoelectric. — etki photoelectric effect. — hücre photoelectric cell, elec tic eye. fotofiniş photo finish. — fotoğraf makinesi photo-finish camera, fotogrametri (.../.) photogrammetry. fotogrametrik (.../.) photogrammetric, photo-grammetrical.
fotoğraf                                          305
fotoğraf 1. photography. 2. photograph. — albümü photograph album, —mı almak /in/ to take (s.o.’s) picture. — atölyesi see fotoğraf stüdyosu. — çekmek to take a photograph. — çektirmek to have one’s photo taken. — çıkarmak slang to have a collision, damage one’s car. — makinesi phot, camera.
   —      stüdyosu photographer’s studio, fotoğrafçı 1. photographer. 2. photographer’s studio. 3. photo shop, fotoğrafçılık 1. profession of a photographer.
   2. photography, art of photography, fotoğrafhane (...—•.) photographer’s studio, fotojenik photogenic, fotokimya (...—) photochemistry, fotokimyasal (...— .) photochemical. — duman photochemical smog, fotokinezi photokinesis, fotokopi photocopy.
fotokopici photocopier, one who makes photocopies, fotolitografi photolithography, fotomekanik 1. photomechanics. 2. photomechanical, fotometre (../.) photometer, fotometri (../.) photometry, fotomodel photographer’s model, fotomontaj photomontage, foton phys. photon, fotonötron phys. photoneutron, fotonükleer photonuclear. — tepkime photo-nuclear reaction, fotoroman fiction related through photographs, fotosel photocell, photoelectric cell, fotosentez photosynthesis, fotosfer photosphere, fotoskop, -pu photoscope, fotoşimi photochemistry, fototaksi see fototaktizm, fototaktizm phototaxis, phototaxy. fototerapi phototherapy, fototropi phototropy. fototropizm phototropism. fovizm Fauvism.
foya (/.) 1. foil (for setting off a gem). 2. colloq. trick, fraud, —sı meydana/ortaya çıkmak colloq. to be shown up. fötr 1. felt. 2. felt hat, fedora: — şapka felt hat, fedora, föy page, leaf: anket föyü questionnaire.
Fr chem. Fr (francium).
fragman cin. prevue, preview.
frak formal dress suit; swallow-tailed coat.
fraklı in swallow-tails.
fraksiyon pol. faction.
fraktür med. fracture.
francala (/..) fine white bread sold as a long-ish thin loaf, francalacı (/...) baker/seller of fine white bread, frank, -gi franc.
Fransa (/.) 1. France. 2. French, of France. Fransali (/..) 1. French person; Frenchman; Frenchwoman. 2. French (people).
                                                                                                    fresk
Fransız (/.) 1. French person; Frenchman; Frenchwoman. 2. French, of France or its people or language. — İhtilali/Devrimi the French Revolution. — salatası slang a confused heap of playing cards.
Fransızca (./.) 1. French, the French language. 2. (speaking/writing) in French, French. 3. French (speech/writing); spoken in French; written in French.
Fransız Guyanalı 1. (a) French Guianese, (a) French Guianan. 2. French Guianese (person), French Guianan (person).
Fransız Guyanası, -m 1. French Guiana. 2. French Guianese, French Guianan, of French Guiana.
fransiyum (/..) chem. francium, frapan striking (clothing/colors), frekans phys. frequency, fren mech., auto, brake. — ayarı brake adjustment. — balatası brake lining. — çubuğu brake rod. — kasnağı brake drum. — kolu connecting rod of a brake. — mili brake shaft. — pedalı brake pedal. — yağı hydraulic brake fluid. — yapmak to put on the brake/the brakes, apply the brake/the brakes, frengi path, syphilis. — yeniği chancre, frengi naut. scupper. — deliği naut. scupper hole.
frengili path, syphilitic.
Frengistan formerly Europe.
Frenk, -gi formerly European. — altını debased European gold coin, frenkarpasi, -m (/...) pearl barley, frenkasmasi, -ni (/...) hot. Virginia creeper, Parthenocissus quinquefolia.
Frenkçe (/.) 1. European language. 2. French, frenkçileği, -ni (/...) bot. hautbois strawberry, Fragaria moschata. frenkeriği, -ni (/...) greengage plum, frenkgömleği, -ni (/...) shirt, frenkinciri, -ni (/...) bot. prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica. frenklahanasi, -m (/....) bot. Brussels sprouts, Brassica oleracea gemmifera.
Frenkleşmek to acquire European ways, frenkmaydanozu, -nu (/....) bot. chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium. frenkmenekşesi, -ni (/....) bot. dame’s violet, damewort, Hesperis matronalis. frenksalatasi, -ni (/....) bot. rampion, Campanula rapunculus. frenküzümü, -nü (/...) bot. red currant, Rib es rubrum.
frenlemek /ı/ 1. to brake (a vehicle). 2. to hold (s.o./o.s.) in check, hold (s.o./o.s.) back, restrain (s.o./o.s.) (from), frenlenmek to be held in check, be held back, be restrained (from), frenleyici 1. anat. blocking. 2. holding in check, holding back, restraining, frenoloji phrenology, frenolojik phrenological, phrenologic. fresk, -ki fresco. — yapmak to paint in fres-
freze
 306
füzyon
    co, fresco.
freze (/.) 1. milling machine, miller; shaper. 2. countersink (for beveling a hole). — bıçağı milling cutter. — makinesi milling machine, miller, frezeci (/..) milling machine operator; shaper, frezelemek /ı/ 1. to mill (s.t.) on a milling machine; to shape (s.t.) on a shaper. 2. to countersink (a hole), frezya (/.) bot. freesia, Freesia. fribord (/.) naut. freeboard, frigo (/.) 1. chocolate ice cream bar. 2. slang cold fish.
frigocu (/..) seller of chocolate ice cream bar. frigorifik refrigerated (transport).
Frigya (/.) 1. Phrygia. 2. Phrygian, of Phrygia or the Phrygian language.
Frigyali (/..) 1. (a) Phrygian. 2. Phrygian (person).
frijid psych, frigid.
frijider 1. refrigerator. 2. the freezing compartment of a refrigerator, frijidite psych, frigidity, frikik (/.) 1. soccer free kick. 2. slang a glimpse of thigh. — yakalamak slang to catch a glimpse of thigh, see a bit of leg. friksiyon massage, rubbing.
Frikya (/.) see Frigya.
Frikyali (.'..) see Frigyali. frisa (/.) dried herring, frişka (/.) naut. light breeze, fritöz electric deep fryer (a cooking utensil), friz 1. arch, frieze. 2. theat. border (hung above a stage set), frizbi (/.) frisbee, frisby. fruko (/.) slang cop (wearing a riot helmet), friiktoz fructose, fruit sugar, f sayısı, -m phot, f number, fuar fair, exposition, fuaye foyer (in a theater/a cinema), fuel-oil fuel oil. fuhuş, -hşu prostitution, fukara (..—) 1. poor, destitute, indigent. 2. poor person; the poor. 3. poor, miserable, unlucky.
    4.     dervish. (...) —si colloq. lacking in, without: beyin fukarası idiot, simpleton. — babası colloq. one who helps the poor. — nm düşkünü, beyaz giyer kış günü, proverb (A poor person wears white in the winter.) When you have come down in the world you have to make do with whatever you find. — nm tavuğu tek tek yumurtlar, proverb The poor person’s hen lays its eggs one at a time (whereas the rich person’s hen lays them several at a time), fukaralık (..— .) poverty, destitution, indigence, fukusgiller bot. Fucaceae. ful, -lü bot. 1. broad bean. 2. Arabian jasmine, Jasminum sambac.
2ful colloq. completely (usually used in combination with an adjective): Ful doluyuz. We’re all full up. fular foulard.
fule stride, step.
fultaym (/.) 1. full time. 2. full-time, fulya (/.) bot. jonquil, Narcissus jonquilla. fulyabalığı, -m (/....) zool. eagle ray, Mylio-batis aquila.
fulyabalığıgiller (/.....) zool. Myliobatidae.
funda (/.) bot. heath, Erica. — toprağı humus of heath, fundagiller (/...) bot. Ericaceae. fundalar (/..) bot. Ericales. fundalık (/..) land covered with heath, fundamentalist, -ti 1. (a) fundamentalist. 2.
    fundamentalist, fundamentalistic. fundamentalizm fundamentalism, fundasıçanı, -ni (/....) zool. degu, Octodon degus.
fundatavuğu, -nu (/....) zool. brush turkey, Catheturus lathami. funya (/.) see fünye. furgon freight car.
furya (/.) run (of fish); glut; rush; boom, fussa (/.) zool. fossa, foussa, Cryptoprocta ferox.
fut, -tu foot (unit of length).
*futa (/.) large silk towel/apron.
2futa (/.) naut. gig.
futbol, -lu soccer, Brit, football. — maçı soccer match. — takımı soccer team, futbolcu soccer player.
fuzuli (.— —) unnecessary, needless, superfluous. — işgal unlawful occupation of property, squatting. — tasarruf illegally/unau-thorizedly contracting/selling, fücceten (/..) suddenly (to die). — ölmek to die a sudden death, füg, -gü mus. fugue, füjer bot. (any) fern.
füme 1. smoked (fish/meat). 2. smoke-colored.
   —   cam smoked glass.
fümerol, -lü gases and vapor which issue from a fumarole.
fünye 1. primer, detonator (for explosives). 2. artillery primer; percussion cap, percussion primer.
füru, -uu (.—) obs. 1. branches, subdivisions.
    2. children, grandchildren, füsun (.—) obs. 1. magic, magical charm. 2.
    attractiveness, charm, fütuhat, -ti (.—.) obs. conquests; victories, fütur (.—) obs. languor, listlessness. — etmemek /a/ not to care, not to mind (about). — getirmek to lose zeal, show loss of energy, fütursuz indifferent (to public opinion, possible criticism or consequences), fütürist, -ti 1. (a) futurist. 2. futurist, futuristic, fütürizm futurism, füze (/.) rocket, missile, füzeatar rocket launcher, rocket gun. füzen 1. charcoal pencil. 2. charcoal drawing, füzesavar antiballistic missile; antimissile missile, antimissile, füzyon phys. fusion. — enerjisi fusion energy.
   —   reaktörü fusion reactor.
G
G 1. the letter G. 2. mus. G (the fifth note in the scale of C major or the key based on this note). — vitamini vitamin G.
G.  (abbr. for Güney) S. (South, Southern).
Ga chem. Ga (gallium), gabardin gabardine, gabari transport loading gauge, gabavet, -ti (.—.) obs. slowness of comprehension.
gabi (.—) obs. slow-witted, slow.
gabilik (.—.) obs. slowness of comprehension.
gabin, -bni obs. 1. fraudulent overcharge. 2.
   fraud, cheating on a sale.
Gabon (/•) 1. Gabon, the Republic of Gabon.
   2. Gabon, Gabonese, of Gabon.
Gabonlu (/..) 1. (a) Gabonese. 2. Gabonese (person), gabro (/.) geol. gabbro. gabya (/.) naut. 1. topmast. 2. topsail, gacırdamak to creak, make a creaking sound, gacırdatmak /i/ to creak, make (s.t.) creak, gacır gacır (./ ..) see gacır gucur, gacır gucur (./ ..) creakingly, creakily. — etmek to creak, make a creaking sound, gacırtı creaking noise, creaking, creak, gaco (/.) slang 1. woman, skirt, dame, chick. 2. mistress, doxy. 3. effeminate homosexual male, queen; drag queen. 4. homosexual male, queer. — oskisi English coin bearing the queen’s portrait, gaddar cruel. — olmak to be cruel, gaddarca (./.) 1. cruelly. 2. cruel (act), gaddare (.—.) a heavy double-edged scimitar, gaddarlık cruelty. — etmek to act cruelly, be cruel.
gadir, -dri 1. cruelty. 2. injustice. — e uğramak
   1. to be wronged. 2. to be treated unmercifully.
gadirlik prov. 1. cruelty. 2. injustice, gadolinyum (../.) chem. gadolinium, gadretmek (/..) /a/ obs. 1. to wrong, treat (s.o.) unjustly. 2. to treat (s.o.) unmercifully, show (s.o.) no mercy, gadrolmak (/..) obs. 1. to be wronged. 2. to be treated unmercifully, gadrolunmak (.'...) obs., see gadrolmak. Gaelce (./.) 1. Gaelic, the Gaelic language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Gaelic, Gaelic. 3. Gaelic (speech/writing); spoken in Gaelic; written in Gaelic, gaf gaffe, blunder, faux pas. — yapmak to commit a gaffe.
gafil (—.) 1 . unwary, not alert, off one’s guard.
   2. careless; negligent. 3. /dan/ unaware of, oblivious of/to, blind to. 4. absentminded.
   —  avlamak III to catch (s.o.) unawares, take (s.o.) unawares, catch (s.o.) napping (and then take advantage of him/her). — avlanmak to be caught unawares, be taken unawares, be caught napping. — davranmak
   1. to be unwary, be off one’s guard. 2. to be careless; to be negligent. 3. to act absent-mindedly. —e kelam, nafile kelam .proverb Words of advice are wasted on someone who won’t heed them.
gafilane (—.— .) obs. 1. unwarily. 2. carelessly; negligently. 3. obliviously, blindly. 4. absent-mindedly. 5. unwary (action). 6. careless/negligent (action). 7. (action) which stems from obliviousness. 8. absentminded (action).
gafillik (—..) 1. unwariness. 2. carelessness; negligence. 3. unawareness, obliviousness, blindness. 4. absentmindedness. — etmek
   1. to be unwary, be off one’s guard. 2. to be careless; to be negligent. 3. to be woolgathering, go woolgathering.
gaflet, -ti 1. unwariness. 2. carelessness; negligence. 3. unawareness, obliviousness, blindness. 4. absentmindedness, woolgathering; bemusement. 5. drowsiness. —le 1. unwarily.
   2. carelessly; negligently. 3. obliviously, blindly. 4. absentmindedly; bemusedly. 5. drowsily. — basmak /a/ 1. to feel sleepy, be ready to fall asleep: Bana gaflet bastı. I’m ready to fall asleep. 2. unconsciously to relax one’s guard. 3. to act carelessly; to act negligently. 4. to become oblivious to what is going on. 5. to go woolgathering, fall into a reverie. — e düşmek 1. to act unwarily. 2. to act carelessly; to act negligently. 3. unconsciously to relax one’s guard. — etmek
   1. to be unwary, be off one’s guard. 2. to be careless; to be negligent. 3. to be oblivious to what is going on. — gelmek /a/ see gaflet basmak, —e gelmek see gaflete düşmek.
   —  göstermek 1. to be unwary, be off one’s guard. 2. to be careless; to be negligent. 3. to be oblivious to what is going on. — uykusu colloq. 1. woolgathering: Gaflet uykusuna daldı. She’s gone woolgathering. 2. drowsiness. 3. unawareness, obliviousness, blindness. 4. carelessness; negligence. 5. unwariness.
gafleten (/..) obs., see gafletle.
gag, -gi theat., cin. gag.
gaga 1. beak, bill. 2. slang mouth, trap. — bu-
 gagalama                                          308
   run 1. hook-nosed. 2. hooknose. 3. a Black Sea sailing vessel with a high prow and stern.
   —yı ıslatmak slang 1. to drink something alcoholic, have a snort, wet one’s whistle. 2. to profit, get something out of it. 3. to gain some money through graft. — yı kısmak slang to stop talking, shut one’s trap, —smdan yakalamak /ı/ colloq. to have (s.o.) at one’s mercy, have (s.o.) by the short and curlies.
                                                           gagalama hi 1. pecking. 2. colloq. berating, tearing into, ripping into, gagalamak h! 1. to peck. 2. colloq. to berate, tear into, rip into, gagalanma 1. being pecked. 2. colloq. being berated, being torn into, being ripped into.
    —     düzeni pecking order, gagalanmak 1. to be pecked. 2. colloq. to be berated, be torn into, be ripped into, gagalaşmak 1. to peck one another. 2. to bill and coo.
                                                           gagalı 1. beaked, billed, possessed of a beak.
   2. a Black Sea sailing vessel with a high prow and stern, gagalibalina (../...) zool. bottle-nosed whale, bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus. gagalimemeli (../...) zool. duckbill, duckbill platypus, platypus, Ornithorhynchus anat-inus.
gagamsı 1. beaklike. 2. anat. coronoid.
Gagauz see Gagavuz.
                                                           Gagavuz 1. (a) Gagavuz, a member of a group of Christian Turks resident in the Balkans.
   2. Gagavuz, of the Gagavuz or their language.
Gagavuzca (../.) 1. Gagavuz, the Turkic language of the Gagavuz people. 2. (speaking/ writing) in Gagavuz, Gagavuz. 3. Gagavuz (speech/writing); spoken in Gagavuz; written in Gagavuz.
Gagoğuz see Gagavuz, gâh (—) (repeated) sometimes: gâh burada, gâh orada sometimes here, sometimes there, gâh uykuda, gâh uyanık now asleep, now awake.
gaile (—..) trouble, worry, strain; burden, cares, gaileli (—...) 1. troublesome/worrisome/burdensome (thing). 2. troubled, worried (person).
                                                           gailesiz (—...) 1. trouble-free, worry-free (thing).
    2. untroubled, free of cares. — baş, yerin altında, proverb (The only untroubled head is the one in a grave.) As long as you live, you’ll have troubles, gailesizlik (—....) 1. lack of trouble, lack of problems (in connection with s.t.). 2. carefree state (of a person), gaip (—.) 1. absent, not to be seen; missing, lost. 2. the invisible world. 3. obs., gram. the third person, —ten haber vermek to foretell, divine, bring a message from the spirit world, gaiplik (—..) 1. absence; being missing. 2. law
                                                                                                       galoş
   disappearance. — kararı a legal decision whereby a missing person is presumed dead, gaita (—..) med. feces, gak, -ki caw (of a crow), gaklama cawing (of a crow), gaklamak (for a crow) to caw.
                                                             Gal, -li Welsh, of the Welsh or their language, gala (/.) 1. gala opening, gala premiere. 2. banquet (given after an official ceremony).
   —      gecesi gala premiere, galaksi (./.) astr. galaxy, galalit, -ti Galalith. galan slang rich gambler, galat, -ti error, mistake.
Galata (./.) the former name of Karaköy (a district in Istanbul), galatıhis, -ssi (./..) obs. illusion, galatımeşhur (./...) grammatical mistake sanctioned by usage, galebe 1. victory, win. 2. supremacy, predominance, winning out. — çalmak/etmek 1. to win, be the victor, be victorious. 2. to get the upper hand, come out on top, win out. galen geol. galena, galenit, -ti geol. galenite. galeri 1. arch, gallery. 2. art gallery. 3. gallery (in a mine). 4. theat. gallery, balcony. 5. showroom or display lot (for automobiles/ machinery).
galeta (./.) breadstick; a crisp unsweetened biscuit. — unu breadstick crumbs (for breading meat, fish, patties, etc.). galeyan (..—) 1. upsurge of emotion. 2. obs. boiling. — etmek 1. for one’s emotions to be highly aroused, be carried away by one’s emotions. 2. obs. to boil, —a gelmek for one’s emotions to become highly aroused, —a getirmek III to raise (s.o.’s) emotions to a high pitch. — noktası obs. boiling point, gali (/.) 1. galley, a long low medieval ship propelled by oars and sails. 2. galley, the kitchen of a ship, galiba (—'.—) It looks like .../It seems .../It would seem that ...: Galiba kar yağacak. It looks like it’s going to snow, galibarda (../.) deep red (a color), galibiyet, -ti (—...) victory, win.
Galiçya (./.) Galicia.
galip (—.) 1. winning, victorious; vanquishing, overcoming, conquering. 2. winner, victor; vanquisher, conqueror. 3. vanquishing, overwhelming, superior. — çıkmak /dan/ to come out on top (in), end up the victor (in).
   —   gelmek 1. to win, be the victor, be victorious. 2. to get the upper hand, come out on top, win out.
galiz dirty, filthy, indecent, repulsive, obscene. Galler Ülkesi, -ni Wales.
Galli 1. Welshman; Welshwoman. 2. Welsh (person).
galon 1. gallon. 2. cylindrical metal container used for gasoline, kerosene, etc. galoş overshoe, galosh.
 galsama                                            309
galsama obs., zool., see galsame, galsame obs., zool. gill (of a fish), galvaniz galvanization.
galvanize galvanized. — etmek hi to galvanize, galvanizleme galvanization, galvanizing, galvanizlemek hi to galvanize, galvanizlenmek to be galvanized, galvanizli galvanized, galvanizm phys. galvanism, galvano (./.) electrotype, electro, galvanokoter med. galvanocautery. galvanometre (.../.) galvanometer, galvanoplasti electroplating, galvanoskop, -pu galvanoscope. galyot, -tu naut. galliot, galiot. galyum (/.) chem. gallium.
*gam grief, sorrow; anxiety, worry. — çekmek to grieve, sorrow; to suffer anxiety. — değil. colloq. It doesn’t matter ./Never mind ./That’s okay ./Forget it. — yememek colloq. not to grieve; not to worry.
2gam mus. scale.
gama (/.) gamma. — ışınımı gamma radiation.
   —     ışınları gamma rays, gamaglobiilin biochem. gamma globulin, gamalı comprising a gamma. — haç swastika, gammadion.
Gambiya (/..) 1. the Gambia, the Republic of Gambia. 2. Gambian, of the Gambia.
Gambiyali (/...) 1. (a) Gambian. 2. Gambian (person), gambot, -tu navy gunboat, gamet, -ti biol. gamete, gamlanmak 1. to be laden with grief, sorrow.
   2. /a/ to grieve over/about; to worry about, gamlı heavy with grief, sorrowful, gamma (/.) see gama.
gammaz 1. informing, squealing, sneaking, tattling (person). 2. informer, informant, squealer, sneak, tattler, tattletale. 3. talebearing, telltale (person). 4. talebearer, telltale, tattletale.
   5.    backbiting (person). 6. backbiter. — olmasa tilki pazarda gezer, proverb (If there were no informers, a fox would wander around in the market.) If there were no police, criminals would do as they pleased, gammazlamak 1. /ı, a/ to inform on, tell on, squeal on, sneak on, or tattle on (s.o.) to (s.o. else). 2. hi to tell tales about, tattle on. 3. hi to backbite, gammazlık 1. being an informant, informing, telling on, squealing, sneaking, tattling. 2. being a talebearer, talebearing; 3. being a backbiter, backbiting, gamsele (./.) raincoat, oilskin, Brit, mackintosh, gamsız 1. untroubled, unworried. 2. carefree, lighthearted, happy-go-lucky, slaphappy, easygoing.
gamsızlık 1. being untroubled. 2. carefreeness, lightheartedness, gamze 1. dimple. 2. obs. coquettish glance.
Gana (/.) 1. Ghana, the Republic of Ghana. 2. Ghanaian, of Ghana.
                                                                                                gardıfren
Ganalı (/..) 1. (a) Ghanaian, (a) Ghanian. 2.
   Ghanaian (person), gang, -gi gangue, gang, gangliyon ganglion, gangster gangster; racketeer, gangsterlik 1. being a gangster; being a racketeer. 2. gangsterism; racketeering, gani (.—) 1. abundant. 2. obs. rich. — gani abundantly. — ganimet abundance of anything to be had for the taking. — gönüllü see gönlü gani, —si olmak Iml to pretend indifference toward (s.t. one desires), ganilik (.—.) 1. abundance, plenty. 2. wealth, ganimet, -ti (.—.) spoils, booty, loot. — almak hi to seize, capture. — bilmek hi colloq. to look on (an occasion) as a godsend; to seize (an opportunity), ganyan horse racing 1. the winner (horse). 2.
   winning ticket, ganyot, -tu gambler’s slang the rake-off. gapar zool. cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus.
*gar large railway station.
2gar (—) obs. cave, cavern; cavity, garabet, -ti (.—.) strangeness, unusualnestf, peculiarity, oddity, queerness, bizarreness, weirdness, eccentricity, outlandishness, garaip (.—.) obs. strange things, oddities; weird happenings.
garaipten (.— ..) obs. very strange, extremely odd, very queer, most weird, garaj 1. garage. 2. bus station, bus depot (for intercity buses).
garami (.-------) obs., lit. lyric, lyrical.
garanti 1. guaranty, guarantee. 2. colloq. sure, certain; certainly, without doubt. — akçesi guarantee money. — belgesi warranty, a written guarantee. — etmek hi to guarantee (s.t.). garantilemek hi 1. to guarantee. 2. to make sure (of), make certain, garantili 1. guaranteed. 2. sure, certain, garantör guarantor, guarantee, guaranty, garaz 1. rancor, grudge, spite, animosity, malice. 2. obs. purpose, aim, object. — bağlamak/ olmak /a/ to hold a grudge against, garazkâr (..—) obs. rancorous, spiteful, garazkârlık (..— .) obs. being full of rancor, spitefulness, garazlı rancorous, spiteful, garazsız 1. without rancor/malice, unspiteful. 2. without an ulterior motive; freely given, expecting nothing in return, expecting no compensation, with no strings attached. — ivazsız without expecting anything in return; with no hidden intention, garbi (.—) obs. western, west; pertaining to, situated in, or coming from the west, gard 1. basketball guard (a defensive player). 2. boxing, fencing guard (a posture of defense). —ını indirmek boxing to lower one’s guard, gardenparti (/...) garden party, gardenya (./.) bot. gardenia, Gardenia. gardıfren rail, brakeman.
 gardırop
gardırop 1. wardrobe, clothes cupboard, ar-moire. 2. cloakroom. 3. wardrobe, one’s stock of clothes.
gardiyan 1. prison guard, keeper, Brit, warder.
   2. guard in a lunatic asylum, gardiyanlık work of a prison guard, garez see garaz.
                                                           gargar a clay water jug with a built-in filter, gargara 1. gargling. 2. gargle. —ya getirmek III slang to deflect (a conversation) on purpose; to cover up (a situation) by distraction.
   —      yapmak to gargle, gargi used in: — etmek hi slang to risk (all of one’s winnings) on one throw of a die. gariban 1. wretched person, forlorn person. 2. poor, wretched, forlorn. 3. the wretched, the forlorn.
garip 1. strange, unusual, peculiar, odd, queer, curious, bizarre, weird, eccentric, outlandish, unfamiliar. 2. one living in a foreign land or far from home, stranger. 3. poor, wretched, forlorn. 4. moving, touching, pathetic. G—! colloq. How strange!/How curious!/That’s odd! — e bir selam bin altın değer, proverb To a person among strangers a friendly greeting is worth a thousand gold coins. — garip colloq. 1. in bewilderment, confusedly.
   2.     strangely, —ine gitmek Iml colloq. to strike (s.o.) as odd, appear strange to. — itin kuyruğu bacağı arasında gerek, proverb (A dog among strangers should keep its tail between its legs.) A person thrust among strangers should strictly mind his/her own business. — kuşun yuvasını Allah yapar, proverb God builds a nest for the homeless bird, garipleşmek 1. to grow strange, become peculiar, become odd, become weird. 2. to feel lonely, feel isolated; to feel lonely and homesick.
gariplik 1. strangeness, unusualness, peculiarity, oddity, queerness, bizarreness, weirdness, eccentricity, outlandishness. 2. living far from home, being a stranger. 3. wretchedness, forlornness.
garipsemek 1. to feel lonely, feel isolated; to feel lonely and homesick. 2. hi to find (s.t.) strange/peculiar/odd/queer/bizarre/weird. gark, -ki obs. 1. submersion, immersion; sinking. 2. drowning. — etmek /i, al see garket-mek. — olmak see garkolmak. garketmek (/..) h, al 1. to flood (s.t.) with (water). 2. colloq. to overwhelm (s.o.) with, smother (s.o.) with, drown (s.o.) with; to flood (s.t.) with (an abundance of s.t.). garkolmak (/..) 1. to submerge, sink. 2. to drown, be drowned. 3. /a/ colloq. to be overwhelmed with, be smothered with, be drowned in; to be flooded with, garnitür 1. cookery garnish, garniture, trimmings (of a dish). 2. trimming, garniture (of a dress). 3. print, furniture, garnizon mil. 1. garrison. 2. garrison, military post. — komutanı/kumandanı garrison
310                                          gastroskop
   commander.
Garp obs. 1. the West, the Occident. 2. Western, Occidental: Garp memleketleri Western countries. — Ocakları Ott. hist, name applied to Tripoli, Tunisia, and Algeria. — Trablusu 1. Tripoli (the region). 2. Tripoli (the city).
garp obs. 1. the west. 2. the West, the Occident.
   3. western: garp ufku the western horizon.
   4.    Western, Occidental, garpçı obs. advocate of Western ways, proponent of westernization, westemizer, Occidentalism
garpçılık obs. Westernism, advocacy of western ways.
Garpkâri (.-------) obs. made/designed accord-
   ing to a Western style.
Garplı obs. Westerner, Occidental, garplı obs. 1. westerner, person who comes from the western part of a place. 2. Westerner, Occidental. 3. westernized person. 4. Western, Occidental (person), garplılaşma obs. westernization, becoming westernized, occidentalization. garplılaşmak obs. to become westernized, become occidentalized. garplılaştırma hi obs. westernization, occidentalization.
garplılaştırmak hi obs. to westernize, occiden-talize.
Garplılık obs. being a Westerner; the ways peculiar to a Westerner, Westernism, Occidentalism.
garplılık obs. 1. being a westerner; the ways peculiar to a westerner, westemism, occidentalism, occidentality. 2. being a Westerner; the ways peculiar to a Westerner, Westemism, Occidentalism. 3. being someone who has been westernized; the ways of someone who has been westernized, garson waiter.
garsoniye service charge in a restaurant, garsoniyer place maintained by a man for extramarital/illicit love affairs, garsonluk the work of a waiter, waitering. gaseyan (..—) obs. 1. nausea. 2. vomiting, throwing up. — etmek to vomit, throw up. gasip (—.) obs. (one) who seizes by violence; usurper.
gasil, -sli washing of the dead, gasletmek (/..) hi to wash (the dead), gasp 1. seizure by violence; usurpation. 2. law wrongful seizure. — etmek hi see gaspet-mek.
gaspetmek (/..) hi to seize (s.t.) by violence;
   to take (s.t.) wrongfully, usurp, gastrit, -ti path, gastritis, gastroenterolog gastroenterologist, gastroenteroloji 1. gastroenterology. 2. department of gastroenterology, gastroenterology, gastronom gastronome, gastronomi gastronomy, gastroskop, -pu med. gastroscope.
gastroskopi                                      311
gastroskopi med. gastroscopy, gastrula (./.) biol. gastrula. gaşiy, -şyi obs. rapture, ecstasy, gaşyetmek (/..) hi obs. to enrapture, fill with ecstasy.
gaşyolmak (/..) obs. to be enraptured, be filled with ecstasy, gauss phys. gauss, gavot, -tu gavotte, gavot, gâvur off. 1. giaour, non-Muslim, Christian.
   2. infidel, unbeliever. 3. merciless, cruel, heartless; obstinate. — bozuntusu slang stutterer, stammerer. — un ekmeğini yiyen gâvurun kılıcını çalar, proverb A person who will work for a giaour will bear his sword as well.
   —      etmek 111 to squander, waste (s.t.). — eziyeti 1. deliberately making someone’s job hard. 2. backbreaking work. — icadı invention imported from the West. — inadı pigheadedness, obstinacy, —a kızıp oruç yemek/bozmak to harm o.s. in an effort to spite someone else, cut off one’s nose to spite one’s face. — olmak 1. to become a Christian. 2. to be wasted. — orucu gibi uzamak to be interminable, go on endlessly. — ölüsü gibi very heavy/bulky. — un tembeli keşiş, Müslümanm tembeli derviş olur, proverb A lazy Christian becomes a monk just as a lazy Muslim becomes a dervish, gâvurca (./.) off. 1. a European language. 2. in a European language. 3. mercilessly, cruelly, heartlessly.
gâvurcasına (./...) off. mercilessly, cruelly, heartlessly.
gâvurlaşmak off. to become merciless, become cruel, become heartless, gâvurluk off. 1. being a giaour, being a non -Muslim, being a Christian. 2. being an infidel, unbelief. 3. mercilessness, cruelness, heartlessness. — etmek (—u tutmak) to be merciless, act cruelly, be heartless, gayakol guaiacol.
gaybubet, -ti (.—.) obs. absence, —inde in the absence of. — etmek to be absent, absent
   o.s.
gayda (/.) mus. bagpipe, gaydacı (/..) 1. bagpiper, piper. 2. maker/seller of bagpipes, gaye (•—.) aim, goal, purpose, intention, end, object, objective, target, —siyle for the purpose of, with the intention of, aiming at. gayeli (—..) having an aim, having a goal, having an objective, gayesiz (—..) aimless, without a goal, without a purpose, gayet, -ti (—\) very, extremely, greatly, gayetle (—'..) colloq., see gayet, gayr, -ri obs. another person; another thing; other people. — e muhtaç olmak to be dependent on someone else, gayret, -ti 1. effort, energy, perseverance. 2. arduous effort, endeavor, exertion; zeal. 3. protective feeling. G—! colloq. Keep at it!/
                                                                                                gayriakli
   Persevere! —ini çekmek Iml see gayretini gütmek. — dayıya düştü, colloq. It’s time for an expert to take over, —ine dokunmak to be stimulated to greater effort. — etmek to endeavor, try hard, do one’s best.
   —e gelmek 1. to get into a working spirit. 2. to become enthusiastic, get steamed up.
   —e getirmek hi to rouse (s.o.) to action.
   —     göstermek to give one’s all, try one’s hardest, —ini gütmek Iml to take the part of, side with. — vermek /a/ to encourage, gayretkeş 1. overzealous, excessively exertive.
   2. partial, biased, gayretkeşlik 1. overzealousness, excessive exertion. 2. partiality, being biased, gayretlenmek 1. to get into a working spirit.
   2. to become enthusiastic, get steamed up. gayretli hardworking, endeavoring, diligent, gayretlilik working hard, endeavoring, diligence.
gayretsiz making no effort, not endeavoring, nondiligent.
gayretsizlik not working hard, expending no effort, nondiligence, gayrı (/.) 1. prov. henceforth, from now on, now: Gayrı o köye gidemem. I can’t go to that village any more. 2. prov. now (often used with a statement which serves as a forceful conclusion to some preceding remarks): Oldu gayrı. Now it’s done. Yeter gayrı! That’s enough! 3. /dan/ other than, apart from. 4. another; another person; another thing: Bunun gayrisi yok. This is something unique. 5. another, different: O gayrı bir şey. That’s something different.
   6. used in combination with adjectives/ nouns to create adjectives/nouns which usually begin with a prefix such as non-, un-, dis-, in-: gayrıkâfi insufficient, gayn-müsavat inequality (These words are also written separately, e.g. gayrı muayyen indefinite.).
gayri (/.) 1. used in combination with adjectives/nouns to create adjectives/nouns which usually begin with a prefix such as non-, un-, dis-, in-: gayrikabil impossible, gay-rikabilitarif indescribable, gayrimeşruiyet unlawfulness (These words are also written separately, e.g. gayri ilmi unscientific.). 2. prov. henceforth, from now on, now: Gayri senden haber beklemem. From now on I won’t expect any news from you. 3. prov. now (often used with a statement which serves as a forceful conclusion to some preceding remarks): Sus gayri! Just keep quiet!
   4. /dan/ other than, apart from. 5. another; another person; another thing: Bu ilacm gayrisi yok. This medicine is unique. 6. another, different: Gayri bir şey o. That’s something else.
gayriahlaki (/..-------) immoral.
gayriahlakiye (/..— —.) obs. immoralism. gayriakli (/..—) obs. irrational.
gayriaskeri
312
gazellenmek
gayriaskeri (/...—) obs. nonmilitary. — mıntıka demilitarized zone, gayriihtiyari (/...— —) 1. involuntary, instinctive, nonintentional. 2. involuntarily, instinctively, automatically, gayriilmi (/..—) obs. unscientific.
gayriiradi (/..-------) obs. involuntary.
gayrikabil (/.—.) obs. impossible, gayrikabilidevir, -vri (/.—....) obs., law inalienable.
gayrikabiliitiraz (/.— ..— ..) obs., law incontestable.
gayrikabilikiyas (/.— ....) obs. incomparable, gayrikabilirücu, -uu (/.—...—) obs., law irrevocable.
gayrikabilişifa (/.-...—-) obs. incurable, gayrikabilitahammiil (/.—........) obs. unbear-
   able, unendurable, insupportable, gayrikabilitahmin (/.—....) obs. 1. incalculable. 2. unforeseeable, unpredictable, gayrikabilitelafi (/.— ...— —) obs. unrequitable; irreparable, gayrikâfi (/.— —) obs. insufficient, gayrikanuni (/.— — —) obs. unlawful, gayrikasdi (/..—) obs. unintentional.
gayrikiyasi (/..------) obs., gram, irregular.
gayrilayik (/.-—.) /a/ obs. unworthy (of), undeserving (of), gayrimaddi (/..—) obs., phil. immaterial, incorporeal.
gayrimaddiye (/..—.) obs., phil. immaterialism. gayrimahdut (/...) obs. unlimited, gayrimahsus (/...) obs. imperceptible, gayrimakul, -lü           obs. unreasonable,
gayrimalum (/.—.) obs. unknown, gayrimemnun (/...) obs. displeased; discontented.
gayrimenkul, -lü (/...) law 1. immovable, real (property). 2. a piece of real property, real estate. — rehni mortgage, gayrimeskûn (/..—) obs. uninhabited, gayrimesul, -lü (/...) obs. 1. /dan/ not responsible (for). 2. irresponsible, lacking a proper sense of responsibility. 3. irresponsibly, gayrimeşru, -uu (/..—) 1. unlawful. 2. illegitimate, bom out of wedlock, gayrimuayyen (/....) obs. indefinite; indeterminate.
                                                            gayrimuharip (/..— .) obs. 1. (a) noncombatant. 2. noncombatant. 3. (a) nonbelligerent. 4. nonbelligerent, gayrimuhtemel (/....) obs. improbable, unlikely, gayrimuntazâm (/....) 1. untidy, disorderly.
   2. irregular, uneven, not straight. 3. untidily, in a disorderly fashion. 4. irregularly, unevenly.
gayrimümkün (/...) impossible, gayrimünasip (/..— .) obs. 1. inappropriate, unsuitable; unseemly. 2. objectionable, gayrimüsavat, -ti (/..— .) obs. inequality, gayrimüsavi (/..— —) obs. unequal, gayrimüslim (/...) 1. (a) non-Muslim. 2. non -Muslim.
gayriresmi (/..—) 1. unofficial. 2. informal.
   3.  unofficially. 4. informally.
gayrisafi (/.-------) com. gross (as opposed to
   net). — milli hâsıla gross national product, gayrişahsi (/..—) obs. 1. impersonal. 2. impersonally.
gayrişuuri (/..— —) obs. 1. unconscious. 2. unconsciously.
gayritabii (/..-----) 1. unnatural. 2. unnaturally.
gayrivaki, -ii (/.— .) obs. (s.t.) that did not happen, that did not take place, gayrivazih (/.—.) obs. unclear; vague.
Gayya (.—) Islam a well in hell, gayya (.—) used in: — kuyusu colloq. a mess, place of confusion, gayzer geyser, hot spring, gayzerit, -ti geyserite.
*gaz tulle. — bezi gauze (for bandaging).
2gaz 1. phys. gas. 2. kerosene. 3. gas, wind, flatus. —a basmak 1. auto, to step on the gas.
   2.  slang to clear out, beat it, scram. — bombası gas bomb. — çıkarmak to break wind, fart. — hali gaseous state. — haline getirmek h! to gasify. — kelebeği throttle valve (in a carburetor). — kesmek slang to cut short (what one is saying). — ı kesmek auto. to throttle it; to throttle it down. — lambası kerosene lamp. — maskesi gas mask. — ocağı kerosene burner. — odası gas chamber.
   —      pedalı auto, accelerator. — sayacı gas meter. — sobası kerosene heater. — tenekesi kerosene can. gaza (.—) military campaign on behalf of Islam.
gazal, -li zool. gazelle, Gazelle dorcas. gazap wrath, rage, fury, furor, anger, —a gelmek to be enraged, fall into a rage, get furious, get mad, get angry. — ma uğramak Iml to suffer the rage of, fall victim to (s.o.’s) wrath.
gazaplandirmak III to enrage, infuriate, madden.
gazaplanmak to be enraged, fall into a rage, get furious, be infuriated, get mad, get angry, gazaplı wrathful, enraged, furious, infuriated, mad, angry.
*gazel 1. Ott. poet, ghazel, ghazal, gazel (lyric poem of a certain form). 2. classical Turk, mus. extemporaneous vocal taksim. — okumak 1. to recite a ghazel. 2. classical Turk, mus. to extemporize a taksim vocally. 3. colloq. to talk bunk (in order to deceive/distract s.o.).
2gazel autumn leaf.
gazelboynuzu, -nu (./...) bot. bird’s-foot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus. gazelhan 1. reciter of ghazels. 2. classical Turk.
   mus. vocal extemporizer of a taksim, gazeliyat, -ti (...—) Ott. poet. 1. ghazels; lyrical poems written in the form of a ghazel.
   2.     a section of ghazels in a divan, gazellenmek 1. (for a leaf) to change its color and dry up. 2. (for a tree) to shed its leaves.
 gazete
gazete (./.) 1. newspaper. 2. gazette. 3. editorial offices or press of a newspaper, the newspaper. — bayii 1. newspaper seller, newspaper dealer, newsdealer; newsman; newswoman; newsboy. 2. newsstand, Brit, news stall. 3. newspaper distributor. — çıkarmak 1. to publish a newspaper. 2. slang to swap stories after lights-out (in a school dormitory). — dağıtıcısı newspaper seller, newspaper dealer, newsdealer; newsman; newswoman; newsboy. — ilanı newspaper advertisement. — kâğıdı newsprint. — muhabiri newspaper correspondent, newspaper reporter; newsman, newspaperman; newswoman, newspaperwoman. — müvezzii see gazete dağıtıcısı.
   —   toplatmak to confiscate an issue of a newspaper.
gazeteci (./..) 1. newspaper publisher, newspaperman; owner of a newspaper firm. 2. journalist, newspaper writer. 3. newspaper correspondent, newspaper reporter; newsman, newspaperman; newswoman, newspaperwoman. 4. newspaper seller, newspaper dealer, newsdealer; newsman; newswoman; newsboy.
gazetecilik (./...) 1. the newspaper business. 2. journalism, work of a journalist. 3. work of a newspaper correspondent or reporter. 4. selling newspapers, gazhane (.—.) gasworks. — koku/kömürü coke.
gazışı (/..) luminescence, gazışıl (/..) luminescent.
Gazi (------) the Ghazi (a title sometimes used
   to refer to Gazi Mustafa Kemal Paşa, i.e. Atatürk).
*gazi (-----) 1. victorious fighter for the Islamic
   faith, ghazi, gazi. 2. a title given to a victorious Muslim military leader: Osman Gazi, Gazi Mustafa Kemal Paşa. 3. a coin of the reign of Mahmud II inscribed with the word gazi. — altını a coin of the reign of Mahmud II inscribed with the word gazi, —ler helvası a kind of halvah.
2gazi (.—) obs. gaseous, gazibiği, -ni (/...) gas burner, gazilik (— —.) 1. being a ghazi. 2. the rank of a ghazi.
2gazilik (.—.) obs. gaseousness, gazino (..'.) 1. a big night club. 2. outdoor cafe, gazinocu (./..) one who operates a big night club or an outdoor cafe, gazinoculuk (./...) operating a big night club or an outdoor cafe, gaziya (—..) see gaziye, gaziye (—..) bot. acacia, Acacia. gazlamak 1. /ı/ to smear kerosene on (s.t.). 2. I\l to accelerate (an automobile). 3. slang to run away, scram, split. Gazla! slang Beat it!/Scram!/Get lost! gazlanmak 1. to be smeared with kerosene. 2.
   to become windy/gassy/flatulent, gazlaştırmak hi to gasify, convert (a solid/
 313                                               gece
   a liquid) into gas. gazlı 1. containing gas. 2. containing kerosene.
   3.    wet with kerosene. 4. colloq. windy, gassy, flatulent. — bez colloq. gauze (for bandag-ing). gazoil gas oil. gazojen gas generator, gazolin gasoline.
gazoma shoemaking seam around the edge of a stitched sole, gazometre (../.) 1. large gas storage tank, gasholder. 2. gasometer, gazometri (../.) see gazölçüm. gazoyl see gazoil, gazoz soda pop.
gazozcu maker/seller of soda pop. gazozculuk making/selling soda pop. gazölçer (/..) gasometer, gazölçüm (/..) gasometry. gaztaşı, -ni (/..) whetstone, gazyağı, -ni (/..) kerosene, gazyuvan, -m (/...) atmosphere.
Gd chem. Gd (gadolinium).
Ge chem. Ge (germanium), gebe 1. pregnant, expectant, gravid; /a/ big with (child). 2. pregnant woman, expectant mother. 3. pregnant animal. 4. /a/ pregnant with, containing (s.t. unknown). — bırakmak hi to make (a woman) pregnant, get (a woman) with child. — kalmak /dan/ to become pregnant (by), get with child (by). — zar gambler’s slang loaded die. gebelik pregnancy, gestation. — çırpmağı path. eclampsia. — i önleme contraception. — i Önleyici contraceptive. — testi pregnancy test, geberik contemptuous dead, gebermek contemptuous to die, croak, kick the bucket, give up the ghost, gebertilmek contemptuous to get killed, get bumped off, be rubbed out. gebertmek hi contemptuous to kill, bump (s.o.)
   off, rub (s.o.) out. gebeş 1. slang stupid, dumb, blockheaded. 2. slang idiot, dolt, blockhead, dumbbell, dumb cluck, klutz, ass. 3. dumpy, squat, short and fat.
gebeşaki (..— .) slang stupid, dumb, blockheaded.
gebeşlik 1. slang stupidity, blockheadedness.
   2. dumpiness, squatness.
1 gebre haircloth glove for grooming horse's. 2gebre 1. caper, bud or berry of a caperbush. 2.
   bot. caper, caperbush, Capparis spinosa. gebrelemek 111 to groom (a horse) with a haircloth glove.
gebrelenmek (for a horse) to be groomed with a haircloth glove, gebreotu, -nu (./..) bot. caper, caperbush, Capparis spinosa. gebreotugiller (./....) bot. Capparidaceae. gece 1. night, nighttime. 2. evening, eventide.
   3. at night. 4. in the evening. 5. overnight.
   6. soiree, evening, night, celebration. 7. noc-
 gecebalıkçılı                                      314
   tumal, night. — baskını night raid. — bekçisi night man, night watchman, —ler gebedir. proverb Nights are pregnant with new events. — gösterisi evening showing/performance (of a film/a play). — gözü kör gözü. proverb (Night eyes are blind eyes.) Fine work needs the light of day. — gündüz night and day, continuously. — gündüz dememek colloq. to take no account of the time of day.
   —yi gündüze katmak colloq. to work night and day, work very hard. — hayatı night life, —niz hayırlı olsun. Good night. — işçiliği slang night thieving. — işçisi 1. workman on the night shift, night man. 2. slang night burglar. — kadısı colloq. wife who exerts influence on her husband. — kalmak /da/ to stay overnight (in/at), spend the night (in/at). — kelebekleri zool. night-flying moths. — körlüğü night blindness. — kulübü nightclub. — kuşu 1. bat; owl, night bird.
   2. colloq. night person, night owl, nighthawk.
   3. colloq. night lifer. — lambası night-light.
   —  maçı sports night game. — silahlı, gündüz külahlı colloq. someone who is a Jekyll -and-Hyde sort of person. — vakti 1. at night. 2. in the evening. — vardiyası night shift. — yarısı 1. midnight. 2. in the middle of the night. — yatısı overnight visit. — yatısına gitmek /a/ to go to (s.o.’s) for overnight, go to (s.o.’s) to spend the night. — yatısına kalmak to be an overnight guest, stay overnight. — yayı astr. nocturnal arc.
gecebalıkçılı, -m (./....) zool. night heron, Nyc-ticorax.
gececi 1. working at night, working on a night shift, night (worker). 2. night worker, worker on a night shift, geceki, -ni (this/tomorrow/yesterday/that) night’s.
gecekondu 1. house put up quickly without proper permissions; squatter’s house. 2. a shack of a house, shanty, shack. — gibi (building) put up in a hurry, gecekonducu person living in a gecekondu; squatter.
gecelemek 1. /da/ to spend the night (in/at). 2. to stay up all night. 3. to get dark, for night/ darkness to fall, geceleri 1. nights, evenings. 2. every night, every evening, geceleyin (..'..) at night, by night, geceli gündüzlü (../ ...) 1. night and day, all the time, continually. 2. continual, unceasing, gecelik 1. pertaining to the night; lasting the night. 2.fin. overnight. 3. nightgown, nightie; nightshirt. 4. fee for the night. — külahıma anlat! colloq. (Tell it to my nightcap!)
    You can’t fool me!/Tell me another one! gecemaymunu, -nu (./...) zool. night ape, owl monkey, Aotes. gecesefası, -m (./.— .) bot. four-o’clock, Mi-rabilis jalapa. gecesefasigiller (./.— ...) bot. Nyctaginaceae.
                                                                                                         geçici
geceyanığı, -m (./...) a skin eruption, especially on the face/hands. . gecikme 1. delay, lateness; being behind scheduled. comp, latency. — faizi banking default interest.
gecikmek to be delayed, be late, gecikmeli delayed; (train/airplane/bus/ship) which is behind schedule. — faiz banking deferred annuity. — ödeme deferred payment.
geciktirim cin. suspense, tension, geciktirme delaying, geciktirmek hi to delay, make late, geç late, delayed. — işte hayır vardır, proverb A delay is sometimes a gain. — kalmak to be late. — olsun da güç olmasın, colloq. I don’t care if it’s not done on time; I just want to see it done. — vakit late in the evening.
*geçe (for indication of time) at ... past ...: saat onu beş geçe at five past ten.
2geçe prov. side, edge (of a stream, body of water, street, etc.); side, flank (of a hill, mountain, etc.). geçeğen temporary, transitory, geçek prov. 1. place of passage. 2. small wooden bridge.
geçen past, last. — gün the other day. — hafta last week. — sefer last time. — sene/yil last year.
geçende see geçenlerde, geçenek corridor, hall, geçenlerde lately, recently, geçer 1. current, in circulation, in common use. 2. desired, acceptable, in demand, popular, in vogue. — akçe colloq. something widely accepted.
geçerli 1. valid, effective, cogent. 2. current, valid, in effect. 3. desired, acceptable, in demand, popular, in vogue, geçerlik 1. currency, being in circulation. 2. acceptability, being in demand. 3. validity, effectiveness, cogency. 4. currency, validity, being in effect, geçerlilik see geçerlik.
geçersiz 1. invalid, not valid, null and void. 2. noncurrent, invalid, not in effect. 3. not in demand, out of vogue, geçersizlik 1. invalidity, lack of validity, being null and void. 2. being noncurrent, invalidity, not being in effect. 3. not being in demand, being out of vogue, geçici 1. passing, ephemeral, fleeting, temporary, transitory, transient. 2. temporary, provisional, interim. 3. contagious, infectious. — bellek comp, temporary storage. — bütçe provisional budget. — fatura pro forma invoice.
   —   işçi casual laborer. —■ madde temporary clause, provisional article (to a law, contract, etc.). — olarak temporarily; provisionally.
   —   ödenek provisional appropriation/allocation. — pay belgesi temporary share certificate.
 geçicilik                                            315
geçicilik 1. ephemerality, temporariness, transi-toriness, transience, impermanence. 2. temporariness, being provisional, geçilmek impersonal passive 1. to pass 2. /dan/ to pass through. 3. /dan/ to pass over, cross, traverse. 4. /dan/ to give up, abandon, geçilmemek /dan/ impersonal passive to be abundant: Sokakta arabalardan geçilmiyor.
   The street is so full of cars you can’t get through.
geçim 1. (a) living, livelihood. 2. getting along with one another, harmony. — derdi colloq. the struggle to make a living. — dünyası. proverb 1. In this world you have to think first of how you’re going to support yourself.
   2.  One must try to get along with others. — düzeyi standard of living. — genişliği affluence and ease. — indeksi cost of living index. — kapısı colloq. place where one earns one’s living. — masrafı cost of living.
   —      sıkıntısı bad straits. — yolu means of livelihood, bread and butter. — zorluğu see geçim sıkıntısı, geçimli easy to get along with, geçimlik livelihood, living wage, money to subsist on. geçimsiz difficult, fractious, geçimsizlik 1. discord, lack of harmony. 2. inability to get on with others or with each other, incompatibility; fractiousness, geçindirmek hi to support, sustain, maintain, provide for.
geçinecek livelihood, living wage, money to subsist on. geçinge budget.
geçinim subsistence, getting by. geçinme 1. subsistence, getting by. 2. /la/ getting on well (with), getting along (with). — indeksi cost of living index, geçinmek 1. /la/ to live on, make a living out of. 2. /la/ to get on well (with), get along (with). 3. colloq. to pass for, pretend to be.
   4.     /dan/ colloq. to live off/on, sponge off/ on. 5. prov. to die. geçinip gitmek colloq. to get along, get by, manage, geçinmeye gönlü olmamak /la/ colloq. to have no desire to get along (with), geçinmelik livelihood, living wage, money to subsist on. geçirgen permeable; pervious, geçirgenlik permeability; perviousness, geçirilmek 1. to be passed. 2. /dan/ to be passed through. 3. /dan/ to be passed over. 4. /a/ to be carried over to, be moved over to; to be transported to, be conveyed to (a place). 5.
   /a/ to be recorded on/in, be entered in/on, be registered in, be written down on/in. 6.
   /a/ (for glass) to be put/fit/fixed/inserted into (a frame). 7. /a/ (for a cover/a case) to be put/slipped on/over. 8. /a/ (for a ring) to be put/slipped on. 9. (for s.o.) to be seen off.
   10. /a/ (for s.o.) to be accompanied to (a place). 11. /da/ (for a period of time) to be
                                                                                             geçiştirilmek
   passed/spent at/in. 12. /dan/ to be subjected to, be inflicted with. 13. /a/ (for a disease) to be transmitted to (s.o./an animal), be spread to (s.o./an animal). 14. /la/ (for a period of time) to be spent on/in/by (doing s.t.). geçirimli permeable; pervious, geçirimlilik permeability; perviousness, geçirimsiz impermeable; impervious, geçirimsizlik impermeability; imperviousness, geçirmek 1. hi to have (s.o./s.t.) pass. 2. /i, dan/ to have (s.o./s.t.) pass through, have (s.o./ s.t.) go through. 3. /i, dan/ to have (s.o./s.t.) pass over, cross, or traverse. 4. /i, a/ to pass (s.t.) through. 5. /i, a/ to carry (s.t.) over to, move (s.t.) over to (a place); to transport (s.t.) to, convey (s.t.) to (a place). 6. /i, a/ to record (s.t.) on/in, enter (s.t.) in/on, register (s.t.) in, write (s.t.) down on/in, put (s.t.) down on/in. 7. /i, a/ to put/fit/fix/insert (glass) into (a frame). 8. /i, a/ to put/slip (a cover/a case) on/over. 9. /i, a/ to put/slip (a ring) on. 10. h! to see (s.o.) off. 11. /i, a/ to accompany (s.o.) to (a place). 12. /i, da/ to pass/spend/ have (a period of time) at/in. 13. /i, a/ to put (a garment) on. 14. /i, dan/ to subject (s.o.) to, inflict (s.o.) with. 15. hi to have, be involved in (an accident). 16. hi to have, suffer from, be afflicted with (a disease). 17. hi to have, undergo (a medical operation).
   18.  Iı, âl to transmit (a disease) to (s.o./an animal), spread (a disease) to (s.o./an animal), infect (s.o./an animal) with (a disease).
   19.  Ill to transmit (light, heat, etc.). 20. /i, la/ to spend (a period of time) on/in/by (doing s.t.). 21. /la, il to get by with (s.t.) for (a period of time). 22. /a/ slang to *fuck, * screw.
geçirmez impermeable, -proof, -tight; impervious.
geçirmezlik impermeability; imperviousness, geçirtmek 1. /a, ı/ to have (s.o.) pass (s.t.) through/over. 2. /i, dan/ to have (s.o.) cross/ traverse (a place). 3. /i, dan/ to have (s.o./ s.t.) passed through/over. 4. /i, a/ to have (s.t.) moved/carried over to (a place). 5. /i, a/ to have (s.t.) recorded on/in, have (s.t.) written down on/in. 6. /a, ı/ to have (glass) put/fit/fixed/inserted into (a frame). 7. /a, ı/ to have (a cover/a case) put/slipped on/over, geçiş 1. passing, crossing. 2. transition. 3. mus. transition; modulation. 4. intermediate tone between two primary colors. — belgesi passport. — dönemi transition period. — üstünlüğü traffic right of way. geçişim phys. osmosis. — dirençsizliği med.
   erythrocyte fragility, osmotic fragility, geçişli gram, transitive (verb), geçişme 1. interpenetration. 2. phys. osmosis, geçişmek to interpenetrate, be diffused, geçişsiz gram, intransitive (verb), geçiştirici med. palliative, mitigating, alleviative. geçiştirilmek to be passed over without much trouble.
 geçiştirmek                                         316
geçiştirmek hi 1. to pass over (a matter) lightly.
   2. to escape (s.t.) with little harm; to get rid of (s.t.) quite easily. 3. /i, la/ to get by with, get along on/by. 4. hi to palliate.
geçit 1. passageway, passage, a way through.
   2.  mountain pass. 3. ford. 4. astr. transit. 5. parade. — hakkı law right-of-way, right of passage (through another’s land). — töreni parade. — vermek to be fordable; to have a passage through, be passable.
geçkin 1. elderly, past one’s prime. 2. overripe, overmature (fruit). 3. past its prime, passe (flower). 4. /i/ past: altmışı geçkin over sixty.
geçkinlik 1. being past one’s prime. 2. overripeness, overmaturity (of fruits). 3. (of a flower) being past its prime.
geçme 1. passing, passage. 2. crossing, traverse. 3. elapsing, elapse. 4. tenon. 5. consisting of parts which fit or slide one within another, telescopic, telescoped. 6. dovetailed, joined by mortise and tenon; interlocking.
   —   çubuk sectioned tobacco pipe. — kapak sliding lid.
geçmek 1. to pass. 2. /dan/ to pass by, go by.
   3.  /dan/ to pass through, go through. 4.
   /dan/ to go down (a street/a road/a corridor).
   5.  /dan/ to pass over, cross, traverse. 6. hi to pass through, pass over, cross. 7. /dan/ to undergo, go through. 8. /dan/ to renounce one’s claim to. 9. /dan/ to give up, abandon.
   10. /da/ (for one’s life, a period of time) to be spent in. 11. (for a period of time) to pass, elapse. 12. to take place, happen, occur. 13.
   /dan, a/ (for a disease) to pass from (s.o.) to (s.o. else), spread from (one place) to (another). 14. /dan, a/ to pass from (s.o.) to (s.o. else) (through heredity). 15. /a/ to move to. 16. /dan/ to go through a period of, pass through a period of; to go through, pass through, come through (a profession, an institution, a field of study, a type of training, etc.); to be schooled in. 17. /a/ to penetrate, affect. 18. /a/ to come into (power/ authority). 19. /a/ to pass on to, pass over to. 20. hi to pass, overtake, go past; to outstrip. 21. to move on, keep moving; to go ahead, go on. 22. to pass, be over, end, come to an end, finish. 23. hi to surpass, exceed, outdo, outstrip, outrun. 24. h! to skip over, skip, pass over. 25. h! to play; to sing; to perform; to learn (a piece of music) by practicing. 26. /i, dan/ to learn (a piece of music) from (s.o.). 27. (for a stove/a fire/ embers) to go out, become cold, be dead.
   28. /a/ to pass into, be recorded as (history); to be recorded in, be written down in (a book); to be put into (writing). 29. to be current, be in use, be valid, be in effect. 30. to be in demand, sell, be popular, be in vogue. 31. to be mentioned, be written/spoken about, be referred to. 32. hi to pass (one’s class). 33. /dan/ to pass (an exam). 34. /a/ to take (one’s place), go to
                                                                                                       gedik
   (one’s place). 35. /dan/ (for a road/a river) to pass through, pass by. 36. (for fruit) to get rotten, dry up, spoil. 37. to get o.s. out of something, get o.s. off the hook, be shut of an involvement. 38. slang (an auxiliary verb used after some nouns) to do, make: diskur geçmek to spiel. Geçelim, colloq. Let us not talk about it. (...) geçtim colloq. let alone: Mektubu geçtim, bir kartpostal olsun yazamıyor mu? Can’t he at least write a postcard, let alone a letter? Geçti Bor’un pazarı, sür eşeğini Niğde’ye, colloq. It is too late to do anything about that; so let’s think about doing something else. Geç! (Geç efendim!) colloq. Leave it!/Don’t waste your time on it ./It’s not worth talking about. Geçme namert köprüsünden, ko aparsın su seni, proverb (Don’t cross a bridge of shame; let the water carry you away instead.) It’s better to endure hardship than to be obligated to a despicable person. Geçtim olsun, colloq. Forget about it. Geç yiğidim geç! colloq. Pass by, my brave one (said in giving way to s.o. who is more powerful than o.s.).
geçmelik toll, fee paid for passage.
geçmiş 1. past, passed. 2. past; bygone. 3. overripe, overmature (fruit). 4. past its prime, passe (flower). 5. past, the past. 6. forefathers, ancestors. 7. the dead, the deceased.
   —i boklu vulg. damned (person). — i çıngıraklı colloq., see geçmişi kandilli, —te gelecek zaman gram, past intentional: (-ecek-ti). —te geniş zaman gram, aorist past: (-erdi), —i kandilli colloq. damned (person).
   —lerini karıştırmak Iml colloq. to abuse the ancestors (of a person). — i kınalı colloq., see geçmişi kandilli, —e mazi, yenmişe kuzu derler, proverb (They call the past past, and what they have eaten they call lamb.) That’s ancient history now; forget about it and think about the future. — ola! colloq. 1. Gone forever (said about a missed opportunity). 2. May you recover soon!/I’m sorry about your bad luck. — olsun! May you recover soon!/I’m sorry about your bad luck.
   —i olmak /la/ colloq. to have known (s.o.) in the past. — olsuna gitmek to pay a visit to someone who has experienced illness or anything unpleasant. — öncesi gram, past perfect, pluperfect: (-mişti). —ine rahmet! Mercy be upon your/his/her dead relatives (formula of blessing). — i tenekeli colloq., see geçmişi kandilli, —ine yandığım colloq. damned (person). — zaman gram, past tense. — zaman görünümü gram, perfective aspect. — zaman ortacı gram, past participle.
gedik 1. breach, gap; notch. 2. mountain pass, notch. 3. colloq. fault, defect. 4. colloq. loophole (in the law). 5. colloq. difficult situation.
   6. Ott. hist, privilege. — açılmak colloq. to have a need arise suddenly. — açmak /da/ to make a breach (in). — kapamak colloq.
 gedikli
   to fill the gap. — kapmak colloq. to get hold of a source of income, —ten kurtulmak colloq. to get out of a difficult situation.
   —e takılmak colloq. to be cornered, —leri tıkamak colloq. to stop the gaps, gedikli 1. breached, gapped; notched. 2. regular guest, patron, constant frequenter. 3. mil. regular NCO. 4. slang repeater (in a class).
   —      çavuş mil. sergeant; warrant officer, gedilmek prov. to be breached, gedmek /ı/ prov. to make a breach (in), geğirmek to burp, belch, eructate, eruct. geğirti burp, belch, eructation.
geğrek prov. lower rib, false rib. — batması sudden pain in one’s side, geko (/.) zool. gecko, Gekkonidae. gelberi 1 .prov. fire rake. 2.prov., hort. rake. 3. prov., hort. pruning hook. — etmek /ı/ slang to swipe, walk off with, steal, gele backgammon blank throw, gelecek 1. coming, next. 2. future. 3. the future, —teki değer banking future value. — sefer next time. — e yönelik işlemler piyasası com. futures. — zaman gram, future tense.
   —   zaman görünümü gram, future aspect.
   —      zaman ortacı gram, future participle, gelecekbilim (../..) futurology, gelecekbilimci (../...) futurologist, gelecekçi art, lit., mus. 1. (a) futurist. 2. futuristic.
gelecekçilik art, lit., mus. futurism, geleğen geog. 1. (a) tributary. 2. tributary (river), gelembe prov. sheepfold, fold, geleme prov. a field left uncultivated for two years.
gelen 1. coming, approaching; arriving. 2. phys. incident (light rays). — ağam, giden paşam. colloq. I respect whoever is in charge (as long as he doesn’t step on my toes). — düşük med. imminent abortion. — geçen those who pass by, passersby. — geçer, konan göçer. proverb (One who comes will go and one who settles will move on.) Everything is transient. People come and go. — giden
   1.    those who drop in/by, those who call by; visitors, callers. 2. those who pass by, passersby. — gideni aratır. (Gelen gidene rahmet okutur.) proverb A new person in a job is often worse than the old one. — e git denilmez. proverb (One does not say “Go away!” to someone who has just come.) 1. Hospitality is an obligation. 2. One can’t refuse something nice that has come his/her way. gelenek tradition.
gelenekçi 1. (a) traditionalist. 2. traditionalist, traditionalistic. gelenekçilik traditionalism, gelenekleşmek to become a tradition, gelenekleştirmek III to make (s.t.) a tradition, geleneksel traditional, geleneksellik traditionality. geleni prov., zool. meadow mouse, Microtus;
 317                                       gelinfeneri
   field vole, Microtus .agrestis. gelesiye slang, used in: — almak hi to buy (foreign currency, gold) by paying for it in advance. O beş yüz markı gelesiye alacak olursam saat kaçta getirebilirsin? If I pay for those five hundred marks now, just when can you bring them to me? — vermek h! to sell (foreign currency, gold) by demanding/ getting payment in advance: Ben dövizi gelesiye vermeyi tercih ederim. I prefer foreign currency deals where I get paid for the currency in advance, gelgeç 1. temporary, transient. 2. inconsistent, nonpersevering. 3. fickle, inconstant. — ham colloq. place where many people are always coming and going, gelgel prov. attractiveness, charm, gelgelelim (/...) but, however, gelgelli prov. attractive, charming, gelgit, -ti 1. colloq. useless coming and going.
    2. geog. the tide.
 Gelibolu (./..) Gallipoli, gelin 1. bride. 2. daughter-in-law; wife of a younger member of the family. — alayı bridal procession. — alıcı 1. prov. person sent by the bridegroom to fetch the bride. 2. slang policeman, cop, fuzz. — altın taht/kürsü getirmiş, çıkmış (üstüne) kendisi oturmuş. proverb (The bride brought a golden throne, and then sat on it herself.) One should not arouse false expectations in others. —i ata bindirmişler, “Ya nasip,” demiş, proverb (The bride is on her way, she hopes nothing goes wrong.) Let’s hope that nothing serious happens to spoil our plans. — eşikte, oğlan beşikte, proverb (The bride is at the threshold, so there is practically a baby in the cradle.) The family should start preparing for children as soon as the bride moves in. — girmedik ev olur, ölüm girmedik ev olmaz. proverb There can be a family without brides, but not a family without death. — gitmek /a/ (for a bride) to marry into (a family). — hamamı the bridal bath (joyful gathering in a public bath a few days before the wedding). — kuşağı prov. rainbow. — odası bridal chamber. — olmak (for a girl) to get married. — parası coins showered over the bride at a wedding. — teli silver/gold tinsel used to adorn a bride’s hair, gelinboğan bot. a kind of wild pear, gelinböceği, -ni (./...) zool. ladybug, Coccinella. gelincik 1. bot. poppy, Papaver rhoeas. 2. zool. weasel, Mustela. 3. zool. three-bearded rockling, Gaidropsarus mediterraneus. 4. prov. hectic fever; erysipelas; dropsy; hematuria; lymphadenitis; sty. gelincikbalığı, -m (../...) zool. rockling, Gadus mustela!Motella mustela. gelincikgiller bot. Papaveraceae. gelinçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. crown imperial, Fritillaria imperialis. gelinfeneri, -ni (./...) bot. European bird cher-
gelinhavası
318
gelmek
    ry, Prunus padus. gelinhavası, -ni (./...) 1. musical accompaniment to bridal procession. 2. naut. slight choppiness (of the sea), gelinkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. penciled lark, Oto-corys penicillata. gelinlik 1. being a bride. 2. wedding dress, wedding gown. 3. (material) suitable for making a wedding dress. 4. marriageable (girl), eligible for marriage. 5. bridal, fit for a bride, gelinmek /dan, a/ impersonal passive 1. to come to. 2. to reach to, arrive at (a stage, period of time), gelinotu, -nu (./..) bot. winter cherry, Chinese lantern plant, Physalis alkekengi. gelinparmağı, -m (./...) bot. a kind of elongated grape.
gelinsaçı, -nı (./..) bot. dodder, love vine, Cus-cuta.
gelir income, revenue. — dağılımı income distribution. — düzeyi level of income. — gider income and expense. — kaynağı source of income. — ortaklığı senedi income sharing certificate. — politikası incomes policy.
   —      vergisi income tax. geliş 1. coming, arriving, arrival; advent. 2. med. presentation (at birth). 3. phys. incidence. — açısı phys. angle of incidence, gelişigüzel (../..) 1. haphazard, random, indiscriminate, cursory, desultory. 2. haphazardly, at random, indiscriminately, cursorily, desultorily.
gelişim 1. developing, development, growing up, growth; growing healthy; maturing. 2. development, making progress, improvement, gelişkin mature, fully developed, gelişme 1. developing, development, growing up, growth; growing healthy; maturing. 2. development, making progress, improvement.
   3. lit. development (of plot, theme, argument, thesis, etc.). —ler developments, events, happenings.
gelişmek 1. to develop, grow up; to grow healthy; to mature. 2. to develop, make progress: gelişmekte olan ülkeler developing countries, gelişmezlik path, aplasia, gelişmiş developed. — ülke developed country, geliştirilmek to be developed, be built up, be improved, geliştirim cin. treatment, geliştirme developing, development, building up, improvement, geliştirmek hi to develop, build up, improve, gelme 1. coming, arriving, arrival. 2. phys. incidence (of light rays). 3. /dan/ turned: mühendislikten gelme bir yazar an engineer turned writer. 4. /dan/ originating from; derived from.
gelmek, -ir l..to come. 2. /a/ to come to. 3. /dan/ to come from. 4. /a/ to come into; to come in. 5. /la/ to come with, accompany.
   6. /a/ to come back (to), return (to). 7. /a/ to
 come to visit. 8. /a/ to hit, come to. 9. /a/ to come to, reach, arrive at (a stage of activity). 10. /dan/ to survive from, come from; /a/ to last till. 11. /dan/ to come from, originate in, spring from. 12. /a/ (for time) to be about, get to be. 13. /a/ to come up to, come to, reach. 14. to weigh about, be about, come to. 15. /dan/ to come from, result from. 16. /dan/ to come out of, result from. 17. /dan/ to be derived from, come from. 18. /a/ to tolerate, put up with. 19. /a/ to acknowledge the truth of (s.t.) at last.
 20. /a/ to be (good, bad, etc.) for, affect (s.o.) (in a certain way). 21. /dan/ to receive from, get from, gain from. 22. /a/ to have, be afflicted with. 23. /a/ to be, lie (in a certain direction). 24. /a/ to appear to be, seem to be. 25. /a/ to be proper, be appropriate. 26. /a, la/ to come with, begin with, start with. 27. /a/ to cost (a certain amount). 28. (for time) to come. 29. auxiliary verb to feel like (doing s.t.); to feel, get: uykusu gelmek to feel sleepy. 30. an auxiliary verb which denotes continuous action when suffixed to a gerund: alışageldiğimiz .which we are accustomed to. yapilagelen which is always being done. 31. auxiliary verb to pretend not to: duymazlıktan gelmek to pretend not to hear. 32. to be unable to resist (doing s.t.), not to be able to help (doing s.t.): içtikçe içeceğim geliyor. The more I drink, the more I want to drink. 33. to be, come in: birinci gelmek to be the first. Gel .... colloq. 1. Come now: Gel, bu işten vazgeçelim. Come now, let’s leave this. 2. (followed by negative imperative) if you can help it: Gel, şimdi kızma! How can I help but be angry! Gelelim .... /a/ colloq. Let us turn to (another subject), gelince /a/ 1. as for ...: Bana gelince, ben bugün kitap okumak istiyorum. As for me, I want to read a book today. 2. when it comes to ...: Herkese karşı çok cömerttir ama karısına gelince on para vermez. He is very generous to everybody but when it comes to his wife he doesn’t give her a cent, gelsin ... (gelsin ..., gitsin ...) colloq. (followed by a noun) describes lavishness or an easy leisurely manner: Gelsin çaylar, (gitsin) kahveler, hiç çalıştığı yok. He kills time all day sipping tea and coffee and never working, gelip çatmak/dayanmak colloq. (for time) to come round at last, be finally at hand. Gel demesi kolay ama git demesi güçtür, proverb It is easy to say “Come,” but hard to say “Go.” Gel denilen yere gitmeye ar eyleme; gelme denilen yere gidip yerini dar eyleme, proverb Don’t hesitate to go where you are invited, but don’t go where you are not welcome. gelip geçici (gelici geçici) transient, passing, gelip geçmek 1. to pass by. 2. to pass through, come and go. gelmiş geçmiş of all who have come and gone, of all those
gelmiç
   who have been; of all (the things) that have happened so far; of all times, of all periods, gelip gitmek /a/ to come and go, frequent. Gelirse hane boş, gelmezse daha hoş. colloq. If he/she comes he’s/she’s welcome, but if he/she does not come it will be nicer. Gel keyfîm gel. colloq. How sweet it is!/It’s great to be alive! Geleceği varsa, göreceği de var. colloq. He’ll/She’ll regret it if he/she does! (said as a threat). Geldik yüze, çıktık düze. proverb When the fifteenth of February comes, winter is on the wane, gel zaman git zaman colloq. a long time afterwards, gelmiç rib of a large fish, gem bit (of a bridle). — almak (for a horse) to take the bit, be broken in. — almamak colloq. not to heed the commands of another; to stay free from another’s control. — almayan atm ölümü yakındır, proverb A headstrong temperament is sure to land you in hot water. — almaz 1. colloq. uncontrollable, unbridled. 2. unbroken (horse), —i azıya almak 1. (for a horse) to get the bit between its teeth and run. 2. colloq. to take the bit between one’s teeth, get out of control. —i-ni kısmak /ml colloq. to rein (s.o.) in, restrain (s.o.). — vurmak /a/ 1. to bridle. 2. to restrain, curb, gemi ship, vessel, large boat. — adamı seaman, sailor. — aslanı colloq. good-looking but useless person. — bildirgesi ship’s manifest, —ye binmek to embark, go on board. — donatmak to rig a ship; to fit out a ship.
   —yi duvarda görmek colloq. to have seen nothing of the world. — enkazı see gemi leşi. — havuzu repair dock. — ızgarası shipway, ways. — indirmek to launch a ship. — işletimi cabotage, coasting trade. — kiralamak to charter a ship, —sini kurtaran kaptan, proverb It’s the captain who saves the ship (said of a person who, by bold action, extricates himself 1 herself from a difficult situation). — leşi shipwreck, wrecked ship.
   —  mürettebatı crew, ship’s company. — personel listesi naut. muster roll, —si şapa oturmak colloq. to undergo irreparable loss in business. — de teslim free on board, f.o.b.
   —  tezgâhı stocks, dockyard. — yatağı ship’s berth, port of shelter, —sini yürütmek colloq. to manage one’s affairs well.
gemici 1. seaman, sailor, mariner. 2. shipowner.
   —  feneri barn lantern.
gemicilik 1. seamanship. 2. navigation; seafaring, gemilik shipyard.
gemlemek fil 1. to put the bit in the mouth of (a horse), bit. 2. colloq. to restrain (a rash person).
gemlenmek 1. to be bitted, be fitted with a bit. 2. colloq. to be restrained.
Gen. (abbr. for General) mil. Gen. (General). *gen biol. gene.
2gen 1. wide, broad. 2. spacious, extensive, vast,
 319                                           genel
   expansive. 3. prov. uncultivated, genbelirti (/...) syndrome, genbirlik (/..) confederation, gencecik (/..) very young, gencelmek to get younger, become youthful, be rejuvenated, genç 1. young, youthful. 2. young (animal/ plant). 3. energetic and vigorous, robust and active. 4. green/inexperienced/immature (owing to being young). 5. young, newly established, in its youth. 6. (a) youth, young person, juvenile. — irisi colloq. youth who is big for his/her age. G— Kalemler Turk, lit. name of an early twentieth-century literary magazine. — yaşında/yaşta at a young age.
gençleşmek 1. to get younger, become youthful, be rejuvenated. 2. (for an organization, a group, etc.) to be rejuvenated. 3. to take on a young look, take on a youthful appearance, gençleştirilmek 1. to be made young, be rejuvenated. 2. (for an organization, a group, etc.) to be rejuvenated. 3. to be made to look young.
gençleştirmek hi 1. to make (s.o.) younger, make (s.o.) youthful, rejuvenate. 2. to rejuvenate (an organization, a group, etc.). 3. to make (s.o.) look young, gençlik 1. youth, youthfulness. 2. the young, the younger generation, youth, —ine doya-mamak/doymamak not to enjoy one’s youth (said of s.o. who has died young), —in kıymeti ihtiyarlıkta bilinir, proverb It is the old who realize the value of being young. —te para kazan (taş taşı), kocalıkta kur kazan (ye aşı), proverb Earn money while you are young, so that you can keep the pot boiling when you are old. — suyu slang alcohol; liquor, booze, firewater, gençten colloq. young (person), gene (/.) 1. again, once again, once more. 2. still, nevertheless, even so. — de but still; but in spite of this/that, genel 1. general, common. 2. public, pertaining to the public. — af general amnesty. — alıcı med. universal recipient. — bütçe general budget. — denge econ. general equilibrium.
   —  direktör see genel müdür. — emniyet public security. — giderler overhead expenses, general expenses. — grev general strike. — kadın prostitute. — karargâh general headquarters. — konsolos consul general. — kurul general assembly (of an organization). — merkez central office (of an organization). — müdür general director. — olarak in general. — seçim general election.
   —  seferberlik general mobilization. — sekreter secretary-general. — taarruz general attack. — uyuşturum general anesthetization. — verici med. general donor, universal donor. — yazman see genel sekreter. — yetenek general ability. — zekâ general intelligence.
 geneleme
geneleme tautology; pleonasm, genelev (./.) whorehouse, brothel, cathouse. genelge (a) circular, printed notice, genelgeçer (./..) generally accepted, genelgeçerlik (./...) general acceptance, genelgelemek h! to circulate, circularize, genelkurmay mil. general staff, genelleme generalization, genellemek hi to generalize, make (s.t.) general, genelleşme generalization, becoming general, genelleşmek to become general, genelleştirilmek to be generalized, be made general.
genelleştirme generalization, making (s.t.) general.
genelleştirmek hi to make (s.t.) general, generalize, genellik generality.
genellikle (../.) generally, in general, on the whole, usually, genelmek prov. to become broader, get wider, widen out. general, -li mil. general, generallik mil. generalship, genetik biol. 1. genetics. 2. genetic. —• kod genetic code. — kopyalama genetic copying.
   —   mühendisi genetic engineer. — mühendisliği genetic engineering.
gengüdüm (/..) mil. strategy, gengüdümsel (/...) mil. strategic, strategical, geniş 1. wide, broad. 2. spacious, extensive, vast, expansive. 3. carefree. — açı geom. obtuse angle. — bağ anat. ligamentum latum.
   —   bir nefes almak colloq. to breathe a sigh of relief. — gagalı zool. broad-billed. — gönüllü colloq., see geniş yürekli. — görüşlü broad-minded, liberal. — kapsamlı comprehensive; all-inclusive. — mezhepli colloq. excessively tolerant, free and easy (in his/ her sexual mores). — ölçüde on a vast scale.
   —   tutmak hi to do (s.t.) taking every contingency into account. — ünlü phon. broad vowel. — yapraklı bot. broad-leaved. — yürekli colloq. easy going, serene. — zaman gram, simple present tense, aorist. — zaman görünümü gram, timeless present aspect. — zaman ortacı gram, present participle.
genişçe rather wide, somewhat broad, genişgagalıgiller (./.....) zool. broadbills, Eury-laimidae.
genişkanatlıyarasa (./......) zool. serotine, Ep-
   tesicus serotinus. genişleme 1. widening, broadening, spreading out. 2. becoming spacious, extension, expansion. 3. dilatation, dilation, becoming dilated, genişlemek 1. to widen, broaden, spread out. 2. to become spacious, extend, become vast, expand. 3. to dilate, become dilated. 4. to ease up. genişlenim path, ectasia, genişletilmek 1. to be widened, be broadened. 2. to be made spacious, be extended, be expanded. 3. to be dilated. 4. lit. to be expa-
320                                            geometrik
   tiated upon, be amplified on, be expanded on/upon, be enlarged on. genişletme 1. hi widening, broadening, making (s.t.) spread out. 2. hi making (s.t.) spacious, extension, expansion. 3. dilatation, dilation, act of dilating. 4. lit. expatiation, amplification. —ler comp, extensions. — kartı comp. expansion card. — levhası comp, expansion board. — yuvası comp, expansion slot, genişletmek hi 1. to widen, broaden, make (s.t.) spread out. 2. to make (s.t.) spacious, extend, expand. 3. to dilate, make (s.t.) dilate. 4. lit. to expatiate upon, amplify on, expand on/ upon, enlarge on. genişlik 1. wideness, width, broadness, breadth. 2. spaciousness, extensiveness, vastness, expansiveness. 3. comp. span. 4. carefreeness, being carefree. 5. affluence and ease, easy circumstances, genital genital.
genitif gram. 1. genitive, in the genitive case.
   2. the genitive, the genitive case, geniz, -nzi anat. nasal passages, nasal fossae.
   —e kaçmak (for food/liquid) to go down the wrong way. —den konuşmak to speak through the nose. — sesi phon. nasal sound.
   —i tıkanmak to have a stuffy nose. — ünlüsü phon. nasal vowel. — ünsüzü phon. nasal consonant, —ini yakmak (for smoke, a pungent smell, etc.) to burn the back of one’s throat, genizsi phon. nasal (sound), genizsileşme phon. nasalization, genleşme phys. dilatation, dilation, thermal expansion. — katsayısı coefficient of expansion, expansivity, genleşmek phys. to dilate, be dilated, genlik 1. wideness, width, broadness, breadth.
   2. spaciousness, extensiveness, vastness, expansiveness. 3. prov. affluence and ease, easy circumstances. 4. phys. amplitude (of vibration).
genom biol. genome, genom, genortaklik (/...) holding company, genotip, -pi biol. genotype, genörgüt, -tü (/..) bureaucracy, genörgütçü (/...) bureaucrat, genörgütsel (/...) bureaucratic, gensoru (/..) general questioning in parliament (of a minister by members), interpellation, genzek prov. (one) who speaks through his/her nose.
genzel 1. nasal. 2. phon. nasal (sound), geodezi geodesy.
geodezik 1. geodesic, geodesical, geodetic, ge-odetical. 2. geodesic, geodesic line. kubbe geodesic dome, geoit geoid.
                                                             geometri (../.) geometry, geometrik geometric, geometrical. — çizim geometric construction. — dizi geometric progression, geometric series. — ortalama geometric mean. — toplam geometrical sum.
 gepegenç                                           321
   —   yer locus.
gepegenç (./.) 1. very young (person). 2. in one’s youth, very young, gepgenç (/.) see gepegenç. gerçek 1. real, true, genuine, authentic. 2. actual.
   3.  reality, truth. 4. fact. 5. really, in truth.
   —   bellek comp, real storage. — faiz getirisi fin. current yield. — gelir real income, —leri görmek to acknowledge the facts. — görüntü phot, real image, —leri kabul etmek to face/accept the facts. — kazançlar actual earnings. — kişi law natural person.
   —   maliyet actual cost. — mantarlar bot. true fungi. — sayı math, real number.
gerçekçi 1. (a) realist. 2. realist, realistic, gerçekçilik realism, gerçekdışı (./..) unreal, gerçekdışılık (./...) unreality, gerçeklemek /ı/ 1. to confirm. 2. to verify, gerçekleşme realization, materialization; coming true.
gerçekleşmek to become a reality, materialize;
   to come true, gerçekleştirilmek to be realized, be materialized, be carried out, be fulfilled, gerçekleştirme realization, materialization, fulfillment; making (s.t.) come true, gerçekleştirmek hi to realize, materialize, carry out, fulfill, make (s.t.) a reality; to make (s.t.) come true, gerçekli real, gerçeklik reality, gerçeksiz unreal, gerçekten (/..) truly, really, gerçeküstü (./..) surrealistic, gerçeküstücü (./...) 1. (a) surrealist. 2. surrealist, surrealistic, gerçeküstücülük (./....) surrealism, gerçi (/.) although, though, it is true that, gerdan 1. neck, throat. 2. front of the neck; double chin; dewlap. 3. butchery neck, chuck. — kırmak colloq. to make coquettish movements with the head. — süpürgesi slang mustache, soup-strainer. gerdaniye (.—..) classical Turk. mus. a mode/ a scale based on high “G.” — buselik classical Turk. mus. a makam, gerdankiran zool. wryneck, Jynx torquilla. gerdanlık necklace.
gerdek bridal chamber. — gecesi wedding night. — e girmek (for a bridegroom) to enter the bridal chamber, gerdel pail, bucket (made of leather/wood), gerdirilmek to have (s.t.) stretched, strained, tightened, or drawn taut, gerdirmek /ı, al to have (s.o.) stretch, strain, tighten, or draw (s.t.) taut, gereç necessary thing, requisite; equipment.
   —ler material supplies, requisites, gereğince (../.) in accordance with, as required by, following: kanun gereğince according to the law.
gereğinde when necessary, as needed.
                                                                                            gergedan
’gerek (repeated, preceding nouns/phrases in parallel position) 1. whether ... or: Gerek ben gideyim, gerek siz gidin, gerek o gitsin, farketmez. Whether it is I or you or he who goes, it does not make any difference.
   2. both ... and: Gerek annesi, gerek babası aynı yerdendirler. Both his mother and his father are from the same place.
2gerek 1. /a/ necessary, needed: Bize çalışacak insan gerek. We need people who will work. Beklemek gerek. One has to wait. Bana sen gereksin, (archaic: Bana seni gerek.) I need you. 2. need, necessity, requirement, requisite. 3. used with a conditional ending attached to the stem of a verb to show strong probability: O halde mükâfatı kazanan da Defne olsa gerek. In that case the winner of the prize must be Defne. Onun hastalığı o evin rutubetinden ileri gelse gerek. His illness is most probably due to the damp in that house. — i düşünülmek for things that must be done or provided to be considered, —inden fazla more than necessary. — i gibi as is due, properly, —ini yerine getirmek Iml to do what is necessary (for). —i yok. It is not necessary, gerekçe (./.) 1. reason, justification, ground, grounds. 2. corollary. 3. law written argument in favor of a bill. 4. law statement of reasons, covering memorandum, gerekçeli (./..) justified, justifiable, gerekçesiz (./..) unjustified, unjustifiable, gerekince (../.) when necessary, gerekirci 1. (a) determinist. 2. deterministic, gerekircilik determinism, gerekirse (../.) if need be. gerekli necessary, needed, required, gereklik 1. need, necessity. 2. gram, necessita-tive mood. — kipi gram, necessitative mood, gereklilik necessity, need, gerekme requirement.
gerekmek to be necessary, be needed, be required.
gerekseme need, necessity, requirement, gereksemek hi to consider (s.t.) necessary, feel the necessity (of); to need, gereksinim see gereksinme, gereksinme need, necessity, requirement, gereksinmek hi to consider (s.t.) necessary, feel the necessity (of); to need, gereksiz unnecessary, needless. — tüketim extravagant consumption, gereksizlik unnecessariness, needlessness, gerektirim 1. implication, the relationship of two things when one implies the other. 2. causal relationship; cause and effect. 3. log. determination, gerektirme necessity, requirement, gerektirmek hi 1. to necessitate, require. 2. to entail, imply, gerelti prov. obstruction, barrier, geren prov. clayey soil, gergedan zool. rhinoceros, Rhinoceros.
 gergedanböceği                                   322
gergedanböceği, -ni            zool. rhinoceros
   beetle, Dynastes. gergedangiller zool. Rhinocerotidae. gergef embroidery hoop, tambour, embroidery frame. — işi tambour, embroidery made on a tambour frame. — işlemek to tambour, do embroidery with tambour, gergi prov. 1. curtain. 2. instrument for stretching, stretcher. 3. naut. stretcher, boat stretcher. — bozukluğu path, dystonia. — yitimi path, atony, atonia. gergicek prov. 1. rung (of a chair). 2. shore, prop.
gergili prov. 1. furnished with a stretcher. 2.
   stretched tight, gergin 1. stretched, strained, tight, taut. 2. (skin) without wrinkles. 3. strained, tense (nerves, relations, etc.). gerginleşmek 1. to get stretched, become strained, get tight, get taut. 2. (for relations) to become strained, get tensed up. gerginleştirmek hi 1. to stretch, strain, tighten, draw (s.t.) taut. 2. to strain, tense up (relations).
gerginlik 1. tightness, tension, tautness. 2. strain, tenseness; stress.
*geri 1. back, back side, rear, the space behind.
   2. the rest, remaining part, remainder, what’s left. 3. outcome, result. 4. the past. 5. anus (of an animal). 6. backward, behind in time or progress, behindhand. 7. slow (timepiece).
   8. retarded, backward. 9. back, backward, to the rear. G—! colloq. Back up!/Back! —den from behind, from the rear, —since Iml after, following, behind (s.o.). —sinde Iml behind: evin gerisinde behind the house, —ye back, backward. — almak hi 1. to get back, take back. 2. to take back, withdraw (one’s word/ order). 3. to make (s.t.) move backwards, back (s.t.) up. —ye atmak hi colloq. to postpone. —den bakmak /a/ colloq. to look from a distance (at); to be an onlooker. — basmak colloq. to move backwards, back up.
   —de bırakmak III to leave behind; to pass; to surpass. — çekilmek /dan/ 1. to withdraw, move backward, recede, retreat (from). 2. to give up, relinquish, desist from. — çekmek
   1. hi to pull back, take back, draw back.
   2. /i, dan/ to pull back, withdraw (troops) from. — çevirmek colloq. 1. Ill to return, give back, turn back, send back. 2. hi to reject, refuse to accept. 3. /i, dan/ to turn (s.o.) away from, —ye dön! mil. About face! — dönmek to come back, go back, return.
   —ye dönüş hakkı olmaksızın banking without recourse, —ye dönüş hakkı saklı banking with recourse. — durmak /dan/ to refrain from, abstain from (doing s.t.). — gelmek to come back. — geri gitmek to move backwards; to draw back (in fear), —den geriye secretly, covertly. — gitmek 1. to go back, return. 2. to take a turn for the worse.
   3. (for a timepiece) to be slow, lose time. —
gerilme
   göndermek 111 to send back. — hizmet mil. supply services behind the front. — istemek 111 to demand back, reclaim. — kaçmak to flee; to draw back hastily, retreat. — kademe mil. rear echelon. — kafalı colloq. backward, reactionary. — kalan 1. the remainder, the rest, leftovers. 2. remaining. — kalmak 1. to stay behind, remain behind. 2. (for a timepiece) to be slow. 3. to be underdeveloped.
   —de kalmak 1. to stay behind. 2. to lag. 3. to remain, be left (behind). — kalmamak /dan/ 1. not to refrain from, not to abstain from, not to fail (doing s.t.). 2. to be as good as; to match, equal. 3. not to lag behind, not to hang back (from). — kalmış underdeveloped: geri kalmış ülkeler underdeveloped countries. — kalmışlık underdevelopment, being underdeveloped. — komamak 111 colloq. to do. —/—ye marş! mil. To the rear, march! — ödeme fin. repayment. — planda
   1.     in the background, at the back. 2. colloq. of minor importance, insignificant, inconsequential. — satm alma repurchase. — tepmek 1. (for a gun) to recoil, kick. 2. colloq. (for a scheme, plan, etc.) to backfire, recoil, boomerang. — vermek 111 to give back, return. — vites auto, reverse, reverse gear. — zekâlı mentally retarded, feebleminded. 2geri prov. a large sack for holding a loose load on a wagon, geriatri geriatrics.
gerici 1. (a) reactionary, (a) reactionist. 2. reactionary (person, government, movement, etc.).
2gerici anat. tensor, tensor muscle, gericilik 1. reactionism, being a reactionary. 2.
   reaction, reactionary movement/tendency, geridon round pedestal table, gueridon. gerilek regressive, gerileme regression, retrogression, gerilemek 1. to regress, retrogress, move backward; to retreat, pull back. 2. to drop down, regress, retrogress. 3. (for a sickness) to be on the wane. 4. (for prices) to go down, fall, drop.
geriletmek hi to hinder the progress of. gerileyici regressive. — benzeşme phon. regressive assimilation, gerili stretched, tight, taut, gerilik 1. backwardness, being behindhand. 2.
   being retarded, retardation, gerilim 1 .phys. tension. 2. voltage. 3. (arterial) tension. 4. phon. tension (of vocal cords).
   5.    phys. tension. 6. cin., theat., lit. suspense, gerilimli under tension; tense, gerilimölçer (../..) tensiometer. gerilimsiz without tension; slack; relaxed, gerilimsizlik lack of tension; slackness; relaxed state.
gerilla (./.) guerilla. — savaşı guerilla warfare, gerillacı (./..) guerilla.
gerilme 1. being stretched, being strained, being tightened, being drawn taut, tension. 2.
 gerilmek                                            323
   stretching out, extension (of a limb, muscle, etc y __ kuvveti phys. tensile strength, gerilmek 1. to be stretched, be strained, be tightened, be drawn taut. 2. /a/ to be stretched over; to be spread out. 3. (for a limb, muscle, etc.) to be stretched out, be extended. 4. colloq. to act high and mighty, swell. 5. (for nerves, relations, etc.) to be strained, be tensed up. gerile gerile colloq. pompously, with great self-importance, gerinmek (for s.o ./an animal) to stretch, gerine gerine colloq. 1. with stretching movements.
   2. swelling out one’s chest, puffily. gerisingeri (../..) colloq. 1. back, backwards.
   2.     back, again, back again, gerisingeriye (../...) colloq., see gerisingeri, geriz sewer. — e taş atmak colloq. to provoke an insolent person.
Germanist, -ti Germanist.
Germanistik Germanics, Germanistics.
Germanofil 1. (a) Germanophile. 2. Germano-phile.
germanyum (./.) chem. germanium, germe 1. stretching, straining, tightening, tension. 2. prov. wooden fence. 3. stretching out, extending (a limb, muscle, etc.). germek 1. hi to stretch, strain, tighten, draw (s.t.) taut. 2. /i, a/ to stretch (s.t.) over; to spread out. 3. hi to stretch out, extend (a limb, muscle, etc.). 4. hi to strain, tense up (nerves, relations, etc.). germen castle.
2germen biol. germen, germ cells and their precursors.
germi (.—) obs. 1. warmth, heat; feverishness.
   2.     ardor, eagerness. — vermek /a/ to intensify, speed up (work/efforts), gerontoloji gerontology, gerzek colloq. idiot.
Gestapo (./.) German hist. Gestapo, gestasyon biol. gestation, geştalt, -ti phil., psych, gestalt, getirgen physiol, afferent. — sinirler anat. afferent nerves, getiri fin. yield.
getirici physiol, afferent. — damar anat. afferent vessel, getirilmek 1. /dan, a/ to be brought from (a place) to (s.o./a place). 2. /a/ to be brought to (s.o./a place). 3. to be fetched. 4. to be put forward, be brought forth, be set forth, be presented. 5. /a/ to be appointed to (a position, an office, etc.), be brought to (a position, an office, etc.), be designated (a title), getirmek 1. /ı, dan, a/ to bring (s.t./s.o.) from (a place) to (s.o./a place). 2. /i, a/ to bring (s.t./s.o.) to (s.o./a place). 3. hi to fetch. 4. hi to reach (a period of time). 5. Ill to put forward, bring forth, set forth, present. 6. hi to produce, cause, bring forth, bring about, bring on. 7. hi to bring along, bring (news, greetings, etc.). 8. hi to bring in, yield, produce (income, profit, etc.). 9. h, a/ to ap-
                                                                                                gevşemek
   point (s.o.) to (a position, an office, etc:), bring (s.o.) to (a position, an office, etc.), designate (s.o.) (a title). 10 .an auxiliary verb used after some nouns: pişmanlık getirmek to feel regret, be regretftil. getirtmek 1. /ı, dan, a/ to have (s.t./s.o.) brought from (a place) to (s.o./a place). 2. /i, a/ to have (s.t./s.o.) brought to (s.o./a place). 3. /i, dan/ to order (s.t.) from (a place). 4. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) appointed to (a position, an office, etc.), have (s.o.) brought to (a position, an office, etc.), have (s.o.) designated (a title), getr gaiter, spat, getto (/.) ghetto.
geveleme hi 1. chewing (s.t.) slowly and ineffectively (as with toothless gums). 2. colloq. hemming and hawing over (s.t.). gevelemek hi 1. to chew (s.t.) slowly and ineffectively (as with toothless gums). 2. colloq. to hem and haw over (s.t.). geven bot. gum-tragacanth plant, Astragalus tragacantha. geveze 1. talkative, chattering. 2. chatterbox, incessant talker, windbag, blabbermouth, blab.
   3.    indiscreet, unable to keep a secret, gevezelenmek to chatter, talk idly, gevezelik 1. chattering, prattling. 2. chatter, idle talk; indiscreet talk. — etmek 1. to chatter, talk idly. 2. to talk indiscreetly, blab, geviş rumination. — getirmek to ruminate, chew the cud. gevişgetirenler (./....) zool. ruminants, Rumi-nantia.
gevişgetirmeyenler (.../...) zool. Nonruminantia. gevmek hi prov. 1. to try to gnaw/chew. 2. to champ (the bit), gevrek 1. crisp, brittle, friable. 2. colloq. hearty (laugh). 3. thick, crisp cracker. — gevrek gülmek colloq. to laugh heartily, gevrekçi maker and seller of gevrek, gevreklik 1. crispness, brittleness, friability. 2.
   colloq. heartiness (of laughter), gevremek 1. to become crisp, become brittle, be friable. 2. /dan/ to be overcome with, be overwhelmed by (thirst, hunger, cold, heat, etc.).
gevretmek III to make (s.t.) crisp/brittle/friable, gevşek 1. loose, slack, lax. 2. flabby, flaccid, soft. 3. sloppy, slovenly, slipshod, lacking in backbone, soft, lax. 4. phon. lax (vowel). — ağızlı colloq. indiscreet, unable to keep secrets. — davranmak colloq. to be lax. — tutmak hi colloq. to do (s.t.) halfheartedly, gevşeklik 1. looseness, slackness, slack, laxity.
   2. flabbiness, flaccidity, softness. 3. sloppiness, slovenliness, slipshoddiness, laxness. 4. languor, lassitude.
gevşem med. diastole.
gevşeme 1. loosening, slackening, laxation. 2. loosening up (of control, discipline, etc.).
   3.    med. diastole. 4. relaxation, gevşemek 1. to loosen, slacken, become lax. 2.
gevşemli
 324
gıcıklamak
     (for control, discipline, etc.) to loosen up. 3. to relax. 4. slang to be tickled pink, gevşemli med. diastolic, gevşetici 1. relaxative. 2. med. relaxant, gevşetilmek 1. to be loosened, be made slack, be made lax. 2. (for control, discipline, etc.) to be loosened up. 3. to be relaxed, be made lax.
 gevşetmek 111 1. to loosen, slacken, lax, let up on. 2. to loosen up, let up on (control, discipline, etc.). 3. to relax, geyik 1. zool. deer, stag, hart, Cervus elaphus. 2. slang pander; cuckold. — derisi buckskin, deerskin. — etine girmek colloq. (for a young girl) to begin to fill out, begin to round out; to reach puberty, —ler kirki-minda colloq. never, on latter Lammas. — muhabbeti colloq. chat, idle talk, geyikböceği, -ni (./...) zool. stag beetle, pinch bug, Lucanus cervus. geyikböcekleri, -ni (./....) zool. Lucanidae. geyikdikeni, -ni (./...) bot. buckthorn, Rham-nus cathartica. geyikdili, -ni (./..) bot. hart’s-tongue fern, Phyllitis scolopendrium.
 . geyikdomuzu, -nu (./...) zool. babirusa, babi-roussa, babirussa, Babirussa babyrussa. geyikgiller zool. Cervidae. geyikotu, -nu (./..) bot. bastard dittany, fraxi-nella, Dictamnus albus. geyşa (/.) geisha.
 gez 1. notch in an arrow. 2. rear sight (of a gun). 3. rope with knots at intervals for measuring ground. 4. measure of length (63 or 140 cm.). 5. plumb line, gezdirmek 1. hi to show around, take through. 2. h, da/ to take (s.o./an animal) for a walk (somewhere). 3. /a, ı/ to take (s.o.) on a tour of (a place), show (s.o.) around (a place), tour (s.o.) through (a place). 4. /a, il cookery to pour (oil, vinegar,.lemon juice, etc.) lightly over (food). 5. hi naut. to be unable to hold (the ship) on her course, gezegen astr. planet.
 gezeğen prov. 1. (one) who likes to gad about.
     2. gadabout, gezelemek prov. 1. to stroll, walk around, promenade. 2. to wander about, wander aimlessly, roam. 3. to pace up and down, pace back and forth, pace, walk back and forth, gezente prov., see gezenti, gezenti prov. (one) who likes to gad about, gezer 1. itinerant. 2. mobile; traveling. 3. ambulatory, ambulant (patient), gezerev (./.) mobile home, trailer house, gezge prov. patrol, one who patrols, gezgin 1. tourist, traveler. 2. touring, traveling (person).
 gezginci prov. 1. itinerant; roving, wandering.
     2.    rover, wanderer, world-traveler, gezgincilik prov. 1. itinerancy, being itinerant.
     2. roving, being a rover, wandering, being a wanderer.
gezginlik being a tourist, being a traveler, traveling.
*gezi 1. excursion, outing; tour. 2. promenade, esplanade, place for strolling, —ye çıkmak to go on a trip. — yeri promenade, esplanade, place for strolling.
2gezi a moire cloth made of silk and cotton, gezici 1. itinerant (peddler). 2. mobile; traveling.
   —   esnaf peddler(s). — kütüphane bookmobile, mobile library, traveling library.
gezicilik itinerancy, being itinerant, gezilmek impersonal passive to wander, stroll through; to tour, gezim tourism.
gezimcilik phil. Peripateticism. gezimsel touristic.
gezinek foyer (of a theater/a cinema), gezinme 1. wandering, strolling. 2. a stroll; pleasure trip; excursion. 3. mus. slowly passing from one makam to another while improvising.
gezinmek 1. to stroll, walk around, promenade.
   2.  to wander about, wander aimlessly, roam.
   3.  mus. to pass slowly from one makam to another while improvising.
gezinti 1. walk, stroll; pleasure trip, outing; tour. 2. corridor. 3. walkway behind the parapet of a castle/a fort. 4. mus. slowly passing from one makam to another while improvising.
   —   yeri promenade, esplanade, place for strolling.
geziyolu, -nu (./..) parkway, gezlemek hi 1. to aim (a weapon). 2. to measure (a place), gezlik 1. sword edge. 2. a curved sword, saber, scimitar. 3. pocketknife, clasp knife, gezmek 1. to stroll, walk around, promenade.
   2.  to go on a pleasure trip, go out. 3. Ill to tour (a place), to walk around (a place). 4. Ill to look around (a place). 5. /da/ colloq. to be, do (in a place): Paltom mutfakta ne geziyor? What’s my coat doing in the kitchen? 6. (for a patient) to move around. Gezen ayağa taş değer, proverb (A roving foot bumps a stone.) A person who exposes himself/herself to many hazards eventually has trouble. Gezen kurt aç kalmaz, proverb (A wolf that roams does not go hungry.) A person must make an effort if he is to be successful. gezip tozmak colloq. to gad about, gallivant.
gezmen tourist, traveler.
gıcık 1. tickle in the throat. 2. slang irritating, tiresome (person). — almak /dan/, — olmak /a/ slang to be irritated by (an action/a person). — etmek hi slang to get (one’s) goat, irritate. — tutmak to have a tickle in the throat. — vermek /a/ 1. (for s.t.) to tickle (one’s) throat. 2. slang to arouse (one’s) jealousy.
gıcıklamak hi 1. (for s.t.) to tickle (one’s) throat. 2. colloq. to raise (one’s) suspicion.
   3.  colloq. to arouse (one’s) sexual desire.
 gıcıklanmak
gıcıklanmak 1. to have a tickle (in the throat). 2. /dan/ colloq. to be suspicious (of). 3. /dan/ colloq. to be excited sexually by (s.t.). gıcır 1. an elastic substance extracted from ash trees and used to soften gum mastic. 2. slang new> __i bükme colloq. 1. quickly said, offhand. 2. forced, strained, perfunctory. 3. by force, by snatching, gıcırdama (act of) creaking/squeaking/squealing.
gıcırdamak to creak, squeak, squeal, gıcırdatmak /ı/ 1. to make (s.t.) creak/squeak/ squeal. 2. to grind/grate/gnash/grit (one’s teeth).
gıcır gıcır (./ ..) 1. with a creaking/squeaking/ squealing sound. 2. squeakingly clean, spick -and-span, clean as a whistle. 3. in a spick -and-span manner, spick-and-span. 4. spanking new, brand-new. — etmek to creak, squeak, squeal; to crunch, gıcırtı 1. creak, squeak, squeal. 2. grinding/ grating/gnashing/gritting sound (of teeth), gıda (.—) food; nourishment, diet; nutriment.
   —  katkı maddeleri food additives. — maddeleri foodstuffs. — pazarı food store, grocery store.
gıdaklamak (for a hen) to cackle, gıdalı (.—.) nutritious, nourishing, gıdasız (.—.) 1. undernourished. 2. nonnutritive. — kalmak to be undernourished, gıdı child’s language the underpart of the chin, gıdı gıdı (./ ..) 1. Tickle, tickle! (said when tickling a child). 2. Here, chick chick! (said when calling chickens). gıdık child’s language the underpart of the chin, gıdıklamak hi I. to tickle. 2. colloq. to tickle (s.o.’s) vanity, please, gratify. 3. slang to search (a place), gıdıklanmak to have a tickling sensation; to be tickled.
                                                           gıgı child’s language the underpart of the chin, gık used in: — dedirtmemek /a/ colloq. not to let (s.o.) make a peep, not to let (s.o.) make the slightest objection. — demek colloq. to make a few weak protests, protest weakly.
   —  dememek colloq. not to utter a peep, not to make the slightest protest.
gıldır gıldır (./ ..) with a roaring sound: Makine gıldır gıldır çalışıyor. The engine is roaring along, gıllıgış obs., see gıllügiş, gıllıgışlı obs., see gıllügişli, gıllügiş obs. malice, malevolence, spite, ill will, gıllügişli obs. malicious, malevolent, spiteful, gına (.—) l. being fed up. 2. obs. wealth. — gelmek/getirmek /dan/ to be fed up with, be sick of.
gıpta envy without malice. — etmek /a/ to envy.
gır slang 1. word; talk; words. 2. made-up, fabricated, concocted. — atmak slang to chat; to gossip. — geçmek slang 1. to shoot the breeze, gab. 2. to pay no attention to one’s
325                                                  gibi
    work, daydream. — kaynatmak slang to waste time laughing and joking.
*girgir slang 1. jolly and humorous, jocular, waggish. 2. making fun of (s.o./s.t.). 3. wasting time laughing and joking, —a almak l\l slang to make fun of. — geçmek slang 1. /la/ to make fun of. 2. to waste time laughing and joking.
2gırgır 1. grating noise, rasping sound. 2. an earthenware jug with a straining spout. 3. large bag-shaped fishing net. 4. carpet sweeper. 5. raspingly, raucously, gırgırlamak lit to clean (the floor or a floor covering) with a carpet sweeper, gırla (/.) colloq. abundantly, amply, too much; incessantly, to the utmost. — gitmek to be abundant; to go on and on. gırnata (./.) prov. clarinet, gırnatacı (./..) prov. clarinet player, clarinetist, girt, -ti a sound made when cutting metal or something hard, girt girt (/ .) (cutting metal or something hard) with a harsh sound, gırtlak 1. larynx, throat. 2. colloq. eating and drinking. — açımı surg. laryngotomy. — ma basmak Iml colloq. to get (s.o.) by the throat, force (s.o.) to do something. — boşluğu anat. laryngeal cavity. — ma düşkün colloq. greedy, gluttonous. — gırtlağa gelmek colloq. to fly at one another’s throats, quarrel violently. — gözgüleme laryngoscopy. — gözgüsü laryngoscope. — ma kadar borç içinde olmak colloq. to be up to one’s neck in debt. — kapağı anat. epiglottis. — kemiği anat. Adam’s apple, —mdan kesmek colloq. to cut back on one’s food expenses, scrimp on food. — ma sarılmak /ml colloq. to choke, throttle (s.o.). —mı sıkmak Iml colloq. to press, squeeze; to dun. — vuruşu phon. glottal stop. — yangısı path, laryngitis, gırtlaklamak hi to strangle (s.o.). gırtlaklaşmak to be at each other’s throats, gışa (.—) obs. membrane, git git gidak cackle (of a hen that has laid an egg).
                                                               gıvıl givil (..' ..) prov. all together, in a swarm, gıyaben (.—'.) 1. in one’s absence, in absentia.
    2. (to know) by name only, by repute. 3. law by default.
gıyabi (.------) 1. made in absentia. 2. law done
                                                              in default. — hüküm/karar law judgment given in default. — tanışma mutual acquaintance by reputation only, gıyap (.—) absence, —mda in his/her absence, gıybet, -ti obs. slander, calumny, defamation.
    —     etmek hi to slander, gıybetçi obs. slanderer.
gıy gıy (/ .) imitation of the sound of a violin, gibi 1. like: çocuk gibi like a child. 2. as if, as though: Sanki kıtlık olacakmış gibi yiyecek depo ediyorlar. They’re storing food as if there is going to be a famine. 3. like, as: Dediğim gibi yap. Do as I say. 4. as be-
 gibisi
326
girilmek
   fits: İnsan gibi davranmalısın. You should behave as befits a human being. 5. (after a predicate) almost, nearly, somewhat: Bugün ateşim yok gibi. Today I have almost no fever. 6. as soon as: Yemeği yediği gibi sofradan kalktı. He got up from the table as soon as he finished eating, —ler likes: onun gibiler the likes of him. —lerden colloq. 1. as if to say: İyi ettin gibilerden göz kırptı. He winked as if he wanted to say, “You did well.” 2. along the lines of: silahlanma yarışı durdurulmalıdır, gibilerden bir makale an article along the lines of “The arms race should be stopped!” — gelmek /a/ to seem to (one), appear to (one): Bu iş bitmez gibi geliyor bana! It seems to me that this job will never end! — olmak to be as though: Ameliyattan sonra yeniden doğmuş gibi oldum. After the operation it was as though I had been reborn. — yapmak colloq. to pretend (to do s.t.): Babası odaya girince ders çalışır gibi yaptı. When his father entered the room, he pretended to be studying.
gibisi, -ni 1. equal: O doktor gibisi yok. That doctor has no equal. 2. the likes of, the like of: Hayatımda onun gibisini görmedim. Never in my life have I seen the likes of him. — ne gelmek /in/ colloq. to seem to (one), appear to (one): Olmaz gibime geliyor. It seems impossible to me. — ne getirmek III colloq. to insinuate: Beni evinde istemiyor gibisine getirdi. He insinuated that he did not want me in his house, gibisinden 1. from the likes of: O adam gibisinden hayır gelmez. No good will come from the likes of that man. 2. as if to say. gicişmek prov. to itch, feel itchy, gideğen outlet (of a lake), gider expenditure, expense, outlay; Brit, outgoings. — vergisi expenditure tax. giderayak (./..) at the last moment, just before leaving.
giderek (./.) gradually, by degrees, giderici removing, that removes: leke giderici madde spot remover, giderilmek 1. to be gotten rid of, be removed, be eradicated, be done away with, be eliminated. 2. (for thirst) to be quenched; (for hunger) to be abolished, be overcome; (for pain) to be abolished, be gotten rid of, be eliminated.
giderme getting rid of, removal, eradication, doing away with, elimination, gidermek hi 1. to get rid of, remove, eradicate, do away with, eliminate. 2. to quench (thirst); to abolish, overcome (hunger); to abolish, get rid of, eliminate (pain), gideren alan phys. demagnetizing field, gidi 1. used with the pronoun seni to form a mock reproach: Seni gidi seni! You rascal you!/You minx! 2. used with hey and a noun to express nostalgia: Hey gidi günler hey!
   Ah, those were the days! 3. prov. pimp, procurer, pander, gidici 1. temporary, short-term. 2. on death’s doorstep, about to die. gidilmek impersonal passive to go; /a/ to go to.
gidim ebb tide, gidimli log., phil. discursive, gidiş 1. going. 2. departure, leaving. 3. manner of going, pace. 4. pace, tempo. 5. behavior, attitude, conduct. 6. manner of life, way of living. 7. Ott. hist, official visit of a states7 man on horseback, —ini beğenmemek Iml colloq. 1. to disapprove of (s.o.’s) manner of living. 2. not to like the way (s.t.) is going.
   —      dönüş/geliş 1. round trip. 2. round-trip (ticket), Brit, return (ticket). — o gidiş, colloq. That was the last that was seen of him. gidişat, -ti (..—) 1. the way things are going.
    2. the way the work is going. 3. behavior, attitude, conduct. 4. manner of life, way of living.
gidişgeliş (./..) comings and goings; traffic, gidişmek prov. to itch, feel itchy, gidon 1. handlebar (of a bicycle). 2. naut. burgee.
gigabayt, -ti (/..) comp, gigabyte.
Gine (/.) 1. (the region of) Guinea. 2. Guinea, the Republic of Guinea. 3. of Guinea or its people, Guinea, gine ■(.'.) colloq. 1. again, once again, once more. 2. still, nevertheless, even so. — de but still; but in spite of this/that.
Gine Bisav see Gine Bissau.
Gine Bissau Guinea-Bissau, ginedomuzu, -nu (/....) zool. aperea, Cavia porcellus.
Gineli (/..) 1. (a) Guinean. 2. Guinean (person), ginkgo (/.) bot., see ginkoağacı. ginko (/.) bot., see ginkoağacı. ginkoağacı, -nı (/....) bot. ginkgo, gingko, ginkgo tree, maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba. ginseng (/.) bot. ginseng, Panax. gipür guipure.
gir-çık used in: — belgesi triptyque, tryptique, tryptyque.
girdap 1. whirlpool, eddy. 2. colloq. vortex, maelstrom (a state of affairs). 3. colloq. a dangerous place, girdi com., comp, input. — çıktı (—si çıktısı) colloq. 1. intimate relations. 2. the ins and outs.
girgin enterprising, forward, self-assertive, girginlik being enterprising, forwardness, self -assertiveness. girift, -ti 1 . intricate, involved; complex. 2. obs., mus. a small reed flute. — bezeme/tezyinat arabesque. — yazı an intricate style of Arabic script.
giriftar (..—) obs. 1. captive (of). 2. afflicted (with), suffering (from), victim (of), girilmek impersonal passive to enter. Girilmez. No entrance ./No admittance.
girim                                               327
girim entering, entrance, going in/into or coming in/into, girimlik 1. entrance ticket; pass. 2. entrance fee;
    admission, girinti recess, indentation, recession, girintili recessed, indented, set in. — çıkıntılı going in and out; wavy; zigzag, jagged, giriş 1. going in. 2. entry, entrance. 3. introduction. 4. comp, input. — çıkış entrance and exit; going in and out. — kapısı entrance, doorway. — kartı pass, entrance card, entrance permit. — smavi entrance examination. — supabı mech. inlet valve. — ücreti entrance fee; admission, girişik intricate, involved; complex. — bezeme arabesque. — tamlama gram, a predicate containing more than a verb and its direct object. — tümce gram, complex sentence, girişilmek /a/ impersonal passive to attempt, undertake; to set about, begin to. girişim 1. attempt, undertaking. 2. enterprise, initiative. 3. phys. interference, girişimci entrepreneur; entrepreneuse. girişimcilik entrepreneurship, girişimgücü, -nü (../..) initiative, girişimölçer (../..) interferometer, girişimölçme (../..) interferometry. girişken enterprising, initiating (person), girişkenlik being enterprising, taking initiative, girişlik 1. introduction (of a book). 2. introductory statement, introduction, preamble, girişmek /a/ 1. to attempt, undertake; to set about, begin to. 2. colloq. to meddle, interfere; to mix up (in). 3. colloq. to begin to batter/beat/thrash. (birbirine) girişmek 1. to get tangled up, be intertwined. 2. colloq. to ^ get into a fight/a quarrel.
Girit (/.) 1. Crete. 2. Cretan, of Crete, giritkekiği, -ni (./...) bot. Cretan dittany, Origanum dictamnus: giritladeni, -ni (./.».) bot. Cretan rockrose, Cis-tus creticus. giritlalesi, -ni (./—..) bot. ranunculus, crowfoot, buttercup, Ranunculus.
                                                               Giritli (/..) 1. (a) Cretan. 2. Cretan (person), giritotu, -nu (./..) bot., see giritkekiği. girizgâh 1. introduction (of a book). 2. introductory statement, introduction, preamble, girme 1. entering, entrance, going in/into or coming in/into. 2. entrance, participation, joining in. 3. hinge. 4. recess, indentation, recession. 5. recessed, indented, set in. girmek 1. /a/ to enter, go in, go into. 2. /a/ to enter, come in, come into. 3. /a/ to fit into, go into; to fit, fit onto. 4. /a/ to enter into, participate in, join in; to join. 5. /a/ (for armed forces) to enter, invade, penetrate. 6.
    /a/ to go into (a matter) deeply. 7. /a/ to go into, enter into (a subject). 8. /a/ (for a contagion) to spread among, attack. 9. (for a period, season, etc.) to come, begin. 10. /a/
                                                                   (for pain) to come to; (for an ache) to appear in. 11. /a/ to become, turn, be transformed
                                                                                                     gitmek
   into. 12. /birbirine/ to go at each other, go for each other. 13. /a/ to begin. 14. /a/ to become (a certain age). 15. /a/ to enter into, go into the making of. 16. /a/ to be enrolled, enroll (in/at); to be admitted to; to be en-. listed in, enlist in, join (the armed forces), girecek delik aramak colloq. to look for a hole to crawl into or hide in. girip çıkmak /a/ colloq. 1. to stop by, drop in for a minute.
   2.     to frequent, visit (a place) often. Girmediği bir Gerede zindanı kalmış (onda da altı ay eğlenmiş), colloq. (The only prison he hasn’t been locked up in is the one in Gerede and he has visited there for six months.) He is an inveterate criminal, girmelik 1. entrance ticket. 2. entrance fee; admission.
gişe (/.) cashier’s desk; ticket window; box office (at a theater), gitar guitar, gitarcı see gitarist, gitarist, -ti guitarist.
gitgide (/..) gradually, by degrees; increasingly, more and more, gitme 1. going. 2. departure, leaving, gitmek, -der 1. to go. 2. /dan, a/ to go from (one place) to (another). 3. /a/ to go to, travel to. 4. to depart, leave. 5. /a/ (for a road) to go to, lead to. 6. /a/ to go to (work); to go to, attend (school). 7. /a/ to lead to (a condition, result, etc.). 8. /a/ to go well with, suit, become. 9. /a/ to go for, be spent on, be used up in. 10. /a/ to be sent (to), be on the way (to). 11. /a/ to last for, be enough for. 12. to last for, stand up for (a period of time). 13. (for a period of time) to pass, be over. 14. to go, be (in a certain condition/ state). 15. to be gone, be finished, disappear, vanish. 16. to be worn out, have had it. 17. to be gone, disappear, go, die. 18. to go on (strike, boycott, etc.); to have recourse to, turn to. 19. (for a machine) to work, go. 20. (for a situation, work, etc.) to go, go on, continue. 21. /dan/ to go for, be sold at/for. 22. auxiliary verb to be: Hoşuma gitti. I liked it./It’s good. Tuhafıma gitti. It seemed strange to me./It’s strange, gitsin (after an imperative) ... and be done with it, ... and finish the matter: İmzanı atıver gitsin. Sign it and be done with it. gitti (after a verb in the past tense) 1. certainly, definitely, surely: Bunu gördü mü, darıldı gitti. If he sees it, he’ll certainly get cross. 2. It can’t be helped ./It’s too late. 3. however much one tries: Anlatamadım gitti. I could not make myself understood however hard I tried. 4. So be it: Verdim gitti. You can have it. Gidene ağam, gelene paşam, proverb (We call the one who is departing, “my good sir,” and his successor “my pasha.”) 1. An official is honored only aş long as he/she holds his/ her position. 2. We honor whoever is put over us. Gider eteri, gelir beteri, proverb
gittikçe
 328
 glase
   The newcomer is worse than his/her predecessor. Giden gelse dedem gelirdi, proverb (If people came back after death my grandfather would have come.) What’s gone is gone; it won’t come back, gidip gelmek colloq. 1. /a/ to go and return; to go regularly, frequent. 2. to go to and fro. Gidip de gelmemek var, gelip de görmemek/bulmamak var. proverb (A person can go and not come back; and a person can come and not find what he/she wants.) When you part for a long time remember that you may never see each other again. Gitti de geldi, colloq. He/She escaped from certain death ./He/She was as good as dead. Gitti gider. (Gitti gider dahi gider), colloq. He’s/She’s/It’s gone forever. Gidilmeyen yer senin olmaz/değildir. proverb If you can’t get to it, it isn’t yours, gittikçe (./.) gradually, by degrees; increasingly, more and more, giydirici cin., theat. dresser, giydirilmek /a/ (for s.o.) to be made to put on, be made to wear, be made to dress in. giydirmek 1. hi to dress, clothe (s.o.). 2. /i, a/ to dress (s.o.) in, make (s.o.) wear; to help (s.o.) put on. 3. /a/ colloq. to swear a blue streak at (s.o.), to dress (s.o.) down, giydirip kuşatmak hi colloq. to dress (s.o.) up with a new outfit, giyecek piece of clothing, garment, dress; clothing, clothes, dress, apparel, attire, giyilmek to be worn, be put on. giyim 1. piece of clothing, garment, dress; clothing, clothes, dress, apparel, attire. 2. wearing, putting on. 3. manner of dressing. — eşyası clothes, clothing. — kuşam colloq. clothes and finery. — i kuşamı yerinde colloq. smartly dressed, giyimevi, -ni (./..) clothing store, giyimli dressed, clothed. — kuşamlı colloq.
   smartly dressed, giyinik dressed, clothed, giyinim 1. manner of dressing. 2. appearance (in respect to clothing), giyiniş manner of dressing, giyinmek 1. to dress o.s. 2. to be dressed up.
   3.    /a/ colloq. to be angry at (s.t.) without showing it. giyinip kuşanmak colloq. to dress o.s. up, put on one’s best clothes, giyit, -ti prov. piece of clothing, garment, dress, giymek /ı/ 1. to put on, get on; to wear. 2. colloq. to swallow (insulting remarks), accept (a dressing down) meekly, giyotin guillotine (for beheading criminals). — pencere sash window, giysi piece of clothing, garment, dress; clothing, clothes, dress, apparel, attire. — dolabı wardrobe, armoire. — gösterisi fashion show, giysilik wardrobe, armoire.
!giz 1. secret. 2. mystery.
2giz naut. gaff, spanker gaff, gizaçım (/..) confession, admission, gizci spy.
gizdöküm (/..) confession, admission, gizdiizen (/..) conspiracy, plot, complot. gizdiizenci (/...) conspirator, plotter, complotter. gizem mystery.
gizemci phil. 1. (a) mystic. 2. mystic, gizemcilik phil. mysticism, gizemli mystical, gizemlilik being mystical, gizemsel mystical, gizil phys. potential, latent, gizilgüç (./.) phys. potential energy, gizleme 1. hiding, concealment, secreting. 2. keeping (s.t.) secret, hiding, concealment; dissembling, dissemblance. 3. camouflage, gizlemek /ı/ 1. to hide, conceal, secrete. 2. to keep (s.t.) secret, hide, conceal; to dissemble.
   3.     to camouflage, gizlenilmek 1. impersonal passive to hide, be concealed. 2. /dan/ to be kept secret (from), be hidden (from), be concealed (from), gizlenmek 1. /a/ to hide o.s., conceal o.s., secrete o.s. 2. /dan/ to be kept secret (from), be hidden (from), be concealed (from), gizli 1. hidden, concealed. 2. secret, confidential.
    3. occult. 4. secretly. 5. in private, in camera.
    —  alay irony; sarcasm. — araştırma intelligence, gathering secret information. — celse 1. law private hearing. 2. secret session, closed session. — din taşımak 1. to hold a religious belief secretly. 2. to have secret convictions. — dosya comp, hidden file. — duruşma law private hearing. — enflasyon econ. hidden inflation. — de gebe kalan aşikârede doğurur, proverb (A woman who gets pregnant secretly gives birth publicly.) What a person does in secret eventually becomes publicly known. — gizli secretly, in secret, —den gizliye secretly, in all secrecy.
    —  görevli detective; secret agent. — görüntü phot, latent image. — işsizlik hidden unemployment, disguised unemployment. — kapaklı undercover, kept secret, clandestine, surreptitious. — oturum secret session, closed session. — oy secret vote, vote by ballot. — pençe shoemaking half sole. — polis secret policeman. — rey see gizli oy.
    —  sıtma I. path, dormant malaria. 2. colloq. evil designer. — tutmak III to hide, keep (s.t.) secret. — vergi hidden tax.
gizlice (./.) secretly, in secret, gizlilik secrecy, being secret, gizmen secret agent, gizsömürü (/...) blackmail, extortion, gizsömürücü (/....) blackmailer, extortioner, extortionist, gizyazi (/..) secret code; secret cipher, gizyazilamak (/....) Ill to encode, put (a message) into a secret code, code; to encipher, put (a message) into a secret cipher, cipher, gizyazili (/...) written/spoken/sent in a secret code, coded; written in cipher, ciphered, gladyatör gladiator.
glase 1. patent leather. 2. glazed, glossy.
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glasnost, -tu (/.) pol. glasnost, openness, glayöl bot. gladiola, gladiolus, gladiole, Gladiolus.
glikogenez biochem. glycogenesis, glycogeny. glikojen biochem. glycogen, glikojenez biochem., see glikogenez. glikol, -lü chem. glycol.
glikoprotein biochem. glycoprotein, gluco-protein. glikoz glucose, glikozit, -ti glucoside. glikozüri glycosuria, glucosuria. glisemi glycemia, glycaemia. gliserin glycerin, glycerine, glycerol, globülin biochem. globulin, glokom path, glaucoma, glokoni geol. glauconite, glomerül 1. glomerulus. 2. glomerule. glosit, -ti path, glossitis, glotis anat. glottis.
glüten gluten. — ekmeği gluten bread, gnays geol. gneiss.
Gn. Kur. (abbr. for Genelkurmay) mil. G.S.
   (General Staff), goblen 1. Gobelin (tapestry). 2. Gobelin, Gobelin tapestry, gocuk 1. sheepskin coat. 2. duffle coat, gocundurmak 111 to offend, gocunmak /dan/ to take offense (at), gode tailor, godet, gore; flare, godoş slang pimp; pander to his wife, gofre text, puckered (material). — kâğıt crepe paper.
gofret, -ti multilayered wafer with sweet filling, gogo slang hashish.
gol, -lü sports goal. — atmak to kick a goal.
   —e çevirmek 111 to turn (a kick) to a goal.
   —      yapmak to make a goal, score a goal. — yemek to give up a goal, give away a goal, golcü sports a top goal-scorer, player who scores many goals, golf golf. — alanı see golf sahası. — pantolon plus fours. — sahası golf course/links. — sopası golf club. — topu golf ball.
Golfstrim the Gulf Stream, gollük (kick) that can be turned to a goal, golyanbalığı, -m (./...) zool. minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus.
gomalak, -kı/-ğı lac, stick lac; shellac.
gomalaka (../.) see gomalak.
gomlak, -kı/-ğı see gomalak.
gonat anat. gonad.
gonca bud, flower bud.
gondol, -lu/-lü gondola.
gondolcu gondolier.
gondolcü see gondolcu.
gonk, -gu gong.
gonokok, -ku gonococcus.
gonore path, gonorrhea.
gonyometre (../.) goniometer.
goril zool. gorilla, Gorilla gorilla.
goşist, -ti gauchist, extreme leftist.
goşizm leftist extremism.
                                                                                                      göç
 gotik Gothic. — harfler black letter type, Gothic type. — mimari Gothic architecture.
    —  sanat Gothic art.
 Gotlar Goths.
 goygoycu 1 .formerly a disabled, wandering beggar who chanted psalms during the month of Muharram. 2. beggar, mendicant, goygoyculuk 1. formerly the work of a goygoycu. 2. begging, mendicancy, göbek 1. navel, umbilicus. 2. paunch, potbelly, belly. 3. middle, core, center, heart. 4. heart (of lettuce, cabbage, etc.). 5. central design (on a carpet, rug, tray, ceiling or in a garden, etc.). 6. traffic circle, rotary, circle. 7. hub (of a wheel). — adı name given to a newborn baby when cutting the umbilical cord. — anası prov. midwife. — atmak 1. to belly-dance. 2. colloq. to be wild with joy.
    —  bağı 1. infant’s bellyband. 2. bot. funicle.
    —  bağlamak colloq. to develop a paunch, get a potbelly. — i bağlı (—i beraber kesilmiş) /la/ buddy-buddy with. — çalkamak/ çalkalamak to shake one’s belly. — i çatlamak colloq. to struggle hard, have a hard time (achieving s.t.). — i düşmek 1. to shed the stump of the umbilical cord. 2. to develop an umbilical hernia. — fıtığı path, umbilical hernia. — havası 1. music for a belly dance. 2. colloq. an amusing situation, —inden işetmek III slang to stab, knife, —ini kesmek Iml to cut the umbilical cord (of a newborn baby). — kordonu anat. umbilical cord. — salıvermek colloq., see göbek bağlamak, —i sokakta kesilmiş colloq. 1. (one) who never stays home, gadabout. 2. prostitute, streetwalker. — taşı heated marble slab to lie on for sweating in a Turkish bath. — tütün tobacco from the middle part of a bale.
 göbeklenmek 1. to develop a paunch, get a potbelly. 2. (for lettuce, cabbage, etc.) to develop a heart, göbekli 1. paunchy, potbellied. 2. (lettuce, cabbage, etc.) with a heart. 3. with a central design.
göbeklidomuz (../..) zool. collared peccary, Tayassu angulatus. göbekmantarı, -ni (./...) bot. morel, Mor-chella esculenta. göbel prov. 1. bastard. 2. street urchin. 3. child.
   4.     mound in a field used as a marker, göbelek prov. an edible mushroom, göbelez prov. pup, puppy, doggy, göçe prov. 1. husked and cracked wheat. 2. mush made of husked and cracked wheat. — tarhanası a tarhana made with husked and cracked wheat, göçen prov. 1. leveret, young hare/rabbit. 2. a spotted rabbit. 3. zool. European polecat, Mustela. 4. kitten, kitty. 5. puppy, pup. 6. piggy, piglet, pigling, göç, -çü 1. migration; emigration; immigration. 2. transhumance. 3. moving (from one dwelling place to another), migration. 4. house-
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   hold goods being moved. 5. seasonal migration (of animals). — etmek 1. to migrate; to emigrate; to immigrate. 2. to move (from one dwelling place to another), migrate. 3. (for animals) to migrate, göçebe 1. nomad, migrant. 2. nomadic, migrant, migratory (people). 3. migrant, migrating, migratory (animals), göçebeleşme becoming a nomad/a migrant, göçebeleşmek to become a nomad/a migrant, göçebelik 1. nomadism, nomadic way of life.
   2. moving from one dwelling place to another, migration, göçelge prov. migrant settlement, göçer 1. portable, movable; mobile. 2. nomad, migrant. 3. nomadic, migrant, migratory (people). 4. prov. axle. — evli archaic 1. nomadic, migrant, migratory (people). 2. nomad, migrant, göçeri (one) who enjoys migrating, nomadic, göçerkonar nomadic, migrant, migratory (people).
göçermek 1. /ı, a/ to turn (s.t.) over to (s.o.), transfer (s.t.) to (s.o.). 2. hi to transplant (a plant).
göçertmek hi to knock (s.t.) down, collapse, cave (s.t.) in. göçken prov., see göçen, göçkün 1. about to collapse, about to cave in, about to fall down. 2. prov. nomadic, migrant, migratory (people). 3. prov. very old (person).
göçmek 1. to migrate; to emigrate; to immigrate.
   2.    /dan, a/ to move from (one dwelling place) to (another). 3. (for animals) to migrate. 4. to collapse, cave in, fall down. 5. to pass on, die. göçüp gitmek colloq. to pass on, die. Göçtük yurdun kadri konduk yurtta bilinir, proverb You don’t really appreciate a place until you’ve left it. göçmen 1. migrant; emigrant; immigrant. 2. migrant, migrating, migratory; emigrant, emigrating; immigrant, immigrating. 3. migrant, migrating, migratory (animals). — hücre biol. migratory cell. gÖçmenkeme (./..) zool. brown rat, Rattus norvegicus.
göçmenlik being a migrant/an emigrant/an immigrant.
göçü prov. 1. migration. 2. landslide, landslip, göçücü migrant, migrating, migratory (animals), göçük 1. landslide, landslip. 2. subsidence (of land). 3. cave-in. 4. caved in, sunken, göçüm biol. taxis, göçünmek prov. to pass on, die. göçürmek 1. /i, a/ to cause (people/animals) to migrate to (a place). 2. hi to cause (s.t.) to collapse or cave in. 3. Ill colloq. to gobble up. 4. /i, a/ prov. to transplant (a plant) in (another place), göçürtmek 111 to cause (s.t.) to collapse or cave in.
göçürülmek to be made to collapse or cave in.
                                                                                                          ‘gök
göçüş 1. migration; emigration; immigration. 2. transhumance. 3. moving (from one dwelling place to another), migration. 4. seasonal migration (of animals). 5. collapsing, collapse, caving in. göçüşme phon. metathesis, göden anat. rectum. — ağrısı proctalgia. — uyuşturumu med. rectal anesthesia. — yangısı path, proctitis, gödenbağırsağı, -m (./....) anat. rectum, gödenbilim (./..) proctology, göğem prov. greenish violet, göğeri prov., see göveri, göğermek prov., see gö vermek, göğerti prov., see göverti. göğüs, -ğsü 1. anat. chest; thorax. 2. breast, bosom. 3. breast, bust (of a woman). 4. naut. breast, flare of a ship’s bow. — bağır açık colloq. with one’s shirt wide open and slovenly dressed. — boşluğu anat. thoracic cavity. — cerrahisi thoracic surgery. — çaprazı wrestling gripping one’s opponent across the chest. — darlığı path, dyspnea. — geçirmek colloq. to sigh, groan, —ünü gere gere colloq. proudly; confidently. — germek /a/ colloq. to face up to, confront (a problem) head on. —ünü germek /a/ colloq. to shield with one’s body (s.o. standing behind one).
   —   göğüse gelmek /la/ colloq. to come face to face with. — hastalıkları chest diseases, thoracic diseases. — ingini path, bronchitis.
   —ü kabarmak colloq. to be proud, swell with pride. — kafesi anat. rib cage. — kanalı anat. thoracic duct. — kası anat. pectoral muscle, pectoralis. — kayışı breast collar, breastband. — kemiği anat. breastbone, sternum. — kovuğu anat., see göğüs boşluğu.
   —   sayrılıkları see göğüs hastalıkları. — sesi mus. chest tone. — tahtası 1. breastbone, sternum. 2. mus. sounding board, soundboard (of a stringed instrument). — yüzgeci pectoral fin. — zarı anat. pleura.
   —   zarı irin toplağı path, empyema, pyo-thorax. — zarı yangısı path, pleurisy, pleu-ritis. — zırhı breastplate.
göğüsbağı, -ni (./..) brassiere, bra. göğüsiçi (./..) anat. endothoracic, intrathoracic. göğüsleme 1. pushing (s.t.) with the breast, breasting. 2. breasting, opposing (s.t.) boldly. 3. breasting, opposing (s.o.) with the breast. 4. arch, strut, brace. — kemeri arch. flying buttress, göğüslemek hf 1. to push (s.t.) with the breast, breast. 2. to breast, oppose (s.t.) boldly. 3. to breast, oppose (s.o.) with the breast, göğüslü 1. broad-chested, chesty. 2. full -bosomed, bosomy, buxom, göğüşlük 1. smock (for primary school students). 2. apron. 3. child’s bib. 4. breast strap.
   5.  breastplate (of armor).
*gök 1. sky; the heavens; the firmament. 2. celestial, heavenly. — te ararken yerde bulmak h! colloq. to find (s.t.) in an unexpected
   way; to run across (s.o.) one has long been looking for. — atlası celestial atlas, —lere çıkarmak l\l colloq. to praise (s.o.) to the skies, —lere çıkmak colloq. to rise to the sky. __ delinmek colloq. to rain torrentially, rain cats and dogs, pour, —ün dibi delinmiş. colloq. Rain is falling in torrents. — e direk, denize kapak olmaz, proverb (You can’t put a pillar up to the sky, nor put a cover on the sea.) Don’t waste time trying to do impossible or unnecessary things. — ekseni astr. axis of the celestial sphere. — gürlemek to thunder. — gürlemesi/gürültüsü thunder, a clap of thunder. — kubbe colloq. the vault of heaven, the celestial vault. — mavisi sky -blue, azure, —ten ne yağdı da yer kabul etmedi? (Gökten ne yağar ki yer kabul etmesin?) proverb (Has the earth ever refused to receive what the sky has rained down?) What great people deign to give must be received with gratitude, —lere uçurmak III colloq., see göklere çıkarmak, —te yıldız ararken yerdeki çukuru görmemek colloq. to try to tackle big projects while being unable to do small things successfully, —ten zembille inmek colloq. 1. to be perfect. 2. to come out of the blue.
2gök 1. blue, sky-blue, azure; aquamarine. 2. prov. unripe, green (fruit). — at prov. blue -roan horse. — gözlü 1. blue-eyed. 2. malevolent, injurious. — kandil colloq. very drunk, dead drunk. — yemiş prov. unripe fruit, green fruit. — yeşil prov. green lizard. == zurna colloq., see gök kandil, gökada (/..) astr. galaxy, gökbilim (/..) astronomy, gökbilimci (/...) astronomer, gökbilimsel (/...) astronomical, of astronomy, gökcismi, -ni (/..) astr. celestial body, heavenly body.
gökçe 1. heavenly, celestial. 2. bluish, tinged with blue. 3. pretty, pleasant, beautiful. — yazm see gökçeyazın.
Gökçeada (./..) Gökçeada (an island near the entrance to the Dardanelles, formerly known as İmroz).
gökçeağaç (./..) bot. 1. willow, Salix. 2. hornbeam, Carpinus betulus. gökçebalığı, -m (./...) zool. bleak, Alburnus lucidus.
gökçegüvercin (./...) zool. stock dove, Columba oenas.
gökçek prov. pretty, pleasant, beautiful, gökçeyazın (./..) literature, gökçül prov. 1. bluish, tinged with blue. 2. celestial, heavenly, gökdelen skyscraper.
gökdoğan (/..) zool. hen harrier, Circus cyan-eus.
gökekseni, -ni (/...) astr. axis of the celestial sphere.
gökeşleği, -ni (/...) astr. celestial equator, gökevi, -ni (/..) astr. planetarium.
gökfıziği, -ni (/...) astrophysics, gökgüvercin (/...) zool., see gökçegüvercin. Gökhan astr. Uranus, gökkır (/.) blue-roan (horse), gökkumu, -nu (/..) chondrule, chondrus. gökkuşağı, -ni (/...) rainbow, gökkutbu, -nu (/..) celestial pole, gökkuzgun (/..) zool. blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata.
gökküresi, -ni (/...) astr. celestial sphere, göklük 1. blueness, blue color. 2. destined for heaven.
gökmen prov. blue-eyed and blond, göksel celestial, heavenly, göktaşı, -m (/..) meteor, meteorite; aerolite; bolide.
Göktürk (.'.) 1. (a) Kök Turk. 2. of the Kök Turks.
Göktürkçe (/..) the language of the Kök Turks (used in the Orkhon and Yenisei inscriptions), gökyakut, -tu (/—.) 1. sapphire. 2. deep blue, sapphire.
gökyolu, -nu (/..) the Milky Way. gökyüzü, -nü (/..) sky, the visible sky. — nde düğün var deseler, kadınlar merdiven kurmaya kalkar, proverb Women love parties whatever the cost, göl lake. — ayağı outlet of a lake. — olmak (for water) to form a puddle/a pond. — e su gelinceye kadar kurbağanın gözü patlar. proverb (By the time water reaches the lake the frog’s eyes have popped.) By the time help comes the damage is done ./A benefit long delayed is as bad as no benefit, gölalası, -m (/...) zool. lake trout, salmon trout, Salmo lacustris. gölbaşı, -ni (/..) small stream running into a lake.
gölcük small lake; pond; puddle, gölcül lacustrine.
gölek prov. 1. small lake; pond; puddle. 2. weir, small dam. 3. pool for irrigation, gölermek prov. 1. to form a puddle/a pond. 2. (for an animal) to be tangled in a rope and fall down.
gölet, -ti 1. small lake; pond; puddle. 2. weir, small dam. 3. stone tank for soaking hides, gölge 1. shadow, umbra. 2. shade. 3. shadow, silhouette. 4. shadow, shading (in a painting/ a drawing). 5. colloq. shadow, a person who sticks close to someone. 6. colloq. shadow, protection, —si altında Iml colloq. under the protection of. — de bırakmak hi colloq. 1. to cast (s.o.) into the shade, put (s.o.) in the shade, overshadow, surpass. 2. to overshadow, cast (s.t.) into the shade. — düşmek /a/ for a shadow to fall upon (s.t.). — düşürmek /a/ to cast a shadow on, overshadow, cloud.
    —  etmek 1. to make a shadow, cast a shadow. 2. to stand in one’s light, block one’s light. 3. colloq. to stand in one’s way, thwart one’s efforts. — etme, başka ihsan istemem. Don’t bother me; that’s all I ask of you. —
gölgebalığı
332
gönenceli
    gibi shadowy. — görüntü silhouette. — ışık art chiaroscuro, light and shade. — kabine pol. shadow cabinet. — de kalmak to keep in the background, —sinden korkmak colloq. to be frightened of one’s own shadow.
   —   olmak /a/ colloq. to protect, take (s.o.) under one’s wing. — oyunu shadow play, shadow show (with flat figures or puppets).
   —   tiyatrosu shadow play, shadow theater (performed by living actors). — vurmak /a/ art to shade.
gölgebalığı, -ni (./...) zool. 1. grayling, Thymal-lus thymallus. 2. umbra, umbrine, Umbrina cirrhosa.
gölgebitkisi, -ni (./...) bot. sciophyte. gölgecil bot. shade-loving, gölgekuşu, -nu (./..) zool. hammerkop, ham-merkop bird, hammerkop stork, hammerhead, hammerheaded stork, Scopus umbretta. gölgeleme art shading-in. gölgelemek /ı/ 1. to cast (s.t.) into shadow. 2.
    to overshadow. 3. art to shade in. gölgelendirmek /ı/ 1. to shade, give shade to.
    2.    to cast a shadow on, cloud, gölgelenmek 1. to become shady, get shaded,
    be in the shade. 2. to rest in the shade, gölgeli 1. shady, shaded, shadowy. 2. blurred.
   3.  print, shaded. — filigran shaded watermark. — resim sciagraphy, sciagraphic picture.
gölgelik 1. shady spot. 2. arbor; bower. 3. awning, canopy, gölgeolay (..'..) phil. epiphenomenon. gölgeolaycı (./...) phil. epiphenomenalist. gölgeolaycılık (./....) phil. epiphenomenalism. gölgesiz without shade, shadeless. gölkestanesi, -ni (/.—..) bot. water chestnut, water caltrop, Trapa natans. göllemek /i/ to turn (a place) into a pond/a lake, göllenmek to form a lake/a pond/a puddle, gölmidyesi, -ni (/...) zool. freshwater mussel, Anodonta cygnaeus. gölotu, -nu (/..) bot. pond lily, yellow water lily, Nuphar luteum. gölsel lacustrine.
gölük prov. 1. pack animal. 2. mount, saddle animal. 3. donkey foal, gömeç hexagonal wax cell of a honeycomb, gömgök (/.) 1. intensely blue, dark blue. 2. extremely, excessively, dead, gömlek 1. shirt. 2. (woman’s) slip. 3. smock; doctor’s white coat. 4. book jacket. 5. generation. 6. gas mantle. 7. degree, level. 8. file folder. 9. anat. tunic, tunica. 10. coat, covering; coat of paint. 11. (snake) slough. 12. mech. sleeve. — değiştirmek 1. (for a snake) to cast off its skin, slough its skin.
   2.     colloq. to change one’s opinion; to be changeable. — eskitmek colloq. to live a long life, —inden/—ten geçirmek /ı/ colloq. to adopt (a child), gömlekçek prov. with nothing on but a shirt, in one’s shirt sleeves.
gömlekçi shirtmaker; seller of shirts, gömlekçilik making/selling shirts, gömlekli wearing a shirt, gömleklik 1. shirting. 2. enough (cloth) to make (so many) shirts, gömlekliler zool. tunicates, Tunicata. gömme 1. burying, burial. 2. buried; sunken; recessed. 3. built-in. — ayak arch, pilaster.
   —  banyo built-in bathtub. — dolap built-in closet/cupboard. — kilit inset lock. — sütun arch, semicolumn, demi-column, half-column.
gömmeci craftsman who decorates objects in marquetry.
gömmecilik marquetry, decorating objects in marquetry.
gömmek /ı, a/ 1. to bury. 2. to bury, inter (a dead body), gömü buried treasure, gömük buried.
gömüldürük prov. 1. breast strap. 2. wooden piece that closes an ox yoke, gömülmek 1. to be buried. 2. (for a dead body) to be buried, be interred. 3. /a/ to bury o.s. in, sink into. 4. /a/ to be buried in, be covered over by. 5. /a/ to sink into, gömültü prov. 1. hole for a hunter’s concealment. 2. hunting blind, Brit. hide, gömülü 1. buried. 2. /a/ buried in. 3. buried, interred. 4. /a/ buried in, sunken in. gömüt, -tü grave, tomb, gömütçü gravedigger, gömütlük cemetery.
Gön. (abbr. for Gönderen) fr. (from), gön 1. tanned leather; morocco leather. 2. stout leather.
göncü 1. leather dealer. 2. cobbler, shoe repairman.
gönç prov. prosperous, wealthy, gönder 1. flagpole, flagstaff. 2. oxgoad. gönderen 1. sender. 2. consignor; shipper, gönderi 1. mail, post. 2. prov. sendoff. gönderilen consignee. — mallar consignment, a batch of goods consigned, gönderilmek 1. to be sent, be dispatched, be transmitted. 2. com. to be consigned; to be shipped. 3. to be sent off. gönderme 1. sending, dispatching, transmittal.
   2, com. consignment, consigning; shipping.
   3. sending off. 4. reference, direction to some source of information. — belgesi waybill, consignment list. — yapmak /a/ to make a reference to (some source of information).
göndermek /ı/ 1. to send, dispatch, transmit. 2. com. to consign; to ship. 3. to send off. 4. to see (s.o.) off. göndertmek /ı,*a/ 1. to have (s.o.) send (s.o./ s.t.). 2. to have (s.o./s.t.) sent/dispatched to (a place).
gönen prov. 1. irrigating soil for seeding. 2.
   moisture; humidity. 3. moist (soil), gönence comforts, conveniences, gönenceli equipped with conveniences and
gönenç
   labor-saving devices, gönenç 1. easy circumstances, affluence and ease. 2. prosperity. 3. happiness, gönençli 1. comfortable, easy (circumstances). 2. prosperous, well-off, living in ease. 3. happy.
gönendirilmek 1. to be made prosperous. 2. to be made happy, gönendirmek /i/ 1. to bring prosperity to. 2. to make (s.o.) happy, gönenmek 1. to prosper. 2. to be happy, rejoice, gönül, -nlü 1. heart; mind. 2. inclination, desire, willingness, —den 1. heartfelt, sincere. 2. most sincerely, —ünce after one’s own heart. — acısı pangs of love. —ü açık 1. openhearted, frank, sincere. 2. lighthearted, carefree, cheerful. — açıklığı 1. openheartedness, sincerity. 2. lightheartedness, carefreeness, cheerfulness. — ü açılmak to cheer up, become cheerful, —ünü açmak /ml to cheer (s.o.) up, gladden (s.o.), gladden (s.o.’s) heart, lift (s.o.’s) spirits. — ü akmak /a/ to be enchanted by, be attached to, feel an attraction for. — alçaklığı humility, modesty, —ünü almak /in/ 1. to please. 2. to restore relations with, apologize to and make up with.
   —   avcısı colloq. (a) Don Juan; vamp, —ünü avlamak Iml colloq. to captivate, win (s.o.’s) love. — avutmak 1. to dally with love. 2. /la/ to resign o.s. to (a lesser portion), content o.s. with (little). — bağı bonds of love. — bağlamak /a/ to set one’s heart on. — belası colloq. trouble caused by love. — bir sırça saraydır, kırılırsa yapılmaz, proverb The heart is a glass palace; if it is broken it can’t be mended. — birliği unity of feelings. —ü bol generous-hearted. — borcu gratitude. — budalası colloq. hopelessly in love, —ünü bulandırmak Iml 1. to nauseate. 2. to raise (one’s) suspicions. — ü bulanmak 1. to feel sick at one’s stomach, be nauseated. 2. to get suspicious. — bulantısı colloq. 1. nausea.
   2.  suspicion. — çekmek to be in love. — ü çekmek hi see cam çekmek, —ünü çelmek Iml to captivate, win (s.o.’s) love, —den/ —ünden çıkarmak 111 to forget, cast (s.o.) out of one’s heart. — ü çökmek to have a breakdown in morale, give up. — ü daralmak to be distressed. — darlığı 1. distress.
   2.  intolerance. — değiştirmek to change sweethearts. — delisi colloq. one who keeps falling in love, — dilencisi colloq. one who is so madly in love that he undergoes any humiliation to be near his beloved, —üne doğmak to have a presentiment. — dolaştırmak see gönül gezdirmek, —ünün dümeni bozuk colloq. (one) who is not serious in his love affairs. — eğlencesi colloq. 1. pastime, amusement. 2. passing love affair, flirtation. — eğlendirmek /la/ 1. to amuse o.s. with, have a good time (doing s.t.). 2. to have a love affair with. — eri tolerant and sensible person. — esenliği peace of mind, re-
                                                                                                  gönül
pose, —ünü etmek Iml see gönlünü yapmak. — ferahlığı contentment. — ferman dinlemez, proverb (The heart is not commanded.) The heart will always have its own way. — ü gani 1. generous. 2. contented, —ünden geçirmek 111 to want to do; to wish (s.t.) to happen, —ünden geçmek to come to one’s mind, occur to one. — ü geniş easygoing. — gezdirmek colloq. to review the possible (pleasant) choices, —den gönüle yol vardır, proverb (There is a path from one heart to another.) Close friends instinctively know each other’s thoughts and actions, —üne göre after one’s own heart. — ü gözü açılmak to be cheered up, feel revived, —ünü hoş etmek /in/ to please, make (s.o.) contented. — hoşluğu ile willingly, —den ırak olmak not to be loved. — ü ile oynamak Iml colloq. to play with (s.o.’s) heart. —ü ilişmek /a/ see gönlü akmak. — indirmek to be willing to do some job that is beneath one; to accept/do something that is beneath one, condescend to do something.
—  işi love affair. — ü kalmak 1. to feel resentment, feel hurt. 2. /da/ to long for. — ü kanmak to stop worrying, be set at ease, —ünü kapmak Iml to captivate, win (s.o.’s) love, —ünü kaptırmak /a/ to be captivated by. — ü kara malevolent. — ü kararmak to lose one’s zest for living, —ünü karartmak Iml to make (s.o.) lose the joy of living. — karımaz, proverb, see Gönül kocamaz.
—ü kaymak /a/ to love, feel an attraction for. — ü kırılmak for one’s feelings to be hurt, —ünü kırmak Iml to hurt the feelings of; to crush; to put (s.o.) down. — kimi severse güzel odur. proverb (The beauty is the one you love.) Beauty is a matter of individual taste. — kocamaz. proverb The heart never grows old. —den/—ünden kopmak to be given gladly: gönlünüzden ne koparsa what you feel like giving. — koymak /a/ to be upset by. — maskarası colloq. one who becomes a laughingstock because of a love affair. — okşamak to treat someone kindly.
—  okşayıcı pleasant, tender, loving. —ü olmak 1. /a/ to be willing to; to agree to, consent to. 2. /da/ to want to have, be in love with (s.t.). 3. /da/ to love, be in love with (s.o.). —ünü pazara çıkarmak colloq. to fall in love with an unworthy person. — rahatlığı complete peace and comfort. — ü razı olmamak /a/ to be unwilling to, find (s.t.) unacceptable. — rızasıyla see gönül hoşluğu ile. —ünü serin tutmak to keep one’s cool. —ü takılmak /a/ see gönlü akmak. — ü tok not covetous; not greedy; content with what one has. — tokluğu lack of covetousness; lack of greed; being content with what one has. — var otluğa, gönül var bokluğa (konar). pro verb (Some hearts turn to the meadow, some to the dunghill.) Some people love what is good and beautiful and others prefer
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    what is bad and ugly. — verme evliye, eve gider unutur, proverb Don’t give your heart to a married man; in the end he will go home to his wife and forget you. — vermek /a/ to fall in love with, —ünü yapmak /in/ 1. to persuade, induce, win (one’s) assent. 2. to please. — yarası colloq. one’s most painful memory, —ün yazı var, kışı var. proverb (The.heart has a summer and it has a winter.) People have their ups and downs, —ünü yıkmak /in/ to hurt the feelings of; to crush; to put (s.o.) down. — ü zengin generous, gönüldeş a person who has the same feelings and thoughts as another, gönülgücü, -nü (./..) morale, gönüllenmek to be hurt, take something to heart, be crushed, gönüllü 1. volunteer. 2. willing. 3. lover. — gönülsüz colloq. halfheartedly, gönüllülük 1. volunteering. 2. willingness, gönülsüz 1. humble, modest. 2. unwilling, disinclined. 3. halfhearted. 4. unwillingly; halfheartedly. — köpek ava gitmez, proverb (You can’t force an unwilling dog to go hunting.) An unwilling person can’t be forced to do something. — namaz göğe/göklere ağmaz. proverb (An unwilling prayer does not ascend to heaven.) Working grudgingly nets nothing. — yenen aş, ya karın ağrıtır ya baş. proverb (Food eaten without appetite gives either a stomach ache or a headache.)
    No good will come from work done unwillingly.
gönülsüzce (../.) unwillingly, gönülsüzlük unwillingness, gönye triangle, set square, gönyeleme measuring with a set square, gönyelemek /i/ to measure (s.t.) with a set square.
gördek zool. bitterling, Rhode us amarus. gördürmek /ı, a/ to assign (a job) to (s.o.). göre /a/ 1. in (one’s) opinion. 2. according to, as to, in respect of, with respect to. 3. compared to. 4. (which is) right for, (which) suits:
    Bu tasma tam bizim köpeğe göre. This collar is just right for our dog. 5. since, as, seeing as how: Ahtapot piştiğine göre artık yiyebiliriz. As the octopus is cooked, now we can eat it. görece phil. relative, görececi phil., see göreci. görececilik phil., see görecilik. göreceli phil. relative, görecelik phil. relativity, göreci phil. 1. (a) relativist. 2. relativistic. görecilik phil. relativism, göreli phil. relative, görelik phil. relation, görelilik phil. relativity.
görenek custom, customary way of doing something, established usage, görenekçi 1. (a) conventionalist. 2. conventional (person).
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görenekçilik conventionalism, görenekli bound by custom, conventional, göreneksel conventional, customary, göresimek /ı/ prov. to miss, yearn for. görev 1. duty. 2. job, employment, function. 3. official work, office. 4. task. 5. physiol., gram., math, function. 6. law jurisdiction, —den alınmak 1. to be removed from office. 2. to be demoted. — e almak hf to appoint. — bitimi discharge, demobilization, —den çıkarmak /ı/ to discharge, dismiss, fire. — yapmak to work, do a job (as an employee or in an official capacity), görevci 1. (s.o.) who loves his/her job, who is devoted to his/her work. 2. functional. 3. sociol., psych, (a) functionalist. 4. sociol., psych, functionalist, functionalistic, görevcilik 1. joy in one’s work, devotion to duty. 2. sociol. functionalism. 3. psych, functionalism, functional psychology, görevdeş having the same function, görevdeşlik physiol, synergy, synergism, görevlendirilmek to be charged with a duty; /la/ to be assigned, charged with, or entrusted with (a duty/a job), görevlendirmek h! to charge (s.o.) with a duty; /i, la/ to assign/entrust (a duty/a job) to; to charge (s.o.) with (a duty/a job), görevlenmek to be assigned a duty, görevli 1. in charge, on duty, responsible. 2. /la/ charged with, assigned to, responsible for. 3. official, functionary. 4. jobholder, employee.
görevlilik 1. being in charge, on duty, or responsible. 2. being an official/a functionary, görevsel functional, — dilbilim functional linguistics.
görevselci 1. (a) functionalist. 2. functionalist, functionalistic, görevselcilik functionalism, görevsever (s.o.) who loves his/her job, who is devoted to his/her work, görevseverlik devotion to one’s job. görevsiz out of work, unemployed, görevsizlik 1. unemployment. 2. law being beyond one’s area of jurisdiction, görgü 1. good manners, breeding. 2. experience.
   3.     witnessing, having seen something personally. — kuralları the rules of good manners, etiquette. — tanığı eyewitness, görgücü empiricist, görgücülük empiricism, görgül empirical. — ruhbilim empirical psychology.
görgülendirmek hi 1. to help (s.o.) become well-mannered/polite. 2. to help (s.o.) get experience.
görgülenmek 1. to become well-mannered/ polite. 2. to gain experience, see and learn, görgülü 1. polite, well-mannered. 2. experienced. — kuşlar gördüğünü işler, görmedik kuşlar ne görsün ki ne işler? proverb (Well-mannered birds do what they have
 görgüsüz
                                                           seen done; but what can ill-mannered birds do who have seen nothing?) Polite people come from polite backgrounds, görgüsüz 1. impolite, ill-mannered, rude. 2. inexperienced, görgüsüzlük 1. lack of manners, rudeness. 2.
   inexperience, lack of experience, gör-işit audiovisual.
                                                           görk, -kü prov. 1. beauty, striking appearance.
   2.    splendor, pomp, görkem splendor, magnificence, pomp, görkemli 1. splendid, magnificent, pompous.
   2.    big, grown up. görklü prov. handsome, beautiful, görme sight, vision. — alanı field of vision, visual field. — aygıtı/cihazı optical apparatus. — duyusu sight, the sense of sight. — organı visual organ, the organ of vision. — özürlü visually impaired. — siniri anat. optic nerve. — yitimi amblyopia, görmece 1. on condition of seeing. 2. roughly speaking, by just looking at it. görmek, -ür 1. hi to see. 2. Ill to see, watch. 3. hi to see, perceive, discern (mentally). 4. hi to see, meet and talk to/with. 5. hi to see (s.t.) as, view (s.t.) as, find, consider (s.t.) to be, judge (s.t.) to be. 6. Ill to experience, live through. 7. hi to perform, do, attend to (a duty, task, etc.); to pay (an expense). 8. /dan, i/ to receive, experience (a certain kind of treatment) from (or at the hands of). 9. Ill to take (a course, lessons, etc.); to receive, get (an education); to have (an upbringing). 10. hi to get, acquire: cebi para görmek to come into money. 11. hi to receive (help). 12. hi to be preoccupied with, think (only) of: Gözü paradan başka bir şey görmüyor. He thinks of nothing but money. 13. Ill to undergo: tedavi görmek to undergo treatment. 14. hi to face (in the direction of): Bu oda güneş görüyor. This room faces the sun. 15. hi to go and see, visit. 16. Ill to perceive (by the sense of touch). 17. hi to be the stage for, be the scene of, be the setting for, see. 18. Ill to regard as, consider, deem. 19. Ill colloq. to share (good fortune) with, think of: Piyango sana vurursa beni de gör. If you win the lottery, think of me. 20. Ill sports to anticipate (the move of an opponent). 21. Ill slang to bribe. 22. used in combination to express a threat: Hele bir öğretmene söyle,
   o  zaman görürsün! Just try telling the teacher, you’ll get what’s coming to you then! Şimdi bunu paramparça edeyim de gör! You’ll believe me if I smash this to bits right now! Bizi gammazla da gör bak! See what happens if you squeal on us! 23. used in combination to give emphasis to a prediction: Göreceksin, Bedri sınıfta kalacak. Bedri’s going to fail; just you wait and see. Gör bak, neler olacak neler! All sorts of things are going to happen now; just you
görmez
   wait and see! 24. used after an -e gerund to show continuous action: Ferit mektubu yazagörürken kapı çalındı. While Ferit was busy writing the letter there was a knock at the door. 25. used after a negative -e gerund for emphasis: O dağlarda ölmeyegör! Cesedin akbabalara yem olur. Mind you don’t die in those mountains! If you do, your corpse’ll be food for the vultures. Sizi yakalamayagörsün, polise haber verir. Make sure you don’t let him catch you, for he’ll turn you over to the police. Onlara nerede oturduğunu söylemeyegörmeli. You should be careful not to tell them where you live. Tek bir hata etmeyegörelim, kapı dışarı edildiğimizin resmidir! Let’s not make one single mistake, or we’ll get the boot for sure! görerek atış mil. direct fire, görmeyerek/görmeden atış mil. indirect fire. Gördün deli, savul geri, proverb (You see the crazy man, so get away from him.) One should avoid having anything to do with unbalanced people, görmüş geçirmiş experienced. Görenedir görene, köre nedir köre ne? proverb A person with sight sees what a thing is, but a blind person has no way of understanding it. Gören gözün hakkı vardır, proverb (An eye that sees something has some right.) One should share what one has with a person who wants some of it. göreceği/göresi gelmek 111 colloq. to long to see: Seni göreceğimiz geldi. We’ve been longing to see you. Göreyim seni/sizi! 1. Show your stuff!/Show me what you can do! (used singly or in combination as a word of encouragement). 2. used in combination to express a threat: O sayfayı yırt da göreyim seni! Just try ripping that page! (...) görmediğe/görmemişe dönmek colloq. to be completely recovered (from an illness, tragedy, etc.). Görüp göreceği rahmet bu. colloq. This is all he/she will ever get. -meye görsün/gör colloq. as soon as (one) (does s.t., becomes s.t., etc.), once (s.t.) (is done, happens, etc.). görüp gözetmek hi colloq. to protect, guard, keep an eye on. görerek nişan alma mil. direct laying, görmeyerek/ görmeden nişan alma mil. indirect laying, görmemezlik see görmezlik, görmemiş 1. upstart, parvenu. 2. without social polish, unsophisticated. — görmüş, gülmeden (güle güle) ölmüş, proverb (The inexperienced person had a wonderful stroke of fortune and died of joy.) A person with no background does not know how to handle a stroke of fortune, -—in oğlu olmuş, çekmiş çükünü koparmış, proverb (The ignorant man had a son and pulled off the baby’s penis by mistake.) An ignorant person can’t handle good fortune, görmemişlik lack of social polish; unsophisticated, awkward behavior, görmez blind.
görmezlik
336
görüştürülmek
görmezlik 1. blindness. 2. pretending not to see.
    —ten/—e gelmek hi to pretend not to see. görmüşlük sense of having seen (s.o./s.t.) before. — duygusu psych, paramnesia, retrospective falsification, dejâ vu. görsel visual, pertaining to sight. — sanatlar visual arts.
görsel-işitsel audiovisual. — eğitim audiovisual education, görsellik visual quality, visuality. görsü image, something imagined, imagination, görü 1. faculty of sight, vision. 2. view, sight.
    3.    phil. intuition, görücü woman sent out to see about a prospective bride, matchmaker, —ye çıkmak (for a prospective bride) to show herself to the woman who is arranging the marriage.
    —     gitmek (for the matchmaker) to pay a visit to see a prospective bride, görücülük matchmaker’s visit for seeing a prospective bride, matchmaking, görük prov., see gölük, görüldü visa, signature/stamp of formal approval.
görüldüğünde banking (payable) on presentation, at sight (used on bills/drafts). görülmek 1. to be seen. 2. to be taken care of, be handled. 3. to be seen, occur, be evident, appear, görüldükten sonra banking (payable) after sight (used on bills/drafts). görülmemiş extraordinary, never seen before, görüm 1. faculty of sight, vision. 2. mystical vision. 3. house call, hospital visit (of a physician).
görümce (./.) husband’s sister, sister-in-law of the wife.
görümcelik (./..) relationship of the husband’s sister to her sister-in-law. — yapmak/etmek colloq. (for the groom’s sister) to pester the bride.
görümlük 1. display item. 2. jewelry given by a bridegroom to his bride after he has unveiled her and seen her face for the first time. 3. physician’s fee for a house call or a hospital visit. 4. display window, show window; display case, show case, görünç spectacle, show; scene, görünçlük 1. cin., TV scene. 2. theat. stage. — arkası theat. backstage. — e koyma 1. cin., TV setting the scene. 2. theat. staging, mise -en-scene.
görünçlükleme 1. cin., TV setting the scene. 2.
    theat. staging, mise-en-scene. görünen 1. visible, seeable. 2. apparent. — da-ğm/köyün uzağı olmaz, proverb (A mountain that can be seen can’t be far away.) By the time the outcome of something is definite the end is near. — köy kılavuz istemez. proverb One does not need a guide to a village in sight, görünge perspective, görüngü phenomenon.
görünmek 1. to appear, come into sight, show
   o.s. 2. to be visible, be seen. 3. to seem to be, appear to be. 4. to appear as, look like, give the impression of, create an impression of. 5. /a/ to scold, tell (s.o.) off. Göründü Sivas’ın bağları, colloq. (The vineyards of Sivas came into sight.) What we hoped for turned out to be just the opposite, görünmeyen invisible. — kalemler econ. invisible items, invisibles, görünmez 1. invisible, unseeable. 2. unapparent.
   3.     unexpected, unforeseen. — kaza unexpected accident. — olmak 1. not to have been seen (for a long time). 2. to disappear, görüntü 1. phantom, specter, apparition. 2. phys. image. 3. cin., TV image, picture. 4. math. image. 5. comp, image; display image. — bellek comp, virtual memory, virtual storage, görüntüleme 1. putting on film; televising. 2.
   comp, display, görüntülemek III 1. to render in visual images;
   to film; to televise. 2. comp, to display, görüntülük (movie/television/slide) screen, görünüm 1. appearance, view. 2. gram, aspect (of a verb), görünür apparent. — mirasçı heir apparent, görünürde 1. in appearance, externally. 2. in sight, in view, within view, around, görünürlerde in sight, in view, within view, around.
görünüş 1. appearance, aspect, look; looks. 2. appearances, outward looks, façade. 3. view, sight. 4. gram, aspect (of a verb). 5. arch. elevation. — e aldanma/aldanmamali. proverb Don’t be deceived by appearances. — e bakılırsa/göre apparently, as far as can be seen, judging by appearances. — ü kurtarmak colloq. to save face, görünüşte apparently, as far as can be seen, judging by appearances, görüş 1. faculty of sight, vision. 2. seeing, sight.
   3. opinion, view. 4. visit, visitation (to a prison, hospital, etc.). — açısı 1. angle of vision, range of vision. 2. point of view. — ayrılığı difference of opinion. — birliği agreement, consensus. — farkı see görüş ayrılığı.
görüşme 1. talk, conversation. 2. discussion, negotiation, deliberation, exchange of views; consultation, conference. 3. interview, görüşmeci visitor (to a prison, hospital, etc.). görüşmek 1. /la/ to talk (with), chat (with), converse (with); /la/ to meet (s.o.) for a chat. 2. /la/ to visit, see. 3. to visit each other, see each other. 4. Ill to discuss, talk over, have a conversation about. 5. /la/ to have an interview with.
görüştürmek 1. /ı, la/ to allow (s.o.) to talk with. 2. hi to bring about a meeting between (people); /i, la/ to arrange a meeting between (one person) and (another), görüştürülmek 1. /la/ to be allowed to talk with. 2. to be brought together (for a meeting, consultation, etc.).
görüşü
görüşü interview, görüşücü interviewer.
görüşülmek 1. to be discussed, be talked over. 2. /la/ impersonal passive to talk with, converse with; to consult with, görüşüm 1. interview. 2. report/reporting based on information gained by interviewing, gösterge 1. indication, sign. 2. indicator (on a dial instrument). 3. chart, table, index. 4. gram. sign, göstergebilim (../..) semeiology, semiology, gösteri 1. show, display (of skill). 2. showing (of a movie); performance (of a play). 3. demonstration (of public feeling). — yürüyüşü demonstration march, gösterici 1. projector. 2. demonstrator, protester, gösterilmek 1. to be shown. 2. to be shown, be pointed at, be pointed to. 3. to be shown, be indicated, be denoted, be designated, be manifested, be pointed out. 4. (for a movie, slides, etc.) to be shown, be projected. 5. /a/ to be exposed to (the sun, heat, light, etc.).
   6.     to be shown, be demonstrated, be evidenced. 7. to be shown, be explained, be pointed out. 8. /a/ (for work to be done) to be shown/assigned to (s.o.). 9. to be shown, be displayed, be revealed, gösterim 1. cin. projection. 2. (a) showing (of a movie); (a) performance (of a play), gösteriş 1. showing, demonstrating. 2. showing off, ostentation. 3. showiness, imposing appearance, striking appearance. — yapmak to show off.
gösterişçi show-offish, ostentatious, pretentious (person).
gösterişçilik showing off, ostentation, pretentiousness.
gösterişli showy, of striking appearance, imposing, eye-catching, gösterişsiz 1. not showy, unimposing. 2. unostentatious, unpretentious (person), gösterişsizlik 1. lack of showiness, being unimposing. 2. unostentatiousness, unpretentiousness.
gösterme showing, indicating, indication, pointing out. — adılı gram, demonstrative pronoun. — belirteci gram, demonstrative adverb. — parmağı index finger. — sıfatı gram, demonstrative adjective, göstermeci psych. 1. (an) exhibitionist. 2. exhibitionist, exhibitionistic. göstermecilik psych, exhibitionism, göstermek 1. /ı, a/ to show. 2. hi to show, point at, point to. 3. hi to show, indicate, denote, designate, manifest, point out. 4. hi to show, project (a movie, slides, etc.). 5. h, a/ to expose (s.t.) to (the sun, heat, light, etc.). 6. hi to show, demonstrate, evidence. 7. hi to show, explain, point out. 8. /i, a/ to show/ assign (s.o.) (work to be done). 9. hi to show off; to set off, display (s.t.) to advantage. 10. hi to show, display, reveal. 11 /a/ to show, get even with. 12. to seem to be,
                                                                                                   götürü
   appear to be, look to be. 13. auxiliary verb to show, have, give evidence of (feelings/ character/disposition): saygı göstermek to show respect, be respectful, sabır göstermek to show patience, be patient, göstermelik 1. sample, specimen, showpiece. 2. small set piece displayed on the screen prior to the performance of a Turkish shadow show. 3. only for show, nonfunctional, göstermeparmağı, -ni (../...) index finger, forefinger.
göstertmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) show (s.t.). 2. to have (s.o.) show, point at, or point to (s.t./s.o.). 3. to have (s.o.) show, indicate, denote, designate, manifest, or point out (s.t.). göt, -tü vulg. 1. *ass, bottom, buttocks. 2. Asshole, anus. 3. guts, nerve, courage, pluck. 4. stupid *ass, *asshole, idiot, fool. —ü açık wearing patched and seedy clothes, down-at -the-heels. — altma gitmek to get screwed up for nothing, —ten bacak/bacakli short, short-legged (person), (bir şey yapmaya) — ister. It takes guts (to do s.t.). —üne kma yak! Kick him/her now that he’s/she’s down! (said sarcastically). — ü kırmızı monkey, —üne mi düşmüş? How can he/she have the nerve? — tokuşturmak /la/ to get very chummy (with). — ü trampet çalmak to be delighted. — üstü oturmak to be left speechless in a dispute. — ü varıp gelmek to be petrified with fear. — ü varsa if he/she has the nerve, —ünü yalamak /m/ to brownnose, butter up. götlek vulg. queen, passive male homosexual, götsüz vulg. gutless, lacking courage, götün götün (./ ..) vulg. backwards, rearward, götürgen physiol, efferent, götürmek 1. /i, dan, a/ to take (s.t.) from (a place/s .o.) to (a place/s .o.). 2. /i, dan, a/ to carry/convey/transport (s.t.) from (one place) to (another). 3. /i, a/ to take (s.o.) to (a place). 4. /i, a/ to accompany (s.o.) to (a place). 5. Ill to take away, remove, carry away, carry off. 6. hi to take away, destroy, ruin. 7. hi to cause the death of, kill off.
   8.     hi to tolerate, stand for, bear, put up with. 9. hi to be able to take up/in. 10. /a/ to lead to (a result/an end). 11. hi (for the police) to take off, carry off, lead off, conduct (s.o.). 12. hi to take away, take out. götürtmek /ı, dan, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) take (s.t./s.o.) from (one place) to (another). 2. to have (s.o.) carry/convey/transport (s.t.) from (one place) to (another), götürü 1. as a (job) lot. 2. by the piece, by the job. — almak hi to buy as a job lot; to contract at a lump price. — çalışmak to do piecework; to work by the job. — eder/fiyat contract price; flat rate; job-lot price, lump price. — iş job work, piecework. — pazarlık contracting by the job; contracting for the whole lot. — ücret lot wages, job wages.
   —   vergi lump-sum taxation.
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götürülmek 1. /dan, a/ to be taken from (one place) to (another). 2. /dan, a/ to be carried/ conveyed/transported from (one place) to (another). 3. to be taken away, be removed, be carried away, be carried off. 4. to be taken off, be carried off, be led off, be conducted (by the police), gö türüm endurance, toleration, forbearance, götürümlü enduring, tolerating, forbearing, götürümsüz unenduring, untolerating, unfor-bearing.
gövde 1. body, the main part of anything. 2. body, trunk, torso, bulk (of a person). 3. body, trunk (of animals/trees). 4. dressed carcass (of an animal). 5. gram, theme, stem.
   6.    fuselage (of an airplane), —ye atmak hi colloq. gövdeye indirmek. — gösterisi public demonstration, mass meeting (to show strength). — heykeli sculpture torso, —ye indirmek hi colloq. to gulp down, gobble down (food), gövdebilim (./..) anatomy, gövdebilimci (./...) anatomist, gövdebilimsel (./...) anatomical, gövdelenmek 1. (for a tree) to develop a trunk.
   2. to fill out, become bulky, become corpulent.
gövdeli bulky, corpulent, gövdesel corporal, corporeal, bodily, somatic, gövek prov. green shell (of a walnut), gövem prov. 1. a horsefly. 2. purplish red. 3. green.
gövemeriği, -ni (./...) bot. buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica. göveri prov. green vegetables, greens, gövermek prov. 1. (for vegetation) to become green, turn green. 2. to turn blue, göverti prov. 1. green vegetables, greens. 2.
   black-and-blue bruise, göydergi boil, furuncle; abscess, pustule, göymek hi prov. to burn; to singe; to scorch, göynük prov. 1. burned, burnt. 2. sunburned, tanned, brown. 3. overripe (fruit). 4. grieved, sorrowful, mournful, göynümek prov. 1. to be burned; to be singed; to be scorched. 2. (for fruit) to ripen, become ripe. 3. to be grieved, feel sad. göyük prov. 1. burned; singed; scorched. 2. fever.
göyünmek prov., see göynümek. göz 1. eye. 2. sight, vision. 3. eye, manner/way of looking at a thing; estimation; opinion. 4. fountainhead, source (of a stream/a river); spring. 5. eye (of a needle). 6. division, section, compartment; pigeonhole; cubbyhole. 7. drawer (in a piece of furniture). 8. pan (of a balance). 9. colloq. evil eye. 10. colloq. bad luck inflicted by an evil eye. 11. colloq. esteem, favor, friendly regard. 12. bot. rudimentary bud. 13. eye (on a potato). 14. eye, the depression at the calyx end of some fruits. 15. section, division, square (on a game board). 16. central core (of a boil). 17.
                                                                                                           göz
eye (of cheese); hole (in bread). 18. colloq. desire, interest, —ünde Iml in the eyes of.
—ü aç colloq. greedy, avaricious, insatiable.
—  açamamak colloq. to have no rest/respite.
—ü açık colloq. clever, sharp, wide-awake, shrewd. — ü açık gitmek colloq. to die without having fulfilled one’s desire. — ü açılmak colloq. to become shrewd. — açıp kapayıncaya kadar (— açıp kapamadan) colloq. in the twinkling of an eye, in an instant. —lerini açmak to wake up. —ünü açmak colloq. 1. to keep one’s eyes open, watch out, be wary, be on guard. 2. Iml to enlighten (s.o.), open (s.o.’s) eyes. 3. to be enlightened. 4. Iml to take (a virgin) to bed.
5. /da/ to have intercourse for the first time (with). — açtırmamak /a/ colloq. to give no respite to, give (s.o.) no chance to do something else, —ünü ağartmak colloq. to open one’s eyes wide (in astonishment/ anger). — ağrısı 1. eyestrain. 2. colloq. one’s old or first love/sweetheart. — ahbaplığı colloq., see göz aşinalığı. —ü akmak colloq. to be blinded (by accident). — e ak düşmek colloq. to get a cataract in one’s eye. — alabildiğine (—ün alabildiği kadar) colloq. as far as the eye can see. — aid anımı/aldanması optical illusion. — alıcı colloq., see gözalıcı. — almak colloq. to dazzle. — e almak l\l colloq. to risk, accept the risk of, take/run the chance of. — ardı etmek hi colloq. to undervalue, pay insufficient attention to. — ü arkada kalmak colloq. to leave with something left undone or with a desire left unsatisfied. — aşinalığı colloq. slight acquaintanceship. — atmak /a/ to take a glance at, run an eye over, —ün/—ünüz aydm! I’m happy for you’./Congratulations! (said to one whose long-awaited wish has come true). — aydına gitmek /a/ colloq. to visit (s.o.) to congratulate him/her. —ünü ayırmamak /dan/ colloq. not to take one’s eyes off of.
—  aynası ophthalmoscope, —lerini bağışlamak to donate one’s eyes on death, —ünü bağlamak /m/ colloq. 1. to blindfold. 2. to hoodwink. — ü bağlı 1. blindfolded. 2. blindly, blindfoldedly. 3. bewitched, —üne bakmak Iml colloq., see gözünün içine bakmak. (...) —üyle bakmak /a/ colloq. to look at (s.o./s.t.) from the point of view of. — bankası eye bank. — banyosu 1. eyewash. 2. colloq. girl-watching. — e batmak colloq.
1. to stick out, hit one in the eye. 2. to attract attention, —leri bayılmak colloq. for one’s eyes to have a sleepy/desirous look, —lerini belertmek colloq. to open one’s eyes wide (in astonishment/anger). — boncuğu blue bead (worn to avert the evil eye). — boyamak colloq. to mislead, delude, deceive, hoodwink, pull the wool over someone’s eyes, —leri buğulanmak colloq. for one’s eyes to fill with tears. — ü bulanmak for one’s eyes to become clouded over, —leri
bulutlanmak colloq., see gözleri buğulanmak. —ü büyükte olmak colloq. to be full of ambition, —leri büyümek to open one’s eyes wide (in surprise, with terror), —ünde büyümek /m/ colloq. to assume great proportions to (s.o.). —ünde büyütmek hi colloq. to blow up (s.t./s.o.) out of proportion, —leri çakmak çakmak olmak colloq. for one’s eyes to be bloodshot, —ünün çapağını silmeden colloq. the first thing on awakening, before wiping the sleep from one’s eyes. — e çarpmak colloq. to strike/catch one’s eyes; to be conspicuous, —leri çekik having slanting eyes, slant-eyed, —den çıkarmak III colloq. to be prepared to pay; to be willing to give up or sacrifice (s.t.). — Ü-nü çıkarmak /in/ colloq. to do the worst possible job of (s.t.), ruin, spoil. — üm çıksın colloq. Strike me blind if .... —ünü çöpten esirgememek/sakmmamak colloq., see gözünü daldan budaktan esirgememek/sakmmamak. — çukuru anat., see gözyuvası. —leri çukura gitmek/kaçmak colloq. to become hollow-eyed, —ünü daldan budaktan esirgememek/sakmmamak colloq. to disregard dangers. —ü dalmak colloq. to gaze vacantly, stare into space. — damlası med. eye drops. — değmek /a/ colloq. to be struck by the evil eye. — deliği 1. eyehole, peephole. 2. lookout slit (in a defensive wall). 3. eye slit (in the visor of a helmet). — devindiren sinir anat. oculomotor nerve, —lerini devirmek /a/ colloq. to look daggers at, glare at. —ü dışarıda colloq. 1. (husband) having eyes for other women. 2. on the lookout for new work, —leri dışarı fırlamak/uğramak colloq. to be frightened to death;' for one’s eyes to bulge out/bug out. — e diken olmak colloq. to provoke jealousy. — dikmek /a/ colloq. to set one’s eye on, covet, long to possess, —lerini/—ünü dikmek /a/ colloq. to fix one’s eyes on, stare at. —üne dizine dursun! May my good deed choke him/her/ you! (referring to an ingrate). — doktoru oculist, ophthalmologist. — doldurmak colloq. 1. to make a good impression. 2. to prove to be more competent than expected, —leri dolmak (—leri dolu dolu olmak) colloq. for one’s eyes to fill with tears. —ü doymak colloq. to become satisfied. — doyurmak colloq., see göz doldurmak, —ünü doyurmak Iml colloq. to cloy, glut, satiate, surfeit (s.o.). — ü dönesi! colloq. May he/she drop dead! —leri dönmek colloq. 1. for one’s eyes to roll back into one’s head (from high fever or before death). 2. to be blind with rage, be beside o.s. with rage. — ü dönmek colloq. 1. /dan/ to be blind with a craving for. 2. to be blind with rage, be beside
o.s. with rage, —ünü dört açmak colloq. to be all eyes, keep one’s eyes open. —Ü/—leri dumanlanmak (—ünü duman bürümek) colloq. for one’s eyes to be^ clouded with
                                                                                                     göz
rage, be blind with rage, —den düşmek colloq. to fall into disfavor, fall out of favor, be disgraced. — etmek /a/ colloq. to wink at.
—   evi anat., see gözevi. —leri evinden fir-lamak/oynamak/uğramak colloq., see gözleri yuvalarından fırlamak/oynamak/uğra-mak. —ü/—leri fal taşı gibi açılmak colloq. for one’s eyes to pop out (in amazement/ astonishment/rage), —leri fıldır fıldır etmek/oynamak colloq. for one’s eyes to roll around taking in everything, —leri fincan gibi olmak colloq. for one’s eyes to get as big as saucers, —den geçirmek hi 1. to go over quickly, read over quickly, glance over. 2. to inspect, examine, scrutinize, go over, check over, check out. 3. to revise, edit. — e gelmek colloq. to be struck by the evil eye.
—   gezdirmek /a/ to run an eye over, cast an eye over. — ü gibi sakmmak/saklamak/ esirgemek 111 colloq. to hover over, be over-protective of, be overanxious about (s.t.).
—ü gibi sevmek hi colloq. to regard (s.o.) as the apple of one’s eye. — el—üne girmek Iml colloq. to win (s.o.’s) love/interest; to ingratiate o.s. with (s.o.), curry favor with.
—ü gitmek /a/ colloq. to see by chance; to catch sight of. — ü gönlü açılmak colloq. to become cheerful, cheer up. — gördüğünü ister, proverb (The eye wants what it sees.) One desires what one sees constantly. — göre göre (— göre) colloq. blatantly, openly, publicly. — üyle görmek hi to be an eyewitness (to). — ü görmemek 1. to be blind. 2. hi colloq. to ignore (s.t.) (because of concentrating on s.t. else). — üm görmesin! colloq. hi I don’t want to lay eyes on him/her/ you/it again. — görmeyince gönül katlanır. proverb If your loved ones don’t live near you, their problems are not so much with you. —ü görmez olmak hi colloq. to cease to value (s.o./s.t.). — e görünmek 1. to be visible. 2. colloq. (for s.t. unreal) to seem real. —e görünmemek 1. not to be in sight.
2. to be invisible. — görür, gönül ister/çeker. proverb The heart wants what the eye sees. — göz 1. full of holes, all holes. 2. as separate rooms/sections. — e göz, dişe diş. colloq. An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.
—   göze gelmek /la/ colloq. for one’s eyes to meet another’s eyes; to come eyeball to eyeball, —ünü gözüne dikmek /in/ colloq. to stare into (another’s) eyes. — gözü görmemek colloq. not to be able to see one’s hand in front of one’s face (due to fog, smoke, dust, etc.). — göz olmak to be full of holes, be all holes. — hakkı colloq. a small share of food given to satisfy an onlooker. — hapsi law surveillance; open arrest, house arrest. — hapsine almak hi 1. to keep (s.o.) under surveillance. 2. to fix one’s eyes on, watch (s.o.) closely. — hekimi see göz doktoru. — ü hiç bir şey görmemek colloq. to be so excited by something that
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one can think of nothing else, —üne hiç bir şey görünmemek colloq. to be overwhelmed by one’s troubles, —den ırak olmak to be far away, —den ırak olan gönülden de ırak olur, proverb Out of sight, out of mind. — ü ısırmak hi colloq. to feel that one has met (s.o.). —ünün içine baka baka colloq. coolly and boldly, —ünün içine bakmak Iml colloq. 1. to cherish (s.o.) dearly. 2. to be at the beck and call of, be at the disposal of. 3. to look entreatingly at. — lerinin içi gülmek colloq. to have one’s eyes shine with joy. —lerinin içine kadar kızarmak colloq. to blush to the roots of one’s hair. — ü ilişmek /a/ colloq. to notice, become aware of. —üne ilişmek Iml colloq. to come across (s.t.). — iltihabı path, inflammation of the eye, ophthalmia. — lerine inanamamak colloq. not to believe one’s eyes, —lerini kaçırmak colloq. not to be able to look someone in the eye. —ünden kaçırmamak hi not to miss (seeing/noticing), —den kaçmak to be overlooked, not to be noticed, escape one’s eye. — kadehi eyecup. — ü kalmak /da/ colloq. 1. to have a hankering for, hanker for/after (s.t. one can’t get). 2. to envy, covet (s.t. in another’s possession). — kamaştırıcı dazzling, brilliant. — kamaştırmak 1. to dazzle. 2. colloq. to fascinate. — ünü kan bürümek colloq. to see red. —leri kan çanağına dönmek (—leri kanlanmak) for one’s eyes to become bloodshot. —ü kapalı colloq. 1. perfunctorily, automatically; without hesitation, blindly. 2. uninformed, unaware, ignorant, —lerini kapamak 1. to close one’s eyes. 2. colloq. to die. —ünü kapamak colloq. 1. to die. 2. /a/ to pretend not to see. —leri kapanmak colloq. 1. to die. 2. not to be able to keep one’s eyes open, be very sleepy. — ü kapıda colloq. 1. looking for an opportunity to leave. 2. anxiously expecting someone’s arrival, with one’s eyes glued on the door. — ü kara colloq. fearless, intrepid. — kararı roughly speaking, by rule of thumb, by just looking at it. —ü kararmak colloq. 1. to feel near fainting. 2. to lose self-control, lose one’s temper, —üne karasu inmek 1. to get glaucoma. 2. colloq. to lose patience (looking for the arrival of s.o ./s.t.). —den kaybetmek hi to lose sight of. —den kaybolmak to be lost to sight; to disappear. — ü kaymak 1. /a/ colloq. to be unable to avoid looking at (s.o./s.t.). 2. to be slightly cross-eyed. — kesilmek colloq. to be all eyes. — ü keskin sharp-eyed, sharp -sighted. —ü kesmek III colloq. 1. to feel
0.s. capable of, be up to. 2. to take a liking/ a fancy to, like, —üne kestirmek hi colloq.
1.   to have one’s eye on (s.t.) as a desirable possession. 2. to feel o.s. capable of. — keşfi mil. reconnaissance, —ünü kırpmadan colloq. without batting an eye; without hesitation. — kırpmak 1. to wink; to blink, blink
one’s eyes. 2. /a/ to wink at. — kırpmamak not to sleep a wink. — ü kızarmak for one’s eye to get red. —ü kızmak colloq. to breathe fire and fury, see red. — kliniği eye clinic. —ü korkmak /dan/ colloq. to be afraid of undertaking (s.t.) (because of a bad experience). —ünü korkutmak Iml colloq. to daunt, intimidate. — koymak /a/ colloq. to set one’s heart on having (s.t./s.o.). — ü kör olası/olasıca colloq. damned, darned. — ü kör olsun! Iml colloq. Damn him/her/it!
—üm kör olsun colloq. Strike me blind if .... — kulak olmak colloq. 1. /a/ to keep a protective eye on. 2. to be on the alert for information. — kuyruğu the corner of the eye. —ünün kuyruğuyla bakmak /a/ colloq., see göz/gözünün ucuyla bakmak, —leri kuyuda colloq. having deep-set eyes.
—   merceği anat. crystalline lens. —lerine mil çekmek Iml to blind (s.o.) with a red -hot iron. — nuru 1. colloq. eye-straining effort. 2. sight, visual faculty, strength of vision. — ümün nuru! colloq. Light of my life!/Darling!/My beloved! — nuru dökmek colloq. to strain one’s eyes (in fine work).
—ü olmak /da/ colloq. to have one’s eye on (s.t.). —ünde olmamak colloq. to have no interest in (s.t.) (because of trouble/distress). —ünü oymak /in/ colloq. to do the utmost harm to (s.o.). — oynatıcı sinir anat. oculomotor nerve. — önü area within one’s sight. — önünde in front of one’s eyes; within sight. — önünde bulundurmak hi see göz önünde tutmak, —ünün önünden geçmek to pass by one’s eyes, flood to one’s memory, —ünün önüne gelmek to see (s.o./ s.t.) in one’s mind; to come to mind, —ünün önüne getirmek III to imagine readily, envisage. —ünün önünden gitmemek to continue to haunt one’s mind, linger in one’s memory.
—   önünde tutmak hi to keep in mind, bear in mind, remember, consider. — lerinden öpmek Iml to kiss the eyes of (written in a letter about/to a younger person). — leri-nizden öperim. Warm regards (concluding greeting in a letter to one’s junior), —leri parlamak colloq. for one’s eyes to shine with joy and excitement. —ü pek colloq. bold, brave, courageous, daredevil. — pekliği colloq. boldness, courage, daring. — perdesi path, cataract, —üne perde inmek for a cataract to develop in one’s eye. — ü seğirmek for one’s eyelids to twitch. — sevdası colloq. love expressed by the eyes alone, —ünü sevdiğim colloq. my dear, —ünü seveyim .... colloq. Be so good (as to) .../Have the kindness (to) .../Please ...! — ü sidikli colloq., see gözü sulu. — siperi eyeshade, visor, —üne sokmak h, ml colloq. to thrust (s.t.) under (s.o.’s) eyes (by way of reproof/accusation).
—ü sönmek 1. to be blinded (by accident).
2. colloq. to die. —leri sulanmak for one’s eyes to water, for one’s eyes to become wa-
tery. —ü sulu colloq. crybaby, —den sürmeyi çekmek/çalmak colloq. to be a very clever thief. — süzmek /a/ colloq. to cast amorous glances (at), —leri süzülmek colloq. for one’s eyes to be half closed (from sleep or for amorous effect). — ü takılmak /a/ colloq. for one’s eye to be caught by. —ü tanede olan kuşun ayağı tuzaktan kurtulmaz. proverb (A bird that looks only at the grain can’t escape the trap.) A greedy person is easy to cheat. — terazi, el mizan. proverb Sometimes a rough estimate is sufficient. — titremesi path, nystagmus. — ü tok colloq. contented, not covetous. — ü toprağa bakmak colloq. to have one foot in the grave, —ünü toprak doyursun, colloq. His/Her greed will never be satisfied. — ü tutmak hi colloq. to consider (s.o./s.t.) fit, deem (s.o./s.t.) proper, —ünde tütmek colloq. to have an intense longing for (s.o./s.t.), have an ardent desire for (s.t.). —/—ünün ucuyla bakmak /a/ to look out of the corner of one’s eye (at), —ünden uyku akmak colloq. to be very sleepy, —lerine uyku girmemek (—lerini uyku tutmamak) colloq. not to be able to fall asleep, —den uzaklaşmak to be lost from view, be lost from sight.
—ü üstünde kalmak /in/ colloq. to hanker for/after (s.t. one can’t get), —ünün üstünde kaşı var dememek /a/ colloq. to tolerate everything (one) does. — ü üzerinde olmak Iml colloq. to watch (over), protect, —leri velfecri okumak colloq. for one’s eyes to twinkle with cleverness; to have wily eyes, —üne yandığım slang 1. cursed, damned.
2. darling, precious. — yangısı path., see göz iltihabı, —e yasak olmaz .proverb You can’t keep a person from looking, —leri yaşarmak 1. for one’s eyes to fill with tears. 2. colloq. for one’s eyes to be filled with emotion. — yaşartıcı 1. (s.t.) producing tears, making the eyes water. 2. colloq. tearful, causing tears. — yaşartıcı bomba tear bomb.
—  yaşartıcı gaz tear gas. — yaşı see gözyaşı. —ünün yaşma bakmamak Iml colloq. to have no pity on. — yaylası field of vision.
—le yemek hi colloq. 1. to fix one’s eyes on, stare obsessively at. 2. to cast the/an evil eye on (s.o.). — ü yememek hi colloq. to feel o.s. incapable of (doing s.t.), not to be up to. —leri yerinden fırlamak/oynamak/ uğramak colloq., see gözleri yuvalarından fırlamak/oynamak/uğramak. —ünü yıldırmak Iml colloq. to daunt, intimidate. — yılgınlığı colloq. intimidation, fear. —ü yılmak /dan/ colloq. to be completely daunted by, be intimidated by (s.t.). — ü yolda colloq. waiting for someone to come, —leri yollar-da/yolda kalmak colloq. to wait a long time for someone. — yummak /a/ colloq. to condone, overlook; to take no notice of, wink at, shut one’s eyes to. —ünü yummak colloq. 1. to die. 2. /a/ to take no notice of,
                                                                                               gözenek
   wink at, shut one’s eyes to. — yummamak colloq. 1. /a/ to take notice of, not to wink at, not to shut one’s eyes to. 2. not to sleep a wink. — yumup açıncaya kadar colloq., see göz açıp kapayıncaya kadar. — yuvarı anat., see gözyuvarı. — yuvası anat., see gözyuvası. —leri yuvalarından fırlamak/ oynamak/uğramak colloq. for one’s eyes to bulge out/bug out (in rage/fear/panic). —ü yüksekte/yükseklerde olmak colloq. to have one’s eyes on a high position; to have high ambitions.
gözakı, -m (/..) anat. the white of the eye. gözalıcı (/...) colloq. eye-catching, gözaltı, -m (/..) 1. house arrest. 2. arrest. 3. surveillance, police custody. — na almak (— etmek) hi 1. to put (s.o.) under house arrest. 2. to put (s.o.) under surveillance, gözaşısı, -m (/...) hort. bud graft, gözbağcı (/..) sleight-of-hand performer, magician, conjurer, illusionist, gözbağcılık (/...) 1. performing tricks by sleight of hand. 2. hoodwinking by manipulation, gözbağı, -m (/..) 1. sleight of hand, magician’s trick, legerdemain. 2. something that deceives one’s mind and feelings, gözbebeği, -ni (/...) 1. anat. pupil (of the eye).
   2.    colloq. apple of the eye, darling. — denk-sizliği anisocoria. — gibi sevmek hi to regard (s.o.) as the apple of one’s eye. gözbilim (/..) ophthalmology, gözcü 1. watchman, watchkeeper, watch, lookout; mil. observer; sentinel, sentry. 2. colloq. eye doctor, oculist, ophthalmologist. — uçağı mil. reconnaissance plane. — yeri mil. observation post, gözcük alveolus.
gözcülük 1. keeping watch, watchkeeping; mil. observation, observing; sentinel’s duties. 2. colloq. doctoring eyes, being an eye doctor, gözdağı, -m (/..) threat, menace, intimidation, daunting. — vermek /a/ to threaten, menace, intimidate, daunt, gözde 1. favorite, favored, in favor. 2. favored one, favorite (woman), gözdemiri, -ni (/...) naut. bower anchor, bower, gözdikeği, -ni (/...) colloq. something one has set his/her eye on. gözdişi, -ni (/..) eyetooth, canine tooth, göze 1. biol. cell. 2. spring, fountainhead. — kalıtımbilim cytogenetics. — oluşumu cyto-genesis. — yutumu phagocytosis, gözebilim (./..) cytology, gözebilimsel (./...) cytological, cytologic, gözelerarası (../...) intercellular, gözeme prov. 1. darning. 2. double-looped embroidery.
                                                          gözemek III prov. 1. to darn, mend (a hole) by weaving. 2. to embroider with double-looped silk thread, gözene prov. beekeeper’s mask, gözenek 1. biol. stoma, pore. 2. astr. granulation. 3. prov. window. 4. prov. hemstitch. 5.
gözenekli
342
gözpencere
   prov. openwork, gözenekli pierced with holes, meshed; porous, stomatal.
gözenmek prov. 1. (for a hole) to be darned, be mended by weaving. 2. to be embroidered with double-looped silk thread, gözer prov. coarsely meshed sieve; riddle, screen.
                                                             gözerimi, -ni (/...) 1. horizon. 2. range of sight, gözerlemek hi prov. to sift; to riddle, screen, gözesel biol. cellular. — doku cellular tissue, gözetici guard, guardian, protector, gözetilmek 1. to be looked after, be taken care of; to be guarded, be protected. 2. to be kept in mind, be borne in mind, be considered, be taken into consideration. 3. (for a law/a rule/a regulation) to be observed, be regarded. 4. to be watched for. gözetim 1. supervision, superintendency, oversight. 2. watch, care, surveillance; protection.
   3. house arrest. 4. surveillance, police custody, detention. — e almak hi 1. to put (s.o.) under house arrest. 2. to put (s.o.) under surveillance, put (s.o.) under detention.
gözetimevi, -ni (../..) lockup, police station (where newly arrested suspects are placed temporarily); detention center, gözetleme hi 1. watching (s.o./s.t.) secretly, peeping at. 2. spying on. — kulesi watch-tower.
gözetlemek hi 1. to watch (s.o./s.t.) secretly, peep at. 2. to spy on. gözetlenme 1. being watched secretly, being peeped at. 2. being spied on. gözetlenmek 1. to be watched secretly, be peeped at. 2. to be spied on. gözetletmek /i, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) watch (s.o./ s.t.) secretly, have (s.o.) peep at. 2. to have (s.o.) spy on. gözetleyici mil. observer, gözetme hi 1. looking after, taking care of; guarding, protecting. 2. keeping in mind, bearing in mind, considering, taking into consideration. 3. observing, regarding (a law/a rule/a regulation). 4. watching for, looking out for, being on the lookout for, being on the alert for. gözetmek hi 1. to look after, take care of; to guard, protect. 2. to keep in mind, bear in mind, consider, take into consideration. 3. to observe, regard (a law/a rule/a regulation).
   4. to watch for, look out for, be on the lookout for, be on the alert for.
gözetmen 1. supervisor (in a school). 2. cin. supervisor.
gözettirmek /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) look after, have (s.o.) take care of; to have (s.o.) guard/ protect.
gözevi, -ni (/..) anat., see gözyuvası. gözeyutarlığı, -m (./....) phagocytosis, gözgü mirror, looking glass, gözkapağı, -ni (/...) anat. eyelid. — iltihabı/ yangısı path, blepharitis. — yokluğu
   ablepharia.
gözlegörü (/...) autopsy, postmortem examination, necropsy, gözleği, -ni prov. 1. lookout, observation place.
   2.     (hunter’s) blind, gözlem observation, gözlemci observer.
                                                              gözlemcilik work of an observer, observation, gözleme hi 1. waiting for, watching out for. 2. watching, observing, observation. 3. keeping an eye on, keeping a close watch on.
    4. watching (s.o./s.t.) secretly, peeping at.
    5. spying on.
2gözleme 1. a kind of thin börek cooked on a sheet. 2. a deep-fried pancake soaked in syrup or sprinkled with sugar, gözlemek hi 1. to wait for, watch out for. 2. to watch, observe. 3. to keep an eye on, keep a close watch on. 4. to watch (s.o./s.t.) secretly, peep at. 5. to spy on. gözlemevi, -ni (./..) observatory, gözlemleme III watching, watch, observing, observation, gözlemlemek III to watch, observe, gözlenmek 1. to be waited for, be watched out for. 2. to be watched, be observed. 3. to be watched secretly, be peeped at. 4. to be spied on.
gözletmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) wait for, have (s.o.) watch out for. 2. to have (s.o.) watch/ observe. 3. to have (s.o.) keep an eye on, have (s.o.) keep a close watch on. 4. to have (s.o.) watch (s.o./s.t.) secretly, have (s.o.) peep at. 5. to have (s.o.) spy on. gözleyici observer.
gözlü 1. -eyed, having (a certain kind of) eyes.
    2.    (a piece of furniture) having (a certain kind/number of) drawers. 3. having (a certain number of) divisions/compartments/ pigeonholes. 4. -holed, having (a certain kind of) holes. 5. meshed, having (a certain kind of) meshes. — çıban path, boil with a head, —ye gizli yoktur, proverb Nothing can be hidden from one who has eyes to see. gözlük 1. glasses, spectacles, eyeglasses; goggles. 2. blinders, blinkers (for a horse). 3. beekeeper’s mask. — camı spectacle lens.
    —  çerçevesi frames for glasses. — kılıfı glasses case. — takmak 1. to wear glasses.
    2. colloq. to take a better look, get some glasses.
gözlükçü 1. optician. 2. optician’s shop, gözlükçülük the work of an optician, gözlüklü 1. wearing glasses. 2. hooded, spectacled (bird, snake, etc.). gözlüklüçalıbülbülü, -nü (../.....) zool. spectacled warbler, Sylvia conspicillata. gözlüklüyılan (../..) zool. hooded snake, cobra, Naja naja.
gözotu, -nu (/..) bot. eyebright, euphrasy, Euphrasia officinalis. gözörtüsü, -nü (/...) anat. conjunctiva, gözpencere (/...) arch, oeil-de-boeuf, oxeye, a
 gözpınarı                                       343
   circular/an oval window, gözpınarı, -m (/...) inner corner of the eye. gözsel ocular.
gözsüz 1. without drawers/divisions/compartments/pigeonholes. 2. blind. 3. without eyes, eyeless.
göztaşı, -m (/..) blue vitriol, blue copperas, blue stone, copper sulfate, cupric sulfate, gözükmek 1. to appear, come into sight, show
   o.s. 2. to be visible, be seen. 3. to seem to be, appear to be. 4. to appear as, look like, give the impression of, create an impression of.
gözyaşı, -m (/..) tear. — bezi anat. lacrimal gland. — dökmek to shed tears. — etçiği anat. lacrimal caruncle. — kesesi anat. lacrimal sac. — memesi anat., see gözyaşı etçiği. — testisi tear bottle, lacrimatory, lachrymatory. — yolu anat. lacrimal duct, tear duct.
gözyuvarı, -m (/...) anat. eyeball, gözyuvası, -m (/...) anat. orbit, eye socket, gr. (abbr. for gram) g. (gram), grado (/.) 1. proof, percentage of alcohol in a liquid. 2. the proper degree; grade, degree, graffito (./.) graffito.
grafik 1. graph, diagram. 2. graphic. — sanatlar graphic arts, graphics, grafit, -ti graphite, black lead, plumbago, grafiti (./.) graffiti, grafolog graphologist, grafoloji graphology.
grafometre (../.) graphometer, a semicircle used for measuring angles in surveying, gram gram, Brit, gramme, gramağırlık (/...) phys. gram-force. gramaj weight in grams, gramer grammar. — yönünden (—e göre) grammatically, gramerci grammarian.
gramkuvvet, -ti (/..) phys., see gramağırlık. gramofon phonograph.
gramsantimetre (/....) phys. gram-centimeter. grandi (/.) naut. mainmast, grandük, -kü (/.) grand duke, grandüklük (/..) grand duchy, grandüşes (/..) grand duchess, granit, -ti granite. — gibi colloq. granitic, granitelike, hard, firm, unyielding, granitleşme becoming granite, turning into granite, granitization. granitleşmek 1. to become granite, turn into granite. 2. colloq. to become granitelike, granül granule, granülasyon granulation, granülit, -ti granulite. granülom path, granuloma, granüloz path, granulosis rubra nasi, gravür gravüre, engraving, gravürcü gravüre artist, engraver., gravyer Gruyere cheese, Gruyere. — peyniri see gravyer.
Gregory en 1. (a) Gregorian, member of the Ar-
                                                                                            Grönlandlı
   menian Orthodox Church. 2. Gregorian, of the Armenian Orthodox Church. 3. Gregorian, pertaining to Pope Gregory I, Pope Gregory XIII, or St. Gregory the Illuminator.
   —   kilisesi the Gregorian church, the Armenian Orthodox Church. — takvimi the Gregorian calendar.
Grek 1. (a) Greek (of ancient Greece). 2. pertaining to the ancient Greek language or people, Greek.
Grekçe (/.) 1. (ancient) Greek (the language of ancient Greece). 2. (speaking/writing) in (ancient) Greek. 3. (ancient) Greek (word/ words); spoken in (ancient) Greek; written in (ancient) Greek, grekoromen Greco-Roman wrestling, grena geol. garnet.
Grenada (./.) 1. Grenada, the State of Grenada. 2. Grenadian, of Grenada.
Grenadali (./..) 1. (a) Grenadian. 2. Grenadian (person), grenadin text, grenadine, gres grease, lubricating grease, gresör lubricator, grease gun. gresyağı, -m (/..) grease, lubricating grease, grev strike (of workers). — i bozmak to break the strike. — e gitmek to go on strike. — gözcüsü (strike) picket. — kırıcı strikebreaker. — kırıcılığı strikebreaking. — yapmak (for workers) to strike, grevci striker, worker on strike, greyder grader, road grader, road scraper, greyfrut, -tu (/.) see greyfurt, greyfurt, -tu (/.) 1. grapefruit. 2. bot. grapefruit, Citrus paradisi. greypfrut, -tu•(/.) see greyfurt, greypfurt, -tu (/.) see greyfurt, gri gray, grey.
grifon 1. griffon (dog). 2. mythology griffin, gryphon.
grip path, flu, influenza, grippe. — olmak to get the flu; to have the flu. gripal influenzal, grippal, grizu (/.) firedamp. — patlaması firedamp explosion, grizumetre (../.) see grizuölçer. grizuölçer (/...) firedamp gauge, grogren tailor, grosgrain. gros gross, overall, total (weight), grosa (/.) gross, twelve dozen, groston naut. gross ton, gross register ton. grostonluk naut. of (a certain number of) gross tons.
grotesk, -ki grotesque.
Grönland (/.) 1. Greenland. 2. of Greenland, Greenland, Greenlandic.
Grönlandca (./.) 1. Greenlandic, the Greenlandic language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Greenlandic, Greenlandic. 3. Greenlandic (speech/writing); spoken in Greenlandic; written in Greenlandic.
Grönlandlı (/..) 1. Greenlander. 2. Greenlandic (person).
grup
 344
gübreböceği
grup 1. group. 2. mil. group. — grup in groups.
   —      olmak to form a group, gruplandırmak Iı/ 1. to group, separate (people/ things) into groups. 2. to group, gather (people/things) into a group; to assemble (people/things) into groups, gruplanmak 1. to form a group. 2. to be grouped.
gruplaşmak 1. to separate into groups. 2. to gather into groups, group together. Guadalup 1. Guadeloupe. 2. Guadeloupe, of Guadeloupe.
Guam (/.) 1. Guam. 2. Guam, of Guam. Guamli (/..) 1. (a) Guamanian. 2. Guamanian (person).
guanako (../.) zool. guanaco, Lama guanicoe. guano (./.) guano, guaş see guvaş.
Guatemala (.../.) 1. Guatemala. 2. Guatemalan, of Guatemala.
GuatemalalI (.../..) 1. (a) Guatemalan. 2. Guatemalan (person), guatr path, goiter, goitre, guatrli goitered, goitred, goitrous, affected with goiter.
gubar slang hash, hashish.
gubat, -ti prov. 1. hulking, big and clumsy. 2.
   coarse, crude (person), gudde anat. gland.
gudubet, -ti (.—.) hideously ugly, having a face that would stop a clock, gufran forgiveness of God, God’s remission of one’s sins.
guguçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. sweet William, bunch pink, Dianthus barbatus. guguk 1. zool. cuckoo, Cuculus canorus. 2. Cuckoo! (call of the cuckoo; teasing derisory cry of children). — gibi kalmak/oturmak colloq. to live alone, be alone. — yapmak /a/ to tease (s.o.) by saying “Cuckoo!”, gugukgiller zool. Cuculidae. gugukkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. cuckoo, Cuculus canorus.
guguklu see guguklu saat. — saat cuckoo clock.
gulaş goulash, gulash, Hungarian goulash, gulden gulden, guilder, florin, gulet, -ti naut. schooner, gulfe obs., anat. prepuce, foreskin, gulu gulu (./ ..) gobble gobble (cry of a turkey), gulyabani (..— .) ogre; ogress, gurami (./.) zool. gourami, Osphronemus go-ramy.
gurbet, -ti 1. foreign place, place far from one’s home/homeland. 2. living far from one’s home/homeland. — çekmek to be homesick (for one’s home/homeland). —e (— ellere) düşmek to wind up in a place far from one’s home/homeland. — eli foreign place, place far from one’s home/homeland, gurbetçi 1. one living in a place far from his/ her home/homeland. 2. guest worker, Gast-arbeiter.
gurbetçilik living far from one’s home/homeland.
                                                          gureba (..—) obs. 1. strangers, people away from home. 2. the poor and destitute. — hastanesi hospital for the poor and destitute, gur gur (/ .) with a grumbling/rumbling sound.
   —   etmek (for one’s stomach) to grumble, rumble.
gurk, -ku prov. 1. broody hen. 2. turkey cock, gobbler. — gurk etmek (for a hen) to cluck.
   —   olmak (for a hen) to be broody, —a yatmak (for a hen) to brood, set.
gurklamak prov. 1. (for a hen) to be broody. 2.
   (for a turkey cock) to fluff out its feathers, gurlamak see guruldamak, guruldamak (for one’s stomach) to grumble, rumble.
gurultu grumbling sound, grumble, rumbling sound, rumble (in the stomach), gurup 1. sunset. 2. setting of a heavenly body.
   —   etmek 1. (for the sun) to set. 2. obs. to vanish.
guruprengi, -ni (./..) sunset red. gurur 1. pride, inordinate pride, excessive self -esteem. 2. vanity, arrogance, conceit, haughtiness. 3. honor, self-esteem. — duymak 1. /dan/ to feel proud of, take pride in. 2. to feel honored. — gelmek /a/ to become conceited, become haughty, —unu kırmak /in/ to hurt (s.o.’s) pride, wound (s.o.’s) honor, —unu okşamak Iml to increase (s.o.’s) pride by flattery. — uyla oynamak /in/ to play with (s.o.’s) pride, gururlanmak 1. to be inordinately proud. 2. /la/ to feel arrogantly proud of, be vain of, be arrogant about, gururlu 1. inordinately proud. 2. vain, arrogant, conceited, haughty, gusletmek (/..) Islam to perform the ritual ablution of the whole body, gusto (/.) taste, individual preference/liking, gusto.
gusül, -slü Islam ritual ablution of the whole body. — aptesi ritual ablution of the whole body. — aptesi almak to perform the ritual ablution of the whole body, gusülhane (..—.) formerly zinc-lined bathing cubicle in a house, guşa obs., path, goiter, goitre, gut, -tu path. gout.
guvaş 1. gouache (watercolor mixed with gum arabic). 2. gouache (a kind of painting), guvernör governor, managing director.
Guy an see Guyana.
Guyana (./.) 1. Guyana, the (Cooperative) Republic of Guyana. 2. Guyanese, of Guyana or its people.
Guyanali (./..) 1. (a) Guyanese. 2. Guyanese (person).
gübre fertilizer, manure, dung, droppings. — şerbeti liquid manure, manure tea. gübreböceği, -ni (./...) zool. dung beetle, dung chafer.
 gübreleme                                         345
gübreleme fertilizing, manuring, gübrelemek hi to fertilize, manure, dung, gübreli fertilized, manured, gübrelik dunghill, dung heap; manure pit. gücem compulsion, coercion, force, constraint.
   —  salmak /a/ to compel, coerce, force, constrain.
gücemlemek hi to compel, coerce, force, constrain.
gücemli compulsory, coercive, forced, constraining.
gücemlilik compulsion, coerciveness, forcedness, constraint, gücemsel compulsory, coercive, forced, constraining. — alım law confiscation, seizure, gücendirici hurtful, offensive, gücendirmek h/ to hurt, offend, gücenik hurt, offended, güceniklik being hurt, being offended, gücenilmek /a/ impersonal passive to be hurt by, be offended by. gücenme being hurt, being offended, gücenmek /a/ to be hurt by, be offended by. gücü reed (of a loom), sley. gücük prov. 1. short, squat; stumpy, stubby. 2. stunted, puny, scrawny. 3. docked, tailless (animal). — ay February, gücümsemek hi to find (s.t.) difficult (to do), gücün (/.) prov. 1. just, barely, just barely, hardly, with the greatest difficulty. 2. by force, forcibly.
*güç 1. power, strength, might; force, vigor; potency. 2. phys. power; energy. 3. phys. force. 4. power (as a state/a nation). 5. strength, potential, resources. — birliği union of forces, cooperation, —ten düşmek colloq. to get weak, become powerless. — ü gücü yetene, colloq. It’s a case of might makes right. — katımı doping. — kaynağı power supply. — reaktörü power reactor.
   —ün sakımı yasası the law of conservation of energy, —ünü yenmek colloq. to suppress one’s anger, be patient under provocation.
   —ü yetmek /a/ 1. to have enough strength/ power (to do s.t.). 2. colloq. to be powerful enough to harm (s.o.). —ü yettiği kadar colloq. as well as one can, with all one’s might.
   —  yitimi asthenia.
2güç 1. difficult, hard. 2. with difficulty. 3. difficulty. — beğenen hard to please, particular, exacting, fussy, fastidious. — gelmek /a/ to seem difficult to (s.o.). —üne gitmek /m/ colloq. (for s.t.) to hurt, offend. — halle (—ü —üne) colloq. just, barely, just barely, hardly, with the greatest difficulty. — işeme path, dysuria. —üne koşmak /ı/ colloq. to do (s.t.) the hard way. — e sarmak colloq. to get hard (to do), become difficult, güçbela (/.—) colloq. with the greatest difficulty.
güçlendirici strengthening, invigorating, güçlendirmek /ı/ 1. to strengthen, make (s.t.) strong. 2. to give support to, undergird.
                                                                                    güdümcülük
güçlenmek to get strong, güçleşmek to get difficult, get hard, güçleştirmek III to make (s.t.) difficult, make (s.t.) hard.
güçlü 1. powerful, strong, mighty, vigorous. 2. influential, powerful, strong; potent. 3. powerful, forceful, effective, forcible. 4. powerful, violent, forceful, vigorous. — kuvvetli colloq. very strong and healthy, güçlük 1. difficulty. 2. hardship. — çekmek to experience difficulty. — çıkarmak /a/ to make difficulties (for). — ü/—leri yenmek to overcome difficulties, güçlükle (./.) 1. with difficulty. 2. through hardship.
güçlülük power, strength, might, vigor, güçölçer (/..) dynamometer, güçsünmek hi prov. to consider (s.t.) too difficult to do, find (s.t.) too hard to do. güçsüz powerless, without strength, weak, feeble. — düşmek colloq. to be sapped of all strength. — kuvvetsiz colloq. feeble and frail.
güçsüzlük powerlessness, lack of strength, weakness, feebleness, güdek intention, aim, object, purpose, güdelemek hi prov. to chase, pursue, güderi 1. chamois (leather). 2. made of chamois, güdü psych, (a) motive, güdücü prov. shepherd, drover, herdsman, herder.
güdük 1. incomplete, short. 2. docked, tailless (animal). 3. docked (tail). 4. short, squat; stumpy, stubby. 5. stunted, puny, scrawny.
   6. narrow, limited, lacking scope, parochial.
   —     aylar the shorter months of the year. — kalmak 1. to be incomplete; to be without result. 2. to be childless. 3. to be stunted, not to reach full growth. — tavuk 1. a hen without tail feathers. 2. colloq. poor insignificant fellow. — torno naut. clump block, güdükleşmek 1. to become docked. 2. to become stunted/puny/scrawny. 3. to get to be narrow, become limited, become lacking in scope, become parochial, güdüleme psych, motivation, motivating, güdülenme psych, motivation, being motivated, güdüleyici incentive.
güdülmek 1. to be herded, be tended, be driven, be shepherded. 2. (for a grudge/an ambition/ an aim) to be cherished, be nourished. 3. to be managed, be administered; to be controlled.
güdüm management, guidance, direction; control.
güdümbilim (./..) cybernetics, güdümbilimci (./...) cyberneticist, cybernetician.
güdümbilimsel (./...) cybernetic, cybernetical. güdümce tactics.
güdümcü advocate of a planned economy, güdümcülük dirigisme, state economic planning.
güdümlü
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güdümlü 1. guided, directed; dirigible. 2. controlled, planned. — balon dirigible, dirigible balloon. — ekonomi (a) planned economy.
    —  faiz oranı banking pegged interest rate.
    —  iktisat see güdümlü ekonomi. — mermi guided missile. — sanat art produced according to certain guidelines.
güdümlülük 1. being guided, being directed; dirigibility. 2. being controlled, being planned.
güdüsel psych, pertaining to a motive, motivational.
güfte lyrics, words of a song, güfteci lyricist, one who writes the words for songs.
güğüm 1. a large copper pitcher with a handle;
    water jug. 2. milk-can. güherçile saltpeter, potassium nitrate, niter, gül 1. rose (i.e. the flower). 2. bot. rose, Rosa.
    3. arch., see gülbezek. 4. rose-shaped, rose, —üm my dear. — ağacı rosewood. — i aşr rosette marking the end of a section of ten verses in a Koran, —üne bak, goncasını al. proverb (Look at the rose and then pick the bud.) Take a look at the mother before marrying the daughter. — bayramı Judaism Shabuoth, Shabuot, Feast of Weeks, Pentecost. — dalma bülbül konmuş. (A nightingale has perched on the rose bush.) A piece of food has stuck to your beard (polite hint made at the table). — dalından odun, beslemeden kadın olmaz, proverb One can’t make firewood out of rose cuttings or a lady out of an adopted servant girl. — dikensiz olmaz, proverb There is no rose without a thorn. — gibi colloq. fine, excellent, perfectly good. — gibi bakmak /a/ colloq. to look after (s.o./s.t.) very well, take care of (s.o./ s.t.) very well. — gibi geçinmek/yaşamak colloq. 1. to get along well together. 2. to be comfortably off. — goncası rosebud. — kokusu 1. rose perfume. 2. scent of roses. — likörü rose-flavored liqueur. — pembe 1. rose pink, rose. 2. rose-pink, rose. — pencere arch., see gülpencere. — reçeli rose jam.
    —  rengi 1. rose, rose pink, rose color. 2. rose, rose-pink, rose-colored. — ü seven dikenine katlanır, proverb A person who loves roses must put up with their thorns. — ü tarife ne hacet, ne çiçektir biliriz, colloq. (There is no need to explain what a rose is; we already know.) You don’t need to tell us; we already know how disagreeable he/she is. — üstüne gül koklamak colloq. to be disloyal to one's sweetheart by loving another person.
gülab (.—) obs. rose water, gülabdan a small flask for sprinkling rose water, gülağacı, -nı (/...) 1. bot. (a) rosewood, Dal-bergia. 2. rosewood, the wood of the rosewood tree, gülbang, -gi see gülbank. gülbank, -ki formerly hymn/prayer chanted in
   unison, gülbeşeker rose jam.
gülbezek arch, rosette, rose-shaped patera, gülbiti, -ni (/..) zool. rose aphid, gülböceği, -ni (/...) zool. rose chafer, Cetonia aurata. gülçe arch., see gülbezek. güldefnesi, -ni (/...) bot. oleander, rosebay, Nerium oleander. güldeste 1. anthology. 2. anthology of poems, güldür güldür (./ ..) 1. (flowing) with a rushing sound. 2. (burning) with a roaring sound.
   3.     (reciting/reading out loud) fluently and stentoriously. güldürmek hi 1. to make (s.o.) laugh. 2. to make (s.o.) happy. 3. to amuse, entertain, güldürmen comedian; comedienne, güldürü 1. theat. comedy; farce. 2. comic, of the nature of comedy, güldürücü 1. comic, funny. 2. comedian; comedienne. — kas anat. risorius. güleç smiling.
gülelması, -m (/...) bot. rose apple, Eugenia jambos. gülencek humorous anecdote, gülenkumru, -yu (./..) zool. collared dove, Streptopelia risoria. gülermartı, -yi (./..) zool. black-headed gull, Lar us ridibundus. gülgiller bot. Rosaceae. gülhatmi (/..) bot. hollyhock, Althaea rosea. gülibrişim (/...) bot. silk tree, mimosa, Brit.
   Persian acacia, Albizzia julibrissin. gülistan rose garden, rosary, gülizar (..—) obs. rosy-cheeked, gülkurusu, -nu (/...) 1. dusty rose (color). 2.
   dusty-rose, güllabi (.—.) see güllabici. güllabici (.—..) 1. formerly attendant in a lunatic asylum. 2. colloq. flatterer, coaxer. güllabicilik (.— ...) I. formerly job of an attendant in a lunatic asylum. 2. colloq. fulsome flattery, coaxing. — etmek colloq. to indulge a spoiled person, pander to the whims of a spoiled person, güllaç 1. a very thin, dry sheet of dough made of starch. 2. a sweet made from sheets of güllaç soaked in milky syrup, filled with nuts and flavored with rose water. 3. pharm. capsule.
                                                             gülle 1. cannonball; shell. 2. sports shot. 3. sports dumbbell, barbell, weight. — atmak
   1.     /a/ to shell, bombard. 2. sports to put the shot. — gibi colloq. very heavy. — kaldırmak sports to lift weights, gülleci 1. cannonball maker. 2. sports shot -putter. 3. sports weight lifter, güllü 1. (food) made with rose petals. 2. with rose motifs.
güllük rose garden, rose bed, rosary; place full of roses. — gülistanlık colloq. (place) in a state of peace and concord, gülme laughing, laughter. — almak h! colloq.
gülmece
                                                       to have a fit of laughter, gülmece 1. humor, comic/amusing quality, the comic. 2. comical writing, humor; humorous story, novel, play, etc. gülmek 1. to laugh. 2. to be happy, experience happiness. 3. to have a good time, have fun.
   4. /a/ to laugh at, make fun of. 5. /a/ to smile on. Gülerim! (Güleyim bari!) Oh really?/ How interesting! (sarcastic way of showing disbelief), gülmekten bayılmak colloq. to faint with laughter, gülmekten çatlamak colloq. to split one’s sides laughing, gülüp geçmek /a/ colloq. to find (s.t.) too ridiculous to bother about. Güle güle! 1. Good-bye! (said by the one who is staying to the one who is leaving). 2. Good luck! Güle güle gidin(iz). Have a good trip! Güle güle giyiniz). Enjoy wearing it! (said upon seeing s.o. wearing a new piece of clothing). Güle güle kirlenin(iz). (said when greeting s.o. who's just had a bath). Güle güle kullanınız). Enjoy it! (said to s.o. who's recently acquired s.t). Gülerken ısırır, colloq. He/ She may play you false while appearing friendly, gülmekten kırılmak/katılmak colloq. to be doubled up with laughter. Gülme komşuna, gelir başına, proverb Don’t laugh at another’s misfortune; it may happen to you one day. Güler misin, ağlar mısın! colloq.
   I  don’t know whether to laugh or to cry. gülüp oynamak/söylemek colloq. to have a good time, güle oynaya colloq. joyously, merrily, güler yüz affability, complaisance, pleasant disposition, warmth, cordiality, güler yüz göstermek /a/ to show warm feelings towards (s.o.), show (s.o.) cordiality, güler yüzlü affable, complaisant, pleasant, warm, cordial.
                                                       gülmez sullen, sour-faced, severe; unsmiling.
   —    sultan colloq. sulky person, gülpencere (/...) arch, rose window, rose, gülsuyu, -nu (/..) rose water, gülsüngeri, -ni (/...) sweetbrier gall, bedeguar. gülücük smile (of a baby). — yapmak (for a baby) to smile, gülük prov. 1. pack animal. 2. mount, saddle animal. 3. herd of horses/donkeys. 4. turkey, gülümseme smile.
gülümsemek 1. to smile. 2. /a/ to smile at. gülünç funny, comical, laughable, ridiculous, gülünçleme parody.
gülünçleşme becoming funny, getting comical, gülünçleşmek to become funny, get comical, gülünçleştirme /ı/ making (s.o./s.t.) look funny/comical, gülünçleştirmek /i/ to make (s.o./s.t.) look funny/comical, gülünçlü funny, comical, amusing (play, story, words, etc.). gülünçlük comical aspect, gülünmek impersonal passive 1. to laugh. 2.
   /a/ to laugh at, make fun of. gülüntübetim (../..) caricature (a literary por-
 347                                      giimletmek
   trait).
gülüııtüçizim (../..) caricature (a drawing), gülüntüçizimci (../...) caricaturist, gülüntüçizimlemek (../....) hf to caricature, draw a caricature of. gülüş laughter, way of laughing, gülüşmek 1. to have a laugh together, laugh together. 2. to laugh at each other, gülüşülmek impersonal passive 1. to have a laugh together, laugh together. 2. to laugh at each other, gülüt, -tü cin., theat. gag. gülütçü cin., theat. gagman, gülyağcı (/..) maker/seller of rose oil. gülyağcılık (/...) making/selling rose oil. gülyağı, -ni (/..) rose oil, attar of roses, güm 1. boom, a booming sound; bang. 2. a loud thump. 3. slang hot air, guff, baloney, bull, *bullshit. — atmak slang to talk hot air, talk guff, talk baloney, throw bull, bullshit. — etmek 1. to boom, make a booming sound; to bang. 2. to make a loud thump.
   —e gitmek colloq. 1. (for one’s words) to fall on deaf ears; (for s.t.) to be expended for nothing. 2. (for s.o.) to die needlessly.
   —  güm 1. with repeated booms; with bangs.
   2. with loud thumps. — güm atmak (for one’s heart) to thump violently. — güm etmek 1. to boom repeatedly; to bang repeatedly. 2. to thump loudly.
gümbedek (/..) colloq. 1. with a thunder; with a rumble; with a boom. 2. all of a sudden, suddenly, unexpectedly, gümbürdemek 1. to thunder, make a thundering sound; to rumble, make a rumbling sound; to boom, make a booming sound. 2. colloq. to die suddenly, die unexpectedly, drop dead.
gümbürdetmek h/ to thunder, make (s.t.) thunder; to make (s.t.) rumble; to boom, make (s.t.) boom.
gümbür gümbür (./ ..) thunderingly, with a thunder; rumblingly, with a rumble; boom-ingly, with a boom, gümbürtü thunder, a thundering sound; rumble, a rumbling sound; boom, a booming sound, gümbürtülü thundering, making a thundering sound; rumbling, making a rumbling sound; booming, making a booming sound, güme prov. 1. (hunter’s) blind. 2. shelter (for watchman of crops in the field), güıııcç hexagonal wax cell of a honeycomb.
   —     balı honey in the comb, giimele prov., see güme, gümlemek 1. to boom, make a booming sound;
   to bang. 2. to make a loud thump. 3. colloq. to die suddenly, die unexpectedly, drop dead.
   4.    slang to flunk, fail a class, gümleyip gitmek colloq. to die suddenly, die unexpectedly, drop dead, gümletmek /i/ 1. to make (s.t.) boom; to bang, make (s.t.) bang. 2. to make (s.t.) thump loudly.
giimrah
348
gün
gümrah 1. thick, dense, abundant, luxuriant (hair/beard). 2. (water) flowing abundantly, flowing copiously. 3. full, strong, booming, resonant (voice). 4. abundant, multitudinous, plentiful.
gümrük 1. duty; tariff. 2. customs, customs bureau (as an agency of the state). 3. customshouse, customhouse. — almak /dan/ to collect duty (on). — ambarı see gümrük antreposu. — anlaşması customs treaty. — antreposu bonded warehouse. — beyanı customs entry, customs declaration. — beyannamesi/bildirgesi customs declaration, bill of entry. — bildirmeliği see gümrük tarifesi.
   —  birliği customs union, —ten çıkarmak h! to clear (s.t.) through customs. — denetçisi surveyor of customs. — faturası certified invoice, —ten geçirmek /ı/ to clear (s.t.) through customs, —ten geçmek to pass through customs. — görevlisi customshouse officer, customshouse inspector. — iskelesi sufferance wharf. — kaçakçılığı smuggling.
   —  kapısı port of entry. — kolcusu customshouse watchman; customs guard. — komisyoncusu customs broker, customs agent. — kontrolü customs inspection, —ten mal kaçırır gibi colloq. 1. with undue haste, hurry -scurry, scurrying needlessly. 2. surreptitiously, secretively, —ten mal kaçırmak to smuggle goods. — manifestosu customs manifest.
   —  memuru see gümrük görevlisi, —ten muaf duty-free. — muamelesini yapmak Iml to clear (s.t.) through customs. — muayenesi customs examination; examination of passengers’ luggage. — muhafaza memuru customshouse guard. — müfettişi see gümrük denetçisi. — resmi customs duty, customs, duty. — satimcasi see gümrük faturası. —e tabi dutiable, subject to duty. — tahsildarı collector of customs. — tarifesi (customs) tariff. G— ve Tekel Bakanı the Minister of Customs and Monopolies. G— ve Tekel Bakanlığı the Ministry of Customs and Monopolies. — vergisi customs duty, customs, duty. — yoklaması see gümrük muayenesi.
gümrükçü 1. customs officer. 2. customs broker, customs agent, gümrükçülük 1. work of a customs officer. 2.
   work of a customs broker, gümrükleme clearance (of goods) through customs.
gümrüklemek III to clear (goods) through customs.
gümrüklenmek (for goods) to be cleared through customs, gümrüklenmemiş mallar com. bonded goods, gümrüklü 1. subject to customs, dutiable. 2.
   with customs paid, gümrüksüz 1. duty-free. 2. smuggled (goods), gümüş 1. silver. 2. silver, made of silver. 3. slang woman. — ayarı fineness of silver.
   —  beyazı 1. colloq. lead carbonate. 2. silver
   white. 3. silver-white. — cevheri silver ore.
   —   işi 1. silverwork. 2. worked with silver.
   —   kaplama 1. silver-plating, silver-coating.
   2. silver-plated, silver-coated. — madeni silver mine. — nitrat chem. silver nitrate. — para silver coin. — sağ olsun, altm gide kosun. proverb (Make sure of your silver; don’t worry about the gold.) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. — sırma silver thread, silver lace. — tel silver wire. —t varak/yaprak silver foil, silver leaf.
gümüşbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. sand smelt, silver-sides, atherine, Atherina presbyter. gümüşbalığıgiller (./.....) zool. Atherinidae. gümüşçü 1. silversmith. 2. seller of silverwork;
   dealer in silver, gümüşçün zool. silverfish, fish moth, Lepisma saccharina.
gümüşi (.— —) silvery; silver-colored; silver -gray.
gümüşileşmek (.— —..) to become silver (in color), silver, gümüşimartı (.— —'zool. herring gull, Larus argentatus. gümüşkavak (./..) bot. white poplar, silver poplar, Populus alba. gümüşlemek hi 1. to silver-plate, silver. 2. to give (s.t.) a silvery color, silver, gümüşlenmek 1. to be silver-plated, be silvered.
   2.     to shine like silver, gümüşletmek /i, a/ to have (s.t.) silver-plated, have (s.t.) silvered, gümüşlü 1. containing silver, silvery. 2. silver -plated, silvered. 3. ornamented with silver, gümüşlübalık (../..) zool. dace, Leuciscus leu-ciscus.
                                                                gümüş rengi, -ni (./..) 1. silver, the color silver, silvery color. 2. silver, silver-colored, silvery, gümüşservi (./..) moonlight shining on water, gümüşsü silvery, resembling silver, gümüşsülün (./..) zool. silver pheasant, Gen-naeus nycthemerus.
gümüşü (.--------) see gümüşi.
gümüşüleşmek (.----------..) see gümüşileşmek.
gümüşümartı (.— — zool., see gümüşi-marti.
gün 1. day. 2. daytime, day. 3. sun. 4. daylight, sunlight. 5. day, time. 6. day, days, time, times, period. 7. colloq. happy days, better times, days of happiness. 8. special day, feast day. 9. colloq. a woman’s at-home day. 10. date (a given point of time). — lerce for days, —ün adamı colloq. 1. man of the hour, man of the day. 2. a man for all seasons. — ağarmak for day to dawn, for dawn to break. — ağarması daybreak, dawn. — ağılı halo around the sun. — almak /dan/ 1. to get an appointment (from). 2. colloq. to have passed (a certain age) by (a specified number of days). — atlamamak colloq. not to miss out a day. — batması sunset, sundown, —ün birinde colloq. 1. one day, some day. 2. once, at one time in the past. —lerden bir
gün 1. (in tales) once upon a time. 2. colloq. once, at one time in the past. — bugün, colloq. Now is the time. — dikilmesi prov. noon, midday. — doğmadan kemliği söylenmez. proverb (Before a day dawns it is impossible to say what evils it will bring.) It is impossible to predict the ending of a work before it is well begun. — doğmadan neler doğar. proverb (Before a day breaks many things may happen.) A lot can happen between now and then. — doğmak 1. for the sun to rise, for day to dawn. 2. /a/ colloq. (for s.o.) to have an unexpected opportunity or stroke of fortune, —ünü doldurmak 1. to complete a period of time. 2. fin. to fall due, mature. — durumu astr. solstice. — eğişmesi prov. early afternoon, —leri gece olmak /m/ colloq. to fall on evil days, meet with misfortune. — geçer, kin geçmez, proverb The days may pass, but a grudge doesn’t.
—   geçmek /a/ prov. to have a sunstroke, be sunstruck. — ü geçmek /m/ colloq. for (a woman’s) period to be late. — gibi açık/aşikâr colloq. altogether clear, very clear, manifest. —e göre kürk giyinmek gerek .proverb (One has to wear the fur appropriate to the day.) One must dress or act according to circumstances. — görmek colloq. to see happy days, —ünü görmek colloq. 1. to come to a bad end; to suffer for one’s errors. 2. Iml to see (one’s grown-up offspring) living a happy life. 3. to menstruate, have one’s period. — görmemek colloq. to know nothing but unhappiness. — görmez colloq. 1. (place) which doesn’t see the light of day, which doesn’t get sunlight, sunless. 2. (s.o.) who has never been in the sun. — görmüş colloq.
1.  (s.o.) who has seen better days. 2. experienced. —ünü görürsün! colloq. I’ll show you!/You’ll get what’s coming to you!/You’ll get your just deserts! — göstermek /a/ colloq. to make (s.o.) live happily, —ünü göstermek /a/ to show, punish (used as a threat), —den güne (— günden) colloq. from day to day, gradually. — ü gününe 1. day by day. 2. to the very day. —ünü gün etmek colloq. to be really enjoying o.s., be having a real good time, be having a hell of a good time. — ü gününe uymamak colloq. to be capricious, be fickle. — güne uymaz. proverb No day is like any other. — ışığı daylight. — ışığına çıkmak colloq. to come to light; to become clear. — kavuşmak/inmek for the sun to set, for the sun to go down, for night to fall. — koymak /a/ colloq. to put aside a day, assign some time (for). — ola harman ola. colloq. One day its time will come. — olur yılı besler, yıl olur günü beslemez, proverb Sometimes one day’s profits are enough to provide for a whole year’s expenses; sometimes the reverse is true, —ün ortası colloq. the middle of the day. — pekmezi prov., see günbalı.
                                                                                                       güncel
   —leri sayılı olmak to be near death, —ünü/ —lerini saymak colloq. to be waiting for death. — sürmek colloq. to live prosperously. — tutulmak for the sun to be eclipsed.
   —      tutulması astr. solar eclipse. — tün eşitliği astr. equinox. — var yılı besler, yıl var günü beslemez, proverb, see Gün olur yılı besler, yıl olur günü beslemez. — varken davarını eve götür, proverb (Get your flock home while there is light.) Do things at the right time. — yapmak colloq. (for women) to be at home to guests. — yayı astr. diurnal arc of the sun. —ü yetmek colloq. 1. (for s.t.) to fall due, be due. 2. (for one’s last hour) to be at hand. 3. (for a woman) to fill up her term of pregnancy. — yılımı/yılması prov. midafternoon, günah 1. sin. 2. crime, shame, sin. 3. blame, fault. — ım almak Iml colloq., see günahına girmek. — benden gitti, colloq. You can either ignore my advice or follow it; but if you ignore it, don’t blame me if anything goes wrong. — ı boynuna, colloq. On his/ her/your head be it!/The responsibility is his/ hers/yours! —ım çekmek /in/ colloq. to suffer for (another’s) sins. — çıkarmak 1. Christ, to confess one’s sins (to a priest). 2. colloq. to confess one’s faults. — ma değmemek colloq. not to be worth the candle, not to be worth the trouble/effort, —a girmek to sin, commit a sin. — ma girmek /in/ colloq. to accuse (s.o.) wrongly. — işlemek see günaha girmek. — ı kadar sevmemek hi colloq. to hate (s.o.) like poison. — keçisi colloq. scapegoat. — olmak (for s.t.) to be sinful, be wicked, be reprehensible, —a sokmak hi 1. to make (s.o.) sin. 2. to push (s.o.) into wrongdoing, drive (s.o.) to sin. — ım vermez, colloq. He’s/She’s very stingy, günahkâr 1. sinful, reprobate (person). 2. sinner, reprobate. 3. colloq. prostitute, günahkârlık sinfulness, günahlı sinful.
günahsız sinless, innocent, faultless, günahsızlık sinlessness, innocence, faultlessness, state of grace, günâşığı, -m (/—..) prov., see günâşık. günâşık (.—.) prov. sunflower, günaşırı (/...) every other day. günaydın Good morning! günbalı, -ni (/..) prov. grape juice condensed by exposure to the sun. günbalığı, -ni (/...) zool. rainbow wrasse, Julis vulgaris/Cor is julis. günbatımı, -ni (/...) sunset, sundown, günbatısı, -ni (/...) 1. west. 2. westerly wind, westerly.
günbegün (/..) colloq. from day to day, gradually.
günberi (/..) astr. perihelion, günce diary, journal, daybook, güncek prov. umbrella.
                                                               güncel current, today’s, present. — olaylar
 güncelik                                          350
   current events, güncelik diary, journal, daybook, güncelleşme becoming current, güncelleşmek to become current, güncelleştirilmek 1. to be made current. 2. to be updated.
güncelleştirme /ı/ 1. making (s.t.) current. 2. updating.
güncelleştirmek /ı/ 1. to make (s.t.) current. 2. to update.
güncellik currency, being of current interest.
   —ini yitirmek (for s.t.) to lose its currency, be of no current interest, güncül current, today’s, present, günçiçeği, -ni (/...) bot. sunflower, Helianthus annuus.
gündeleşmek to become a daily occurrence, gündelik 1. daily, everyday, day-to-day. 2. daily wage, daily fee. — çalışma day’s work, day labor. — le çalışmak to work by the day. — gazete daily, daily newspaper. — iş daily work. — ücret daily wage, daily fee. gündelikçi 1. day laborer, day worker. 2. (one) who works by the day, day. — kadın cleaning woman (paid by the day), Brit, daily, gündelikçilik 1. day labor. 2. being a cleaning woman. 3. colloq. thinking only of the present.
gündelikli 1. day laborer, day worker. 2. (one) who works by the day, day-. 3. (work) paid by the day.
gündem agenda. — e almak /ı/ to put (an item) on the agenda. — dışı outside the agenda.
   —e geçmek to present the agenda (in a meeting). —e gelmek to become a current issue.
   —e getirmek /ı/ 1. to propose (an item) for the agenda. 2. to make (s.t.) a current issue, gündeş 1. happening on the same day. 2. contemporary.
gündeşlik contemporariness, contemporaneity, gündoğrusu, -nu (/...) see gündoğusu, gündoğusu, -nu (/...) 1. east. 2. easterly wind, easterly, gündöndü prov. sunflower, gündönümü, -nü (/...) astr. solstice, gündüz 1. daytime. 2. by day, in the daytime, in/by daylight, —leri during the day, in the daytime, days. — feneri off. Black (person).
   —     gözüyle colloq. by the light of day. — külahlı, gece silahlı colloq., see gece silahlı, gündüz külahlı. — vakti in the daytime, during the day. — yırtıcıları zool. diurnal birds of prey, hawks, Falcones. gündüzcü 1. one who works during the day. 2. worker on the day shift. 3. day student. 4. colloq^ one who drinks during the day. gündüzki, -ni the day’s, of the day; (that) which has happened during the day. gündüzleme slang bastard, illegitimate child, gündüzlü 1. day (school). 2. day student, gündüzsefası, -m (./.—.) bot. bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis. gündüzün (/..) during the day, by day.
                                                                                                 güneşli
günebakan bot. sunflower, Helianthus annuus. güneç prov. the sunny side, günedoğrulum (./...) bot. heliotropism. güneğik (/..) bot. chicory, succory, Cichorium intybus.
güneküsen prov., bot. four-o’clock, marvel-of -Peru, Mirabilis jalapa. güneküstü prov., bot., see güneküsen. güner prov. 1. pine nut, pignolla, pignon. 2. dawn.
güneş 1. sun. 2. sunshine, sunlight. — açmak for the sun to come out, for it to become sunny. — almak to get the sun, get sunlight, see the sun. —in alnmda/altmda colloq. in full sun. — ayı solar month. — balçıkla sıvanmaz, proverb (You can’t seal off the sun with mud.) You can’t hide the truth.
   —  banyosu sunbath, sunbathing. —in batışı/ batması sunset, sundown. — batmak for the sun to set, for the sun to go down or sink.
   —  çarpmak /ı/ to have a sunstroke. — çarpması sunstroke. G— Dil teorisi the theory of the “Sun Language” (concerning the origin of language put forward in Turkey in the early 1930’s). — dizgesi astr., see güneş sistemi. — doğmak for the sun to rise, —in doğuşu/doğması sunrise, (başına) — geçmek to have a sunstroke. — girmeyen eve doktor girer, proverb (A doctor will go to a house which the sun never enters.) Sunlight is essential to good health. — görmek see güneş almak, —e göstermek /i/ to expose (s.t.) to the sun. — gözlüğü sunglasses, dark glasses. — günü astr. solar day. — ışını sun-ray, sunbeam. — e karşı işemek vulg. to behave rudely to a kind person; to scorn something good through ignorance. — lekesi astr. sunspot. — olsa kimsenin üstüne doğmamak colloq. never to think of helping others.
   —  saati sundial. — sistemi astr. solar system. — şemsiyesi parasol. — tacı astr. solar corona. — takvimi solar calendar. — e tapma heliolatry, worship of the sun. — tayfı solar spectrum. — tedavisi heliotherapy.
   —  tekeri astr. solar disk, sun disk. — tutulmak for the sun to be eclipsed. — tutulması astr. solar eclipse. — vurmak /a/ 1. to have a sunstroke. 2. for the sun to shine on. — vurması sunstroke. — yanığı sunburn. — te yanmak to be sunburnt; to be tanned. — yılı astr. solar year.
güneşbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. sunfish, Lepomis.
güneşhayvancıkları, -ni (./......) zool. helio-
   zoans, sun animalcules, Heliozoa. güneşleme see güneşlenme, güneşlemek see güneşlenmek, güneşlenme 1. sunbathing, sunbath. 2. being spread in the sun to dry. güneşlenmek 1. to sunbathe, bask in the sun.
   2.    to be spread in the sun to dry. güneşletmek /ı/ to leave (s.t.) in the sun to dry;
   to expose (s.t.) to the sun. güneşli 1. sunny, sunlit (place). 2. sunny, clear
güneşlik                                            351
   (weather).
güneşlik 1. sun curtain, window blind, window shade; sunshade. 2. sun visor. 3. sunny, sunlit (place). 4. lens hood (for a camera), güneşsel astr. 1. solar, heliographic. 2. heliacal, heliac. güneşsiz sunless, güneşsizlik sunlessness, güneştopu, -nu (./..) bot. California poppy, Eschscholtzia.
Güney 1. the South. 2. Southern, güney 1. the south. 2. the South; the southern provinces of Turkey. 3. southern. 4. Southern.
   5.  sunny side. 6. south wind. G— Kutbu the South Pole. — noktası astr. South Pole, the south celestial pole. G— Yarıküre the Southern Hemisphere.
Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti, -ni the Republic of South Africa.
Güneybalığı, -m (./...) astr. Piscis Austrinus, the Southern Fish, güneybatı (./..) southwest, güneydoğu (./..) southeast.
Güneyhaçı, -ni (./..) astr. the Southern Cross, the Cross.
Güney Kore 1. South Korea. 2. South Korean, of South Korea.
Güney Koreli 1. (a) South Korean. 2. South Korean (person).
Güneyli Southerner.
güneyli 1. southerner, person who comes from the southern part of a place. 2. Southerner.
   3.     Southern (person), güney sel south, southern, günindi prov. west, günlü dated.
günlük 1. daily, the day’s. 2. daily, everyday, day-to-day. 3. day-fresh (food). 4. -day, of (so many) days; -day-old. 5. ... days worth of. 6. diary, journal. 7. diary, journal, daybook. 8. comp. log. — borç banking overnight loan. — defter com. daybook. — emir mil. order of the day. — faiz oranı banking overnight interest rate. — fiyat current price.
   —   gazete daily newspaper, daily. — güneşlik colloq. 1. sunny, sunlit (place). 2. sunny, clear (weather). — iş day’s work, routine.
   —   kur current rate of exchange. — rapor daily report, bulletin. — yumurta day-fresh
, e§g-
2günlük 1. incense (obtained from the storax tree). 2. frankincense, gum thus, olibanum.
   —   ağacı bot. 1. storax tree, Styrax officinalis.
   2.  frankincense tree, Boswellia.
günlükçü diarist.
günmerkezli (/...) astr. heliocentric, günnük see 2günlük. günorta (/..) prov. midday, noon, günönü, -nü (/..) prov. daybreak, dawn, günöte (/..) astr. aphelion, günsüler zool. heliozoans, sun animalcules, Heliozoa. günü prov. envy, jealousy.
                                                                                               gürül gürül
günübirliğine (./....) see günübirlik, günübirlik (./..) for the day. günücü prov. envious, jealous, günülemek hi prov. to envy, be jealous of. güpegündüz (/...) in broad daylight, gür 1. thick, dense, abundant, luxuriant (hair/ beard). 2. (water) flowing abundantly, flowing copiously. 3. full, strong, booming, resonant (voice). 4. abundant, multitudinous, plentiful, gürbüz sturdy, robust, healthy, gürbüzleşmek to become sturdy, become robust, gürbüzlük sturdiness, robustness, healthiness. Gürcistan 1. Georgia (in the Caucasus). 2.
   Georgian, of Georgia (in the Caucasus). Gürcü 1. Georgian, native of Georgia (of the Caucasus). 2. Georgian, of Georgia (in the Caucasus).
Gürcüce (./.) 1. Georgian, the Georgian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Georgian, Georgian. 3. Georgian (speech/writing); spoken in Georgian; written in Georgian. *güre prov. 1. rutted mare; rutted jenny. 2. a colt/a filly between one and three years old.
   3. strong, vigorous. 4. timid.
2güre energy.
güreci phil. 1. (a) dynamist. 2. dynamistic. gürecilik phil. dynamism, gürel phil. dynamic, güreli energetic, possessing energy, gürellik phil. state of being dynamic, güreş wrestling, wrestle. — etmek/tutmak to wrestle.
güreşçi wrestler. — köprüsü bridge position (in wrestling), güreşçilik (sport ol) wrestling, güreşilmek impersonal passive to wrestle, güreşme wrestling, güreşmek to wrestle.
                                                               güreştirmek /ı, la/ to have (s.o.) wrestle with (another); hi to have (two people) wrestle, gürgen 1. bot. hornbeam, Carpinus betulus. 2. bot. Oriental hornbeam, Carpinus orientalis.
   3.    made of hornbeam, gürgengiller bot. Corylaceae. gür gür (/ .) gushingly, with a gush, gürleme 1. making a loud noise; thundering;
   roaring. 2. roaring with anger, thundering, gürlemek 1. to make a loud noise; to thunder; to roar. 2. to roar with anger, thunder, gür-leyip gitmek colloq. to die suddenly, pop off. gürleşmek 1. (for hair/beard) to become thick, become abundant. 2. (for water) to begin to flow abundantly. 3. (for a voice) to become strong, become resonant, gürlük 1. thickness, denseness, abundance, luxuriance (of hair/beard). 2. abundant flow, copious flow (of water). 3. fullness, resonance (of a voice). 4. abundance, multitudinousness, plentifulness, güruh gang, band, group, gürüldemek to roar, rumble, thunder, gürül gürül (./ ..) 1. with a loud, roaring
gürültü
352
güvereinotu
   sound, rumblingly, thunderously. 2. with a loud, strong voice, boomingly, with booming fluidity. — akmak to flow with a loud, roaring sound. — okumak III colloq. to read (s.t.) in a loud, strong voice, recite (s.t.) with booming fluidity, gürültü 1. noise (loud/harsh/confused/undesired sound); clamor, hubbub. 2. uproar, hubbub.
   3. colloq. noisy quarrel, row, ruckus, rumpus, fracas, —ye boğmak hi colloq., see gürültüye getirmek. — çıkarmak/etmek 1. to make a noise; to create a hubbub. 2. to create an uproar. 3. colloq. to raise a row, raise a ruckus. —ye gelmek colloq. to get lost in the shuffle, —ye getirmek hi colloq. 1. to cause (s.t.) to be lost in the confusion. 2. to get (s.t.) by distraction or by taking advantage of a confusion, —ye gitmek colloq. 1. to get lost in the shuffle. 2. to suffer punishment/loss through no fault of one’s own. — istemeyen kazancı/bakırcı dükkânına girmez. proverb A person who does not want noise should not visit a boilermaker’s shop.
   —  kirliliği noise pollution. — koparmak 1. to start a clamor, start an uproar. 2. colloq. to raise a row, start a ruckus, —ye pabuç bırakmamak colloq. not to be easily intimidated by mere threats. — patırtı colloq. noise, commotion, noisy confusion, —ye vermek III colloq. to set (a place) in an uproar. — yapmak to make a noise; to create a hubbub.
gürültücü 1. noisy (person); (one) who crashes about. 2. clamorous (person), gürültülü 1. noisy, full of noise. 2. noisy, making noise. 3. full of confusion. — patırtılı colloq. confused and noisy, uproarious, gürültüsüz 1. noiseless, quiet. 2. quiet, peaceful, serene.
gürz mace (used in battle), gütaperka (../.) gutta-percha, gütmek, -der hi 1. to herd, tend, drive, shepherd. 2. to cherish, nourish (a grudge/an ambition/an aim). 3. to manage, administer; to control. Güttüğüm domuzu bana öğretme. colloq. I know his/her ways, güve zool. clothes moth, Tinea pellionella. — yemiş moth-eaten. — yeniği moth hole, güveç 1. crock, earthenware cooking pot. 2.
   food cooked in a crock, güvelenmek to be damaged by moths, be moth -eaten.
güvemeriği, -ni (./...) bot. buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica.
güven 1. trust, reliance, confidence. 2. feeling of being safe/secure. 3. courage. — beslemek /a/ to feel confidence in. —ini kazanmak /m/ to win (s.o.’s) confidence. — mektubu letter of credence. — i olmak /a/ to have confidence in. — olmaz /a/ untrustworthy, undependable. —i sarsılmak to lose confidence (in). — vermek /a/ to give (s.o.) the impression of being trustworthy.
güvence 1. guaranty, guarantee (pledge of assurance). 2. guaranty, guarantee, security. 3. assurance, word of assurance. — akçesi security, money given as a security. — vermek
   1. to guarantee, guaranty, make a guaranty.
   2.    to put down a guaranty, give a security, güvenceli guaranteed.
güvencelik letter of credence, güvencesiz without guaranty, not guaranteed, güvenç trust, reliance, confidence, güvenek guarantee, güvenışığı, -m (./...) phot, safelight. güvenilir trustworthy, reliable, dependable. — kaynak reliable source, güvenilmek /a/ to be trusted, be trusted in, be relied on, be depended on, be confided in. güvenirlik reliability.
güvenli 1. safe, secure. 2. confident, assured, güvenlik security, safety. — borusu safety tube.
   —       görevlisi security guard. G— Konseyi the (UN) Security Council. — kuvvetleri security forces. — vanası safety valve. — yöneticisi police chief, güvenme /a/ trusting, trusting in, relying on, depending on, having confidence in, confiding in.
güvenmek /a/ to trust in, rely on, depend on, have confidence in, confide in. güvendiği dağlara kar yağmak (güvendiği dal elinde kalmak) colloq. to be sadly disappointed. Güvenme dostuna, saman doldurur postuna, proverb (Don’t trust your friend or he/ she will stuff your sheepskin with straw). Don’t put too much trust in a friend; he/she may turn against you one day. Güvenme varlığa, düşersin darlığa, proverb Don’t rely on wealth; some day you may be poor, güvenoylaması, -nı (./....) putting up a vote of confidence.
güvenoyu, -nu (./..) vote of confidence. — almak to win a vote of confidence. — vermek /a/ to give (the government) a vote of confidence.
güvensiz 1. distrustful, insecure. 2. unsafe, insecure.
güvensizlik 1. distrustfulness, insecurity. 2. nonconfidence, lack of confidence. 3. unsafety, insecurity. — oyu vote of nonconfidence. — önergesi proposal for a vote of nonconfidence.
güvercin zool. pigeon, rock dove, rock pigeon, Coliunba livia. — postası pigeon post, güvercinboynu, -nu (../..) 1. dove color. 2.
   dove-colored, güvercingiller zool. Columbidae. güvercingöğsü, -nü (../..) see güvercinboynu. güvercinkökü, -nü (../..) pharm. columbo, calumba, root of Jatrorrhiza palmata. güvercinler zool. Columbiformes. güvercinlik 1. pigeon house, dovecote. 2. turret used as a lookout, güvereinotu, -nu (../..) bot. verbena, vervain, Verbena officinalis.
güverte                                           353
güverte (./.) 1. naut. deck (of a ship). 2. slang a small table used for throwing dice. — evi naut. deckhouse. — kargosu naut. deck -cargo. — yolcusu deck passenger, güvey, -i/-si 1. bridegroom, groom. 2. son-in -law. — girmek 1. to become a bridegroom, get married. 2. (for a bridegroom) to move in with his parents-in-law. — olmadık, ama kapı dışında bekledik, joc. I have no expertise on this matter but it’s not foreign to me.
   —     yemeği wedding dinner (given by the bridegroom’s family), güveyfeneri, -ni (./...) bot. Chinese lantern plant, winter cherry, Physalis alkekengi. güveylik 1. being a bridegroom. 2. being a son -in-law. 3. clothes or a gift for a bridegroom. 4. suitable for a bridegroom, güveyotu, -nu (./..) bot. sweet marjoram, Major ana hortensis. güvez purplish red.
güya (—'--) 1. supposedly, allegedly. 2. you would think that, it’s as if. güz autumn, fall. — noktası the autumnal equinox/point, güzçiğdemi, -ni (/...) bot. autumn crocus, meadow saffron, Colchicum autumnale. güzel 1. beautiful, pretty. 2. good, excellent, fine. 3. beautifully, well. 4. (a) beauty. 5. beauty queen. G—! colloq. Fine! — im colloq. 1. darling. 2. that beautiful (thing/person): O güzelim evi harap etmişler. They have spoiled that beautiful house. — e bakmak sevaptır, proverb Gazing at beautiful things is in itself something beautiful. — bürünür, çirkin görünür, proverb Beautiful girls cover themselves, but ugly ones show themselves off. — güzel colloq. beautifully, calmly and quietly. — hava fine weather.
   —i herkes sever, proverb Everyone loves a thing of beauty. — kanda, kavga anda. proverb Where there is beauty there is strife (as to who will possess the beautiful thing).
   —-e kırk günde doyulur, iyi huyluya kırk yılda doyulmaz, proverb One gets enough of beauty in forty days, but one does not weary of a good disposition in forty years.
   —e ne yakışmaz/yaraşmaz, proverb Whatever a pretty girl wears becomes her. — olmak 1. to become beautiful. 2. to become good/excellent. — sanatlar fine arts. G— Sanatlar Akademisi formerly the Academy
                                                                                                            Ğ
   of Fine Arts (in Istanbul). — sayfa print. right-hand page. — lerin talihi çirkin olur. proverb Beautiful women are ill-fated. — yazı sanatı calligraphy, güzelağrı (./..) prov., path, (pulmonary) tuberculosis, consumption, güzelavratotu, -nu (.../..) bot. deadly nightshade, belladonna, Atropa belladonna. güzelce 1. pretty, fair, of modest beauty. 2. (./.)
   thoroughly, güzelduyu (./..) aesthetics, esthetics, güzelduyubilim (./....) science of aesthetics, aesthetics, esthetics, güzeiduyucu (./...) aesthetician, esthetician. güzelduyuculuk (./....) aestheticism, estheti-cism.
güzelduyusal (./...) aesthetical, esthetical, aesthetic, esthetic, güzelhatunçiçeği, -ni (..—■/...) bot. belladonna lily, Amaryllis belladonna. güzelleme 1. a folk lyric in praise of a special person/thing. 2. a happy folk song in praise of a special person/thing, güzelleşme 1. becoming beautiful. 2. becoming good/excellent, güzelleşmek 1. to become beautiful. 2. to become good/excellent, güzelleştirilmek to be beautified, be made beautiful.
güzelleştirmek /ı/ to beautify, make (s.t.) beautiful.
                                                              güzellik 1. beauty. 2. excellence. 3. gentleness, kindness. — enstitüsü see güzellik salonu.
   —  kraliçesi beauty queen. — müstahzarlan cosmetics. — ondur, dokuzu dondur.
   proverb Nine tenths of the beauty is in the clothes. — salonu beauty parlor, beauty salon, beauty shop. — uykusu beauty sleep.
   —  yarışması beauty contest.
güzellikle (../.) properly, nicely, gently, kindly, softly.
güzergâh 1. route, way. 2. place of passage, güzey geog. the shady side, the lee. güzide (.—.) distinguished, select, outstanding; choice.
güzlek prov. 1. autumn rain. 2. place where the fall months are spent, güzlemek /da/ to spend the autumn (in/at/on), güzlük 1. autumnal, autumn-sown (crop). 2. for use in the fall, fall, autumn, güzün (/.) in the autumn, in the fall.
G the letter Ğ (the ninth letter of the Turkish               lengthen the preceding vowel. It cannot begin
   alphabet) (In standard Turkish it serves to                a word.)
H
H 1. the letter H. 2. chem. H (hydrogen). — vitamini vitamin H.
Ha chem. Ha (hahnium). ha 1. Come on now!: Ha gayret! Come on!/ You can do it! 2. (—) Wow!/What a ...!: Amma büyük ha! What a big one! 3. (—) Look here!: Sakın ha, bir daha görmeyeyim! Look here! Don’t let me see that again!
   4.  (—) O yes!/Oh yeah!/See!: Ha, sen bize çay getirecektin! Oh yeah! You were going to bring us some tea. 5. (—) colloq. Eh?/ Huh? 6. either, or. 7. impolite Yes. 8. (between repetitions of a verb) on and on.
   —   babam! (— babam ha!) colloq. 1. Try now, a little more!/Keep on! 2. continuously, on and on. — bire colloq. without ever stopping, all the time. — bugün, ha yarın colloq. at any time, any day. — deyince colloq. at once, that moment. — ..., ha ... nearly, almost: Ha düştü, ha düşecek. He is about to fall ./He may fall at any moment. — Hoca Ali, ha Ali Hoca. (— Ali Hoca, ha Hoca Ali.) colloq. There is really nothing to choose between. — şöyle! colloq. That’s better!/ That’s right! — şunu bileydin. colloq. Now you’ve got it./Finally you understand.
habak bot. pennyroyal, Mentha pulegium. habanera (../.) habanera, habazan slang hungry, ravenous, starved, famished.
                               habbe obs. 1. grain, seed, kernel. 2. blister, vesicle. —si kalmadı, colloq. There is not a scrap left ./It’s all gone. — yi kubbe yapmak colloq. to make a mountain out of a molehill, —si yok. colloq., see Habbesi kalmadı, habe slang bread. — etmek/kaymak/uçlanmak slang to get one’s fill, get enough to eat. habeci slang 1. stupid, foolish, dumb, dunder-headed. 2. fool, oaf, numskull, dumbhead, blockhead, dunderhead. — kostik slang stupid, foolish, dumb, dunderheaded. habeden slang for nothing, free, gratis, haber 1. news, information, message, word. 2. knowledge. 3. obs., gram, predicate. — ajansı news agency. — alma mil. intelligence.
   —   almak 1. /i/ to hear, learn, get word of. 2. /dan/ to hear from. — atlamak to miss a news scoop; to fail to print an item. — atlatmak to scoop the news, get a scoop on the news. — bülteni news bulletin, news report; newscast. — çıkmamak /dan/ not to hear anything (from/about). — filmi newsreel. — geçmek to send out a news report
   or communique (by fax, telephone, etc.). — göndermek /a/ to send a message or news to. — güvercini carrier pigeon, homing pigeon. — kaynağı news source, source. — kipi gram, indicative mood. — merkezi 1. mil. command post. 2. news bureau, news center, news desk. 3. information bureau.
   —i olmak /dan/ to be informed of, know about, —in olsun! colloq. You should be informed!/You should know! — salmak /a/ colloq., see haber göndermek. — sızdırmamak not to let any information leak out. — sütunu news column. — toplamak to gather news. — uçurmak /a/ colloq. 1. to send a message to (s.o.) secretly. 2. to send an urgent message to. —im var. I know about it. (...) — ver! /dan/ colloq. Give me the low-down on ...!/Give me the news about ...! — vermek 1. /a/ to tell, let (s.o.) know, inform. 2. I\l to indicate that ..., show that ..., be a sign that .... — yetiştirmek /a/ to get the news/message to (a place) on time. — im yok. colloq. I know nothing about it./I haven’t heard it. — yollamak /a/ colloq., see haber göndermek, haberci 1. messenger, courier, runner; herald; forerunner, harbinger. 2. sign, indication, portent, herald, forerunner, harbinger, haberdar /dan/ informed of, having knowledge about. — etmek /ı, dan/ to inform (s.o.) of (s.t.). — olmak /dan/ to know about; to find out about,
haberleşme 1. communication. 2. correspondence.
haberleşmek 1. to communicate; /la/ to communicate with. 2. to correspond; /la/ to correspond with, haberli 1. (doing s.t.) having given notice that one is going to do it. 2. being informed in advance.
habersiz 1. /dan/ uninformed, ignorant of. 2. without warning, without giving advance notice.
habersizce (../.) without warning, without telling anyone, secretly.
Habeş see EtiyopyalI, habeş see habeşi.
Habeşi (..—) see Habeş, habeşi (..—) (s.o.) who looks like an Ethiopian, Ethiopian-looking, black-skinned. Habeşistan see Etiyopya, habeşistanmaymunu, -nu (.../...) zool., see habeşmay munu.
habeşmaymunu
habeşmaymunu, -nu zool. sacred baboon, Papio hamadryas. habis 1. evil, bad, malicious, wicked. 2. malignant (tumor, disease, etc.). habitat, -ti (./.) habitat,
hac,  -cci 1 .Islam hajj, hadj, haj, the pilgrimage to Mecca. 2. religious pilgrimage, —a gitmek 1. Islam to go on the pilgrimage to Mecca. 2. to go on a religious pilgrimage, make a pilgrimage, hacamat, -ti 1. bloodletting by cupping. 2. slang stabbing, knifing. — baltası lancet used in cupping. — boynuzu cupping horn. — etmek hi 1. to bleed (s.o.) by cupping. 2. slang to stab, knife. — şişesi cupping glass. — yapmak /a/ to bleed (s.o.) by cupping, hacamatçı bloodletter, cupper, hacamatlamak hi 1. to bleed (s.o.) by cupping.
   2. slang to stab, knife, haccetmek (/..) 1. Islam to go on the pilgrimage to Mecca. 2. to go on a religious pilgrimage, make a pilgrimage, hacet, -ti (—.) 1. need, requirement, necessity.
   2. the need to go to the toilet. 3. feces; urine.
   4.    wish (made in the form of a prayer). — dilemek to make a wish, pray for something. — görmek 1. /a/ to consider (s.t.) necessary, deem (s.t.) necessary. 2. to go to the toilet. — kalmamak /a/ to be no longer necessary. — kapısı door of a saint’s tomb (where one prays for s.t.). — i olmak to need to go to the toilet. — penceresi window of a saint’s tomb (where one prays for s.t.). — tepesi hill with a shrine at the top where people pray and offer petitions, —ini yapmak to go to the toilet, relieve o.s. — yeri toilet, W.C. — yok. It’s not necessary, hacı 1. Islam hajji, hadji, haji. 2. Christian pilgrim. —m slang my dear fellow. — ağa colloq. butter-and-egg man, a newly rich villager who flaunts his wealth in the city. — ağalık etmek colloq. to make a vulgar display of spending one’s wealth. — baba 1. elderly hajji. 2. colloq. venerable old man. —lar bayramı the Feast of the Sacrifice, the Greater Bairam. — bekler gibi beklemek h! colloq. to wait impatiently for (s.o.). — hacıyı Mekke’de (derviş dervişi tekkede) bulur, proverb (A hajji finds another hajji in Mecca.) Birds of a feather flock together.
   —  hacı olmaz gitmekle Mekke’ye, dede dede olmaz gitmekle tekkeye, proverb (One does not become a hajji by going to Mecca, nor a dervish sheikh by going to a lodge.) One can’t do a job properly unless one is seriously committed to it. — hanım Muslim woman who has made the pilgrimage, —si hocası colloq. everybody. — kadm see hacı hanım. — Mekke’de, derviş tekkede (yakışır). proverb (Mecca is the right place for a hajji and a lodge is the right place for a dervish.) A person is accepted by the group that he is suited to. — pintorosa kavuşmak
355                                                 had
         slang to get beat up, get a good beating. — sandığımızın haçı koynunda çıktı, colloq. (A cross turned up under the shirt of the one we thought was a hajji.) We were deceived at first by his appearance, hacıbektaştaşı, -nı (.../..) a variety of gypsum, alabaster.
      Hacı Bektaş Veli Hajji Bektash Veli (the founder of the Bektashi order of dervishes, the patron of the Janissary Corps), hacılarkuşağı, -m (../...) rainbow. Hacılaryolu, -nu (../..) see Samanyolu, hacılık being a hajji.
      hacıyağı, -ni (./..) a heavy perfume made from rose oil and used by hajjis. hacıyatmaz 1. tumbler, roly-poly (toy). 2. very resilient and adaptable person.
      Haciyolu, -nu (./..) see Samanyolu, hacim, -emi 1. volume, capacity. 2. bulk, hacimli 1. having volume. 2. bulky, hacir, -cri law putting an incompetent person under the care of a guardian; appointing a caretaker for the goods of an incompetent/ imprisoned person. — altma almak hi to put (an incompetent person) under the care of a guardian; to appoint a caretaker for the goods of (an incompetent/imprisoned person).
                                                                     Hacivat, -ti (.—.) one of the main characters of the Turkish shadow show, haciz, -czi law sequestration, distraint. — altma almak hi to sequester, sequestrate. — kararı warrant of sequestration, warrant of distraint.
         —     koymak /a/ to sequester, sequestrate, hacizli sequestered, sequestrated, haczetmek (/..) Ill to sequester, sequestrate, haç, -çı Christ, the cross, crucifix. — çıkarmak to make the sign of the cross, cross o.s. — i suya atma yortusu the Feast of the Epiphany, Epiphany, haçlamak III to crucify.
      Haçlılar hist, the Crusaders.
      Haçlı Seferleri, -ni hist, the Crusades,
      had,  -ddi 1. limit, point, degree. 2. math., log. term, —ini aşmak colloq. to go too far, overstep the limit, —ini bildirmek /a/ colloq. to put (s.o.) in his/her place, tell (s.o.) where to get off. —ini bilmek colloq. to know how far one can go; to know the limits of one’s capabilities, —ini bilmemek to go too far; to be in over one’s head; to exceed one’s authority, —ini bilmeyene bildirirler. proverb People who do not know their places soon get their comeuppance, —ini bilmez colloq. presumptuous, uppity, —inden fazla excessive. — i hesabı olmamak colloq. to be boundless, be innumerable, be innumer-ous. —i mi? (—ine mi düşmüş?) colloq. Just who does he/she think he/she is? — i olmamak colloq. (for s.t.) not to be up to (s.o.); (for s.o.) not to have the right to. — i varsa colloq. if he/she dares. — i zatında actually, essentially; originally.
hâd
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hafifletme
hâd -ddi (—) 1. sharp, pointed. 2. med. acute.
    3.. critical, acute, hadde 1. drawplate (used for drawing wire).
   2.  rolling machine. — fabrikası rolling mill. —den geçirmek hi 1. to roll (metal), form (metal) in a rolling mill. 2. colloq. to examine (s.t.) minutely, go over (s.t.) with a fine-tooth comb.
haddehane (..—.) rolling mill, haddelemek hi to roll (metal), form (metal) in a rolling mill, hademe person who does cleaning and runs errands (in a government office or school). —i hayrat personnel of religious institutions, hadım eunuch. —etmek hi to eunuchize, castrate.
hadımağası, -m (./...) Ott. hist, chief eunuch in the sultan’s palace, hadımlaştırmak hi to eunuchize, castrate, hadi (/.) 1. Come on! (used to spur s.o. on): Hadi Şengül! Come on, Şengül! 2. All right .../OK ...: Hadi senin olsun. OK, it’s yours. 3. OK, let’s say .../So ...: Tavuklar günde hadi iki kez yumurtlasın. Let’s say the hens lay twice a day. Hadi Hakan gelmesin. Ne olur? Let’s say Hakan doesn’t come. So what? 4. Come off it!/Nonsense!: Hadi be, beni aptal mı sandm? Come off it man, do you take me for a fool? 5. I can understand that ..., but .../OK ..., but...: Hadi hediye için parası yoktu, bari bir kart yol-lasaydı! I can understand that he didn’t have the money for a present, but he could at least have sent a card! 6. straight for, right for (a place): Seller basınca biz hadi dama. When it floods we make straight for the roof. Yaz geldi mi, biz hadi Kalamış’a. When summer came we’d make straight for Kalamış. — bakalım! colloq. Come on then!/Hurry up!
   —   canım sen de! colloq. Who do you think you’re kidding?/Don’t feed me that bull! — hadi! colloq. 1. Who do you think you’re fooling? 2. Cut it short!/Don’t prolong things!/Don’t drag it out! — oradan! colloq.
    1.    Get moving!/Move it! 2. Who do you think you’re having on? hadis Islam 1. hadith. 2. the study of hadiths. hadise (—..) event, incident, occurrence. — çıkarmak to make trouble, cause trouble, make a fuss, hadiseli (—...) eventful, marked by unpleasant events.
hadisene (../.) see haydisene, hadisesiz (—...) 1. uneventful. 2. uneventfully, hadsiz unlimited, unbounded. — hesapsız innumerable, countless, incalculable, hafakan used in: —lar boğmak/basmak hi colloq. to feel stifled, feel smothered, hafazanallah May God protect us from such a misfortune!
hafız (—.) 1. one who has memorized the Koran, hafiz. 2. slang fool, blockhead, dolt, nincompoop. 3. slang grind, crammer, over-
    serious student; one who learns by rote. 4. slang catamite, queen, hafıza (—..) 1. memory (mental faculty). 2. comp, memory. — yı yoklamak colloq. to try to remember, try to recall, hafizali (—...) a large, thick-skinned, meaty, golden-yellow variety of grape, hafızlamak (—...) slang 1. to cram, study hard, grind, hit the books. 2. Ill to study (s.t.) hard, hafızlık (—..) 1. being a hafiz. 2. slang rote memorization; excessive devotion to one’s lessons. 3. slang stupidity, asininity. 4. slang being a catamite, hafi (.—) obs. secret, hidden, hafif 1. light (in weight). 2. light, easy, mild.
   3.  light, frivolous, flighty. 4. light, mild (food); light (meal/drink). 5. light, thin, slight. 6. light, gentle, mild. 7. light, mild, not heavy or strong. 8. light, slight, mild, not intense. 9. light (music). 10. light, mild (punishment, penalty, sentence, etc.). 11. light (sleep). 12. slight, gradual (incline, slope, etc.). 13. slight, small, little (sound/voice/ noise). 14. light, relaxed, at ease, free from trouble. 15. light, slight, slightly evident. 16. slang penniless, broke. 17. lightly, slightly, mildly. — e almak hi colloq. to take (s.o./ s.t.) lightly, not to take (s.o./s.t.) seriously, —ten almak hi colloq. 1. to try to calm (s.o.) instead of quarreling with him/her. 2. to regard (s.o./s.t.) as unimportant. — atlatmak hi colloq. to escape (s.t.) lightly. — giyinmek colloq. to dress lightly. — hafif colloq. gently, slowly. — hapis cezası law imprisonment in a minimum-security prison.
   —   müzik light music. — para cezası law a light fine. — sanayi light industry. — tertip colloq. 1. small-scale. 2. a little, slightly. — uyku a light sleep.
hafifçe 1. (./.) lightly. 2. (./.) slightly. 3. (./.) mildly. 4. (./.) gently. 5. rather light, somewhat light.
hafifleme 1. getting lighter, lightening (in weight). 2. waning, subsiding, abating, letting up, lessening, decreasing, decrease, diminishing. 3. lightening up, easing up. 4. feeling relaxed; feeling relieved, relief, hafiflemek 1. to get lighter, lighten (in weight).
   2.  to wane, subside, abate, let up, lessen, decrease, diminish. 3. to lighten up, ease up.
    4.    to feel relaxed; to feel relieved, hafifleşmek 1. to get lighter, lighten (in weight).
   2.     to lighten up, ease up. 3. to become frivolous, become flighty, hafifleştirmek III 1. to make (s.t.) lighter, lighten (in weight). 2. to lighten, ease. 3. to render (s.o.) frivolous, hafifletici mitigating, mitigative, extenuating, alleviating.
hafifletme hi 1. making (s.t.) lighter, lightening (s.t.) (in weight). 2. lessening, decreasing, diminishing; abating, mitigating, extenuating, alleviating. 3. lightening, easing. — banyosu
hafifletmek
 357
hakem
     phot, reducer, hafifletmek hi 1. to make (s.t.) lighter, lighten (in weight). 2. to lessen, decrease, diminish; to abate, mitigate, extenuate, alleviate. 3. to lighten, ease, hafiflik 1. lightness (in weight). 2. lightness, easiness, mildness. 3. lightness, frivolity, flightiness. 4. lightness, mildness (of food); lightness (of a meal/a drink). 5. lightness, gentleness, mildness. 6. lightness, slightness, mildness, lack of intensity. 7. lightness (of sleep). 8. relaxation, ease; relief, comfort, ease of mind. — etmek 1. to do/say something improper. 2. to act frivolously, hafifmeşrep loose, of doubtful morality, hafifsemek hi to take (s.o./s.t.) lightly, not to take (s.o./s.t.) seriously, hafifsiklet, -ti (./..) welterweight, hafiften lightly, gently, hafiye detective, investigator, hafiyelik the work of a detective, detection, hafniyum (/..) chem. hafnium, hafriyat, -ti excavation; excavations, hafta week. — larca for weeks, —sma a week later. — ya in a week’s time, next week. — arasında see hafta içinde. — başı the first day of the week, —da bir once a week, weekly. — içinde during the week, —sma kalmaz colloq. within a week. — sekiz, gün dokuz colloq. too often, all the time, very frequently. — sonu weekend, haftalık 1. weekly; occurring once a week. 2.
                                                                     weekly wage. 3. lasting (so many) weeks, haftalıkçı 1. worker paid by the week. 2.
     (worker) paid by the week, haftalıklı see haftalıkçı, haftaym (/.) sports half time, the half.
. hah There!/Now!/Exactly! — şöyle! colloq. That’s better!/That’s right! haham rabbi.
  hahambaşı, -m (./..) chief rabbi, hahamhane (..— .) office of the chief rabbi, hahamlık rabbinate, post of a rabbi, hahha (.—) see hahhah. hahhah (/.) Ha-ha! — güleyim bari! What a joke! (said sarcastically). hahnyum (/.) chem. hahnium. hail (—.) obs. barrier, curtain, screen, hain (—.) 1. traitorous; treacherous. 2. traitor.
     3.    malicious. — hain maliciously, hainleşmek (—...) to become malicious, hainlik (—..) 1. treachery, treason, perfidy. 2. malice. — etmek /a/ 1. to act treacherously toward. 2. to try to harm, act maliciously toward.
  Haiti (./.) 1. Haiti. 2. Haitian, of Haiti.
                                                                     Haitili (./..) 1. (a) Haitian. 2. Haitian (person), haiz (—.) hi 1. having, possessing. 2. provided with, vested with. — olmak hi 1. to have, possess. 2. to be provided with, be vested with.
                                                                   Hak, -kki God. — dini Islam, —a erenler
     those who have attained to the divine truth.
   (...) — getire. There isn’t/aren’t any ...: Onda akıl Hak getire. He doesn’t have any brains at all. — m rahmetine kavuşmak (—a kavuşmak/yürümek) to die, go to heaven.
*hak, -kki 1. justice, right dealing. 2. one’s rightful due, one’s right, share. 3. fairness, adherence to the principles of justice. 4. true.
   5. the effort that one has put into something.
   6. pay. 7. allowance, margin (for trimming/ hemming), —mı almak to get one’s due; to take one’s share, —mı aramak to insist on one’s rights. — deyince akan sular durur. proverb (When one speaks the truth, even streams stop flowing.) When the truth has been spoken and the just way shown, there is nothing more anyone can say. — etmek hi 1. to deserve, merit. 2. to get (what is one’s right). —ı geçmek /a/ 1. to have one’s rightful share passed to (another). 2. to have contributed of o.s. to, to have given time and effort to (s.o./a job), —mdan gelmek Iml colloq. 1. to succeed in carrying out (s.t. difficult). 2. to pay (s.o.) back, get even with.
   3. to defeat, —mı helal etmek to renounce one’s rights in something; to give up something willingly. — ı için (formula of adjuration) for the sake of: Tanrı hakkı için for God’s sake. — kazanmak /a/ to deserve, earn, have a right to. — ı olmak 1. /da/ to have a right to (s.t./a share). 2. to be justified (in one’s remarks or point of view). — ı ödenmez. Nothing can repay him/her. — sahibi holder of a right. — söz (ağıdan) acıdır (acı gelir), proverb, see Doğru söz (ağıdan) acıdır (acı gelir). —ı var. colloq. He/She is right. — vermek /a/ to acknowledge (s.o.) to be right, —mı vermek Iml 1. to give (s.o.) his/her due. 2. colloq. to fulfill all the requirements of, do what is called for, do (it) up well. — yemek to be unjust, —mı yemek /ml to wrong, do wrong to. — yerini bulur. proverb Justice will prevail. — yerde kalmaz. proverb Justice wins in the end. — yolu the way of right, justice.
2hak, -kki 1. incising, engraving (of designs/ script). 2. erasing by scraping.
hâk, -ki (—) obs. earth, soil. — ile yeksan etmek hi colloq. to destroy utterly, demolish, raze, level (a building, city, etc.) to the ground.
hakan (—.) 1. khan (the supreme ruler of Turkish, Mongolian, and Tatar tribes). 2. khan (a title given to Ottoman sultans).
hakanlık (—..) 1. the rank of khan. 2. imperial rule. 3. khanate.
hakaret, -ti (.—.) insult. — etmek /a/ to insult.
   —  görmek /dan/ to be insulted (by).
hakça (/.) 1. truthfully, truly. 2. justly. 3. just, fair, —si the truth of.
hakem 1. arbitrator, arbiter, referee, umpire. 2. sports referee, umpire. — heyeti 1. jury (in a competition). 2. arbitration board. — ka-
hakemlik
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    carı arbitral award, arbitrament. — kurulu see hakem heyeti. — mahkemesi court of arbitration.
hakemlik 1. arbitration, duties of a referee, umpirage. 2. sports duties of a referee, refereeing, job of an umpire, umpiring, hakeza (—'.—) obs. likewise.
haki (------) 1. khaki, the color khaki. 2. khaki,
    of the color khaki, hakikat, -ti (.—.) 1. the truth. 2. reality, truth.
    3. really, truly. — olmak to come true. — te in fact.
hakikaten (.—'..) really, truly, hakikatli          faithful, loyal, true,
hakikatsiz          unfaithful,  disloyal, false in
    friendship.
hakikatsizlik             unfaithfulness, disloyalty,
hakiki (.— —) 1. real, true. 2. genuine, real.
    —  şahıs law, see gerçek kişi.
hâkim (—.) 1. ruling, dominating. 2. dominant, supreme. 3. biol. dominant. 4. /a/ (one) who can control, who has discipline over (his/her emotions, actions, etc.). 5. /a/ overlooking, commanding a view of. 6. judge; justice. 7. ruler, —ler heyeti bench, bench of judges.
    —  kılmak /i, a/ to make (s.o./s.t.) dominant (over). — olmak /a/ 1. to rule, rule over. 2. to dominate, predominate, have a commanding influence over. 3. to control, have discipline over (one’s emotions, actions, etc.).
    4. to overlook, command a view of. —in reddi law recusation, rejection of a judge.
hakim (.—) obs. 1. sage, a profoundly wise man. 2. philosopher. 3. wise, sage, sagacious, hâkimane (—.— .) in a domineering way. hakimane (.— —.) obs. 1. wisely, philosophically. 2. wise, philosophical (words/talk), hâkimiyet, -ti (—...) 1. sovereignty, domination, dominance, rule. 2. domination, dominance, being dominant, hâkimlik (—..) 1. being a judge, office of a judge, judgeship. 2. domination, dominance, being dominant, hakir (.—) vile, held in contempt, contemptible, worthless. — görmek h/ to despise, hold in contempt, hakkâk, -ki (.—) engraver, hakkaniyet, -ti (.— ..) justice, equity, hakketmek (/..) 1. /ı, a/ to engrave, incise (a design) on. 2. hi to scrape out, erase (s.t.) by scraping, hakkıhuzur (/...) money paid for attending a meeting.
hakkında^about, concerning, regarding, hakkısükût, -tu (/..—) obs. hush money, bribe for keeping someone quiet, hakkıyla (./.) properly, thoroughly, haklamak hi 1. to beat, overcome, crush, suppress. 2. to ruin, spoil. 3. colloq. to eat (s.t.) up, finish up. haklaşmak to settle mutual rights/claims; to be quits.
haklı 1. right, just. 2. rightful. — bulmak h! to
   admit that (s.o.) has the right on his/her side.
   —   çıkmak (for s.o.) to turn out to be in the right. — olmak to be in the right. — söz, haksızı Bağdat’tan çevirir, proverb (The truth will bring back a wrongdoer from Baghdad.) Good advice and admonitions will cause a wrongdoer to change his/her ways.
haklılık rightfulness, justness, haksever just, loving justice, hakseverlik justness, love of justice, haksız 1. unjust, wrong. 2. in the wrong, unjustifiable. — bulmak hi 1. to find (s.t.) unjust. 2. to find (s.o.) to be in the wrong. — çıkarmak hi to prove (s.o.) to be in the wrong.
   —   çıkmak to turn out to be in the wrong.
   —   fiil law act of injustice, (a) wrong. — iktisap law usurpation. — rekabet unfair competition. — yere unjustly, wrongfully.
                                                                 haksızlık injustice, wrongfulness. — etmek 1.
   to act unjustly. 2. /a/ to do an injustice (to), hakşinas obs., see haktanır, haktanır just, righteous, haktanırlık justness, righteousness, hakuran obs., zool. dove, turtledove, Strepto-pelia turtur. — kafesi gibi colloq. ramshackle, dilapidated, tumbledown.
                                                                 !hal, -li 1. state, condition. 2. situation, circumstances, state of affairs. 3. behavior, attitude.
   4.  strength, energy. 5. trouble. 6. gram. case.
   7.  obs. the present time, (-diği) — de 1. although: İki kez okuduğum halde kitabı hâlâ anlamış değilim. Although I’ve read the book twice I still haven’t understood it. 2. with: İrfan, elinde ölü fare olduğu halde sokağa fırladı. İrfan dashed out to the street with the dead mouse in his hand. 3. if: Bu ay içinde evi terkettiğiniz halde sizi mahkemeye vermem. If you leave the house this month I won’t take you to court, —inde 1. as, in (a specified state): Balıkçılar grup halinde geldi. The fishermen came in a group.
   2.  in case (of), in the event (of): Bu merdiveni ancak lüzumu halinde kullanın! Use this stairway only in case of necessity! Seyahatin iptal edilmesi halinde paranız iade edilir. In the event the tour is canceled your money will be refunded, (bir) — almak colloq. to come to a state of. —den anlamak colloq. to sympathize, be sensitive and understanding. —e bak! colloq. How terrible!/ How strange! —ine bak! Iml colloq. Just look at him/her!/Poor dear! —ine bakmadan colloq. forgetting his/her limitations, —ine bakmamak colloq. to go ahead without considering one’s own limitations, —ine bakmaz, Hasan dağına oduna gider, colloq. (He/She climbs Mt. Hasan for firewood, never thinking how weak he/she is.) He/She acts without thinking of his/her own limitations. — böyle iken and yet, nevertheless.
   —   değişimi astr. change in the observable qualities of a star. —i duman olmak colloq. to fall into dire straits. — duygusu psych.
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haliyle
   coenesthesia, cenesthesia. —den düşmek colloq. to fail in health, get weak. (...) —ine gelmek 1. to become. 2. to become like, —den hale girmek colloq. to blush, be overcome with confusion. — halin yoldaşıdır. proverb People with the same problems understand each other. —i harap olmak colloq.
   1. to be exhausted, be done in. 2. to be done for. — hatır sormak colloq. to inquire after someone’s health. — i kalmamak to be exhausted. —ine köpekler güler, colloq. (Even the dogs laugh at him/her.) He’s/She’s an object of ridicule ./He’s/She’s a laughingstock.
   —i nereye varacak? colloq. What is to become of him/her?/Where will he/she end up?
   —i olmamak not to have energy, be worn out. —imi sorma! colloq. Don’t ask!/Things are not going at all well! (said as a reply to “How are you?”), —ini sormak Iml colloq. to inquire after (s.o.’s) health. — tercümesi
   1. biography. 2. short autobiography. 3. curriculum vitae. — ulacı gram, participial adverb. — i vakti yerinde colloq. well-off, well-to-do, rich. —im yok. colloq. I’m not up to it./I don’t have the energy for it. — e yola koymak hi colloq. to put (s.t.) in order, arrange.
2hal, -li covered wholesale food market.
3hal, -Hi 1. solution, resolution. 2. melting, dissolving, liquefaction, hâlâ (—' —) still, yet. — mi? Is it still going on? — o masal, colloq. It’s still the same old story.
hala (/.) paternal aunt, father’s sister, halalim gambler’s slang dupe, sucker, halas (.—) obs. salvation, deliverance, rescue.
    —     olmak /dan/ to be saved from, be delivered from, be rescued from, halaskâr (..—) obs. 1. savior, deliverer, rescuer.
    2.    (s.o.) who is a savior/a deliverer/a rescuer, halat, -ti rope, hawser, cable. — çekme sports
    tug of war. —i çeliğe volta etmek to belay a rope. — kasnağı cable drum. — matafyon rope eyelet, cringle. — simidi grommet, grummet, a ring of twisted rope. — süngeri swap, rope mop. halavet, -ti (.—.) obs. sweetness, pleasantness, agreeableness, halavetli (.— ..) obs. sweet, pleasant, agreeable, halay a folk dance performed by holding hands in a circle (accompanied by drum and zurna). — çekmek/tepmek to dance the halay, halayık female slave, female servant, —tan kadın olmaz, gül ağacından odun, proverb A slave woman can’t become a lady any more than rose stocks can be used for firewood, halayıklık being a female slave/servant, halaza prov. plant sprouting from seed left behind at the previous harvest, volunteer, volunteer plant, halazade (..— .) paternal aunt’s son/daughter, cousin.
halbuki (./.) but, however, whereas.
                               haldeş 1. in the same state/condition, in the same circumstances. 2. fellow sufferer, haldır haldır (./ ..) colloq. speedily and noisily, hale (—.) 1. halo (around the moon, around a saint’s head); nimbus, aureole, aureola. 3. anat. areola. — oluşumu phot, halation, halef successor. — selef olmak to be in the relation of successor and predecessor. — ve selef successor and predecessor, halel injury, damage, harm. — gelmek /a/ 1. to be harmed, be injured. 2. to be blemished, be sullied. — getirmek /a/ to harm, injure.
    —     vermek /a/ to injure, upset, spoil, harm, halelenmek (—...) to form a halo.
halen (—'.) now, presently, at present.
Halep Aleppo. — çıbanı path. Aleppo boil, Aleppo button, Oriental sore. — orada ise arşın burada, colloq. (If Aleppo is there, the yardstick is here.) Well, prove it! — yolunda deve izi aramak colloq. to try to find a needle in a haystack, halepçamı, -m (./..) bot. Aleppo pine, Jerusalem pine, Pinus halepensis. halet, -ti (—.) obs. situation, condition, aspect.
    —i ruhiye state of mind, mood, haletmek (/..) I\l to dethrone, depose (a sultan), halfa (/.) bot. esparto, esparto grass, Stipa tenacissima. halhal, -li anklet, bangle for the ankle, hah rug, carpet (which has a pile, as opposed to a pileless kilim!cicim). — döşemek to lay a carpet, carpet, halıcı 1. carpet dealer. 2. carpet weaver, halıcılık 1. the carpet trade. 2. the carpet industry. 3. the art of weaving carpets, hali (— —) obs. empty, vacant; uninhabited, deserted. — durmamak /dan/ see hali olmamak. — kalmamak /dan/ not to be able to avoid (s.t.); never to be without (s.t.).
   —   olmamak /dan/ never to neglect (doing s.t.).
Haliç (/.) the Golden Horn, haliç 1. inlet, bay. 2. estuary, halife (.—.) 1. Islam caliph, calif. 2. Sufism one of the officially ordained successors/vicegerents of a dervish sheikh. 3. obs. assistant, substitute, successor. 4. formerly junior clerk in a government office, halifelik (.—..) Islam 1. caliphate, califate. 2. duties of a caliph. 3. countries under the rule of a caliph.
halihazır (—...) the present time, the present.
    —da nowadays, at present.
Halik, -ki (—.) the Creator, God. halik, -ki (—.) obs. 1. creator. 2. creative, halim (.—) obs. mild, gentle (person). — selim colloq. gentle and good-tempered, halis (—.) pure, unmixed, unadulterated. — muhlis true, genuine, halisane (—.— .) 1. sincerely. 2. sincere, halita (.—.) obs. alloy.
                                haliyle (— —".) 1. without change, as it is. 2. naturally, as a result, as a matter of course,
'halk
360
halvet
   like it or not.
^alk, -kı 1. people, nation. 2. people, populace.
   3.  the common people, folk. 4. common, folk, —a açık open to the public, public.
   —   adamı man of the people. — ağzı vernacular, local tongue. — cephesi popular front, people’s front. — dili popular speech, common language, —a dönük popular, for the people. — düşmanı enemy of the people.
   —   edebiyatı folk literature. — günü re-duced-price day (at movies, theaters, museums, etc.). —la ilişkiler public relations, —a inmek colloq. to accommodate o.s. to the common level. — matinesi reduced-price matinee. — müziği folk music. — oyunu folk dance. — ozanı bard, minstrel, troubadour. — şarkısı folk song, —a verir talkını/ telkini, kendi yutar salkımı, colloq. He/She doesn’t practice what he/she preaches. — yazını see halk edebiyatı.
                                2halk, -ki creation. — etmek /ı/ see halketmek. halka 1. hoop. 2. ring, a circular band, circlet.
   3.  ring (for the finger/the ear/the nose). 4. circle, circular ripple. 5. circle (formed by people). 6. circle (under the eye). 7. ring -shaped salty biscuit. 8. gymnastics ring. 9. slang queen, passive male homosexual. — halka 1. in rings. 2. in links. 3. in circles.
   —   olmak to form a circle. — oyunu round dance.
halkacı 1. maker/seller of rings. 2. maker/seller of ring-shaped salty biscuits, halkadizilişli (./....) bot. verticillate. halkalamak Iı/ 1. to fasten (s.t.) with a ring. 2.
                                to twist (s.t.) into a circle. 3. to encircle, halkalanmak i. to curl in ringlets. 2. to take the shape of a circle, form a circle. 3. to be fastened with a ring. 4. to be encircled, halkalaştırmak /ı/ chem. to close the chain of (an open-chain molecule); to change (a molecule’s structure) from open-chain to cyclic, halkalı 1. hooped. 2. furnished with rings, ringed. 3. (eyes) with dark circles under them. — gözler eyes with dark circles under them.
halkalidamar (../..) bot. annular vessel, halkalılar zool., see halkalisolucanlar. halkalisolucanlar (../....) zool. segmented worms, Annelida. halkalısülün (../..) zool. ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus torquatus. halkavcılığı, -m (/....) demagoguery, demagogy, halkavcisi, -m (/...) demagogue, demagog, halkayay (./.) valve spring, halkbilgisi, -ni (/...) folklore (i.e. the folklore of a particular group), halkbilim (/..) folklore (as a field of study), halkbilimci (/...) (a) folklorist, halkbilimsel (/...) folkloristic, folkloric, pertaining to the study of folklore, halkçı 1. (a) populist. 2. populist, populistic. halkçılık populism, halkdevinbilim (/....) demography.
halkdevinbilimci (/......) demographer, demog-
    raphist.
halkdevinbilimsel (/.....) demographic, demo-
    graphical, halketmek (/..) /i/ to create, halkevi, -ni (/..) neighborhood center established by the state for public instruction and social events, halkodasi, -m (/...) village gathering place established by the state for public instruction and social events, halkoylaması, -m (/....) referendum, halkoyu, -nu (/..) public opinion, hallaç cotton/wool fluffer (who works with a bow and mallet). — osuruğu gibi araya gitmek vulg. to get lost in the confusion, go unnoticed. — pamuğu gibi atmak li/ colloq.
   1. to throw (things) around, upset (a place), make a mess of. 2. to scatter (a group).
hallaçlamak /i/ to card (fibers for cloth), hallaçlık the job of fluffing cotton/wool, hallenmek 1. to acquire a new form/condition.
   2. to recover strength. 3. to feel faint. 4. /a/ slang to desire, want. 5. /a/ slang to bother, be rudely attentive to (a girl/a woman). 6. slang to scrape by. hallenip küllenmek colloq. to get along on one’s own resources, live moderately.
halleşmek to have a heart-to-heart talk, confide in each other, halletmek (/..) hi 1. to solve, find a solution for, resolve. 2. to put (s.t.) on the right track, set (s.t.) straight. 3. to dissolve. 4. to complete, finish up, settle, conclude. 5. to dish up, serve up (food), hallice 1. pretty well off. 2. /dan/ somewhat better (than), hallihamur (/...) used in: — olmak colloq. 1. to adjust o.s. to circumstances. 2. to melt into something, fuse, coalesce into one. hallolmak (/..) 1. to be solved, be resolved.
    2. to dissolve, become dissolved, hallolunmak (/...) 1. to be solved, be resolved.
    2.    to be dissolved. 3. to be brought to a conclusion, be settled, be concluded, halojen chem. halogen.
halsiz weak, feeble, enervated, debilitated, languid.
halsizlik weakness, feebleness, enervation, debility, languidness, lassitude, halt, -ti 1. mistaking one thing for another; mixup. 2. colloq. crass action; rude and crude remark. —■ etmek colloq. to do something rude; to say something improper. — karıştırmak/yemek colloq. to do something rude, do something improper, halter 1. dumbbell, barbell. 2. sports weight lifting.
halterci sports weight lifter, haltercilik sports weight lifting, halvet, -ti 1. withdrawing into seclusion, seclusion, isolation, retirement. 2. a secluded retreat. 3. place of retirement/seclusion, re-
Halveti
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hamil
   treat. 4. partially enclosed bathing cubicle in a public bath. — e çekilmek to withdraw into seclusion. — e dönmek colloq. (for a place) to become very hot and close. — gibi colloq. very hot and stuffy (place). — olmak to withdraw to a secluded/private place.
Halveti (..—) 1. Khalwati dervish, (a) Khalwati.
   2. Khalwati, of the Khalwatis. — tarikatı the Khalwati order of dervishes, the Khal-watiya.
Halvetilik (..— .) 1. the Khalwati order of dervishes, the Khalwatiya. 2. the teachings and practices of the Khalwatis. 3. being a Khalwati.
Halvetiye the Khalwati order of dervishes, the Khalwatiya.
ham 1. unripe, green. 2. raw, crude, unrefined.
   3. colloq. unrealistic (aims/ambitions/suggestions). 4. colloq. unrefined (person). 5. colloq. out of shape, out of condition, soft (from lack of exercise). — armut/ahlat gibi boğaza durmak colloq. to hinder someone in what he/she is doing with one’s comments and actions. — besisuyu bot. sap. — ervah colloq. blunt and tactless person, insensitive and rude person. — teklif unacceptable suggestion. — veri comp, raw data.
hamail (.—.) obs., see hamaylı.
hamak hammock.
hamal porter, carrier; stevedore. — carnal colloq. rabble, mob, street gang, —a semeri yük olmaz/değildir, proverb (A porter does not consider his backpack a load.) You don’t feel the weight of those responsibilities which you are used to bearing. — sırığı a pole carried by two porters, with the load hung from the middle.
hamalbaşı, -m (./..) head of a group of public porters.
hamaliye (.— ..) porter’s fee, porterage.
hamallık 1. work of a porter, porterage. 2. porter’s fee, porterage. 3. colloq. drudgery, hard work, toiling and slaving. 4. colloq. unnecessary bother. 5. colloq. unnecessary burden. 6. colloq. stuffing one’s mind with useless information, —mı etmek/yapmak Iml colloq. to do the dull and tiring part of (a job).
hamam 1. Turkish bath, public bath. 2. bathroom. 3. school slang discipline committee, —da deli var. colloq. (There is a madman in the bath.) 1. There is a crazy person involved in this. 2. What a lot of noise! — gibi colloq. very hot (place), —a gider kurnaya, düğüne gider zurnaya âşık olur, colloq. (He’s/She’s carried away by the washbowls in the bath, and by the reed pipe at a wedding.) 1. He’s/She’s full of fickle enthusiasms. 2. He/She keeps falling in love with everybody he/she meets, —a giren terler. proverb (When a person goes into a bath he/she sweats.) A person should be prepared for the unpleasant aspects of whatever he/ she commits himself/herself to. — kesesi
   rough mitt (used for scrubbing the body). — nalını suratlı vulg. very ugly (woman).
   —m namusunu kurtarmak colloq. 1. to try to give a semblance of honesty to a questionable situation, try to cover up. 2. to rush to the defense of one’s own organization. — takımı the things taken with one to a Turkish bath (soap, towels, clogs, metal bowl, etc.).
   —      yapmak colloq. to take a bath in the traditional Turkish way. hamamanasi, -ni (./...) 1. woman who supervises the attendants in a public bath. 2. colloq. big, fierce-looking woman. 3. colloq. hardhearted mother, hamamböceği, -ni (./...) zool. cockroach, Blatta orientalis.
hamamböceğigiller (./.....) zool. Blattidae. hamamcı 1. proprietor/keeper of a public bath. 2. slang canonically unclean and in need of a ritual bath, hamamcılık the business of running a public bath.
hamamlık zinc-lined bathing cubicle in a home, hamamotu, -nu (./..) depilatory agent, (a) depilatory.
hamamtasi, -ni (./..) metal bowl (used for dousing o.s. with water while washing o.s.). hamarat, -ti (woman) who’s good at housekeeping. — taze colloq. young woman/girl who’s good at housekeeping, hamaratlaşmak (for a woman) to get good at keeping house, hamaratlık good housekeeping, hamaset, -ti (.—.) obs. valor, heroism, hamasi (.— —) heroic, epic (poem/story), hamaylı 1. baldric, shoulder strap. 2. amulet, charm.
Hambeli (..—) Islam, see Hanbeli. Hambelilik (..—.) Islam, see Hanbelilik. hamburger (./.) hamburger (meat-patty sandwich).
hamdetmek (/..) /a/ to give (God) thanks, praise (God), glorify (God), give glory to (God).
Hamdolsun! (/..) God be praised!/Praise be to God!/Glory to God!/Thanks be to God!/Glory be!/Praise be! hamfendi (/..) colloq. lady; ma’am, hamhalat, -ti colloq. rough, clumsy (man), ham hum (/ .) colloq. 1. murmuring mean-inglessly, mumbling. 2. hemming and hawing. — etmek colloq. 1. to murmur mean-inglessly, mumble. 2. to hem and haw. — şaralop colloq. 1. deception by sleight of hand or confusing talk. 2. nonsense, claptrap, fiddle-faddle, hamız (—.) obs., chem. acid, hami (—.) 1. protector, guardian. 2. patron, sponsor.
hamil (—.) 1 .fin. bearer, holder. 2. hi possessing, bearing. 3. prop, support, —ine fin. (pay) to bearer. — olmak l\l to have, have possession of.
hamile
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hamile (—..) 1. pregnant, expectant. 2. pregnant woman, expectant mother. — kalmak 1. to get pregnant. 2. /dan/ to be with child by, be carrying (a specified man’s) child. — olmak to be pregnant, hamilelik (—...) pregnancy, haminne (./.) colloq. grandma, granny, grandmother.
haminto (./.) slang 1. illicit gain, swindle. 2. swindling.
                                                                 hamiş (—.) obs. 1. postscript. 2. marginal note, hamiyet, -ti deep-seated devotion to one’s country and family; patriotism, public spirit, hamiyetli having a deep-seated devotion to one’s country and family; patriotic, public -spirited.
hamiyetsiz not devoted to one’s country and family; unpatriotic, lacking in public spirit, hamiyetsizlik lack of a devotion to one’s country and family; lack of public spirit, hamla (/.) 1. (a) stroke, (a) pull (of the oars). 2. the distance covered by one stroke of the oars.
hamlacı (/..) 1. rowing stroke, stroke oar, chief oarsman. 2. naut. aftmost oarsman. 3. naut. oar, oarsman, rower, hamlaç blowpipe.
hamlama 1. colloq. being out of shape, being out of condition (from lack of exercise). 2. primary firing of pottery, hamlamak to get out of condition, get out of practice, get soft from lack of work, hamlaşmak colloq., see hamlamak, hamle 1. attack, onslaught, assault. 2. sudden advance, great leap forward. 3. turn (at chess/checkers). 4. sports offensive, attack, charge. — etmek to make an attack, charge, rush forward. — yapmak 1. to make an attack, charge, rush forward. 2. to take the initiative in an enterprise; to make a leap forward. 3. sports to take the offensive, make an attack, make a charge, hamleci enterprising, venturesome, hamletmek (/..) /ı, a/ to attribute (s.t.) to, ascribe (s.t.) to, impute (s.t.) to. hamlık 1. unripeness, greenness, rawness. 2. colloq. being out of shape, being out of condition (from lack of exercise), hammadde (/..) raw material, hampa slang accomplice, associate, henchman, hamsi zool. anchovy, Engraulis encrasicholus.
    —      kurban olur mu? Kanı da var, canı da. (Hamsi niçin kurban olmasın; kanı da var, canı da.) proverb (Can anchovies be used for a sacrifice? They have blood and life.) A person setting out on a wrong course of action will seek to rationalize it. — kuşu cookery fried anchovy, hamsigiller zool. Engraulidae. hamster zool. hamster, Cricetus cricetus. hamsin 1. the fifty days of winter ending at the spring equinox. 2. khamsin, khamseen. hamt giving God thanks, thanksgiving, prais-
   ing God, giving glory to God. — etmek /a/ see hamdetmek. — olsun! see Hamdolsun! hamule (.— .) obs. load, hamur 1. dough, paste. 2. half-cooked (bread, cake, etc.). 3. paper pulp. 4. grade, quality (of paper). 5. colloq. (a person’s) essential nature, stuff. 6. clay mixed for pottery. — açmak to roll out dough. — gibi colloq. 1. worn-out, exhausted. 2. overcooked, mushy, soggy. 3. undercooked, doughy. — işi pastry.
   —      olmak to become doughy. — tahtası pastry board. — teknesi kneading trough. — tutmak to prepare dough, make dough. — yoğurmak to knead dough, Work dough, hamurboya (./..) oil paint ready on a painter’s palette.
hamurcu bakery worker who kneads dough, hamurkâr see hamurcu, hamurlamak Iı/ 1. to cover (s.t.) with dough. 2. to smear (s.t.) with dough. 3. to seal (the lid of a covered pot) with dough, hamurlanmak 1. to be covered with dough. 2. to be smeared with dough. 3. (for the lid of a covered pot) to be sealed with dough, hamurlaşmak 1. to get doughy, get soggy. 2.
   to become doughlike, hamursu doughy, soggy, hamursuz 1. unleavened. 2. matzo, matzoh, unleavened bread. H— Bayramı Passover, Pesach. — ekmek matzo, matzoh, unleavened bread, hamurumsu doughy, soggy, hamut, -tu horse collar furnished with hames. *han 1. caravansary, khan. 2. office building; large commercial building. — gibi colloq. vast, huge (building). — hamam sahibi colloq. man/woman of property, wealthy person. 2han 1. khan (a title given to Ottoman sultans). 2. khan (a title given to rulers of the Crimea and some Asian countries). hanay prov. 1. two or three-storied house. 2. entrance hall, vestibule, hall-like room (onto which a number of rooms open). 3. court, courtyard.
Hanbeli (..—) Islam 1. (a) Hanbali, (a) Hanba-lite, adherent of the Hanbali school of law. 2. Hanbali, pertaining to the Hanbali school of law. — mezhebi the Hanbali school of law.
Hanbelilik (..— .) Islam 1. the teachings and practices of the Hanbali school of law. 2. the Hanbali school of law. 3. being a Hanbali. hancı owner/operator of a caravansary. — sarhoş, yolcu sarhoş, colloq. (Both innkeeper and traveler are drunk.) Nobody can tell which end is up. hancılık being the owner of a caravansary/a khan; operating a caravansary/a khan; keeping a caravansary/a khan, hançer khanjar, handjar, short curved dagger, hançere larynx.
hançerlemek /ı/ to stab, knife (with a khanjar). hançerlenmek to be stabbed, be knifed (with
handavallı
363
'hani
   a khanjar).
handavallı slang stupid, blockheaded, dim-wit-ted, asinine, handikap, -pi handicap.
handiyse (/..) colloq. 1. almost, very nearly, all but. 2. pretty soon, any moment, soon, before long. 3. if he/she could, hane (—.) 1. house. 2. household. 3. division, section. 4. blank (in a printed form). 5. square (on a game board). 6. math, place of a digit (in decimal notation). 7. zodiacal sign.
   8.     section (in an instrumental piece in Oriental music). — halkı household. — sahibi householder, hanedan (—..) 1. dynasty, dynastic/imperial house. 2. (s.o.) who is a member of a dynastic family. 3. obs. high-born and magnanimous. 4. colloq. courteous and generous, hanedanlık (—...) 1. being a member of a dynastic family. 2. obs. being high-born and magnanimous. 3. colloq. courtesy and generosity. 4. state ruled by a dynastic house. Hanefî (..—) Islam 1. (a) Hanafi, (a) Hanafite, adherent of the Hanafi school of law. 2. Hanafi, pertaining to the Hanafi school of law. — mezhebi the Hanafi school of law. Hanefilik (..— .) Islam 1. the teachings and practices of the Hanafi school of law. 2. the Hanafi school of law. 3. being a Hanafi. haneli (—..) 1. (place) that numbers (so many) houses. 2. (a number) that contains (so many) places.
hanelik (—..) (place) that contains (so many) houses.
hanende (—..) formerly professional singer of Turkish classical music, hanendelik (—...) formerly singing Turkish classical music as a profession, hangar 1. hangar. 2. shelter, shed, a roofed area used for storage, hangi (.'.) 1. which. 2. Which ...? —niz which of you. — akla hizmet ediyor? colloq. What’s making him/her do such a strange thing? — biri ...? Which one (of a large number)? — cehennemin dibinden geldin? colloq. Where the hell did you come from?
   —   dağda kurt öldü? colloq. (Which mountain did the wolf die on?) This is a nice surprise, but whatever made you/him/her do it?
   —   gün vardır akşam olmadık? proverb (Has there ever been a day without an evening?) All good things must end sometime.
   —   peygambere kulluk edeceğini (ümmet olacağmı) şaşırmak/bilmemek colloq. to be at a loss as to whose orders to follow. — taşı kaldırsan, altından çıkar, colloq. (You will find him/her under any stone you lift.)
   1. He/She has an opinion about anything you mention. 2. He/She has a finger in every pie.
   —   taş pekse/katıysa, başını ona vur. colloq. (Hit your head on any hard stone.) 1. Nothing can be done to help you; and if you don’t believe me, go ask my boss. 2. You’re to
   blame for the mess you’re in. So don’t come crying to me! Seni/Sizi — rüzgâr attı buraya/böyle? colloq. What on earth brought you here?/Where have you been all this time? hangisi, -ni (/..) Which one?/Which of them? hanım 1. lady. 2. a title meaning Mrs ./Ms ./Miss (used after a first name): Esma Hamm. 3. wife. 4. ladylike. 5. the lady of the house (term used by a domestic servant when speaking of a female employer): Hanım evde yok. The lady of the house is not at home. 6. khanum, hanum (a title for a woman of rank). — abla sister (a term of respect in addressing a woman). — evladı colloq. 1. mama’s boy. 2. bastard. — hanımcık colloq.
   1. proper little (lady/housewife/girl). 2. pleasantly domestic, housewifely. — kadm colloq. neat and housewifely woman. — kırarsa kaza, halayık kırarsa suç/ceza olur, proverb (When the mistress breaks something it is an accident, but when the servant does the same it is a crime.) A fault in a subordinate is not regarded so in the boss. — kız colloq.
    1.    young lady, young girl. 2. proper little lady. — nine colloq., see haminne. — teyze colloq. ma’am, hanımanne (./..) 1. mother-in-law. 2. colloq. ma’am.
hanımböceği, -ni (./...) zool. ladybug, lady beetle, Coccinella. hanımefendi (./...) 1. lady. 2. madam, ma’am, hanımefendilik (./....) being a lady, hanımeli, -yi (./..) bot. honeysuckle, woodbine, Lonicera periclymenum. hanımeligiller (./....) bot. Caprifoliaceae. hanımgöbeği, -ni (./...) a ring-shaped syrupy pastry.
hanımlık ladylikeness, ladyhood, hanımördeği, -ni (./...) zool. sheldrake, Tadorna tadorna.
hanımparmağı, -ni (./...) a finger-shaped pastry soaked in syrup.
Jhani (/.) 1. So where’s ...?: Hani kahve? So where is the coffee? 2. Why ... not ...?: Hani ders çalışacaktın? You were going to study; why didn’t/aren’t you? 3. You remember ...?: Hani dün bize gelen kadm var ya, işte o. You remember the woman who came to see us yesterday? Well, it’s her. 4. Let’s suppose that ...: Hani, benim müdür olduğumu bilmese neyse, ama biliyor. Now if he didn’t know I was the director it’d be a bit different. But that’s beside the point; he knows who I am. 5. in fact, moreover: Hani, aklı da yok değil, ama kullanmıyor. In fact he is not unintelligent; he just doesn’t use his head. 6. to tell the truth, actually: Hani, pek de çekingen sayılmaz. To tell the truth, she’s not so shy. —dir colloq. for a long time now.
   —  bana? colloq. What about me?/Where is my share? — o günler! colloq. 1. O for the good old'days !/0 for the days when one could do such things! 2.1 only wish I could,
2hani
364
haram
   but it’s out of the question now. — ya .... colloq. 1. So where’s ...? 2. You know ...!
   —   yok mu .... colloq. 1. very nearly. 2. If only .... 3. You know what I mean.
2hani (/.) zool. comber, Serranus cabrilla. hanigiller (/...) zool. Serranidae. hanlık 1. being a khan, khanate. 2. khanate, area ruled by a khan, hanos zool., see 2hani.
hantal 1. unnecessarily large, unwieldy, bulky, huge, coarsely made. 2. clumsy, awkward, klutzy.
hantallaşmak to become clumsy, become awkward, get klutzy, hantallık 1. clumsiness, awkwardness. 2. unwieldiness, bulkiness, hugeness, hanteriş slang hashish, hash, hant hant (/ .) used in: — ötmek colloq. to crave, be obsessed by a desire for (s.t.). haniiman (—.—) obs. house, home, family. Hanya (/.) Canea, Khania (in Crete). — ’yi Konya’yı anlamak colloq. to learn what’s what (by bitter experience), find out the hard way. — ’yı Konya’yı göstermek /a/ colloq. to give (s.o.) what he/she has coming to him/ her, show (s.o.) what’s what (said as a threat). — ’yı Konya’yı öğrenmek colloq., see Hanya’yı Konya’yı anlamak.
^ap, -pi 1. pill. 2. slang pill, an opium pellet.
   —   etmez slang not easily fooled, not gullible (in gambling). — kadar colloq. wee, a little bit, tiny, —i yutmak colloq. to be in trouble, be done for.
2hap child’s language Yum-yum! (a sound made to encourage a child to take a bite). — etmek III to swallow down, gulp down, gobble up.
hapaz slang food, eats, grub.
hapçı slang 1. drug addict (who takes pills). 2.
   opium addict, hapıcık used in: — yapmak hi child’s language to swallow down, gulp down, gobble up. hapır hapır (./ ..) see hapur hupur, hapis, -psi 1. imprisonment; confinement. 2. prison, jail. 3. prisoner. 4. imprisoned. 5. a kind of backgammon. — e atmak hi to put (s.o.) in prison, imprison, throw (s.o.) into jail, jail. — cezası prison sentence. — etmek III see hapsetmek. — giymek see hapis yemek. — hakkı law right of retention. — e tıkmak hi colloq. to put (s.o.) in prison, imprison, throw (s.o.) into jail, jail. — yatmak to serve a time in jail, be in prison. — yemek to be sentenced to prison, hapishane (..— .) prison, jail. —yi boylamak colloq. to end up in jail. — kaçkını 1. person who is guilty but not yet arrested, criminal still at large. 2. colloq. scoundrel, hapislik 1. imprisonment; confinement. 2. a period spent in prison, hapsedilmek (. ...) 1. to be imprisoned, be put in prison, be jailed. 2. /a/ to be locked up (in). 3. /a/ to be confined to, be detained in/
    at (a place), hapsetmek (/..) 1. h! to imprison, put (s.o.) in prison, jail. 2. /i, a/ to lock (s.o./an animal) up (in). 3. /i, a/ to confine (s.o.) to, detain (s.o.) in/at (a place). 4. hi to hold (s.t.) without using it, retain, hapşırık (a) sneeze, hapşırmak to sneeze, hapşırtmak hi to make (s.o.) sneeze, hapşu (.—) A-choo! (imitates the sound of a sneeze).
hapt used in: — etmek hi colloq. to silence, shut (s.o.) up (in an argument). — olmak colloq. to be silenced, be shut up (by another’s arguments), hapur hupur (./ ..) ravenously and noisily. — yemek III to wolf down, gobble up. har used in: — ı başına vurmak colloq. to go wild, let o.s. get out of control. — ı geçmek colloq. 1. to lose one’s enthusiasm. 2. to calm down, cease to be angry. 3. (for s.t. hot) to cool off. — gür colloq. noisy squabble, hullabaloo, rumpus. — har colloq. strongly, violently, noisily. — hur colloq., see har gür.
    —     vurup harman savurmak lıl colloq. to squander, hara stud, stud farm.
harabat, -ti (.------) Ott. lit. wineshop, tavern.
harabati (.— ■— ■—) 1. Ott. lit. frequenter of wineshops and taverns; tippler. 2. (a) wastrel, (a) good-for-nothing. 3. unkempt and profligate. 4. slovenly.
harabatilik (.----------.) 1. Ott. lit. frequenting
    of wineshops and taverns; tippling. 2. good -for-nothingness. 3. unkemptness and profligacy. 4. slovenliness, harabe (.—.) 1. ruins, remains. 2. building on the point of collapse, harabelik (.— ..) place filled with ruins, haraç 1. protection money. 2. formerly tax paid by non-Muslims. 3. formerly tribute (paid by a tributary state). 4. formerly tax; payment, —a bağlamak h/ to force (s.o.) to pay protection money regularly, —a kesmek hi to exact protection money from. — mezat satmak hi to auction, auction off. — yemek slang to live on someone else, sponge on another.
haraççı 1. racketeer who extorts protection money. 2. formerly collector of tribute, haraççılık 1. racketeering, extorting money by intimidation. 2. formerly collecting the tax on non-Muslims, harakiri (../.) hara-kiri, haram forbidden by religion, unlawful, wrong. —m binası olmaz, proverb, see Haramm temeli olmaz. — etmek /ı, a/ to take the pleasure out of (s.t.) for (s.o.). — helal ver Allahım, garip kulun yer Allahım, colloq. (O God give me something permitted or something not permitted; your poor servant will eat it.) He/She will make a profit from anything, with no regard for right and wrong.
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   —   mal a thing taken by theft/deceit. — olmak /a/ (for the pleasure, enjoyment, etc. of s.t.) to be ruined, be spoiled, be impaired (for s.o.). — olsun! colloq. May you get no benefit from it. — para money illegitimately acquired. — m temeli olmaz, proverb (A forbidden benefit has no substance.) A wrongful profit is soon lost again, —a uçkur çözmek colloq. to commit adultery. — yemek to get something illegally/illegitimately.
harami (.— —) bandit, brigand, robber, highwayman, way layer, thief, haramilik (.-------.) banditry, brigandage, rob-
   bery, waylaying, thievery, haramsız religiously lawful, religiously untainted, honest, haramzade (..— .) 1. bastard, illegitimate child. 2. colloq. unscrupulous (person). — pazar bozar, helalzade pazar yapar, proverb (A bastard spoils the market, but an honorable person helps to restore it.) A wicked person destroys friendships, but a good person builds them up.
harap 1. ruined, in ruins. 2. worn-out, exhausted. — etmek /i/ to ruin, destroy. — olmak
   1.  to be ruined, be destroyed. 2 to be worn out, be exhausted.
haraplaşmak to fall into ruin, haraplık desolation, ruin, harar large haircloth sack. — gibi colloq. capacious, enormous, huge, mammoth, hararet, -ti (.—.) 1. heat, warmth. 2. fever, temperature, feverishness. 3. thirst. 4. fervency, fervidness, vehemence, zeal, ardor. — basmak /a/ 1. to feel very thirsty. 2. to feel feverish. — kesmek/söndürmek to quench one’s thirst. — vermek /a/ to make (s.o.) thirsty.
hararetlendirmek (.— ....) hi 1. to make (s.o.) feverish. 2. to heat up, excite, steam up, fire up (a discussion, meeting, etc.). hararetlenmek (.— ...) 1. to become feverish.
   2.  (for a discussion, meeting, etc.) to get heated up, get excited, get steamed up, get fired up.
hararetli (.—..) 1. feverish. 2. heated up, excited, steamed up, fiery (discussion, meeting, etc.). 3. fervent, fervid, vehement, zealous, ardent.
haraşo (./.) 1. stockinette stitch, stockinette. 2.
   slang good-looking Russian woman, faraza slang quarrel, rumpus, row. — çıkarmak slang to quarrel, raise a rumpus, cause a row.
2haraza prov. gallstone of a cow/an ox. harbe 1. short lance. 2. ramrod, harbi 1. ramrod. 2. slang straight, honest, upright (person). — bas! slang Scram!/Take off! — konuşmak slang to speak the truth.
   —   zar slang honest dice.
                                harbilik 1. muzzle (of a firearm). 2. slang honesty, uprightness, playing fair and square. Harbiye the Army Military Academy (a state
    -run, university-level military academy in Ankara). — Nazırı formerly the Minister of War. — Nezareti formerly the Ministry of War.
 harbiye military affairs.
Harbiyeli student at or graduate of the Army Military Academy, harcama 1. spending. 2. expenses, outlay, expenditure.
 harcamak hi 1. to spend, expend. 2. to expend, use up. 3. colloq. to bring ruin/harm to (s.o.) (in order to advance one’s own interests), expend. 4. colloq. to sacrifice. 5. slang to kill, do (s.o.) in.
 harcanmak 1. to be spent, be expended. 2. to be expended, be used up. 3. colloq. to be ruined, be expended; to be harmed. 4. colloq. to be sacrificed. 5. slang to be killed, be done in.
harcı cheap, inexpensive, harcıâlem (..— .) 1. common, ordinary, suitable for everybody. 2. lacking in originality, unoriginal, harcırah travel allowance.
 *harç 1. mortar. 2. plaster, material for plastering walls. 3. ingredients (used in preparing a food). 4. filling (of a food): Böreğin harcı henüz hazır değil. The filling for the börek isn’t ready yet. 5. trimming (for a woman’s dress). 6. (any specially prepared) soil mixture, soil mix: saksı harcı potting soil. — ı olmak Iml colloq. 1. to be within (one’s) power/means. 2. to be (one’s) special skill or forte.
                                                                   2harç 1. expenditure, outlay, expenses. 2. money paid to a government office for a service; fee. —mı vermek hnl slang to give (s.o.) a dressing down, give (s.o.) a scolding, harçlı 1. made with mortar and plaster. 2.
    trimmed (dress).
 2harçlı (official action) for which a fee must be paid.
 harçlık allowance, pocket money.
 harçsız 1. made without mortar and plaster. 2.
    (dress) that has no trimming on it.
 2harçsız (official action) for which a fee is not required.
 hardal 1. bot. mustard, Brassica. 2. mustard (condiment). — lapası/yakısı mustard plaster.
 hardaliye (.— ..) grape juice flavored with mustard.
hare (—.) 1. moire, water. 2. moired cloth, harekât, -ti (..—) mil. operations; operation, campaign.
 hareke vowel point, vowel mark (in Arabic script).
 harekelemek hi to place a vowel point above/ below (a consonant), vowelize, vowel (in Arabic script), harekeli pointed, (consonant) to which the vowel points have been added (in Arabic script).
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hareket, -ti 1. motion, movement, action. 2. stir, activity. 3. act, action, deed; conduct, behavior. 4. departure. 5. movement, organized movement. 6. earthquake, tremor. 7. mus. tempo. 8. rail, traffic. 9. exercising, exercises, exercise. — cetveli rail, timetable. — dairesi rail, dispatcher’s office. — etmek 1. to move, stir, act. 2. to act, behave. 3. to set out, start; to depart. 4. /a/ to leave for. — e geçirmek hi to set (s.o.) into action. — e geçmek to begin to act, begin, start. —e gelmek
   1.    to begin to move/act. 2. to become animated. —e getirmek hi 1. to set (s.t.) in motion. 2. to stir up. — kolu starting handle; crank. — noktası 1. point of departure, departure. 2. starting point (of a matter, discussion, etc.). hareketlendirmek hi to put (s.t.) into motion, hareketlenmek to get into motion/action, hareketli 1. moving, active. 2. vivacious, animated.
hareketlilik 1. activity, being active. 2. vivacity, animation, hareketsiz motionless, inactive, hareketsizlik immobility, being motionless/inactive.
hareki (..—) obs. kinetic, harelemek (—...) hi to moire, water, harelenmek (—...) to take on a moired appearance, acquire a watered appearance, hareli (—..) moired, moire, watered, harem 1. harem, haram, hareem, harim, seraglio. 2. wife. 3. the part of a house occupied by the women. — ağası see haremağası. — dairesi harem, haram, hareem, harim, seraglio, the quarters occupied by the harem. — kâhyası man who supervised the shopping for a harem, haremağası, -ni (..'...) black eunuch in the sultan’s palace, haremlik 1. being a wife, wifehood. 2. the part of a house occupied by the women. — selamlık olmak 1. (for men and women) to sit separately. 2. (for men and women) to occupy separate quarters (in a house), harf, -fi letter (of the alphabet). — atmak /a/ colloq. to bother, pester (a woman/a girl).
   —i harfine to the letter, harfiyen (/..) to the letter, harharyas zool. 1. great white shark, man-eater, white shark, Carcharodon carcharias. 2. porbeagle, porbeagle shark, Lamna cornubica. harharyasgiller zool. Ccirchariidae. harılanmak (for an animal) to show bad temper, become intractable, harıldamak 1. to flow/burn furiously. 2. (for a machine, motor, etc.) to run noisily, operate furiously.
                                                             harıl harıl (./ ..) colloq. 1. assiduously, diligently, intensely, intensively. 2. furiously, fiercely, intensely. — çalışmak to work like mad. — yanmak to burn furiously, harıltı 1. roar (of s.t. flowing/burning). 2. roar
   (of a machine, motor, etc.). harım prov. 1. vegetable and fruit garden. 2.
   hedge, fence, harm prov. 1. intractable (animal). 2. obstinate, bad-tempered, harmlamak prov. (for a horse) to fight the bit. haricen (—'..) outwardly, externally, harici (—) 1. external, exterior. 2. foreign, hariciye (—...) 1. foreign affairs. 2. formerly surgery, the branch of medicine that treats diseases by operative procedures. 3. colloq. surgical ward. — koğuşu surgical ward. H— Vekâleti formerly the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. H— Vekili formerly the Minister of Foreign Affairs, hariciyeci (—....) 1. diplomat. 2. formerly surgeon, physician who performs surgical operations.
hariciyecilik (—.....) the work of a diplomat;
   the diplomatic profession, hariç (—.) 1. outside, exterior, outer surface.
   2.    foreign place. 3. except (for), with the exception of; exception of; excluded, not included, without, —ten gazel okumak/atmak colloq. 1. to offer one’s ideas on a subject without knowing anything about it. 2. to break rudely into a conversation. — olmak /dan/ to be excluded (from), harika (—..) 1. wonderful, marvelous, miraculous, extraordinary. 2. wonderful, marvelous, fantastic. 3. wonder, marvel, miracle, —lar yaratmak colloq. to produce wonders, harikulade (—'..— .) 1. extraordinary, unequaled. 2. wonderful, marvelous, fantastic, haris ambitious, greedy, overly desirous, harita (./.) map. —da olmak colloq. 1. to be in the plan; to have been considered. 2. to require consideration, —dan silinmek 1. (for one country) to be absorbed into another country. 2. to be destroyed, be wiped off the map.
haritacı (./..) cartographer.
haritacılık (./...) 1. being a cartographer. 2.
   cartography, hark, -ki prov. ditch, irrigation ditch, irrigation trench, conduit, canal, channel, harlamak 1. to burn furiously. 2. colloq. to blow one’s stack, blow up, flare up. harlatmak III to poke up (a fire), make (a fire) burn furiously, harlı furiously burning.
harman 1. threshing. 2. threshing floor; threshing field. 3. stack of grain ready for threshing. 4. harvest, harvest time. 5. blending; blend (of tobacco, tea, etc.). 6. print, collating, gathering (of pages, signatures, etc.). 7. slang slightly high on hashish. — çevirmek to go around in circles. — çorman colloq. in utter disorder, mixed up, topsy-turvy, higgledy-piggledy, —da dirgen yiyen sıpa, yılma kadar acısını unutmaz, proverb (A donkey foal that gets prodded with a pitchfork at the threshing floor will remember it
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   all year.) A painful punishment is remembered a long time. — döven öküzün ağzı bağlanmaz, proverb (An ox that treads the grain is not muzzled.) A person is entitled to a reward for his/her services. — dövmek to thresh grain. — dövmek keçinin işi değil. proverb (It’s not the work of a goat to thresh the grain.) It takes a qualified person to do an important job. — etmek /ı/ 1. to blend (tobacco, tea, etc.). 2. print, to collate, gather (pages, signatures, etc.). — makinesi
   1. threshing machine, thresher. 2. print, collator. — savurmak to winnow grain. — sonu 1. the end of the threshing season. 2 residue of grain (mixed with stones and dust), gleanings. 3. colloq. remnants of a fortune/a business. — sonu dervişlerindir, proverb (The gleanings belong to the dervishes.) The humble and patient get what is left over from the rich. —ı yakarım diyen, orağa yetişmemiş. proverb (The one who planned to burn the field of ripe grain could not get there before the sickles.) A person who has evil designs is sometimes punished for them before he/she has been able to carry them out.
   —  yapmak /ı/ see harman etmek. — yel ile, düğün el ile. proverb (For winnowing you need a breeze, for a wedding you need guests.) Each situation has its own requisites. — yeri threshing floor; threshing field.
harmancı 1. thresher, one who threshes grain.
   2. blender, one who blends tobacco, tea, etc.
   3. print, collator, one who collates pages, signatures, etc.
harmancılık 1. threshing, work of a thresher. 2. work of one who blends tobacco, tea, etc., blending. 3. print, collation, work of a collator.
harmandalı, -ni (./..) a folk dance (of the Aegean region).
harmani (.-------) a long cape.
harmaniye (.—..) see harmani.
harmanlamak 1. /ı/ to blend (tobacco, tea, etc.). 2. hi print, to collate, gather (pages, signatures, etc.). 3. to go in circles. 4. naut. to go in a circle.
harmanlanmak 1. (for tobacco, tea, etc.) to be blended. 2. (for pages, signatures, etc.) to be collated, be gathered. 3. (for the moon) to be encircled by a halo.
harmoni mus. harmony.
harmonyum (./.) mus. harmonium, a reed organ.
harnup 1. bot. carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua. 2. carob.
!harp, -bi 1. war. 2. slang card game. — açmak to start a war. H— Akademisi the Turkish Staff Officers’ College. — esiri prisoner of war. — filosu war fleet. — gemisi warship.
   —  hali state of war. — hilesi stratagem. — hukuku law of war. — ilanı declaration of war. — malulu disabled war veteran. — meydanı battlefield, battleground. — narası
    battle cry. — okulu (state-run, university -level) military academy. — oyunu war exercise, war game. — sahası theater of war. H— Şûrası the Supreme War Council. — tazminatı war indemnity. — teçhizatı military equipment, munitions. — zengini war profiteer.
2harp, -pi mus. harp.
harrangürra (./..) colloq. in a disorderly and noisy manner, in a hurly-burly and chaotic manner, chaotically, hars obs. culture, the cultural and social aspects of a society, hart used in: — diye colloq. with a loud crunch.
harta used in: —sı hurtası olmamak colloq.
    to show disrespect, act disrespectfully, hartadak (/..) colloq. suddenly and with force; with a loud crunch: Köpek elimi hartadak ısırdı. The dog suddenly bit my hand, hartadan (/..) colloq., see hartadak, hart hart (/ .) 1. with a crunching sound, with a crunch. 2. with a rasping sound, with a scratching sound, hart hurt (/ .) with a crunching sound, with a crunch.
harttadak (/..) colloqsee hartadak, hartuç cartridge, cartouche, shell (containing a complete charge of powder), harup bot.y see harnup, has 1. /a/ belonging to; special to; peculiar to, unique to. 2. pure, unadulterated, genuine, real; of the best quality, of the highest quality, quality. 3. genuine, real, fine (person). 4. royal, belonging to the sultan. 5. Ott. hist, a fief of over 100,000 akçe. — ahır Ott. hist. sultan’s stable. — boya fast dye. — ekmek fine white bread. — işlemek slang to gobble up another’s food without being invited to.
    —   kefal zoo I. gray mullet, striped mullet, Mugil cephalus. — oda Ott. hist, the sultan’s apartment in the palace. — un fine white flour.
hasa calico (a cotton cloth), hasar damage, loss. — görmek (~a uğramak) to suffer damage. — yapmak to cause damage.
hasat 1. harvest, reaping (of the crop). 2. harvest, gathered crop, hasatçı harvester, one who harvests, reaper, one who reaps.
hasatçılık working as a harvester, harvesting, working as a reaper, reaping, hasbahçe (/..) Ott. hist, private garden of the sultan.
                                 hasbelkader (/...) by chance, by accident, fortuitously; by coincidence, coincidentally, hasbetenlillah (/...—) obs. purely for the love of God, expecting nothing in return, hasbıhal, -li (..—) chat, friendly talk. — etmek to chat, have a friendly talk, hasbi (.—) 1. volunteer, voluntary. 2. without apparent cause. — geçmek slang to ignore
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   something, forget it, pay no attention, hasbilik (.—.) being voluntary, not being forced, hasebiyle (..—'.) obs. because of, by reason of, on account of. haseki Ott. hist. 1. member of the bodyguard of the sultan. 2. a woman in the harem much favored by the sultan. — sultan sultan’s favorite wife who has given birth to a son. hasekiküpesi, -ni (../...) bot. fuchsia, Fuchsia hybrida.
hasep obs. personal qualities, merits. — i nesebi one’s kith and kin. haset 1. envy, jealousy. 2. colloq. envious, jealous. —ten/hasedinden çatlamak to be consumed with envy. — etmek /a/ to envy, be jealous of. hasetçi envious, jealous, hasetlenmek to become envious, become jealous.
hasetlik colloq. envy, jealousy, hâsıl resulting; produced. — etmek /ı/ to produce. — olmak to result, be produced, come into existence, hasıl prov. 1. grain still green in the field. 2.
   green barley used as fodder, hâsıla (—..) result, outcome, hâsılat, -ti (—..) 1. produce; products. 2. revenue, returns; proceeds, hâsılı (—'..) in short, in brief, to sum up. — kelam in short, in a word; the long and short of it is that .... hasıllanmak prov. 1. (for a child) to grow up.
   2. (for a crop) to mature, hasım, -smi 1. enemy. 2. opponent, party to a dispute/a contest, hasımlık enmity, hostility, antagonism, hasır 1. rush mat; reed mat, matting; wickerwork; canework. 2. made of woven straw, coarse fiber, cane, rushes, or wicker. — altı etmek /ı/ colloq. 1. to conceal, hush up, cover up. 2. to hold up (a paper/a file) instead of processing it and passing it along. — altına gitmek colloq. to be shelved and forgotten. — etmek h! slang to steal. — gibi serilmek colloq. to be spread out all over the ground. — iskemle cane chair. — işi wickerwork. — koltuk wicker chair. — olmak slang to be beaten (in a game). — örgü mat, matting, —a sarmak hi slang to swipe, cop, filch, pilfer, steal. — şapka straw hat; Brit, boater; Panama hat, Panama, —a yatmak slang (for a taxi driver) to take a day off, not to work, hasırcı 1. mat maker; dealer in mats. 2. maker/ seller of wickerwork. 3. slang filcher, pilferer, thief.
hasırcılık 1. making/selling woven mats or wickerwork. 2. slang swiping, copping, filching, pilfering, stealing, hasırlamak hi to cover (s.t.) with matting; to cane.
hasırlanmak to be covered with matting; to be caned.
hasırlı 1. covered with matting; caned. 2. wicker, covered with wicker. 3. large bottle covered with wickerwork; wicker jug. hasirotu, -nu (./..) bot. rush, Juncus arabicus. hasirotugiller (./....) bot. Juncaceae. hasır sazı, -m (./..) bot. bulrush, Scirpus la-custris.
hasis 1. stingy, miserly, niggard, niggardly. 2.
    petty; base, low. hasislik stinginess. —* etmek to behave stingily, hasiyet, -ti (—..) obs. 1. special quality, special virtue, special value. 2. food value, nutritional value (of food/drink), hasiyetli (—...) obs. wholesome, nourishing, healthful (food/drink), haslet, -ti (inborn) trait, characteristic, haspa colloq. minx, baggage, pert young woman.
hasret, -ti longing, yearning; nostalgia. — çekmek /a/ to long, yearn (for), —ini çekmek /ml 1. to long to see (s.o./s.t.) again. 2. to miss, suffer from the lack of, long for, yearn for. — gitmek /a/ colloq. to die longing for (s.o./a place). — kalmak /a/ to feel the absence of, miss greatly, hasretli 1. longing, yearning; nostalgic. 2. homesick.
hasretlik 1. (a) longing, (a) yearning. 2. homesickness.
hasretmek (/..) /ı, a/ to devote/consecrate/ dedicate (s.t.) to; to appropriate, allot, or set aside (s.t.) for. hassa obs. special quality. — askeri Ott. hist.
    bodyguard of a ruler, imperial guard, hassas 1. sensitive, responsive. 2. touchy, oversensitive. 3. /a/ susceptible (to drugs). 4. mechanically exact. — aletler precision instruments.
hassasiyet, -ti (.— ..) 1. sensitiveness, sensitivity.
    2. touchiness, oversensitivity, hassaslık sensitiveness, sensitivity, hassaten (/..) obs. especially, particularly, hasse calico (a cotton cloth), hasta 1. sick, ill. 2. patient, sick person; invalid. 3. slang hard up, flat broke, penniless.
    4. slang lazy student. 5. slang losing (card).
    6. addicted to, excessively fond of: futbol hastası excessively fond of playing soccer; great soccer fan. — ya bakmak 1. to nurse a patient. 2. to examine a patient. 3. to treat a patient. — ya bakmaktan hasta olması yeğdir, proverb It is sometimes easier to be a patient than to take care of a patient. — ya çorba sormak colloq. to ask someone if he/ she wants something when it’s obvious he/ she does. — ya çorba sorulur mu? colloq. (Why ask a sick person if he/she wants soup?) Why hesitate? Go on and do it./Of course I want it. —, çorbası tasta, colloq. (He’s/She’s sick but his/her soup is in the bowl.) He/She is not really very sick. — ya döşek sorulmaz, proverb (You don’t ask a sick person if he/she wants to lie down.)
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haşmet
   When a need is evident it is superfluous to ask about it. — düşmek colloq. to get sick.
   —   etmek hi to make (s.o.) ill. — ya kar/ karpuz sormak colloq., see hastaya çorba sormak. — ol benim için, öleyim senin için, proverb (If you will get sick for me I will die for you.) One returns a favor with interest. — olmak 1. to get sick; to be ill. 2. slang to go to class unprepared, —sı olmak Iml 1. colloq. to be addicted to, be excessively fond of, be a fan of. 2. to be the patient of (a specified doctor). — olmayan, sağlığın kadrini bilmez, proverb (One who is not sick does not know the value of good health.) One can’t appreciate good health unless one’s been sick. — yatağı sickbed. — ya yatak sorulmaz. proverb, see Hastaya döşek sorulmaz. — yatan ölmez, eceli yeten ölür, proverb One doesn’t die because of illness; one dies because one’s time has come.
hastabakıcı (./...) nurse’s aide, hastabakıcılık (./....) the work of a nurse’s aide, hastalandırmak /ı/ to make (s.o.) sick, hastalanmak to get sick, fall ill. hastalık 1. sickness, illness; ill health. 2. disease. 3. colloq. addiction. — almak see hastalık kapmak. — geçirmek to be sick, have an illness. — hastası hypochondriac. — kantarla girer, miskalle çıkar, proverb Sickness hits like a ton, and fades away by the ounce.
   —   kapmak to catch a disease. — sağlık/ sayrılık bizim için, proverb (Sickness and health are both given us.) Any of us can be afflicted by illness (therefore we ought to take precautions against it). — sigortası health insurance, —a tutulmak to get sick, come down with a disease, —a yakalanmak to get sick, be taken ill.
hastalıklı (s.o.) who has bad health, sickly, ailing.
hastane (.—.) hospital, —ye kaldırmak/yatırmak h! to hospitalize, put (s.o.) in the hospital. — yatağı hospital bed. hastanelik (.— ..) needing hospital care, requiring hospitalization. — etmek III colloq. to beat (s.o.) up so badly that he/she needs to be hospitalized. — olmak 1. to get so sick that one needs hospitalization. 2. colloq. to be badly beaten up. hasut obs. very envious, very jealous, hâşâ (— —') 1. God forbid!/Heaven forbid!/ It’s unthinkable!: Hâşâ, siz kabalık etmezsiniz. It’s unthinkable that you’d do anything rude. 2. May God forgive me for saying it!/ God forbid! — huzurdan/huzurunuzdan .... Saving your presence .../If you’ll excuse the expression .... — siimme hâşâ. Perish the thought!
haşa saddle blanket, saddlecloth, haşarat, -ti 1. insects, vermin. 2. colloq. the mob, the rabble, vermin, haşarı 1. out of hand, naughty, mischievous, unruly (child). 2. wild, uncontrollable, unruly,
    ungovernable (animal). haşarılaşmak 1. (for a child) to become naughty. 2. (for an animal) to become uncontrollable.
haşarılık 1. naughtiness, mischievousness, unruliness (of a child). 2. unruliness (of an animal).
haşat, -ti slang 1. completely messed up, dilapidated, wiped out, totaled, shot. 2. exhausted, wiped out, shot, worn-out. 3. jalopy, rattletrap. —i çıkmak (— olmak) 1. to be completely messed up, be wiped out, be totaled, be shot. 2. to be exhausted, be wiped out, be shot, be a wreck, haşefe obs. 1. anat. glans, head of the penis.
    2. bot. anther, haşere insect.
haşhaş bot. opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. haşhaşyağı, -m (./..) poppy-seed oil, poppy oil. haşıl prov. size, sizing (for cloth), haşıllamak hi prov. to size, dress (cloth) with sizing.
haşım haşım (./ ..) used in: — haşlanmak colloq. 1. to get thoroughly boiled. 2. to be badly sunburned. 3. to be scalded, haşır damak to rustle, make a rustling sound, haşır haşır (./ ..) with a rustle, rustlingly. haşır huşur (./ ..) see haşır haşır, haşırtı rustle, rustling sound, haşırtılı rustling, making a rustling sound, haşin harsh, rough, crude, coarse, tough (person/ behavior), haşinleşmek to get harsh, get tough, haşinlik harshness, roughness, crudeness, coarseness, toughness, haşir, -şri 1. obs. collecting people together. 2. Islam God’s causing the dead to arise and assemble for judgment; resurrection and assembling for judgment; Day of Resurrection, Judgment Day. — neşir olmak /la/ colloq.
    1.    to mingle with, rub shoulders with. 2. to be busy with, be involved with, haşiş hashish, hasheesh, haşiv, -şvi obs. redundancy, redundant expression, padding, haşiye (—..) obs. footnote; marginal note; annotation.
haşiyeli (—...) obs. footnoted; glossed; annotated.
haşlama 1. boiling. 2. scalding. 3. colloq. scolding. 4. boiled. 5. scalded, haşlamak III 1. to boil, cook (s.t.) in boiling water. 2. to scald. 3. (for an insect) to sting all over. 4. (for frost) to burn (plants). 5. colloq. to scold, tell (s.o.) off. haşlamlılar zool. Ciliatallnfusoria. haşlanmak 1. to be boiled. 2. to be scalded. 3. to be stung all over (by an insect). 4. (for plants) to be burned (by frost). 5. colloq. to be scolded, be told off. haşlatmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.t.) boiled. 2. to have (s.t.) scalded, haşmet, -ti majesty, pomp, grandeur.
haşmetli
 370
hatun
haşmetli 1. majestic, grand. 2. His/Her Majesty, haşmetmeap (...—) His/Her Majesty {title applied to European sovereigns). hat, -ttı 1. line. 2. handwriting; calligraphy. 3. (transport/communications) line. 4. elec. line, wire. 5. (facial/bodily) feature, contour. — bekçisi watchman (guarding a railroad, telephone/telegraph line). — çekmek to install a (telephone/telegraph) line. — işçisi lineman; trackman. — karıştırmak slang to be shown up, be embarrassed, hata (.—) 1. mistake, error, fault. 2. fault, defect, flaw. — ya düşmek to fall into error.
   —  etmek/işlemek to err, make a mistake, be wrong. — mesajı comp, error message.
   —  yapmak to make a mistake.
hatalı (.—.) 1. faulty, defective, flawed. 2. in the wrong, at fault, hatasız (.—.) 1. flawless, free of error. 2. unerring. 3. not at fault. — kul olmaz, proverb (No creature is without fault.) Nobody’s perfect.
hatıl horizontal beam embedded in a stone wall to strengthen it. hatıllamak /i/ to strengthen (a wall) with horizontal beams, hatır 1. memory, mind. 2. one’s feelings, one’s sensitivities. 3. sake. 4. influence, consideration, weight, the consideration that one person expects from another. — almak colloq. to please someone. — belası colloq. burdensome obligation undertaken out of respect/ friendship for s.o. — ma bir şey gelmesin. colloq. Don’t misunderstand me ./I don’t mean to imply anything bad. — ındaıı çıkamamak /in/ colloq. to consent to something rather than offend (a friend), —dan çıkarmak h! to forget. — ındaıı çıkarmamak III to keep in mind, continue one’s concern for.
   —ındaıı çıkmamak to keep coming to one’s mind. — ındaıı geçmemek 1. not even to think of. 2. /m/ colloq. to do something rather than disappoint (s.o.). — ına gelmek to occur to one, come to one’s mind, —a gelmemek (for a possibility) not even to occur to one. —a getirmek III (for s.t.) to remind one of (s.t.). —a gönüle bakmamak colloq. not to let one’s consideration for someone prevent one from doing what is right. — gönül bilmemek/saymamak/tammamak colloq. 1. not to let one’s consideration for someone prevent one from doing what is right. 2. not to consider the feelings of others, —mı hoş etmek /m/ colloq. to please (s.o.).
   —  için as a favor to someone. — için çiğ tavuk (da) yenir, proverb (One can even eat raw chicken as a favor to someone.) A person will do difficult/unpleasant things in order to please others. —ı için for the sake of, because of. —i kalmak colloq. to feel hurt/offended. —mda kalmak to remember. —mi kırmak hnl colloq. to hurt (s.o.’s) feelings, offend. —mda olmak to have in mind, not
   to have forgotten. — ı sayılır 1. colloq. considerable. 2. respected. —ı sayılmak 1. to have influence and weight. 2. to have one’s feelings respected. — saymak to show one’s respect, show one’s esteem, —mı saymak Iml to show one’s respect for (s.o.) (by one’s action). — senedi accommodation bill. — sormak /a/ to ask (s.o.) how he/she is, ask after/about (s.o.). —mda tutmak III to remember, keep (s.t.) in mind. — mdan ve hayalinden geçmemek colloq. (for s.t.) not even to cross (one’s) mind. — a ve hayale gelmemek colloq., see hatıra gelmemek. — yapmak colloq. to please someone. — ım yok mu? colloq. Don’t I count for anything?/ Have I no weight or influence? hatıra (—..) 1. recollection, memory, reminiscence. 2. souvenir, memento, keepsake.
   —sma Iml in memory of. — defteri 1. diary. 2. autograph book, hatıralık (—...) 1. fit to be used as a souvenir.
   2. souvenir, hatırat, -ti (—..) memoirs, recollections, hatır hatır (./ ..) crunch crunch, with a crunching sound, hatır hutur (./ ..) see hatır hatır, hatırlama remembering, recalling, recollecting, hatırlamak hi to remember, recall, recollect, hatırlanmak to be remembered, be recalled, be recollected.
hatırlatma /ı, a/ reminding (s.o.) (of/about), calling (s.o.’s) attention to. hatırlatmak /ı, a/ to remind (s.o.) of/about, call (s.o.’s) attention to. hatırlı influential, esteemed, of consequence, hatırsız uninfluential, of no consequence, hatırşinas considerate, courteous, hatim, -tmi a reading of the Koran from beginning to end. — duası prayer after a complete reading of the Koran. — indirmek to finish a complete reading'of the Koran. — sürmek to be in the process of making a complete reading of the Koran, hatime (—..) obs. epilog, Brit, epilogue, hatip 1. public speaker, orator; a good speaker. 2. preacher. 3. an imam who delivers the khutbah.
hatiplik 1. oratory, power of elocution. 2. preaching.
hatmetmek (/..) Ill 1. to read (the Koran) from beginning to end. 2. colloq. to read (s.t.) from cover to cover, hatmi bot. marsh mallow, Althaea officinalis. hatta (/—) even; moreover, besides, in addition, furthermore, hattat, -ti 1. calligrapher. 2. person with good handwriting, penman, hattatlık profession of a calligrapher; calligra-phy.
hattihareket, -ti (/....) obs. line of action, method of procedure, hatun (—.) 1. woman; lady. 2. a title meaning Mrs ./Ms ./Miss (used after a first name) :
hav
371
havadis
   Nahide Hatun. 3. khatun, wife of a khan.
   4.     vifcfe. — kişi ladylike woman, hav nap, pile (of cloth), hava 1. air, atmosphere. 2. weather. 3. climate.
   4. the sky. 5. law air rights. 6. wind, breeze.
   7. melody, tune, air. 8. mus. pitch of a note.
   9. colloq. one’s pleasure, whim; mood, humor, state of mind. 10. colloq. atmosphere, prevailing emotional state. 11. colloq. style, style of expression. 12. environment, social environment. 13. colloq. nothing, bosh. 14. colloq. airs, affectation, —dan colloq. 1. free, for nothing, without any effort, as a windfall, out of the blue. 2. empty, worthless.
   —ya 1. upward, up. 2. colloq. uselessly, to no avail, in vain. — açmak/açılmak for the sky to clear. — akımı draft, draught, current of air in an enclosed space. — akını air raid, air attack. — almak 1. to breathe fresh air.
   2. to absorb air, take in air. 3. slang to end up getting nothing, go home empty-handed.
   —  atışı basketball jump ball. — atmak slang 1. to put on airs. 2. to speak claptrap.
   —  basıncı atmospheric pressure. — basmak
   1. /a/ to blow up, inflate. 2. slang to give
   0.s. airs, blow o.s. up. 3. slang to speak claptrap. — boşaltma makinesi vacuum pump.
   —  boşluğu 1. air pocket, air hole, downdraft as felt in an airplane. 2. air shaft, air well (in a building). — bozmak for the weather to turn stormy /rainy. — yı bozmak colloq. to dampen the spirits of a group. — bulanmak for the weather to turn rainy. — smı bulmak colloq. to begin to feel happy, get into a good mood. — cereyanı see hava akımı. — çarpmak h! colloq. for the wind/the weather to affect (s.o.), cause (s.o.) discomfort. — çekici pneumatic hammer, air hammer. — değişimi
   1.  change of air, moving to another climate for medical reasons. 2. change in the weather; climatic change. — değiştirmek to move to another climate for medical reasons. — deliği 1. ventilation hole. 2. ventilation conduit (in a building). — durumu weather conditions. — düzenleyicisi air conditioner. — fena esmek colloq. for things to be going badly. — filosu air fleet. — freni air brake, pneumatic brake. — geçirmez airtight, airproof, hermetically sealed. — gemisi airship, dirigible. — ya gitmek colloq. to be in vain, be wasted. — nm gözü yaşlı olmak colloq. to threaten rain. — haznesi mech. air chamber. (birine göre) — hoş olmak colloq. (for s.t.) not to matter (to s.o.). — hukuku air law. — iyi esmek colloq. for things to be going well. — kabarcığı air bubble, bubble.
   —  kaçırmak to lose air. —da kalmak 1. to be up too high. 2. colloq. to be up in the air, be left in suspense, not to come to a conclusion. 3. colloq. to be left unsupported/unproved. — kanalı air conduit. — kapağı air valve. — kapanmak for the sky to be overcast. — kararmak 1. for night to fall; to
    get dark. 2. for the sky to become heavily overcast, for the sky to get dark. — kesesi zool. 1. air bladder, gas bladder, swim bladder. 2. air sac (in birds and insects). — keşfi mil. air reconnaissance. — ya kılıç sallamak colloq. to waste one’s energy. — kırılmak colloq. for cold weather to break; for weather to begin to warm up. — kirliliği/kirlenmesi air pollution. — korsanı skyjacker, air pirate.
   —   köprüsü airlift. — kuvvetleri air force.
   —   meydanı airfield, landing field; airport, —sı olmak colloq. (for s.o.) to have a warm, attractive personality, (birinde bir kimsenin) —sı olmak colloq. to have something about (him/her) which reminds one of (s.o. pise), resemble (s.o.). — oyunu futures, speculative trading in futures. — ya pala sallamak colloq., see havaya kılıç sallamak. — parası
   1.  key money, cash payment demanded of a new renter before he/she takes possession.
   2.  money paid beyond what can be shown on a receipt. — patlamak colloq. for a storm to break. — payı margin of safety. — raporu weather report. — ya savurmak hi 1. to throw (s.t.) up into the air. 2. colloq. to spend (money) foolishly, throw (money) to the winds. — sıkmak slang to be a bore; to be a pain, —dan sudan colloq. 1. at random, randomly. 2. random, of a random nature.
   —   tahmini weather forecast. — tahmin raporu weather report. — tebdili change of climate (necessitated by ill health). — ya uçmak to be blown up, be blown şky-high.
   —ya uçurmak hi to blow (s.t.) up. —sma uynfak Iml colloq. to adapt o.s. to, fit in with. — üssü air base. — vermek /a/ 1. to put air in; to fill (s.t.) with air. 2. to aerate (s.o.’s lungs). (...) —sı vermek /a/ colloq. to give (s.o./s.t.) (a certain) air: Hande kendine hippi havası vermek istiyor. Hande wants to give herself a hippie air. — smı vermek /in/ colloq. to let one breathe the atmosphere of; to cause one to feel the temper or spirit of. — ya vermek hi colloq. to spend (money) in vain; to throw (money) to the winds. — yapmak colloq. to show off. — yutma aerophagia.
havaalanı, -m (./...) airfield; landing field; airport.
havaalti, -m (./..) geol. subaerial.
havabilgisi, -ni (./...) meteorology.
havacı 1. airman; aviator; aircrewman. 2. mil.
   member of an air force, havacılık 1. airmanship. 2. aviation, flying. 3.
   aeronautics, flying, havacıva (../.) 1. bot. alkanet, Alkanna tinctoria.
   2.     colloq. useless, trivial. 3. colloq. nonsense, stuff and nonsense, bosh, havadar airy, well-ventilated; pleasantly breezy, havadarlık airiness; breeziness, havadeğişimi, -ni (./....) change of climate (necessitated by ill health), havadis (.—.) 1. (noteworthy) piece of news,
havagazı
 372
havlı
    news. 2. formerly events, happenings, havagazı, -m (./..) 1. (coal) gas (piped into buildings). 2. slang nonsense, empty talk, wind, bull. — sayacı gas meter.
Havai (.—'.) 1. Hawaii. 2. Hawaiian, of Hawaii.
havai (.-------) 1. aerial. 2. sky-blue. 3. flighty;
    irresponsible. 4. nonsensical, meaningless. 5. slang loaded dice. — fişek 1. skyrocket, rocket. 2. flare (used to signal/illuminate).
    —  hat 1. overhead conveyor. 2. telephone/ telegraph line (parallel to a railroad). 3. telpher, telfer, teleferic. — mavi 1. sky blue.
    2.     sky-blue. — sözler idle talk, empty words. Havaice (.— /.) 1. Hawaiian, the Hawaiian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Hawaiian, Hawaiian. 3. Hawaiian (speech/writing); spoken in Hawaiian; written in Hawaiian.
Havaili (.—'..) 1. (a) Hawaiian. 2. Hawaiian (person).
havailik (.— —.) flightiness; irresponsibility, havaiyat, -ti (.—..) obs. trifles; nonsense, havakmak prov. (for a wound) to become inflamed.
havakiire (./..) 1. atmosphere. 2. an atmosphere (unit of pressure), havalandırıcı ventilator, ventilating device, havalandırma 1. airing, aeration, ventilation. 2. air-conditioning. 3. colloq. air conditioner.
    —  havuzu aeration basin. — tankı aeration tank. — tertibatı air conditioner.
havalandırmak /ı/ 1. to air, ventilate. 2. to take (an aircraft) up into the air. 3. to make (a kite) catch the wind. 4. to make (a bird) fly away. 5. colloq. to make (s.o.) restless. 6. colloq. to cause (s.o.) to become frivolous and irresponsible, havalandırmalı colloq. air-conditioned, havalanmak 1. to be aired, be ventilated. 2. (for an aircraft) to take off, become airborne.
    3. (for a kite) to catch the wind. 4. (for a bird) to take wing, fly away. 5. colloq. to become restless. 6. colloq. to become frivolous and irresponsible.
havale (.—.) 1. assignment, referral (of a matter to another person/office). 2. money order.
    3.    path, infantile convulsions; eclampsia. 4. board fence, Brit, hoarding (screening a building site). 5. (s.t.’s) being situated so that it overlooks or looks out on (s.t. else). 6. (s.t.’s) being too high. — etmek /ı, a/ 1. to assign/transfer/endorse (s.t.) over to (another). 2. to refer (a matter) to (another person/ department). — gelmek 1. for a money order to come. 2. path, to have convulsions; to have an attack of eclampsia. — göndermek/ yollamak to send a money order, havaleli (.— ..) 1. top-heavy. 2. unwieldy, bulky.
    3. screened with a board fence. 4. situated so that it overlooks or looks out on (another place). 5. (ship) which rides too high above the water. 6. prone to having convulsions; eclamptic.
havalename (.— .—.) obs. money order, havalı 1. having (a specified kind of) weather.
   2.    airy, well-ventilated. 3. colloq. (s.o.) who has a distinct and intriguing manner, who has style. 4. colloq. unable to buckle down to work, restless. 5. pneumatic. — ışmçekim med. pneumography, X-raying a body cavity after injecting air into it. — korna/klakson air horn, pneumatic horn. — süspansiyon air suspension, havalik vent stack, soil ventilation pipe, havali (.—.) neighborhood, vicinity, environs, havalimanı, -ni (./...) airport, havan 1. mortar (for pounding). 2. formerly a machine for shredding tobacco. — dövücü-nün hınk deyicisi colloq. one who hangs around and pretends to be helpful, —da su dövmek colloq. to do something that gets one nowhere; to be engaged in useless and profitless activities. — topu mil. mortar, trench mortar, havana (.—1. Havana (cigar made from Cuban tobacco). 2. Havana brown, Bismarck brown, bunny. 3. Havana brown in color, Havana brown, havaneli, -ni (./..) pestle, havaölçer (./..) 1. barometer. 2. aerometer, havari (.—.) 1. disciple, apostle. 2. assistant, havariyun (.— .—) obs. disciples.
^avas (.—) obs. 1. properties, attributes. 2. the elite. 3. the upper classes.
2havas (.—) obs. the senses. — ı hamse the five senses.
havasal aerial. — perspektif phot, aerial perspective. — sis phot, aerial fog. havasız 1. airless. 2. stuffy, badly ventilated, close. 3. colloq. styleless. havasızlık 1. airlessness. 2. lack of ventilation, closeness.
havasızyaşar (../..) biol. 1. anaerobe, anaero-bion, anaerobium. 2. anaerobic (organism), havasızyaşarlık (../...) biol. anaerobiosis. havataşı, -m (..'..) astr. aerolite, aerolith. Havayen (.—.) obs., see Havaili, havayic (.—.) obs. needs, requirements. —i zaruriye indispensable needs, absolute necessities.
havayolu, -nu (./..) airline, airway. — ile by air.
havayuvari, -ni (./...) atmosphere.
have mining 1. working face, face, breast. 2.
   shaft, haver slang partner.
havhav 1. child’s language doggie, bowwow.
   2.    barking; baying; bark; bay. 3. Bow wow!/ Woof woof! hav hav (/ .) Bow wow!/Woof woof!
havi (------) h! containing, including. — olmak
   hi to contain, include, havil, -vli fear: can havliyle fearing for one’s life.
havlamak to bark, bay.
havlı 1. (s.t.) which has a nap/a pile; napped,
havlıcan
 373
*hayat
   piled. 2. (s.t.) which has a thick nap/pile.
   3.    see ^avlu. havlıcan 1. galangal, galingale. 2. bot. the ga-langal plant, Mpinia officinalis.
!havlu towel.
2havluprov. 1. court, courtyard. 2. hall, corridor, havlucu maker/seller of towels, havluculuk making/selling towels, havluluk 1. towel rack. 2. towel cupboard. 3. toweling.
havöz coal cutter, coal-cutting machine, havra (/.) 1. synagogue. 2. off. noisy place, havruz obs. chamber pot. havsala 1. intelligence, comprehension. 2. obs., anat. pelvis, pelvic cavity. — sı almamak hi not to be able to believe (s.t.). —sı geniş tolerant, broad-minded, —sına sığmamak Iml 1. to be beyond one’s ken, not to be able to understand. 2. not to believe that (s.t.) is possible, to be hard (for s.o.) to believe. 3. to find (s.t.) unacceptable, havşa countersink/counterbore (enlargement at the end of a hole). — açmak /da or a/ to countersink; to counterbore. — matkabı fraise; countersink; counterbore, havuç 1. bot. carrot, Daucus carota. 2. geol., mining core (sample removed for analysis), havut camel’s packsaddle. havuz 1. (man-made) basin/pool. 2. dry dock, —a çekmek /ı/ to put (a ship) into dry dock, dry-dock. —a girmek to go into dry dock, havuzbalığı, -m (./...) zool. goldfish, Cyprinus auratus/Carassius auratus. havuzcuk anat. pelvis of the kidney, renal pelvis, pelvis renalis. havuzlamak /ı/ to put (a ship) into dry dock, dry-dock.
havuzlanmak to be put into dry dock, be dry -docked.
Havva (.—) Eve. havya (/.) soldering iron, havyar caviar. — kesmek slang to idle around, loiter.
havza 1. river basin, catchment basin, drainage area. 2. geol. basin, hay What a ...! — Allah! colloq. My God! — anasını! slang What a pity! —dan gelen huya gider (selden gelen suya gider), proverb Easy come, easy go. — hay! colloq. By all means!/Certainly! — hayı gitmek/gidip vay vayı kalmak colloq. to get old and lose one’s vim and vigor, hayâ (.—) shame; modesty, bashfulness, haya anat. testicle, testis, hayal, -li 1. imagined thing, vision, fancy; fantasy; dream; daydream. 2. imagination. 3. image, reflection. 4. shadow, an indistinct image. 5. ghost, vision, apparition. 6. flat figure used in a shadow show. 7. shadow show. — e dalmak to daydream. — etmek III to imagine, —inden geçirmek hi to dream of, think of. — gibi colloq. 1. like a dream.
   2. very thin (person). — gücü imagination,
   imaginative power. — i ham obs. impossible scheme, wild idea. — e kapılmak to be carried away by one’s imaginings, let one’s imagination run away with one. — kırıklığı disappointment. — kırıklığına uğramak to be disappointed. — kırıklığına uğratmak hi to disappoint. — kurmak to dream dreams, build castles in the air. — mahsulü figment of the imagination. — meyal vaguely, indistinctly. — olmak to be realized only in one’s imagination, turn out to be nothing more than a dream. — oyunu shadow show, shadow play. — peşinde koşmak colloq. to chase a rainbow, chase a will-o’-the-wisp, hayalat, -ti (.— —) obs. 1. imagined things, visions, fancies; fantasies; dreams; daydreams. 2. images, reflections. 3. shadows, indistinct images. 4. ghosts, visions, apparitions .
hayalci 1. fantast, dreamer, castle-builder, builder of castles in the air. 2. puppeteer (of a shadow show). 3. inclined to fantasize, dreamy.
hayalet, -ti (.—.) 1. ghost, vision, apparition.
   2.    shadowy figure, ghostlike shape, hayalhane (..—.) colloq. imagination, imaginative power.
hayâlı (.—.) bashful, shy. hayali (.— —) 1. imaginary, fantastic. 2. puppeteer (of a shadow show), hayalifener (.—'...) 1. obs. magic lantern. 2. colloq. very thin, skin and bones. —e dönmek colloq. to become nothing but skin and bones.
hayalperest, -ti 1. fantast, dreamer, castle-builder, builder of castles in the air. 2 inclined to fantasize, dreamy, hayalperestlik 1. fantasizing, dreaming, castle -building. 2. dreaminess, hayâsız (.—.) shameless, brazen, hayâsızca (.—.'.) shamelessly, brazenly, hayâsızlık (.— ..) shamelessness, brazenness, ^ıayat, -ti 1. life; course of existence; state of existence (as a human being). 2. life, lifetime.
   3. life, life story, biography. — ım colloq. my dear, my love, my darling. — adamı colloq. man of the world. — arkadaşı spouse, —a atılmak colloq. to begin to make a living, begin to earn money. — m baharı colloq. the prime of life. — bilgisi a primary-school course in natural science and social studies, —mı borçlu olmak /a/ colloq. to owe one’s life to. — ma doymamak colloq. not to taste life to the full, not to experience all that life has to offer. — geçirmek colloq. to spend one’s life. — ına girmek Iml colloq. to come into (one’s) life, become a part of (one-’s) life, —a gözlerini yummak/kapamak colloq. to die. — hikâyesi 1. life story, life, biography. 2. brief history of someone’s life, curriculum vitae. — kadını colloq. prostitute, whore. — kavgası colloq., see hayat mücadelesi. —ı kaymak slang to be ruined,
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    lose everything. — ını kazanmak colloq. to earn one’s living. —a küsmek colloq. to be weary of life, be fed up with it all. — memat meselesi colloq. a matter of life and death, vitally important matter. — mücadelesi colloq. the struggle to earn a living. — ta olmak to be alive, be living. — pahalılığı high cost of living. — sigortası life insurance, Brit. life assurance. — tarzı lifestyle, way of life.
    —  vermek /a/ 1. to enliven, liven up. 2. to give life to (s.t.), bring (s.t.) to life, —mi yaşamak colloq. 1. to live as one’s heart desires. 2. to live the life of Riley.
                                                                   2hayat, -ti 1. porch, veranda. 2. courtyard (of a house). 3. prov. balcony, hayatağacı, -m (./...) 1. anat. arbor vitae, arbor-vitae. 2. family tree, genealogical tree. 3. bot. arborvitae, white cedar, Thuja occidentalis. hayati (.— —) 1. vital, pertaining to life. 2.
    vital, extremely important, hayatiyat, -ti (.— .—) obs. biology, hayatiye (.— ..) obs., phil., biol. vitalism, hayatiyet, -ti (.— ..) vitality, vigor, hayatli (building) which has a porch, porched. hayattar (..—) obs. living, alive, haybeci slang sucker, person singled out to be swindled, haybeden slang free, for nothing, hayda 1. Giddap! 2. (.—) What on earth! haydalamak hi 1. prov. to drive (an animal) (by shouting hayda). 2. slang to get rid of (s.o.). 3. slang to fire, give (s.o.) the sack, sack, Brit, give (s.o.) the push, haydarî (.— —) a sleeveless jacket (worn by dervishes). — yaka V neck, haydari (.—.) a spread of yogurt seasoned with garlic.
haydariye (.— ..) a sleeveless jacket (worn by dervishes), hay deri (..—) see haydarî. hay deriye see haydariye. haydi (/.) 1. Come on! (used to spur s.o. on): Haydi Ayşin! Come on Ayşin! 2. All right, OK: Haydi istediğin şekilde yapalım. OK, let’s do it your way. 3. OK, let’s say ... (used when estimating): Kahire buradan haydi yüz kilometre olsun. OK, let’s say Cairo is one hundred kilometers away. 4. Come off it!/Nonsense!: Haydi oradan, bana madik atamazsın! Listen man, you can’t feed me that! 5. OK, so ... (but) ...!: Haydi gelemedi, bari bir telefon edeydi! OK, so he was unable to come; at least he could have telephoned! 6. The only thing to do is ...: Seller basınca biz haydi dama. Whenever it floods, we’ve no choice but to take to the roof. — bakalım! colloq. Come on then!/ Hurry up! — canım sen de! colloq. Who do you think you’re kidding?/Don’t feed me that bull! — gidelim! Come on, let’s go! — git! colloq. Get going!/Push off!/Off with you now! H— haydi! colloq. 1. Who do you think you’re fooling? 2. Cut it short!/Don’t
   prolong things!/Don’t drag it out! — haydi colloq. 1. easily, with no trouble whatsoever: Biz bunu haydi haydi yaparız. We’ll do this with no trouble whatsoever. 2. at the most, at most: Bu kütüphane haydi haydi yüz kitap alır. This bookcase will hold one hundred books at the most. — oradan! colloq.
   1.     Get moving!/Move it! 2. Who do you think you’re kidding? haydin (/.) colloq. 1. Come on, you people, get a move on! {said to a group). 2. Come on! {used to spur s.o. on). 3. All right, OK. haydindi (/..) prov. Hurry up!/Come along! haydisene (../.) colloq. Come on, will you? haydut 1. bandit, brigand, robber. 2. colloq. little devil, little dickens. — gibi colloq. 1. big and fierce-looking, brigandish. 2. naughty, mischievous. — yatağı brigands’ den, robbers’ roost.
haydutlaşmak to start behaving like a roughneck.
haydutluk 1. being a bandit. 2. banditry. — etmek 1. to engage in banditry. 2. colloq. (for a child) to misbehave, hayhay (/.) By all means !/Certainly! hayhuy 1. clamor, din, hullabaloo. 2. fruitless struggle.
hayıf, -yfı obs. 1. injustice; cruelty. 2. regret, sorrow, pity. 3. Alas!/What a pity! hayıflanmak /a/ 1. to feel sorry for. 2. to bemoan.
*hayir (/.) no {a negative answer). — demek to say no.
2hayır, -yn 1. good (as opposed to evil), good deeds. 2. benefit, use: Kâmil’in kimseye hayrı yok. Kâmil’s never done anybody a good turn. 3. good, auspicious, favorable. H—lar! colloq. All’s well!/Fine! {said as a reply), —a alamet a good sign, an auspicious sign, —la anmak hi to remember (s.o.) with gratitude. — beklememek /dan/ 1. not to expect any favorable results from. 2. not to expect any favor from. — dile eşine/komşuna, hayır gele başına, proverb Desire the welfare of others, that you too may prosper, —i dokunmak /a/ to be of use (to), be a help (to), —a dönmek to turn out well. — etmemek 1. /a/ to do (s.o.) no good. 2. /a/ to be of no use to (s.o.). 3. to be of no good to anyone. — gelmemek /dan, a/ to be of no help (to); to be of no use (to); not to benefit (s.o.). — getirmemek /a/ to be of no help (to); to be of no use (to); not to benefit (s.o.). —ını gör! colloq. 1. May it bring you luck! 2. Well, I wish you luck with it! {said sarcastically), —mı görmek Iml to benefit from. — görmemek /dan/ not to be of any benefit to. —mı görmemek Iml not to be of any help to; not to be of any benefit to. —dır inşallah! colloq. 1.1 hope nothing’s wrong!/Nothing wrong, I hope! 2. What on earth is this? 3. I hope this doesn’t mean something bad’s going to happen! {said of a
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   dream). — işlemek to do good, do good works, help others. — işleri charities, philanthropic activities. — kalmamak /da/ colloq. not to be good for anything, be worn out, be shot, have had it: Bu ütüde hayır kalmadı. This iron’s shot, —a karşı in the hope that it will turn out well. — kurumu philanthropic institution, charitable foundation. — ola! colloq. Nothing wrong, I hope!/
   I hope nothing’s wrong! — sahibi philanthropist. —la yâd etmek III to remember (s.o.) with gratitude. — yok. colloq. 1. /dan/ He’s/She’s/It’s of no help/benefit.: Uğur’dan size hayır yok. Uğur will do you no good.
   Bu sistemden bize hayır yok. This system won’t help us. 2. /da/ It’s/He’s/She’s not good for any thing./It/He/She has had it.: Arabamızda hayır yok. Our car has had it.
   —a yormak hi to interpret (a dream) favorably; to regard (an omen) as auspicious, hayırdua (...—) prayer invoking God’s favor, blessing. — smı almak Iml to receive (s.o.’s) blessing. — etmek /a/ to invoke God’s favor upon, pray God’s blessing upon, bless, hayırhah obs. benevolent, kindly.
hayirhahi (..------) obs., see hayırhahlık.
hayırhahlık obs. 1. benevolence. 2. act of kindness.
hayırlaşmak to wish each other well (after concluding a piece of business), hayırlı 1. good; beneficial. 2. dutiful, caring.
   3.  auspicious, favorable, —si. colloq. Let’s hope for the best. — evlat dutiful child. — evlat neylesin malı, hayırsız evlat neylesin malı, proverb (What can a good son do with the property? And what can a bad son do?)
   A person who will be successful in his/her own right does not need an inheritance, and one who will not be successful will lose any inheritance he/she gets, —si ile colloq. without difficulty, without a hitch, without a snag:
   Bu iş hayırlısı ile bir bitsin bayram edeceğiz. If we can finish this job without a snag, we’ll really celebrate. — komşu, hayırsız akrabadan iyidir, proverb A good neighbor is better than an indifferent relative. — olsun. Good luck ./Congratulations ./May it go well.
   —sı olsun, colloq. Let’s hope for the best.
   —      yolculuklar. Have a good trip, hayırperver obs., see hayırsever, hayırsever philanthropic, charitable, hayırsız 1. (s.o.) who has never done one a good turn. 2. undutiful, uncaring. 3. useless, good-for-nothing.
Hayırsız Ada one of the Princes’ Islands near Istanbul (the ancient Oxeia). hayırsızlık 1. uselessness. 2. unfaithfulness, hayit bot. chaste tree, agnus castus, hemp tree, monk’s pepper tree, Vitex agnus-castus. hayız, -yzi obs. menstruation. — görmek to menstruate.
hayide (— —.) obs. 1. hackneyed; stale. 2. chewed.
                                                                                                  haysiyet
haykırı 1. shout. 2. gram, exclamation, interjection.
haykırış 1. shouting, shout. 2. way of shouting, haykırışmak to shout together, haykırmak to shout, haykırtı shouting, shout, haykırtılı loud, very audible, haykırtmak hi 1. to cause (s.o.) to shout. 2. to allow (s.o.) to shout, haylamak hi 1. colloq. to drive (an animal) (by shouting hay, huy). 2. slang to pay attention to (used in negative sense): Dediklerimi hayladığı yok. He doesn’t pay any attention to what I say. haylaz 1. lazy and idle, shiftless, trifling. 2.
    idler, do-nothing, trifler. haylazlaşmak to become lazy and idle, become shiftless, become trifling, haylazlık 1. shiftlessness, triflingness. 2. idling, trifling. — etmek to loaf, trifle, idle, hayli (/.) 1. many; much. 2. very. 3. frequently, a lot. —den hayliye/hayli colloq. a lot, really: Almancası hayliden hayliye gelişti. His German has really improved, haylice (/..) 1. rather many, a fair number of; rather much, a fair amount of. 2. rather. 3. fairly frequently; rather a lot. haylulet, -ti (.—.) obs. intervention, interposition. — etmek to intervene, interpose, haym village; place of residence (used by Turks living in Germany). haymana pasture, grazing place. — beygiri gibi dolaşmak colloq. to wander about aimlessly, trifle about, idle about. — öküzü/mandası colloq. big and lazy person, lummox, haymatlos stateless, haymatlosluk statelessness, hayran 1. filled with admiration. 2. admirer; fan. — olmak/kalmak /a/ 1. to be filled with admiration (for). 2. to wonder at, marvel at. hayranlık wondering admiration, hayrat, -ti 1. good deeds, good works; charitable acts. 2. fountain, school, mosque, or other building erected as a pious act. hayret, -ti amazement, astonishment, surprise. H—! colloq. Amazing !/Can you beat that?/ Wow! — te bırakmak hi to amaze, astonish. H— bir şey! colloq. Amazing!/Can you beat that?/Wow! —e düşmek to be amazed, be astonished. — etmek /a/ to be amazed (at), be astonished (at). —te kalmak to be amazed, be astonished, hayri (.—) obs. 1. good; beneficial. 2. auspicious, favorable. — gaye law charitable purpose.
hayrola (/..) colloq. Nothing wrong, I hope!/ I hope nothing’s wrong! hayriilhalef obs. worthy successor, haysiyet, -ti 1. self-respect, self-esteem, amour propre, dignity, pride. 2. honor; good name; integrity. — divanı discipline committee, —ine dokunmak Iml to touch (s.o.’s) self -respect, wound (s.o.’s) pride.
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haysiyetiyle obs. because of, on account of, owing to.
haysiyetli 1. self-respecting, (s.o.) who has personal pride. 2. honorable, haysiyetsiz 1. (s.o.) who lacks self-respect. 2.
   dishonorable, haysiyetsizlik 1. lack of self-respect. 2. lack of honor, dishonorableness, hayta (/.) colloq. 1. (a) goof-off; (a) ne’er-do -well, (a) good-for-nothing, (a) no-count. 2. (s.o.) who is a goof-off; ne’er-do-well, good -for-nothing, no-count, haytalık (/..) colloq. 1. being a goof-off; being a ne’er-do-well. 2. goofing off; no-count behavior. — etmek to goof off; to lead a shiftless life, hayvan 1. animal. 2. horse; mount; pack animal. 3. colloq. disgusting person, swine; unmannerly person, rude *bastard; slob, uncouth *son-of-a-bitch. 4. colloq. disgusting, swinish; rude; crude, uncouth. — alım satımı livestock market. — gibi 1. animallike. 2. in an animallike way. 3. colloq. swinishly; rudely; crudely, uncouthly. — kabartmalı friz zoophorus, zophorus. — kliniği veterinary clinic. — koklaşa koklaşa, insan konuşa konuşa (söyleşe söyleşe). proverb (Animals get acquainted by sniffing, people by talking.) People communicate best face to face. — panayırı cattle fair, stock fair. — vagonu rail, stockcar. — yularından, insan ikrarından/sözünden tutulur, proverb Animals are governed by their reins, people by their promises, hayvanat, -ti 1. obs. animals. 2. obs. zoology.
   —     bahçesi zoological garden, zoo. hayvanbilim (./..) zoology, hayvanbilimci (./...) zoologist, hayvanca (./.) 1. animallike. 2. in an animallike way. 3. colloq. swinishly; rudely; crudely, uncouthly. hayvancasına (./...) 1. in a very animallike way.
   2.    colloq. very swinishly; very rudely; very crudely, very uncouthly. hayvancık 1. little animal, small animal. 2. animalcule.
hayvancılık 1. stock raising, raising livestock.
   2.    buying and selling of animals, hayvani (.— —) pertaining to an animal, animal; bestial. — yağlar animal fats, hayvaniyet, -ti (.— ..) obs. 1. animality, being an animal. 2. the animal kingdom. 3. colloq. bestial side (of a person), hayvankömîirü, -nü (./...) animal charcoal, boneblack.
hayvanlaşmak to become swinish, become brutish:. to become rude; to become crude, become uncouth, hayranlık 1. animality, being an animal. 2. col-jpq. bestial side (of a person). 3. colloq. fswinishness; rudeness; crudeness, uncouthness. — etmek colloq. to behave swinishly; to behave rudely; to behave uncouthly.
hayvansal pertaining to an animal, animal; bestial. — tutkal animal glue. — yağlar animal fats.
haz, -zzi pleasure, delight, enjoyment. — duymak /dan/ to enjoy, get pleasure from. — ilkesi the pleasure principle, haza —) colloq. perfect, complete, out-and -out: haza beyefendi a perfect gentleman, haza sersem an out-and-out idiot, hazakat, -ti (.-—.) obs. expertness, expertise (in medicine).
hazakatli (.— ..) obs. highly skilled, expert (medical doctor), hazan obs. autumn, fall.
Hazar (/.) 1. the Khazar people, the Khazar, the Khozar, the Chazar. 2. (a) Khazar, (a) Khozar. — Denizi the Caspian Sea.
^ıazar peace.
2hazar see hızar.
Hazarca (./.) 1. Khazar, the Khazar language.
    2.    (speaking/writing) in Khazar, Khazar. 3. spoken in Khazar; written in Khazar. hazari (..—) obs. peacetime, pertaining to a time of peace, hazcı phil. 1. hedonistic. 2. (a) hedonist, hazcılık phil. hedonism, hazer obs. caution, wariness; circumspection.
    —  etmek /dan/ to beware, be wary (of); to be on one’s guard (against).
                                                                  hazf, -fi obs. 1. getting rid of, elimination; deletion; elision. 2. gram, ellipsis. — etmek hi see hazfetmek. — ü takdir gram, ellipsis, hazfetmek (/..) hi obs. to get rid of, eliminate;
    to delete; to elide, hazık, -ki (—.) obs. highly skilled, expert (medical doctor), hâzini (—.) obs. digestive, promoting digestion, hazım, -zmi digestion. — cihazı digestive system.
hazımlı colloq. (s.o.) who is not easily offended, who can put up with a lot. hazımsız 1. (s.o.) who suffers from indigestion, dyspeptic. 2. colloq. (s.o.) who is easily offended, touchy, hazımsızlık 1. indigestion, dyspepsia. 2. colloq. touchiness.
hazır 1. ready, prepared. 2. present, in attendance, attending. 3. ready-made. 4. ready-to -wear. 5. now that (the opportunity has presented itself), seeing that, since: Hazır fırsat çıkmışken bunu yapalım. As the opportunity is at hand, let’s get this done, —da on hand, available: Hazırda ne varsa çorbayı onlardan yapalım. Let’s make the soup out of whatever happens to be on hand. — almak hi to buy (s.t.) ready-made. — beton ready-mixed concrete. — beton blok precast concrete block. — bulunmak 1. /da/ to be present (at). 2. to be ready, —a dağlar dayanmaz. proverb You can’t live off your capital indefinitely, no matter how large it may be. — etmek hi to prepare, get (s.t.) ready.
    —  evin has kadını colloq. someone who
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   appears on the scene and reaps all the benefits without having done anything to deserve them. — giyim ready-made clothing. — giyimci seller of ready-made clothing __a konmak colloq. to come into possession of something which someone else has labored to produce. — mezarın ölüsü, colloq. He/She expects everything to be handed to him/her on a silver platter. — ol! mil. Attention! —* ol duruşu mil. attention. — yemek fast food, —dan yemek colloq. to live off one’s capital. — yiyici colloq A. someone who lives off his/her capital. 2. (s.o.) who lives off his/her capital, hazırcevap good at making quick replies/retorts, hazırcevaplık quickness in replying/retorting, hazırcı 1. seller of ready-made clothing. 2. colloq. one who expects everything to be handed to him/her on a silver platter, hazırcılık colloq. expecting everything to be handed to one on a silver platter, hazırlama preparation.
hazırlamak /ı/ to prepare, get (s.o./s.t.) ready, ready.
hazırlanmak 1. to get ready, get o.s. ready, prepare o.s. 2. to be made ready, be readied, be prepared, hazırlatmak 1. /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) prepare (s.t.).
   2. /i, a/ to allow (s.o.) to prepare (s.t.). 3. hi to have (s.t.) prepared, have (s.t.) made ready.
hazırlayıcı preparer.
hazırlık preparations. — görmek to get things ready; to get the (necessary) supplies. — sınıfı the preparatory year (in certain schools and universities a year devoted mainly to the study of a foreign language). — soruşturması/tahkikatı law preliminary criminal proceeding, preliminary investigations. — yapmak to make preparations, prepare, hazırlıklı 1. (s.o.) whose preparations have been completed, prepared, ready: Biz henüz hazırlıklı değiliz. Our preparations have not yet finished. 2. prepared in advance: hazırhkli bir nutuk a speech which was prepared in advance. 3. after having made preparations in advance: Fikri her zaman hazırlıklı konuşur. Fikri always gives speeches that he’s prepared in advance, hazırlıksız 1. (s.o.) who has made no preparations, unprepared, unready. 2. extemporaneous, extempore, impromptu. 3. extemporaneously, extempore, hazırlop, -pu 1. hard-boiled (egg). 2. colloq.
   gotten without effort, hazin sad, pathetic; touching, moving, hazine (.—.) 1. treasure. 2. treasury, strongroom.
   3. treasure trove. 4. national treasury. 5. colloq. treasure, much-valued person/thing.
   6. storage place, depot; cistern. 7. obs., anat. uterus, womb. — bonosu treasury bill. — tahvilleri treasury bonds.
hazinedar (.—.—) hist., see haznedar, hazinedarlık (.— ...) hist., see haznedarlik.
                                                                                                         heceli
haziran (.—.) June.
haziranböceği, -ni (.—/...) zool. June beetle, June bug, Phyllopertha. hazire (.—.) 1. grave surrounded by a wall/a fence. 2. obs. sheepfold; cattle pen. haziz (.—) obs., astr. 1. perihelion. 2. perigee.
    —i arz perigee. — i şems perihelion, hazmetmek (/..) hi 1. to digest. 2. to stomach, endure (s.t.). hazmi (.—) obs. digestive, pertaining to digestion.
                                hazne 1. treasure. 2. (water) reservoir. 3. reservoir, depot. 4. obs., anat. uterus, womb, haznedar hist, keeper of a treasury, treasurer, haznedarlik hist, being the keeper of a treasury.
hazret, -ti 1. When used in the singular in a Persian izafet construction it becomes a,title for God, or for important religious figures, or for a sacred or esteemed book: Hazret-i Kuran the Holy Koran. Hazret-i Muhammet the Prophet Muhammad. Hazret-i Musa the Prophet Moses. 2. When used in a Turkish izafet construction it becomes a title for secular personages: Kraliçe Hazretleri Her Majesty the Queen. Dük Hazretleri His Grace the Duke. 3. used without a qualifying noun to refer to a venerated or important figure: Hazretin türbesi burada. The tomb of the Holy Man is here. Hazretin odasına çıktım. I went up to his Excellency’s room. 4. his nibs, high cockalorum (used sarcastically): Hazreti gördün mü? Have you seen his nibs? 5. colloq. chief, boss, Brit, governor (used as a jocular form of address): Nereye hazret? Where are you off to, governor? —i Nuh’tan kalma colloq. 1. very old, ancient, (s.t.) which came out of the Ark. 2. very antiquated; very out-of-date, hazzetmek (/..) /dan/ to like, enjoy, take pleasure in.
He chem. He (helium).
he prov. yes, yea, yeah. — demek prov. to agree, accept, consent. — mi? prov. OK?/Is that OK?
                                                                heba (.—) waste, loss. — etmek h! to waste.
    —      olmak (—ya gitmek) to be wasted, go for nothing, hebefreni psych, hebephrenia, hebenneka fool who thinks himself/herself wise; idiot, fool.
Hebrit Adaları, -ni (/.) the Hebrides, heccav obs. satirist; lampooner, hece syllable. — ölçüsü/vezni poet, syllabic meter. — yutumu phon. elision of a syllable, elision.
hececi 1. poet who prefers to use syllabic meter (as opposed to the quantitative meter known as aruz). 2. (poet) who prefers to use syllabic meter.
hecelemek hi to read/pronounce (a word) syllable by syllable, heceli of (so many) syllables: iki heceli bir
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    sözcük a two-syliable word, hecin zool. dromedary, Camelus dromedarius. hecinsüvar (...—) obs. member of a camel corps, camel corpsman, cameleer, hedef 1. target, mark. 2. object, aim, goal. — almak h/ 1. to take aim at. 2. to aim at (doing s.t.), aim to (do s.t.). — disk comp. target disk. — olmak /a/ to be the butt of (s.t. unpleasant). — program comp, target program. — sürücü comp, target drive, hedeflemek III to aim to (do s.t.). heder waste, loss. — etmek h! to waste. — olmak to come to nothing, come to naught, hedik prov. boiled wheat, hediye 1. gift, present. 2. price (of a sacred book). — etmek hi to make a present of; to give (s.t.) as a gift, hediyelik suitable to be used as a present, hedmetmek (/..) hi obs. to tear down, pull down, demolish, destroy, hedonist, -ti phil. 1. (a) hedonist. 2. hedonistic, hedonizm phil. hedonism.
Hegelci phil. 1. (a) Hegelian. 2. Hegelian. Hegelcilik phil. Hegelianism, hegemonya (../.) hegemony, hekim physician, doctor of medicine, —den sorma, çekenden sor. proverb (Ask the patient how he/she feels; don’t ask the doctor.) It’s the one who is suffering that really knows about the pain. — siz, hâkimsiz memlekette oturma, proverb Don’t live where there are neither doctors nor judges. — kim, başına gelen, proverb (Who is the doctor? The one who has gone through it.) Only personal experience of something can lead to real understanding of it. hekimbaşı, -m (./..) Ott. hist. Sultan’s chief physician.
hekimlik 1. being a (medical) doctor. 2. the medical profession. 3. medicine, medical science. 4. (s.o.) who needs medical care; (disease) which requires medical care, hektar hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 acres), hektogram hectogram, hektolitre (../.) hectoliter, hektometre (../.) hectometer, hela (.—) toilet, toilet room, lavatory.
Heladik Helladic.
helak, -ki (.—) 1. death; murder. 2. destruction.
    3.    exhaustion, fatigue. — etmek hi 1. to destroy, kill. 2. to wear out with fatigue. — olmak 1. to perish. 2. to be utterly exhausted, helal, -li 1. Islam canonically lawful, permissible, legitimate. 2. colloq. (lawful) wife. 3. legitimately, by legitimate means, —inden colloq. 1. legitimately, honestly. 2. willingly.
    —e cömertlik olmaz, proverb (There should be no laxness in what is permissible.) Neither husband nor wife should let the other have intimate friends of the opposite sex. — etmek /ı, a/ to give up (a legitimate claim) to (another); to give (s.t.) to (s.o.) willingly. —
   kazanç ile yağlı pilav yenmez, proverb (You can’t eat buttered rice with the fruit of honest work.) You have to be crooked to get rich. — olsun! colloq. 1. It’s all yours!/Take it with my blessing (and enjoy it)! 2. Bravo !/Good for him/her! — para 1. Islam money earned in a canonically lawful way. 2. colloq. money that’s been honestly earned, honest earnings. — süt emmiş colloq. good, upright, worthy (person). — ü hoş olsun! colloq. 1. It’s all yours!/Take it with my blessing (and enjoy it)! 2.1 don’t want anything for what I’ve done! helallaşmak colloq., see helalleşmek, helalleşmek 1. to forgive each other any injury/ hurt done knowingly/unknowingly, make amends for all that has past (done before saying farewell, before a battle, or when death appears near). 2. to call it a deal fair and square (on concluding a business agreement), helalli 1. colloq. (lawful) wife. 2. slang mistress, sweetheart, paramour, helallik 1. colloq., Islam canonical lawfulness.
   2. obs., colloq. (lawful) wife, —a almak hi to marry (a woman). — dilemek /dan/ to ask (s.o.) to forgive one for past injuries, —a istemek hi to ask for (a girl) in marriage. — vermek /a/ to forgive (s.o.) for past injuries.
helalli see helalli.
helallik 1. Islam canonical lawfulness. 2. obs.
   (lawful) wife, helalzade (..—.) 1. good person, honest person, trustworthy person. 2. legitimate offspring.
   —      barıştırır, haramzade karıştırır, proverb A good person reconciles people, but a bad one creates strife, helataşı, -ni (. — ..) stone, porcelain, or enameled-iron fixture which forms the top of a squat-toilet, helbet (/.) prov., see elbet, hele (/.) 1. above all, especially, particularly, in particular: Hele oraya hiç gitmez. He never goes there in particular. Ne güzel kızlar, hele Melek! What beautiful girls, especially Melek! Hele ben! Hiçbir şeyden haberim yoktu. And me? I wasn’t aware of a thing! 2. (used with a verb in the imperative/subjunctive) Just .../If only ...: Hele yapsın, parçalarım onu! Just let him do it and I’ll tear him to pieces! Hele sus bir dakika! If you’ll only be quiet for a minute! Bu ödülü kazan hele, sana araba alacağım. Just win this prize and I’ll buy you a car!
   3. at least: Hele bugün bu kadarını yap da gerisini yarın tamamlarsın. Do at least this much today, and you can do the rest tomorrow. Hele altmış yaşında var. He’s at least sixty. 4. at last, finally: Hele rüzgâr kesildi. At last the wind has died down. — bak! colloq. Just look at ...!/My ...!: Hele bak, Şirin’imiz nasıl büyüdü! Just look at how our Şirin has grown! — bir 1. (used
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   with the third person of the imperative in threats) Just let ...!: Hele bir gelmesin! Just let him not come! Hele bir denesin! Just let her try! 2. (used with a verb in the imperative/subjunctive) Just .../If only ...: Hele bir kitabımı bitireyim, o zaman konuşuruz. Just let me finish my book and then we’ll talk. Hele hava iyice bir kararsın, o zaman sıvışacağız. Let’s let it get good and dark and then we’ll sneak out. — de colloq. furthermore, and what’s more. — hele colloq.
   1.     Come on and tell us!: Hele hele, daha neler gördün bakalım? So tell us what else you saw! Hele hele, sonra ne oldu? So what happened next? Hele hele, anlat bize! Come on and tell us! 2. Come on!: Hele liele, aç bakalım! Come on and open it! — şükür! Thank goodness! helecan palpitation of the heart, helecanlanmak to feel one’s heart palpitating. Helen 1. Hellenic, of ancient Greece. 2. Hellene, a Greek of the Hellenic period. Helenik Hellenic.
Helenist, -ti 1. Hellenist (a specialist in the language and culture of ancient Greece). 2. hist. Hellenist, a Hellenized Jew.
Helenistik Hellenistic.
Helenizm Hellenism.
helezon 1. spiral, helix; helicoid. 2. med. spiral, IUD, intrauterine device, helezoni (..— —) spiral, helical; helicoidal. helezonlaşmak to form a spiral, helezonlu helical.
helik prov. 1. small stone (used to fill in the interstices of a wall). 2. infilling (of a wall), helikoit geom. 1. (a) helicoid. 2. helicoid, helicoidal.
helikon helicon (a musical instrument), helikopter helicopter, helis geom. helix, helisel geom. helical. helke prov. pail, bucket, helme thick and soupy liquid (produced after rice, dried beans, wheat, etc. have been boiled for a while). — dökmek (for rice, dried beans, wheat, etc.) to become thick and soupy (after being boiled for a while).
   —      gibi overcooked, helmelenmek (for rice, dried beans, wheat, etc.) to become thick and soupy (after being boiled for a while), helmeli thick and soupy (rice, dried beans, wheat, etc.). helmintoloji helminthology, helva halvah, halva, halavah (a sweet prepared with sesame oil, various cereals, and syrup or honey). — demesini de bilirim, halva demesini de. colloq. (I know how to say helva and I can also say halva.) I can speak softly and politely, but when it’s necessary I can also speak harshly and rudely, helvacı maker/seller of halvah, helvacıkabağı, -m (../...) bot. pumpkin, Cucur-
   bita pepo.
helvacıkökü, -nü (../..) bot. soapwort, bouncing Bet, Saponaria officinalis. helvacılık the business of making/selling halvah, helvahane (..— .) 1. shallow pan used for preparing halvah. 2. a section of the palace kitchen where desserts and candies were made, helyodor heliodor. helyograf heliograph, helyosta (./.) heliostat. helyoterapi heliotherapy, helyotrop, -pu heliotrope, helyotropizm heliotropism. helyum (/.) chem. helium, hem 1. (repeated) Both ... and ...: Hem Sedat, hem Müjdat geldiler. Both Sedat and Müjdat came. Hem televizyon seyrediyor, hem de mektup yazıyor. He’s watching television and writing a letter at the same time. 2. And furthermore .../Moreover .../Indeed .../Besides .../... to boot/And what’s more ...: Odadan çıktı, hem gülümseyerek çıktı. She went out of the room, and with a smile on her face to boot. Hem seninle ilgisi yok. And what’s more it has nothing to do with you. Bu hamam sıcak, hem ne sıcak! This bath is hot, and I do mean hot! — ağlarım, hem giderim. (I’ll cry but I’ll go.) She is both happy and sad (said of a girl on her wedding day). — de nasıl! colloq. 1. Very!/ Extremely!/And how! (said in reply to a question): “İpek güzel mi?” “Hem de nasıl!” “Is İpek beautiful?” “Very!” 2. You said it!/You can say that again!: “Bu bayağı zor bir iş!” “Hem de nasıl!” “This is a pretty hard job!” “You said it!” — İsa’yı, hem de Musa’yı memnun etmek colloq. to try to meet conflicting demands at the same time. — kaçar, hem davul çalar, colloq. (He/She runs away but he/she beats a drum too.) He/She seems to shrink from doing it, yet in the end he/she does it all the same.
   —   kel, hem fodul, colloq. (He’s/She’s bald and conceited.) Although he/she makes great claims for himself/herself, he’s/she’s incompetent. — nalına, hem mıhına vurmak colloq. to speak in favor of both sides of a matter. — suçlu, hem güçlü, colloq. He’s/She’s guilty himself/herself, yet he/she acts innocent and doesn’t hesitate to impugn others.
   —   şamdan paklandı, hem pilav yağlandı. colloq. (The candlestick has been cleaned and the rice has been buttered.) We’ve killed two birds with one stone. — ziyaret, hem ticaret. colloq. It’s a combination of business and pleasure.
hemahenk, -gi (.—.) 1. suitable. 2. /la/ in harmony with.
hemal hemal, pertaining to the blood. — yay anat. hemal arch, hemati biol. erythrocyte, hematit, -ti geol. hematite.
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hematofaj hematophagous, feeding on blood, hematofobya (.../.) hematophobia, hemophobia. hematoksilin hematoxylin, hematolog hematologist, hematoloji hematology.
hemayar (..—) equal in rank; of the same kind, of the same stripe, hemcins 1. of the same kind. 2. fellow, equal, hemdert fellow sufferer, hemen (/.) 1. right now; right away, at once, immediately. 2. almost, nearly; about, around: O saatte sokaklarda hemen kimse yoktu. At that hour almost no one was out in the streets. Bu kitaplık bana hemen otuz milyon liraya mal oldu. This bookcase cost me about thirty million liras. 3. on the verge of, just about to: Aslan hemen kafesten kaçıyordu ki yakaladılar. The lion was just about to escape from the cage when they caught him. 4. always, continually. — hemen
   1.    almost, very nearly. 2. pretty soon, in a little while, shortly. — sonra 1. immediately afterwards. 2. /dan/ immediately after, right after. — şimdi at once, right away, right off, straightaway, straightway, hemencecik (/...) colloq. at once, straightaway, instantly, immediately, hemencek (/..) colloq., see hemencecik, hemfiil obs., law accomplice, hemfikir, -kri like-minded; /la/ of the same mind (as), of the same opinion (as), hemhal, -li (.—) obs. 1. in the same state/condition, in the same circumstances. 2. fellow sufferer.
                                                          hemhudut /la/ contiguous (to/with), conterminous (with), sharing a common border (with), hemipleji path, hemiplegia, hemodiyaliz med. hemodialysis. — .makinesi hemodialyzer. hemofil 1. (a) hemophiliac, (a) hemophile. 2.
   (s.o.) who has hemophilia, hemophilic, hemofili path, hemophilia, hemoglobin biochem. hemoglobin, hemoroit path, hemorrhoid, hempa (.—) confederate, accomplice, hemşehri see hemşeri. hemşehrilik see hemşerilik. hemşeri 1. fellow countryman, person from the same part of the country. 2. (form of address commonly used in rural areas) Friend!: Ne istiyorsun, hemşerim? What do you want, my friend?
hemşerilik being from the same place as another.
hemşire (.—.) 1. sister (blood relation). 2. nurse, hemşirelik (.-—..) 1. sisterhood (blood relationship). 2. nursing, hemşirezade (.— .— .) sister’s child. Üç hemşirezadem var. My sister has three children, hemze hamza, hamzah (in Arabic script), hemzemin of the same level. — geçit grade crossing, Brit, level crossing, hendek ditch, trench; moat.
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hendese obs. geometry, hendesi (..—) obs. geometrical, hengâme (.—.) 1. uproar, tumult. 2. obs. age, time.
hentbol, -lu/-lii (/.) sports handball, hentbolcu (/..) sports handball player, hentbolcii (/..) sports, see hentbolcu. henüz (/.) 1. just, a minute or so ago, only just. 2. yet (in negative sentences). hep, -pi 1. used in: hepimiz all of us. hepiniz all of you. onların hepsi all of them, onun hepsi all of it. 2. entirely, altogether (usually translates as all): Biz hep aynı sınıftayız. We’re all in the same class. Bunu hep Azmi yaptı. Azmi did all this. 3. always: Cuma akşamları hep adaya giderdik. On Friday evenings we’d always go to the island. — beraber all together. — bir ağızdan in unison, with one voice, all together. — bir ağız olmak colloq. (for several people) to agree to tell the same story (in order to avoid suspicion). — birlikte all together. — le hiç ilkesi log. dictum de omni et nullo. hepatit, -ti path, hepatitis. — A virüsü hepatitis virus A. — B virüsü hepatitis virus B. — C virüsü hepatitis virus C. hepatoloji hepatology. hepçil omnivorous, hepçillik omnivorousness, hepsi, -ni (/.) Iml all (of them, it, etc.): Çocukların hepsi geldi. All of the children came. Hepsi geldi. All of them came. Çorbanın hepsini içti. She ate all the soup. Hepsini yedi. He ate it all. hepten colloq. 1. completely, entirely, wholly, altogether: Onu hepten unuttum. I completely forgot it. 2. all of, the whole lot of: Yeşim papağanları hepten satın aldı. Yeşim bought all of the parrots, hepyek, -ki (/.) dice double one. her every, each. — ağaçtan kaşık olmaz, proverb (You can’t make a spoon out of any old wood.) It takes the right person or materials to do a job right. — ağaç kökünden kurur/ çürür, proverb (A tree dies from the roots up.) The real decay is that which begins from within. — ağacın meyvesi olmaz, proverb (Not all trees bear fruit.) Some people look competent but are not. — an at any moment.
   —   aşın kaşığı colloq. busybody, meddler, interloper. — bakımdan in every respect. — başın bir derdi var, değirmencininki de su. proverb Everybody has his/her own particular problem to deal with. — bir each, every single. — biri each one, every one (of). — biri başka bir hava çalmak colloq. for everyone (in a group) to behave and think differently from everyone else (in that group); for everyone to have a different opinion. ■— boyayı boyadık da fıstıki mi kaldı? colloq. (We’ve painted it every color. Must we try pistachio green as well?) Even though we’ve yet to do the most fundamental parts of this job,
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you’re already talking about the finishing touches. — boyaya girip çıkmak colloq. to have worked at many different jobs. — çiçek koklanmaz, proverb (Not every flower is for smelling.) You can’t flirt with every pretty girl that comes your way. — çok, azdan olur, proverb (It takes a lot of little things to make one big thing.) Many a mickle makes a muckle. — daim always. — damardan kan alınmaz, proverb (You can’t get blood from every vein.) You can’t expect everyone to help you. — defa/defasmda each time. — deliğe elini sokma, ya yılan çıkar, ya çıyan, proverb (Don’t put your hand in every hole: a snake might come out or a centipede.) Rash behavior will get you into trouble. — dem always. — dem taze
1.  colloq. young-looking, vigorous for his/ her age. 2. bot. evergreen (plant). 3. bot. everlasting, immortelle. — derde deva cure -all, panacea. — durumda no matter what, in any case. — düşüş bir öğreniş, proverb (Every fall is a lesson.) People learn from their failures. — firavunun bir Musa’sı var. proverb (There is a Moses for every Pharaoh.) Every oppressor has his nemesis. — gönülde bir aslan yatar, proverb (A lion sleeps in every heart.) Everybody cherishes his/her own particular ambition. — gördüğü sakallıyı babası sanmak colloq. to be easily fooled by appearances. — gün every day.
—   gün baklava börek yense bıkılır, proverb (If you eat sweets and pastries every day you’ll get tired of them.) One can tire of even the nicest things if one has too much of them.
—   gün bir olmaz, proverb No two of our days are ever exactly alike. — gün papaz pilav yemez, proverb, see Papaz her gün pilav yemez. — güzelin bir kusuru/huyu vardır, proverb (Every beauty has some blemish.) Even the most attractive people and things have their drawbacks. — hal see herhalde. — halde see herhalde. — hal ü kârda see herhalükârda. — havadan çalmak colloq. 1. to be versatile. 2. to claim to be knowledgeable about many different things.
—   horoz kendi çöplüğünde/küllüğünde öter/eşinir, proverb (Every cock crows on his own dunghill.) A person will lay down the law on the turf that is his/her own. — hususta in all respects, from all points of view, in every way. — ihtimale karşı keeping every possibility in mind; just in case.
—   inişin bir yokuşu, her yokuşun bir inişi vardır, proverb (There is an uphill for every downhill, and vice versa.) All problems eventually get worked out. — işin başı sağlık. proverb (The first requirement in every affair is health.) The success of a project is greatly dependent on the good health of those involved in it. — işte bir hayır vardır, proverb Everything we experience in life has its positive side. —- işe burnunu sokmak col-
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loq. to poke one’s nose into everything. — kafadan bir ses çıkmak colloq. for everyone to be talking all at once. — kaşığın kısmeti bir olmaz, proverb (Spoons don’t all have the same fate.) Fate does not treat everyone equally. — kim whoever. — kimin bağı var, yüreğinde dağı var. proverb (Whoever owns a vineyard has a brand on his/her heart.) 1. A person with possessions has worries. 2. A person with a little property feels safe. — kim olursa olsun no matter who it is, whoever it may be. — koyun kendi bacağından asılır, proverb (Every sheep is hung by its own legs.) The trouble people get themselves into is usually of their own making. — kuşun eti yenmez, proverb (Not every bird is edible.) Not every person will bend to your will. — nasılsa somehow or other. — ne whatever. — nedense somehow, for some reason or other. — ne hal ise anyhow, anyway. — ne ise 1. so anyhow. 2. whatever the cost. 3. Anyway .../Let’s forget it. — ne kadar although, however much.
—   ne pahasına olursa olsun at any price, whatever the cost, at all costs, at any cost.
—   nerede wherever. — ne zaman whenever.
—   sakaldan bir tel çekseler, köseye sakal olur, proverb (If they pull one hair from each beard, there will be enough to make a beard for the one who has none.) If everybody contributes something, we can collect enough to help this person out. — şey everything. — şeye burnunu sokmak colloq. to poke one’s nose into everything. ■*- şeyin vakti var, horoz bile vaktinde öter, proverb There is a time for everything: even a cock crows only at certain times. — şeyin yenisi, dostun eskisi, proverb New means better, except when it comes to friendship. — şeyin yokluğu yokluktur, proverb Any thing, however small, is missed whenever it becomes unavailable. — tarafta all around, everywhere, on all sides. — taraftan from everywhere. — tarakta bezi olmak colloq. to have a finger in every pie. — tarladan bir kesek colloq. random talk. — taşın altma elini sokma, ya yılan çıkar, ya çıyan, proverb, see Her deliğe elini sokma, ya yılan çıkar, ya çıyan. — taş baş yarmaz, proverb (Not every stone breaks one’s head.) Not all scary-looking things are really dangerous. — telden çalmak colloq. 1. to be versatile. 2. to claim to be knowledgeable about many different things. — yerde everywhere. — yerde okka dört yüz dirhem, proverb (An oka is four hundred drams everywhere.) Standards are the same everywhere. — yiğidin bir yoğurt yiyişi vardır, proverb (Each young man eats yogurt in his own way.) Everyone has his/her own way of doing things. — yiğidin gönlünde bir aslan yatar. proverb (In every young man’s heart there sleeps a lion.) Everybody cherishes his/her
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   own particular ambition. — yokuşun bir inişi, her inişin bir yokuşu vardır, proverb (There is a downhill for every uphill, and vice versa.) All problems eventually get worked out. — zaman always. — zaman eşek ölmez, on köfte on paraya olmaz. proverb (A donkey doesn’t die every day, so we can’t always find ten meatballs for ten cents.) Buy things when they’re cheap and abundant, as they won’t always stay that way.
   —      zaman gemicinin istediği rüzgâr esmez. proverb (The sailor does not always have favorable winds.) Things don’t always go as one wants them to. — ziyan bir öğüttür. proverb Every loss is a lesson, herbisit, -ti herbicide.
hercai (.—.) 1. inconstant, fickle. 2. watered, shot (silk), hercailik (.— ..) inconstancy, fickleness, hercaimenekşe (.—....) bot. pansy, Viola tricolor hortensis. hercümerç 1. utter confusion, complete disarray, chaos. 2. chaotic. — etmek /ı/ to reduce (s.t.) to chaos.
herdemtaze (..— .) 1. colloq. young-looking, vigorous for his/her age. 2. bot. evergreen (plant). 3. bot. everlasting, immortelle, herek stake, pale (for grape vines, beans, young trees).
hereklemek /ı/ to stake (a vine/a plant).
(ıereni prov. small cauldron, hergele 1. unbroken horse/donkey/mule. 2. colloq. ruffian, yahoo, Brit, yobbo. 3. herd of unbroken horses/donkeys/mules, hergeleci person who looks after unbroken horses/donkeys/mules; trainer of unbroken horses/donkeys/mules. herhalde (/..) 1. surely, certainly, in all probability. 2. surely, certainly, in any case, no matter what happens, herhalükârda (/—.—.) by all means; come what may; in every instance, herhangi (./.) whichever, whatever; (in negative sentences) any, whatsoever. — bir any, just any. — biri anybody, anyone, herif 1. colloq. scoundrel. 2. colloq. fellow, guy.
   3.    prov. husband, herifçioğlu, -nu (../..) colloq. the fellow, the guy (said in irritation/anger). herise (.—.) obs., see keşkek, herk, -ki prov. fallow land, fallow. — etmek l\l to fallow, lay (land) fallow, herkes (/.) 1. everybody, everyone. 2. anybody.
   —in aklı bir olsa koyuna çoban bulunmaz. proverb (If everybody were as smart as everybody else there would be nobody to herd the sheep.) We need a diversity of talents and training. —- akimı pazara çıkarmış (mezada vermiş), yine kendi akimı almış/ beğenmiş, proverb (Everybody put his/her own opinions on sale, and when the trading was done each person had bought his/her own opinions.) Everybody prefers his/her
                                                                                           herkes
own point of view in the end. —in arşınına göre bez vermezler/verilmez, proverb (Merchants don’t measure their cloth using the customers’ yardsticks.) You can’t expect to have everything tailored to suit you. — başka bir hava çalıyor, colloq. (Each person is playing a different tune.) Nobody is paying any attention to anybody else. — bildiğini okur, proverb (Everybody recites what he/ she knows.) People will do things as they think best despite the advice of others, —in bir derdi var, değirmencininki de su. proverb, see Her başın bir derdi var, değirmencininki de su. — davul çalar ama çomağı makama uyduramaz, proverb (Anybody can beat a drum, but not everybody can beat in time.) Everybody can do a job; but not everyone can do a job right. — ektiğini biçer. (Herkesin ettiği yoluna gelir.) proverb You reap what you sow. — evinde ağadır. proverb Every man is a king when he’s in his own home, —in geçtiği köprüden sen de geç. proverb (Cross the same bridge as everybody else crosses.) Do it the same way everybody else does it. — gider Mersin’e, biz gideriz tersine, colloq. (Everybody is headed for Mersin, but we’re headed the opposite way.) Something must be wrong, because we’re out of step with everyone else, —in gönlünde bir aslan yatar, proverb (Everybody has a lion in his/her heart.) Everybody cherishes his/her own particular ambition, —in hamuru ekmeğine göredir. proverb (Everybody prepares his/her dough according to the amount of bread he/she wants.) One makes preparations in accordance with the size of the job one intends to do. — kaşık yapar, ama sapını ortaya/doğru getiremez, proverb (Anybody can make a spoon, but not everybody can make a spoon’s handle come out straight.) Not everybody can do a thing right. — kendi aklını beğenir, proverb Everybody prefers his/her own opinion. — kendi ayıbını bilmez, proverb Not everybody is aware of his/her own faults. — kendi ölüsü için ağlar, proverb (Each person weeps for the loss of his/her own loved one.) A person can’t really share the sorrow of another. — i nasıl bilirsin? Kendin gibi. (Kalbince.) proverb (How do you understand others? As if they were you.) We usually imagine that the reactions of others will be the same as our own. — ne ederse kendine eder, proverb You reap what you sow. — e şapur şupur da bize gelince ya Rabbi şükür mü? colloq. (Why do you kiss everyone and yet leave me with no one except God to give thanks to?) Why are you so nice to everybody but me? — e talih, bize kör Salih mi? colloq., see Âleme talih, bize kör Salih mi? —in tenceresi kapalı kaynar. proverb (Everybody’s pot boils under its lid.) One family can’t know what the situa-
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   tion in another family is really like, —in yorulduğu yere han yapmazlar/yapılmaz.
   proverb (They can’t build an inn at every spot where a traveler gets tired.) If you’re hired to do a job you must do it according to the guidelines set before you. herkesçe (/..) by everybody, by everyone, herkeslik being like everybody else, ordinariness.
Herkül 1. mythology Hercules. 2. colloq. big and strong man, (a) Hercules. — gibi colloq. big and strong, Herculean (man), hers theat. borderlight.
Hersek (/.) 1. Herzegovina. 2. Herzegovinian, of Herzegovina.
Hersekli (/..) 1. (a) Herzegovinian. 2. Herzegovinian (person), hertz phys. hertz, heryerdelik omnipresence, herze nonsense. — yemek colloq. to say the wrong thing; to commit a gaffe, herzevekil obs. 1. busybody. 2. idle talker, prattler.
hesabi (.------) economical, thrifty.
hesap 1. arithmetic. 2. calculation, computation.
   3.  account, financial record. 4. account, money owed or on deposit. 5. bill, check, tab (in a restaurant, bar, etc.). 6. estimate. 7. plan, expectation. (...) — ı as one would say, as in the case of (referring to a saying or to a known story): körlerle fil hesabı as in the story of the blind men and the elephant.
   —ma 1. in the name of. 2. for, from the point of view of. 3. to the account of, to.
   —   açmak /da/ to establish a (deposit, checking, charge, etc.) account at/with (a firm): Behzat’a bankada hesap açtılar. They opened an account for Behzat at the bank.
   —   açtırmak /da/ to open a (deposit, checking, charge, etc.) account at/with (a firm); /a/ to open a charge account with (s.o.): Ba-nu, bakkala hesap açtırdı. Banu opened a charge account with the grocer, —a almak Iı/ colloq. to take (s.t.) into account, —mi almak to receive what is owed to one. —a almamak /ı/ colloq. not to take (s.t.) into consideration, to ignore (a possibility). — bakiyesi fin. balance (of an account); arrears, —mı bilmek colloq. to be economical, be careful with money. — cetveli slide rule. — cüzdanı bankbook, passbook, —a çekmek h! colloq. to call (s.o.) to account. — çıkarmak to make out the accounts, —a dökmek hi to figure out the financial aspects of (s.t.) on paper. — dökümü list of expenditures/ payments due. — dönemi accounting period, —tan düşmek hi 1. to deduct. 2. colloq. to write off (a loss/a person). — ekstresi fin., see hesap özeti. — etmek III 1. to count, enumerate. 2. to calculate, figure, compute.
   3. to estimate, reckon. 4. to suppose, think.
   —   etmek, kitap etmek colloq. to think something over carefully, —a geçirmek III
   to enter (an item) in an account. — ma geçirmek /ı, ml to charge (s.t.) to (s.o.’s/a firm’s) account. — ma gelmek Iml colloq. to fit (one’s) views/interest, suit, —a gelmez colloq. 1. countless. 2. unexpected. — görmek 1. to pay the bill. 2. colloq. to settle accounts, —mı görmek Iml colloq. 1. to settle (s.o.’s) account. 2. to punish, take care of, fix (s.o.’s) wagon. 3. to murder, eliminate, take care of. — günü doomsday. — hulasası fin., see hesap özeti. — hulasası çıkarmak fin., see hesap özeti çıkarmak. — işi embroidery made by counting the threads. — ı kapamak 1. to pay a debt in full. 2. colloq. to drop a subject, close a discussion. — ı kapatmak to close an account, —a katmak hi colloq. to take (s.t.) into account, —a katmamak III colloq., see hesaba almamak. —ı kesmek /la/ colloq. 1. to stop doing business with. 2. to cut all relations with (s.o.).
   —  kitap colloq. 1. after careful calculation. 2. after full consideration, —a kitaba sığmaz colloq. 1. incalculable. 2. imponderable. 3. inconsistent. — ı kitabı yok. colloq. It has no limits ./It is totally unsupervised. — makinesi calculating machine, calculator. — meydanda, colloq. It’s obvious. — ta olmamak colloq. not to plan on, not to figure on (s.t.); not to be part of the plan: Semra hesapta yoktu. Semra wasn’t part of the plan.
   —  özeti fin. statement, summary of an account. — özeti çıkarmak fin. to make out a statement. — sormak /dan/ colloq. to call (s.o.) to account. — ı temizlemek to pay one’s account. — tutmak 1. to keep the books, do the bookkeeping. 2. to keep a record. — uzmanı accountant. — vermek
   1. to account for money received. 2. colloq.
   to give an explanation. —ını vermek Iml 1. to account for (money received). 2. colloq. to give an explanation for, account for. — ı-na yazmak /i, ml to charge (s.t.) to (s.o.’s/a firm’s) account. (...); —i yok. Iml colloq. There’s no telling ...: İçtiğimiz kahvenin hesabı yok. There’s no telling how much coffee we drink.                           ;
                                hesapça (./.) 1. by my reckoning, as I figure it: Hesapça beş kilo olmalı. By my reckoning it ought to be five kilos. 2. according to my calculations; according to the calculations: Hesapça yirmi milyon lira borcunuz var. According to the calculations you have a debt of twenty million liras, hesapçı colloq. 1. careful with money. 2. calculating, scheming, given to calculating, hesaplamak hi 1. to count, enumerate. 2. to calculate, figure, compute. 3. to estimate, reckon. 4. to suppose, think. — kitaplamak colloq. to consider a matter carefully, hesaplanmak 1. to be counted, be enumerated.
   2. to be calculated, be figured, be computed.
   3.    to be estimated, be reckoned, hesaplaşmak 1. to settle outstanding accounts
hesaplı
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    with each other. 2. /la/ to settle old scores with, get even with. 3. /la/ to reckon with, deal with; to come to terms with, hesaplı 1. economical. 2. careful with money.
    3. carefully thought-out, carefully planned.
    4. rational, moderate, reasonable. — hareket etmek to act according to a careful plan, act thoughtfully and rationally. — kitaplı colloq. very carefully thought-out, very carefully planned.
hesapsız 1. undocumented (expense, amount of money). 2. innumerable; incalculable. 3. un-reflective, rash, precipitate. 4. without careful consideration; without weighing the consequences, unreflectively. — kasap, ya bıçak kırar, ya masat, proverb (A careless butcher breaks his knife or his hone.) A careless or unskilled person can botch his work or ruin his tools. — kitapsız colloq. 1. (expending money) without making a record of it. 2. unrecorded, undocumented (expenditures). 3. (doing s.t.) without properly planning it out beforehand; (doing s.t.) without giving it any forethought. 4. (s.t.) which is marked by a complete lack of planning; (s.t.) which is marked by a complete lack of forethought, hesapsızlık 1. lack of reflection, rashness, precipitateness. 2. rash act. heterogen see heterojen, heterojen heterogeneous, heteropati heteropathy. heteroplasti surg. heteroplasty, heterotrof biol., see dışbeslenen. heterotrofi biol., see dışbeslenme. hevenk, -gi 1. bunch (of fruit/vegetables) (tied/ strung together). 2. bundle (of light rays), heves 1. (a) desire, yen. 2. passing desire, fancy. 3. (an) interest; (an) enthusiasm, —ini almak /dan/ colloq. to satisfy one’s desire to (do s.t.) or for (s.t.), fulfill one’s yen to (do s.t.) or for (s.t.); to get one’s fill of. — etmek /a/ colloq. to have a desire to, have a yen to (do s.t.); to develop a great interest in (s.t.). — i içinde kalmak colloq. to be unable to satisfy one’s desire. —i kaçmak colloq. to lose one’s interest, —ini kırmak Iml colloq. to damp (s.o.’s) enthusiasm, discourage (s.o.). —i kursağında kalmak colloq., see hevesi içinde kalmak, heveskâr obs. 1. enthusiast. 2. enthusiastic (about), very interested (in), eager (to), keen (on). 3. amateur; dilettante. 4. (s.o.) who is an amateur/a dilettante, heveskârlık obs. 1. being an enthusiast. 2. enthusiasm, eagerness, keenness. 3. amateurism; dilettantism, heveslendirmek /ı, a/ to make (s.o.) want to (do s.t.), inspire (s.o.) to (do s.t.). heveslenmek /a/ to feel the desire to (do s.t.);
    to develop a great interest in (s.t.). hevesli 1. enthusiast. 2. enthusiastic (about), very interested (in), eager (to), keen (on): yüzmeye hevesli bir kız a giıl who’s keen
   on swimming, sanat heveslisi bir genç a
   youth who’s interested in art. 3. amateur; dilettante. 4. (s.o.) who is an amateur/a dilettante.
hevessiz 1. (s.o.) who has no special interests, who is uninterested in anything. 2. /a/ uninterested (in), undesirous (of), hey colloq. 1. Look here!/Hey! 2. Hey ...!/
   O      ...!/Ah, ...! (<especially used in exclamations of regret!reproach): Hey eski günler! O for the good old days! Hey budala! Hey you idiot! Hey koca müfettiş hey! O you great inspector, you! — gidi (in nostalgic reference to the past): Hey gidi gençlik! O for the days of youth! — gidi hey! O for those days! heyamola (../.) Heave, ho!/Pull away, boys!
   —      ile colloq. 1. with help plus hard work: Hüsnü imtihanı heyamola ile geçti. Hüsnü passed the test thanks to coaching and hard study. 2. with a lot of muscle: Bu dolap buradan ancak heyamola ile taşınabilir. It’ll take a lot of muscle to move this cupboard out of here, heybe 1. saddlebag; a pair of saddlebags. 2. shoulder bag (made of thick cloth, often carpeting).
heybeci 1. maker/seller of saddlebags. 2. maker/ seller of shoulder bags.
Heybeliada (../..) one of the Princes’ Islands near Istanbul (the ancient Khalki). heybet, -ti 1. awe-inspiring appearance. 2. grandeur, majesty, heybetli 1. awe-inspiring, awesome, imposing.
   2. grand, majestic, heyecan 1. excitement; ardor; agitation; emotion. 2. suspense (pleasant excitement as to the outcome of a situation). — duymak to get excited, —a gelmek colloq. to get excited; to get agitated, —a kapılmak colloq. to get very agitated, get all worked up, get in a swivet, get in a tizzy. — vermek /a/ to get (s.o.) agitated, —a vermek /i/ colloq. to get everybody in (a place) agitated: Etrafı heyecana verme! Don’t get the whole place all stirred up! heyecanlandırmak hi to excite, get (s.o.) excited; to agitate, get (s.o.) agitated, heyecanlanmak to get excited; to get agitated, heyecanlı 1. excited; agitated; emotional. 2. excitable; emotional. 3. exciting; (s.t.) which excites; marked by excitement. 4. suspenseful, full of suspense; thrilling, heyecansız 1. unexcited, calm. 2. unexcitable, unflappable, level-headed, calm. 3. unexciting.
heyelan landslide, landslip. — etmek (for earth) to slide down, heyet, -ti 1. committee; delegation; board. 2. obs. astronomy. — iyle as it is, as a whole.
   —i içtimaiye obs. society, social group, community. —i ihtiyariye obs. village council.
   —i mahsusa obs. special committee. — i mecmua obs. the whole (of s.t.). —i tem-
heyetşinas                                           385
   siliye obs. committee of representatives, —i umumiye 1. the whole (of s.t.). 2. pol. general assembly. 3. all the stockholders (of a company). — i umumiyesiyle taken as a whole, as a whole. —i vekile obs. cabinet (of government ministers), heyetşinas (...■—) obs. astronomer, heyhat, -ti (.—) Alas!
heyhey used in: —ler geçirmek colloq. to suffer from nervous fits, —leri tutmak colloq. to lose control, have a fit of nervous agitation. —leri üstünde colloq. very nervous, upset.
heykel 1. statue. 2. sculpture, piece of sculpture.
   —   gibi colloq. 1. statuesque, tall and attractive (person). 2. like a statue, like a stone, like a log.
heykelci 1. sculptor; sculptress. 2. seller of sculptures. — kalemi sculptor’s chisel, heykelcilik 1. sculpture, sculpturing. 2. selling sculptures.
heykelsütun (./..) arch, caryatid; atlas, telamon;
   canephora. heykeltıraş sculptor; sculptress, heykeltıraşlık sculpture, sculpturing.
heyula (.-------) 1. specter, fearsome apparition.
   2.  chaos, the original state of the universe.
   —      gibi 1. big and hulking. 2. spectral, hezaren (.—.) 1. rattan, rattan stems (used as
   material for making furniture, walking sticks, etc.). 2. bamboo, bamboo stems (used as material for making furniture, walking sticks, etc.). 3. rattan, made of rattan. 4. bamboo, made of bamboo. 5. bot. larkspur, Delphinium.
hezel obs. 1. comic poem/story. 2. parody of a poem.
hezeliyat, -ti (...—) obs. comic literature, witty anecdotes/stories/poems. hezeyan 1. nonsensical talk. 2. delirium, raving.
   —      etmek to talk nonsense, hezil, -zli obs., see hezel.
hezimet, -ti (.—.) crushing defeat, rout. —e uğramak to be crushingly defeated. — e uğratmak hi to defeat decisively, rout, hezl obs., see hezel, hezliyat, -ti (..—) obs., see hezeliyat.
Hf chem. Hf (hafnium).
Hg chem. Hg (mercury), hi colloq. yeah, yes.
hıçkıra hıçkıra (../ ...) with great sobs, sob-bingly. — ağlamak to sob. hıçkırık 1. hiccup. 2. sob. —larla ağlamak to sob. — tutmak III to have the hiccups, hıçkırma 1. hiccuping. 2. sobbing, hıçkırmak 1. to hiccup. 2. to sob. hıçkırtmak hi to make (s.o.) hiccup/sob. hıdiv Ott. hist, khedive. hidivlik Ott. hist. 1. being a khedive. 2. khedi-viate, khedivate. hıdrellez 1. May sixth (regarded as the beginning of summer). 2. festival held on May sixth to celebrate the coming of summer. 3.
                                                                                                   hınzır
   the half year from May sixth to November eighth, hıfız, -fzi obs., see hıfz, hıfz obs. 1. guarding, protection, preservation. 2. memorization, —a çalışmak to work at memorizing the Koran, hıfzetmek (/..) hi obs. 1. to protect, preserve.
   2.    to memorize, hıfzıssıhha (/...) hygiene.
 hifzi (.—) obs. memorative, pertaining to the memory.
                                                            hih colloq. 1. Yeah! (said sarcastically). 2. Oof!
    3. sound made when blowing one’s nose hard. — demiş babasmm/anasmin burnundan düşmüş, colloq., see Hık demiş babasmin/anasmm burnundan düşmüş.
   —     yapmak to blow one’s nose hard, hıhlamak 1. to grunt at regular intervals: Her
                              vuruşta hıhlıyordu. He grunted hard at each stroke. 2. to blow one’s nose hard, hık (a) hiccup. — demiş babasmm/anasmin burnundan düşmüş, colloq. He’s/She’s the spit and image of his/her father/mother./ He’s/She’s the spitting image of his/her father/mother. — mik colloq. quibbling, quibbles, trifling objections; dragging one’s feet: Hık mık yok! Anladın mi? No quibbling! Understand? — mık etmek/demek colloq. to quibble, cavil, raise unimportant/ irrelevant objections; to drag one’s feet. — tutmak colloq. to have the hiccups, hilt, -ti obs. (a) humor (any one of the four humors of medieval physiology), him colloq. Hmm./I see ./Is that so? hımbıl colloq. 1. stupid, slow-witted, dunder-headed. 2. lazy, shiftless, hımbıllık colloq. 1. stupidity, siow-wittedness, dunderheadedness. 2. laziness, shiftlessness, hımhım (one) who speaks through his/her nose.
    —  ile burunsuz, birbirinden uğursuz, colloq. One is as bad as the other.
him him (.' .) nasally, with a nasal sound. — konuşmak to speak through one’s nose, have a nasal twang, hımhımlamak 1. to talk through one’s nose.
   2. hi to say (s.t.) through one’s nose, hımhımlık speaking through one’s nose, nasal speech.
 hımış prov. 1. half-timbered wall. 2. nogged framing.
hıncahınç (/..) 1. full to overflowing, packed, jam-packed (with people). 2. (a place’s filling up) to overflowing, hınç rancor, grudge. — almak (—ını almak) to get one’s revenge. — mı çıkarmak /dan/ to take revenge (on), vent one’s spleen (on), hmdim slang drunken revel, carouse, carousal, hmdimlamak hi slang to attack, jump on. hmk deyici colloq. one who hovers around pretending to be helpful, hint, -ti slang 1. crazy, nutty. 2. stupid, wooden -headed.
                                                            hınzır colloq. 1. imp, rascal; minx. 2. malevo-
hınzırlık
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hırsızlık
   lent and hardhearted, nasty, mean. 3. contemptible person, swine, schmuck. hınzırlık colloq. 1. mischievousness. 2. piece of mischief. 3. nastiness, meanness. 4. nasty trick. — etmek 1. to do something mischievous. 2. to pull a nasty trick, hır 1. snarling sound. 2. slang quarrel, row. — çıkarmak slang to start a quarrel, start a row.
hıra prov. 1. sickly and scrawny. 2. gluttonous, hiraman (.— —) obs. (s.o./an animal) who/ which walks gracefully, hırbo (/.) slang 1. lummox, oaf, lout, big and dim-witted man. 2. big and dim-witted (man), hırboluk (/..) slang oafishness, loutishness, hırçın 1. ill-tempered; shrewish. 2. rough, tempestuous (sea), hırçınlaşmak 1. to get ill-tempered. 2. to show one’s temper. 3. (for a sea) to get rough, hırçınlık 1. bad temper; shrewishness. 2. roughness (of a sea). — etmek to do something out of bad temper, hırdavat, -ti 1. small items of hardware. 2. small, used hardware items. 3. worn-out things, junk, hırdavatçı 1. hardware-seller. 2. seller of small, used hardware items. 3. junk dealer; junkman.
hırdavatçılık 1. being a hardware dealer; the hardware business. 2. being a seller of small, used items of hardware. 3. being a junkman, hırgür colloq. noisy quarrel, row. — çıkarmak to start a quarrel, start a row. — etmek to quarrel, row. hırıldamak 1. to wheeze. 2. colloq. to mutter angrily.
hırıldanmak colloq. to mutter angrily, hırıldaşmak 1. to growl/snarl at each other. 2.
   colloq. to row, quarrel, hırıl hırıl (./ ..) with a bad wheeze, very wheez-ingly. — etmek to have a bad wheeze, wheeze terribly: Göğsü hırıl hırıl ediyor. He’s wheezing terribly, hırıltı 1. wheeze; rattle; death rattle; rale; rhon-chus; stridor. 2. growl; snarl. 3. colloq. row, quarrel, hırıltıcı quarrelsome.
hırıltılı 1. wheezy; marked by a rattle/a rale; rattling. 2. growling; snarling; marked by a growl/a snarl. 3. colloq. marked by rows, punctuated by quarrels. 4. wheezily; rattling-ly; with a rale. 5. growlingly; snarlingly. hırızma (./.) 1. nose-ring (of an animal). 2. lip -ring (of an animal).
Hıristiyan see Hristiyan.
Hıristiyanlaşmak see Hr is tiy anlaşmak. Hıristiyanlaştırmak /ı/ see Hristiyanlaştırmak. Hıristiyanlık see Hristiyanlık.
Hiristo see Hristo.
                                                                 hıristo teyeli, -ni tailor, (a kind of) cross-stitch, hırka 1. cardigan, jacket-like sweater. 2. padded and quilted jacket. 3. formerly a long cotton/wool outer garment worn by der-
   vishes, khirkah. —yı başına çekmek colloq. to withdraw from society. — giymek to become a dervish. H—i Saadet the cloak of Muhammad (kept in Topkapi Palace). H—i Şerif 1 . see Hırka-i Saadet. 2. a cloak given by the Prophet Muhammad to Veysel Karani (kept in the Hırka-i Şerif mosque in Istanbul).
hırlamak 1. to growl; to snarl. 2. to wheeze; (for s.o.’s breathing) to be marked by a rattle/a rale; to rattle, hırlanmak colloq. to mutter angrily to o.s. hırlaşmak 1. to growl/snarl at each other. 2.
   colloq. to row, quarrel, hırlı colloq. good, dependable, trustworthy.
   —   mıdır, hırsız mıdır bilmiyorum. I don’t know whether he is honest or not.
hırpalamak /ı/ 1. to buffet; to treat roughly. 2.
   to rough up, manhandle, hırpalanmak 1. to be buffeted about; to be treated roughly. 2. to be roughed up, be manhandled.
hırpalatmak /ı, a/ 1. to cause (s.t.) to be buffeted. 2. to have (s.o.) roughed up.
hırpani (.------) colloq. ragged, tatterdemalion.
hırpanilik (.------.) colloq. raggedness; ragged
   appearance.
hırs 1. powerful desire (to attain a particular end), ambition. 2. anger, —mı alamamak to be unable to control one’s anger. — ı cah obs. consuming ambition to obtain a public post. — ındaıı çatlamak colloq. to be ready to burst with anger, —mı çıkarmak /dan/ colloq. to vent one’s spleen on. —mı yenmek to keep one’s anger in check, contain one’s anger, lursicah (..—) obs., see hırs-ı cah. hırsız thief, burglar, robber, —a baca olmaz. proverb, see Hırsıza kilit/kapı olmaz, —a beyler de borçlu, proverb (Great people also owe money to thieves.) Even the most powerful people pay off extortionists. — çetesi gang of thieves. — feneri dark lantern.
   —   gibi colloq. furtively, surreptitiously, stealthily, —a kilit/kapı olmaz, proverb (There is no lock against thieves.) 1. There is no real safeguard against burglars. 2. If someone is really bent on evil there is no way to stop him/her. — yatağı 1. den of thieves. 2. hiding place for stolen goods, hide, cache. 3. receiver of stolen goods, fence, —a yol göstermek colloq. to be very incautious and help a wrongdoer inadvertently.
hırsızlama colloq. 1. stolen. 2. furtive, surreptitious, stealthy. 3. furtively, surreptitiously, stealthily.
hırsızlık theft, burglary, robbery, larceny. — bir ekmekten, kahpelik bir öpmekten, proverb Theft begins with stealing a loaf of bread; prostitution begins with the giving of one unlawful kiss. — etmek to commit theft.
   —   malı stolen goods. — yapmak see hır-
hırslandırmak
387
hızlanmak
    sizlik etmek, hırslandırmak Iı/ to anger, hırslanmak to get angry, hırslı 1. filled with desire, ambitious. 2. angry, hırt, -ti slang 1. boor, ill-mannered lout. 2. ill -mannered, rude, hırtapoz slang, see hırt, hırtı pırtı (./ ..) colloq. junk, rubbish, hırtlamba colloq. 1. very thin and sickly person.
   2.    thickly but raggedly dressed person, —si çıkmak 1. to be raggedly dressed. 2. to be completely worn out. — gibi giyinmek to be dressed in layer upon layer of clothes. Hırvat, -ti 1. (a) Croatian, (a) Croat. 2. Croatian, pertaining to the Croatians, Crotia, or the Croatian language.
                                                               Hırvatça (./.) 1. Croatian, the Croatian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Croatian, Croatian. 3. Croatian (speech/writing); spoken in Croatian; written in Croatian. Hırvatistan 1. Croatia. 2. Croatian, of Croatia, hırz obs. 1. refuge, sanctuary. 2. amulet, talisman, charm. — i can something which protects one’s life; talisman, charm, phylactery, hirzican (..—) obs., see hirz-i can. hısım 1. relative, relation; kinsman; kinswoman. 2. (a) relative by marriage, (an) in-law.
    —     akraba kinfolk, kith and kin. — hısımın ne öldüğünü ister, ne onduğunu, proverb People want their kinfolk neither to die nor to prosper, hısımlık kinship, blood relationship, hış hış (/ .) with a rustling sound. — etmek to rustle, hışıldamak to rustle, hışıldatmak 111 to make (s.t.) rustle, hışıltı rustle, rustling sound; froufrou, hışıltılı rustling (sound), hışım, -şmı anger; fury, —la angrily; in a fury, —a gelmek colloq. to get angry; to become furious. —ma uğramak /m/ colloq. to be the object of (s.o.’s) anger/fury, hışımlandırmak hi to anger; to infuriate, hışımlanmak to get angry; to become furious, hışır 1. prov. unripe melon. 2. prov. rind (of a melon). 3. slang boor, clod, uncouth person.
    4.    slang boorish, crude, uncouth. — ı çıkmak colloq. 1. to become ragged, become tatterdemalion. 2. to be worn out, be exhausted, hışırdamak to rustle, hışırdatmak hi to make (s.t.) rustle, hışır hışır (./ ..) with a rustling sound, hışırlık slang boorishness, cloddishness, uncouthness, hışırtı rustle, rustling sound, hışırtılı rustling (sound), hışlamak to rustle.
hiyaban (.— —) obs. road lined with trees on either side, boulevard, hıyanet, -ti (.—.) 1. treachery, perfidy. 2. treason. 3. betrayal, infidelity. 4. colloq. faithless, disloyal. — etmek /a/ 1. to betray. 2. to be unfaithful to. — i vataniye obs. treason.
‘hıyar 1. bot. cucumber, Cucumis sativus. 2. slang dolt, blockhead. 3. slang stupid. 4. slang boorish, uncouth. — akçesiyle alman eşeğin ölümü sudan olur, proverb (A cheap donkey dies from water.) A cheap purchase isn’t worth the price.
2hiyar (.—) obs. freedom of choice. — hakkı law option, hıyarağa (./..) slang 1. blockhead. 2. boor, hıyarcık path, inguinal bubo, bubo in the groin, hıyarcıl path., see hıyarcık, hıyarlaşmak slang 1. to become doltish, turn into a dolt. 2. to become boorish, turn into a boor.
hıyarlık slang 1. stupidity. 2. boorishness. — etmek slang to do stupid things, hıyarşembe bot. drumstick tree, pudding-pipe tree, cassia, Cassia fistula. hız 1. speed, rapidity, velocity. 2. momentum, impetus. 3. force, strength, power, violence: Rüzgârın hızı kesildi. The wind’s died down. 4. loudness. 5. enthusiasm, spiritedness, spirit, vigor, vitality, zest, —mı alamamak 1. (for a vehicle) to be unable to get up to speed, not to go as fast as it should. 2. to be unable to slow down. 3. colloq. not to slack off: Kış hızını alamadı. Old man winter is still going strong. 4. colloq. still to be in a bad temper, still to be furious: Patron hızını alamadı, bir tekme daha attı. The boss’s fury was not yet spent. So he gave me yet another kick. — almak to take a running start, —mı almak 1. to subside, lose force. 2. to slow down; to lose momentum. — göstergesi speedometer. —ı-nı kaybetmek see hızını yitirmek, —mı kesmek to slow down. — kutusu gearbox.
   —   saati see hız göstergesi. — vermek /a/
   1. to speed (s.t.) up. 2. to enliven, —mı yitirmek (for s.t.) to weaken, lose its force.
   —   yolu superhighway.
hızar large circular saw (used for sawing logs); crosscut saw; pit saw; sash saw, mill saw.
   —   fabrikası sawmill.
hızarcı operator of a large circular saw; crosscut sawyer; pit sawyer, hızbüim (/..) kinetics.
Hızır an immortal being reputed to come to the rescue of those in deep distress. — gibi yetişmek colloq. to come as a godsend, come to the rescue at the right moment, hızla (/.) 1. rapidly, speedily. 2. with momentum. 3. forcefully, powerfully, violently. 4. loudly, hızlandırıcı accelerator, hızlandırılmak to be sped up; to be accelerated.
hızlandırma 111 speeding (s.o./s.t.) up; acceleration.
hızlandırmak 111 to speed (s.o./s.t.) up; to accelerate (s.t.). hızlanmak to gain speed, speed up, accelerate; to gain momentum.
hızlı
388
hidrodinamik
hızlı 1. swift, rapid, speedy. 2. forceful, strong, powerful, violent. 3. loud. 4. slang able to seduce women quickly, (s.o.) who is a fast operator. 5. speedily, rapidly, swiftly. 6. forcefully, strongly, powerfully, violently. 7. loudly. — hızlı 1. speedily, rapidly, swiftly.
    2. forcefully, strongly, powerfully, violently.
    3. loudly. — sağanak tez geçer.proverb (A cloudburst is soon over.) Things done in haste are not effective. — şoför slang boastful but inexperienced driver. — yaşamak colloq. to lead a fast life, live riotously.
hızlılık 1. speediness, swiftness, rapidity. 2. force, strength, power, violence. 3. loudness.
    4. slang ability to seduce women quickly, being a fast operator.
hızölçer (/..) accelerometer, hibe (—.) donation, gift. — etmek hi to donate, give.
hibrit 1. (a) hybrid. 2. hybrid, hybridous, hibritleşme hybridization, hicap bashfulness; shame, embarrassment. — duymak/etmek to feel ashamed, be embarrassed. — perdesi headscarf (worn by a Muslim woman). — ındaıı yere geçmek to be mortified, be very ashamed, feel like sinking under the floor.
Hicaz the Hejaz.
hicaz classical Turk. mus. a makam, hicazkâr (..—) classical Turk. mus. a makam, hiciv, -evi 1. satirizing; lampooning. 2. satirical piece of writing, satire; lampoon, hicivci satirist, satirizer; lampooner, lampoonist, hicran 1. separation. 2. sadness of heart, emotional pain. — olmak /a/ (for s.t.) to hurt (s.o.) deeply, grieve (s.o.) deeply, hicranli very sad, very painful.
Hicret, -ti the Hegira.
hicret, -ti emigration, exodus. — etmek to migrate, leave one’s home for another place. Hicri (.—) pertaining to the Hegira, of the Hegira. — sene Anno Hegirae, A.H. — takvim the Muslim calendar (based on 622 A.D., the year of the Hegira), hicvetmek (/..) hi to satirize; to lampoon, hicvi (.—) satirical, satiric, hicviyat, -ti (..—) obs. satirical writings, hicviye satirical piece of writing, hiç, -çi 1. never, not at all. 2. (in questions and negative sentences) ever; at all. 3. nothing, nothing at all. 4. zero. — bir see hiçbir. — biri see hiçbiri. — de not at all. — de öyle değil, colloq. It’s not as you think./Not a bit so. — değil no, not at all, not so. — değilse at least. — e indirgemek hi see hiçe saymak. — kimse (used with a negative verb) no one, nobody; anyone, anybody. — kuşku yok beyond a doubt, undoubtedly.
    —  mi hiç colloq. really never: İzmir’e hiç mi hiç gitmedin? Have you really never been to Izmir? — olmak 1. to lose one’s importance. 2. to perish, vanish. — olmazsa at least. — olur mu? colloq. Is it possible?/
   It won’t do. —e saymak hi to disregard (s.o J s.t.) completely, take no notice whatsoever of, ignore (s.o./s.t.) completely, regard (s.o./ s.t.) as completely unimportant. — yoktan colloq. for no reason at all. — yoktan iyi. colloq. He’s/She’s/it’s better than no one/ nothing at all. hiçbir (/.) (used with a negative verb) no ... at all, no ... whatever, no ... whatsoever; any ... at all; no ...; any ...: Hiçbir haber gelmedi. No news whatsoever has come. O zamana kadar hiçbir pilot Atlantik’i geçememişti. Up to then no pilot had been able to cross the Atlantic. Hiçbir yarışmacının bu problemi çözebileceğini sanmıyorum. I don’t suppose any contestant will be able to solve this problem. — surette (used with a negative verb) by no means whatsoever, in no way whatsoever. — şey (used with a negative verb) nothing at all; nothing. — yerde (used with a negative verb) anywhere at all, in any place whatsoever; nowhere at all; anywhere; nowhere, in no place. — zaman/ vakit (used with a negative verb) at no time whatever; never, hiçbiri, -ni (/..) (used with a negative verb) none of them, not one of them, hiççi phil. 1. (a) nihilist. 2. nihilist, nihilistic, hiççilik phil. nihilism.
hiçlemek hi to disregard (s.o./s.t.) completely, take no notice whatsoever of, ignore (s.o./ s.t.) completely, regard (s.o./s.t.) as completely unimportant, hiçleşmek to become insignificant, hiçleştirmek hi to reduce (s.o.) to a nonentity, hiçlik 1. nothingness, nihility, nullity. 2. utter insignificance, hiçten 1. worthless. 2. unnecessarily, for no good reason, hidatik hydatid, hydatic, hydatical. — kist path.
   hydatid, hydatid cyst, hidatit, -ti path, hydatid, hydatid cyst, hidayet, -ti (.—.) 1. searching for the right way. 2. entering the right way. 3. a God-inspired desire to seek the way of Truth. —e ermek to become a Muslim, hiddet, -ti anger, ire; fury; rage, hiddetlendirmek hi to anger; to infuriate; to enrage.
hiddetlenmek to get angry; to get furious; to get enraged, hiddetli angry; furious; enraged, hidemat, -ti (..—) obs. services. —ı amme public office, —i ammeden memnu banned from public office, hidra zool. hydra, Hydra. hidralar zool. Hydra. hidrasit, -ti chem. hydracid. hidrat, -ti chem. hydrate, hidraviyon seaplane, hydroplane, hidro- prefix hydro-, hidrobiyoloji hydrobiology, hidrodinamik 1. hydrodynamics. 2. hydrody-
hidroelektrik
389
hilekâr
   namic.
hidroelektrik hydroelectric. — santral hydroelectric power plant, hidrofil 1. absorbent. 2. hydrophilic, hydro-phile. — pamuk absorbent cotton, hidrofobi hydrophobia.
hidrofor pressure tank (used to maintain the water pressure in a building’s pipes), hidrograf hydrographer. hidrografi hydrography, hidrografik hydrographic, hydrographical. — araştırma hydrographic survey, hidrojen chem. hydrogen. — bombası hydrogen bomb, H-bomb. — sülfür chem. hydrogen sulfide.
hidrojenleme chem. hydrogenation, hydrogen-ization.
hidrojenlemek hi chem. to hydrogenate, hydro-genize. hidrojeoloji hydrogeology, hidrokarbon chem. hydrocarbon, hidrokarbonat, -ti chem. hydrocarbonate, bicarbonate, hidrokarbür chem., see hidrokarbon, hidroklorik chem. hydrochloric. — asit hydrochloric acid, hidroksil chem. hydroxyl group, hidroksit, -ti chem. hydroxide, hidrolik 1. hydraulic. 2. hydraulics. — fren hydraulic brake. — yağ hydraulic oil. hidroliz chem. hydrolysis, hidrolog hydrologist. hidroloji hydrology, hidrolojik hydrologic, hydrological, hidromekanik 1. hydromechanics. 2. hydromechanical, hidrometre (../.) hydrometer, hidrosefal, -li hydrocephalic, hidrosefali path, hydrocephalus, hydrocephaly, hidrosfer hydrosphere.
hidrosiyanik chem. hydrocyanic. — asit hydrocyanic acid, prussic acid, hidroskopi water-divining, searching for subterranean water, dowsing, water witching, rhabdomancy. hidrostatik 1. hydrostatics. 2. hydrostatic, hy-drostatical. hidroterapi hydrotherapy, hidrozol, -lü chem. hydrosol. hiffet, -ti obs. lightness, higro- prefix hygro-. higrometre (../.) hygrometer, higroskop, -pu hygroscope. higroskopik hygroscopic, higrostat, -ti humidistat, hygrostat. hijyen hygiene, hijyenik hygienic, hygienical, hikâye (.—.) 1. story, tale, narrative, narration. 2. lit. short story. 3. tall story, whopper. 4. colloq. situation, state of affairs. — birleşik zamanı gram, any compound tense formed by adding a past tense suffix to a verb already containing a tense ending (e.g. gelir-
    dim, geliyordum, gelmiştim, gelecektim).
    —     etmek hi to tell, relate, recount, hikâyeci (.— ..) 1. story writer; short story writer.
    2.    storyteller, hikâyecilik (.— ...) 1. story writing; short story writing. 2. storytelling, hikâyeleme (.— ...) hi making (s.t.) into a story; putting (s.t.) into narrative form; recounting (an event) in the form of a story, hikâyelemek (.— ...) hi to make (s.t.) into a story; to put (s.t.) into narrative form; to recount (an event) in the form of a story, hikmet, -ti 1. wisdom. 2. philosophy. 3. real meaning, hidden meaning. 4. purpose, point.
    5.    the unknowable intentions of God. 6. obs. physics, —inden sual olunmaz. Heaven only knows why ./It is a mystery. — i vücut obs. reason for existence, raison d’etre, hilaf 1. contrary, opposite. 2. colloq. lie. — ma Iml contrary to, in opposition to, in contravention to. —i hakikat obs. contrary to the truth, untrue. — olmasın .... colloq. If I’m not mistaken .... — ım varsa .... If I’m not telling the truth .... — yok. colloq. I’m not having you on ./I swear it’s the truth, hilafet, -ti (.—.) 1. Islam caliphate, califate. 2. Ott. hist, khilafat. 3. being a successor to a dervish sheikh. 4. being a dervish sheikh; rank of a dervish sheikh. 5. being the dervish who is regarded by his fellows as having the profoundest knowledge of God; the rank of such a dervish. 6. obs. being a successor; succession.
hilafsız really, truly, honest to God. — söylemek to tell someone the honest-to-goodness truth.
hilal, -li 1 . crescent moon. 2. crescent. 3. pointer (once used by children learning to read). H—i Ahdar obs. the Green Crescent. H—i Ahmer obs. the Red Crescent. H—i Ah-mere laf konuşmak slang to talk rot, be full of bull. — gibi colloq. narrow and arched (eyebrow), hilali (.----) 1. crescent-shaped, crescent, cres-
    centic. 2. a thin cloth made of silk and cotton. 3. gold-plated copper, hil’at, -ti Ott. hist., see hilat. hilat, -ti Ott. hist, robe of honor, khalat, khilat. hile (—.) 1. trick, ruse. 2. law fraud. 3. adulteration. — hurda bilmez. (Hilesi hurdası yok.) colloq. There is nothing tricky about him/her. — ile iş gören mihnet ile can verir. proverb (One who engages in fraud dies in misery.) A person who lives by trickery suffers for it in the end. — yapmak 1. to do something deceitful/fraudulent. 2. /da/ to adulterate (s.t.). hilebaz (—..) 1. trickster, fraud, swindler. 2.
    deceitful, dishonest, tricky, hileci (—..) deceitful, dishonest, tricky, hilecilik (—...) trickery, fraud, hilekâr (—..) 1. trickster, fraud, swindler. 2. deceitful, dishonest, tricky.
hilekârlık
390
hintkeneviri
hilekârlık (—...) fraud, dishonesty, trickery, hilelenmek (—...) colloq. to be suspicious, suspect trickery, smell a rat. hileli (—..) 1. fraudulent; fraudulently altered, rigged. 2. adulterated, impure. — iflas law fraudulent bankruptcy, hilesiz 1. honest, upright. 2. free of trickery, free of fraud. 3. pure, unadulterated, hilim, -lmi obs., see hilm. hilkat, -ti obs. 1. creation. 2. natural disposition; natural constitution, nature. — garibesi colloq. monstrosity, freak, hilkaten obs. by nature, hilki (.—) obs. natural, inborn, innate, hilm obs. 1. gentleness of nature. 2. forbearance;
   patience, hilozoizm phil. hylozoism. him prov. foundation, base (of a building, wall, etc.).
Himalaya 1. Himalaya. 2. Himalayan. — Dağları the Himalayas, the Himalaya, himalayaçamı, -m (.../..) bot. Bhotan pine, Bhutan pine, Pinus excelsa.
Himalayalar the Himalayas, the Himalaya, himalayasediri, -ni (.../...) bot. deodar cedar, deodar, Cedrus deodar a. himaye (.—.) 1. protection, defense. 2. patronage, support, —sinde (—si altında) Iml 1. under the protection of. 2. under the auspices of. —sine almak hi to take (s.o.) under one’s protection, take (s.o.) under one’s wing. — ateşi mil. covering fire. H—i Etfal Cemiyeti obs. Society for the Protection of Children. — etmek hi 1. to protect. 2. to patronize, support. — görmek /dan/ 1. to be protected by. 2. to be patronized by, be supported by. — kuvveti mil. covering force.
   —      mevzii mil. covering position, himayeci (.—..) econ. protectionist, himayecilik (.—...) econ. protectionism, himayekâr (.—.—) obs. 1. protector, patron. 2.
   protective, patronly. himayeli (.— ..) 1. protected; having a patron/ a protector. 2. escorted (ship, baggage train), himayesiz (.—..) 1. unprotected; lacking a patron/a protector. 2. unescorted (ship, baggage train), himen anat. hymen.
himmet, -ti 1. help, favor, auspices, protection.
   2.     work, effort. — inizle thanks to you, because of your help/influence. — etmek /a/ to help, exert o.s. (for), —in var olsun. All thanks to you for the help you have given, hin colloq. 1. cunning person, fox; slyboots. 2.
   crafty, foxy, sly. hindi 1. zool. turkey, Meleagris gallopavo. 2. slang sucker, pigeon. — gibi kabarmak colloq. to be puffed up with self-importance, be full of o.s. hindiakbabasi, -ni (./....) zool. turkey buzzard, turkey vulture, Cathartes aura. hindiba (..—) bot. chicory, succory, Cichorium intybus.
Hindiçini (..— —) 1. Indochina. 2. Indo-Chinese, of Indochina.
Hindistan 1. India. 2. Indian, of India, hindistancevizi, -ni (../...) 1. coconut. 2. bot. coconut palm, Cocos nucifera. 3. nutmeg. 4. bot. nutmeg tree, Myristica fragrans. hindistanfili, -ni (../..) zool. Indian elephant, Asiatic elephant, Elephas maximus.
Hindistani (..-------) Hindustani.
hindistansülünü, -nü (../...) zool. a 1 pheasant of Southeast Asia, hindolog scholar specializing in the languages of India.
hindoloji the study of the languages of India. Hindu (.—) 1. Hindi (one of the official languages of India). 2. Hindu.
Hinduizm Hinduism.
Hindukuş the Hindu Kush. — Dağları the Hindu Kush, the Hindu Kush Mountains.
Hindustani (..-------) see Hindistani.
hinlik colloq. craftiness, foxiness, slyness, hinoğlu, -nu (/..) colloq., see hinoğluhin, hinoğluhin (/...) colloq. 1. very cunning person, a real fox; quite a slyboots. 2. very crafty, very foxy, very sly.
Hint 1. Indian, of India. 2. India. — Avrupa dilleri Indo-European languages. — fakiri fakir. — Okyanusu the Indian Ocean, hintarmudu, -nu (/...) bot. guava tree, Psid-ium guajava. hintayvasi, -m (/...) bot. custard apple, Annona reticulata.
hintbademi, -ni (/—..) bot. cacao tree, Theo-broma cacao. liintbaklasi, -m (/...) bot. tonka bean, Dipteryx odorata.
hintbamyasi, -m (/...) bot. ambary, Hibiscus cannabinus.
hintbezelyesi, -ni (/....) bot. horse gram, horse.
   grain, Dolichos biflorus. hintdansi, -ni (/...) bot. pearl millet, Penni-setum glaucum. hintdomuzu, -nu (/...) zool. 1. Indian wild boar. 2. guinea pig, cavy, Cavia cobay a. hinterlant hinterland.
hintfıstığı, -m (/...) bot. physic nut, Jatropha curcas.
hintfulü, -nü (/..) bot. Indian lotus, Nelumbo nucifera.
hintgüreşi, -ni (/...) Indian wrestling, hinthiyan, -m (/...) bot. drumstick tree, pud-ding-pipe tree, cassia, Cassia fistula. hinthurmasi, -ni (/...) bot. palmyra, Borassus flabellifer.
hintinciri, -ni (/...) bot. 1. prickly pear, Bar-bary fig, Opuntia ficus-indica. 2. banyan, Ficus benghalensis.
İlintiriniği, -ni (/...) sago (used in cooking), hintkamışı, -m (/...) bot. rattan palm, Calamus rotang.
hintkeneviri, -ni (/....) bot. Indian hemp, bhang, hemp, cannabis, marijuana, Cannabis sativa indica.
hintkertenkelesi
391
hitabet
hintkertenkelesi, -ni         zool.  1. flying liz-
    ard, flying dragon, dragon, Draco. 2. iguana, Iguana iguana. hintkestanesi, -ni (..— ..) bot., see atkestanesi. hintkirazi, -ni (/...) bot. mango, Mangifera indica.
hintkobrasi, -m (/...) zool. Indian cobra, spectacled cobra, Naja naja.
Hintli 1. (an) Indian (a native of India). 2.
    Indian, of India, hintmandasi, -m (/...) zool. water buffalo, Indian buffalo, Bubalus bubalis/Bos bubalis. hinto (horse-drawn) coach, carriage, hintpirinci, -ni (/...) bot. wild rice, Indian rice, Zizania latifolia. hintsafram, -m (/...) bot. turmeric, Curcuma longa.
hintsansi, -m (/...) Indian yellow, piuri. hinttimsahi, -ni (/...) zool. mugger, marsh crocodile, Crocodylus palustris. hintyağı, -ni (/..) castor oil, ricinus oil. hintyağıbitkisi, -ni (/.....) bot. castor-oil plant, mole-bean plant, mole bean, hiper- prefix hyper-, hiperbol, -lü geom. hyperbola, hiperbolik geom. hyperbolic, hiperboloidal, -li geom. hyperboloidal. hiperboloit geom. 1. hyperboloidal. 2. hyperboloid.
hipereksitabilite hyperexcitability, hipermetrop, -pu farsighted, hypermetropic, hipertansiyon (/....) path, high blood pressure, hypertension, hipertermi hyperthermia, hipertrofi path, hypertrophy, hipnotize see ipnotize, hipnotizma (../.) see ipnotizma, hipnotizmacı (../..) see ipnotizmacı, hipnoz see ipnoz, hipo- prefix hypo-, hipodrom hippodrome.
hipofiz anat. pituitary body, pituitary gland, hypophysis, hipoglisemi path, hypoglycemia, hipokondri hypochondria, hipopotam zool. hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius. hipostaz hypostasis, hipotalamus anat. hypothalamus, hipotansiyon (/....) path, low blood pressure, hypotension, hipotenüs geom. hypotenuse, hipotetik hypothetical, hipotez hypothesis.
hipotrofi path, hypotrophy, abiotrophy, hippi hippie, hippy.
hippilik hippiness; the hippie way of life, hiraman (.— —) obs., see hiraman. hirfet, -ti obs. craft, trade, hirfetçi obs. craftsman.
his, -ssi 1. (a) feeling; (an) emotion. 2. sensation, feeling. 3. a sense (one of the five senses), —lerine kapılmak to be ruled by
   one’s emotions. (...) —ini vermek to give the impression that .... hisar 1. castle, fort. 2. classical Turk. mus. a makam.
hisarbuselik (..— ..) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
hislenmek to be affected, be moved, be touched, hisli sensitive, easily moved, easily affected. Hispanyola (../.) Hispaniola, hispirik colloq. clumsy, hisse 1. share, allotted portion, part, lot. 2. lesson (learned from observation/reading), special meaning or warning (drawn from s.t.).
   —      almak /dan/ to draw a lesson from, learn a lesson from. — çıkarmak 1. /dan, kendine/ to regard (a critical remark) as directed to o.s. (and then take offense). 2. /dan/ to learn something useful as a result of. — kapmak /dan/ to draw a lesson from, learn a lesson from. — senedi fin. share, equity, stock. — senedi primi fin. share premium, hissedar shareholder; stockholder; joint owner, hissedarlık being a shareholder; being a stockholder; joint ownership, hissedilmek to be sensed, be perceived, hisseişayia (./.— ..) law a share in an undivided property.
hisseişayialı (./.— ...) law jointly owned, hisseli divided into shares; belonging to various people, jointly owned, hisset, -ti obs. stinginess, meanness, miserliness, hissetmek (/..) /ı/ to feel, perceive, sense, hissettirilmek /a/ to be made perceptible (to), hissettirmek /i, a/ 1. to cause (s.o.) to perceive (s.t.). 2. to let (s.o.) know about (s.t.). hissi (.—) pertaining to the feelings, emotional, hissikablelvuku, -uu (/....—) obs. presentiment, premonition, hissiselim (/...) common sense, hissiyat, -ti feelings; emotions, —a kapılmak to be ruled by one’s emotions, hissiz 1. insensitive, callous, unfeeling. 2. numb, devoid of sensation, hissizlik 1. insensitivity, callousness. 2. numbness.
histamin biochem. histamine, histamin. — karşıtı antihistaminic. histerezis (./..) phys. hysteresis, histeri psych., see isteri, histerik psych., see isterik, histoloji histology, hiş colloq., see hişt. hişt, -ti colloq. Hey!/Look here! hitabe (.—.) speech, address; oration, hitaben (•—•) /a/ addressing (s.o.), speaking to (s.o.): Vali, köylülere hitaben yeni yol hakkında kısa bir konuşma yaptı. The governor, addressing the villagers, made a short speech about the new road. O lafı bana hitaben söyledin. You addressed that remark to me.
hitabet, -ti (.—.) oratory, the art of public speaking.
hitam
392
hodkâm
hitam (.—) obs. end, close, conclusion; completion. — bulmak (—a ermek) to come to a conclusion; to be completed. — vermek /a/ to bring (s.t.) to an end; to put an end to (s.t.).
hitan (.—) obs. circumcision, hitap 1. act of addressing (s.o.), speaking to (s.o.). 2. form of address, way of addressing someone directly. — etmek /a/ to address, speak to.
                                                                  Hitit, -ti hist. 1. Hittite. 2. Hittite, of the Hittites. Hititçe (./.) 1. Hittite, the Hittite language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Hittite, Hittite. 3. Hittite (speech/writing); spoken in Hittite; written in Hittite.
Hititolog scholar specializing in Hittitology. Hititoloji Hittitology, the study of Hittite language and culture, hiyerarşi hierarchy, hiyerarşik hierarchical, hierarchic, hiyeroglif hieroglyph.
hiza (.—) 1. line, level (to which s.t. is adjusted). 2. mil. alignment, alinement. — smi bulmak to get into line, line up, form a straight line: Çocuklar, hizanızı bulun! Get into line, children! — ya gelmek 1. to get into line, come into line, line up, form a straight line. 2. (for soldiers) to dress, form a straight line, line up. 3. colloq. to shape up, behave, straighten up; to mind, obey; to come into line; to toe the line, (aym/bir)
    —ya gelmek /la/ to reach the same level (as). — ya getirmek III 1. to align, aline, line (people/things) up, get (people/things) into a straight line; to bring (things) into line, arrange (things) in a straight line. 2. to dress (soldiers), make (soldiers) form a straight line, line (soldiers) up. 3. colloq. to make (s.o.) shape up, make (s.o.) behave, straighten (s.o.) out; to make (s.o.) mind, make (s.o.) obey; to bring (s.o.) into line; to make (s.o.) toe the line, (aynı, bir) — ya getirmek /ı, la/ to put (one person/thing) on a level with (another person/thing). —ya sokmak hi 1. to line (people/things) up, get (people/things) into a straight line; to arrange (things) in a straight line. 2. colloq. to make (s.o.) shape up, make (s.o.) behave, straighten (s.o.) out; to make (s.o.) mind, make (s.o.) obey; to bring (s.o.) into line; to make (s.o.) toe the line.
hizalamak (.— ..) 1. hi to align, aline, line (people/things) up, get (people/things) into a straight line; to bring (things) into line, arrange (things) in a straight line. 2. hi to get in line behind (s.o./s.t.); to get in line alongside (s.o./s.t.). 3. to get into line, line up, form a straight line, hizip, -zbi faction, clique, hizipçi member of a clique, factionary. hizipçilik factionalism, cliquism. hizipleşmek to separate into factions, hizmet, -ti 1. service. 2. duty. 3. care, main-
   tenance. — akdi labor contract. — birliği mil. service unit. — bölüğü mil. service company. —inde bulunmak Iml see hizmetinde olmak. — eri mil. orderly. — etmek /a/ to serve. — e girmek 1. to be put into operation, be put into service. 2. to begin working in the civil service. — ine girmek Iml to become an employee of (a person/a firm).
   —      görmek 1. to work. 2. to work as civil servant. 3. /dan/ to be served by (s.o.). — i-ni görmek Iml 1. to work as (s.o.’s) servant/ helper. 2. to function in place of. — hareketleri mil. service operations. — içi eğitim in-service training. — madalyası mil. service medal. — neferi mil., see hizmet eri. —inde olmak Iml to be in the service of. — şahadetnamesi certificate given to an employee whose contract has been terminated. — şeridi mil. service stripe, hizmetçi maidservant, maid. — baldırı slang a hand-rolled cigarette that is very thick. —- kırarsa suç, hanım kırarsa kaza, proverb (When the maid breaks something, it’s a crime; when her mistress breaks something, it’s an accident.) The boss can do no wrong, hizmetçilik being a maid, maiding, hizmetkâr manservant, hizmetkârlık working as a manservant, hizmetli person who works as a cleaner/a messenger/a doorman in a government office. Ho chem. Ho (holmium). hobi (/.) hobby.
hoca 1. Islam hodja, khoja, khojah (a devout Muslim man who is respected for his knowledge of Islam and who may perform a specific duty within an Islamic community). 2. colloq. teacher. 3. colloq. an üfürükçü, maker of charms and potions, magician, enchanter. —mn dediğini yap (söylediğini dinle), yaptığını yapma. (Hocanın okuduğunu dinle, gittiği yola gitme.) proverb Do as the hodja says, not as he does. — nın vurduğu yerde gül biter, proverb (Roses spring up where a teacher has struck.) Children benefit from the beatings their teachers give them, hocalık 1. Islam being a hodja; work of a hodja; rank of hodja. 2. colloq. being a teacher, teaching; work of a teacher; rank of teacher.
   3. colloq. being an üfürükçü; being a maker of charms and potions. — etmek 1. to serve as a hodja. 2. colloq. to teach, work as a teacher. 3. /a/ colloq. to try to give advice to.
hodan bot. borage, Bor ago officinalis. hodangiller bot. Boraginaceae. hodbehot (/..) obs. of one’s own accord, hodbin obs. selfish, egocentric, egotistic, egotistical.
hodbini (.— —) obs., see hodbinlik, hodbinlik obs. selfishness, egocentricity. hodkâm (.—) obs. 1. selfish, self-centered. 2. self-willed, willful. 3. phil., ethics egoistic (as opposed to altruistic). 4. phil., ethics (an)
 hodkâmlık                                        393
                                                              egoist (as opposed to an altruist). hodkâmlık (.—.) obs. 1. selfishness, self-centeredness. 2. self-willedness, willfulness. 3. phil., ethics egoism (as opposed to altruism). hodpesent obs. self-satisfied, self-applauding, hodpesentlik obs. self-satisfaction, self-applause.
hodri meydan (/. ..) colloq. Come and try!/I dare you!
hohlama /a or ı/ breathing on, blowing one’s breath upon, hohlamak /a or ı/ to breathe on, blow one’s breath upon, hokey (/.) sports hockey, hokka 1. inkwell, inkstand, inkpot. 2. cup, pot.
   —      çukuru anat. acetabulum. — gibi colloq. small and pretty (mouth). — gibi oturmak /a/ colloq. (for an article of clothing) to fit (s.o.) perfectly, be a perfect fit. hokkabaz 1. juggler; conjurer. 2. cheat, trickster, swindler, sharper, con man, con artist, double -dealer, crook. 3. dishonest, tricky, double -dealing, crooked; shifty, slippery, shady, hokkabazlık 1. juggling; sleight of hand. 2. dishonesty, double-dealing, crookedness; shiftiness.
Hkol, -lii hall (not a corridor but a centrally located room into which the major rooms open).
2hol, -lü hole (used of coin-return holes in vending machines, telephones, etc.). holding, -gi holding company, holdingleşmek to become a holding company, holigan hooligan.
Hollanda (./.) 1. the Netherlands, Holland. 2. Dutch, of the Netherlands. — peyniri Edam cheese, Edam.
Hollanda Antilleri, -ni 1. the Netherlands Antilles. 2. Netherlands Antilles, of the Netherlands Antilles.
Hollandaca (./..) 1. Dutch, the Dutch language, Netherlandish. 2. (speaking/writing) in Dutch, Dutch. 3. Dutch (speech/writing); spoken in Dutch; written in Dutch.
                                                              HollandalI (./..) 1. Netherlander; Dutchman;
   Dutchwoman. 2. Dutch (person), hollandatavşanı, -m (./....) Dutch rabbit, holmiyum (/..) chem. holmium. holografi holography, hologram hologram.
holosen geol. 1. the Holocene, the Holocene epoch. 2. Holocene, of the Holocene. holotüritler zool. Holothurioidea. holştayn (/.) 1. (a) Holstein, Holstein cow. 2.
   Holstein, of the Holstein breed, homo (/.) colloq. homo, homosexual, homogen see homojen, homojen homogeneous, homojenlik homogeneity, homogeneousness, homolog homologous, homonim 1. homonym. 2. homonymous, homoseksüel 1. (a) homosexual. 2. pertaining to or characterized by homosexuality, homo-
                                                                                                      ’hor
    sexual.
homoseksüellik homosexuality, homoteti geom. homothety, similarity, homotetik geom. homothetic, similar, homurdanmak 1. to mutter angrily to o.s., grumble in low tones. 2. (for a bear) to growl.
homur homur (./ ..) in an angry mutter, grum-blingly. — homurdanmak 1. colloq. to mutter quite audibly, grumble quite audibly. 2. (for a bear) to growl quite audibly. — söylenmek colloq. to mutter angrily to o.s., grumble in low tones, homurtu 1. angry muttering, low grumbling; angry mutter, low grumble. 2. growling; growl (of a bear), hona (/.) prov., zool. male deer, stag. Honduras (/..) 1. Honduras. 2. Honduras, Honduran, of Honduras.
HonduraslI (/...) 1. (a) Honduran. 2. Honduran (person).
Hong Kong, -gu 1. Hong Kong. 2. Hong Kong, of Hong Kong.
Honkong, -gu see Hong Kong, hop, -pu colloq. 1. There you go!/That’s the way!/Whee! (said to hearten s.o. who is in the act of jumping, diving, sliding, etc). 2. Upsy-daisy! 3. Hey!/Look out! (said in warning): Hop, gelen var! Look out, somebody’s coming! — hop! Stop!/Whoa! (said to a driver trying to maneuver a vehicle). — hop sıçramak colloq. to jump for joy. — oturup hop kalkmak colloq. to be hopping mad, be fit to be tied, hoparlör loudspeaker.
hoplamak 1. to jump up (in the air). 2. to start, be startled. 3. to jump for joy. hoplaya hoplaya 1. jumping up and down, jigging up and down. 2. colloq. eagerly, hoplaya zip-laya jigging about, jigging up and down, bouncing about, hoplatılmak to be dandled, hoplatmak /i/ to dandle; to bounce (a child) on one’s knee, hoppa flighty, whimsical, mercurial, volatile, light-headed, giddy, hoppa (/—) Upsy-daisy! hoppala (.'..) 1. Upsy-daisy! 2. Just what is this? (said in surprise and annoyance). 3. There you go’./That’s the way!AVhee! (said to hearten s.o. who is in the act of jumping, diving, sliding, etc). 4. jumper, baby’s play -chair hung by a spring. — bebek colloq. a spoiled, childish person, hoppalık flightiness, whimsicality, mercuriality, volatility, light-headedness, giddiness. — etmek to behave in a flighty/mercurial way. hopurdatmak /ı/ to slurp, sip noisily.
!hor used in: — bakmak /a/ to look down on, look down one’s nose at, have a low opinion of. —a gelmek (for s.t.) to be able to take abuse (without becoming damaged). — görmek /ı/ to look on (s.o./s.t.) with scorn,
    scorn; to regard (s.o./s.t.) with disdain. — kullanmak hi to treat (s.t.) roughly, abuse.
   —   tutmak hi to treat (s.o.) with contempt, be deliberately rude to.
2hor prov. nice, pleasing, —a geçmek to meet with approval, be liked; to be appreciated, hora (/.) hora (a round dance popular in Thrace). — tepmek 1. to dance the hora. 2. colloq. to stamp noisily; to make a loud stamping noise, horain slang heroin, junk, horan see horon.
horanta (./.) colloq. family, household, horasan mortar made of brick dust and lime.
horasani (..------) a tall cap that was worn with
    a turban wrapped around its lower portion, horda horde.
horgörü (/..) contempt, scorn, horhor rushing water, horlamak to snore.
2horlamak hi to treat (s.o.) contemptuously;
    to scorn, despise, horlanmak to be treated contemptuously; to be scorned, be despised, horluk contemptibility, despicableness, despi-cability. hormon hormone, hormonal hormonal, hormonic. hornblent (/.) hornblende, horon a folk dance of the eastern Black Sea coastal region. — tepmek to dance the horon.
horoz 1. zool. cock, rooster. 2. hammer (of a gun), cock. 3. bridge (of a lock). 4. slang tough guy, tough. — akıllı colloq. bird -brained, stupid. — u çok olan köyde sabah geç olur, proverb (In a village with too many cocks, morning comes late.) Too many cooks spoil the stew. — dövüşü 1. cockfight. 2. a variety of Indian wrestling in which the contestants slap at each other while in a squatting position. — evlenir, tavuk tellenir, proverb (The rooster gets married and the hen struts.) Why are you rejoicing over this, since it has nothing to do with you? — falı alectryomancy. — fasulyesi a small white bean. — gibi 1. colloq. quarrelsome, quick-tempered, always ready for a fight. 2. like a rooster, —dan kaçar colloq. (woman) who avoids the company of men.
   —   kafalı colloq., see horoz akıllı. — ölür, gözü çöplükte kalır, proverb (Even when a cock is dying he is greedy for his dunghill.) One can never become reconciled to losing rank, wealth, or power. — ötmeden colloq. before daybreak. — lar öttü, colloq. (The cocks have crowed.) Morning has broken. — şekeri see horozşekeri.
horozağırlık (./...) sports, see horozsiklet. horozayağı, -m (..'...) cartridge extractor, horozbina (../.) zool. blenny, Blennius. horozbinagiller (../...) zool. Blenniidae. horozcuk bot., see horozcukotu.
horozcukotu, -nu (../..) bot. field cress, cow cress, field peppergrass, Lepidium cam-pestre.
horozgözü, -nü (./..) bot. cicely, Myrrhis odor ata.
                               horozibiği, -ni (./...) bot. 1. amaranth, love lies -bleeding, Amaranthus. 2. cockscomb, Celo-sia cristata. horozibiğigiller (./.....) bot. Amaranthaceae. horozlanmak colloq. to assume a threatening manner; to bluster, swagger truculently, horozluk colloq. 1. bluster, truculent swagger.
   2. pugnacious pride, horozmantan, -ni (./...) bot. chanterelle, Can-tharellus cibarius. horozsiklet, -ti (./..) sports bantamweight (not over 56 kg.), horozşekeri, -ni (./...) lollipop in the shape of a rooster, hortikültür horticulture, hortlak fearsome ghost, evil apparition, goblin, specter.
hortlamak 1. to rise from the grave and haunt people. 2. (for a problem) to arise again. 3. slang to get in a towering rage, have a conniption, have kittens, blow one’s stack, hortum 1. hose (for conveying fluids). 2. trunk, proboscis (of an elephant). 3. proboscis (of insects and some other invertebrates). 4. whirlwind, waterspout. — gibi snoutlike, snouty, snoutish (nose). — sıkmak /a/ to jet water on (a fire) with a fire hose, stream water on (a fire) with a fire hose, hortumlu 1. trunked, proboscidate (mammal).
   2. proboscidate, proboscidean (insect/invertebrate). 3. equipped with a hose. — böcekler zool. H emipter alRhyne ho ta.
hortumlular zool. Proboscidea. horuldamak to snore, horul horul (./ ..) snoring loudly, horultu snore; snoring sound, sound of snoring; snoring, horyat, -ti see hoyrat.
hostes stewardess, hostess (on an airplane, ship, etc.).
hosteslik being a stewardess, hostessing (on an airplane, ship, etc.). hoş 1. pleasant, nice, agreeable, pleasing, genial. 2. quaint, charmingly unconventional.
   3. {used with bir) strange, odd, peculiar: O şarkıyı duyunca Turgut’un yüzü bir hoş oldu. When he heard that song Turgut got an odd look on his face. Midem bir hoş. My stomach feels funny. Basri’nin söylediklerine hiç aldırma; kafası bir hoştur. Don’t pay any attention to what Basri says; he’s touched in the head. 4. even if: Hoş, param da olsa almazdım. Even if I had the money I wouldn’t buy it. 5. anyway, anyhow: Hoş, bunu biliyordum. I knew this anyway. — bulduk! Thank you! {said in reply to a welcoming greeting). — geçinmek /la/ to get on well (with). — geldiniz!
hoşaf                                                395
   Welcome! (said to an arriving guest), —a gitmek to be pleasing, please. —una gitmek
   1.  to like, be pleased with; to enjoy. 2. /in/ to please. — görmek hi to be tolerant of, overlook, condone. — karşılamak hi to assent to, give one’s assent to. — tutmak hi to be nice to, make (s.o.) feel welcome.
hoşaf stewed fruit, compote. — gibi colloq. dead tired, dog-tired, beat. — ma gitmek colloq. 1. to like, be pleased with; to enjoy.
   2.  /in/ to please. — m yağı kesilmek /da/ colloq. to be flabbergasted, be left open -mouthed with amazement.
hoşaflık 1. good for making compote. 2. colloq.
   weakness; weariness, hoşbeş colloq. 1. exchange of greetings. 2.
                                                                 . friendly chat. — etmek 1. to say hello to each other; /la/ to say hello to. 2. /la/ to have a friendly chat (with), hoşça 1. pretty well, somewhat pleasant. 2. pleasantly. — kal/kalm! Bye!/Take it easy!
   Brit. Cheers! (said by the one who is leaving). hoşgörü (/..) tolerance, hoşgörücü (/...) see hoşgörülü, hoşgörülü (/...) tolerant, hoşgörür (/..) see hoşgörülü, hoşgörürlük (/...) tolerance, hoşgörüsüz (/...) intolerant, hoşgörüsüzlük (/....) intolerance, hoşhoş child’s language dog, bowwow, woof -woof, woof, hoşlanmak /dan/ to like, be pleased with; to enjoy.
                                                                 hoşlaşmak 1. to become attractive, become pleasant and agreeable. 2. to like each other, hoşluk 1. pleasantness, niceness, agreeableness, pleasingness, geniality. 2. quaintness.
   3.  (used with bir) strangeness, oddness (especially in the sense of queasiness, dizziness, or mental disturbance): Demin yüzünde bir hoşluk vardı. You had an odd look on your face just then. Bekri’nin başında bir hoşluk var. Bekri feels light-headed. Kadıncağızda bir hoşluk var. The poor woman’s a bit touched in the head.
hoşnut /dan/ pleased/satisfied/contented (with), glad (about). — etmek l\l to please, gladden (s.o.). — olmak /dan/ to be pleased (with), be glad (about), hoşnutluk pleasure, satisfaction, contentment, gladness. — getirmek /dan/ to indicate that one is pleased with, hoşnutsuz displeased, dissatisfied, discontented.
hoşnutsuzluk displeasure, dissatisfaction, discontent. — getirmek /dan/ to indicate that one is not pleased with, hoşor slang, see hoşur, hoşsohbet, -ti (s.o.) who is good at making conversation, who converses well, hoşt, -tu Shoo!/Scram! (noise made to frighten away a dog).
                                                                                             höşmerim
hoşuntu prov. resentment, hoşur slang 1. plump and attractive (woman). 2. plump and attractive woman. 3. worthless.
   4. crude, uncouth.
Hotanto (./.) 1. (a) Hottentot. 2. Hottentot, of the Hottentots.
Hotantoca (./..) 1. Hottentot, the Hottentot language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Hottentot, Hottentot. 3. Hottentot (speech/writing); spoken in Hottentot; written in Hottentot, hotoz 1. tuft, crest (of feathers on a bird’s head), topknot. 2. bun. topknot (of hair). 3. finial.
   4.formerly a headdress (for a woman), hotozlu 1. tufted, crested (bird). 2. wearing her hair in a bun. 3. finialed. 4 .formerly wearing a hotoz, hovarda 1. (s.o.) who will spend money extravagantly in order to have a good time, who is a big spender when it comes to pleasure. 2. (s.o.) who chases women, who womanizes, who philanders. 3. big spender when it comes to pleasure.- 4. woman chaser, womanizer, philanderer, rake. 5. prostitute’s rich lover; sugar daddy, hovardaca (../.) 1. (spending money) extravagantly. 2. like a big spender out for a good time. 3. like a woman chaser, like a philanderer.
hovardalanmak 1. to act like a big spender. 2. to act like a woman chaser, play the philanderer.
hovardalaşmak 1. to turn into a big spender. 2. to turn into a woman chaser, turn into a philanderer.
hovardalık 1. spending money extravagantly in pursuit of pleasure, spending big in order to have a good time. 2. chasing women, womanizing, philandering. — etmek 1. to spend money extravagantly in pursuit of pleasure, spend big in order to have a good time. 2. to chase women, womanize, philander, hoverkraft, -ti (/..) hovercraft, Hovercraft, hoyrat, -ti 1. rough, coarse, clumsy (person).
   2.    name of a kind of song popular in southeastern Anatolia, hoyratlık clumsiness. — etmek to be rough, act roughly, höcre obs., see hücre, hödük boorish, uncouth (person), hödüklük boorishness, uncouthness. — etmek to behave boorishly, höl prov. dampness, moisture, höllük prov. dry earth (used instead of diapers under a baby’s swaddling clothes), höngürtü prov., see hüngürtü. höpürdetmek hi to slurp, sip noisily, höpürtü (a) slurp, (a) noisy sip. hörgüç (camel’s) hump, hörgüçlenmek to swell protuberantly, form a protuberance, protuberate. hörgüçlü humped.
höst, -tü 1. Whoa! 2. vulg. Hey you bastard! höşmerim a sweet made of unsalted cheese,
 höt
 396
hurda
    flour, and sugar, höt, -tü Boo! — demek /a/ colloq. to speak sharply to, snap at, yell at. — zöt colloq. intimidating behavior, hectoring, browbeating, buffaloing. — zöt etmek /a/ colloq. to hector, browbeat, buffalo, höykürmek (for dervishes) to chant together, höyük 1. archaeol. tumulus. 2. prov. (man -made) mound, hillock.
 Hristiyan 1. (a) Christian. 2. Christian, pertaining to Jesus Christ, Christianity, or Christians.
 Hristiyanlaşmak to become a Christian. Hristiyanlaştırmak III to Christianize. Hıristiyanlık 1. Christianity. 2. Christendom. Hr is to (/.) see Mesih.
 Hu (—) He (referring to God). — çekmek to chant the word Hu. — erenler! said by a Bektashi dervish when greeting one or several of his fellow dervishes. hu (—) Yoo-hoo! (usually used among women): Hu Ayşe, nasılsın? Yoo-hoo Ayşe, how’re you doing?
 hububat, -ti (.—.) grain (the harvested seeds of any of the cereal plants), huceste obs. fortunate, happy.
 Huda (.-) God.
 hudayinabit, -ti (.— .—.) 1. wild, self-sown, volunteer (plant). 2. (person) raised with little or no supervision. 3. self-taught, huddam (.—) obs. 1. servants. 2. spirits in the service of a hodja. hudus (.—) obs. occurrence, happening, taking place. — etmek to occur, happen, take place.
 hudut 1. border, frontier. 2. boundary, limit.
    —     dışı etmek /ı/ to deport, expel (s.o.) (from a country). — kapısı (a) border crossing, hudutlandirmak hi to limit, put a limit on, set a limit to. hudutlanmak to be limited, hudutlu 1. /la/ bounded by. 2. limited, restricted.
                                                                 hudutsuz 1. lacking a border/a frontier/a boundary/a limit. 2. boundless, limitless, unlimited, unrestricted. — sigorta fin. unlimited insurance, huğ prov. a mud-brick hut with a reed roof, hukuk, -ku 1. law, jurisprudence. 2. civil law.
    3. law rights. 4. friendship. — u amme obs. public law. — davası civil lawsuit. — doktoru doctor of law. — fakültesi law school.
    —u hususiye obs. private law. — ilmi jurisprudence. — mahkemesi civil court. — müşaviri legal adviser, —undan vazgeçmek to give up one’s rights, hukukan (•—"•) see hukuken, hukukçu jurist, hukukçuluk being a jurist, hukuken (.—'.) legally.
 hukuki (.-------) legal, of or relating to law. —
    varlık legal entity.
 'hukuklu colloq. law student.
hukuksal legal, of or relating to law. hulasa (.—.) 1. summary, resume. 2. chem. extract. 3. (.' — .) in short, summing up, the long and the short of it is that .... — etmek hi to summarize, sum up. — i kelam obs. 1. in short, briefly put. 2. gist, sum and substance.
hulasaten (.— ..) in short, briefly put. hulefa (..—) obs. caliphs. H—i Raşidin Islam the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs (the first four caliphs), hulf obs. breaking (one’s word); violating (an oath).
hulk, -ku obs. character, temperament, nature, hulki (.—) obs. pertaining to character/temperament.
hulliyat, -ti (..—) obs. valuable jewelry, hulul, -lü (.—) obs. 1. penetration; infiltration. 2. osmosis. 3. arrival, beginning (of a time).
   —      etmek 1. /a/ to penetrate; to infiltrate. 2. /a/ to diffuse by osmosis to. 3. (for a time) to arrive, begin, hulus (.—) obs. sincerity, purity of heart. — çakmak /a/ colloq. to toady, flatter, huluskâr (.— —) 1. obs. sincere, genuine. 2.
   colloq. sycophantic, huluskarlık (.—..) 1. obs. sincerity. 2. colloq.
   sycophancy, flattery, hulya (.—) daydream. — ya dalmak to be lost in a daydream, hülyalı (.—.) 1. dreamy, romantic; fanciful. 2. (s.t.) which causes one to daydream/fantasize.
humar (.—) obs. 1. hangover (from drink). 2.
   loginess (from sleep), humbara (/..) obs. 1. bomb, shell, bombshell.
   2.     hand grenade, grenade, humbaraci (/...) obs. 1. mortarman. 2. grenadier, grenade-thrower. humma (.—) path, fever, hummalı (.—.) 1. having a fever, feverish. 2.
   colloq. feverish, intense (activity).
^umus humus (the organic portion of soil). 2humus, -msu mashed chickpeas with sesame oil, lemon, and spices, hunhar bloodthirsty, sanguinary, hunharca (./.) 1. rather bloodthirsty. 2. bloodthirstily, hunharlık bloodthirstiness, huni funnel (for pouring liquids), hunnak, -ki (.—) obs., path, inflammation of the throat, quinsy, hunriz (.—) obs. murderous, bloodthirsty, hura (/.) Hurray!/Hurrah! hurafat, -ti (.— —) obs. old wives5 tales, superstitious nonsense, hurafe (.—.) superstition, old wives’ tale, hurç 1. long bag (made of canvas or leather and used to carry or store items such as rugs). 2. trunk/chest (made of leather). 3. a large saddlebag of leather/canvas, hurda 1. scrap iron, scrap metal. 2. scrap (metal): hurda demir scrap iron. 3. colloq. com-
hurdacı
397
huzur
    pletely worn-out, ready for the scrap heap.
    4.    slang hashish. —ya çevirmek hi colloq. to wear (s.t.) out. —sı çıkmak Iml colloq. (for s.t.) to become worn-out. —sı çıkmış colloq. worn-out (thing). — fiyatına colloq. very cheaply; below cost, hurdacı scrap-iron dealer, hurdacılık scrap-iron business, hurdahaş smashed to bits, smashed to smithereens; damaged beyond repair. — etmek h! to smash (s.t.) to smithereens. — olmak
    1. to be smashed to bits. 2. colloq. to become dead tired.
hurdalaşmak to become worn-out, become fit for the scrap heap, huri (—.) houri. — gibi colloq. very beautiful (giri)-
                                                                    hurma 1. date (fruit). 2. colloq. persimmon. — ağacı bot. date palm, Phoenix dactylifera.
    —     tatlısı a date-shaped sweet, hurmalık date grove, hurra (/.) Hurrah! hurrem obs. happy, cheerful, huruç (.—) obs. 1. coming out, going out, egress. 2. bursting forth; sally, sortie. 3. rebellion. — etmek 1. to come out, go out.
    2. to burst forth; to sally forth, make a sortie.
    3. to rebel.
hurufat, -ti (.—.) print. 1. type. 2. typeface. — dökmek to cast type. — kasası type case. Hurufi (.— —) Hurufi, member of the Hurufi sect.
Hurufîlik (.— —.) the Hurufi sect (a Shi‘ite sect founded in the fourteenth century), huruş (.—) obs. shouting; clamor.
huruşan (.--------) obs. shouting; clamorous.
husar obs., mil. hussar, husuf (.—) obs., astr. lunar eclipse, husul, -lü (.—) coming into existence, being produced. — bulmak to come into existence, be produced, come to be, happen. — e gelmek to come into being, come to pass, originate, form, develop. — e getirmek /ı/ to accomplish, bring to pass, bring about, husumet, -ti (.—.) 1. enmity, hostility. 2. law lawsuit. — beslemek /a/ to nurture enmity (toward).
husus 1. matter, subject, question; case. 2. a particular point; relation, respect; peculiarity, particularity, —unda concerning, in connection with, hususat, -ti (.-------) 1. matters, subjects, ques-
    tions; cases. 2. particular points; relations, respects; peculiarities, particularities, hususen (.—'.) in particular, particularly, especially.
hususi (.-------) 1. special, particular, character-
    istic, distinctive. 2. private, personal; privately owned. 3. colloq. privately owned automobile. — hukuk private law. hususiyet, -ti (.—..) 1. peculiarity, special feature, characteristic. 2. intimacy, close relations. —i olmak 1. /la/ to be intimate (with).
    2.    to have a special character/feature, hususuyla (.—/.) particularly, especially, husye anat. testicle, testis, huş bot. birch, Betula.
huşu, -uu (.—) 1. humility; submissiveness. 2.
    deep reverence for God; submission to God. huşunet, -ti (.—.) obs. roughness, severity, hutbe Islam khutbah, khutba, sermon delivered at the noon prayer on Fridays and on certain other occasions, hutut, -tu (.—) obs. lines, huy 1. temperament, nature, disposition. 2. (ingrained) habit, way. — canın altındadır. proverb (One’s inner nature is embedded in one’s very being.) You can’t change human nature. — una çekmek iml to resemble, take after (s.o.) (temperamentally). — edinmek hi to form the habit (of), make (s.t.) one’s habit. — u huyuna, suyu suyuna uygun. colloq. They get on well together ./They are of the same disposition. — u suyu colloq. a person’s basic nature and disposition. —una suyuna gitmek Iml colloq. to humor, indulge.
huylandırmak hi 1. to make (s.o.) uneasy; to put (s.o.) on edge, make (s.o.) nervous. 2. to put (s.o.) in a bad humor, peeve. 3. to cause (s.o.) to develop bad habits. 4. to cause (an animal) to become restive/fractious/unruly/ obstinate.
huylanmak 1. to get uneasy; to get on edge, get nervous. 2. to get in a bad humor, become peeved (over nothing). 3. to develop bad habits. 4. (for an animal) to become restive/fractious/unruly/obstinate, huylu 1. (s.o.) who has (a certain) temperament.
    2. irritable, fractious, irascible, testy. 3. restive/fractious/unruly/obstinate (animal).
    —  huyundan vazgeçmez, proverb A person with a set habit won’t change it./You can’t change human nature.
                                huysuz bad-tempered; irritable, fractious, irascible, testy, perverse, cranky, huysuzlanmak to display bad temper or irascibility; (for a child) to fuss, fret, huysuzlaşmak to get to be irritable, become cranky; (for a child) to get to be fretful, huysuzluk bad temper, fractiousness; petulance.
    —  etmek to display bad temper or irascibility; (for a child) to fuss, fret. —u tutmak to have a fit of bad temper.
huzme 1. beam (of light). 2. bot. corymb. 3. phys. pencil (of rays). 4. rail, group of sidings (which emerge from one track), huzmeli 1. (s.t.) which has a beam: uzun huzmeli far headlight that can project a high beam of light. 2. bot. corymbed. huzur 1. peace of mind, freedom from anxiety.
    2. tranquillity, peace, freedom from disturbance/turmoil. 3. presence (especially of an exalted personage): Sultanın huzuruna çıktık. We came before the sultan. Huzura kabul olunmadı. He was not admitted to see
hüzurevi
398
hümanist
    him/her. 4. presence, attendance, —unda in the presence of. — dersi religious discourse held in the sultan’s presence during Ramazan.
   —   hakkı money paid for attending a meeting. —unu kaçırmak Iml to make (s.o.) uneasy, take away (s.o.’s) peace of mind, disquiet. —u kalp obs. peace of mind. — ve asayiş peace and security. — vermek /a/ to put (s.o.) in a tranquil frame of mind, make (s.o.) feel at peace with the world, give (s.o.) peace. — vermemek /a/ not to give (s.o.) any peace, to bother.
huzurevi, -ni (./..) rest home, retirement home, old people’s home, huzurlu tranquil, peaceful, huzursuz 1. uneasy, troubled. 2. (place) which is lacking in tranquillity/peace, untranquil, unpeaceful.
huzursuzluk 1. uneasiness of mind, unease, disquiet. 2. lack of tranquillity/peace.
huzuzat, -ti (.------) obs. pleasures.
huzuzatçı (.------.) obs. 1. (a) hedonist. 2. hedo-
   nistic, hedonistical. hüccet, -ti obs. 1. proof, evidence. 2. legal instrument/document, hüceyre obs., biol. cellule, hücra (.—) see ücra.
hücre 1. biol. cell. 2. cell; room, chamber. 3. alcove, niche. 4. cell (of a clandestine organization). — bölünmesi biol. cell division.
   —   çeperi/duvarı biol. cell wall. — hapsi law solitary confinement, solitary. — füzyonu/kaynaşması biol. cell fusion. — ölümü biol. cell death’. — özsuyu biol. cell sap. — zarı biol. cell membrane.
hücrebilim (./..) cytology, hücrebilimsel (./...) cytological, cytologic, hücredışı, -ni (./..) biol. extracellular, hücreiçi, -ni (./..) biol. intracellular, hücrelerarası, -m (../...) biol. intercellular, hücreyutarlığı, -ni (./....) biol. phagocytosis, hücum 1. assault; charge; storming, storm. 2. rushing together, sudden crowding. 3. verbal assault. — botu see hücumbot. — etmek /a/ 1. to assault; to charge; to rush; to storm.
   2.     to mob, rush to (a place), —a geçmek 1. to give assault. 2. sports (for players) to take the offensive. — kalesi siege tower, turret, —a kalkmak to spring to the assault, —a uğramak to be assaulted; to be charged; to be rushed; to be stormed, hücumbot, -tu assault boat.
Hûda (t—) God. hüdhüd zool., see hüthüt. hükmen (/.) 1. legally. 2. by the decision of a referee. — takdir judicial discretion, hükmetmek (/..) 1. /a/ to rule, govern. 2. /a/ to decide, conclude. 3. to up and (do s.t.): Cezmi dün hükmedip İzmit’e gitmiş. It seems that Gezmi upped and went to İzmit yesterday.
hükmi (.—) 1. legal; judicial. 2. nominal. — şahıs legal person, juristic person, artificial
   person. — şahsiyet juristic personality, hüküm, -kmü 1. law decision, sentence, decree, judgment. 2. assumption, opinion, thought.
   3.  sovereignty, sway, jurisdiction. 4. legality, authority, validity. 5. importance, effect, influence. 6. force, grip, hold, —ünce as required by: kanun hükmünce as required by law. —ünde equivalent to, in lieu of. —ünü geçirmek /a/ to assert one’s authority over. —ü geçmek 1. /a/ to have authority (over), carry weight (with). 2. (for s.t.) to have become invalid; to have lost its effectiveness.
   —   giydirmek /a/ law to pass sentence (on).
   —   giymek law to be sentenced, be condemned. (...) —ünde olmak to be considered (as); to be of the same effect (as). — ü parasına geçmek colloq. to be able to pay for something (instead of having to beg for it).
   —   sürmek 1. to rule, reign. 2. to prevail.
   —   vermek 1. to arrive at a decision/an opinion. 2. law to pass sentence.
hükümat, -ti (.—.) slang prison warden, hükümdar ruler, monarch, sovereign, hükümdari (..--------) obs. 1. sovereign, pertain-
   ing to a ruler. 2. sovereignty, hükümdarlık 1. rulership, sovereignty. 2. kingdom, empire, hükümet, -ti (.—.) 1. government. 2. administration; regime. 3. courthouse (building in small cities or towns housing all the major governmental administrative offices). — bunalımı governmental crisis. — darbesi coup d’etat. — i devirmek to overthrow the government. — gibi colloq. formidably powerful and effective (person): Hüsamettin hükümet gibi. What Hüsamettin says, goes. — kapısı a government office. — kapışma düşmek to have dealings with a government office.
   —   konağı courthouse (building in small cities or towns housing all the major governmental administrative offices). — i kurmak to form a government. — merkezi capital, seat of government. — sürmek to rule, reign; to govern.
hükümlü law 1. sentenced, condemned. 2. convict.
hükümran ruling, reigning, sovereign, hükümranlık sovereignty, dominion, hükümsüz no longer in force, invalid, null. — kılmak hi to nullify, annul, invalidate, hükümsüzlük nullity.
hülle Islamic law interim marriage considered necessary before a man can remarry a woman whom he has divorced three times in succession.
hülleci Islamic law man who marries a divorced woman on the understanding that he will divorce her the following day so that she may then remarry her previous husband from whom she has been divorced three times in succession.
hümanist, -ti 1. (a) humanist. 2. humanistic, humanist.
hümanitarizm
399
Hv. Kuv.
hümanitarizm humanitarianism. hümaniter 1. (a) humanitarian. 2. humanitarian, hümanizm 1. Humanism. 2. phil. humanism, hümanizma (../.) see hümanizm, hümayun (.—.) 1. Ott. hist, royal, imperial. 2.
   classical Turk. mus. a makam, hüner skill, technical ability, dexterity; ingenuity; talent, gift. — göstermek /da/ to show an aptitude for, be adept at. —ini göstermek /a/ to show (s.o.) what one can do, show (s.o.) what one knows, show (s.o.) just how talented one is. hünerli 1. skillful, proficient, dexterous. 2. made with craftsmanship; done with skill, hünersiz 1. (s.o.) who lacks a technical ability.
   2. (s.t.) which is lacking in craftsmanship.
   3. (s.t.) which does not demand technical ability.
hüngürdemek 1. to weep loudly, sob loudly, cry one’s heart out, sob one’s heart out. 2. (for dervishes) to chant loudly, hüngür hüngür (./ ..) used in: — ağlamak to weep loudly, sob loudly, cry one’s heart out, sob one’s heart out. hüngürtü 1. loud weeping, loud sobbing. 2.
   chanting (of dervishes), hünkâr sovereign, sultan. — imamı gibi colloq. 1. with an air of great importance. 2. pompous.
hünkârbeğendi a meat dish made with pureed eggplant.
hünnap bot. jujube, Ziziphus jujuba. hünnapgiller bot. Rhamnaceae. hünsa (.—) obs., biol. 1. hermaphrodite. 2. hermaphroditic, hür 1. free (not enslaved). 2. free, unconstrained, untrammeled. — düşünce free thought. — teşebbüs private enterprise, hürle bot. field pea, Pisum arvense. hürmet, -ti respect, high regard, esteem. — le respectfully. H—lerimle, 1. Very truly yours /Yours very truly/Yours truly/Sincerely yours, (used as a closing for a letter). 2. with my compliments, —ler ederim. I tender my respects (used in formal speech or as a respectful closing for a letter). — etmek /a/ to respect, have respect for, hold (s.o.) in esteem; to show respect (for), hürmeten (/..) 1. out of respect. 2. /a/ in respectful consideration of. hürmetkâr (..—) respectful, hürmetkârlık respectfulness, respect, hürmetli 1. estimable, respected, respectable. 2. respectful. 3. colloq. big, considerable. — ce colloq. rather big, rather considerable, hürmetsiz disrespectful, hürmetsizlik 1. disrespect. 2. disrespectful action. — etmek/göstermek /a/ to show disrespect (for), disrespect, hürriyet, -ti freedom, liberty. —i seçmek 1. to choose to live in freedom (instead of under oppression). 2. to opt to be one’s own boss, hürriyetçi 1. freedom-loving; (s.o.) who ad-
   vocates freedom. 2. pol. liberal, liberalistic.
   3.     freedom-lover, advocate of freedom. 4. (a) liberal, (a) liberalist. hürriyetçilik 1. love of freedom; advocation of freedom. 2. pol. liberalism, hürriyetperver 1. freedom-loving; (s.o.) who advocates freedom. 2. pol. liberal, liberalistic.
   3.     freedom-lover, advocate of freedom. 4. (a) liberal, (a) liberalist. hürriyetperverlik 1. love of freedom; advocation of freedom. 2. pol. liberalism, hürya (/.) colloq. all together, the whole lot of them, the whole kit and caboodle of them.
   —      etmek (for the whole lot of them) to arrive/leave at once, hüseyni (..—) classical Turk. mus. a makam. Hüsniyanım (..— .) slang 1. stuck-up, pleased with herself, vain. 2. (woman) who interprets all remarks as referring to herself. Hüsnübey (./.) slang 1. stuck-up, pleased with himself, vain. 2. (man) who interprets all remarks as referring to himself, hüsnühal, -li (/..) obs. good conduct, clean record, clean slate. — kâğıdı certificate of good conduct, reference; good letter of reference, good recommendation, hüsnühat, -tti (/..) calligraphy, hüsnükabul, -lü (/...) friendly reception. — göstermek /a/ to receive (s.o.) graciously; to behave cordially towards, hüsnükuruntu (/....) wishful thinking, hüsnünazar (/...) obs. esteem, favor, approbation.
hüsnüniyet, -ti good will, good intention, good faith.
hüsnüşöhret, -ti (/...) obs. good reputation, hüsnütabiat, -ti (/....) obs. good taste, hüsnütelakki (/...—) obs. favorably biased interpretation, hüsnüyusuf bot. sweet William, Dianthus bar-batus.
hüsran 1. loss, damage. 2. disappointment.
                                                                         —a uğramak to be disappointed, hüsün, -snü 1. beauty. 2. goodness.
                               Hüt Dağı, -ni a mountain near Medina. — gibi şişmek colloq. to swell up immensely, hüthüt, -tü zool. hoopoe, hoopoo, Upupa epops. hüvelbaki (..— —) (He is the Eternal.) God alone is eternal (frequently used as an inscription on tombstones). hüveyda (..—) obs. clear, evident, manifest, hüviyet, -ti 1. identity. 2. colloq. identity card.
   3.     character, quality. — cüzdanı identity card, hüyük see höyük, hüzün, -znü sadness, melancholy, hüzünlendirmek /ı/ to sadden, make (s.o.) sad. hüzünlenmek to become sad, become melancholy.
hüzünlü sad, melancholy.
hüzzam classical Turk. mus. a makam.
Hv. Kuv. (abbr. for Hava Kuvvetleri) AF/A.F. (Air Force).
I
I 1. the letter I (the eleventh letter of the Turkish alphabet). 2. chem. I (iodine). 3. I (the Roman numeral symbol for 1). ıblık prov. 1. castrated. 2. capon, ıcığı cıcığı, -m (../ ...) Iml colloq. every little thing about, every single detail about, every blessed thing about (s.o./s.t.). ıcığına cıcığına in great detail, to the last detail. ıcığını cıcığını çıkarmak Iml 1. to go over/through (s.t.) with a fine-tooth comb, search/examine (s.t.) minutely. 2. to search (a subject) very thoroughly. ıcığını cıcığını sormak Iml 1. to give (s.o.) the third degree, ask (s.o.) a jillion questions about (himself/herself). 2. to ask all manner of questions about (s.t.), ask a jillion questions about, ığıl prov. still water (in a river/a creek), ığıl ığıl (./ ..) prov. (flowing/moving) very slowly.
ığralamak III prov., see ığramak. ığralanmak prov., see ığranmak. ığramak hi prov. to rock; to sway; to shake, ığranmak prov. to be rocked/s way ed/shaken; to rock; to sway; to shake, ığrıp 1. seine; trawlnet, trawl. 2. prov. trick, ruse. 3. prov. lie, untruth. — çekmek to haul in the seine; to haul in the trawl. — çevirmek colloq. 1. to make a killing (by swindling s.o.). 2. /a/ to swindle (s.o.) in a big way, make a killing off (s.o.). — kayığı small seine-boat, small seiner; small trawl -boat, small trawler, ıh prov., cry used to make a camel kneel. ıhı slang hashish.
ıhlamak 1. to groan (making a sound resembling ıh). 2. to breathe hard, puff heavily, ıhlaya pıhlaya colloq. 1. groaning, groaning-ly. 2. breathing hard, with labored breath, puffing, puffingly. ıhlamur 1. bot. linden tree, Tilia europaea. 2. linden tea, tisane of dried linden flowers: Bir ıhlamur içer misin? Would you like a glass of linden tea? 3. dried linden flowers, ıhlamurgiller bot. Tiliaceae. ıhmak prov. (for a camel) to kneel, ıhtırmak hi prov. to make (a camel) kneel, ıkıl ıkıl (./ ..) prov. 1. gaspingly, in gasps. 2. with great difficulty. — nefes almak to gasp for breath.
ıkındırmak III 1. to make (s.o.) strain (while defecating). 2. to make (a woman in childbirth) push.
ıkınmak 1. to strain (while defecating). 2. (for
   a woman in childbirth) to push (i.e. to contract her muscles in order to help the baby move downward). ıkına sıkma colloq. 1. with great effort, with great difficulty, very laboriously. 2. very shyly and self-consciously, in a painfully shy way, with a shyness painful to see; very shyly and awkwardly. ıkınıp sıkınmak colloq. to struggle mightily, make a tremendous effort, ıkıntı 1. straining (while defecating). 2. (a woman’s) pushing (in childbirth). 3. grunt, grunting sound.
ıklamak 1. to breathe hard, puff heavily. 2. to sob loudly. ıklaya siklaya colloq. with great effort, with great difficulty, very laboriously, ıklık prov. a three-stringed violin used in traditional Turkish music, ıklım tıklım (./ ..) colloq. 1. (filling s.t.) brimful, to overflowing; chockablock. 2. brimful, full to overflowing; chockablock; jam-packed, ılgamak III prov. to make (a horse) gallop, gallop.
ılgar 1. prov. gallop. 2. hist, raid by light cavalry. — etmek hi (for light cavalry) to raid, ılgarcı hist, light-cavalry raider, ılgarlamak hist, hi (for light cavalry) to raid, ılgım mirage.
ilgm bot. tamarisk, Tamarix. ılgıncar bot. European bird cherry, Prunus padus.
ılgıngiller bot. Tamaricaceae.
ılgıt ılgıt (./ ..) 1. (falling/flowing) slowly. 2.
   (blowing) gently, lightly, ılı prov., see ılık.
ılıca (./.) 1. hot spring, thermal spring. 2. bath erected over a hot spring. 3. spa, place containing a hot spring resorted to for cures, ılıcak prov. lukewarmish, somewhat tepid, slightly warm, ılık 1. tepid, lukewarm. 2. warmish, mild (weather). — ılık 1. tepidly, lukewarmly. 2. (a wind’s blowing) warmly. 3. (tears’/blood’s streaming) warmly/hotly, ılıkça lukewarmish, somewhat tepid, slightly warm.
ılıklaşmak to become lukewarm, become tepid, become slightly warm, ılıklaştırmak hi to make (s.t.) lukewarm, make (s.t.) tepid, make (s.t.) slightly warm, ılıklık 1. tepidity, tepidness, lukewarmness, luke-warmth. 2. mildness (of weather). 3. arch. tepidarium.
 ılım
 401
ırmak
ılım 1. moderation, temperance. 2. astr. equinox, ılımak to get slightly warm, warm up a bit; to get lukewarm, get tepid, ılıman temperate, mild (climate/weather). — kuşak/bölge temperate zone, ılımlamak /i/ phys. to moderate, ılımlayıcı phys. moderator, ılımlı 1. moderate, not extreme. 2. middle-of -the-road, moderate. 3. middle-of-the-roader, (a) moderate; moderatist, moderationist. — monarşi pol. constitutional monarchy, limited monarchy, ılımlılık 1. moderateness. 2. being a middle-of -the-roader; moderatism. ılın phys. neutral, not electrically charged, ılıncık phys. neutron.
ılındırmak hi to warm (s.t.) up slightly; to make (s.t.) lukewarm, make (s.t.) tepid, llmlamak hi phys. to neutralize, make (s.t.)
    electrically neutral, ılınmak to get slightly warm, warm up a bit; to get lukewarm, get tepid, ılıştırmak hi to make (water) lukewarm (by adding hot/cold water), ılıtmak hi to warm (s.t.) up slightly; to make (s.t.) lukewarm, make (s.t.) tepid, ılkı prov., see yılkı.
                                 ımızganma prov. 1. dozing. 2. indecision, wavering. 3. smoldering. — halleri psych, hypnagogic hallucinations, ımızganmak prov. 1. to doze, be half asleep. 2. to hesitate, waver. 3. (for a fire) to die down, turn to embers, smolder.
In chem. In (indium).
                                 ıncalız prov. a wild onion (used for pickles), ıpıl ıpıl (./ ..) prov. 1. (shining) brightly. 2. (s.t.) which is shining/gleaming/glistening/ sparkling. 3. spotlessly clean and shining, spick-and-span; smooth, clean, and shining, ıpıslak (/..) sopping wet, soaking wet. ıpıssız (/..) very desolate, completely uninhabited.
Ir chem. Ir (iridium). ir prov., see yır. ira character, nature, irabilim (./..) characterology. irabilimsel (./...) characterological.
Irak (/.) 1. Iraq, Irak. 2. Iraqi, Iraki, Iraqian, Irakian, of Iraq or the Iraqis.
*irak far, distant, remote, faraway, far-off. — yerin haberini kervan getirir, proverb (It is a caravan that brings news from a distant place.) If you can’t get to a place yourself others can carry a message there for you. 2irak classical Turk. mus. a makam based on low F sharp, ırakgörür (./..) 1. field glasses, binoculars. 2.
    telescope; spyglass, ırakiletişim (./....) telecommunication, ıraklaşmak /dan/ to go away, move away (from).
Irakli (.'..) 1. (an) Iraqi, (an) Iraki, (an) Iraqian, (an) Irakian. 2. Iraqi, Iraki, Iraqian, Irakian
    (person).
ıraklık distance, remoteness. — açısı parallax, ıraksak math., phys. divergent. — dizi math. divergent series. — mercek diverging lens, negative lens, ıraksama 1. regarding something as unlikely, considering something improbable. 2. math., phys. divergence, ıraksamak hi to regard (s.t.) as unlikely, consider (s.t.) improbable, ıraksınmak III prov. to think of (s.o./s.t.) as being far away, ıralamak hi to characterize, ıramak /dan/ prov. to go away, move away (from).
irasal (s.t.) which pertains to inherent characteristics.
ırgalamak III 1 .prov. to rock; to sway; to shake.
    2.    colloq. to interest, be of interest to; to concern, be of concern to. ırgalanmak prov. to be rocked/swayed/shaken;
    to rock, sway, shake, ırgamak prov. 1. hi to rock; to sway; to shake.
    2. to move quickly, be quick; to spring into action.
ırganmak prov. to be rocked/swayed/shaken;
                                                              to rock; to sway; to shake, ırgat, -ti 1. laborer; farm laborer, farmhand; construction worker. 2. windlass, winch. — başı foreman > overseer (of a gang of laborers). — gibi çalışmak colloq. to slave, toil.
    —     pazarı place where employers can find laborers who seek work. — pazarına döndürmek hi colloq. to turn (a place) upside down, make a complete mess of (a place), make a shambles of (a place), ırgatlık 1. being a laborer. 2. wage (of a laborer). — etmek to work as a laborer, ırgatmak III prov. to shake, make (s.t.) sway, ırıp see ığrıp.
ırk, -kı 1. race, racial group. 2. lineage, blood, stock. — ayrımı racial segregation; apartheid; racial discrimination, irkalamak hi prov., see ırgalamak, irkanmak prov., see ırganmak. irkbilim (/..) ethnology, irkbilimsel (/...) ethnological, ethnologic, ırkçı 1. racist, racialistic. 2. (a) racist, (a) racialist, ırkçılık racism, racialism, ırki (.—) obs. racial, ırkiyat, -ti (..—) obs. ethnology, ırksal racial.
ırktaş 1. of the same race. 2. person of the same race (as another), ırlamak prov., see yırlamak, ırmak river, stream, —tan geçerken at değiştirilmez. proverb Don’t change horses in midstream. — kenarına çeşme yapılmaz. proverb (They don’t build a fountain at the river’s edge.) You don’t need to sell a refrigerator to an Eskimo. — roman lit, roman-fleuve, saga novel.
irmik
402
ıskarça
irmik used in: — halatı obs. towrope. ırz chastity, purity, honor. —- düşmanı colloq. rapist. — ehli colloq. honest, virtuous, chaste, —ma geçmek Iml 1. to rape, violate.
    2.     colloq. to destroy the character of, debase, adulterate, bastardize. — insanın kam pahasıdır. proverb (Chastity can cost a person’s blood.) One should be willing to die for his/ her honor. — ı kırık slang unchaste, unvirtu-ous. —a tecavüz rape, is archaic owner, legal owner, ısdar prov. loom (for weaving carpets), ısfahan classical Turk. mus. a makam, ısgrafîto (../.) art sgraffito, sgraffiato. ısı 1. heat, warmth (as thermal energy). 2. temperature. — diam prov., see lsidam. — katsayısı temperature coefficient. — kuşak Torrid Zone, the tropics. — ot prov., see ısıot. ısıalan (./..) chem. endothermic, endothermal. ısıcak prov., see sıcak, ısıcam (./.) Thermopane, ısıcamlı (./..) glassed with Thermopane, glazed with Thermopane, ısıdam (./.) prov. Turkish bath, ısıdenetir (./...) thermostat, ısıl phys. 1. thermal, thermic. 2. capable of conducting heat, ısıldeğer (./..) thermal value (of a fuel), ism phys. calorie, calory, ismak prov. heater, stove, ısındırmak 1. /ı, a/ to make (s.o.) come to like (s.o./s.t.); to make (s.o.) warm to/towards (s.o.). 2. h/ to warm, warm up, heat, heat up.
                                                                       ısınılmak impersonal passive 1. to get warm, grow warm, warm up, warm, heat up, heat.
    2.     /a/ to come to like (s.o./s.t.); to warm to/ towards (s.o.). ısınma warming up, heating up. — hareketleri warm-up exercises. — ısısı phys. specific heat. — koşusu warm-up run. ısınmak 1. to get warni, grow warm, warm up, warm, heat up, heat. 2. /a/ to come to like (s.o./s.t.); to warm to/towards (s.o.). ısıot, -tu (./.) prov. pepper, pepper plant, ısıölçer (./..) phys. calorimeter, ısıölçüm (./..) phys. calorimetry, ısıran prov. 1. scraper (for scraping dough out of a kneading trough). 2. peel, baker’s peel, ısırgan 1. bot. stinging nettle, Urtica dioica. 2. (animal) inclined to bite, which will bite. — ile taharet olmaz, pro verb (You can’t clean yourself with nettles.) 1. You need to use proper tools to do good work. 2. There is no use expecting any good to come from bad people.
ısırgangiller bot. Urticaceae. ısırgın archaic heat rash, prickly heat, ısırıcı 1. (animal) inclined to bite, which will bite. 2. sharp, cutting, biting (wind); bitter, piercing (cold). 3. itchy, scratchy, prickly (wool/cloth), ısırık 1. wound left by a bite, bite. 2. (a) bite,
                                             (a) mouthful, ısırılmak to be bitten.
ısırmak hi 1. to bite. 2. (for wool, coarse cloth) to irritate, scratch (the skin). 3. (for wind) to cut through (s.o.), chill (s.o.) to the bone. Isıramadığm eli öp, başma koy. proverb (If you can’t bite his/her hand kiss it and hold it to your forehead.) If you can’t defeat your enemy, then try to win his/her favor. Isıran/Isıracak it dişini/diş göstermez. proverb (A biting dog doesn’t bare its teeth.) A malevolent person will appear friendly until he/she gets a chance to harm you. ısırtmak /ı, a/ 1. to make (s.o./an animal) bite (s.o./s.t.). 2. to allow (s.o./an animal) to bite (s.o ./s.t.). ısısağıtım (./...) diathermy, ısısalar (./..) radiator (for heating), ısısavar (./..) radiator (for cooling), ısıtaç central heating system, ısıtaççı furnaceman.
ısıtıcı 1. warming, heating (apparatus). 2. heater.
    3.    flash heater (a kind of water heater); Brit. Ascot heater; Brit, geyser, ısıtılmak to be heated, be warmed, ısıtma 1. warming, heating. 2. prov. malaria. — “Ben tuttuğumu kırk yıl sonra tanırım,” demiş,proverb (Malaria says, “Anybody I’ve caught I can recognize forty years later.”) After recovering from malaria your complexion will remain sallow for years. — sistemi heating system, ısıtmaç flash heater (a kind of water heater);
    Brit. Ascot heater; Brit, geyser, ısıtmak 111 to warm, warm up, heat, heat up. ısıtıp ısıtıp önüne koymak hi colloq. to keep bringing up, keep harping on (s.t.). ısıveren chem. exothermic, exothermal, ısıyayar (./..) convector, convection heater;
    radiator (for heating), ışıyayım (./..) phys. convection, ısıyuvarı, -ni (./...) thermosphere, ıska slang 1. (a) miss. 2. There isn’t ...: Bende mangır ıska. I’m flat broke. — geçmek hi slang 1. to fail to hit, miss (s.t. aimed at). 2. to overlook (s.o./s.t.); to ignore (s.o./s.t.). ıskaça (./.) naut. step (of a mast), ıskala (./.) mus. scale. — yapmak to practice scales.
ıskalamak hi slang 1. to fail to hit, miss (s.t. aimed at). 2. to overlook (s.o./s.t.); to ignore (s.o./s.t.). ıskalara (../.) naut., see iskalarya. iskalarya (../.) naut., see iskalarya. ıskança naut. relieving the watch. — etmek to relieve the watch, iskaparma (../.) naut. renting, chartering (a boat).
                                            iskara (./.) see ızgara.
ıskarça (./.) 1. naut. overcrowded port/anchorage. 2. naut. foul berth/anchorage. 3. being full to capacity, being completely full; being tightly packed together.
ıskarlat
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ıskarlat, -tı 1. Venetian broadcloth (usually scarlet-colored). 2. scarlet, scarlet-colored, ıskarmoz 1. naut. rib of a ship. 2. naut. thole, tholepin; rowlock, oarlock. 3. zool. barracuda, Sphyraena sphyraena. — kayışı naut. becket for tholes; rowlock becket. — küpeştesi naut. washboard, washstrake, wasteboard. iskarpela (../.) see iskarpela. ıskarta (./.) 1. com. waste. 2. discarded. 3. playing cards discarded cards, discards. —ya çıkarmak /ı/ to discard, throw away. — ya çıkmak to be discarded, be thrown away. — mal waste goods, ıskat, -ti (.—) 1. obs. throwing down, dropping; casting out. 2. obs. overthrow. 3. obs. elimination. 4. obs. annulment, nullification. 5. obs. warding off. 6. alms given as compensation for the religious duties which the deceased failed to perform during his/her lifetime. 7. obs. deprivation. — ı cenin obs., med. abortion, ıskata slang jerk, bastard, skunk, ıskatçı 1. person receiving the alms known as ıskat. 2. graveside beggar, iskoda (./.) slang knock-knee. ıskonto (./.) 1. com. discount, discounting (a note/a bill). 2. com. discount (the amount of a discount). 3. discount, price reduction. 4. colloq. discount (made for the specious element in a story), grain of salt: Onun söylediklerini ıskontoyla dinle! Take what he says with a grain of salt! — etmek /ı/ 1. to discount (a note/a bill). 2. to give a discount of, reduce the price by (a specified amount): Beş yüz bin lira ıskonto ettim. I’ve given a discount of five hundred thousand liras. 3. to discount, take (what s.o. says) with a grain of salt. — haddi com. discount rate. — yapmak /a/ to give (s.o.) a discount, ıskontolu (./..) 1. com. discounted (note/bill).
    2.    reduced, discount (price). 3. (selling/buying) at a discount, ıskota (./.) naut., see iskota, ıskuna (./.) naut. schooner, ıslah 1. improvement; betterment; amelioration; melioration. 2. correction; reform. — etmek /il 1. to improve, remove the defects/drawbacks (of). 2. to reform, discipline. 3. to retrain (a horse that’s been badly trained). — i hal obs. mending one’s ways, reforming o.s. —i hal etmek obs. to mend one’s ways, reform o.s. — istasyonu breeding station (for plants/animals). — olmak to reform, change one’s ways. — olmaz incorrigible, ıslahane (..— .) colloq., see ıslahevi, ıslahat, -ti reform, improvement; reforms. — yapmak to make reforms, ıslahatçı reformer, reformist, ıslahevi, -ni (./..) reformatory, ıslahhane (..— .) see ıslahevi, ıslak wet; damp. — karga/sıçan colloq. 1. drowned rat, someone soaked to the skin.
    2. scared. 3. timid.
ıslaklık wetness; dampness, ıslamak /ı/ prov. to wet; to dampen, moisten, ıslanabilir chem. wettable. islanabilirlik chem. wettability, ıslanmak to get wet. Islanmışın yağmurdan korkusu/pervası olmaz, proverb A person who’s soaked to the skin is not afraid of rain, ıslatıcı 1. moistener (device for moistening gummed surfaces of stamps, envelopes, etc.).
   2. wetting agent; moisturizer. 3. (s.t.) which wets/moistens/dampens/moisturizes. — madde wetting agent; moisturizing agent, moisturizer.
ıslatılmak 1. to be wetted; to be moistened, be dampened; to be moisturized. 2. slang to be cudgeled, be beaten. 3. colloq. (for an event) to be celebrated by having a booze-up. ıslatmak /ı/ 1. to wet; to moisten, dampen; to moisturize. 2. slang to cudgel, beat. 3. colloq. to celebrate (an event) by having a booze-up.
ıslık 1. whistle, whistling sound. 2. hiss, hissing sound. — çalmak 1. to whistle. 2. (for a snake/a goose) to hiss. 3. /a/ to whistle at, whistle to. 4. /a/ to whistle jeeringly at; to hiss (s.o.). —la çalmak hi to whistle (a tune).
ıslıklamak hi to whistle jeeringly at; to hiss (s.o.).
ıslıklanmak to be whistled at jeeringly; to be hissed.
ıslıklı 1. (s.t./an animal) which whistles, whistling. 2. (s.t./an animal) which hisses, hissing, sibilant, sibilous, sibilatory. 3. phon. sibilant, sibilous. 4. phon. sibilant speech sound, sibilant. — ünsüz phon. sibilant consonant, sibilant.
ısmarlama 1. h or a, il telling (s.o.) to bring (s.t.), ordering (s.t.); requesting (s.o.) to bring (s.t.), asking (s.o.) to bring/get (s.t.). 2. /i, a/ having (s.o.) make (s.t.) to order. 3. /a, ı/ treating (s.o.) to (s.t.), buying (s.o.) (s.t.). 4. /a, i/ entrusting (s.o./s.t.) to (s.o.). 5. /a/ warning (s.o.) not to do something; telling (s.o.) to do something. 6. made-to-order, custom -made. 7. tailor-made (article of clothing).
   8. colloq. forced, artificial, put-on. 9. colloq. slapdash, done in a slapdash way, slipshod.
   —      elbise (man’s) tailor-made suit; (woman’s) tailor-made dress. — hac, hac olmaz (kabul olunmaz), proverb (You can’t have a proxy make the pilgrimage for you.) There are some things that others can’t do for you. ısmarlamak 1. h or a, ı/ to tell (s.o.) to bring (s.t.), order (s.t.); to request (s.o.) to bring (s.t.), ask (s.o.) to bring/get (s.t.): Oturup dört bardak çay ısmarladık. We sat down and ordered four glasses of tea. Garsona üç kahve ısmarladım. I told the waiter to bring three coffees. Bakkaldan iki kilo şeker ısmarladı. She ordered two kilos of sugar from the grocer. Füsun’a fırından beş ekmek ısmarladı. She asked Füsun to get her
ısmarlanmak
 404
ışıklandırmak
   five loaves of bread from the baker’s. Bana bir taksi ısmarlar mısın? Will you order me a taxi? Çarşıdan ısmarlayacağın bir şey var mı? Is there anything you want me to get you from the market? 2. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) make (s.t.) to order: Bu ceketi Yıldırım’a ısmarladım. I had Yıldırım make this jacket. 3. /a, ı/ to treat (s.o.) to (s.t.), buy (s.o.) (s.t.): Sana bir bira ısmarlayayım. Let me buy you a beer. 4. /i, a/ to entrust (s.oJ s.t.) to (s.o.). 5. /a/ to warn (s.o.) not to do something; to tell (s.o.) to do something: Ben sana nasıl ısmarlamıştım? Sen kalkıp ne halt ettin! I told you how to do it but you went ahead and did it your way. Now look how you’ve loused it up! ısmarlanmak /a/ 1. to be ordered (for/from).
   2. to be made to order (for/by). 3. to be treated to, be bought (s.t.): ŞengüPe bir viski ısmarlandı. Şengül was treated to a whiskey.
   4.    to be entrusted to. 5. to be warned not to do something; to be told to do something, ısmarlatmak 1. /a, i/ to have (s.o.) order (s.t.).
   2.    /a, 1/ to have (s.o.) have (s.t.) made to order. 3. /a, için, i/ to have (s.o.) treat (s.o.) to (s.t.): Ferhan’a Selda için dondurma ısmarlattım. I had Ferhan treat Selda to some ice cream, ısot, -tu prov. 1. pepper, pepper plant. 2. carrot, ispala (./.) tailor, shoulder (of a garment), ıspanak 1. bot. spinach, Spinacia oleracea. 2.
   slang imbecile, idiot, fool, ıspanakgiller bot. Chenopodiaceae. ispanakzade (...— .) slang out-and-out dunce, real idiot.
ısparmaça (../.) naut. entanglement of several chains (in the sea), ıspatula (../.) spatula, ıspavli (./.) naut. twine, cord, ıspazmoz spasm, convulsion, —a tutulmak to have a spasm, suffer a spasm, ısrar insistence. — etmek to insist (on), be insistent (about), ısrarla insistently, ısrarlı insistent.
ıssız lonely, bereft of people; lifeless, dead, deserted; uninhabited. — eve it buyruk, proverb (A stray dog becomes the master of a desolate house.) If intelligent people don’t make something their concern, fools will, ıssızlaşmak (for a place) to become lonely/lifeless/dead/deserted, ıssızlık loneliness, lack of people. — çökmek /a/ (for a place) to become lonely/lifeless/ dead/deserted: Akşam sekizden sonra buraya bir ıssızlık çöker. After eight in the evening this area’s like a ghost town, ıstakoz zool. lobster, Homarus vulgaris. — sepeti lobster pot, lobster trap, ıstakozlar zool. Astacidae. ıstampa (./.) 1. stamp (tool for stamping). 2.
   stamp pad, ink pad. 3. imprint, print, stamp, istanbulin see istanbulin.
                                                              istavroz 1. cross, crucifix. 2. sign of the cross.
   —   çıkarmak to make the sign of the cross, cross o.s. — kemeri arch, cloister vault.
                                                             istifa (..—) obs. selection, being selected. — nazariyesi biol. theory of natural selection, ıstılah obs. 1. technical term, technical word/ expression. 2. rare word/expression; high -flown word/expression. — paralamak to talk/write in a highfalutin way. istilahh obs. 1. (writing/speech) which contains a lot of technical terms. 2. (writing/speech) which contains a lot of rare/high-flown words/expressions. 3. (writing/talking) in a technical jargon. 4. (writing/talking) using rare/high-flown words/expressions, ıstırap 1. (mental/emotional) pain; anguish, misery. 2. bodily suffering. — çekmek to suffer.
   —      vermek /a/ to make (s.o.) suffer, ıstıraplı suffering; anguished, miserable, ıstırar (..—) obs. constraint; compulsion; necessity. —mda kalmak to be constrained to (do s.t.).
ıstırari (..----) obs. compulsory, obligatory.
istok, -ku see stok, istop, -pu see istop. ışığadoğrulum (../...) phototropism. ışığagöçüm (../..) phototaxis, phototaxy. ışığayönelim (../...) phototropism. ışık 1. light (as luminous energy): ay ışığı moonlight. 2. (a) light (a source of light): Işıkları yak! Turn on the lights! 3. inspired thought, ray of inspiration; inspiration. 4. model of excellence, ideal model, inspiration.
   5.  art (a) light, illuminated part of a picture.
   —   almak phot, to be fogged, be exposed, —i altında Iml in the light of. — demeti pencil of light; beam. — ı dinlendirmek prov., see ışığı söndürmek, —a doğrulum see ışığadoğrulum. —a göçüm see ışığa-göçüm. — gölge düzeni art chiaroscuro. — hızı velocity of light. — ışını ray of light.
   —   oyunu play of light. — saçmak to shine, give off light, —i söndürmek to turn off the light; to put out the lamp/the candle/the match. — tutmak /a/ 1. to light the way (for). 2. to shine a light (on). 3. colloq. to show the way (to), offer a solution (for), —i uyandırmak prov., see ışığı yakmak. —ı yakmak to turn on the light; to light the lamp/the candle/the match. — yılı light -year, —a yönelim see ışığayönelim. — yuvarı see ışıkyuvarı.
ışıkbilgisi, -ni (./...) optics, ışıkçı theat., cin. electrician, ışıkgöçüm (./..) see ışığagöçüm. ışıkgözü, -nü (./..) photocell, photoelectric cell, ışıkkesen light trap (arrangement for entering a darkroom), ışıkkıran refractor, ışıkküre (./..) photosphere, ışıklandırılmak to be illuminated, be lighted up. ışıklandırma lighting, illumination, ışıklandırmak hi to illuminate, light up.
ışıklı                                                  405
ışıklı 1. illuminated, lit. 2. furnished with lights.
    3. bright, well-lit. — gösterge comp, cursor.
   —      reklam illuminated advertising sign; neon sign. — trafik işareti traffic light, ışıklık light well, ışıklılık luminance, brightness, ışıkölçer (./..) photometer; light meter, exposure meter.
ışıkölçümü, -nü             photometry,
ışıközü, -nü (./..) photon, ışıksız 1. dark, lightless. 2. not furnished with lights. 3. (place) which is not well-lit, which does not receive much light, dark. — cisim blackbody. ışıkyuvarı, -m (./...) photosphere, ışılak prov. 1. sparkling, sparkly, twinkling. 2.
   shining, shiny, gleaming, gleamy. ışılamak prov., see ışıldamak, ışılbireşim (./...) photosynthesis, ışılböceği, -ni (./...) prov., zool., see ateşböceği. ışıldak 1. searchlight; spotlight; projector. 2. prov. sparkling, sparkly, twinkling. 3. prov. shining, shiny, gleaming, gleamy. ışıldamak 1. to sparkle, glitter, glisten, twinkle, scintillate. 2. to shine, gleam, ışıldatmak hi 1. to make (s.t.) sparkle. 2. to make (s.t.) shine, ışılelektrik (./...) photoelectricity, ışıl ışıl (./ ..) 1. (shining) brightly. 2. sparkling, sparkly. 3. bright, shining, gleaming, ışılkimya (./.—) photochemistry, ışılküf (./.) actinomycete. ışılküfler (./..) bot. Actinomycetales. ışılküflüce (./...) path, actinomycosis, ışıltı 1. faint light, glimmer. 2. sparkle, glitter, twinkle, scintillation. 3. gleam, ışıltılı 1. glimmering, glimmery. 2. sparkling, sparkly, glittering, twinkling, scintillating, ışıma 1. radiating light, radiation, beaming, shining. 2. phys. radiation, ışımak to radiate light, radiate, beam, shine, ışın phys., math. ray. — demeti pencil of rays.
   —la tedavi med. radiotherapy, ışmbilim (./..) radiology, ışmbilimci (./...) radiologist, ışmbilimsel (./...) radiological, of or relating to radiology, ışmçekim (./..) radiography, ışmetki (./..) radioactivity, ışınetkin (./..) radioactive. — bulaşım radioactive contamination, ışınetkinlik (./...) radioactivity, ışınım radiation, ışınımölçer (../..) bolometer, ışınlama irradiation, subjecting (s.o./s.t.) to radiation.
ışınlamak h! to irradiate, subject (s.o./s.t.) to radiation, ışınlanım radiation.
ışınlı 1. radiant, radiating. 2. zool. radiolarian. ışınlılar zool. Radiolaria. ışmmantar (./..) actinomyces. — sayrılığı path. actinomycosis.
                                                                                                             ıztırar
ışınölçer (./..) radiometer, ışınsal 1. radial, pertaining to or arranged like rays. 2. radiative, radiational. — yol radial road, ışıtaç lamp.
ışıtın prov. 1. light (as luminous energy): ateşin işitim the light of the fire. 2. lamp, ışıtmak hi 1. to radiate light upon. 2. to illuminate.
ışıyan used in: — enerji phys. radiant energy, ışkı prov. spokeshave, drawknife, drawing knife, drawshave. ışkın bot. a variety of rhubarb, Rheum. ışkırlak a cap worn by Karagöz, ıştın prov. lamp (made of clay), ıştır bot. a wild chard.
ıtır, -tn 1. pleasant odor, fragrance, scent, perfume. 2. attar, essence, perfume. 3. bot. rose geranium, Pelargonium capitatum. 4. bot. any scented-leaf geranium, Pelargonium. ıtırçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. 1. rose geranium, Pelargonium capitatum. 2. any scented-leaf geranium, Pelargonium. ıtırlı 1. sweet-smelling, fragrant, aromatic. 2.
    perfumed, impregnated with perfume, ıtlak, -kı obs. 1. liberation, release. 2. pardon.
    3. naming, calling. 4. divorce.
ıtnap (.—) obs. prolixity, verbosity. — etmek to be prolix, be verbose, ıtrışahi (..— —) bot. sweet pea, Lathyrus odoratus.
ıtri (.—) obs. 1. sweet-smelling, fragrant, aromatic. 2. perfumed, impregnated with perfume.
                                                                   ıtriyat, -ti 1. toiletries, perfumes and cosmetics. 2. perfumes, attars, essences, ıtriyatçı 1. seller of toiletries, seller of perfumes and cosmetics. 2. shop selling toiletries, shop selling perfumes and cosmetics. 3. perfumer.
    4. perfume shop.
ıttıla, -ai (..—) obs. cognizance, awareness, acquaintance. — kesbetmek to become aware (of); to learn (about), ıvır zıvır (./ ..) colloq. 1. junk, worthless things.
    2. unimportant things, trifles, trivialities. 3. nonsense, bunk. 4. worthless, junky. 5. unimportant, petty, trifling, trivial. 6. nonsensical.
                                                                   ızbandut colloq. big and fierce-looking man.
    —      gibi big and fierce-looking (man), ızbarço (./.) naut. bowline knot, bowline. — tahtası boatswain’s chair, ızgara (./.) 1. grill/gridiron/grid (on which food is cooked). 2. grate, grating (over a drain).
    3. grate (for a fireplace/a stove). 4. register/ vent (for a heating or ventilation system). 5. shipway, ways. 6. grilled/broiled (food). — köfte grilled meat balls. — yapmak hi, —sim yapmak Iml cookery to grill.
                                                                   ızgaralık (./..) 1. (food) suitable for grilling. 2.
    (food) set aside to be grilled, ızrar (.—) obs. harming, injuring. — etmek hi to harm, injure, ıztırar (..—) obs., see ıstırar.
I
İ the letter İ (The capital form of the dotted i is also dotted in Turkish). iade 1. sending back, returning, return. 2. restoration; restitution; reinstatement. 3. replying in kind to (a critical remark). 4.fin. rebate. 5. obs. repetition, repeating. — etmek III 1. to send back, return. 2. to restore; to reinstate. 3. to reply to (a critical remark) in kind, retort. 4.fin. to rebate. — i itibar obs., law reinstatement of rights (to a former bankrupt), rehabilitation. — i muhakeme obs., law reopening (of a case); retrying (of a case).
    —i mücrimin obs., law extradition. —i ziyaret returning a visit, iadeli (.— ..) usually used in: — taahhütlü 1. certified/registered (piece of mail) (for which proof of delivery is mailed to the sender). 2. (sending s.t.) by certified/registered mail, iane (.—.) 1. donation, contribution (usually of money). 2. help, aid (usually monetary). — toplamak to collect contributions (of money).
iare (.—.) obs. loaning, loan, lending. — etmek hi to loan, lend, iaşe (.—.) obs. feeding, victualing. — amirliği/ dairesi mil. food-supply office. — subayı mil. mess officer. — ve ibate room and board.
ibadet, -ti (.—.) worship, worshiping. — de gizli, kabahat de. proverb Both worship and sinning should be done in private. — etmek /a/ to worship, ibadetgâh (.— .—) see ibadethane, ibadethane (.—.— .) place of worship, temple, sanctuary.
ibadullah (.—'..) 1. Islam Servants of God, Muslims. 2. colloq. very plentiful, ibare (.—.) 1. wording, phraseology, diction. 2.
    passage; sentence; phrase, ibaret, -ti (.—.) /dan/ consisting (of), composed (of). — olmak /dan/ to consist of, be made up of.
ibate (.—.) obs. housing, lodging; billeting, quartering. — etmek hi to house, lodge; to billet, quarter, ibda, -ai (.—) obs. creation (of s.t. new), inventing. — etmek hi to create (s.t. new), invent, ibibik zool. hoopoe, hoopoo, Upupa epops. ibik 1. comb, crest (of a fowl). 2. anat. crest, crista, ridge (of a bone). 3. spout. 4. red tassel (of a fez), —ini kaldırmak /a/ slang to act defiantly (towards), get cocky (with), ibikli 1. combed, crested (bird). 2. anat. crested,
   cristate (bone). 3. spouted, furnished with a spout. 4. tasseled. ibis zool. sacred ibis, Threskiornis aethiopica. İbiş name of a foolish servant in an ortaoyunu. — gibi colloq. comically foolish, ibiş slang fool, simpleton, idiot, nitwit, nincom-poop.
iblağ (.—) obs. 1. communicating/conveying/reporting (s.t.) (to). 2. raising/increasing (an amount) to. — etmek /ı, a/ 1. to communicate/convey/report (s.t.) (to). 2. to raise (an amount) to, increase (an amount) to: Hasan sermayesini elli milyar liraya iblağ etmek istiyor. Hasan wants to increase his capital to fifty billion liras.
İblis Satan, the Devil.
iblis 1. devil, demon, imt>. 2. colloq. bastard, son of a bitch, ibn obs. son.
ibne vulg., slang 1. passive male homosexual, queen, fag. 2. scoundrel, bastard, ibnelik vulg., slang 1. being a passive male homosexual. 2. effeminate behavior; (an) effeminate action. 3. being a scoundrel. 4. contemptible behavior, (a) low-down action, ibnetor vulg., slang passive male homosexual, , queen,fag.
ibra (.—) law 1. remission of a debt, declaring (s.o.) to be free of a debt. 2. discharge, discharge of obligation. 3. absolving, acquittal, exoneration. — etmek hi 1. to declare (s.o.) to be free of a debt. 2. to absolve, acquit, exonerate. — kâğıdı law acquittance, quittance.
ibraname (.— —.) law acquittance, quittance. İbranca (./.) 1. Hebrew, the Hebrew language.
   2. (speaking/writing) in Hebrew, Hebrew. 3. Hebrew (speech/writing); spoken in Hebrew; written in Hebrew.
İbrani (.------) 1. (a) Hebrew. 2. Hebraic, He-
   brew.
İbranice (.------') 1. Hebrew, the Hebrew lan-
                                                                 guage. 2. (speaking/writing) in Hebrew, Hebrew. 3. Hebrew (speech/writing); spoken in Hebrew; written in Hebrew, ibraz (.—) obs. showing, presentation. — etmek hi to show, present (a document), ibre 1. needle, pointer (in a gauge/a compass).
   2.     bot. needle, ibret, -ti 1. lesson learned through a misfortune. 2. an unhappy event serving as a deterrent. 3. colloq. strange, queer; ugly, repulsive. —i âlem için (doing s.t.) that it may
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   be a warning to all, that it may serve as a lesson to all. — almak /dan/ to take (s.t.) as a warning; to learn a lesson from (a mishap), —in kudreti colloq. hideously ugly.
   —      olmak /a/ (for a misfortune) to serve as a lesson (to), ibrik long-spouted ewer, long-spouted pitcher, ibrikotu, -nu (./..) bot. pitcher plant, ibriktar hist, ewer-bearer (servant who was in charge of the ewers and basins used in washing and who also poured water for washing).
ibrişim 1. silk thread. 2. made of silk thread, ibrişimkurdu, -nu (../..) zool., see ipekböceği. ibrişime! maker/seller of silk thread, icabet, -ti (.—.) 1. acceptance, responding favorably. 2. compliance, complying. 3. (God’s) receiving, hearing (a prayer). — etmek /a/ 1. to accept, respond favorably to.
   2.     to comply with. 3. (for God) to receive, hear (a prayer), icap (—.) 1. necessity, requirement, what is needed. 2. log. affirmation, —mda if needed; when required. — ma bakmak /ml 1. to see to, attend to, take care of. 2. colloq. to take care of, kill (s.o.). — etmek to be necessary, icar (—.) ohs. renting, leasing. — etmek h/ to rent, lease, —a vermek hI to rent, lease, icat (—.) 1. inventing, invention. 2. invention, invented thing. 3. colloq. fabrication, making (s.t.) up (in order to deceive). — çıkarmak colloq. 1. to come up with a terrible idea. 2. to think up something that is troublesome and unnecessary. — etmek f\l 1. to invent, create. 2. colloq. to fabricate, make up, trump up, concoct, icaz (—.) obs. concision, succinctness, brevity, icazet, -ti (.—.) 1. permission, authorization.
   2.     diploma/certificate (which usually attests that s.o. has finished a medrese or is a calligrapher of the Arabic script), icazetname (.— .— .) 1. written authorization, permit. 2. diploma/certificate (which usually attests that s.o. has finished a medrese or is a calligrapher of the Arabic script), icbar (.—) obs. compulsion, coercion. — etmek /i, a/ to compel/force/coerce/constrain (s.o.) jo (do s.t.).
iciği ciciği, -ni (../ ...) co . see ıcığı cıcığı, iclal, -li (.—) obs. 1. honking. 2. exalting. 3.
   glory; magnificence, iclas (.—) obs. enthronement. — etmek /ı/ to enthrone.
icma, -ai (.—) obs. 1. bringing together, collecting. 2. agreement, concurrence, consensus. 3. meeting, convocation. — ı ümmet Islam consensus of religious authorities on a particular issue, icmal, -li (.—) obs. summary, summation. — etmek /ı/ to summarize, icra (.—) 1. carrying out, doing, performance.
   2. law execution, carrying out, fulfillment (of a decision/a decree). 3. law court deal-
   ing with debt or bankruptcy cases. 4. mus. performance. — dairesi law court dealing with debt or bankruptcy cases. — etmek /ı/ 1. to carry out, do, perform. 2. law to execute, carry out, fulfill (a decision/a decree).
   3.  to perform (a piece of music). — heyeti 1. executive board, executive committee. 2. group of musicians. — kuvveti executive power. — memuru official who supervises the collection of debts, bailiff. — yı sanat etmek 1. to give a performance, perform. 2. (for an artist) to produce a work of art, create. 3. joc. to be engaged in one’s work; to do one’s job, work at one’s job; to practice one’s trade/profession. — vekili obs. member of the cabinet, minister. — vekilleri heyeti obs. cabinet of government ministers.
   —ya vermek hi to take (a debtor) to court, icraat, -ti 1. actions, work; achievements, accomplishments. 2. law executions (of decisions/decrees). 3. mus. performances. — ta bulunmak 1. to carry out various activities/ operations. 2. law to carry out decisions/de-crees. 3. mus. to give performances, perform, iç, -çi 1. the interior, the inside, the inner part/ surface. 2. see içinde. 3. insides, innards (internal organs of a person/an animal). 4. (a person’s) true self, heart, soul: Merak etme, Idil’in içi temiz. Don’t worry, tdil’s a good soul at heart. Eğer içinde varsa, bir yolunu bulup üniversiteyi bitirir. He’ll find a way to finish university, if he really wants to do so. 5. inner part (of a nut/a seed), kernel; inner part (of a fruit), meat, flesh. 6. stuffing, filling (material used to stuff/fill s.t.). 7. inner, inside; interior; internal. 8. domestic, internal (as opposed to foreign). 9. inland (as opposed to coastal). — ler acısı colloq. heartrending, heartbreaking. — açı geom. interior angle. — açıcı colloq. gladdening, glad, cheering, heartening, —ini açmak colloq. 1. /a/ to pour out one’s troubles (to), unburden
   o.s. (to). 2. /a/ to make one’s feelings clear to (s.o. who has annoyed/angered one). 3. /in/ to cheer (s.o.) up, gladden (s.o.), gladden (s.o.’s) heart, lift (s.o.’s) spirits: Bu haber Çiçek’in içini açtı. This news gladdened Çiçek’s heart. — ine alan including. — ine alma inclusion, —ine almak h! to include, encompass; to hold, contain. — i almamak h! colloq. 1. not to feel like eating (s.t.). 2. to be reluctant to (do s.t.). —ine ateş düşmek colloq. to suffer a grievous emotional blow, —ine atmak h/ colloq. 1. to keep (a worry/a problem) to o.s. 2. to store away in one’s memory (an insult which one has appeared to disregard). — bağlamak for the kernel (of a nut/a seed) to become plump/ fill its shell/hull/husk. — bakla shelled broad beans, —ine baygınlıklar çökmek colloq. to feel like screaming (because one finds something extremely tiresome/exasperating). — i bayılmak colloq. 1. to feel faint (with hun-
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ger). 2. to feel full and thirsty (after eating too much rich food), —ini bayıltmak /m/ colloq. 1. (for an oversweet food) to make (one) feel sick. 2. to exasperate (s.o.) (by talking too much or dillydallying). —i beni yakar, dışı eli (yakar), colloq. (He/She has a hidden side which puts me off, but his/her public front is attractive to strangers.) Others only know his/her outward charm, whereas
I  know his/her inner nastiness. — bezelye shelled peas, —ini bir kurt yemek/kemir-mek colloq. for a doubt to nag one. —ini boşaltmak colloq. 1. to blow one’s stack. 2. to pour out one’s troubles (to). — i bulanmak
1. to feel nauseated. 2. colloq. to get suspicious. — bulantısı nausea. — i burkulmak colloq. to feel a deep pang of sadness. — bükün ling, internal inflection. — cep tailor. inside pocket. — i cız etmek colloq. suddenly to feel sad; suddenly to feel a pang of sadness; suddenly to feel dispirited/discouraged.
—  çamaşırı underwear, —ine çekilmek colloq., see içine kapanmak. — çekmek 1. to sigh. 2. to sob. — i çekmek hi colloq. to have a longing for, desire, —ine çekmek hi to breathe in, inhale, —ini çekmek to sigh, —inden çıkılmaz colloq. impossible, (s.t.) which seems insuperably difficult; insoluble, insolvable (problem): içinden çıkılmaz bir hal an impasse, —inden çıkmak Iml colloq. successfully to manage, carry out, or do (a difficult job); to solve (a difficult problem).
—  çokgen geom. inscribed polygon. — daire geom. inscribed circle. —i dar colloq. impatient, restless (person). —i daralmak colloq. to be depressed, be, distressed. — i dayanmamak /a/ colloq. 1. to be unable to stand by and do nothing. 2. (for one’s conscience) not to let one do (s.t.). 3. not to be able to stand/bear (s.t.) (because of jealousy).
—  deniz geog., see içdeniz, —ine dert olmak colloq. to be unhappy at having failed to accomplish (s.t.). —i dışı bir colloq. unaffected, free of hypocrisy, genuine. —i dışına çıkmak colloq. 1. to vomit, throw up. 2. to have been so bounced about and jolted that one feels nauseated, —inden doğmak colloq., see içinden gelmek, —ine doğmak Iml colloq. intuitively to feel that, have a feeling that (s.t. is going to happen): Böyle bir şey olacağı içime doğmuştu. I’d had a feeling something like this would happen.
—ine dokunmak Iml colloq. to sadden; to pain. — donu underpants, —ini dökmek /a/ colloq. to pour out one’s troubles (to), unburden o.s. (to). — dünya (a person’s) inner world, inner self. — i erimek colloq. to be greatly worried. — etmek /i/ colloq. to swipe, appropriate, steal, —ine etmek Iml vulg. to make a complete mess of, *fuck (s.t.) up, Brit, make a balls-up of. —i ezilmek colloq. to feel somewhat hungry, feel peckish. —i fık fık etmek colloqsee içi vık
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vık etmek. — geçirmek to sigh, —inden geçirmek III colloq. to consider, think about, —ine geçme penetration. — i geçmek colloq.
1. to doze off, fall asleep unintentionally. 2. to lose one’s strength. 3. to grow old, pass one’s prime. 4. (for fruit) to go bad, spoil, —inden geçmek Iml 1. to pass through. 2. colloq. to occur to (one), —ine geçmek Iml to penetrate, —ten gelme colloq. heartfelt, sincere, —inden gelmek colloq. suddenly to feel like (doing s.t.), suddenly to feel a desire to (do s.t.). — i geniş colloq. easygoing, unworried. — gezegen astr. inferior planet. — gıcıklamak colloq. to arouse one’s sexual appetite. — gıcıklayıcı colloq. sexy, erotically titillating. — i gitmek colloq. 1. to have diarrhea, have the squirts. 2. /a/ to desire (s.t.) strongly, crave, long for. — gömleği slip (ladies’ undergarment). — i götürmemek hi colloq. 1. to be unable to stand by and do nothing. 2. (for one’s conscience) not to let one do (s.t.). 3. not to be able to stand/bear (s.t.) (because of jealousy), —inden gülmek /a/ colloq. to laugh up one’s sleeve at. — hastalıkları internal diseases. — hastalıkları uzmanı internist, doctor of internal medicine.
—  hat 1. telecommunications internal line; house telephone (in a hotel). 2. transportation domestic line. — hizmet mil. home service.
—i hop etmek colloq. suddenly to become excited/frightened; for (one’s) heart to miss/ skip a beat, for one’s heart to leap, —ine hüzün çökmek colloq. to be overcome by sadness, be overcome with sadness, for sadness to fall upon (s.o.). — i ısınmak /a/ colloq. to warm to, feel a liking for; to come to like. — içe 1. (things) which lie one inside the other. 2. (rooms/compartments) which open into each other, connecting, interconnecting. 3. (placing things) one inside the other. 4. (designing or building rooms/compartments) so that they open into each other.
5. /laI colloq. cheek by jowl (with), in close proximity (to). — i içine geçmek colloq. to be uneasy, be troubled, be disturbed. —i içine sığmamak colloq. 1. /dan/ to be bursting with, scarcely to be able to contain o.s. for: Meraktan Meral’in içi içine sığmıyordu. Meral could scarcely contain her curiosity.
2. to be very agitated/impatient. — i içini yemek colloq. to fret inwardly, —ine işlemek Iml colloq. 1. (for s.t.) to hurt (s.o.) deeply, hurt (s.o.’s) feelings very much. 2. (for s.t.) to cause (s.o.) to grieve deeply. 3. (for s.t.) to distress (s.o.) greatly. 4. to soak (s.o.) to the skin. 5. to chill (s.o.) to the bone. — i kabarmak colloq. 1. to feel nauseated. 2. to feel like sobbing. 3. to be stirred, be excited.
—i kabul etmemek hi colloq. 1. to be nauseated from eating (s.t.). 2. to be unable to eat (s.t.). — kale see içkale. —i kalkmak colloq. 1. to have a feeling of nausea. 2. to feel like sobbing. — i kan ağlamak (—inden
kan gitmek) colloq. to be crying inwardly, eat one’s heart out in silence, be deeply distressed without showing it. —ine kapanık withdrawn, introverted. — i kapanmak colloq. to feel depressed; to be depressed. —i-ne kapanmak colloq. to withdraw into one’s shell, become withdrawn and uncommunicative. —i kararmak colloq. 1. to lose one’s zest for living. 2. to be overcome by a feeling of hopelessness. —i kazınmak colloq. to be very hungry, for hunger to be gnawing one’s innards, —ini kemirmek Iml colloq. (for a distressing thought) to gnaw at, worry continually, beset. —i kıyılmak colloq., see içi kazınmak, —inden konuşmak colloq. inwardly to talk to o.s. — ine kurt düşmek Iml colloq. to have a gnawing suspicion that something bad is in the offing. — lastik auto, inner tube, tube (of a tire). — merkez focus (of an earthquake). — oğlanı Ott. hist., see içoğlanı. —inden okumak 1. hi to read (s.t.) silently. 2. hi to ponder silently (some lines one has memorized). 3. /a/ slang to curse (s.o./s.t.) inwardly. — organlar internal organs, viscera. —ine öyle gelmek Iml colloq. (used with ki) (for s.o.) intuitively to feel that, have a feeling that: İçime öyle geliyor ki sen bunu başaracaksın. Something tells me that you’re going to succeed in this. —i paralanmak/parçalanmak/parça parça olmak colloq. to be greatly upset, be greatly distressed, —inde parmağı olmak Iml colloq. (for s.o.) to have a finger in (some evil business). — pazar domestic market, —inden/—ten pazarlıklı colloq. sneaky and two -faced. — pilav pilaf prepared with currants, pine nuts, spices, and liver. — piyasa domestic market. — i rahat etmek colloq. to feel relieved. — savaş civil war. — sayrılıkları internal diseases. — sayrılıkları uzmanı internist, doctor of internal medicine. — ine sıçmak Iml vulg. to *fuck (s.t.) up, Brit. make a balls-up of, make a complete mess of. — sıkıcı colloq. boring, dull, tedious.
—i sıkılmak colloq. to be bored. — sıkıntısı colloq. boredom. —i sızlamak colloq. to be greatly saddened, be greatly distressed. — i-ne sinmemek colloq. 1. not to be able to enjoy (s.t.); not to be able to enjoy (s.t.) to the full: Oğlum hapishanede bulunduğu sürece bu tür geziler içime sinmeyecek. As long as my son is in prison I’m not going to be able to enjoy outings of this kind. Yanımda Esra yokken film seyretmek içime sinmiyor. I can’t really enjoy movies without Esra. 2. not to be fully satisfied with, not to be really happy with (s.t.): Şiirde Şirin’in içine sinmeyen bir şey vardı. There was something about the poem which Şirin didn’t like, —ine sokacağı gelmek hi colloq. suddenly to feel a great liking for (s.o.), want to go up and give (s.o.) a hug. — sular inland waters. — i sürmek colloq. to have diar-
                                                                                                       içerde
   rhea, have the squirts, have the trots. — i tez colloq. impatient. — ticaret domestic trade.
   —i titremek Iml colloq. 1. to feel a great desire for, long for, yearn for, ache for (s.t.): Ne zaman o gümüş flütü görsem içim titrerdi. Whenever I saw that silver flute I longed to own it. 2. to be anxious, be worried, be on pins and needles: Çiçeklerine bir şey olur diye Çiğdem’in içi titriyor. Çiğdem’s on pins and needles for fear that something’ll happen to her flowers. 3. inwardly to shudder, feel dread rise within one. 4. to be chilled to the bone. — turizm domestic tourism. — tutmak for the kernel (of a nut/ a seed) to become plump/fill its shell/hull/ husk, —ine tükürmek Iml colloq. to spoil (s.t.) completely, louse (s.t.) up, *screw (s.t.) up. — türeme ling, epenthesis. —i vık vık etmek colloq. 1. to be impatient, be champing at the bit. 2. to be edgy/apprehensive.
   —  i yağ bağlamak colloq. to feel very pleased (about), feel as pleased as Punch (about), —inin yağı erimek colloq. to be apprehensive, be anxious, be on pins and needles. — yakimli motor internal combustion engine. — i yanmak colloq. 1. to be very thirsty, be spitting cotton. 2. to be deeply grieved, be very upset. — yazışma interoffice memorandum. — yükümü thankfulness, gratitude. — yürek zarı anat., see iç-yürekzarı.
içağı (/..) biochem. endotoxin, içalım (/..) importing, importation. — vergisi import tax, impost, içasalak (/...) endoparasite. içbaşkalaşım (/....) endomorphism, içbölge (/..) hinterland, içbükey (/..) concave, içdeniz (/..) geog. inland sea. içderi (/..) 1. endodermis. 2. endoderm, içebakış psych, introspectionism. içebakışçı psych. 1. (an) introspectionist. 2. in-trospectionistic, introspectionist. içebakışçılık psych, introspectionism. içecek 1. beverage, drink. 2. drinkable, potable.
   —  suyu olmak /da/ colloq. to be fated to go to (a place).
içeçeken (.•"••) anat. adductor, adductor muscle, içedoğma (./..) 1. (an) intuition, presentiment.
   2.    (an) inspiration, içedönük (./..) psych. 1. introverted. 2. introvert.
içedönüklük (./...) psych, introversion, içedönüş (./..) psych., see içedönüklük, içek, -ki (/.) gram, infix, içekapanık (./...) 1. psych, autistic. 2. psych.
   schizoid. 3. withdrawn, introverted, içekapanıklık (./....) 1 .psych, autism. 2. psych. schizoidism. 3. being withdrawn, being introverted.
içekapanım (./...) used in: — sayrılığı psych.
   schizophrenia, içerde colloq., see içeride.
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 için
içerden colloq., see içeriden, içeri 1. inside, interior, inner part: Evin dışı çirkin, fakat içerisi güzel. The house’s exterior is ugly, but its interior is attractive.
    2. colloq. jail, prison. 3. (a person’s) true self, heart, soul. 4. inner, interior, inside: içeri daire the inner apartment. 5. (moving) in, inside, within; indoors; into the interior; inland: Kerim içeri girdi. Kerim went inside. Büyük İskender ordusunu içeri yürütmeye karar verdi. Alexander the Great decided to march his army into the interior.
    —de 1. (being) inside; indoors; in the interior; inland. 2. colloq. in jail, in prison. 3. in debt, —den 1. from within, from the inside. 2. colloq. from jail, from prison, —si inside, interior, inner part, —sinde within, —ye (moving) in, inside; indoors; towards the interior; inland. — atmak h! colloq. to throw (s.o.) in the clink, —/—ye buyurun! Come in ./Please come in. — dalmak colloq. to enter suddenly, barge in. — düşmek colloq. to go to jail, get put in the clink, wind up in the clink. — girmek 1. to enter. 2. colloq. to lose (a certain amount of money) in a business deal. 3. colloq. to wind up in the clink. —de olmak colloq. 1. to be in jail, be in the clink. 2. to have lost (a certain amount of money), be out (a certain amount of money); to be in debt. — tıkmak N colloq., see içeri atmak.
içerik 1. content; contents. 2. psych, content.
    3. log. implicit, implied.
içerikçi 1. person who stresses content (as opposed to form). 2. (s.o.) who stresses content (as opposed to form); (s.t.) in which content is stressed (over form), içerikleştirme psych, internalization, içerikleştirmek /ı/ psych, to internalize, içerikli (s.t.) which deals mainly with: dinsel içerikli bir kitap a book about religion, içeriksel related to content: Bu romanı içerik-sel bakımdan bir hiç sayıyorum. I think this novel is completely lacking in content, içeriksiz devoid of content, içeriksizlik emptiness, lack of content, içerlek 1. (s.t.) which sits back from (s.t. else).
    2.     (s.t.) which is located farther within (a place): Erdal hemen içerlek ve loş kütüphaneye koştu. Erdal ran at once into the dim library located farther within. 3. indented (line of writing, paragraph, etc.). 4. (placing s.t.) closer to the inside, farther to the inside, farther within, more to the inside. — yazmak /ı/ to indent (a line of writing, a paragraph, etc.). içerleme resentment, annoyance, içerlemek /a/ to resent, take offense (at) (without showing it), içerme 1. inclusion, containing. 2. log. implication.                        x
içermek /ı/ 1. to include, contain. 2. log. to imply.
içersi, -ni colloq., see içerisi, içevlilik (/...) endogamy, içeyerleşim (./...) med. implantation, being implanted.
içeyerleştirim (./....) med. implantation, implanting.
içeyönelik (./...) psych, autistic. — düşünce autistic thinking. — kişilik autistic personality, içeyöneliklik (./....) psych, autism, içgeçit (/..) tunnel, içgöbek (/..) bot. chalaza. içgöreç (/..) endoscope, içgörü (/..) insight, içgözlem (/..) introspection, içgözlemsel (/...) introspective, içgözleyim (/...) endoscopy, içgücü, -nü (/..) morale, içgüdü (/..) instinct.
içgüdülü (/...) instinctive, having instinct, içgüdüsel (/...) instinctive, instinctual, related to instinct, içgüvey (/..) see içgüveyi. içgüveyi (/...) man who lives with his wife’s parents, live-in son-in-law. içgüveyisi, -ni (/....) see içgüveysi. içgüveysi, -ni (/...) see içgüveyi. —nden hallice colloq. (not much better than living with one’s wife’s parents) so so, comme ci comme ça. — iç ağrısı, proverb A live-in son-in-law is a pain in the neck, içici 1. someone who likes to drink. 2. someone who is overly fond of drink; someone who is addicted to drink. 3. (s.o.) who likes to drink. 4. (s.o.) who is overly fond of drink; (s.o.) who is addicted to drink. 5. absorbent, (s.t.) which is absorbent, içilmek 1. to be drunk, be imbibed. 2. to be smoked. 3. to be absorbed, içim 1. (a) sip, (a) sup, (a) drink; (a) draft, (a) pull. 2. (a) puff, (a) drag, (a) draw, (a) draft, (a) pull. 3. (a) taste, (a) swallow (of soup).
   4.     taste (of a drink/tobacco/soup) (refers to the sensation of taste): Bu rakının içimi hoş. This raki has a pleasant taste. 5. drinking (s.t.). 6. smoking (s.t.). 7. eating (soup), içimli 1. (beverage/tobacco) which has (a certain) taste: ağır içimli bir sigara a strong cigarette. 2. (beverage/tobacco) which has a pleasing taste, which tastes good, için 1. for: Sevim sizin için bir hediye getirdi. Sevim brought you a present. Bunu Deniz için yaptım. I did this for Deniz’s sake. Bu elbise Nigâr için çok dar. This dress is too small for Nigâr. Bunun için kaç para verdin? How much money did you pay for this? Sandalı beş saat için kiraladım. I rented the rowboat for five hours. O bizim için konuşur. He’ll speak for us. Sigara içmeyenler için ayrı bir bölüm yok mu? Isn’t there a separate section for nonsmokers? Benim bilet Paris için. My ticket’s for Paris. Allah aşkı için söyle! For God’s sake tell me! 2. in order to, for the purpose of:
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   Unutmak için içer. He drinks in order to forget. Pınar’a o piyanoyu süs olarak kullansın diye değil, çalması için verdi. She
   gave Pınar the piano to play, not to use as an ornament. Hadiseyi Hakan’a ibret alması için naklettim. I related the incident to Hakan that he might take it for a warning.
   3. because, on account of, for, owing to: Kar yağdığı için gitmedik. We didn’t go because it was snowing. İşte onun için katılmam.
   So you see it’s for that reason I won’t join.
   4. for, to, in (s.o.’s) opinion: Onun için çok mühimdi. It was very important to her. 5.
   (iusually when used with demek, düşünmek, or söylemek) about, concerning, with regard to: Bu sözlük için ne düşünüyorsunuz? What do you think about this dictionary? Ra-şit için intihar etti diyorlar. They are saying that Raşit committed suicide. II. Sultan Mehmet için Fatih derler. They call Sultan Mehmet II., the Conqueror. Emin için nasıl böyle bir şey söyleyebildi? How could he have said such a thing about Emin?
içinde 1. inside, within, in: Evin içinde saklandı. He hid inside the house. Kütüphane içinde ıslık çalınmaz! You don’t whistle in a library! Bahçe içinde, güzel bir ev. It’s a beautiful house, set in a garden. 2. within, in the space of, during (a period of time):
   Bu iş bir yıl içinde bitmez. This job won’t finish within a year. 3. among: Misafirlerin içinde üç psikiyatr vardı. Among the guests were three psychiatrists. Böyle insanlar içinde yaşamak onların hoşuna gidiyor. They like living among such people. 4. under, given: Bu şartlar içinde başka ne yapabilirim? Given these conditions, what else can I do? 5. full of: Yollar çamur içinde. The roads are very muddy. Eşyalar toz içindeydi.
   The furniture was thick with dust. — kaybolmak Iml 1. to vanish within (a place). 2. to be practically unnoticeable in. 3. colloq.
   (for an article of clothing) to be much too big for, swallow: Esat, Ersin’in eski trenç-kotu içinde kayboldu. Ersin’s old trench coat swallowed Esat. — olmak to be included. — yüzmek colloq. 1. to be full of; to be covered in/with, be thick with: Kâmil bit içinde yüzüyor. Kâmil’s covered with lice.
   2. to have a great deal of, wallow in, swim in (wealth): Faruk para içinde yüzüyor. Faruk’s wallowing in money. 3. Iml (for an article of clothing) to be far too big for, swallow: O ceketin içinde yüzüyorsun. That sports coat swallows you.
içindekiler 1. contents. 2. table of contents.
içindeleme log. inclusion.
içinden phil. spontaneous, without an external cause.
için için (./ ..) 1. secretly, covertly. 2. internally, inwardly. — ağlamak to weep inwardly. — gülmek to laugh up one’s sleeve, laugh inwardly, be secretly amused. — yanmak 1.
                                                                                                      içkili
   to bum internally. 2. to bum slowly and silently. 3. colloq. inwardly to bum with passion. 4. colloq. inwardly to be deeply distressed; secretly to feel very sad. içirik prov. stuffing (material used for stuffing mattresses and pillows), içirilmek 1. /a/ to be made to drink; to be allowed to drink: Didem’e ilaç içirildi. Didem was made to drink medicine. 2. colloq. to be made to drink o.s. drunk. 3. /a/ to be made to smoke; to be allowed to smoke: Rıfat’a hiç sigara içirilmedi. Rifat’s never been allowed to smoke. 4. /a/ to be made to absorb, içirmek 1. /ı, a/ to cause/make/have/allow (s.o.) to drink (s.t.). 2. Ill colloq. to get (s.o.) to drink himself/herself drunk, get (s.o.) drunk.
    3.    /i, a/ to cause/make/have/allow (s.o.) to smoke (s.t.). 4. /i, a/ to get (one thing) to absorb (another). 5. Ill slang to beat, give (s.o.) the works, içiş 1. draft; act of drinking/smoking. 2. way of drinking/smoking. 3. eating (soup); way of eating (soup), içişleri, -ni (/...) pol. internal affairs, Brit. home affairs. İ— Bakanı the Minister of Internal Affairs. İ— Bakanlığı the Ministry of Internal Affairs, içişmek to drink together; /la/ to drink (with): Kalamış’ta üç saat boyunca içiştik. We drank for three hours in Kalamış, içit, -ti beverage, drink, içiter injector, içitim med. injection, içitme med. injecting, injection, içitmek III med. to inject, içkale (/..) keep, donjon (of a castle), içken alcoholic, dipsomaniac, içki 1. alcoholic beverage, liquor, drink. 2. drinking, drinking'alcoholic beverages. — âlemi drinking party, carouse, carousal. — azgısı dipsomania. — bardağı glass made for serving an alcoholic drink. — içmek/ kullanmak to drink (habitually). — masası see içki sofrası. — sefası see içki âlemi. — sofrası table spread for a drinking party. — tutkunluğu alcoholism. — tutkunu alcoholic, dipsomaniac. — yasağı prohibition of alcoholic beverages, içkici 1. seller/maker of alcoholic beverages. 2. someone who likes to drink. 3. someone who is overly fond of drink; someone who is addicted to drink. 4. (s.o.) who likes to drink.
   5.    (s.o.) who is overly fond of drink; (s.o.) who is addicted to drink, içkicilik 1. selling/making alcoholic beverages. 2. a liking for drink, fondness for drink. 3. excessive fondness for drink; addiction to drink.
içkili 1. (s.o.) who has had something (alcoholic) to drink, who has had a drink or two. 2. (place/performance) at which liquor is served. 3. after having had a drink or two, with a drink or two under one’s belt: Sum-
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   ru’nun o can sıkıcı partilerine ancak içkili gidilir. You ean face those boring parties of Sumru’s only if you’ve had a drink or two beforehand, içkin 1. immanent. 2. inherent, intrinsic, içkinlik 1. immanence. 2. inherency, intrin-sicalness.
içkisiz 1. (s.o.) who has not had anything (alcoholic) to drink. 2. (place/performance) at which liquor is not served. 3. without having drunk anything (alcoholic), içkulak (.'..) anat. inner ear. — akkanı endo-lymph, endolympha. içlek 1. nonmaterial. 2. spiritual, içlem log. comprehension, intension, connotation.
içlemci comprehensive, inclusive, içlemcilik comprehensiveness, inclusiveness, içlemsiz empty, without content, içlemsizlik insignificance, meaninglessness, içlenmek 1. /a or dan/ to be inwardly distressed by, be secretly hurt by. 2. for the kernel (of a nut/a seed) to become plump/fill its shell/ hull/husk.
içli 1. (fruit/nut/legume) the kernel/the seed of which is ready to eat, the kernel/the seed of which is big enough to eat. 2. sensitive, easily moved/affected (person). 3. sad and moving. 4. colloq. genuine, true, real. — köfte see içliköfte. içlidışlı (./..) 1. /la/ on familiar terms (with), chummy (with), thick (with). 2. (knowing s.o.) very well, intimately. — olmak /la/ 1. to be on familiar terms (with), be chummy (with), be thick (with). 2. (for families) to intermarry.
içlik 1. prov. any undergarment. 2. internal, interior, pertaining to the inside, içliköfte (./..) a kind of köfte coated with a paste made of cracked wheat and meat and then fried, içlilik sensitivity.
içme 1. drinking. 2. mineral spring. — suyu drinking water, potable water, içmek 1. /ı/ to drink, imbibe, consume (s.t.) by drinking it. 2. /i/ to smoke. 3, /i/ to eat (soup). 4. h! (for s.t.) to absorb, drink, drink up (fluid): Toprak suyun hepsini içti. The soil absorbed all of the water. 5. to drink alcoholic beverages, drink, imbibe, içtikleri su ayrı gitmemek colloq. to be very close friends, içmeler mineral springs, içmimar (/—.) interior decorator.
İçmimarlık (/—..) interior decoration, içoğlanı, -m (/...) Ott. hist, boy being educated for service at court, içörtü (/..) anat. endothelium. — uru path.
    endothelioma, içparazit, -ti (/...) see içasalak. içplazma (/..) biol. endoplasm. içre archaic 1. the inside, the interior, the inner part/surface: İçresi boş. It’s empty. 2. in:
                                                                                                        içyapı
    dünya içre in the world. 3. among: insanlar içre among people, içrek esoteric, esoterical. içrekçi phil. 1. (an) esoteric. 2. (s.o.) who is a proponent of esotericism. içsalgı (/..) biochem. internal secretion; hormone.
içsalgıbezi, -ni (/....) anat. endocrine gland, içsalgıbilim (/....) endocrinology, içsel 1. inner, internal, interior. 2. intrinsic. —. davranış psych, intrinsic behavior. — değişken fin. endogenous variable. — gereksinim psych, internal need. — getiri oranı fin. internal rate of return. — güdülenme psych. intrinsic motivation. — ödül psych, intrinsic reward.
içses (/.) phon. medial sound in a word. — düşmesi ling, syncope, içsürdürücü (/....) 1. laxative, aperient; purgative, cathartic. 2. (drug) which is a laxative/a purgative, içten 1. sincere, heartfelt, unfeigned. 2. sincerely, unfeignedly. 3. internal. 4. internally. 5. from within: Onları içten yıkacağız. We are going to destroy them from within. — evlilik endogamy. — finansman auto-financing. — gelen sincere. — içe inwardly, secretly. — pazarlıklı sneaky and two-faced, — yanmalı motor internal combustion engine, içtenlik sincerity, içtenliksiz insincere, içtenliksizlik insincerity, içtepi (/..) psych, compulsion, içters (/.) used in: — açı geom. alternate interior angle, içtihat obs. opinion, conviction; interpretation, içtima, -aı (..—) 1. obs. gathering, meeting; assembly, general meeting. 2. mil. assembly, muster. 3. obs., astr. conjunction. — borusu mil. assembly. — etmek obs. to meet, have a meeting. — hürriyeti obs. freedom of assembly.
                                                                 içtimai (..— —) obs. social, pertaining to human society. — ilimler the social sciences.
   —   nizam social order. — sigorta social insurance.
içtimaileşmek (..— —..) obs., psych., sociol., see toplumsallaşmak, içtimaileştirmek (..— —...) hi obs., psych., sociol., see toplumsallaştırmak, içtimaiyat, -tı (..—..) obs. sociology, içtimaiyatçı (..— ...) obs. sociologist, içtinap obs. refraining, abstaining, abstention.
   —   etmek /dan/ to refrain (from), abstain (from).
içtisar (..—) obs. daring, boldness. — etmek /a/ to dare to, be bold enough to, venture to. içtümce (/..) gram, object clause, içtüzük (/..) internal regulations, standing rules, bylaws, içtüzüksel (/...) related to internal regulations, içyağı, -ni (/..) suet, içyapı (/..) internal structure.
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içyaprak (/..) bot. endodermis. içyarıçap, -pı (/...) geom. apothem. içyürekzarı, -m (/....) anat. endocardium, içyüz (/.) the inside story, the real truth, the hidden side, içzar (/.) bot. intine, the inner membrane (of a pollen grain or spore).
idadi (----------) hist, senior high school.
idam (—.) 1. capital punishment. 2. execution of a death sentence. — cezası death sentence. — etmek /ı/ to execute (a criminal), idame (.—.) obs. continuation, maintaining, maintenance. — dozu med. maintenance dose. — etmek /ı/ to continue, maintain, idamlık (—..) 1. capital (crime). 2. (person) who is under a sentence of death, condemned to death.
idare (.—.) 1. management, managing, direction, administration, governing, control. 2. administrative office, front office. 3. colloq. careful management; thrift, economy. 4. steering, driving, piloting. 5. formerly night -light (small kerosene/oil lamp). adamı obs. civil servant, bureaucrat. — i akdah obs. drinking a toast. —i akdah etmek /a/ obs. to drink a toast to. — amiri chief, administrator. —sini bilmek colloq. to know how to manage money. — etmek 1. /ı/ to manage, direct, administer, govern, control. 2. /i/ colloq. to manage (money) carefully; to use (s.t.) sparingly. 3. colloq. to manage, get by, make ends meet, make do. 4. colloq. to suffice, be sufficient, be adequate, be enough.
   5.  h! to steer/dri ve/operate/pilot (a vehicle).
   6.  hi colloq. to manage (a difficult person) successfully. 7. Ill colloq. to conceal, cover up (a wrongdoing). 8. hi colloq. to solve, take care of (a problem) by hook or by crook.
   —   heyeti administrative committee; board of directors. — hukuku administrative law. — kandili formerly night-light (small oil lamp).
   —   lambası formerly night-light (small kerosene lamp). — meclisi see idare heyeti.
   —i örfiye obs. martial law.
idarece (.—/.) 1. according to the management.
   2.     by the management, idareci (.— ..) 1. manager, director, administrator. 2. (s.o.) who is an administrator. 3. colloq. thrifty person. 4. colloq. thrifty, economical. 5. colloq. conniver. 6. colloq. (s.o.) who connives, conniving, idarecilik (.— ...) 1. being an administrator; rank/duties of an administrator. 2. colloq. thrift, thriftiness. 3. colloq. connivery, connivance.
idarehane (.— .— .) 1. editorial room. 2. executive office, front office (place), idareimaslahat, -ti (.— /....) pej. getting by, managing with the least possible effort; letting (a matter) take its course; following a policy of noninterference; expediency, expedient management. — etmek to get by, manage with the least possible effort; to let a
                                                                                                                    idi
    matter take its course; to follow a policy of noninterference; to follow a policy of expediency, manage things expediently.
idareimaslahatçı (.—/........) pej. 1. person who
    just lets things take their course, person who follows a policy of noninterference; person who tends to follow a policy of expediency.
    2. (person) who just lets things take their course, (person) who follows a policy of noninterference; (person) who tends to follow a policy of expediency.
idareli (.— ..) colloq. 1. (s.o.) who is a good administrator. 2. economical (person/thing), idaresiz (.—..) colloq. 1. (s.o.) who is not a good administrator. 2. uneconomical, idaresizlik (.— ...) colloq. 1. incompetent management. 2. wastefulness, idareten (.—'..) on a day-to-day basis; for the time being, idari (.— —) managerial, administrative, iddia (..—) 1. claim, assertion; allegation. 2. pretension; pretense. 3. obstinacy. — etmek
    1. hi to claim, assert; to allege. 2. hi to pretend. 3. to be obstinate, insist obstinately. —ya girişmek /ına/ see iddiaya tutuşmak, —ya girmek 1. /ma/ to make a bet with each other (about). 2. /la/ to make a bet with.
    —  makamı law the office/rank of district attorney. — ya tutuşmak /ma/ to make a bet with each other (about).
iddiacı (..— .) stubbornly insistent, pertinacious; obstinate, iddiacılık (..—..) stubborn insistence, pertinaciousness; obstinacy, iddialı (..— .) 1. cocksure, very sure of himself/ herself, assertive. 2. pretentious, (s.o.) who makes great claims for himself/herself. 3. (s.t.) about which both sides are making great claims, iddianame (..— —.) law indictment, iddiasız (..—.) 1. unassertive. 2. unpretentious.
    3. (s.t.) about which no greztt claims are being made.
iddiasızlık (..—..) unassertiveness, simplicity, modesty.
iddihar (..—) obs. 1. hoarding, amassing. 2. accumulation. — etmek hi 1. to hoard, amass.
    2.    to accumulate, ide phil. idea, idea phil., see ide.
ideal, -li 1. (an) ideal. 2. ideal, perfect.
idealist, -ti 1. (an) idealist. 2. idealistic, idealist.
idealize used in: — etmek hi to idealize.
idealizm idealism.
idealleştirmek /i/ to idealize.
idefiks idee fixe, fixed idea.
ideleştirmek hi phil. to ideate.
identik math, identical.
ideolog ideologist.
ideoloji ideology.
ideolojik ideological.
idi 1. (he/she/it) was. 2. (as a phonetically modified suffix) and so forth, and so on; such as,
idil
414
ifrit
   like: Kamp için çadırdı, uyku tulumuydu, ocaktı, her şeyi hazırladım. I got everything ready for the camping trip: the tent, the sleeping bag, the stove, and so forth, idil lit. idyll, idilik lit. idyllic, idiom idiom, idiopati hypersensitivity, idiş prov., see iğdiş.
idman 1. physical exercise, exercise, workout, gymnastics. 2. practice, experience. — yapmak to exercise, work out. idmancı 1. colloq. gym teacher. 2. athlete who is working out. idmanlı 1. (s.o.) who is in shape, who is physically fit. 2. /a/ colloq. practiced, experienced: Bizim Edip pek içkiye idmanlı değil. Our Edip is not a very experienced drinker, idmansız 1. (s.o.) who is out of shape, who is not physically fit. 2. colloq. unpracticed, inexperienced, idrak, -ki 1. perception. 2. percipience, capacity to perceive. 3. grasp, comprehension; understanding. 4. attainment, reaching. 5. maturation, ripening. — ı dakik obs., phil., psych. apperception. — ı dakik kütlesi obs., psych. apperceptive mass, apperceiving mass, apperception mass. — etmek 1. /i/ to perceive. 2. I\l to grasp, comprehend; to understand. 3. h or a/ to reach, attain. 4. to mature, ripen, idrakli perceptive, percipient, idraklilik perceptiveness, percipience. idraksiz unperceptive, unpercipient, idraksizlik lack of perception, lack of percipience.
idrar urine, —da şeker glycosuria. — torbası anat. urinary bladder. — yolu anat. urethra.
   —      zorluğu path., see idrarzoru. idrarzoru, -nu (./..) path, dysuria. idrisağacı, -ni (./...) bot. St. Lucie’s cherry, mahaleb, mahaleb cherry, Primus mahaleb. idrisotu, -nu (./..) bot. broom sedge, Andro-pogon.
İETT (abbr. for İstanbul, Elektrik, Tünel, Tramvay İşletmesi) the Istanbul Electric Power, Funicular, and Streetcar Board, ifa (— —) 1. performance, carrying out (of a duty/an order). 2. payment, discharge. — etmek hi 1. to perform, carry out (a duty/an order). 2. to pay, discharge (a debt), ifade (.—.) 1. expression, way of expressing
   o.s.; way of speaking; way of writing. 2. (facial) expression. 3. what someone says: Seyfi’nin ifadesine göre evde kimse yoktu. According to Seyfi, no one was in the house.
   4.  law testimony; deposition. 5. slang affair, business, —sini almak Iml 1. law to take (s.o.’s) testimony, record (s.o.’s) testimony. 2. slang to beat (s.o.) up, give (s.o.) a going-over, give (s.o.) the works. — etmek III to express, state: Bunu nasıl ifade edebilirim? How can I express this? Güven’in gelmemesi çok şey ifade ediyor. Güven’s not
   coming tells us a lot about how he feels, (bir şey) — etmemek to signify nothing; to cut no ice. —si tamam olmak slang to be finished, be all washed up. — vermek law to testify, give testimony, ifadelendirmek (.— ....) Ill to give (s.t.) an expressive quality, ifadeli (.— ..) 1. expressive, full of expression.
   2.     expressed in (a certain) way. 3. expressively, with expression, ifadesiz (.— ..) expressionless, iffet, -ti 1. chastity. 2. honesty, uprightness, iffetli 1. chaste, virtuous. 2. honest, upright, iffetsiz 1. unchaste. 2. dishonest, iffetsizlik 1. unchastity; sexual misconduct, promiscuity. 2. dishonesty, ifham obs. explanation. — etmek hi to explain, ifildemek prov. 1. to shiver slightly. 2. to blow gently.
                                                              ifil ifil (./ ..) used in: — esmek (for a light breeze) to come up every now and then; to blow gently. — yağmak/düşmek/inmek for it to spit snow, iflah recovery (from ill health or misfortune).
   —  etmek hi to bring about (s.o.’s) recovery, rehabilitate. — ı kesilmek /in/ colloq. to be exhausted, be dog-tired, —mı kesmek /ml colloq. to wear (s.o.) down. — olmak to recover, get better. — olmaz colloq. 1. incorrigible (person). 2. hopeless (situation).
iflas 1. bankruptcy, insolvency. 2. colloq. failure (of a major project or policy). — dairesi bankruptcy office. — etmek 1. to go bankrupt. 2. colloq. (for a project/a plan) to fail completely. 3. colloq. (for s.t.) to become regarded as? worthless. — hukuku laws of bankruptcy. — idaresi administration of bankruptcy assets. — kararı decree of bankruptcy, adjudication of insolvency. — masası law bankrupt’s assets, ifna (.—) obs. 1. destruction. 2. using up, expending; exhaustion. — etmek hi 1. to destroy. 2. to use up, expend; to exhaust, ifrağ (.—) obs. 1. putting (s.t.) in (another guise). 2. casting (metal). 3. med. excretion, evacuation. — etmek /ı, a/ to put (a matter) in (a certain way), express (s.t.) in (a certain way), ifrat, -ti going to excess, excess. — derecede excessively, —a düşmek to go to excess.
   —  etmek /da/ to go to excess (in). — i his obs. hyperesthesia, —a kaçmak to go to excess. —tan tefrite obs. from one extreme to the other; from one extreme to another, —a vardırmak III to carry (s.t.) to excess, —a varmak to go to excess.
ifraz 1. law dividing (land) into lots. 2. biol. secretion. 3. obs. separation, separating. — etmek III 1. law to divide (land) into lots. 2. biol. to secrete. 3. obs. to separate, ifrazat, -ti (.—.) biol. secretions, ifrit, -ti 1. malicious demon. 2. colloq. troublemaker. — etmek hi colloq. to put (s.o.) in a
ifsat                                                415
   towering rage, make (s.o.) fit to be tied, make (s.o.) hit the ceiling. — kesilmek/ol-mak colloq. to be beside o.s. with rage, be fit to be tied, ifsat obs. 1. corruption, contamination. 2. upsetting (the stomach). 3. poisoning (the blood).
   4.  sowing dissension, stirring up trouble. 5. subversion; undermining, weakening. — etmek h! 1. to corrupt, contaminate. 2. to upset (the stomach). 3. to poison (the blood). 4. to sow dissension among, stir up trouble among.
   5.  to subvert; to undermine, weaken.
ifşa, -ai (.—) disclosure, divulgence, revelation.
   —      etmek hi to disclose, divulge, reveal, ifşaat, -ti disclosures, divulgences, revelations.
   —ta bulunmak to disclose things, divulge things.
iftar Islam 1. breaking a fast. 2. evening meal during Ramazan. 3. the hour of sunset during Ramazan. — etmek to break one’s fast. — topu gun fired at sunset during Ramazan as a signal for breaking the fast, iftariye (.— ..) Islam 1. hors d’oeuvres eaten at the beginning of the evening meal during Ramazan. 2. present given to a guest invited to an evening meal during Ramazan.
   3.     place where the evening meal is eaten during Ramazan, iftarlık 1. Islam hors d’oeuvres eaten at the beginning of the evening meal during Ramazan.
   2. Islam suitable for eating at the evening meal during Ramazan. 3. colloq. very little, iftihar 1. feeling proud, (laudable) pride. 2. pride and joy, source of pride. — etmek /la/ to take pride (in), be proud (of), —a geçmek (for a student) to make the honor roll. — listesi honor roll, iftikâri (..— —) obs., phil. ideal; (s.t.) which exists only in the mind; (s.t.) which can be grasped by the mind only, iftikâriye (..— ..) obs., phil. idealism, iftikâriyet, -ti (..— ..) obs., phil. ideality, iftira (..—) slander, calumny, maligning; libel.
   —   etmek/atmak /a/ to slander, calumniate, malign; to libel. — ya uğramak to be slandered, be calumniated, be maligned; to be libeled.
iftiracı (..— .) 1. slanderer, calumniator, maligner; libeler, libelist, libelant. 2. slanderous, calumnious, (s.o.) who maligns/libels, iftirak, -ki (..—) obs. 1. separation. 2. division, splitting. — etmek 1. /dan/ to separate, be separated (from). 2. to divide, be split, iglu (/.) igloo, iglu.
iguana (../.) zool. iguana, Iguana iguana. iğ 1. spindle. 2. prov. pivot (of a wagon tongue). — de de var, çıkrıkta da. colloq.
   Both sides are at fault, iğağacı, -m (/...) bot. spindle tree, prickwood, Euonymus europaeus. iğde 1. bot. Russian olive, oleaster, Elaeagnus angustifolia. 2. Russian olive (fruit of the oleaster).
                                                                                                  iğnebalığı
iğdegiller bot. Elaeagnaceae. iğdemir (/..) carpenter’s chisel, iğdiş 1. gelded (male animal). 2. (a) gelding, gelded male animal. 3. castrated (man). 4. castrate, castrated man. — etmek hi 1. to castrate, geld (a male). 2. to emasculate (a flower).
iğdişleme castration, castrating, iğdişlemek hi 1. to castrate, geld (a male). 2.
   to emasculate (a flower), iğdişlenme castration, being castrated, iğdişlenmek 1. (for a male) to be castrated, be gelded. 2. (for a flower) to be emasculated, iğfal, -li 1. seduction, persuading (s.o.) to have sexual intercourse for the first time. 2. deception, delusion. — etmek hi 1. to seduce. 2. to deceive, delude, iğlik of (so many) spindles, iğmaz (.—) obs. deliberately overlooking, pretending not to see. — i ayn see iğmaz. — ı ayn etmek hi see iğmaz etmek. — etmek hi to overlook (s.t.) deliberately, pretend not to see.
iğne 1. needle, sewing needle. 2. pin, straight pin; safety pin. 3. brooch, pin. 4. pointer, needle (of a gauge). 5. style, gnomon (of a sundial). 6. zool. stinger, sting (of an insect).
   7.  bot. style. 8. fishhook. 9. bot. needle (of a coniferous tree). 10. med. needle, hypodermic needle. 11. med. syringe, hypodermic syringe. 12. med. shot, injection. 13. pricking sensation, prick, pricking. 14. colloq. biting remark. — atsan yere düşmez, colloq. The place is packed./It’s bursting at the seams.
   —   deliği the eye of a needle. — deliğinden Hindistan’ı seyretmek colloq. to be able to draw important conclusions from a small event. — gözü see iğne deliği. — ile kuyu kazmak colloq. 1. to try to do a hard job with pitifully inadequate means. 2. to do a job that demands a lot of time and patience.
   —   ile sağaltım acupuncture. — ile vermek hi to give (a medicine) hypodermically. — ipliğe dönmek colloq. to become very thin, turn to skin and bones, —ye iplik geçirmek to thread a needle, —den ipliğe kadar colloq. including even the smallest items. — iplik kalmak colloq. to become very thin, turn to skin and bones. — işi needlework. (Önce) — yi kendine batır, (sonra) çuvaldızı ele/başkasına, proverb Prick yourself with a needle before you stick a darning needle into others. — topuzu/topu head of a pin, pinhead. — üstünde oturmak colloq. to be on pins and needles, be on tenterhooks.
   —   yapmak/vurmak /a/ to give (s.o.) a shot, give (s.o.) a hypodermic injection. — yastığı pincushion. — yemek to be given a shot, be given a hypodermic injection. — yutmuş maymuna dönmek (— yemiş ite dönmek) colloq. to turn to skin and bones.
iğneardı, -m (./..) backstitch.
                                                                 iğnebalığı, -ni (./...) zool. fierasfer, Carapus.
iğneci
416
ihracatçılık
iğneci 1. person who gives hypodermic injections. 2. maker/seller of needles, iğnecik naut. pintle/bolt (of a rudder), iğnecilik 1. giving hypodermic injections as a profession. 2. making/selling needles, iğnedenlik pincushion, iğneleme 1. pinning. 2. sarcasm, iğnelemek 1. /ı, a/ to pin (s.t.) to. 2. hi to speak sarcastically of (s.o.). iğnelenmek 1. to be pinned, be pinned together.
   2.     to be spoken of in sarcastic terms. 3. to feel a needlelike stab of pain, iğneleyici sarcastic, cutting, biting, iğneli 1. equipped with a needle. 2. (insect) which has a stinger. 3. pinned, fastened with a pin. 4. sarcastic, biting, caustic (words).
   —      beşik/fıçı colloq. very troublesome situation. — söz sarcastic remark, iğnelik pincushion, iğneliler zool. Terebrantia. iğnemsi styloid, styliform. iğnesolucanı, -m (./....) zool. pinworm, seatworm, Enterobius vermicular is. iğneyapraklılar (./....) bot. Coniferales. iğrenç disgusting, loathsome, repulsive, detestable, foul, iğrençlik loathsomeness, repulsiveness, iğrendirmek hi to disgust, repel, iğrengen easily disgusted, iğrenilmek /dan/ impersonal passive to be disgusted (with), be repelled by. iğrenme disgust.
iğrenmek /dan/ to feel disgust (at), be disgusted (with); to loathe, iğrenti disgust, iğreti see eğreti, iğretileme lit., see eğretileme, iğretilik see eğretilik.
iğtinam (..—) obs. seizing (s.t.) as booty, plundering, spoliation, despoliation. — etmek hi to plunder, despoil, iğtişaş (..—) obs. 1. civil unrest. 2. revolt, rebellion. 3. adulteration (of food), iğva (.—) obs. 1. temptation. 2. seduction. 3. leading astray. — etmek hi 1. to tempt. 2. to seduce. 3. to lead (s.o.) astray. — ya kapılmak 1. to yield to temptation. 2. to be seduced. 3. to be led astray, ihafe (.—.) obs. 1. frightening, scaring. 2. threatening. — etmek hi 1. to frighten, scare. 2. to threaten.
ihale (.—.) 1. awarding (a contract) to (the lowest bidder). 2. auctioning (s.t.) to (the highest bidder). 3. assigning, delegating; referring, —ye çıkarılmak (for bids for a contract) to be accepted: Metronun inşaatı 1 şubattan itibaren ihaleye çıkarılacak. Bids for the subway contract will be accepted beginning February first. Bu iş ne zaman ihaleye çıkarılacak? When will bids for the job be accepted? — etmek /ı, a/ 1. to award (a contract) to (the lowest bidder): Otoyolun asfaltlanmasını Asaf Bey’in firmasına ihale
   ettiler. They awarded the contract for asphalting the freeway to Asaf Bey’s firm. 2. to auction (s.t.) to (the highest bidder). 3. to assign, delegate; to refer.
-i hali, -ni gram, the accusative, the accusative case.
iham (-------) obs., lit. using a word in its most
   obscure sense, ihanet, -ti (.—.) 1. treachery, betrayal. 2. unfaithfulness (to one’s spouse/beloved). — etmek /a/ 1. to betray. 2. to be unfaithful (to), ihata (.—.) obs. 1. encirclement, ringing, surrounding; envelopment; enclosure. 2. mil. surrounding, encirclement; investment. 3. embracing, encompassing, taking in. 4. comprehension, grasp, understanding. — etmek 111 1. to encircle, ring, surround; to envelope.
   2.     mil. to surround, encircle; to invest. 3. to embrace, encompass, take in. 4. to comprehend, grasp, understand, ihatalı (.—..) obs. 1. extensive, wide. 2. knowledgeable, well-informed. 3. comprehensive, inclusive. .
ihbar 1. denunciation, giving incriminating information. 2. informing. 3. notice, notification. — etmek hi 1. to denounce, inform on, inform upon, inform against. 2. to inform, notify. — mektubu letter of notice, ihbarcı 1. informer, denouncer. 2. informant, informer, giver of information, ihbariye (.— ..) obs. 1. notice, notification. 2. fee given to an informer/a denouncer. 3. fee given to someone assigned to convey an official message, ihbarlamak hi 1. to denounce, inform on, inform upon, inform against. 2. to inform, notify.
ihbarlı used in: — konuşma person-to-person telephone call, ihbarname (..—.) notice, notification, ihdas obs. 1. creation, invention. 2. setting up, establishment. — etmek hi 1. to create, invent. 2. to set up, establish, ihkak, -ki (.—) obs., used in: —ı hak law doing justice, —i haktan imtina/istinkâf law denial of justice, ihlal, -li infringement, violation. — etmek hi to break, infringe, violate (a law/a treaty/an agreement).
ihlil (.—) obs., anat. meatus urinarius, outer opening of the male urethra, ihmal, -li negligence. — etmek hi to neglect, ihmalci neglectful, negligent, ihmalcilik neglectfulness, ihmalkâr neglectful, negligent, ihmalkârlık neglectfulness, ihracat, -ti (.—.) 1. exportation, exporting. 2. exports, exported goods. — kredisi export credit. — primi export premium. — ı teşvik fonu export promotion fund, ihracatçı (.—..) exporter, ihracatçılık (.—...) exporting, the export business.
ihraç
ihraç 1. exportation, exporting. 2. extracting, removal. 3. expulsion, ousting. 4. deportation, sending (s.o.) (out of a country). 5. mil. discharge. 6. com. issuance, issuing (shares of stock). 7. mil. landing, disembarkation, debarkation (of troops). — etmek 111 1. to export. 2. to extract, remove. 3. to expel, oust.
   4.  to deport, send (s.o.) (out of a country).
   5.  mil. to discharge (s.o.). 6. com. to issue (shares of stock). 7. mil. to land, disembark, debark (troops). — makinesi mining hoist, winding engine. — malı 1. exports, exported goods. 2. made for export only. — malları exports, exported goods.
ihram 1. Islam seamless white garment worn by pilgrims in Mecca. 2. seamless white woolen garment (worn by Bedouins). 3. woolen cloth (used as a covering), —dan çıkmak Islam to take off the garment of the pilgrim, —a girmek Islam to put on the garment of the pilgrim, ihraz (.—) obs. obtainment; achievement. — etmek hi to obtain; to achieve, ihsa (.—) obs. counting, enumeration. — etmek 111 to count, enumerate.
ihsai (.-----) obs. 1. enumerative. 2. statistical.
ihsaiyat, -ti (.— — —) obs. statistics, ihsan 1. generous gift, benevolence, favor. 2. bestowal (of a favor). 3. kindness, benevolence. — buyurun, obs. I beg your pardon.
   —      etmek /ı, a/ to bestow (a favor) upon, ihsas (.—) obs. 1. implication, hinting, insinuation. 2. making (s.o.) aware of, causing (s.o.) to perceive (s.t.). 3. causing (s.o.) to feel. 4. phil., psych, sensation. — etmek 1. hi to imply, hint, insinuate. 2. /i, a/ to make (s.o.) aware of (s.t.), cause (s.o.) to perceive (s.t.).
   3. h, a/ to cause (s.o.) to feel (s.t.). 4. hi to feel, perceive. —i rey making one’s opinion known.
                                                                  ihsasi (.— —) obs., phil., psych, sensational, ihsasiye (.— ..) obs. I. phil. sensationalism, sens-ism. 2. psych, sensationism, sensationalism, ihtar 1. warning. 2. reminding. — cezası official reprimand. — etmek /i, a/ 1. to warn (s.o.) about.(s.t.). 2. to remind (s.o.) (to do s.t.). ihtarname (..—.) notarized statement (sent either to inform or remind), ihticaç (..—) obs. adducing (s.t.) as evidence.
   —   etmek Aa/ to adduce (s.t.) as evidence, cite (s.t.) as proof, —a salih (s.t.) which can be adduced as evidence, adducible as evidence, (s.t.) which can be cited as proof.
ihtida (..—) obs. becoming a Muslim, embracing Islam. — etmek to become a Muslim, embrace Islam, ihtifa (..—) obs. hiding, concealing o.s. — etmek to hide, conceal o.s., secrete o.s. ihtifal, -li (..—) obs. 1. (elaborate and public) remembrance ceremony or funeral. 2. (elaborate and public) celebration, ihtikâr obs. profiteering, ihtilaç obs., med. 1. convulsion. 2. palpitation.
417                                             ihtiraz
         3.    involuntary muscular twitch or spasm, ihtilaf 1. conflict of opinion, dispute, disagreement, difference. 2. difference, dissimilarity, —a düşmek to fall into disagreement with each other.
      ihtilaflı marked by disagreement; disputed, contested.
      ihtilal, -li 1. revolution. 2. disorder, confusion, disturbance. — yapmak to bring about a revolution.
                                                                       ihtilalci 1. (a) revolutionary. 2. revolutionary, ihtilas obs. 1. embezzlement, misappropriation, defalcation. 2. stealing, theft. — etmek hi
         1. to embezzle. 2. to steal.
      ihtilat, -ti obs. 1. med. complication. 2. social intercourse, social relations, association. 3. commingling. — etmek /la/ to associate with (s.o.). —tan kesilmek to stop seeing other people, —tan menetmek 111 to prohibit (a prisoner/a suspect) from associating with others. — yapmak (for one illness) to be complicated by another illness, ihtimal, -li 1. probability, likelihood, likeliness.
         2. probably, in all likelihood. — ki probably, in all likelihood. —i olmak /in/ (for s.t.) to be likely. —i olmamak Iml (for s.t.) to be unlikely. — vermek /a/ to consider (s.t.) likely.
      ihtimali (..— —) 1. probable, likely. 2. log.
         problematic, ihtimaliye (..— ..) obs., phil. probabilism. ihtimaliyet, -ti (..—..) math., log. probability, ihtimam 1. care, carefulness; painstaking. 2. diligent care, diligently looking after (s.o.).
         —     etmek/göstermek /a/ 1. to do (s.t.) with care; to take pains (to do s.t., with s.t.). 2. to care for (s.o.) diligently, ihtimamli careful; painstaking, ihtira (..—) obs. 1. invention. 2. phil. heuristic, heuretic. — beratı patent, patent right. — etmek 111 obs. to invent, ihtirai (..— —) obs., phil. heuristic, ihtirak, -ki (..—) obs. burning, combustion. — etmek to burn, combust. — kabiliyeti combustibility.
      ihtirakli obs., used in: — motor combustion engine. — tapa mil. time fuze, ihtiram obs. 1. respect, esteem, high regard. 2. honoring. — duruşu mil. standing at attention (in order to show respect). — etmek/ göstermek /a/ obs. to show respect for; to honor. — kıtası mil. guard of honor, honor guard. — nöbetçisi mil. honor guardsman (who is on duty), ihtiras 1. powerful desire, craving, lust, burning ambition, avidity. 2. passion, enthusiasm: Senin bu yelkencilik ihtirasına hayret ediyorum. I’m amazed at this passion you have for sailing.
      ihtiraslı,filled with desire, (s.o.) who is burning with ambition, avid, ihtiraz (..—) obs. 1. wariness, caution. 2. avoidance; shying away. — etmek /dan/ to avoid;
ihtirazi                                              418
                               to shy away from. — kaydı law reservation, limiting condition, limitation, ihtirazi —) obs. precautionary. — kayıt law reservation, limiting condition, limitation, ihtisar obs. 1. shortening, condensing, abridgement. 2. reducing the size of, narrowing the scope of. — etmek /ı/ 1. to shorten, condense, abridge. 2. to reduce the size of, narrow the scope of. ihtisas specialty, specialization. — kazanmak to earn a specialist’s degree/licence. — yapmak to study to be a qualified specialist, ihtisas ) obs. 1. feeling, sensing, sensation.
    2. (a) feeling, (an) impression. — etmek 111 to feel, sense, perceive, ihtişam magnificence, grandeur, splendor, pomp, ihtiva (..—) 1. containing, holding. 2. inclusion.
    —  etmek h! 1. to contain, hold. 2. to include, comprise.
                               ihtiyaç 1. something needed, necessity, need, want. 2. poverty, —a cevap vermek to serve a need. — duymak /a/ to feel the need (for).
    —  içinde kıvranmak 1. to be in great need.
    2. to suffer poverty. — olmak /a/ to be necessary. —i olmak /a/ to need, be in need of.
ihtiyar 1. old (person). 2. old person. 3. elder, senior, prominent citizen. — m düşkünü, beyaz giyer kış günü, proverb (If a person is old and poor he/she wears white on a winter’s day.) 1. Poor people wear whatever they can find. 2. When a person falls from power he’s/she’s ridiculed by others. — heyeti village council.
                               2ihtiyar (..—) 1. selection, option, choice. 2. preference. 3. free will, freedom of choice.
    —  etmek hi 1. to choose, select. 2. to prefer.
    3.    to tolerate, bear with, put up with, ihtiyari (..— '—) voluntary; facultative; elective, optional; discretionary. — ders obs. elective course, elective. — durak 1. place where buses stop only at a passenger’s request. 2. rail, whistle-stop, flag stop, flag station.
ihtiyarlamak to age, grow old, get old. ihtiyarlatmak l\l to age (s.o ). ihtiyarlık old age. — sigortası social security, old-age insurance, ihtiyat, -ti 1. caution, cautiousness; wariness; circumspection; discretion; prudence. 2. (a) precaution, precautionary measure. 3. mil. reserve, reserve force, reserves. 4. (a) spare,
    (a) reserve. 5. spare, reserve, put aside for future use. — akçesi fin. reserve, money kept in reserve. — kaydiyla with reservation.
    —  kuvvetleri reserve forces. — payı 1. safety margin. 2. com. cover (sum of money).
    —  zabiti mil. reserve officer.
ihtiyaten (..—'.) 1. as a precaution, as a precautionary measure. 2. as a reserve, as a spare.
ihtiyati (..— —) precautionary. — haciz law provisional attachment. — tedbirler precautionary measures.
                                                                                                     ikame
ihtiyatkâr cautious; wary; circumspect; discreet; prudent.
ihtiyatlı cautious; wary; circumspect; discreet; prudent. — bulunmak 1. to be ready for unexpected events. 2. to be cautious. — davranmak to act prudently, ihtiyatsız incautious; imprudent, ihtiyatsızlık incautiousness; imprudence. — etmek to act incautiously; to act imprudently, ihtizar (..—) obs. being at the point of death, ihtizaz (..—) obs. vibration, quivering; tremor, trembling.
ihvan (.—) obs. 1. friends. 2. fellow members, brethren, confraters. ihya (.—) 1. reviving, restoring to vigor, rein-vigoration, revitalization, rejuvenation. 2. pleasing (s.o.) greatly, delighting. 3. causing (s.t.) to thrive, making (s.t.) prosperous. 4. restoration, repairing (of a building). 5. building, establishing (a building/an institution). 6. Islam spending (a night) in prayer and worship. 7. revivification, restoring (s.o./ s.t.) to life, reanimation. 8. vivification, endowing with life, animation. — etmek III 1. to revive, restore (s.t.) to vigor, reinvigorate, revitalize, rejuvenate. 2. to please (s.o.) greatly, delight. 3. to cause (s.t.) to thrive, make (s.t.) prosperous. 4. to restore, repair (a building). 5. to build, establish (a building/ an institution). 6. Islam to spend (a night) praying and worshiping. 7. to revivify, restore (s.o./s.t.) to life, reanimate. 8. to vivify, endow (s.o./s.t.) with life, animate. — olmak
   1. to be revived, be restored to vigor, be reinvigorated, be revitalized, be rejuvenated.
   2. to be pleased greatly, be delighted. 3. to be made to thrive, be made prosperous. 4. (for a building) to be restored, be repaired.
   5. (for a building/an institution) to be built, be established. 6. to be revivified, be restored to life, be reanimated. 7. to be vivified, be endowed with life, be animated.
ihzar (.—) obs. 1. preparation. 2. law compelling (s.o.) by force to appear (in court). — etmek hi 1. to prepare. 2. law to compel (s.o.) by force to appear (in court), ihzari (.— —) obs. preparatory.
ika, -ai (-----) obs. 1. causing, bringing about,
   infliction. 2. committing, commission, performance, carrying out. — etmek 111 1. to cause, bring about, inflict. 2. to commit, perform, carry out. ikame (.—.) obs. 1. substitution; using (one thing) in place of (another). 2. stationing, posting. 3. showing, producing. 4. causing (s.o.) to stand up. — etmek 111 1. to substitute. 2. to station, post (troops, sentries, etc.). 3. to show, produce. 4. to cause (s.o.) to stand up, cause (s.o.) to get up. — i dava etmek 111 law to file a suit against. — mad-deleri/mallan com. substitutes, substitute goods. — i salat etmek Islam to perform the namaz.
ikameti
419
iki
ikameli law substitutional, substitutionary, ikamet, -ti (.—.) residence, residing. — etmek /da/ to live (in a building, at a place). — getirmek Islam (for a muezzin) to recite the kamet at the beginning of the namaz. — e memur edilmek /da/ law to be allowed to reside only in (a certain place). — tezkeresi residence permit, ikametgâh (.— ..) place of residence, legal domicile, residence. — kâğıdı/ilmühaberi residence paper, ikaz (—.) warning. — etmek hi to warn, ikbal, -li 1. good fortune. 2. prosperity, success.
   3.    liking to eat/drink (s.t.). 4. liking, caring for. 5. favoring, looking with favor upon, smiling on. 6. Ott. hist, a highly favored odalisque who ranked as a sort of unofficial wife of the sultan. — düşkünü someone who has seen better days, someone who has fallen on hard times, —den düşmek 1. to fall out of favor; not to be popular. 2. (for things) to go badly for (s.o.). — etmek /a/ 1. to like to eat/drink (s.t.). 2. to like, care for. 3. to favor, look with favor upon, smile on. — mevkii high standing, elevated position, high rank. — i sönmek for (one’s) star to set/ be on the wane, for (one’s) fortunes to be on the decline, ikdam (.—) obs. diligence, assiduity; perseverance. — etmek to be diligent, be assiduous; to persevere, ikdar (.—) obs. 1. enabling; giving (s.o.) power/ strength/competency. 2. providing (s.o.) with an adequate livelihood. — etmek hi 1. to enable. 2. to provide (s.o.) with an adequate livelihood, ikebana (../.) ikebana. iken while; while being, iki two. —dir for the second time. — miz the two of us. —miz de both of us. —si the two (of them), —si de both (of them). — ahbap çavuşlar colloq. inseparable friends, great pals, —si arası colloq. 1. neither one nor the other, a combination of the two. 2. (s.o./s.t.) which is a mixture of the two. — arada bir derede colloq. somehow or other.
   —   arada bir derede kalmak colloq. to be in a tight situation. — arada kalmak colloq. to be at a loss as to whom to believe; not to know whom to support. — aslan bir posta sığmaz, proverb (Two lions can’t climb into one skin.) People who are after the same goal will eventually clash. — at bir kazığa bağlanmaz. proverb (You can’t tie two horses to the same stake.) Two rivals for supremacy won’t work together harmoniously. — ateş arasında kalmak to be caught between two fires. — atomlu chem. diatomic. — atomlu molekül chem. diatomic molecule. — ayağını bir pabuca sokmak/koymak Iml colloq. to pressure (s.o.), put pressure on (s.o.) (to finish s.t. immediately). — baş bir kazanda kaynamaz, proverb (You can’t boil two
sheep’s heads in the same pot.) Two strong -willed people won’t work well together. — baştan olmak colloq. (for s.t.) to be possible only if both sides are in agreement about it.
—de bir/birde colloq. very frequently, all the time, constantly, continually, every whipstitch. —si bir kapıya çıkar, colloq. (They both come out the same door.) They both amount to the same thing, —si bir kazanda kaynamamak colloq. not to get along together. —sini bir kazana koysalar kaynamazlar. colloq. (If they were boiled in the same pot they wouldn’t stick together.) It’s impossible for them to get along with each other. — buçukluk formerly (a) two-and-a -half lira coin. — büklüm colloq. bent double, very stooped. — cambaz bir ipte oynamaz. proverb (Two acrobats can’t perform on one rope.) If two cheats try to work together, they end up cheating each other. — cami arasında kalmış beynamaz/binamaz colloq. (s.o.) who doesn’t know which alternative to choose, (s.o.) who doesn’t know which of two choices to make. — cihanda in this world and the next. — çıplak bir hamamda yakışır, proverb (For a couple without clothes the proper place is the public bath.) Don’t think about marrying if you haven’t got a penny to your name. — çift laf/söz colloq. a word or two, a few words.
—   çifte kayık (— çifteli) rowboat with two pairs of oars. — değerlikli chem. bivalent (elemetit). — deliye bir uslu koymuşlar. proverb (They put a sane person with two crazy people.) An impartial person can help two quarreling people resolve their controversy. — dinle, bir söyle, proverb (Listen twice; speak once.) Listen before you talk.
—   dirhem bir çekirdek colloq. dressed up fit to kill, dressed up to the nines, all dolled up. — dünya this world and the world to come. — el bir baş için/içindir, proverb (Two hands are just enough for one head.)
1. Everybody should stand on his/her own two feet ./Everybody should earn his/her own living. 2. A poor person’s earnings are only enough to provide for himself/herself. — eli böğründe kalmak colloq. to be at a loss as to what to do; to feel helpless. — eli (kızıl) kanda olsa colloq. no matter what he’s/she’s doing, no matter what, no matter how tied up he’s/she’s. — eli şakaklarında düşünmek colloq. to brood, be deep in thought.
—   eli yakasında olmak /m/ colloq. to intend to settle accounts (with another) on Judgment Day. — elim yanıma gelecek, colloq. (My two hands will come to my side on the Day of Judgment.) I swear I’m telling the truth!/ Cross my heart! — emini bir yemin aralar. proverb (Two people who trust each other are separated by an oath.) A feeling of trust between two people can be broken when one of them begins to swear that he’s/she’s telling
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the truth. — evli bigamous. — geçeli colloq. in two rows facing each other. — gönül bir olursa/olunca samanlık seyran olur, proverb (When two hearts beat as one a hayloft is like a castle.) If two people are really in love they can make do with a bare minimum of worldly goods. — gözüm colloq. my dear, my dear friend; my dear lady; my dear fellow. — gözle görme (— göze değgin görme) binocular vision. — gözü iki çeşme colloq. crying one’s eyes out, crying one’s heart out. — gözüm kör olsun! colloq. (May I be struck blind!) I swear to God! — gözüm önüme aksm! colloq. (May my eyes drop out!) I swear to God! — günde bir every other day. — hörgüçlü deve Bactrian camel, two-humped camel. — iki two by two. — kanatlı resim diptych. — kaptan bir gemiyi batırır, proverb (Two captains will sink a ship.) Too many cooks will spoil the stew.
—   kardeş savaşmış, ebleh buna inanmış. proverb (Two brothers fought and the fool thought it was for real.) Only a fool thinks that a disagreement between brothers is a real quarrel. — karpuz bir koltuğa sığmaz. proverb (You can’t carry two watermelons under one arm.) You can’t do two things at once. — kat 1. doubled, folded. 2. colloq. bent double, very stooped. — katı Iml double the amount of. — katlı 1. two-storied.
2.  two-layered. — kat olmak colloq. to be bent double, become very stooped. — kere twice. — kere iki dört eder gibi colloq. as sure as two and two is four. — kişi dinden olursa bir kişi candan olur, proverb The perjury of two people can result in the execution of one. — kulak bir dil için, proverb (A person has one tongue and two ears.) One should listen well and talk little. — lafi/la-kırdıyı bir araya getirememek colloq., see iki sözü bir araya getirememek. — misli twofold, twice as much. — namlulu double -barreled. — nokta (üst üste) punctuation colon, —si/—sinin ortası 1. (s.o./s.t.) which is a blend of the two. 2. a blend of the two.
3.  middle ground, middle of the road; middle way, middle path. — ölç, bir biç. proverb (Measure twice and cut once.) Think before you act. — paralık etmek III colloq. to ruin (s.o.’s) reputation, discredit (s.o.) thoroughly.
—   paralık olmak colloq. (for s.o.’s reputation) to be ruined, (for s.o.) to be thoroughly discredited. — rahmetten biri, colloq. If he/ she can’t get well I hope death will put an end to his/her sufferings. — satır konuşmak/ dertleşmek colloq. to have a brief chat. — seksen uzanmak slang 1. to be tickled pink. 2. to be flattened (by a fisticuff). 3. to loll.
—   sözü bir araya getirememek colloq. to be unable to express o.s. clearly. — söz bir pazar colloq. after only a little bargaining.
—   şıktan biri one of two choices. — şilte bir yastık, onu da terkiye astık, colloq. (We
   had two quilts and a pillow, and we hung them from the saddle.) We don’t have much and what we have is easily moved. — taraf olmak (for a group) to split into two opposing sides. — testi tokuşunca biri elbet kırılır. proverb (If one water jug strikes another, one of them is sure to break.) When two parties get in a fight one of them is sure to wind up the loser. — tımar bir yem yerine geçer, proverb (Two groomings are worth a feeding.) Keeping a horse well groomed is next in importance to feeding it. — ucunu bir araya getirememek colloq. 1. not to be able to make ends meet. 2. to be unable to make a go of something. — ucu boklu değnek colloq. a nasty situation. — yakası bir araya gelmemek colloq. not to be able to make ends meet. — zamanlı mus. alia breve, ikianlamli (./...) ambiguous, equivocal, ikibaşlı (./..) anat. biceps, ikibazli (.•"••) chem. dibasic, ikibir (./.) dice a one and a two. ikiboyutlu (./...) two-dimensional. — dizi comp, two-dimensional array, ikicanli (./..) pregnant (woman), ikici phil. 1. (a) dualist. 2. dualistic, dualist, ikicilik phil. dualism, ikicinsli (./..) bisexual, ikicinslikli (./...) see ikicinsli. ikicinslilik (..'...) bisexuality, ikiçenekli (./...) bot. dicotyledonous, ikiçenekliler (./....) bot. Dicotyledones. ikiçenetli (./...) bot., zool. bivalve, bivalvular, bivalved.
ikiçenetliler (./....) zool. Lamellibranchia. ikideğerli (./...) bivalent, ikideğerlilik (./....) bivalence, ikidilli (./..) bilingual, ikidillilik (./...) bilingualism, ikidüzlemli (./...) geom. dihedral. — açı dihedral angle, ikieşeyli (./...) bisexual, ikieşeylilik (./....) bisexuality, ikievcikli (./...) bot. dioecious, ikievreli (./...) mech. two-cycle (engine), ikifazli (./..) phys. diphase, two-phase, ikikanatlilar (./....) zool. Diptera. ikikarmli (./...) anat. digastric, ikil ling, the dual number, the dual, ikilem log. dilemma.
                                                       ikileme 1. increasing the number of (people/ things) to two. 2. plowing (land) twice. 3. repetition. 4. repetition of a word. 5. ling. assonant doublet (i.e. ıvır zıvır, kitap mitap). ikilemek hi 1. to increase the number of (people/things) to two: Çocuklarımızı ikiledik. We increased the number of our children to two. 2. to plow (land) twice. 3. to repeat, ikileşmek to become two in number, ikili 1. double, made up of two identical parts. 2. bilateral (agreement/treaty). 3. (s.t.) which holds two measures/things. 4. binary. 5. duet.
   6. duo. 7. (a) two (playing card or domino).
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    —  anlaşma bilateral treaty. — arama comp. binary search. — bileşik chem. binary compound. — birim math., comp, binary unit.
    —  bisiklet tandem, tandem bicycle. — çatı ling, syncretism. — değişken math, binary variable. — döviz kuru dual exchange rate.
    —  kapacık anat. mitral valve. — kod comp. binary code. — kök gram, root used for forming both nouns and verbs. — oynamak colloq. to play both ends against the middle.
    —  öğe comp, binary element. — sayı binary digit. — sayı sistemi binary notation scale/ system. — ticaret bilateral trade. — ünlü phon. diphthong.
ikilik 1. twofold division, duality. 2. twofold division of opinion. 3. mus. half note. 4. formerly silver coin worth two kuruş. 5. (s.t.) which can hold two measures/things. 6. formerly (s.t.) which is worth two kuruş, ikinci 1. second. 2. secondary. 3. vice-, sub-. 4. the second; the second person; the second one: son sınıfın İkincisi the salutatorian. — çağ geol. the Mesozoic era, the Mesozoic. I— Dünya Savaşı the Second World War, World War II. — el colloq. seconhand. — el piyasa see ikincil piyasa. — ferik mil., hist. major general. — gelmek to come in second (in a race). — hamur kâğıt a lightly glazed paper. — imza countersignature. — kânun obs. January. — kişi gram, the second person. — mevki see ikinci sınıf. — mülazım mil., hist, lowest ranking army officer (falling below a second lieutenant). — olmak see ikinci gelmek. — plana düşmek to become of secondary importance. — pazar unlisted securities market. — planda kalmak to be of secondary importance. — smif 1. second -class. 2. the second-class section (in a boat/ a train/an airplane). — şahıs gram., see ikinci kişi. — teşrin obs. November. — üstenci subcontractor, ikincil secondary. — bellek comp, secondary storage. — piyasa secondary market, ikincizar (../.) bot. secundine. ikindi midafternoon. — ezanı Islam the call to afternoon prayer. — güneşi gibi colloq. 1. transient, short. 2. quickly. — kahvaltısı midafternoon snack. — namazı Islam the afternoon prayer, —den sonra dükkân açmak colloq. to start doing something rather late, start something rather late in the day. ^ — üstü in midaftemoon; about midaftemoon. ikindiyin (../.) colloq. in midafternoon, ikiodakli (./...) bifocal, ikircik 1. hesitancy. 2. suspicion, doubt, ikirciklenmek 1. to hesitate. 2. to get suspicious, become dubious, ikircikli 1. hesitant. 2. suspicious, doubtful, ikirciklik 1. being hesitant, hesitancy. 2. being suspicious, being doubtful, ikircil ambiguous, equivocal, ikircim see ikircik, ikircimlenmek see ikirciklenmek.
ikircimli see ikircikli, ikircimlik see ikirciklik, ikisütunlu (./...) arch, distyle, ikişekilli (./...) dimorphic, dimorphous, ikişekillilik (./....) dimorphism, ikişer two each, two apiece: Çocuklara ikişer şeftali verdim. I gave the children two peaches apiece. — ikişer two by two, in twos, in pairs, in groups of two; two at a time. — olmak to line up in twos.
İkitelli (./..) a two-stringed instrument played by plucking, ikiterimli (./...) math, binomial, ikiyanli (./..) bilateral, ikiyaşamlı (./...) zool., see ikiyaşayışlı. ikiyaşamlılar (./....) zool., see ikiyaşayışlılar. ikiyaşayışlı (./....) zool. amphibious, amphibian.
ikiyaşayışlılar (./....) zool. Amphibia.
ikiyüzlü (./..) 1. hypocritical, two-faced. 2.
    double-faced (cloth), ikiyüzlülük (./...) hypocrisy, two-facedness, ikiz 1. (a) twin; twin brother; twin sister. 2. (s.o.) born with someone else at the same birth, twin: Ay dm ikiz kardeşimdir. Aydın’s my twin brother. Biz ikiziz. We’re twins. — doğurmak 1. to give birth to twins. 2. colloq. to have a very hard time, have a devil of a time, have the devil’s own time. — ev double house, duplex (two-family house divided vertically by a party wall), ikizanlam (./..) amphibology, ikizanlamli (./...) amphibological, ambiguous, ikizkenar geom. isosceles. — üçgen isosceles triangle. — yamuk isosceles trapezoid. İkizler as trol, the Gemini, the Twins, ikizler slang breasts, boobs, tits. — e takke slang bra.
ikizli 1. (woman) who is the mother of twins.
    2.    amphibological. 3. double, made up of two identical parts. 4. (problem) which has two sides, two-sided, iklim 1. climate. 2. region. —e alışma acclimation. —e alıştırma acclimatization. — kuşağı/bölgesi climatic zone, iklimbilim (./..) climatology, iklimbilimci (./...) climatologist, iklimleme air conditioning. — aygıtı air conditioner, iklimsel climatic.
ikmal, -li 1. completion, finishing. 2. making up, making good (a deficiency). 3. mil. supply, supplying. 4. colloq. makeup exam, makeup (taken to pass a course one has failed). — e bırakmak /ı/ to fail (a student) (thus requiring him/her to take a makeup exam). — etmek /ı/ 1. to complete, finish.
    2. to make up, make good (a deficiency).
    —siz geçmek 1. to, pass without having to take any makeup examinations. 2. slang to drive someone else’s vehicle for a full year.
    —  gemisi supply ship. — hatları mil. lines of communication, supply lines. — imtihanı makeup examination (taken to pass a course
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    one has failed). — e kalmak to fail a subject (and thus be required to take a makeup exam). — kolu mil. supply column. — maddesi mil. supplies. — subayı mil. supply officer. — yapmak to take on supplies, take on provisions, ikmalci 1. student who has failed a subject; student who is preparing for a makeup exam in a subject he/she has failed. 2. (student) who has failed a subject; (student) who is preparing for a makeup exam in a subject he/she has failed.
ikna, -ai (.—) persuasion; convincing; prevailing on/upon. — etmek /ı/ to persuade; III to convince; /i, a/ to prevail on/upon (s.o.) (to do s.t.). — olmak to be persuaded; to be convinced; /a/ to be prevailed on/upon (to do s.t.). — yolu moral suasion, ikon see ikona.
ikona (./.) icon, ikon, eikon. — düşmanı iconoclast. — düşmanlığı iconoclasm. ikonografi iconography, ikonometre (.../.) phot, iconometer. ikonostas iconostasis, iconostas. ikrah obs. 1. loathing, aversion; distaste. 2. law coercion, constraint. — etmek /dan/ to loathe, have an aversion for/to. — gelmek /a, dan/ to come to loathe (s.t.): Bana bundan ikrah geldi. I have come to loathe this.
   —   ve tehdit law duress.
ikrahen (.—.) obs. 1. with loathing, with distaste. 2. under constraint, by force, forcibly, ikrahlık colloq. loathing, aversion. — gelmek /dan, a/ to get disgusted by/with (s.o./s.t.): Ondan bana ikrahlık geldi. I’ve gotten disgusted with it. ikram 1. offering/giving (food, drink, cigarettes, etc.) to (a guest). 2. treating (s.o.) very hospitably, great hospitality. 3. offering/giving (s.t.). 4. gift, present. 5. reduction in price.
   —   etmek 1. /ı, a/ to offer/give (food, drink, cigarettes, etc.) to (a guest). 2. /a/ to treat (s.o.) very hospitably. 3. /i, a/ to offer/give (s.o.) (s.t.). 4. to reduce the price by (a specified amount); /a/ to reduce the price for (s.o.) by (a specified amount): Sana iki yüz bin lira ikram ederim. I’ll reduce the price for you by two hundred thousand liras.
                                                            ikramcı 1. someone who always offers a guest things to eat and drink. 2. (s.o.) who always offers a guest things to eat and drink, ikramiye (.—..) 1. bonus; premium. 2. prize (in a lottery). 3. reward, ikramiyeli (.—...) (s.t.) which gives the owner a chance to win something in a lottery. — tahvil lottery bond, ikrar (.—) obs. 1. confession, admission, avowal, acknowledgment. 2. declaration. — indan dönmek 1. to retract one’s confession. 2. to renege, go back on one’s word, break one’s promise. — etmek /ı/ 1. to confess, admit, avow, acknowledge. 2. to declare, —a gelmek to confess, admit to something. — ver-
   mek to promise, give one’s word, ikraz (.—) obs. loaning, lending. — etmek hi to loan, lend, iks (the letter) x.
                            iksa (.—) obs. clothing, dressing, attiring. — etmek /a, ı/ to clothe (s.o.) in, dress (s.o.) in: Çocuklarına pahalı elbise iksa etti. She dressed her children in expensive clothes, iksir elixir.
iktibas obs. 1. quotation; extract, excerpt; citation. 2. quoting, quotation; extracting, excerpting; citing, citation. 3. borrowing. — etmek III 1. to quote. 2. to borrow, iktidar 1. power, ability, capacity: Vezirin seni nefyetmeye iktidarı var. The vizier has the power to exile you. Bu iş Mahir’in mali iktidarı üstünde. This job is beyond Mahir’s financial capacity. 2. political power.
   3. (a) group that is in power, (a) government. 4. potency, ability of a male to perform sexual intercourse, —a gelmek (for a political party/leader) to come into power. — mevkii (position of) being in power: Onun partisi iktidar mevkiine geldi. His party came into power, —da olmak (for a political party/leader) to be in power, —mda olmak to be able to, have the capacity to (do s.t.); to have the power to (do s.t.): Bunu yapmak iktidarmdadır. He has the power to do this.
   —  partisi pol. the party in power, — sahibi
   1. (s.o.) who possesses the power/the capacity to do something. 2. someone who possesses the power/the capacity to do something.
iktidarcı 1. supporter of the party in power. 2. (s.o.) who supports the party in power. 3. (newspaper/group) which supports the party in power.
iktidarlı 1. (s.o.) who possesses the power/the capacity to do something. 2. sexually potent (male).
iktidarsız 1. (s.o.) who does not possess the power/the capacity to do something. 2. sexually impotent (male), iktidarsızlık 1. lack of power/capacity to do something. 2. sexual impotence, iktifa (..—) contenting o.s. with; being content with, regarding (s.t.) as sufficient. — etmek /la/ to content o.s. with; to be content with, regard (s.t.) as sufficient, iktiham (..—) obs. 1. mil. assaulting, assault; storming, storm. 2. overcoming (a difficulty). 3. enduring, endurance. — etmek hi
   1.    mil. to assault; to storm. 2. to overcome (a difficulty). 3. to endure, iktiran (..—) obs. 1. approaching, drawing near to. 2. reaching, arriving at. 3. being presented to, being submitted to. 4. astr. conjunction (of two planets). — etmek /a/ 1. to approach, draw near to. 2. to reach, arrive at. 3. to be presented to, be submitted to. iktisaden (..—.) economically, from an economic standpoint.
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iktisadi (..-----) 1. economic, pertaining to eco-
    nomics. 2. economical. — devlet kuruluşu/ teşekkülü corporation in which the government is the majority, stockholder. — doktrin economic doctrine. İ— İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Teşkilatı Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. İ— ve Ticari İlimler Akademisi the Academy of Economic and Commercial Sciences. — yeterlik autarky, autarchy, economic self-sufficiency, iktisadiyat, -ti          1. (the  science of)  eco-
    nomics. 2. economy, economic state (of a country).
iktisap (..—) obs. acquisition. — etmek hi to acquire, gain, iktisat 1. economics, economy. 2. economy, thrift, saving. — etmek to economize. İ— Fakültesi the School of Economics (of Istanbul University). — ilmi economics. — yapmak see iktisat etmek, iktisatçı economist, iktisatçılık the work of an economist, iktitaf (..—) obs. 1. harvesting, reaping. 2. compiling (an anthology). — etmek hi 1. to harvest, reap. 2. to compile (an anthology), iktitafiye (..—..) obs., phil. eclecticism, iktiyoloji ichthyology.
iktiza (..—) obs. 1. being necessary; being required. 2. requirement. 3. necessitating; requiring. 4. being of use to, being of benefit to. — smca as required by. — etmek 1. to be necessary; to be required. 2. hi to necessitate; to require. 3. /a/ to be of use to, be of benefit to. — ettirmek III to necessitate; to require. — etmek 1. to be necessary, be required. 2. hi to necessitate, il 1. administrative province (of a country). 2. country, nation. — daimi encümeni advisory and financial committee of a provincial assembly. — genel meclisi provincial assembly. — idare kurulu executive committee of a provincial assembly, ila (.—) from ... to ..., between ... and ...: on ila yirmi kişi between ten and twenty people, ilaç 1. medicine, medicament, medication; drug.
    2. disinfectant. 3. pesticide; insecticide; herbicide; fungicide. 4. (a) chemical preparation: boru açma ilacı preparation used to unclog pipes. 5. remedy. — dolabı medicine cabinet, medicine chest. — için colloq. (used with a negative verb to indicate a complete lack of s.t.) not a single; not any: İlaç için istesen muz bulamazsın. You can’t find a banana för love or money. İlaç için olsun parası yok. He doesn’t have a penny to his name.
    —  kılavuzu/kitabı pharmacopoeia. — yazmak to prescribe medicine.
ilaçbilim (./..) pharmacology, ilaçlamak hi 1. to put medicine on; to impregnate (s.t.) with a medicinal substance, medicate. 2. to treat (s.t.) with disinfectant.
    3. to apply pesticide to, treat (s.t.) with pesticide.
 ilaçlanmak 1. to be treated with medicine; to be medicated. 2. to be treated with disinfectant. 3. to be treated with pesticide. 4. to rub a medicated substance (as a lotion, powder, ointment, etc.) into one’s skin, ilaçlı 1. (s.t.) which contains a medicinal substance; medicated. 2. (s.t.) which contains disinfectant. 3. (s.t.) which contains pesticide.
    4.    (s.t.) which has been treated with medi-ciner 5. (s.t.) which has been treated with disinfectant. 6. (s.t.) which has been treated with pesticide, ilaçsız 1. (s.t.) which contains no medicinal substance. 2. (s.t.) which contains no disinfectant. 3. (s.t.) which contains no pesticide. 4. (s.t.) which has not been treated with medicine. 5. (s.t.) which has not been treated with disinfectant. 6. (s.t.) which has not been treated with pesticide. 7. incurable (disease).
    8. (s.t.) which can not be corrected/healed, irreparable, irremediable, remediless.
 41ah god, deity.
2ilah obs. et cetera, ilahe (.—.) goddess.
 ilahi (.----) 1. divine, of God. 2. O God! (used
   in addressing God). ilahi (.—.) hymn, anthem, psalm, canticle, chant of praise.
ilahi (.—'.) Heavens!/Goodness!/Bless you!: İlahi Necati, neler söylüyorsun! Goodness Necati, what things you say! ilahileşmek (.— —..) to become divine, ilahileştirmek (.— —...) hi to divinize, ilahiyat, -ti (.— ..) theology. — doktoru doctor of divinity. — fakültesi school of theology, ilahiyatçı (.—...) 1. theologian. 2. theological student.
ilahiye (.— ..) obs., phil. theism, ilahiyet, -ti (.— ..) obs. the quality/state of being divine, divinity, deity, godhead, godhood. ilahiyun (.—.—) obs. theologians, ilahlaşmak see ilahileşmek, ilal (.—) obs.; phil. causation, ilam (—.) 1. law written judgment, written judicial decree, writ. 2. (any legislative/admi-nistrative) written decision, written decree.
    3.    informing, notification; communication, making known. — etmek hi to inform, notify; to communicate, make (s.t.) known, ilamaşallah (/— —..) 1. for as long as God wills it to be. 2. Magnificent!/Bravo!/Just look at that! (said sarcastically). ilamsız (—..) law (action) carried out without an official writ. — takip law action of debt carried out without a writ, ilan (—.) 1. announcing, proclaiming, declaring, declaration, promulgation. 2. advertising, advertisement. 3. (written) advertisement, public notice. 4. showing, manifestation. — acentesi advertising agency. —ı aşk declaration of love, —i aşk etmek /a/ to declare one’s love (to). — etmek III 1. to announce, proclaim, declare, promulgate. 2. to show,
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    manifest. —ı harp obs. declaration of war. —i harp etmek /a/ obs. to declare war (on), —i iflas obs. declaration of bankruptcy. — pulu revenue stamp affixed to advertisements. — tahtası 1. billboard, Brit, hoarding. 2. bulletin board, Brit, notice board, ilanat, -ti (— — =—) obs. 1. announcements, proclamations, declarations. 2. advertisements, advertisings. 3. (written) advertisements, public notices, ilancılık (—...) advertising, the advertising business.
ilanen (— —.) by public advertisement, ilanihaye (.— .— .) to the end. ilarya (./.) zool. thin-lipped gray mullet, Mugil capito. ilave (.—.) 1. addition, increase. 2. supplement (especially to a book/an encyclopedia/a newspaper). 3. extra, special edition (of a newspaper). 4. extra charge, added fee. 5. postscript. 6. appendix (of a book). 7. supplementary, supplemental; additional, extra: ilave tahsisat supplemental appropriations. — etmek /ı, a/ to add (s.t.) to: Şimdi bu malzemelere biraz yenibahar ilave et. Now add a little allspice to these ingredients. Veli evvelki dediklerine bunu ilave etti. Veli added this to what he’d already said, ilaveli (.— ..) furnished with a supplement/an addition.
ilaveten (.—'..) /a/ in addition (to), ilbay governor of a province, provincial governor.
ilbaylık 1. governorship of a province. 2. being a provincial governor. 3. governorate. ilea (.—) obs. 1. constraint, force, compulsion. 2. psych, impulse. —siyla constrained by, compelled by, by force of: Bunu zaruret il-casıyla yaptı. He did this by force of necessity. — etmek III to constrain, force, compel, ilcaat, -ti (.— —) obs. constraints, pressures, exigencies, ilçe (administrative) district (within an il). ilçebay head of a district, ilçebaylık 1. headship of a district. 2. being the head of a district. 3. area administered by a district head, ile 1. with, together with: Defne, Emre’yle gitti. Defne went with Emre. 2. and: Erol’la Mer-tol altıda geldiler. Erol and Mertol came at six. Bu olay İngiltere ile Fransa arasındaki ilişkileri etkilemez. This incident won’t affect the relations between England and France. Ev ile sokak arasında bahçe var. There’s a garden between the house and the street. 3. with, by means of; by: Arabayla gidemedik. We couldn’t go by car. Onu kaşığınla ye! Eat that with your spoon! Çok çalışmakla bunu bitirebilirsiniz. With a lot of work you can get this done.
   4. as a result of, owing to, by, because of: Meriç’in seyahatten vazgeçmesiyle her şey altüst oldu. Everything’s been upset by
   Meriç’s deciding not to go on the trip. Dikkatsizlikle tekneyi karaya oturttu. He ran the boat aground through carelessness. 5. used with an infinitive to specify the nature of an activity: Sevinç yaz tatilini okumakla geçirdi. Sevinç spent her summer vacation reading. Bir deneme yazmakla meşgul. He’s busy writing an essay. Bunu yapmakla büyük bir hata işlemişim. It seems that by doing this I’ve made a big mistake. 6. with, showing: Dikkatle dinlemedi. He didn’t listen attentively. Odadan hiddetle çıktı. He went out of the room in a fury. 7. with, having the possession of: Ayşe, Almanya’ya amcasının rızasıyla gitti. Ayşe went to Germany with her uncle’s consent. 8. by (with units of measure): Onları kiloyla sattık. We sold them by the kilo. 9. upon, on, when; at the moment of; at the time of: Sabahla dünya bambaşka göründü. When morning came the world looked completely different. Sinem’in evden ayrılmasıyla çocuklar çıldırdı. On Sinem’s leaving the house the children went wild. 10. (in certain set expressions) I hope you .../Have a .../May you ...: Selametle gidin. Have a safe trip. Bunu afiyetle ye. I hope you enjoy eating this. Devletle! Good Luck! — beraber/birlikte 1. together with, along with, including, inclusive of: Selim öbür çocuklarla birlikte okula gitti. Selim went to school along with the other children. Termosifonun fiyatı KDV’y-le birlikte elli milyon liraydı. The price of the water heater, including the VAT, was fifty million liras. 2. when, at the same time that: Kışın gelmesiyle beraber odun pahalılaştı. When winter arrived wood became more expensive. 3. although; despite: Genç olmakla beraber epey bilgili. He knows a lot despite his being young. Demir itiraz etmekle beraber Erdemir işin tümünü tek başına yaptı. Although Demir objected, Erdemir did all the work by himself. 4. as well as, apart from, besides: İyi bir şair olmakla birlikte çok yetenekli bir öğretmen. Apart from being a good poet he is also a very capable teacher, ileğen prov., see leğen.
ilekinciri, -ni (./...) bot. caprifig, wild fig, Ficus carica sylvestris. ilekleme caprification. ileklemek /i/ to caprificate. ileksineği, -ni (./...) zool. fig wasp, Blastophaga psenes.
ilelebet (./..) forever, forevermore, everlastingly, eternally, always, ilen prov., see ile.
ilenç 1. curse, malediction. 2. cursing, ilenger prov., see lenger, ilenme cursing.
ilenmek /a/ to curse, damn, revile, ilerde see ileride.
                                                            ileri 1. the front, the area or part which lies to the front: Trenin ilerisini göremiyoruz.
ilerici
 425
iletmek
   We can’t see the front part of the train. 2. the next part (of a road/a course/a job): İlerimizde deniz vardı. In front of us lay the sea. Yolun ilerisi çok virajlı. The next part of the road is full of curves. Bu işin ilerisi pek kolay olmaz. The next part of this job won’t be very easy. 3. the future, the time yet to come; the time which lies just ahead: ilerimiz kış. Winter is just around the corner İleriyi hiç düşünmedin mi? Haven’t you ever thought about the future? 4. mil. advance, forward, situated near the front: ileri komuta yeri advance command post.
   5. fast (clock, watch, etc.): Saatim üç dakika ileri. My watch is three minutes fast. 6. /dan/ ahead of, before, (s.t.) which precedes: Seher bizden ileri sınıflardan birindeydi. Seher was in one of the classes ahead of us. 7. advanced; beyond the elementary stage; ahead of others. 8. advanced (age/years): Gülriz henüz ileri bir yaşta değil. Gülriz’s not yet advanced in years. 9. forward, forwards, to the front; out in front; onward, onwards. İ—! Forward !/Onward! — almak hi
   1. to move (s.t.) forward, move (s.t.) towards the front. 2. to promote (s.o.). 3. to set/put (a clock/a watch) forward. — atılmak to spring forward; to rush forward, —den beri for a long time now. — çıkmak 1. to come forward. 2. archaic to go out to meet (s.o.). —ye doğru bağlantı com. forward linkage.
   —  evre critical stage. — geçmek 1. to go forward, go to the front. 2. to be promoted.
   —  gelenler important people, prominent people, notables, worthies, bigwigs. — gelmek 1. /dan/ to be caused by, result from, be due to. 2. archaic to progress, advance.
   —  geri konuşmak/laflar etmek/söylenmek colloq. to speak in an offhanded, tactless way, talk offhandedly and tactlessly. — gitmek 1. to advance, progress. 2. colloq. to go too far, go beyond the bounds of what is considered acceptable. 3. (for a clock/a watch) to gain time, be fast. — yi görmek to foresee the future. — görüş foresight, prescience. — görüşlü foresighted, foresightful, farsighted, prescient (person). — götürmek hi colloq. to take (s.t.) too far, carry (s.t.) too far. — hat mil. front line. — karakol mil. outpost; outlying picket. — marş! mil. Forward, march! — sürmek hi 1. to drive (s.o./s.t.) forward. 2. to put forward, set forth (an idea). — varmak colloq. to go too far, go beyond the bounds of what is considered acceptable, —ye yönelik sözleşme com. futures contract. — zamanda archaic in days of old, once, once upon a time.
ilerici 1. (a) progressive, (a) progressivist. 2. progressive (person/idea/action).
ilericilik progressiveness, being progressive; being a progressive.
ileride 1. in the future, later on. 2. further on,
   ahead. 3. in front, ilerisi, -ni 1. the future. 2. the farther part. 3. the rest, what is still to come. — ni gerisini düşünmemek/hesaplamamak/saymamak /m/ colloq. not to give a thought to the consequences of (s.t.). —ne gitmek /m/ 1. to consider (s.t.) in depth, go into (s.t.) in detail. 2. to see (s.t.) through, ilerlek 1. advanced, developed. 2. progressive.
   —     benzeşme ling., see ilerleyici benzeşme, ilerleme 1. going forward, moving ahead, advance. 2. progress, improvement, advancement. 3. increase, growth, ilerlemeci see ilerici, ilerlemecilik see ilericilik, ilerlemek 1. to go forward, move ahead, advance. 2. to progress, improve, advance. 3. to increase, grow; to advance, progress. 4. to be well into (a period of time): Gece bir hayli ilerlediğinde şarkı söylemeye başladı. When the night was well advanced he began to sing. 5. (for time) to pass, get on: Vakit ilerliyor. Time’s getting on. 6. (for a timepiece) to gain time. 7. (for a disease) to get progressively worse; to spread, ilerlemiş 1. advanced (age). 2. med. advanced, acute.
ilerletmek hi 1. to cause/allow (s.o./s.t.) to move forward. 2. to cause/allow (s.o./s.t.) to progress/improve. 3. to cause/allow (s.t.) to grow/advance. 4. to cause (a timepiece) to gain time. 5. to cause (a disease) to worsen; to cause (a disease) to spread, ilerleyici progressive. — benzeşme ling, progressive assimilation. — felç med. progressive paralysis, ileş prov., see leş. ileteç electrical cable.
ileti 1. message. 2. communique, official announcement. — kuyruğu comp, message queue.
iletici 1. transmitter. 2. transmissive, iletilmek 1. /a/ to be conveyed to, be delivered to. 2. /a/ to be conducted to, be transmitted to. 3. /a/ to be moved to. 4. archaic to be stolen.
iletim 1. conveyance, conveying. 2. conduction, transmission. 3. phys. convection (refers to transfer of heat). — hatası comp, transmission error.
iletimli transmitted, broadcast live. — yaym live broadcast, iletişim communication, iletken phys. 1. conductor, something which conducts. 2. conductive, iletkenlik conductivity, iletki math, protractor.
iletme 1. conveyance, conveying, delivering. 2. conduction, transmission. — aracı comp. bus.
iletmek 1. /ı, a/ to convey (s.t.) to, deliver (s.t.) to. 2. /i, a/ to conduct (s.t.) to, transmit (s.t.) to. 3. /i, a/ to move (s.t.) to. 4. hi archaic to
ileze
426
ilikmen
    make off with, steal, ileze prov. 1. weak, puny. 2. stunted. 3. shriveled. 4. ailing, ill, sick, unwell. 5. consumptive, tubercular, tuberculous, affected with tuberculosis, ilga (.—) obs. 1. law abrogation, annulment, repeal, revocation, rescission. 2. abolition, doing away with. — etmek hi 1. law to abrogate, annul, repeal, revoke, rescind. 2. to abolish, do away with, ilgeç 1. gram, postposition, postpositive, postposed word/particle. 2. gram, preposition, prepositive, preposed word/particle. 3. gram. particle. 4. prov. hook. 5. prov. safety pin.
    6. prov. pocket clip, clip (of a pen/a pencil).
    7. prov. button.
ilgeçli 1 .gram, postpositional, postpositive. 2. gram, prepositional, prepositive. 3. gram. (phrase) which contains a particle. 4. prov. provided with a hook, hooked. 5. prov. hooked, fastened with a hook. 6. prov. provided with a safety pin. 7. prov. fastened with a safety pin. 8. prov. (pen/pencil) which has a pocket clip. 9. /a/ prov. (pen/pencil) clipped on/to (a pocket). 10. prov. provided with buttons, buttoned. 11. prov. buttoned, fastened with buttons, ilgi 1. relation, connection; relevance. 2. interest, concern. 3. chem. affinity. — çekici interesting. — çekmek to attract attention, —sini çekmek /in/ to interest (s.o./s.t.), draw (s.o.’s/ s.t.’s) attention, attract (s.o.’s/s.t.’s) attention.
    —     duymak /a/ to be interested in. — eki gram, the -ki suffix added to nouns and pronouns (e.g. dünkü, onlarınki). — göstermek /a/ to show interest in. — toplamak to attract attention. — zamiri gram, possessive pronoun (e.g. onunki), ilğiç prov. 1. hook. 2. pocket clip, clip (of a pen/a pencil), ilgiçli prov. 1. provided with a hook, hooked. 2. hooked, fastened with a hook. 3. (pen/ pencil) which has a pocket clip. 4. /a/ (pen/ pencil) clipped on/to (a pocket), ilgilendirmek 1. /ı/ to interest, arouse the interest of, draw the attention of. 2. /i/ to relate to, concern, pertain to, apply to. 3. /i, la/ to cause (s.o.) to become engaged in, get (s.o.) involved in. ilgilenmek /la/ 1. to be interested in, be curious about, be attracted to. 2. to take an interest in, concern o.s. with. 3. to enjoy doing (s.t.), get pleasure out of. ilgili 1. /la/ pertaining to, related to, connected to, concerned with, relevant to, apropos of.
    2. /la/ interested in, curious about. 3. relevant: ilgili evraklar the relevant documents.
    4.    interested, concerned, involved: ilgili kişiler those concerned. —ler those concerned, interested parties, ilgililik 1. relatedness, connectedness. 2. interestedness, curiousness, curiosity. 3. relevancy, ilgin math, affine. — işlev affine function. —
    uzambilgisi affine geometry. — uzay affine space, ilginç interesting.
ilginçlik being interesting, interestingness, ilgisiz 1. uninterested, apathetic, indifferent. 2. irrelevant.
ilgisizlik 1. uninterestedness, lack of interest, apathy, indifference. 2. irrelevance, ilhak, -ki 1. law annexation, incorporation (of territory by a state). 2. adding (s.o./s.t.) (to).
    —      etmek /ı, a/ 1. law to annex (territory) (to). 2. to add (s.o./s.t.) (to), ilham inspiration. — almak /dan/ to receive inspiration (from), be inspired (by). — etmek /ı, a/ to inspire (s.o.) (to do s.t.). — ı ilahi obs. divine inspiration. — perisi muse, source of inspiration. — ı rabbani obs. divine inspiration. — vermek /a/ to inspire (s.o.). ilhamlanmak /dan/ to be inspired (by), ilhan ruler of a province, viceroy, ilkhan (used as a title by the Ilkhanids, a Mongol dynasty which ruled over parts of Anatolia, Iran, and Iraq, circa 1258-1335).
İlhanlı 1. (an) Ilkhanid. 2. Ukhanid, pertaining to the Ilkhanids.
!ilik bone marrow, marrow. — lerinde duymak h! colloq. to feel (s.t.) deep within (o.s.), feel (s.t.) within the depths of (one’s) being. —ine/—lerine geçmek /ml colloq., see iliğine/iliklerine işlemek. — gibi colloq. 1. (meat) delicious and done to a turn, toothsome, scrumptious. 2. slang delectable, luscious, toothsome, voluptuous (young woman). —ine/—lerine işlemek hnl colloq. 1. to chill (s.o.) to the marrow, chill (s.o.) to the bone. 2. to wet (s.o.) to the skin, soak (s.o.) to the skin. 3. to affect (s.o.) deeply:
    O  acı söz iliğine işledi. That harsh remark cut him to the quick. 4. to take possession of (s.o.): Hırs iliklerine işledi. Greed has taken possession of him. —ine/—lerine kadar colloq. 1. to the hilt; thoroughly. 2. deeply, deep down, —ine kadar ıslanmak colloq. to be wet to the skin, be soaked to the skin, —ini kemiğini kurutmak Iml colloq., see iliğini kurutmak, —ini kemirmek Iml colloq. 1. (for s.t. unpleasant) to bother (s.o.) greatly, get to (s.o.), give (s.o.) a fit. 2. to exploit, suck (s.o.’s) blood, —ini kurutmak Iml colloq. to drive (s.o.) crazy, drive (s.o.) to distraction, drive (s.o.) up the wall. — i sızlamak colloq. 1. /a/ to be deeply moved (by). 2. to feel a deep, throbbing ache.
2ilik buttonhole; button loop, ilikbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. bitterling, Rhodeus amarus.
iliklemek hi to button, button (s.t.) up. iliklenmek to be buttoned, be buttoned up. ilikli marrowed, marrowy, containing marrow. 2ilikli 1. buttoned, buttoned up. 2. (s.t.) which has buttonholes; (s.t.) which has button loops, ilikmen 1. prov. clay lamp (used as a night -light). 2. archaic candlestick.
iliksel
427
ilk
iliksel anat. myeloid, pertaining to the bone marrow, diksiz marrowless.
2iliksiz 1. (s.t.) which has no buttonholes; (s.t.) which has no button loops. 2. unbuttoned, not buttoned, ilim, -İmi 1. branch of knowledge/study, science: fizik ilmi the science of physics, ilahiyat ilmi the science of theology, tabii ilimler the natural sciences. 2. scientific study of knowledge, study based on a scientific method: Bu neticeye ilim yoluyla vardım. I reached this conclusion by scientific study.
    3.    knowledge: Onun hakkında hiç ilmim yok. I’ve no knowledge of it at all. 4. theoretical knowledge, knowledge based on theory alone. — adamı see bilim adamı, —i ahlak obs. ethics, —ini almak Iml to become good at (a job), master the art of: Piyanoları akort etmenin ilmini almışsın. It looks like you’ve mastered the art of piano tuning. — ve amel obs. theory and practice, iliman prov., see liman, ilimcilik scientism, ilimon prov., see limon, ilinek phil. accident, ilinekli phil., see ilineksel, ilineksel phil. accidental (as opposed to essential/substantial). ilinge math. 1. (a) topology. 2. topology, analysis situs.
ilingebilgisi, -ni (../...) math, topology, analysis situs.
ilingesel math, topological, topologic.
^linmek /a/ 1. to become stuck on, get hung on. 2. prov. to touch. 3. archaic to show interest in; to pay attention to. 4. archaic to concern o.s. with.
2ilinmek prov. to ail, be ill, be sick, be unwell, ilinti 1. relation, connection. 2. prov. basting, tacking. 3. prov. worry, anxietyı — ipliği prov. basting, basting thread. — yapmak prov. to do basting, ilintili /la/ related to, connected with, ilişik 1. enclosure (of a letter). 2. relation, connection. 3. obstacle, impediment, hindrance, hitch. 4. /a/ attached (to); (s.t.) enclosed (with) (a letter). 5. /a/ related to, connected with. — i kalmamak /la/ to have no connection with, not to be connected with;' to have nothing to do with, —ini kesmek /la/ to sever (one’s/s.o. else’s) ties with, sever (one’s/s.o. else’s) relations with; to stop having anything to do with (s.o.). ilişikli 1. /la/ related to, connected with. 2. characterized by obstacles/impediments, ilişiksiz 1. unattached/footloose/free-floating (person). 2. free of obstacles/impediments, ilişilmek /a/ impersonal passive 1. to touch. 2. to handle, meddle with. 3. to sit on the edge of, perch on. 4. to bother, disturb. 5. to touch on, touch upon, mention.
ilişken exasperatingly importunate/pertinacious, ilişki 1. relation, connection; relationship. 2. contact, communication. — kurmak /la/ 1. to establish relations with; to establish a relationship with. 2. to make contact with, ilişkili /la/ 1. related to, connected with. 2. in touch with, in contact with; (s.o.) who has dealings with, ilişkin /a/ 1. related to, connected with. 2. pertaining to, belonging to. ilişkinlik 1. relatedness, connectedness. 2. state of belonging, ilişkisiz /la/ 1. unrelated to, unconnected with.
    2.    out of touch with, not in contact with; (s.o.) who has no dealings with; detached, ilişkisizlik 1. unrelatedness, unconnectedness. 2. being out of touch, not being in contact; disconnection, detachment, ilişmek 1. /a/ to get hung on, catch on, snag on. 2. /a/ to touch, rub against. 3. /a/ to touch (with one’s fingers). 4./a/ to touch, handle, meddle with. 5. /a/ to sit on the edge of, perch on. 6. /a/ to bother, disturb. 7. /a/ to touch on, touch upon, mention. 8. /da/ to wait briefly, stay briefly, iliştirilmek /a/ 1. to be (lightly) attached to, be fastened to (in a makeshift way). 2. to be hung on, be hung to. 3. prov. (for an animal) to be tied to (a post, tree, etc.). iliştirmek /ı, a/ 1. to attach (one thing) (lightly) to (another), fasten (one thing) to (another) (in a makeshift way). 2. to hang (s.t.) on, hang (s.t.) to. 3. prov. to tie (an animal) to (a post, tree;, etc.). ilk, -ki 1. first (in a series/in time): ilk işi his first task, ilk defa the first time. 2. first, for the first time: Onu ilk gördüğünde altmış yaşındaydı. When she first saw him he was sixty years old. 3. the first (in a series/in time): romanlarından ilki the first of his novels. — adım 1. first step. 2. beginning, start, first step. — adımda first; in the beginning, at the outset; to begin with, first off.
    —  ağızda colloq. first; in the beginning, at the outset; to begin with. — bahtım altm tahtım, proverb The first marriage proposal a woman gets is the best of all the proposals she may receive. — çağ hist., see ilkçağ. — dördün astr., see ilkdördün. — durumuna getirmek 111 to undo. — elden 1. (buying s.t.) direct (without using a middleman). 2. (learning s.t.) firsthand. 3. first, at the outset. — evvel see ilk önce. — fırsatta at the first opportunity. — görüşte at first sight.
    —  göz ağrısı colloq. 1. first love, first person/thing with whom/which one falls in love.
    2. firstborn, firstborn child. — hiz mil. muzzle velocity, initial velocity. — insan anthropology primitive man. — kalemde colloq. first; first off, to begin with; in the beginning, at the outset. — mektep see ilkokul. — okul see ilkokul. — öğrenim see ilköğrenim. — öğretim see ilköğretim. — önce first of all,
 ilka
 428
 ille
    first; to begin with; at first, initially, in the beginning, at the outset. — örnek see ilk-örnek. — partide colloq. first; in the beginning, at the outset; to begin with, first off.
    —  peşin colloq. first of all. — sezi see ilk-sezi. — vuran okçudur, proverb The person who is the first to succeed is someone who has expertise in what he’s/she’s doing. — yardım see ilkyardım. — yarı see ilkyari.
    —  zaman geol., see ilkzaman.
ilka (.—) obs. 1. throwing; flinging; dropping.
    2.    launching (a ship). 3. sowing (seed). 4. suggesting, suggestion. 5. impute, imputation, blaming. — etmek 1. /ı/ to throw; to fling; to drop. 2. h! to launch (a ship). 3. hi to sow (seed). 4. Ill to suggest. 5. /i, a/ to impute (s.t.) to (s.o.). ilkah obs. 1. fecundation, fertilization; insemination; pollination. 2. inoculation; vaccination. 3. bot. grafting; budding. — etmek hi
    1.    to fecundate, fertilize; to inseminate; to pollinate. 2. to inoculate; to vaccinate. 3. bot. to graft; to bud. ilkbahar (/..) spring (the season). — noktası/ ılımı the vernal equinox, ilkçağ (/.) hist, antiquity, ancient times (the period following the end of prehistoric times and preceding the beginning of the Middle Ages).
ilkdışkı (/..) meconium (of a fetus), ilkdördün (/..) astr. first quarter (of the moon), ilke 1. principle; (a) fundamental, (an) essential. 2. basic unit: Atomlar, cisimleri oluşturan ilkelerdir. Atoms are the basic units of which material things are composed, ilkel 1. primitive; pertaining to the earliest stage of development; characteristic of an early stage of development: ilkel insan primitive man. ilkel kilise the Primitive Church, ilkel bitkiler primitive plants. 2. primitive, crude, rudimentary; old-fashioned and inconvenient: Dinlenme tesisleri oldukça ilkel. Their recreational facilities are rather primitive. 3. uncouth, crude, coarse, unrefined. 4. primitive, preliterate: ilkel bir . toplum a primitive society. 5. primitive, naive, unsophisticated, simple: Tabloları ilkel bir niteliğe sahip. His paintings have a primitive quality about them. 6. (a) primitive (a European, especially an Italian, painter who worked prior to the Renaissance), ilkelci 1. (a) primitivist (a conscious imitator of primitive art). 2. (a) primitivist (a believer in the superiority of a way of life close to nature). 3. primitivist, pertaining to primitivism in art/thought, ilkelcilik primitivism (in art/thought), ilkeleşmek to take on the character of a principle; to become a principle, turn into a principle.
ilkeleştirmek III to make (s.t.) a principle, turn (s.t.) into a principle, ilkelleşmek 1. to acquire a primitive character;
   to become primitive. 2. to become uncouth, get to be crude, ilkelleştirmek hi 1. to cause (s.t.) to become primitive. 2. to cause (an artist) to adopt a primitive style. 3. to cause (s.o.) to become uncouth/crude, ilkellik 1. primitiveness. 2. uncouthness, crudeness, coarseness; crudity, ilkelmemeliler (./....) zool. Prototheria. ilkin (/.) first; first off, to begin with; at first, in the beginning, at the outset, ilkkânun (/—.) obs. December, ilklik firstness.
ilkokul (/..) formerly elementary school, primary school (comprising the first five grades).
ilkomur (/..) anat. atlas (a bone), ilköğrenim (/...) see ilköğretim, ilköğretim (/...) elementary education. — okulu elementary school (comprising the first eight grades), ilkönce (/..) see ilk önce, ilkörnek (/..) prototype; archetype, ilksezi (/..) initial perception, ilksiz eternal, (s.t.) which has always existed, (s.t.) which has no beginning, ilksizlik eternity (which has no beginning), ilkteşrin (/..) obs. October, ilkyardım (/..) 1. first aid. 2. first-aid station.
   —      çantası first-aid kit. ilkyari (/..) first half (of a sports event), ilkyaz (/.) spring (the season). — noktası/ılımı the vernal equinox, ilkzaman (/..) geol. the Precambrian era, the Precambrian. ilia (/ —) see ille. - ki see ille. — meğer archaic unless, illaki (/—.) see ille.
illallah (/..) colloq. I’m fed up!/I’ve had enough!; /dan/ I’m fed up with (s.o./s.t.)!/ I’m sick and tired of (s.o./s.t.)! — demek/ etmek /dan/ to be fed up (with), have had enough (of). — i ve Resulihi! I’m fed up to the teeth!/I’m fed up to the gills! ille (/.) 1. no matter what, come what may, at all costs, regardless: İlle bizimle gelecekti. She was going to come with us no matter what. 2. especially, in particular; above all: Hepsini tebrik etti, ille Ulviye. He congratulated them all, Ulviye in particular. İlle o şiiri sevdim. I liked that poem above all. Gözleri! İlle gözleri! Her eyes! Above all else, her eyes! 3. otherwise, or else: Bana bunu yaparsın, ille sana o işi yapmam. You do this for me, or else I won’t do that job for you. 4. excepting, except, save, other than, but: Bunu kimse yapamaz, ille İlker. No one but İlker can do this. Kimse bilmez, ille Allah bilir. No one but God knows this.
   5.  but, yet: Yorgundular, ille vuruşmaya devam ettiler. They were tired but they continued to fight. — ve lakin colloq. nevertheless, yet.
illegal                                                    429
illegal, -li (/..) illegal, illejitim (/...) illegitimate, illet, -ti 1. chronic disease; chronic illness. 2. colloq. passion, mania, addiction: Bu caz çalma illetini nerede edindin? Where’d you get this passion for playing jazz? 3. colloq. problem, bug (in a machine): Bu televizyonun illeti ne? What’s wrong with this television? 4. bodily defect (such as the loss of a limb). 5. obs., phil., law cause. 6. colloq. pain in the neck, a real pain (said of a very annoying person/thing). 7. colloq. (s.o./s.t.) who/which is a real pain. 8. Arabic gram, weakness, defectiveness (of a letter/ a word). — etmek hi colloq. to give (s.o.) a pain in the neck, give (s.o.) the pip, annoy (s.o.) greatly. — harfleri Arabic gram, weak letters, weak radicals. — olmak /a/ colloq. to find (s.o.) a pain in the neck, illetli 1. (s.o.) who has a chronic disease/illness; diseased. 2. (s.o.) who has a bodily defect.
    3.     colloq. (s.t.) which has a bug in it, which is always breaking down, which does not work well. 4. obs., phil., law (s.t.) which has a cause. 5. Arabic gram, (word) which contains a weak letter, illetsiz 1. (s.o.) who does not have a chronic disease/illness; undiseased. 2. (s.o.) who has no bodily defect. 3. obs., phil., law (s.t.) which has no cause, causeless. 4. colloq. (s.t.) which has no bugs in it, which works well.
    —      iktisap obs., law unjust enrichment, illetsizlik 1. not having a chronic disease/illness; not being diseased. 2. freedom from bodily defects. 3. obs., phil., law causelessness. 4. obs., law unjust enrichment, illi (.—) obs., phil. causal, illiyet, -ti obs., phil., law causality. — rabıtası law the relation between cause and effect, causality.
illiyin (..—) Islam the highest of the eight paradises mentioned in the Koran, illiyun (..—) obs., Islam, see illiyin. illojik illogical.
illüminasyon 1. phys. illumination, illuminance.
    2. illumination, lighting.
illüstrasyon 1. illustrating, illustration (with pictures, diagrams, etc.). 2. (an) illustration.
    3. illustrations. 4. ink used for printing illustrations.
illüzyon illusion.
                                                                  illüzyonist, -ti 1. illusionist, conjurer. 2. art (an) illusionist. 3. of an illusionist, characteristic of a conjurer. 4. art illusionistic. illüzyonizm 1. illusionism, sleight of hand, con-jury. 2. art illusionism. ilme 1. tying (one thing) loosely to (another).
    2. basting (one piece of cloth) to (another).
    3. basting stitch. 4. loop. 5. knot (in the fabric of a carpet). 6. knotting (strands of wool) (while weaving a rug). 7. touching; hitting; landing on (s.o./s.t.).
^lmek see ilmik.
                                                                                                       iltifat
2ilmek 1. /ı, a/ to tie (one thing) loosely to (another). 2. /i, a/ to baste (one piece of cloth) to (another). 3. Ill to knot (strands of wool), tie (strands of wool) into a knot (while weaving a rug). 4. /a/ to touch; to hit; to land on: Kafasına ilen taş, yumurta büyüklüğün-deydi. The stone which hit his head was the size of an egg. iler tutar yeri/tarafı olmamak/kalmamak /in/ colloq. 1. (for s.t.) to be completely beyond repair, be shot: Bu gömleğin iler tutar yeri yok. This shirt’s completely beyond repair. 2. (for an action/ an idea/a statement) to be completely indefensible; (for a statement) not to be true, not to hold water. 3. (for s.o.) not to be fit for anything, be completely incompetent, be hopeless. 4. (for s.o.) to be incorrigible, be past helping, be a hopeless case. 5. (for s.o.) to be incurably ill, be a hopeless case, ilmeklemek see ilmiklemek, ilmeklenmek see ilmiklenmek, ilmekli see ilmikli, ilmelemek prov., see ilmiklemek, ilmen (/.) in a scholarly way, scientifically, ilmi (.—) scholarly, scientific, ilmihal, -li book explaining the principles of Islam.
                                                            ilmik 1. loop; loop knot; noose; slip noose; slipknot. 2. epicycle (in Ptolemaic astronomy).
    —  atmak 1. to make a loop, tie a loop. 2. to tie a knot, make a knot (while weaving a
   rug)-
 ilmiklemek 1. hi to tie (s.t.) into a loop/a noose. 2. /i, a/ to tie (one thing) loosely to (another). 3. h! to knot (strands of wool), tie (strands of wool) into a knot (while weaving a rug).
 ilmiklenmek 1. to be tied into a loop/a noose. 2. /a/ (for one thing) to be tied loosely to (another). 3. (for strands of wool) to be tied into a knot (while weaving a rug), ilmikli 1. looped, having loops. 2. /a/ loosely tied (to). — düğüm loop knot; slipknot; slip noose.
 ilmiye Ott. hist, the ulama (considered as a class).
ilmühaber (/...) 1. official certificate. 2. receipt, certificate of receipt, ilmülarz obs. geology, ilmünnefs obs. psychology, iltibas obs. confusion, (one thing’s) becoming confused with (another); ambiguity, —a mahal kalmamak için in order to prevent confusion; in order to prevent ambiguity, —a yol açmak to lead to confusion; to lead to ambiguity.
                                                            iltica (..—) seeking refuge in/with; taking refuge in/with. — etmek /a/ to take refuge in/with.
    —  hakkı law right of asylum.
                                                            ilticagâh (..— .) obs. place of refuge, refuge;
   sanctuary, asylum, ilticageh (..— .) obs., see ilticagâh. iltifat, -tı 1. treating (s.o.) with friendliness. 2.
 iltifatçı
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ima
    colloq. compliment, remark intended to praise/please. 3. popular approval. 4. obs. turning one’s face towards, looking at. 5. lit. apostrophe, addressing a thing or an absent person for rhetorical purposes. — etmek /a/
    1. to treat (s.o.) in a friendly way, be nice to (s.o.). 2. colloq. to compliment (s.o.). 3. to want, like, care for (s.t.); to be interested in (s.t.): Bu sene kadınlar kürklü mantolara iltifat etmiyorlar. This year women aren’t interested in fur coats. Ferda felsefeye iltifat etmedi. Ferda didn’t concern himself with philosophy. 4. obs. to turn one’s face towards. 5. lit. to apostrophize.
iltifatçı kind, friendly, iltifatkâr see iltifatçı.
iltifatkârane (....—.) 1. kind, friendly (action).
    2.    kindly, in a friendly way. iltifatlı kind, friendly (action).
iltihabi (..-----) path. 1. pertaining to inflam-
    mation, inflammatory. 2. inflamed, iltihak, -ki 1. joining, becoming a part of; accession, political union. 2. law accession, (one nation’s) becoming a party to an engagement which is in force between other powers. — etmek /a/ 1. to join, become a part of. 2. law to accede to, become a party to.
iltihap path, inflammation, iltihaplanma path, inflammation, becoming inflamed.
iltihaplanmak path, to become inflamed, become angry, iltihaplı path. 1. inflamed, angry. 2. inflammatory, characterized by inflammation, iltima (..—) obs. shining; flashing, flash; sparkling, sparkle. — etmek to shine; to flash; to sparkle, iltimas preferential treatment; favoritism, favoring (s.o.) unduly. — etmek/geçmek /a/ to accord (s.o.) preferential treatment, show partiality towards; to play favorites, favor unduly.
iltimasçı 1. person who gives some people preferential treatment; person who plays favorites. 2. (s.o.) who gives some people preferential treatment; (s.o.) who plays favorites.
iltimaslı 1. (s.o.) who is the recipient of preferential treatment; (s.o.) who is unduly favored. 2. recipient of preferential treatment; (a) favorite, fair-haired boy/girl, Brit, blue -eyed boy/girl, iltisak (..-—) obs. 1. junction, joining, meeting; adhesion; cohesion. 2. med. union (of fractured bones). 3. path, abnormal adhesion (of two organs). 4. contiguity. — etmek /a/ 1. (for one thing) to join, meet (another). 2. med. (for one part of a fractured bone) to unite with (the other). 3. path, (for one organ) to adhere to (another). 4. (for one thing) to be contiguous to/with (another). — noktası junction, place/point of union. — rayı junc-
    tion rail.
iltisaki (..------) obs. 1. junctional; adhesional,
    adhesive; cohesive. 2. path, adhesional, adhesive. 3. ling, agglutinative. — diller ling. agglutinative languages, iltisaklı /a/ obs. 1. joined to; adhering to; united with. 2. contiguous to/with, iltiva (..*—) obs. 1. curvature, curving; curve; bending; bend; coiling; coil; meandering; meander. 2. twining, twisting. 3. wrinkling; wrinkle; waving; waviness, undulation; wave, billow. 4. geol. folding; fold. 5. torsion, iltiyam (..—) obs. healing (of a wound). — bulmak (for a wound) to heal, iltizam 1. obs. favoring, supporting. 2. obs. deeming (s.t.) necessary. 3. obs. causing, bringing about. 4. hist, farming (taxes or other public revenues). — etmek III 1. obs. to favor, support. 2. obs. to deem (s.t.) necessary. 3. obs. to cause, bring about. 4. hist. to farm, collect (taxes or other public revenues) (after having purchased the right to do so). — ettirmek /ı, a/ 1. obs. to cause (s.o.) to favor/support. 2. obs. to cause (s.o.) to deem (s.t.) necessary. 3. hist, to farm (taxes or other public revenues) to (s.o.). —a vermek hi hist, to farm, farm out (taxes or other public revenues), allow someone to collect the taxes or revenues appertaining to (s.t.) in return for a fixed payment, iltizamcı hist. 1. farmer, person who has purchased the right to collect the taxes or revenues appertaining to something. 2. (s.o.) who is a farmer of taxes or other public revenues.
iltizami (..------) obs. 1. deliberate, intentional.
   2. deliberately, intentionally, ilüvyon geol. illuvium. ilüvyonlanma geol. illuviation. ilüvyonlanmak geol. to illuviate, undergo illuviation.
İlyada (./.) the Iliad.
ilye obs., anat. buttock (of a person); rump (of an animal).
ilzam (.—) 1. obs. silencing (s.o.) (with an irrefutable reply); vanquishing (s.o.) (in a debate). 2. hist, farming (taxes or other public revenues), allowing (s.o.) to collect the taxes or revenues appertaining to (s.t.) in return for a fixed payment. — etmek 1. hi obs. to silence (s.o.) (with an irrefutable reply); to vanquish (s.o.) (in a debate). 2. h, a/ hist, to farm (taxes or other public revenues) to (s.o.).
im 1. sign; mark: artı imi plus sign, noktalama imleri punctuation marks. 2. signal. 3. symbol. 4.formerly password. — i timi yok. colloq. There’s no trace of it/him/her to be found.
ima (— —) 1. hinting, implying, suggesting; alluding to; intimating; insinuating. 2. hint, (an) implication, (a) suggestion; (an) allusion; (an) intimation; (an) insinuation. — etmek hi to hint, hint at, imply, suggest; to allude
imaj
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2iman
   to; to intimate; to insinuate, imaj 1. image , picture (as a photograph/a picture transmitted by television). 2. frame, picture (of a length of motion-picture film, microfilm, etc.). 3. optics image. 4. image, imagined thing; mental picture; fiction, imaginary construct, (a) fancy. 5. image (in a poem), imajinasyon imagination, the ability to imagine, imal, -li (—.) 1. making, manufacturing, manufacture. 2. (a) product, (a) manufacture. 3. using, use. — etmek hi to make, manufacture. —i nüfuz etmek /üzerinde/ obs. to exert influence on (s.o.). imalat, -ti (— —.) 1. products, manufactures. 2. making, manufacturing, manufacture, —in durdurulması shutdown. — gideri manufacturing cost/expense.
imalatçı (------..) 1. manufacturer. 2. (s.o.) who
   is a manufacturer. 3. manufacturing (plant/ place).
imalathane (— —.—.) workshop, factory (where finished products are made), imale (.—.) 1. obs. inclining (s.o.) to; causing (s.o.) to view (s.t.) with favor. 2. Ott. poet. making (a short vowel) long (in order to make it fit the meter of-a poem). — etmek /ı, a/ obs. to incline (s.o.) to; to cause (s.o.) to view (s.t.) with favor.
imalı (-----.) veiled, oblique, allusive (remark);
   significant, meaningful (look/gesture). — imalı meaningfully, imaliye (.— ..) obs. fee charged for the labor required to manufacture something, labor cost.
imam 1. imam, prayer leader. 2. imam, one of the twelve divinely inspired leaders of the Shi’a. 3. imam, a leader regarded as a successor to the Twelve Imams: Imam Humey-ni. 4. imam, a founder of one of the orthodox schools of Islamic law: İmam Şafii. 5. imam, a respected Islamic theological sage: İmam Gazali. 6. Imam (a title of the caliph). İ—i Azam Abu Hanifah (founder of the Hanafi school of Islamic theology). — m dört çiftesine binmek slang, see imamm kayığına binmek. — evi colloq., see imam-evi. — evinden aş, ölü gözünden yaş çıkmaz, proverb (No food is likely to come out of an imam’s house and no tears from a corpse.) It’s useless to look for things where they can’t possibly be found. — feneri lantern (lit by a candle, once much used by imams). — hatip okulu high school for the training of Islamic religious personnel. — / —in kayığı slang coffin. — m kayığına binmek slang to die, kick the bucket. — kırkı colloq. the forty days of severe winter weather beginning December 21. — nikâhı wedding performed by an imam. — osurursa, cemaat sıçar, proverb (If the imam *farts, the congregation will *shit.) If a leader makes a small mistake, his followers will then make big mistakes. — suyu slang raki.
    —a varmak colloq. to get married. — yeri colloq. mihrab. imambayıldı stuffed eggplant cooked in olive oil.
imame (.—.) 1. large bead through which the two ends of a string of prayer beads are passed and then tied to a tassel. 2. tube which forms the actual mouthpiece of a hookah or cigarette holder, imamet, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. imamate, office/rank of an imam. 2. being an imam. 3. imamate, geographical area ruled by an imam. — etmek /a/ to be an imam for (a congregation).
    —i kübra the greater imamate (i.e. the caliphate). — i sugra the lesser imamate (i.e. the office/rank held by an ordinary imam), imamevi, -ni (./..) colloq. prison for women, imami (.— —) 1. (a) Twelver Shi’ite, (a) Twelver, (an) Imami. 2. of the Twelvers, pertaining to the Twelvers, Twelver, Imami. imamiye (. — ..) the Twelver Shi’ites, the Twelvers, the Imamis (as a group), imamlık 1. imamate, office/rank of an imam. 2. being an imam.
imamülenbiya (.—) the Imam of the Prophets
    (a title of the Prophet Muhammad).
imamülmüslimin (.—) the Imam of the
    Muslims (a title of the caliph).
4man (—.) 1. religious belief, religious faith: Belma imanı bütün bir kişidir. Belma is someone who has a firm faith. 2. belief in Islam. 3. /a/ believing in (s.o./s.t.); belief, —i bütün 1. (s.o.) whose religious faith is strong. 2. true believer, person whose religious faith is strong, —dan çıkarmak /ı/ colloq. to raise (s.o.’s) hackles, get (s.o.’s) back up, enrage. — etmek 1. to come to believe in Islam, become a Muslim. 2. /a/ to believe in (s.o./s.t.). —a gelmek 1. to become a Muslim. 2. colloq. to see reason, come round, concede. 3. colloq. to speak the truth. — getirmek to come to believe in Islam, —a getirmek l\l 1. to cause (s.o.) to become a Muslim, convert (s.o.) to Islam. 2. colloq. to cause (s.o.) to see reason, cause (s.o.) to come round, cause (s.o.) to concede. 3. colloq. to cause (s.o.) to speak the truth. — sahibi 1. (s.o.) whose religious faith is strong. 2. true believer, person whose religious faith is strong. — tahtası colloq. breastbone (of a person).
2iman (./) used in: İ—ım! slang Hey man! (friendly greeting). —i ağlamak colloq., see imanı gevremek. — ma etmek /m/ slang (for s.t.) to be the last straw, cause (s.o.) to lose his/her patience. — ı gevremek colloq.
   1. to work very hard, knock o.s. out, exhaust
   o.s. 2. to be very tired, be beat, be bushed.
   —ma kadar colloq. 1. (filling s.t.) to the brim, to overflowing, chock-full. 2. (full) to the brim, to overflowing. — ma tak demek Iml colloq. (for s.t.) to be the last straw, cause (s.o.) to lose his/her patience. — ma
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432
imparator
   yandığım colloq. damned. — ı yok! colloq.
   1. He’s/She’s got a heart of stone. 2. He’s a bastard ./He’s a son of a bitch ./She’s a bitch.
imaniye (— — ..) obs., phil. fideism.
imaniyeci (-------...) obs., phil. 1. (a) fideist. 2.
   fideistic.
imanlı (—..) 1. (s.o.) who has religious faith, believing. 2. person who has religious faith, believer. 3. compassionate (person). 4. (s.o.) who is fully committed (to a cause or a course of action). 5. person who is fully committed (to a cause or a course of action), imansız (—..) 1. (s.o.) who has no religious faith, unbelieving. 2. person who has no religious faith, unbeliever. 3. hardhearted, compassionless. — ayran colloq. ayran made from skim milk. — gitmek to die an unbeliever. — peynir colloq. cheese made from skim milk, skim cheese. — süt colloq. skim/skimmed milk. — yoğurt colloq. yogurt made from skim milk, imansızlık (—.,.) 1. lack of religious faith, unbelief. 2. hardheartedness, lack of compassion.
imar (—.) 1. development, improvement (of a place). 2. causing (a place) to flourish. — etmek /ı/ 1. to develop, improve (a place).
   2. to cause (a place) to flourish. — planı development plan, plan for the development (of an area). I— ve İskân Bakanı the Minister of Public Works and Housing. İ— ve İskân Bakanlığı the Ministry of Public Works and Housing.
imarat, -ti (-----.) obs. development, improve-
   ments; public works, imarci (—..) 1. person engaged in public works.
   2.     (s.o.) engaged in public works, imaret, -ti (.—.) 1. Ott. hist, soup kitchen, place which served free food to the poor, and others, such as madrasah students. 2. development, improvement (of a place). 3. causing (a place) to flourish. — yapılmadan dilenciler/körler dizildi (kapıyı aldı), colloq. Even though the thing is only in the planning stage, some people are already planning how they’ll benefit from it. imaretçi (.—..) Ott. hist, person in charge of a soup kitchen, imarethane (.— .—.) Ott. hist, soup kitchen, place which served free food to the poor and others, such as madrasah students, imbat, -ti sea breeze (which blows on the Aegean coast during the day in summer), imbik still (apparatus used in distillation); retort; alembic, —ten çekmek /i/ to distill; to alembicate. —ten süzülmek to be distilled; to be alembicated, imbilim (/..) semiology, semeiology, semiotics, imbilimi, -ni (/...) see imbilim. imdat help, aid, assistance. İ—! Help! — etmek /a/ to come to the rescue (of). — freni emergency brake (in a railroad passenger car). — istemek 1. to call for help. 2. to send an
   SOS. — işareti distress signal; SOS. —a yetişmek to come to someone’s rescue, imdi (/.) 1. in that case; for that reason; therefore, so. 2. now, so (used for emphasis). imece collective labor, working collectively (as opposed to individually). — günü bulutlu, görmeyene ne mutlu, proverb (If the day when we plan to work together is overcast, we’ll be thankful for those who don’t notice the clouds.) It’s good to have faithful friends who don’t mind putting themselves out for you. — ile (work done) as a community effort.
imek auxiliary verb to be. imge image, imagined thing; mental picture; fiction, imaginary construct, (a) fancy, imgeci lit. 1. (an) imagist. 2. imagistic, imagist, pertaining to imagism. imgecilik lit. imagism. imgelem imagination, the ability to imagine, imgeleme imagining, imagination, imgelemek /i/ to imagine, imgeleştirmek /ı/ to image, imagine, imgesel imaginary; fictive, fanciful, imha (.—) destruction, causing (s.o./s.t.) to cease to exist; annihilation. — ateşi mil. annihilation fire, counterpreparation. — etmek hi to destroy, cause (s.o./s.t.) to cease to exist; to annihilate, imik prov. throat, —ine sarılmak /m/ to pressure (s.o.), twist (s.o.’s) arm. imiş 1. is said to be, is allegedly. 2. was said to be, is said to have been, was allegedly, imitasyon 1. imitation, imitating. 2. imitation, copy. 3. imitation, artificial, synthetic: imitasyon deri imitation leather, imitator imitator.
                                                         imkân 1. possibility. 2. opportunity, chance. 3. phil. contingency. — dahilinde 1. possible.
   2. as far as possible. — vermek /a/ to give (s.o.) a chance, make something possible (for), —/—i yok! colloq. It’s out of the question !/It’s impossible!/Impossible!/No way!
imkânsız impossible, not possible, imkânsızlaşmak (for s.t.) to become an impossibility, imkânsızlık impossibility, imla (.—) 1. spelling; orthography. 2. dictation.
   3. filling up. —sı bozuk 1. (s.o.) who is bad at spelling. 2. (s.t.) that contains spelling errors. — etmek hi 1. to dictate. 2. to fill, fill up. — ya gelmemek colloq. (for s.t.) to be incorrigible/unsalvable/irremediable. — yanlışı spelling error/mistake.
imlaci (.—.) orthographist.
imleç 1. recording meter. 2. comp, cursor.
imlemek hi 1. to indicate. 2. to imply, hint at.
immoral immoral.
immoralite immorality.
immoralizm immoralism.
immünite med. immunity.
immünoloji immunology.
imparator emperor.
imparatoriçe
imparatoriçe (....'.) empress.
imparatoriçelik (....'..) 1. the rank of empress.
    2. the office of empress. 3. the reign of an empress. 4. being an empress, imparatorluk 1. empire. 2. emperorship, the rank of emperor. 3. emperorship, the office of emperor. 4. emperorship, the reign of an emperor. 5. being an emperor, imparatorotu, -nu (.../..) bot. masterwort, Im-peratoria ostruthium. import, -tu importation, impresario (../..) impresario, imren desire, envy.
imrence object of admiration, object of envy (which is unmixed with malice), imrendirmek /ı, a/ to arouse (s.o.’s) appetite/ desire (for), imrenilmek to be desired/coveted/envied, imrenme longing, coveting, desiring, wanting, imrenmek /a/ 1. to long for, feel an appetite for. 2. to desire (s.t. unobtainable), imrenti desire, envy.
                            İmroz (/.) İmroz, Imbros (island near the mouth of the Dardanelles), imsak, -ki 1. fasting, abstinence. 2. Islam the time when the day’s fast begins during Ramazan. — vakti Islam the time when the day’s fast begins during Ramazan, imsakiye (.— ..) Islam timetable showing when the fast begins for each day of Ramazan, imsel symbolic. — mantık symbolic logic, mathematical logic, imtihan 1. examination, exam, test. 2. test, trial, putting (s.o.) to the test. — atışı mil. trial shot; trial firing, —a çekmek /i/ to test (s.o.’s) knowledge, put (s.o.) to the test. — etmek hi to test, give (s.o.) an examination.
   —  olmak to take a test, have an exam, —a sokmak hi to have (s.o.) take a test. — vermek (for s.o.) to acquit (himself/herself) well, give a good account of (himself/herself). —i vermek to pass, get a passing grade (on a test).
                            imtina, -ai (..—) obs. 1. avoidance; abstention; refraining; forbearing, forbearance; shirking.
   2. impossibility. — etmek /dan/ to avoid; to abstain from; to refrain from; to forbear; to shirk.
imtiyaz 1. privilege, prerogative. 2. (an) exclusive right, concession, franchise. 3. being different, being marked, being distinguished (owing to one’s superiority). 4. autonomy.
   —  beratı certificate conferring a privilege/a right, patent. — hakkı prerogative. — sahibi
   1. holder of a privilege. 2. concessionaire, concessionary, concessioner, franchiser. 3. publisher (of a newspaper/a magazine). — ve dokunulmazlıklar privileges and immunities.
imtiyazlı 1. privileged. 2. (s.o.) who is the holder of a privilege/a concession; (company) which holds a concession. 3. (activity) which can be carried out only by someone who is
433                                          inadına
         its concessionary. 4. autonomous. — alacaklı fin. preferential creditor, preferred creditor.
         —     banka chartered bank. — hisse fin. preferred share of stock, Brit, preference share of stock. — hisse senedi fin. preferential share certificate. — ortaklık chartered company. — tahvil fin. preferred bond, Brit. preference bond, imtiyazsız having no special privileges, imtizaç 1. compatibility, harmony. 2. being combined, combination; mixing, blending. 3. mix, blend, combination. — etmek /la/ 1. to get along with, be compatible with. 2. to be combined with; to be mixed with, be blended with. 3. to harmonize with, blend with. 4. to adapt to.
      imtizaçsız uncongenial, incompatible, imtizaçsızlık incompatibility, imyazar (/..) stenographer, imyazim (/..) stenography, imyazımcı (/...) stenographer, imza (.—) 1. signature, person’s name written with his/her own hand; autograph. 2. writer, author. 3. signing: Şirketin çeklerini imza yetkisi var. She has the authority to sign the company’s checks. — atmak /a/ to sign.
         —yi basmak/çakmak /a/ colloq. to sign, put one’s John Henry on. — etmek hi to sign. —/—smı koymak /a/ to sign, put one’s signature on. — örneği specimen signature. — sahibi 1. signer; (a) signatory. 2. byliner, journalist whose articles appear under a byline. — toplamak to collect signatures.
      imzalamak (.— ..) Ill to sign; to autograph; to endorse (a check), imzalanmak (.—..) to be signed; to be autographed; (for a check) to be endorsed, imzalatmak (.—..) /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) sign (s.t.); to get (s.o.) to sign (s.t.); to have (s.o.) autograph (s.t.); to have (s.o.) endorse (a check); to get (s.o.) to endorse (a check), imzalı (.—.) signed; autographed; endorsed (check).
      imzasız (.—.) unsigned; (s.t.) which bears no autograph; unendorsed (check). vm lair (of a wild animal), den; burrow, earth;
         set; cave. — gibi dark and narrow (place). 2in (used with cin and a negative verb) no one whatsoever, not a soul: İn cin gözükmüyordu. Not a soul was to be seen. — cin top oynamak /da/ colloq. (for a place) to be completely deserted: Sokakta in cin top oynuyordu. The street was completely deserted. — misin, cin misin? Are you a person or are you a jinni? {phrase often used in Turkish fairy tales). inadına (/—..) 1. out of sheer spite, out of sheer obstinacy, just to be contrary, just to spite (s.o.): Bunu inadına yaptm değil mi? You did this just to spite me, didn’t you? 2. for some confounded reason, by an irony of fate:
         O gün inadına yağmur yağdı. That day, for
inak
 434
ince
    some confounded reason, it rained, inak 1. phil. dogma. 2. trusted confidant. 3.
    trustworthy person, inakçı 1. (a) dogmatist. 2. dogmatic (person), inakçılık dogmatism, inaksal dogmatic, doctrinal, inal trusted confidant.
inan 1. faith, belief. 2. belief, something believed. (...) — olmaz, /a/ colloq. You can’t have any faith in (s.o./s.t.): Hilal’in laflarına inan olmaz. You can’t have any faith in what Hilal says. — olsun .... colloq. Believe me, ...: İnan olsun, oradaydı. Believe me, she was there, inanca 1. security, pledge, earnest guaranty, something given/possessed as a guarantee.
    2.    pledge, promise, word, inancı phil. 1. (a) fideist. 2. fideistic. inancılık phil. fideism.
inanç 1. belief. 2. something believed, belief.
    3. confidence, trust, faith. — ı kötüye kullanma law embezzlement, misappropriation; breach of trust.
inançlı 1. believer. 2. (s.o.) who is a believer, believing.
inançsız 1. unbeliever. 2. (s.o.) who is an unbeliever, unbelieving, inançsızlık unbelief.
inandırıcı persuasive, suasive (words/action/per-son); convincing, compelling (words/action), inandırıcılık persuasiveness, suasiveness. inandırılmak /a/ to be convinced that (s.t.) is true.
inandinm psych, suggestion, inandırmak /i, a/ to convince (s.o.) that (s.t.) is true, convince (s.o.) of (s.t.), get (s.o.) to believe (s.t.), cause (s.o.) to believe (s.t.); to make (s.o.) believe (s.t.). inanılır 1. believable. 2. credible. 3. trustworthy, reliable (person), inanılmak /a/ impersonal passive to believe (s.o./s.t.).
inanılmaz 1. not believable. 2. inconceivable, unimaginable, incredible, inanış belief (in s.o ./s.t.). inanlı 1. believer. 2. (s.o.) who is a believer, believing.
inanmak /a/ 1. to believe (s.t.); to believe what (s.o.) says, believe (s.o.). 2. to trust, have faith in, believe in (s.o./God), 3. to believe in the existence of, believe in (God/spirits).
    4. to believe in (the benefit, the efficacy, or the rightness of s.t.): Demokrasiye inanıyor. She believes in democracy.
inanmamak /a/ 1. to disbelieve. 2. not to believe in. İnanma dostuna, saman doldurur postuna, proverb, see Güvenme dostuna, saman doldurur postuna. * inanmazlık /a/ lack of faith in, lack of confidence in.
inansız 1. unbeliever. 2. (s.o.) who is an unbeliever, unbelieving, inansızlık unbelief.
inas (.—) obs. females; women; girls. — mektebi girl’s school, school for girls.
inat 1. obstinacy, stubbornness; doggedness; pertinacity; mulishness; pigheadedness. 2. /a/ just to spite, just to defy (s.o.): Fuat’a inat ben oraya gitmem. Just to defy Fuat I shan’t go there. 3. colloq. obstinate, stubborn; dogged; pertinacious; mulish; pigheaded, —i bırakmak colloq. to stop being stubborn.
   —   etmek to be obstinate, be stubborn; to show doggedness; to show pertinacity; to be mulish; to be pigheaded. — ı inat colloq. extremely obstinate, very stubborn. — ım inat, adım Kel/Hacı Murat, colloq. He is/was as stubborn as a mule, —mı kırmak Iml colloq. to overcome (s.o.’s) stubbornness. — olsun diye /a/ colloq. just to spite, just to defy (s.o.). —i tutmak colloq. to show one’s stubbornness, (for s.o.’s) stubbornness to come out.
inatçı obstinate, stubborn; dogged; pertinacious; mulish; pigheaded.
inatçılık obstinady, stubbornness; doggedness; pertinacity; mulishness; pigheadedness. — etmek to act stubbornly.
inatlaşmak 1. (for two or more people/animals) to become obstinate, get stubborn. 2. (for one person/animal) to become obstinate, get stubborn.
inayet, -ti (.—.) 1. obs. kindness, benevolence. 2. the grace of God. — te bulunmak obs. to do a favor. — etmek /a/ obs. 1. to do a -favor (to). 2. to be gracious (to). 3. to give one’s kind attention (to). — ola! May God help you! (said to a beggar when refusing to give him/her anything).
inayetli (.— ..) obs. kind, gracious (person).
ince 1. slender, slim. 2. fine, in small pieces, small. 3. delicate, intricate. 4. refined, subtle, graceful. 5. sensitive, delicate. 6. high -pitched (voice). 1. phon. front (vowel). 8. dainty. — çalımlı colloq. charming, gracious.
   —   donanma hist, fleet of light ships. — eğirip sık dokumak colloq., see ince eleyip sık dokumak. — elemek /ı/ to pass through a fine sieve. — eleyip sık dokumak colloq. to work meticulously, do a very thorough job.
   —   görüşlü colloq. quick, keen, sharp-witted.
   —   ince subtly; imperceptibly, —den inceye colloq. meticulously, in great detail. — iş 1. delicate piece of workmanship. 2. work which demands both skill and delicacy. 3. delicate task, job which requires careful handling, job which requires finesse. — kesim colloq. thin and slightly built (person).
   —   marangoz maker of fancy cabinets. — marangozluk 1. making fancy cabinets, fancy cabinetry. 2. fancy cabinetwork, fancy cabinetry. — saz (— saz takımı) Turk, mus., see incesaz. — ses high-pitched voice. — tutkal thin glue. — ünlü phon. front vowel.
   —   yapılı colloq. slightly built (person). — zar anat., see incezar. — zevkli colloq. (s.o.)
inceağrı
   whose tastes reflect great discrimination, whose tastes are refined, inceağrı (./..) prov., path. 1. tuberculosis, TB.
   2. pulmonary tuberculosis, consumption, incebağırsak (./...) anat. small intestine. — askısı anat. mesentery. — yangısı path, enteritis.
incecik (/..) very slender; very thin, incehastalik (./...) prov., path, pulmonary tuberculosis, consumption, inceleme 1. careful study, studying, research; scrutiny, examination, inspection; investigation. 2. (a written) study, paper, published results of scrutiny/investigation, incelemeci 1. person who is making a study, researcher. 2. (s.o.) who is making a study, incelemek l\l to study (s.o./s.t.) carefully, research; to scrutinize, examine, inspect; to investigate.
                             incelenmek to be studied carefully, be researched; to be scrutinized, be examined, be inspected; to be investigated, inceletmek /ı, a/ to have/make/let (s.o.) study (s.o./s.t.) carefully, have (s.o.) research (s.t.); to have/make/let (s.o.) scrutinize (s.o./s.t.); to have/make/let (s.o.) investigate (s.t.). inceleyici 1. person who is making a study, researcher. 2. (s.o.) who is making a study. 3. searching, scrutinizing (glance/look): inceleyici bir bakış a searching look, incelik 1. slenderness, slimness, thinness. 2. fineness, delicacy (of workmanship). 3. tact, delicacy, finesse. 4. subtlety, fine point. 5. detail.
incelikli refined, well-bred, incelmek 1. to become thin. 2. (for paint) to be thinned. 3. colloq. to try to appear refined.
   4.     to reduce, lose weight, inceltici 1. paint thinner, thinner. 2. (substance) which can be used as a paint thinner; /i/ (s.t.) which will thin (paint), inceltmek hi 1. to make (s.t.) thin. 2. to thin (paint).
incerek prov. 1. somewhat slender/thin. 2.
   rather delicate, incesaz (./.) Turk. mus. small group of musicians playing only stringed instruments and tambourines, inceyağ (./.) 1. heating oil. 2. lubricating oil. incezar (./.) anat. pia mater, inci pearl. — avcısı pearl fisher, pearl diver. — avı pearl fishing. — gibi colloq. beautiful (teeth/handwriting); delicately beautiful (girl), incibalığı, -m (./...) zool. bleak, Alburnus lu-cidus.
inciçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. lily-of-the-valley, Con-vallaria majalis.
                             *incik 1. front of the shank, shin. 2. prov. shinbone, tibia; fibula. 3. prov. patella. 4. prov. ankle. — kemiği anat. shinbone, tibia. *incik prov. 1. hurt, injured. 2. pain, ache, incik boncuk (./ ..) cheap and tawdry jewelry. Incil 1. the New Testament. 2. (a) Gospel, (an)
435                                          indirmek
         Evangel. — yazarı Evangelist.
      İncili set with pearls, ornamented/embroidered with pearls, pearled, incinmek 1. to be hurt, be injured; (for a muscle) to be strained. 2. /dan/ to be offended (by).
      incir 1. fig. 2. bot. fig tree, Ficus carica. — ağacı bot. fig tree, Ficus carica. — babadan, zeytin dededen, proverb A fig tree is at its best when inherited from one’s father, but an olive tree ds at its best when inherited from one’s grandfather. — çekirdeğini doldurmaz colloq. trifling, inconsequential.
         —     dolması slang testicles, balls, nuts, incirkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. 1. tree pipit, Anthus trivialis. 2. beccafico, figeater, Sylvia hor-tensis. incirlik fig grove, incitaşı, -m (./..) perlite, incitici painful, distressing, incitme 1. hurting, hurt. 2. strain; sprain. 3.
         offending, offense, incitmebeni (./...) prov. cancer, incitmek hf 1. to hurt, injure; to strain. 2. to offend.
      inç, -çi inch (unit of length that equals 2.54 cm.), indeks index.
      indeterminist, -ti phil. (an) indeterminist, advocate of indeterminism, indeterminizm phil. indeterminism, indi (.—) obs. subjective, based on personal opinion (as opposed to thorough and objective study).
      indifa, -ai (..—) obs. (volcanic) eruption. — etmek to erupt, indifai (..— —) obs. eruptive, indikatör indicator (instrument which makes a diagram showing how well a machine is performing). — diyagramı indicator diagram, indicator card, indinde Iml obs. 1. in (one’s) opinion, according to. 2. in the presence of, before. 3. in comparison to. indirgeç 1. reducer. 2. reducing agent, indirgeme reduction.
      indirgemek /ı, a/ to reduce (s.t.) to (a simpler state).
      indirgen chem. 1. reducing, reductive. 2. reducing agent.
                                                            indirilmek 1. to be reduced. 2. to be lowered, indirim 1. reduction (in price); discount. 2. com.
                                                            allowance. 3. mus. downward transposition, indirimli 1. reduced, marked down in price; discounted; reduced, sale (price); discount (price). 2. (buying/selling) at a reduced price; at a discount; (buying) on sale. — satış sale, indirimsiz 1. not reduced, not marked down in price; not discounted; unreduced (price); undiscounted (price). 2. (buying/selling) at an unreduced price; at an undiscounted price, indirme lowering, bringing down, indirmek III 1. to lower, take down, bring down,
 indirtmek
                                                          get down. 2. to reduce (a price/a bid/a rate/ a figure). 3. to land, deliver (a slap/a blow).
   4.    to wreck, destroy, indirip bindirmek /ı/ to cause fluctuations in the price of. indirtmek /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) lowered, let down, reduced, or wrecked, indis math, subscript, index, individüalist, -ti 1. (an) individualist. 2. individualistic, individualist, individiializm individualism, indiyum (/..) chem. indium.
İndonezya (../.) see Endonezya.
İndonezyalı (../..) see EndonezyalI, indükleç elec. inductor.
indükleme phys. induction. — akımı elec. induced current, indüklemek /ı/ phys. to induce, ineç geol. syncline.
                                                       inek 1. cow. 2. slang overly hardworking student, grind; Brit. swot. 3. slang loose woman.
   4.    slang catamite, queen, passive male homosexual. 5. slang car. 6. doe, female deer. — ahırı cowhouse, Brit. byre. — gibi süt vermeyen, öküz gibi kutan sürer, proverb (Whoever doesn’t give milk like a cow will pull a plow like an ox.) If a person is not able to do skilled work, he/she will have to do heavy labor, —in sarısı, toprağın karası. proverb The best cows are tan and the best soil is black, inekağacı, -m (./...) bot. cow tree, Brosimum galactodendron. inekçi 1. dairy farmer, dairyman. 2. slang overly hardworking student, grind; Brit. swot, inekçil slang overly hardworking student, grind, inekçilik dairying; being a dairyman, ineklemek slang to study hard, grind away; Brit. to swot.
ineklik 1. cowshed. 2. slang stupidity, imbecility.
inen descending. — kolon anat. descending colon.
iner çıkar elevator, Brit. lift, ineze prov., see eneze.
infaz execution (of a judicial sentence); carrying out (of an order/a decree). — etmek /ı/ to execute, carry out. infial, -li indignation; anger, vexation, annoyance. — uyandırmak to arouse indignation, infilak, -ki explosion, blowup, bursting. — etmek to explode, blow up, burst, infinitezimal, -li math, infinitesimal.
Ingiliz (/..) 1. Englishman; Englishwoman. 2. English, of or from England. 3. English, pertaining to the English language. — altını sovereign (a gold coin). — anahtarı see in-gilizanahtan. — arması slang tongue-lash-ing, bawling out. — lirası English pound, pound sterling. — siyaseti Machiavellian tactics. — tuzu Epsom salts, Epsom salt. — Uluslar Birliği the British Commonwealth of Nations.
ingilizanahtan, -ni (/.....) adjustable wrench,
 436                                            inkılapçı
                             monkey wrench, Brit, adjustable spanner. İngilizce (../.) 1. English, the English language. 2. (speaking/writing) in English, English. 3. English (speech/writing); spoken in English; written in English.
İngiltere (...'.) 1. England. 2. colloq. Great Britain.
İngiltereli (../..) 1. (a) native of England; (a) subject of the English crown. 2. (s.o.) who is a native of England; (s.o.) who is a subject of the English crown.
4ngin path, cold, head cold.
2ingin low, low-lying.
inginlik 1. lowness. 2. weakness. 3. deflation, -in hali, -ni gram, the genitive, the genitive case.
inhiraf (..—) obs. deviation, deflection. — etmek /dan/ to deviate, be deflected (from), inhisar 1. monopoly. 2. being restricted/limited to (a single thing/person). — a/—ına almak h/ to get a monopoly on/of. — altına almak /ı/ to monopolize. — etmek /a/ to be restricted/limited to. —mda olmak /in/ to be monopolized (by).
4nik 1. lowered (flag, blind, etc.). 2. deflated (tire, etc.); low (tire). — deniz low tide. 2inik prov., see enik.
inikâs (..—) obs. 1. reflection. 2. echo. 3. reaction, market response, inildemek 1. to resound, reverberate, echo; to ring, peal. 2. to moan; to groan. 3. to creak, inildetmek III 1. to make (s.t.) resound/reverberate/echo; to cause (s.t.) to ring/peal. 2. to cause (s.o./s.t.) to moan/groan. 3. to cause (s.t.) to creak, inilemek archaic 1. to moan; to groan. 2. to resound, reverberate, echo; to ring, peal. 3. to creak.
inilmek impersonal passive to go down, descend.
inilti 1. moan; groan. 2. reverberation, echo;
   ring, peal. 3. creak, iniltili 1. moaning (sound), moanful; groaning (sound), groanful. 2. resounding (noise), reverberant, echoing; ringing (sound). 3. creaky, creaking, inim inim (./ ..) used in: — inlemek to moan/ groan bitterly, inisiyatif initiative.
iniş 1. descent, landing. 2. downward slope. — aşağı downhill, downwards. — çıkış 1. descent and ascent. 2. fin. rise and fall, fluctuation. — pisti/şeridi landing strip (for aircraft). — takımı landing gear (of an aircraft). — takımları slang (a woman’s) legs, inişli sloping downwards, declivous, declivent.
   —      çıkışlı/yokuşlu hilly (road), inişlik runway; landing strip, inkâr denial. — etmek (—dan gelmek) /ı/ to deny.
inkıbaz obs., med. constipation, inkılap (nonviolent) revolution, inkılapçı 1. (a) (nonviolent) revolutionary. 2.
 inkılapçılık
   (nonviolent) revolutionary, inkılapçılık (nonviolent) revolutionism, inkıraz obs. 1. decline. 2. end, collapse, extinction. — bulmak 1. to decline, decay. 2. to collapse, fall, end, become extinct, inkıta, -ai (..—) obs. stoppage, cessation, —a uğramak to stop, cease, be discontinued, be ended.
inkisar 1. curse, malediction. 2. obs. refraction.
   —   etmek (—da bulunmak) /a/ to curse, —i tutmak for (s.o.’s) curse to come true.
inkişaf 1. development. 2. geom. development.
   —   etmek to develop.
inlemek 1. to moan; to groan. 2. to resound, reverberate, echo; to ring, peal, inletmek /ı/ 1. to cause (s.o.) to moan; to cause (s.o.) to groan. 2. to cause (s.t.) to resound/ reverberate/echo. 3. to make (s.o.) suffer.,, inleyiş 1. moaning; groaning. 2. resounding, reechoing.
inme 1. descent, going down. 2. colloq. stroke; paralysis. 3. ebb tide. — inmek /a/ colloq. to have a stroke, be paralyzed, inmek 1. to go down, come down, descend. 2. /dan/ to get off (an airplane/a bus/a ship/ a train); to get out of (a car); to dismount (from a horse). 3. /a/ (for an airplane) to land (at). 4. /a/ to stay at (a hotel). 5. /a/ to move down to. 6. to recede, diminish, decrease, die down. 7. (for a structure/a wall) to collapse. 8. /a/ colloq. to be paralyzed in (a part of the body). 9. /a/ slang to hit, strike (s.o.). 10. to reduce the price. 11. (for prices) to fall.
inmeli colloq. paralyzed (by an apoplectic stroke).
inmemiş undescended. — erbezi path, undescended testicle, inorganik (/...) inorganic. — kimya inorganic chemistry.
insaf justice (tempered by mercy); fairness. I—! colloq. Be fair!/Be reasonable! — etmek /a/.l. to take pity (on). 2. to behave fairly (towards), —a gelmek to relent, show mercy. — ma kalmak Iml (for s.t.) to depend on (s.o.’s) sense of what’s fair, depend on (s.o.’s) sense of fair play, insaflı just, equitable, fair, insaflılık justness, fairness, insafsız 1. unmerciful, merciless, cruel. 2. unfair, unjust.
insafsızca (../.) 1. mercilessly. 2. unfairly, unjustly. 3. merciless (act). 4. unfair, unjust (act).
insafsızlık 1. cruelty, mercilessness. 2. unfairness.
insan 1. person, someone, human being, man. 2. the human race, man, mankind: Allah insanı yarattı. God created man. 3. colloq. decent person, upright person: İnsan gibi yaşamadı. He didn’t live as a decent person should. İnsan gibi çalış! Do your work as it should be done! 4. one, you: İnsan büyü-
                                                                                             insan
ğüyle öyle konuşmaz. One doesn’t speak that way to one’s superior. İnsana güven veren bir sesi var. He has a voice that inspires trust. 5. colloq. decent, upright, good (person): Hasan insan bir adam. Hasan’s a decent fellow. — m adı çıkmadansa cam çıkması yeğdir/hayırlıdır, proverb, see Adamın adı çıkacağına cam çıksm. —m alacası içinde, hayvanın alacası dışında, proverb, see Adamın alacası içinde, hayvanın alacası dışında. — ayaktan, at tırnaktan kapar. proverb A person gets sick when his/ her feet are cold, and an animal when its hoof is injured. — beşer, kuldur (bazen) şaşar, proverb (Man is a creature and sometimes goes wrong.) Nobody is perfect ./Everybody makes mistakes. — çeşit çeşit, yer damar damar, proverb There are as many kinds of people in the world as there are kinds of soil. — doğduğu yerde değil, doyduğu yerde, proverb A person’s real home is not in the country he/she was born in; it’s in the country where he/she earns his/her living. — eti ağırdır, proverb (Man’s flesh is heavy.) 1. A man has enough trouble just taking care of his immediate family. 2. It is hard to lift or move a person who is bedridden. — eti yemek colloq. to backbite, slander a person, —in eti yenmez, derisi giyilmez; tatlı dilinden başka nesi var? proverb A person’s flesh is not eaten, and his/her skin is not made into clothing; all that he/ she has of value is a golden tongue. — evladı colloq. good person, decent person, person of integrity. — gibi colloq. decently, properly, in an acceptable way, like a human being. — gönlünün artığını söyler. proverb One’s joking words indirectly express one’s real feelings. — göre göre, hayvan süre süre (alışır), proverb Just as animals learn by being hitched to a plow, people learn by observing others. — hakları human rights. İ— Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (made by the UN). — hali human nature. — hali, colloq. Human nature is just that way. — içine çıkmak colloq. to go out in public; to mix with people. — ikrarından, hayvan yularından tutulur, proverb, see İnsan sözünden, hayvan yularından tutulur.
—   insanın şeytanıdır, proverb, see Adam adamın şeytanı. — kendini beğenmese çatlar/ölür. proverb If a person does not approve of himself/herself he/she will go wild or die. — kıtlığı colloq. scarcity of capable people. — kıtlığında .... colloq. As there is no one better at this time, .... — kıymetini insan bilir, proverb The person who understands you is the one who is able to appreciate your worth. —/—lar konuşa konuşa, hayvan/hayvanlar koklaşa koklaşa, proverb Animals communicate by sniffing; people by talking. — m kötüsü/fenası olmaz, meğer
437
insanbiçimci
438
interferometri
   ki züğürt ola/parası olmaya, proverb People accord a measure of respect to everyone except the penniless. — kurusu colloq. 1. very thin person, bag of bones, scarecrow. 2. very thin, (s.o.) who is nothing but skin and bones.
   —   müsveddesi colloq. 1. sorry apology for a human being, sorry excuse for a human being (said of a morally contemptible person). 2. (s.o.) who is a sorry apology for a human being. — sarrafı colloq. 1. a good judge of people. 2. (s.o.) who is a good judge of people. —/—lar söyleşe söyleşe, hayvan/ hayvanlar koklaşa koklaşa, proverb, see İnsan/İnsanlar konuşa konuşa, hayvan/hayvanlar koklaşa koklaşa. — sözünden, hayvan yularından tutulur, proverb An animal’s actions are limited by its lead rope; a person’s actions are limited by his/her promises. — türü Homo sapiens. — yedisinde ne ise yetmişinde de odur. proverb (What a person is at seven he’s/she’s at seventy.) A person’s character does not change with time.
   —      yerleşimi human settlement, insanbiçimci (./...) anthropomorphic, insanbiçimcilik (./....) anthropomorphism, insanbilim (./..) anthropology, insanbilimci (./...) anthropologist, insanbilimsel (./...) anthropological, insanca (./.) 1. decently, humanely. 2. properly,
   in an acceptable way. 3. humanly, in a human manner. 4. with regard to people: İnsanca zayiat yoktu. There was no loss of human life. 5. humanlike, human: O hayvanda insanca bir şey var. There’s a certain human quality about that animal. 6. human, pertaining to mankind, insancı 1. (a) humanist. 2. humanistic, humanist, insancıl 1. domestic (animal). 2. humanistic, humanist. 3. humane, human. 4. human, pertaining to human beings, insancılık humanism.
insancıllaştırmak /ı/ 1. to domesticate. 2. to humanize.
insangiller zool. the hominids, Hominidae. insangücü, -nü (./..) manpower, insammsı I. humanlike. 2. zool. anthropoid, an-thropoidal. 3. zool. (an) anthropoid, (an) anthropoid ape. insanımsılar zool. the anthropoids, Anthro-poidea.
insani (.— —) 1. human. 2. humane. 3. humanely, kindly, insaniçinci (./...) anthropocentric. insaniçincilik (./....) anthropocentricism. insaniyet, -ti (.—..) 1. humaneness, humanity, compassion, benevolence. 2. humankind, humanity, mankind. 3. humanness; being human.
insaniyetli (.— ...) humane, decent, good (person).
insaniyetsiz (.—...) inhumane, inhuman, insaniyetsizlik (.— ....) inhumanity, cruelty, insanlık 1. humanity, mankind. 2. humaneness,
    kindness. 3. being human, —tan çıkmak colloq. 1. to lose one’s human feeling, become inhuman. 2. to lose a lot of weight, insanoğlu, -nu (./..) human being, man. — çiğ süt emmiş, proverb (Man was suckled on raw milk.) Human beings don’t always behave decently, insanölçüm (./..) anthropometry, insanüstü, -nü (./..) superhuman, insektaryum (../.) insectarium. insektisit (an) insecticide, insicam obs. coherence, consistency; congruity, harmony.
insicamlı obs. coherent, consistent; congruous, harmonious, insicamsız obs. incoherent, inconsistent; incongruous, inharmonious, discordant, insicamsızlık obs. incoherence, inconsistency;
    incongruity, lack of harmony, discordance, insiyak, -ki obs. instinct, insiyaki (..— —) obs. instinctive, insiyatif see inisiyatif, instrumentalizm phil. instrumentalism, insülin see ensülin.
inşa (.—) 1. construction. 2. obs. literary composition, writing. — etmek hi to build, construct. — halinde under construction, inşaat, -ti 1. building under construction. 2. building, construction. — malzemesi building materials, construction materials. — mühendisi civil engineer. — mühendisliği civil engineering. — müteahhidi building contractor, contractor; builder. — ruhsatı building permit. — yapmak to build a building; to build buildings. — yeri construction site, building site, inşaatçı 1. building contractor, contractor; builder. 2. (official) who accords importance to public works; (official) who instigates the construction of various public works, inşaatçılık being a building contractor or builder; the construction business, building, inşallah (/..) (God willing/if God wills) 1. I hope that .... 2. if nothing unforeseen happens. İ—! colloq. I hope so. inşat (.—) obs. recitation; declamation. — etmek h! to recite eloquently; to declaim, intan obs., path, infectious disease, intani (.— —) obs., path, infectious, infective.
    —     hastalıklar infectious diseases, intaniye (.— ..) 1. obs. infectious diseases. 2. ward for patients suffering from infectious diseases. — servisi ward for patients suffering from infectious diseases, integral, -li 1. integral, an integral whole. 2. math, (an) integral. — denklemi math, integral equation. — hesabı integral calculus, integrasyon math, integration, in telek see entelekt, intelekt, -ti see entelekt, intelektüalizm see entelektüalizm.
interferometre (.....'.) interferometer.
interferometri (.....'.) interferometry.
interferon
439
ip
interferon biochem. interferon, interkinez biol. interkinesis, interkoneksiyon elec. interconnection, intermezzo (../.) mus. intermezzo.
Internet, -ti comp, the Internet.
Interpol, -IÜ Interpol (the International Criminal Police Commission), interpolasyon interpolation, intiba, -ai (..—) impression, feeling. — bırakmak /da/ to make an impression on (s.o.). intibah obs. 1. awakening, arousal. 2. awareness, alertness, intibak, -ki 1. becoming adapted to, adaptation, adjustment, acclimatization. 2. obs., math. coincidence, occupation of the same place in space. — etmek /a/ 1. to become adapted (to), adapt (to), adjust (to), become acclimatized (to). 2. obs., math, to coincide (with), intibaksız 1. unadaptive, unadapted, unadjusted, unacclimated. 2. (s.o.) who has difficulty adjusting to a situation/an environment. 3. maladjusted, intibaksızlık 1. lack of adaptation, lack of adjustment. 2. difficulty in adjusting. 3. maladjustment.
intifa, -ai (..—) benefit, advantage, gain. — etmek /dan/ to profit (from). — hakkı law usufruct. — senetleri preferred shares, intihar suicide. — etmek 1. to commit suicide.
    2. slang to get married, intikal, -li 1. change of place. 2. passing, passage, transition. 3. grasp, understanding, comprehension. 4. inferring, inference. 5. transfer (by inheritance/sale). — devresi transition period. — etmek 1. to pass to another place. 2. h! to perceive, understand, grasp. 3. /a/ to pass (to s.o.) by inheritance, be inherited (by). — vergisi inheritance tax. intikam revenge; vengeance; avengement. — almak to get revenge, take revenge, —mi almak 1. /dan/ to get one’s revenge on, have one’s revenge on, revenge o.s. on (s.o.). 2. Iml to revenge (s.o./s.t.); to avenge (s.o./s.t.). intikamcı 1. revengeful, vengeful, vindictive;
    avengeful. 2. revenger; avenger, intisap joining (a group); affiliation; membership. — etmek /a/ to become a member of, join; to become affiliated with (a group/a family/an organization), intişar obs. 1. diffusion. 2. publication, dissemination. — etmek 1. to spread, issue forth, radiate. 2. to be published, intizam order; orderedness, orderliness; neatness, tidiness; regularity, intizamlı ordered, orderly; neat, tidy; regular, intizamsız unordered, unorderly, lacking in order; untidy; irregular; haphazard, intizamsızlık lack of order, unorderedness; untidiness; irregularity; haphazardness, intizar 1. obs. expectation. 2. colloq. curse, cursing. — etmek colloq. to curse, in vitro' med. in vitro. — çoğaltma in vitro propagation.
in vivo med. in vivo.
inzibat, -ti 1. discipline, order, orderly conduct. 2. military police, MP (considered as a group). 3. military policeman, MP. 4. orderly arrangement, orderliness, order, organization. — eri military policeman, MP. — meclisi obs. disciplinary board. — teşkilatı military police, MP.
inziva (..—) withdrawing into solitude; making a retreat. — ya çekilmek to withdraw into ^solitude; to make a retreat.
İ.Ö. (abbr. for İsa’dan Önce) B.C. (before Christ).
ip, -pi 1. light rope, cord; string. 2. prov. thread.
   —  atlamak to jump rope. — cambazı rope-dancer, tightrope walker. — e çekmek hi colloq. to string (s.o.) up, hang (s.o.). —ini çekmek Iml colloq. to keep (s.o.) under control.
   —le çekmek hi colloq. to be anxiously waiting for, be counting the days until. — i çözmek colloq. to sever relations with someone.
   —i çürük colloq. undependable. — e dizmek hi to string, —leri elinde olmak Iml colloq. to exercise covert control over (s.t.). — e ge-lesice/gelesi colloq. 1. low-down, damned. 2. bastard, scoundrel. — inceldiği yerden kopar, proverb (A rope breaks at a worn place.) Trouble begins at a weak spot. — ipullah sivri külah colloq. having neither family nor possessions. — kaçkını colloq. gallows bird, person who deserves to be hanged, —ten kazıktan kurtulmuş colloq. hardened criminal, thug, —ini kesmek slang
   1. to run away, flee, clear out. 2. Iml to leave (s.o.) penniless. —i kink slang ne’er-do -well, hoodlum, hood. — kırıldığı yerden ulanır/bağlanır, proverb (When a rope breaks it is tied together at the break.) 1. To heal a misunderstanding one must eliminate its cause. 2. When a project goes awry, you right it by getting rid of the source of the trouble. —i kırmak slang 1. to slip away; to clear out. 2. to quit one’s job. 3. to sever relations with someone, —ini kırmak slang to get out of hand, become unmanageable, —ini kırmış colloq. lawless, wild (person).
   —i koparmak colloq. 1. to quit one’s job.
   2. to sever relations with someone. — koptuğu yerden ulanır/bağlanır, proverb, see İp kırıldığı yerden ulanır/bağlanır, —ten kuşak kuşanmak colloq. to become poor, —iyle kuyuya inilmez. Iml colloq. You can’t depend on him/her. — merdiven rope ladder.
   —  e sapa gelmemek colloq. to make no sense; to contain contradictions. —e sapa gelmez colloq. 1. confused, inconsistent, nonsensical. 2. vagabond, shiftless. —i sapı yok. colloq. It has no rhyme or reason, —ini sürümek colloq. to deserve to be hanged (for one’s crimes), —ini sürüyüp gezmek colloq. to wander around aimlessly, kill time. — takmak /a/ colloq. to try to harm (s.o.) behind his/her back. — takmamak /a/ slang not to
ipçik
   give a damn (about), —in ucu elinde olmak
   /ml colloq. to be in control of things, —in ucunu kaçırmak colloq. to let things get out of hand, let something get out of control, let things go too far. — e un sermek colloq. to give someone a song and dance, try to put someone off with impossible excuses, ipçik bot. filament (of a stamen), ipek 1. silk. 2. silken, made of silk. — baskı silk-screen process; serigraphy. — gibi colloq. silky, soft, fine and smooth. — şarabı mulberry wine. — şurubu mulberry syrup.
   —   teli silk filament.
ipeka (./.) bot. ipecac, ipecacuanha, Cephaelis ipecacuanha. ipekağacı, -m (./...) bot. flindersia, silkwood, Flindersia.
ipekböceği, -ni (./...) zool. silkworm, Bombyx mori.
ipekböcekçiliği, -ni (./....) sericulture, serici-
   -culture.
ipekçi 1. sericulturist. 2. maker of silks, silkman.
    3.    silk weaver. 4. seller of silks, silkman. ipekçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. portulaca, Portulaca. ipekçilik 1. sericulture, sericiculture. 2. being a maker of silks; the manufacture of silks. 3. being a silk weaver; silk weaving. 4. being a seller of silks; the selling of silks, ipekhane (..—.) place in which the silk filaments are reeled from the cocoons, filature, ipekkurdu, -nu (./..) zool. webworm. ipekkuyrukkuşu, -nu (./....) zool. Bohemian wax wing, Bomby cilia garrulus. ipekli 1. silk, silken, made of silk. 2. silk, silk cloth.
ipekmati, -m (./..) a finish which has a soft, silk-like luster, semimat finish (on furniture), ipham (.—) obs., lit. deliberate use of obscure/ ambiguous language, ipince (/..) very thin; very slender, iplemek /ı/ 1. slang to mind, heed, listen to, pay attention to. 2. to bind up with rope/ cord.
iplememek hi slang not to listen to; to ignore;
                                                         not to give a damn (about), iplicik zool. lungworm, Dictyocaulus. iplik 1. (sewing) thread; yarn. 2. thread, filament, fiber. 3. (a) string (of a bean pod); (a) fiber, (a) string (in a fruit/a vegetable). — çekmek 1. to draw threads. 2. to spin yarn.
   —   eğirmek to spin yarn. — iplik 1. in fibers.
   2. thread by thread, separately. — iplik olmak to become threadbare. — i pazara çıkmak Iml colloq. for (s.o.’s) faults to come to light. — peyniri a cheese with a fibrous consistency.
iplikçi 1. maker of thread/yarn. 2. seller of thread/yarn.
iplikçilik 1. being a maker of thread/yarn; the spinning business. 2. being a seller of thread/ yarn.
iplikhane (..— .) 1. spinning mill, spinnery. 2. hist, a prison where the prisoners did spin-
440                                            iradedışı
         ning.
      iplikkurdu, -nu (./..) zool. (a) nematode; threadworm. — hastalığı path, nematodiasis, nematosis.
      ipliklenmek 1. to become threadbare, become frayed. 2. to be spun into thread, be spun.
         3. (for a bean pod) to get stringy; (for a fruit/ a vegetable) to get tough, become fibrous.
      ipliksi threadlike, filamentous; filiform, thread -shaped. — sonda/buji med. filiform bougie, ipliksolucanlar (./....) zool. the nematodes, the threadworms, Nematoda. ipnotize hypnotized. — etmek hi to hypnotize, ipnotizma (.*•"•) hypnotism, ipnotizmacı (../..) hypnotizer. ipnoz hypnosis.
      ipotek mortgage. — etmek hi to mortgage. — senedi mortgage bond, ipotekli mortgaged. — alacak sahibi mortgagee. — borç senedi mortgage bond. — borçlu mortgagor, mortgager, ipotetik hypothetical, ipotez hypothesis, ipsi threadlike, filar.
      ipsiler zool. the nematodes, the threadworms, Nematoda.
                                                               ipsisolucanlar (./....) zool. Nemathelminthes. ipsiz 1. ropeless. 2. halterless. 3. colloq. vagabond. — sapsız colloq. 1. vagabond; shiftless; ne’er-do-well. 2. senseless, meaningless (words).
      iptal, -li 1. canceling, cancellation. 2. law abrogation, annulment, repeal, revocation, rescission. — davası law action for nullity, action for avoidance. — edilebilir revocable, revokable. — etmek hi 1. to cancel. 2. law to abrogate, annul, repeal, revoke, rescind, iptida obs. 1. (..—) commencement, start, beginning. 2. (/,-—) at first, in the beginning, iptidai (..— —) 1. primitive. 2. primary, elementary.
      iptila (..—) 1. addiction. 2. passionate feeling for.
      ipucu, -nu (/..) 1. clue (evidence/indication that may lead to a discovery). 2. hint, clue (i.e. an indirect suggestion). — bulmak to find a clue. — vermek /a/ to give (s.o.) a hint, give (s.o.) a clue, irade (.—.) 1. will, volition, the power of willing/determining. 2. will power, will; determination; self-control. 3. willing, commanding.
         4. decree, command; irade. 5. will, wish, desire. — beyanı law declaration of intention.
         —  gücü willpower. — kaybı psych., see irade yitimi. — kuvveti see irade gücü. — sahibi 1. strong-willed person, strong-minded person. 2. strong-willed, strong-minded. — yitimi psych, abulia, aboulia.
      iradeci (.—..) phil. 1. (a) voluntarist. 2. (s.o.)
         who is a voluntarist. 3. voluntaristic. iradecilik (.— ...) phil. voluntarism, iradedışı, -m (.— /..) involuntary, not under the control of the will.
iradeli
 441
 İsa
iradeli (.—..) 1. strong-willed, strong-minded.
    2. voluntary, under the control of the will, iradesiz (.—..) 1.. weak-willed. 2. involuntary, not under the control of the will, iradesizlik (.— ...) 1. weakness of will. 2. involuntariness.
iradi (.— —) 1. volitional, pertaining to the will. 2. voluntary, under the control of the ■will. — şart law potestative condition. jran (__.) i. Iran. 2. Iranian, of Iran.
İranlı1. (an) Iranian. 2. Iranian (person), irat (—.) 1. income, revenue (yielded by a real property); rent. 2. (a) real property which yields income. 3. obs. saying, uttering; delivering. 4. obs. citing, adducing. — etmek hi obs. 1. to say, utter; to deliver. 2. to cite, adduce. — getirmek (for a real property) to yield income, bring in income. — sahibi 1. owner of a real property which yields income. 2. rentier. — vergisi obs. income tax. irdeleme research, thorough investigation, irdelemek /ı/ to research, investigate (s.t.) thoroughly, study (s.t.) carefully, irfan 1. understanding, comprehension, insight.
    2. knowledge. 3. occult knowledge, iri 1. large, huge, big. 2. coarse, coarse-grained, having coarse particles. — kesim colloq. huge. — kum gravel. — laf colloq. exaggeration. — taneli 1. (s.t.) the particles of which are large. 2. (stalk) the individual fruits of which are large, iribaş (./.) zool. tadpole, irice 1. fairly large. 2. fairly coarse, iridyum (./.) chem. iridium, irikıyım (.*"••) 1. coarsely chopped. 2. colloq.
    big and burly, strapping, irileşim hypertrophy.
irileşme 1. becoming large. 2. hypertrophy, irileşmek 1. to grow gradually large. 2. to hypertrophy, irili ufaklı (../ ...) both large and small: İrili ufaklı hepsini aldı. He took all of them, large and small, irilik largeness, bigness, irin path, pus, purulent matter, matter, puru-lence. — toplamak (for a sore, etc.) to fester, generate pus, suppurate, irinlenim path., see irinlenme, irinlenme path, pyogenesis, pyopoiesis. irinlenmek path, to fester, generate pus, suppurate.
irinli path, purulent, pussy. — deri pyoderma.
    —     kesecik pustule, irinşiş (./.) path, abscess, irinyapan (./..) path, pyogenic.
Hris anat. iris (of the eye).
2iris bot. iris, Iris.
iriyan (./..) colloq. big and burly, strapping, iriyuvarli (./...) macrocytic. — kansızlık path.
    macrocytic anemia, irkilme 1. (a) sudden start; being startled. 2.
    med. inflammation, irkilmek 1. to be startled; to start. 2. (for flow-
    ing water) to back up and form a pool. 3. med. to be inflamed, irkiltmek /ı/ 1. to startle. 2. med. to inflame, irkinti 1. pool of water, puddle. 2. start, being startled.
İrlanda (./.) 1. Ireland, Eire. 2. Irish, of Ireland.
İrlandaca (./..) 1. Irish, Irish Gaelic, Gaelic, Erse, the Irish language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Irish, Irish. 3. Irish (speech/writing); spoken in Irish; written in Irish.
İrlandalI (./..) 1. Irishman; Irishwoman. 2. Irish (person).
4rmek archaic, auxiliary verb to be.
2irmek /a/ obs. to reach, irmik semolina. — helvası a dessert made of semolina, ironi irony, ironik ironic, ironical, irrasyonalizm irrationalism, irrasyonel, -li irrational, irredantizm irredentism. irs obs. heredity.
irsal, -li obs. sending, forwarding, transmittal, irsaliye (.—..) waybill, shipping papers, irsen (/.) obs. through heredity, irsi (.—) hereditary, pertaining to heredity, irsiyet, -ti heredity.
irşat obs. guidance, leading someone in the right path. — etmek /a/ to guide, teach, show (s.o.) the right way. irtibat, -ti 1. communications, contact. 2. connection, link. — kurmak /la/ to get in touch with, be in contact with. — subayı mil. liaison officer, irtica, -ai (..—) (political/social) reaction.
irticai (..-----) reactionary (action).
irticalen (..— .) extempore, extemporaneously.
irtifa, -ai (..—) altitude, elevation.
irtifak, -ki obs. sharing, access. — hakkı law
    1. easement, right of access, right of passage.
    2. servitude.
irtihal, -li obs. passing away, death. — etmek to pass away, die. irtikâp (..—) obs. 1. bribery/embezzlement perpetrated by a government official. 2. perpetrating a crime.
İ.S. (abbr. for İsa’dan sonra) A.D. (anno Domini).
is 1. soot, black, lampblack, smut. 2. prov. smut (on plants); sooty mold; sooty blotch; sooty stripe. — kokmak to smell a bit smoky, smell of smoke. — kokusu smoky smell. —e tutmak hf to blacken (s.t.) over a flame, —in yanına varan is, misin yanma varan mis kokar, proverb (One who has been near soot smells sooty; one who has been near musk smells musky.) A person is influenced by his/her associates.
İsa (— —) Jesus. —’yı küstürdü, Muhammet’i memnun edemedi, colloq. (He/She offended Jesus but couldn’t please Muhammad.) He/She tried to help but pleased
isabet
442
iskelekuşu
    nobody, —’dan önce before Christ, —’dan sonra anno Domini, isabet, -ti (.—.) 1. hitting (the mark). 2. saying/ doing exactly the right thing. 3m. falling by chance to. 4. happy encounter. İ—! colloq. Well done! — almak to be hit (by a missile). — etmek 1. /a/ to hit (the mark). 2. /a/ to come to (one) (by chance or as one’s share). 3. to do/say just the right thing. — ki .... colloq. It is good that .../Luckily, ....
    —  oldu, colloq. It was a good thing ./It worked out well.
isabetli (.— ..) very fitting, very appropriate, isabetsiz (.— ..) inappropriate, ineffective, isale (.—.) obs. making/allowing (water) to flow/run. — hattı supply pipe, ise 1. if. 2. as for. — de although; even if. İsevi (—.—) 1. (a) Christian. 2. Christian, pertaining to Christianity. 3. Christian, pertaining to Jesus.
İsevilik (—.— .) 1. being a Christian, Chris-tianness. 2. Christianity, the religion of Christians.
isfendan (..—) 1. bot. maple tree, maple, Acer.
    2.    made of maple, maple, isfenks see sfenks, isfilt, -ti ice field.
ishakkuşu, -nu (..'..) zool. short-eared owl, Asio flammeus. ishal, -li path, diarrhea. — olmak to have diarrhea.
isilik 1. colloq. prickly heat, heat rash. 2. path. miliary eruption. — olmak 1. colloq. to have prickly heat, have heat rash. 2. path, to have a miliary eruption, isim, -smi 1. name (of a person/a thing), appellation. 2. gram. noun. 3. title (of a book, a painting, a musical composition, etc.) 4. person: Günay’m hayatında yeni isimler var artık. Günay’s got new people in his life now. —ini cismini bilmemek /m/ colloq. not to know anything about. — cümlesi gram. sentence which has “to be” as its main verb.
    —i geçen previously mentioned, aforementioned. — hali gram, case (of a noun). — koymak /a/ to give (s.o./s.t.) a name, name.
    —  takmak /a/ to nickname. — takımı gram. two or more nouns grammatically related as possessor and possessed or modifier and modified. — tamlaması gram, two or more nouns linked together to form a grammatical unit (e.g. okulun bahçesi, kız lisesi, altın saat), —i var, cismi yok. colloq. 1. He’s/ She’s/it’s much talked of but never seen. 2. It’s something imaginary. — vermek /a/ to name, give (s.o./s.t.) a name. — yapmak to become famous, make a name for o.s.
isimfiil (./..) gram. 1. infinitive, marked infinitive, infinitive phrase (used as a noun). 2. gerund, verbal noun, isimli 1. (s.o./s.t.) who/which has a (certain kind of) name: Tuhaf isimli bir adam sizi telefonla aradı. Some man with a funny name
   telephoned you. 2. named ..., (s.o.) who is named ...: Ergin isimli biri aşağıda seni bekliyor. Someone named Ergin is waiting for you downstairs, isimsiz 1. nameless, (s.o./s.t.) who/which has no name. 2. nameless, unknown, not noted: Bu zaferi o isimsiz kahramanlara borçluyuz. We owe this victory to those nameless heroes.
iskalarya (../.) naut. ratline, iskambil 1. any card game. 2. a playing card.
   3.    deck of cards. — kâğıdı 1. a playing card. 2. deck of cards. — kâğıdı gibi devrilmek colloq. to fall like a house of cards. — oynamak to play cards. — oyunu card game, iskân 1. providing with housing. 2. causing (people) to settle in. — etmek III 1. to house. 2. to settle (people) in. — müsaadesi municipal permission allowing people to live in a new building, iskandil 1. sounding, measurement of the depth of water. 2. sounding line. 3. slang investigating (a situation). 4. slang sounding out (s.o.). 5. slang spying on. — etmek hi 1. to sound, fathom. 2. slang to investigate (a situation). 3. slang to sound out (s.o.). 4. slang to spy on. — ipi sounding line. — kurşunu sounding lead, plummet. — savlası see iskandil ipi.
                                                                  İskandinav 1. (a) Scandinavian. 2. Scandinavian, of or from Scandinavia: İskandinav sanatı Scandinavian art. — dilleri the Scandinavian languages, the North Germanic lan-. guages.
Iskandinavcâ (.../.) 1. Scandinavian, North Germanic, the North Germanic languages. 2. (speaking/writing) in Scandinavian, Scandinavian. 3. Scandinavian (speech/writing); spoken in Scandinavian; written in Scandinavian.
İskandinavya (.../.) 1. Scandinavia. 2. Scandinavian, of Scandinavia.
İskandinavyalI (.../..) 1. (a) Scandinavian. 2. Scandinavian (person): İskandinavyalI çiftçiler Scandinavian farmers, iskarpela (../.) 1. (carpenter’s) chisel. 2. cape chisel, iskarpin low-cut shoe, iskarto (./.) wool waste, iskele (./.) 1. quay, wharf, landing, pier, dock.
   2.    gangplank. 3. port town, port. 4. (a builder’s) scaffolding, scaffold. 5. the port side (of a ship). 6. cin. catwalk, mounting (for lights). — almak 1. to hoist/remove the gangplank. 2. /a/ slang to pester (a woman) with improper advances. — babası 1. bollard. 2. colloq. father who has no authority over his family. 3. colloq. henpecked husband. — direği scaffolding pole. — halkası mooring ring. — kurmak to erect scaffolding. — vermek to lower the gangplank, put the gangplank in place, iskelekuşu, -nu (./...) zool. kingfisher, hal-
iskelet
443
ispirtoluk
   cyon, Alcedo atthis. iskelet, -ti 1. anat. skeleton. 2. framework, structural frame, —i çıkmak colloq. to become very thin. — gibi colloq. skeletal, emaciated.
iskemle (./.) 1. chair (without arms); stool. 2. small coffee table; end table. — kavgası see koltuk kavgası.
İskender hist. Alexander (the Great). İskenderiye (../..) Alexandria (in Egypt). İskenderun (./..) İskenderun (formerly Alex-andretta). iskerlet, -ti zool. murex, Murex. iskete (./.) zool. titmouse, Parus.
İskit (/.) hist. 1. (a) Scythian. 2. Scythian, of Scythia or the Scythians: İskit sanatı Scythian art.
İskitçe (./.) hist. 1. Scythian, the Scythian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Scythian, Scythian. 3. Scythian (speech/writing); spoken in Scythian; written in Scythian. İskitler (/..) hist, the Scythians.
İskoç 1. Scotch, Scottish, of Scotland or the Scots. 2. Scotch, Scotch whisky. 3. (a) Scot, Scotsman; Scotswoman. — ayini Scottish rite (in Masonry). — dansı schottische. — okulu the Scottish school of philosophy. — teriye Scottish terrier, Scotch terrier, scottie, scotty. — viskisi Scotch whisky.
İskoçça (./.) 1. Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic. 2. (speaking/writing) in Gaelic, in Scottish Gaelic. 3. Gaelic (speech/writing); spoken in Gaelic; written in Gaelic.
İskoçya (./.) Scotland.
İskoçyalı (./..) 1. (a) Scot, Scotsman; Scotswoman. 2. Scottish (person), iskonto (./.) discount. — etmek hi to discount (a bill). — limiti discount limit. — yapmak to give a discount, iskorbüt, -tü path, scurvy, iskorçina (../.) bot. Spanish salsify, Scorzonera hispanica.
iskorpit, -ti zool. scorpion fish, Scorpaena. iskota (..'.) naut. sheet (a rope/a chain).
İslam 1. Islam, the Islamic religion. 2. Islamic.
   3.    (a) Muslim. 4. resignation to God’s will, —a gelmek to become a Muslim. — gizemciliği Islamic mysticism, Sufism. — hukuku Islamic law. —’in şartı beş, altmcısı insaf demişler, proverb Tempering justice with mercy is so important that it deserves to be , made the sixth pillar of the Islamic faith. İslamcı 1. (a) Pan-Islamist. 2. Pan-Islamic. İslamcılık Pan-Islam, Pan-Islamism.
İslami (.------) Islamic, pertaining to Islam.
İslamiyet, -ti (.— ..) 1. Islam, the Islamic faith.
   2.    being a Muslim, following the Muslim . way; the Muslim way of life.
İslamlaşmak to become Islamic. İslamlaştırmak /ı/ 1. to cause (s.o.) to become .. a Muslim. 2. to make (s.t.) Islamic, Islamize. İslav 1. (a) Slav. 2. Slavic, pertaining to the Slavs or their languages.
İslavca (./.) 1. Slavic, the Slavic language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Slavic, Slavic. 3. Slavic (speech/writing); spoken in Slavic; written in Slavic.
islemek /ı/ 1. to blacken (s.t.) with soot. 2. to smoke (a food to preserve it). 3. to burn (a pudding) slightly, islenmek to become sooty, isli 1. sooty. 2. smoked, isliküf (./.) aspergillus, common mold, islim see istim.
İsloven see Sloven, ismen (/.) by name.
isnat 1. (maliciously false) imputation. 2. attributing, ascribing. — etmek /ı, a/ 1. to impute (s.t. bad) to (s.o.) (groundlessly). 2. to attribute, ascribe, isot, -tu prov. 1. pepper, pepper plant. 2. green pepper. 3. sweet pepper, bell pepper, green pepper. 4. cayenne pepper, red pepper. 5. carrot.
ispalya (./.) stake, pale (for a plant).
İspanya (./.) 1. Spain. 2. Spanish, of Spain, ispanya (./.) whiting, Spanish white.
İspanyol 1. Spaniard, (a) native of Spain. 2. Spanish, of the Spanish; characteristic of Spain.
İspanyolca (../.) 1. Spanish, the Spanish language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Spanish, Spanish. 3. Spanish (speech/writing); spoken in Spanish; written in Spanish, ispanyolet, -ti espagnolette, cremone bolt, ispaolo (./..) hemp twine, ispari (./.) zool. annular bream, Sargus annularis.
ispat, -ti 1. proving. 2. proof, evidence. — etmek hi to prove. — hakkı law the right to prove (one’s accusation). — lı şahitli proven and witnessed. —ı vücut etmek to appear in person. — yükümlülüğü law the burden of proof, onus of proof, onus probandi. ispati (./.) playing cards clubs, ispatlamak hi 1. to prove. 2. math, to demonstrate, prove, ispatlanmak to be proved/proven, ispenç zool. bantam. — horozu colloq. small and cocky man. ispençiyari (...—.) pharmaceutics, pharmacy, ispendik zool. a small spotted sea bass, Dicen-trarchus punctatus. ispermeçet, -ti spermaceti. — yağı sperm oil. ispinoz 1. zool. chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs. 2.
    slang talkative, indiscreet, gabby, ispir 1. groom, stableman. 2. carriage footman, ispiralya (../.) naut. cabin skylight, ispirto (./.) grain alcohol, ethyl alcohol. — lambası spirit lamp. — ocağı spirit stove, spirit burner (small, alcohol-burning stove/ burner).
ispirtocu (./..) colloq. alcoholic who drinks grain alcohol, ispirtolu (./..) alcoholic, containing alcohol, ispirtoluk (./..) spirit stove, spirit burner (small,
 ispit                                                 444
    alcohol-burning stove/burner), ispit, -ti felly, felloe.
ispiyon slang informer, squealer, stool pigeon, ispiyonculuk slang informing on, betraying, ispiyonlamak hi slang to inform on, squeal on. ispritizma (../.) spiritualism, spiritism, israf extravagance, wasteful expenditure. — etmek h! to waste, squander.
İsrail (.—.) 1. Israel (the state of Israel). 2. Israeli, of Israel.
İsrailli (.-—..) 1. (an) Israeli. 2. Israeli (person), istadya (./.) stadia rod. istalagmit, -ti geol. stalagmite, istalaktit, -ti geol. stalactite.
İstanbul (./.) Istanbul. — Boğazı the Bosphorus, the Bosporus. — efendisi a real gentleman, very polite man. — kaldırımı çiğnemiş colloq. experienced in the ways of the city. — kazan, ben kepçe, colloq. (Istanbul was the pot and I the ladle.) I left no stone unturned in Istanbul. —’un taşı toprağı altın. colloq. The streets of Istanbul are paved with gold.
istanbulin stambouline, stamboline (a long, single-breasted frock coat worn by Turkish officials in the nineteenth century).
İstanbullu (./..) native of Istanbul.
İstanköy (the island of) Kos. istasyon 1. railway station. 2. station. — şefi stationmaster. istatistik 1. (the science of) statistics. 2. (a) statistic.
istatistikçi statistician.
istavrit, -ti zool. horse mackerel, scad, Tra-churus trachurus. — azmanı zool. bluefin, great tuna, Thunnus thynnus. istavroz cross; crucifix. — çıkarmak to make the sign of the cross, cross o.s. — fidesi slang, off. infidel bastard, istearik chem., see stearik, istearin chem., see stearin, istek 1. wish, desire. 2. inclination, appetite. 3. request. — duymak /a/ to want, feel a desire (for). — göstermek /a/ to want, desire.
    —  kâğıdı (written) petition. — kipi gram. the optative (mood). — yutumu ling, elision of y and a vowel in certain optative verb forms.
isteka (./.) 1. billiard cue, cue. 2. print, stick.
    3.     shoemaking slicker, isteklendirim encouragement, motivation, isteklendirmek hi to encourage, motivate, isteklenmek /a/ 1. to want to. 2. to want, istekli 1. desirous, wanting. 2. willing. 3. person who wants something, isteksiz 1. indifferent, having no desire. 2. unwilling; reluctant. 3. unwillingly; reluctantly, isteksizlik unwillingness; reluctance, istem 1. formal request, demand. 2. econ. demand. 3. will, volition. — belgesi law indictment. — bildirimi law declaration of intention. —de bulunmak to make a formal request. — yitimi psych, abulia, aboulia.
                                                                                                               istiap
                                                                      isteme wanting, desiring. — kipleri gram, verbal forms indicating volition/necessity, istemek 1. hi to want, desire, wish. 2. /dan, ı/ to ask (s.o.) for (s.t.). 3. hi to ask to see or talk to (s.o.). 4. to be necessary; to require.
   5.     hi to ask for (a woman) in marriage. İstemez, colloq. I don’t want it./It is not required. İsteyenin bir yüzü kara, vermeyenin iki yüzü, proverb A person who has to ask for something is shamed, but a person who refuses him/her is doubly shamed. İstemem diyenden korkmalı, proverb Beware of the person who says he/she doesn’t want a certain thing, istediği gibi at koşturmak/oynatmak colloq. to do as one pleases (without regard for others), ister istemez 1. colloq. perforce, like it or not. 2. as soon as requested. İstediğini söyleyen, istemediğini işitir, proverb If you criticize others you’ll be criticized in return. İstemem, yan cebime koy. colloq. (I don’t want it; put it in my side pocket.) He’s/She’s pleased to get what he/she seems to be refusing, istemeksizin (../..) see istemeyerek, istemelik (written) request, istemeyerek (./...) 1. unwillingly; reluctantly.
   2. involuntarily, accidentally, istemli 1. volitional, volitive, pertaining to the will. 2. voluntary, (s.t.) which is willed. — hareket voluntary movement, istemseme psych, velleity, low degree of volition.
                                                                     istemsiz involuntary, (s.t.) which is not willed.
   —      hareket reflex movement, istemsizlik lack of voluntary control, istenç will, volition. — yitimi psych, abulia, aboulia.
istençdışı, -m (./..) involuntary, istençsel voluntary, istenilmek see istenmek, istenmek 1. to be desired, be in demand. 2. to be asked for. İstenmeyen aş, ya karın ağrıtır, ya baş. proverb (Unwanted food causes a stomachache or a headache.) If a person has to do something unwillingly the result is not good, istep, -pi steppe, istepne colloq. spare tire, ister 1. need, demand, requirement. 2. (repeated) whether ... or not. 3. (repeated) either ... or. isteri psych, hysteria. — nöbeti hysterical fit, attack of hysteria, hysterics, isterik psych. 1. hysterical, hysteric. 2. (a) hysteric.
istetmek /a, ı/ 1. to have (s.o.) ask for (s.t.). 2. to have (a go-between) ask for (a girl/a woman) in marriage, isteyerek (../.) 1. willingly, gladly, by one’s own wish. 2. on purpose, intentionally, isteyiş 1. demand, request. 2. way of asking, istiap containing, holding. — haddi 1. load limit, capacity. 2. naut. tonnage. 3. passenger capacity.
istiare
 445
istinaf
istiare         1- obs. borrowing. 2. the use of
    metaphor. 3. (a) metaphor, istibdat despotism, autocracy, istida ) 1. law (written) petition. 2. obs. applying to (a public authority) for (s.t.). 3. obs. supplicating (s.t.) from/of (God). — etmek /ı, dan/ obs. 1. to,apply to (a public authority) for (s.t.). 2. to supplicate (s.t.) from/of God. istidaname (..--------.) obs., law (written) peti-
    tion.
istidat (.—.) natural ability, aptitude, istidatlı (.— ..) apt, capable, istidatsız (.—..) incompetent, inept, istidlal, -li obs. deduction, inference, istif 1. orderly stack, neatly arranged pile. 2. colloq. composure, serenity. 3. slang sleep, —inden başlamak slang to begin to swear, —inden başlatmak /m/ slang to make (s.o.) swear, —ini bozmamak colloq. to stay calm, maintain one’s composure. — etmek /i/ to stack (things) neatly, istifa (..—) 1. resigning, resignation (from a position). 2. letter of resignation, resignation.
    —yı basmak suddenly to resign; immediately to quit. — etmek /dan/ to resign; to resign from. — smı vermek to hand in one’s resignation.
istifade (..— .) profiting, benefiting. — etmek /dan/ to benefit, profit (from), istifadeli (..— ..) advantageous, profitable, useful.
istifaname (..— —.) obs. letter of resignation, istifçi 1. colloq. hoarder. 2. stacker, person who stacks.
istifçilik 1. colloq. hoarding. 2. work of a stacker.
istifham obs. query, inquiry, seeking an explanation. — işareti question mark, istifleme stacking (things) neatly, istiflemek hi to stack (things) neatly, istifrağ (..—) obs. vomiting. — etmek to vomit, istiğfar obs. praying for forgiveness. — etmek to ask God for forgiveness, istihale (..— .) obs. 1. change of form. 2. metamorphosis. — etmek 1. to change form. 2. to undergo metamorphosis, istihare (..—.) asking for divine guidance through a dream, —ye yatmak to lie down to sleep (after performing duties of worship) in the hope that God will speak to you through a dream, istihbarat, -ti (..— .) 1. news, information. 2. secret information, intelligence. — bürosu information bureau. — dairesi intelligence department. — servisi news desk (in a newspaper). — subayı mil. intelligence officer.
    —  şefi news editor.
istihdam employment, employing. — etmek h! to hire, employ, istihfaf obs. regarding (s.o./s.t.) as unimportant; making light of (s.t.); treating (s.t.) lightly.
    —  etmek l\l 1. to regard (s.o./s.t.) as unim-
   portant; to make light of; to treat (s.t.) lightly.
   2.     to disdain, istihkak, -ki 1. deserving, meriting. 2. one’s due, one’s share. — davası law action for recovery of property, istihkâm 1. fortification, stronghold. 2. military engineering. — subayı mil. engineer officer, istihkâmcılık the construction of fortifications, istihlak, -ki obs. consumption. — etmek hi to consume, use up. — vergisi excise, excise tax.
istihsal, -li production. — etmek hi to produce, istihza (..—) irony; sarcasm; ridicule. — etmek /la/ to ridicule, istika (./.) shoemaking slicker, istikamet, -ti (..—.) 1. direction. 2. obs. integrity, uprightness. — vermek /a/ 1. to direct, assign a direction to. 2. to give guidance to. istikbal, -li the future.
istiklal, -li independence. İ— Harbi the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1922). İ— madalyası medal awarded for service in the Turkish War of Independence. İ— mahkemeleri courts established by the Ankara government during the Turkish War of Independence to deal with acts of treason. İ— Marşı the Turkish national anthem, istikrah obs. loathing, aversion. — etmek /dan/ to loathe, hate, istikrar 1. becoming stabilized, stability; stabilization. 2. becoming established in. — bulmak 1. to become stabilized. 2. /da/ to become established in (a place). — sağlamak to assure stability, istikrarlı stable, stabilized; settled; steady, istikrarsız unstable; unsteady; unsettled; inconsistent.
istikrarsızlık unsteadiness; instability, istikraz obs. borrowing (money). — etmek /ı, dan/ to borrow (money) from.
istila (.------) 1. invasion; occupation. 2. spread,
    covering, overwhelming. — etmek hi 1. to invade. 2. to flood, cover.
istilacı (.----.) 1. invading; occupying: istilacı
    ordular the invading armies. 2. invader, istim 1. steam. 2. slang alcoholic drink, —ini almak slang to get drunk. — arkadan gelsin. colloq. (Let the steam come later.) 1. Let’s do what we can with what we now have. 2. He’s/She’s going ahead without any clear plan.
istimara (../.) estimating the cubic capacity of. istimator customs evaluator, istimbot, -tu steamboat.
istimlak, -ki law expropriation. — etmek 111 to expropriate, istimna (..—) obs. masturbation, istinabe (..— .) law (a court’s) giving a rogatory commission to (another court/an individual).
istinaden (..—.) /a/ based on, supported by. istinaf (.-----) obs., law appeal. — mahkemesi
   court of appeals.
 istinat                                                446
istinat obs. 1. leaning against, resting on. 2. relying on, depending on. 3. being based upon. — duvarı retaining wall, supporting wall. — etmek /a/ 1. to lean against, rest on. 2. to rely on, depend on. 3. to be based upon.
istinatgâh (...—) obs. 1. support, supportive person/thing. 2. base, basis, istinga (./.) naut. brail. — etmek 111 1. naut. to brail up. 2. slang to let down (one’s trousers), drop (one’s pants), istinkâf (..—) obs. abstention. — etmek /dan/ to abstain (from), istintaç obs. inference, deduction. — etmek /ı, dan/ to deduce, infer, conclude (from), istintak, -ki (..—) obs. 1. interrogating, questioning. 2. interrogation, cross-examination.
    —      etmek hi to interrogate, cross-examine, istirahat, -ti rest (usually for the sake of one’s
    health). — etmek to rest, relax, istirahatli excused from one’s duties owing to illness.
istirdat obs. restitution. — davası law action for restitution. — etmek hi 1. to retake. 2. to recover, get back, istirham asking for (s.t.) as a favor; request.
    İ— ederim. I beg you ./Please. — etmek hi to ask/beg for (s.t.) as a favor, istiridye (../.) zool. oyster, Ostrea. istiridyeci (../..) oysterman, gatherer/seller of oysters.
istiska (..—) obs. 1. path, dropsy. 2. asking for water. — ya çıkmak to go out into the open country to pray for rain. — duası prayer for rain. — olmak to have dropsy, istismar 1. exploiting (s.t./s.o.) for one’s own ends. 2. obs. putting to good use, utilizing.
    —      etmek 111 1. to exploit. 2. obs. to utilize, istismarcı 1. exploiter. 2. (person) who exploits
    (s.t./s.o.) for his/her own ends, istisna (..—) exception. — etmek 111 to except, istisnai (..----) exceptional. — mahkeme spe-
    cial court, istisnasız (..— .) without exception, istişare (..—.) consultation. — etmek /la/ to consult (with).
istişari (..----) consultative, advisory.
istiva (..—) obs. 1. being equal (in size). 2.
                                     evenness, levelness. — hattı the equator, istop, -pu 1. stopping, stoppage. 2. children’s game played with a ball. — etmek 1. to stop, come to a halt. 2. Ill soccer to stop (the ball), istor see stor.
istralya (./.) naut. 1. stay (of a mast). 2. ribband.
istrongilos (./..) zool. picarel, Sp icara s mar is.
İsveç (/.) 1. Sweden. 2. Swedish, of Sweden. İsveççe (./.) 1. Swedish, the Swedish language.
    2. (speaking/writing) in Swedish, Swedish.
    3. Swedish (speech/writing); spoken in Swedish; written in Swedish.
İsveçli (/..) 1. (a) Swede. 2. Swedish (person). İsviçre (./.) 1. Switzerland. 2. Swiss, of Swit-
                                                                                                                        1Ş
   zerland.
                                                                        İsviçreli (./..) 1. (a) Swiss. 2. Swiss (person).
                                                                        isyan uprising, rebellion, revolt; mutiny. — bayrağını açmak colloq. to become rebellious.
   —   etmek to rebel.
isyancı 1. (a) rebel. 2. rebellious.
isyankâr rebellious.
isyankârlık rebelliousness.
                                                                        iş 1. work, labor. 2. job, employment, work. 3. duty, job. 4. occupation, line of work, work.
   5.  business, trade, commerce. 6. colloq. business, matter, affair. 7. colloq. the important thing; the chief problem. 8. colloq. secret/ dubious side (of an affair). 9. slang trick.
   10. colloq. event, something. 11. colloq. way of behaving; course of action. 12. colloq. something worth doing. 13. phys. work.
   —ler açılmak for trade to become brisk, —inin adamı a man who knows his job. — akdi labor contract, —in alayında olmak colloq. not to take (s.o.) seriously; to take (s.t.) as a joke, —ten alıkoymak 111 to interrupt (s.o.) at his/her work. — i Allaha kalmak colloq. (for s.o.) to be in the soup, be beyond help. —i altın, colloq. He’s/She’s prospering. — amana binince kavga uzama?. proverb When one side surrenders the fight is over, —ten anlamak to be an expert.
   —   anlaşmazlığı labor dispute. — anlatilm-caya kadar baş elden gider, proverb By the time one has explained the matter the damage has already been done, —ten artmaz, dişten artar, proverb (It does not accumulate from work but from one’s teeth.) You save money not by making more but by spending less, —ten atmak hi to fire, dismiss. — ayağa düşmek colloq. for a project to fall into the hands of irresponsible and incompetent people. —i azıtmak colloq. to go too far, overstep the mark, —ine bak. colloq. Mind your own business. — e bakmak colloq. to get to work on something; to be at work on something. —e balta ile girişmek colloq. to set about doing something like a bull in a china shop. — başa düşmek colloq. to have to do something o.s. — başarı belgesi recommendation, letter of recommendation, —in başı colloq. the crux, the central point. — başına geçmek to take the lead; to come to power.
   —   başında 1. on the job. 2. during work time. — başındakiler the leaders. — i başından aşmak (aşkm olmak) colloq. to be extremely busy. — başında bulunmak to be working, —ler becermek colloq. to be up to no good. — i bırakmak to go on strike, —ten bile değil! colloq. It’s very easy. — bilenin, kılıç kuşananın, pro verb (The work goes to the one who can do it; the sword goes to the one who can wear it.) 1. The person who knows how to use something properly is the one who is entitled to possess it. 2. Possession is nine points of the law. — bilmek to be skillful; to be capable, —ini
s
bilmek 1. colloq. to know how to exploit a situation to one’s own advantage. 2. to be conscientious about one’s job. 3. to be well -qualified for one’s job. — birlikli collective, joint, common. — bitirmek colloq. 1. to complete a job successfully. 2. (for s.t.) to be suitable for the job in hand, —ini bitirmek 1. to finish one’s own work. 2. IvaJ to finish (another’s) job. 3. Iml colloq. to cook (s.o.’s) goose. 4. Iml colloq. to finish off, bump off, kill. — bitmek colloq. 1. for an affair to be settled. 2. /dan/ for the outcome of a job to depend on (s.o.’s) efforts. — i bitmek 1. for a job in hand to finish. 2. colloq. to be very tired, be worn to a frazzle. — i bozulmak for one’s business affairs or an undertaking to go awry/take a downward turn. — buyurmak /a/ to order (s.o.) around; to tell (s.o.) to do a job. — çatallannıak colloq. for a job to get complicated. — çığırından çıkmak colloq. for a situation to get out of hand. — çıkarmak colloq. 1. to do a lot of work. 2. /a/ to give (a person) something disagreeable to do. 3. to cause trouble; to create difficulties. — çıkmak colloq. 1. for work to be done/be turned out/be produced. 2. for trouble or a problem to come up/arise. — çıkmaza girmek colloq. for things to reach an impasse. — dayıya düştü. colloq. It’s time for an expert to take over, —ten değil! colloq., see İşten bile değil! — donu shalwars, very baggy trousers.
—i dökmek /a/ colloq. 1. unintentionally to become, turn into: İşi öğretmenliğe döktü. He’s unintentionally become a teacher. 2. to act as if: İşi oyuna döktü. He acted as if it were a game. — i duman olmak slang to be in the soup, be in trouble. — düşmek /a/ colloq. for a job/a duty to fall to/on. — i düşmek /a/ colloq. 1. to have to go (somewhere or to s.o.) on business. 2. to need (s.o.’s) help. — edinmek 111 colloq. to make (s.t.) one’s special concern, —ten el çektirmek /a/ to remove (s.o.) from office, —/—inin eri colloq. a person who does his/her job well. — geçiştirme colloq. perfunctory work, —ine gelmek colloq. to suit one’s interests, accord with one’s plans. — e girişmek colloq. to embark on a job enthusiastically. — e girmek to become employed, begin working.
—  görmek 1. (for s.o.) to work, do a task. 2. (for s.t.) to be of use, be of service, —ini görmek 1. to do one’s job. 2. to work, do the job. 3. Iml to do (another’s) work. 4. Iml colloq. to give (s.o.) a beating. 5. /in/ colloq. to kill (s.o.). — görmezlik nedeniyle because of a physical disability. — göstermek /a/ colloq. to give (s.o.) a job to do. —ine gücüne bakmak colloq. to mind one’s own business. —i gücü yok. colloq. 1. He’s/ She’s unemployed. 2. He’s/She’s an idler. — güç colloq. 1. occupation, one’s work/trade. 2. miscellaneous bits of work. 2. a thing that
                                                                                                              »Ş
needs to be done, —ten güçten kalmak colloq. to be kept from doing one’s work. —i-ne hor bakan boynuna torba takar, proverb A person who despises his/her job will soon end up a beggar. — hukuku labor laws, —in içinden çıkamamak colloq. to be unable to work out a solution, —in içinden çıkmak colloq. 1. to escape from a difficult situation; to get out of doing something complicated. 2. to work out a solution for something complicated, —in içinde iş var. colloq. There is something behind all this, —in içinden sıyrılmak colloq. to escape from a difficult situation; to get out of doing something complicated. — ihtilafı labor dispute. — inada binmek colloq. 1. for a dispute to turn into a battle of wills. 2. to be stubbornly determined to succeed in doing something. — insanın aynasıdır, proverb (Work is the mirror of a person.) One can learn a lot about a person by seeing how he/ she works, —imiz iş! colloq. We are lucky!
—i iş olmak colloq. for (one’s) affairs to go very well. — işten geçmek colloq. for it to be too late to do anything about something.
—  işlemek to do embroidery, —inden kalmak colloq. to be kept from doing work, be interrupted. — kanunu (a) labor law, (a) law governing relations between employers and employees. — karıştırmak colloq. 1. to confuse the situation, complicate things. 2. to set people against each other. — kazası work-related accident; industrial accident, —ini kış tut da yaz çıkarsa bahtına, proverb (Plan your work for winter, and if it turns out to be summer count it a blessing.) Expect the worst and any surprise will be a happy one. — e koşmak /ı/ colloq. to make (s.o.) do a job. — medreseye düşmek colloq. for something to become the subject of endless discussion, —in mi yok? colloq. Don’t you have anything better to do?/That’s ridiculous !/It’s not worth your time!/Don’t waste time on it! — odası office, business office. — ola/olsun! colloq. What he’s/she’s doing is eyewash, not real work. — olacağına varır, proverb What’s been ordained to happen will surely happen ./You can’t change what’s predestined to happen. — i olmak 1. to have work to do. 2. (for s.t.) to turn out well. 3. Iml colloq. to be a job that can only be handled by (a certain person). 4. /la/ colloq. to have to contend with (a difficult person). —inden olmak colloq. to lose one’s job. —i oluruna bırakmak/bağlamak colloq. to let matters take their natural course.
—  olsun diye colloq. 1. so as to appear busy. 2. merely for the sake of doing it, for no particular reason at all. — peşinde koşmak colloq. 1. to go hither and thither in order to get a job done. 2. to go about in search of a job. —i pişirmek colloq. 1. to have done everything necessary to make something sue-
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   ceed. 2. (for two lovers) to begin to have sexual intercourse with each other. — i rast gitmek colloq. 1. for one’s affairs to go well. 2. to have luck on one’s side, be in luck.
   —i resmiyete dökmek to make an already established situation official. — saatleri working hours. — i sağlama (sağlam kazığa) bağlamak colloq. to take measures to ensure that a matter will turn out as desired.
   —   sarpa sarmak colloq. for something to become complicated, —in sonu the outcome.
   —   sözleşmesi labor contract. — şirazesin-den çıkmak colloq. for a situation to get out of hand. — i tıkırında, colloq. His/Her business is flourishing ./He’s/She’s doing very well. — tutmak colloq. 1. to take a job, become employed. 2. to embark on a project, —in ucu bana dokundu, colloq. In the end it was I who suffered./In the end I suffered as well. — üç nalla bir ata kaldı, colloq. (What is still needed is three more horseshoes and a horse.) He/She starts fantasizing at the drop of a hat. — var. colloq. /da/ 1. He’s/She’s a capable person ./He/She can get things done. 2. It’s something that can be of use. — im var. I’m busy. I— ve İşçi Bulma Kurumu the Turkish Employment Office (a government bureau). — vermek /a/ to show (s.o.) the work to be done; to assign (s.o.) a task. — yapımı performance, accomplishment. — yapmak to work. — yaptın, colloq. You’ve spoiled it all. — e yaramak to be useful, be of use, come in handy. — e yaramaz useless. (...) — yok. /da/ colloq. ... is/are no good./... is/are of no benefit: O arabayı alma. Onda iş yok. Don’t buy that car. It’s no good, —in yoksa şahit ol, paran çoksa (borcun yoksa) kefil ol. proverb If you want trouble be a court witness; if you have money to burn, be someone’s guarantor. — i yokuşa sürmek colloq. to make trouble about something. — i/—leri yolunda olmak colloq. for things to go well. — i yüzüne gözüne bulaştırmak colloq. to make a complete mess of something.
işadamı, -m (/...) businessman.
işaret, -ti (.—.) 1. sign. 2. mark. 3. gesture, signal. — borusu bugle. — etmek 111 to point out, indicate. — fişeği signal rocket. — lambası auto, blinker, turn signal, Brit, winker.
   —   sıfatı gram, demonstrative adjective. — vermek to give a signal, signal. — zamiri gram, demonstrative pronoun.
işaretçi (.— ..) signaler, flagger.
işaretlemek (.— ...) hi 1. to mark. 2. to point out.
işaretlenmek (.—...) 1. to be marked. 2. to be pointed out.
işaretleşmek (.—...) to make signs to one another.
işaretli (.— ..) marked, tagged. — molekül molecule tagged as a radioactive tracer.
işaretparmağı, -m (.—/...) index finger, fore-
   finger.
işba, -ai (.—) obs., chem. saturation. — etmek hi 1. to saturate. 2. to satiate, işbaşı, -ni (/..) the time at which the day’s work starts. — nda eğitim on-the-job training. — yapmak to begin/start work (in a workplace).
işbırakımcı (/....) striker, employee on strike.
işbırakımı, -m (/....) strike (of workers).
işbıraktırımı, -ni (/.....) lockout.
işbilim (/..) biotechnology.
işbirliği, -ni (/...) cooperation.
işbirlikçi (/...) 1. comprador, running dog. 2.
   collaborationist, quisling, işbirlikçilik (/....) 1. being a comprador. 2. being a collaborationist, collaboration, işbirlikli (/...) collective, cooperative, işbölümü, -nü (/...) division of labor, işbu (/.) formal this.
işçi 1. worker; workman. 2. slang trickster; card-sharp. — sendikası labor union, Brit, trade union. — smifi working class, proletariat. — sigortası worker’s insurance. — temsilcisi labor representative. — ücreti wages, worker’s pay.
işçilik 1. being a worker. 2. workmanship. 3.
   work, effort. 4. worker’s pay. işemek to urinate, make water, piss, pee. işenmek impersonal passive to urinate, make water, piss, pee. işetici diuretic.
işetmek hi to cause (s.o.) to urinate, işevi, -ni (/..) office, business office, işgal, -li 1. occupation, holding by force. 2. distraction, diverting from work. 3. keeping (s.o.) busy. 4. occupying, taking up (space).
   —   altında occupied, under military occupation. — etmek 111 1. to keep (s.o.) busy, occupy. 2. to occupy, take up (space). 3. to divert (s.o.) from his/her work. 4. to occupy, hold by force, take over. — kuvvetleri the occupying forces.
işgalci 1. occupying. 2. occupier, member of an occupying force, işgücü, -nü (/..) econ. 1. productive power. 2. the work force (of a nation), —nü bozmak Iml to demoralize, destroy the esprit de corps of. — bozulmak to lose one’s morale. — bozumu/yitimi demoralization, —nü yitirmek to be demoralized, işgüder charge d’affaires, işgüderlik post of a charge d’affaires, işgünü, -nü (/..) weekday, working day, workday.
işgüzar officious.
işgüzarlık officiousness. — etmek to be officious, behave officiously, işitilmek to be heard, işitim the sense of hearing, hearing, işitme hearing. — aleti hearing aid. — engelli hearing-impaired. — kesesi anat. otocyst.
   —      taşı anat. otolith, ear stone, işitmek 111 1. to hear. 2. to learn (of).
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işitmelik acoustics, işitmemezlik (./...) see işitmezlik. işitmezlik 1. not hearing. 2. pretending not to hear, —ten gelmek (—e getirmek) hi to pretend not to hear, işitölçer (./..) audiometer, işitölçüm (./..) audiometry, işitsel auditory.
işittirmek /ı, a/ to cause (s.o.) to hear (s.t.). işkadım, -m (/...) businesswoman, işkapatımı, -m (/....) lockout, işkembe (./.) 1. rumen, paunch. 2. tripe (food), —den atmak hi slang to make up (a story); to exaggerate. — çorbası tripe soup, —sini düşünmek colloq. to think only of one’s stomach, —den söylemek hi slang, see işkembeden atmak. — suratlı colloq. (s.o.) whose face is badly pocked, —sini şişirmek colloq. to make a pig of o.s. işkembeci (./..) 1. tripe seller. 2. restaurateur specializing in tripe dishes. 3. tripe restaurant, işkembecilik (./...) selling tripe or tripe soup, işkembeli (./..) 1. containing tripe. 2. colloq.
    potbellied, paunchy, işkence (./.) 1. torture, torment. 2. (carpenter’s) clamp. — etmek /a/ to torture, torment.
   —ye sokmak hi to put (s.o.) through mental torment. — yapmak /a/ see işkence etmek.
işkenceci (./..) 1. torturer, tormentor. 2. (s.o.)
    who tortures, işkil 1. doubt, suspicion. 2. difficulty, işkillendirmek hi to arouse (s.o.’s) suspicions, işkillenme becoming suspicious (of/about), işkillenmek to become suspicious (of/about), işkilli suspicious, doubtful (about). — büzük dingilder, proverb, vulg. (It’s the doubtful arse that breaks wind.) It’s the hurt dog that hollers.
işkilsiz (s.o.) who harbors no suspicions, unsuspicious, unsuspecting, işkine (./.) zool. maigre, bar, Sciaena umbra. işkolu, -nu (/..) 1. department (within an organization). 2. the work force (in such a department), işlek 1. much used, busy (street). 2. much frequented (shop). 3. flowing, cursive (handwriting). 4. gram, productive. — yazı clear, flowing handwriting, işleklik 1. being much used; busyness. 2. legibility, clarity (of handwriting), işlem 1. (a) procedure; (a) transaction; (an) operation (any of the steps necessary to effect s.t.). 2. math, operation. 3. process. — kodu comp, operation code; transaction code. — kütüğü comp, transaction file. — verileri comp, transaction data, işlemce surgical operation, işlemci comp, processor, işleme 1. processing, working (s.t.) up. 2. embroidery, handwork. 3. embroidered. 4. processing (of film). 5. comp, processing, işlemeci embroiderer.
                                                                                                           işlevsel
 işlemecilik embroidery, the work of an embroiderer.
 işlemek 1. hi to process, treat, work (s.t.) up. 2. hi to do fine work on, embroider. 3. /a/ to penetrate; to soak into. 4. to function, operate, perform, do work. 5. (for a business) to be doing a good business, be doing well.
    6.    (for a road) to carry traffic. 7. (for a vehicle/a ship) to ply, make regular trips. 8. hi to cultivate, work (land)! 9. Ill to treat, discuss (a subject). 10. (for a law) to be effective, be enforced. 11. (for a boil/a sore/a wound) to fester. 12. slang to commit theft; hi to steal. 13. hi slang to investigate, look into. 14. slang to pull the wool over s.o.’s eyes (as a joke). İşleyen demir pas tutmaz/ paslanmaz/ışıldar, proverb (Iron that is being used does not rust.) An active, industrious person is a healthy, productive person, işlemiş faiz banking accrued interest, işlemeli embroidered, işlenge embroidery.
 işlenmek 1. to be processed, be worked up. 2. to be embroidered. 3. to be treated, be discussed formally. 4. /a, dan/ to go in and out of (a place) through (an opening), işlenmemiş raw, untreated. — özdek raw material.
işletici operator (of a business enterprise), işletim operating, operation. — sistemi comp.
                                                                     operating system, işletme 1. business enterprise (often used to refer to public-service enterprises or public utilities). 2. administrating, managing (a business enterprise). 3. operating (a machine).
    —  bütçesi operating budget. — defteri operating ledger. — fakültesi school of business administration. — gereçleri 1. operating equipment and materials of a business. 2. rolling stock. — kârı operating profit. — sermayesi working capital. — vergisi 1. an excise tax. 2. a sales tax.
işletmeci 1. manager, administrator; business executive. 2. distributor of movie films, işletmecilik 1. (the science of) business administration. 2. managership. 3. state-ownpd business enterprise, işletmek hi 1. to run, operate. 2. slang to deceive (s.o.) by inventing a story; to make fun of, hoodwink. 3. to cause (a wound) to form pus. işletmen operator (of a machine), işlev function. — birimi comp, function unit.
    —  tuşu comp, function key. — yitimi med. apraxia.
işlevbilim (./..) physiology, işlevbilimsel (./...) physiological, işlevci 1. (a) functionalist. 2. functionalist, functionalistic, işlevcilik functionalism.
 işlevsel functional. — programlama comp. functional programming. — tasarım comp. functional design.
işlevselci
işlevselci see işlevci.
işlevselcilik see işlevcilik.
işlevsiz nonfunctional.
işlevsizlik lack of any function, uselessness.
işleyim industry.
işleyimsel industrial.
işli embroidered; worked; ornamented. — güçlü colloq. 1. having business. 2. very busy, işlik 1. workshop. 2. atelier, studio. 3. work clothes.
işmar prov. gesture, signal; nod; wink. — etmek to signal, sign, gesture; to wink, işporta (./.) 1. street vendor’s pushcart. 2. basket/box (used by street vendors). — ya düşmek colloq. (for s.t.) to become cheap and widely available. —■ malı shoddy goods, işportacı (./..) street vendor, işportacılık (./...) being a street vendor, işret, -ti drinking, carousing. — âlemi drinking party. — etmek to carouse. — meclisi drinking party, carousal, işsiz 1. unemployed, out of work; jobless. 2.' unembroidered. — güçsüz colloq. idle, with nothing to do. işsizlik unemployment; joblessness. — sigortası unemployment insurance, iştah 1. appetite, desire for food. 2. bodily want, desire, urge. — açıcı appetizing. — ı açılmak to develop an appetite. — açmak to whet one’s appetite. — dişin dibindedir. proverb (Appetite is at the bottom of the tooth.) A person’s desire for a particular food can be aroused by tasting a little of it. — kapamak to kill one’s appetite. — ı kapanmak/kesilmek to lose one’s appetite. — kesmek see iştah kapamak, —la yemek /ı/ to eat (s.t.) hungrily and with relish/enjoyment. — ım yok. colloq. I have no appetite, iştahlandırmak III to arouse (one’s) appetite/ desire.
iştahlanmak 1. to get pleasantly hungry. 2. /a/ to feel a desire (for), get a craving for. iştahlı 1. (s.o.) who has an appetite, who is hungry. 2. desirous, iştahsız (s.o.) who has no appetite, who is not hungry, iştahsızlık lack of appetite, işte as you see. İ—! 1. Here!/Here it is! 2. See!/ Look!/Behold! — böyle, colloq. Now you see how it is. — geldik gidiyoruz, şen olasın Halep şehri, colloq. (See, we have come and now we’re going. May the city of Aleppo be joyous.) Thanks for your hospitality, işteş 1. acting jointly/reciprocally. 2. gram, reciprocal. — çatı gram, reciprocal construction of a verb stem. — eylem/fiil gram, reciprocal verb, işteşlik 1. joint action. 2. gram, reciprocity. — eki gram, reciprocal infix, iştigal, -li obs. being busy with. — etmek /la/ to occupy o.s. (with), be busy (with), iştirak, -ki 1. partnership. 2. participation, sharing. — etmek /a/ 1. to participate (in), join
450                                               it
         in (on). 2. to share, agree with. — hissesi com. share, part, iştirakçi participant.
     iştiyak, -ki obs. longing, desire. — duymak /a/ to long for. işve coquettishness, flirtatious airs, işveli flirtatious, coquettish, işveren employer. — sendikası employers’ organization, trade association/organization, işyar employee, official, işyazar ergograph.
     işyeri, -ni (/..) place of employment.
     it, -ti 1. dog. 2. vulg. son of a bitch, bastard.
         —  ağzını kemik tutar, proverb (The bone locks the dog’s mouth.) A bribe’ll keep a low-down dog from blabbing, —in ahmağı baklavadan pay umar, proverb (It is a stupid dog that hopes to get a piece of the pastry.) He/She who always hopes for the impossible is a fool. —i an, taşı eline al (değneği yanma koy), proverb (Remember the dog and have your stone or stick ready.) If you’re going to be dealing with an aggressive person, you ought to be ready for a fight.
         —e atsan yemez, colloq. It is not fit even for a dog to eat. —in ayağını taştan mı esirgiyorsun? colloq. (Are you protecting the dog’s foot from the stones?) Will it hurt the fellow if you make him do something he’s used to doing anyway? — boku eme yaradı. vulg. (Even dog crap has some use.) He’s a shiftless bastard who won’t make himself helpful in the least. — canlı colloq. tough and strong. — le çuvala girilmez, proverb (Don’t get in a bag with a dog.) One should avoid getting into arguments with a nasty person. — le dalaşmaktan çalıyı dolaşmak yeğdir, proverb (It is better to walk around a dog in the path, even if you have to go through weeds.) It is worth some trouble to avoid a confrontation with a nasty person.
         —  değmekle deniz pis/murdar olmaz, proverb (One dog cannot pollute an ocean.) An upright person’s reputation is not endangered by the slander of a scoundrel. — derisinden post olmaz, proverb (A dog’s hide does not work as a fur rug.) You can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear. — dişi, domuz derisi. colloq. (A dog’s tooth and a pig’s hide.) Since the one is as bad as the other, let’s just let them fight it out. —in duası kabul/ makbul olsa/olsaydı gökten kemik yağar/ yağardı, proverb (If the prayers of dogs were answered the skies would rain bones.) If scoundrels ran the world it would be uninhabitable for the rest of us. — elli prov. splayfooted. — gibi çalışmak colloq. to work like a dog, work hard, —in götüne sokmak hi vulg. to insult (s.o.) by swearing crudely. — işemekle deniz pis/murdar olmaz. proverb, see İt değmekle deniz pis/ murdar olmaz. — itin ayağma/kuyruğuna basmaz, proverb (One cur does not tread on
ita
451
itibarlı
   the foot of another.) There’s honor among thieves. — ite (buyurur), it de kuyruğuna. proverb (A dog asks another to do something; the other dog asks its tail.) People pass the buck whenever they can. — iti suvatta bulur, proverb (One dog finds another at the watering trough.) Scoundrels have their hangouts where they can find one another. — izi at izine karışmak colloq. for a situation to be so confused that one can’t tell worthy peo- -pie from the worthless. — kağnı gölgesinde yürür de kendi gölgesi sanırmış, proverb (The dog walks beside the wagon and thinks its shadow is its own.) It is a stupid person who does not recognize how others have helped him/her in his/her accomplishments, —in kıçına sokmak III vulg., see itin götüne sokmak. — kırıntısı slang son of a bitch, bastard, jerk, —in kuyruğunda vulg. a hell of a lot of. — oğlu (it) vulg. son of a bitch, bastard. — e ot, ata et vermek colloq., see ata et, ite ot vermek. — i öldürene sürükletirler/sürütürler. proverb (When one kills a dog it’s his/her job to remove the carcass.) If someone spoils a piece of business it’s his/ her job to set it right, —in ölümü gelirse cami duvarına işer, proverb, see Eceli gelen köpek cami duvarına siyer, —in önüne ot, atın önüne et koymak colloq., see ata et, ite ot vermek. — sürüsü 1. pack of dogs. 2. colloq. mob of scoundrels, rabble. — sürüsü kadar colloq. a whole pack (of them).
   —   sürü, para/akçe kazan, proverb (Drag away dogs’ carcasses and earn money.) No honest work is shameful. — ulur, birbirini bulur, proverb (Dogs howl to find each other.) When a scoundrel starts shouting other scoundrels will rally round him. — ürür, kervan yürür, proverb (A dog barks but the caravan keeps going.) Progress cannot be stopped by the criticism of scoundrels.
   —   yatağı colloq. thieves’ hide-out. — le yatan bitle kalkar, proverb (He/She who goes to bed with dogs wakes up with lice on him/ her.) A person who associates with scoundrels will acquire their habits.
ita (-----) obs. disbursing, disbursement, paying
   out (money). — amiri disburser, civil servant authorized to disburse large sums of money.
   —   emri disbursement order. — etmek III to disburse, pay out (money).
itaat, -ti obedience. — etmek /a/ to obey, itaatli obedient, dutiful, itaatsiz disobedient; insubordinate, itaatsizlik disobedience; insubordination. — etmek to be disobedient; to be insubordinate, italik italic (type).
İtalya (./.) 1. Italy. 2. Italian, of Italy.
Italyan 1. (an) Italian. 2. Italian (person). 3.
. Italian, pertaining to Italians.
İtalyanca (../.) 1. Italian, the Italian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Italian, Italian. 3. Italian (speech/writing); spoken in Italian;
    written in Italian, itboğan bot. autumn crocus, meadow saffron, Colchicum autumnale. itburnu, -nu (/..) 1. rose hip, rose haw. 2. bot.
    dog rose, Rosa canina. itdirseği, -ni (.'...) path. sty. iteklemek hi colloq. to push roughly; to manhandle.
itelemek III 1. to keep on pushing; to force (an ' animal/s.o.) on; to shove, nudge. 2. phys. to repel.
itelenmek 1. to be shoved and pushed. 2. phys.
    to be repelled, itenek mech. piston, iterbiyum (./..) chem. ytterbium, itfa (.—) obs. 1. putting out, extinguishing, extinction. 2. damping (of an oscillatory movement). 3. redemption, amortization. — akçesi/bedeli sinking fund. — edilebilir redeemable. — etmek hi to pay off (a debt), redeem (a bond), itfaiye (.— ..) fire department, Brit, fire brigade.
    —      eri fireman, itfaiyeci (.—...) fireman, ithaf dedication. — etmek /ı, a/ to dedicate (s.t.) to.
ithal, -li 1. importation. 2. imported. — etmek hi to import. — izni import licence, import permit. — kotası import quota. — malı imported goods, ithalat, -ti (.—.) 1. imports. 2. importing, importation. — izni import licence, import permit. — kotası import quota. — vergisi import duty, import tax. ithalatçı (.— ..) importer, ithalatçılık (.— ...) import business, itham accusation, imputation. — etmek hi to accuse.
ithamname (..— .) law indictment, ithiyan, -m (/...) bot. bitter apple, colocynth, Citrullus colocynthis. itibar (—..) 1. esteem, consideration, regard, honor. 2. com. credit, —a almak hi to consider. —i bozulmak for (s.o.’s) commercial credit rating to drop, —dan düşmek to fall from esteem. — etmek /a/ to show consideration and respect (toward). — görmek
    1. to be respected. 2. to be in demand. — mektubu letter of credit. — ı olmak 1. to be held in esteem. 2. to have a good credit rating.
itibaren (—.—'.) /dan/ beginning from, from (a specified time) on: yarından itibaren from tomorrow on.
itibarıyla (—.-------'.) 1. from the point of view
    of, in respect to, as regards. 2. as of (a specified time), itibari (—.-------) com. 1. conventional. 2. nom-
    inal. — değer/kıymet nominal value, par value, face value. — ödeme nominal payment.
itibarlı (—...) 1. esteemed, valued; trusted; influential. 2. acceptable, redeemable (bill/
itibarsız
452
   draft). 3. (s.o.) who has a good credit rating, itibarsız (—...) unesteemed, itibarsızlık (—....) lack of esteem, itici 1. propulsive, thrusting. 2. colloq. repulsive, cold.
iticilik 1. being propulsive, propulsiveness. 2.
   colloq. being repulsive, repulsiveness, itidal, -li (—..) 1. moderation. 2. mildness, sobriety; composure, equanimity. — bulmak to become moderate, calm down, —ini kaybetmek to lose one’s temper, —ini muhafaza etmek to keep calm, not to lose one’s self-control. — sahibi calm, self-possessed, composed.
itidalli ( — ...) 1. moderate; calm. 2. mild (weather).
itidalsiz (—...) 1. immoderate; excitable, impulsive. 2. changeable, unpredictable (weather), itidalsizlik (—....) 1. extremeness, lack of moderation. 2. unpredictability (of weather), itikat (—..) 1. firm belief in God. 2. (a) conviction, (a) firm belief. — etmek /a/ firmly to believe in. itikatlı (—...) (s.o.) who has religious faith, itikatsız (—...) unbelieving, (s.o.) who is without religious faith, itikatsızlık (—....) lack of religious faith, itilaf ( —..) entente, mutual agreement. I — Devletleri hist, the Entente Powers, the Allies (in the First World War), itilim psych., see itilme, itilme 1. being pushed, being shoved. 2.Ya/ being induced (to do s.t.). 3. psych, repression, itilmek 1. to be pushed, be shoved. 2. /a/ to be induced (to do s.t.). 3. psych, to be repressed, itimat (—..) reliance, trust, confidence. — etmek /a/ to rely on, trust, itimatlı (—...) trustworthy, itimatname (—..— .) (ambassador’s) letter of credence.
itimatsızlık (—....) lack of trust, mistrust, itina (—.—) care, attention. — etmek/göstermek /a/ to take great care (in), take pains (with). — ile carefully, itinalı (—.— .) careful, painstaking (work), itinasiz (—.—.) careless, slipshod (work), itinasızlık (—.— ..) carelessness, negligence, itiraf (—..) confession, admission. — etmek hi to confess, admit, acknowledge, itiraz (—..) 1. objection, disapproval. 2. law protest. — etmek /a/ to object (to), raise an objection (against), itirazcı (—...) 1. (person) who always objects.
   2. habitual objector, itirazsız (—...) readily, without any objection, itişmek 1. to push one another. 2. to tussle, scuffle, itişip kakışmak colloq. to scuffle, ^ push and shove one another, itiştirmek /ı/ 1. vigorously to push and shove. 2. to cause (people/animals) to push each other.
itiyat (—..) habit. — etmek/edinmek /i/ to
   make a habit, get into the habit of.
itki psych, motive, drive, itlaf destruction. — etmek /ı/ to destroy, kill, itlik vulg. dirty trick, something low-down, itmek 1. hi to push, shove. 2. /i, a/ to compel, persuade, influence (s.o.) to (do s.t.). ite kaka colloq. 1. pushing and shoving. 2. with great difficulty, itriyum (/..) chem. yttrium, ittifak, -ki 1. alliance. 2. agreement, unanimity of purpose. İ— Devletleri hist, the Central Powers (in the First World War). — etmek to agree, be unanimous, ittifakla unanimously.
ittihat union. — etmek to unite. I— ve Terakki Cemiyeti the Committee for Union and Progress (1889-1918). ittihatçı hist, member of the Committee for Union and Progress, itüzümü, -nü (/...) bot. black nightshade, Solanımı nigrum. ivaz law consideration, ivdireç phys. accelerator, ivdirici accelerator (of an automobile or other vehicle), ivdirme acceleration.
ivdirmek hi 1. to hurry, urge on. 2. phys. to accelerate, ivecen impatient, impulsive, ivecenlik impatience, impulsiveness, ivedi 1. haste, hurry. 2. hasty. 3. urgent, ivedilenmek to hurry, ivedileşmek to become urgent, ivedileştirmek hi to speed up (work on a job), ivedili urgent.
ivedilik urgency. — le urgently, iveğen acute. — böbrek yetmezliği path, acute renal failure, ivgi prov. hatchet.
ivinti speed, quickness, rapidity. — yeri rapids (in a river), ivme 1. haste. 2. phys. acceleration, ivmek to hurry. İven kız ere varmaz, varsa da baht bulmaz, proverb A girl in a hurry won’t find a husband, or if she does she won’t find happiness, ivmeölçer (./..) accelerometer, iye possessor, owner.
iyelik possession, ownership. — düşmesi gram. the disappearance of the possessive suffix in the presence of certain other suffixes. — eki gram, possessive suffix. — zamiri gram. possessive pronoun, iyi 1. good. 2. plentiful, abundant. 3. in good health, well. I—si .... colloq. The best thing is .... — çalıştı belgesi (good) letter of recommendation (for an employee), —ye çekmek hi colloq. 1. to put a good interpretation on. 2. to consider (s.t.) to be a good omen.
    —  dilek good wishes. — dilekte bulunmak /a/ to wish (s.o.) well. — dost kara günde belli olur, proverb It’s when you’re in trouble that you learn who your real friends are. — durum belgesi certificate of good conduct.
iyice                                                453
   —   etmek 1. l\I to cure, heal. 2. to do the right thing; to act wisely. 3. hi slang to rob.
   4.  Ill slang to get even with (s.o.), give (s.o.) his/her comeuppance. — evlat babayı vezir, kötü evlat rezil eder, proverb A good son will make his father a vizier; a bad son will disgrace him. — gelmek /a/ 1. to suit, fit. 2.
   (for a medicine/a treatment) to help, be beneficial, work. 3. to bring good fortune. — gitmek 1. to go well. 2. /a/ to suit. — gözle bakmamak /a/ colloq. to have a bad opinion of. — gün good times, prosperity. — gün dostu colloq. fair-weather friend. — gün görmüş colloq. (s.o.) who knows what prosperity is, who has enjoyed prosperous times.
   —   hal belgesi/kâğıdı certificate of good conduct. — hoş amma .... colloq. That’s all very well but .... — huylu tümör path. benign tumor/neoplasm. — insan sözünün üstüne gelir, proverb A person who appears while he’s/she’s being talked about is a good person, —siniz inşallah, colloq. I hope you are well. — iş altı ayda çıkar, proverb (Good work takes six months to finish.) It takes time to do a job well. — iş belgesi good letter of recommendation (for an employee). — iş doğrusu! colloq. What a queer thing! —den iyiye colloq. thoroughly, completely. —ye iyi, kötüye kötü demek colloq. to call a spade a spade, speak plainly, be forthright. — kalpli goodhearted, kind. — ki .... colloq. It’s good that .../Fortunately ....
   —   kötü colloq. 1. somehow, in some way or other. 2. not bad, fairly good, —si mi .... colloq. The best thing to do is .... — nasihat verilir, iyi ad verilmez, proverb Good advice can be given, but not a good reputation. — olacak hastanın hekim ayağına gelir, proverb (If the patient’s destiny is to recover, the doctor will appear.) If it is fated for things to go well, they will go well. — oldu da/ki .... colloq. It’s good that .../Fortunately ....
   —   olmak 1. to recover. 2. (for s.t.) to go well, suit one’s purpose. 3. to be good, be favorable. — saatte olsunlar colloq. the djinns. — söylemek /için/ colloq. to praise.
iyice 1. pretty good, rather well, fairly good. 2.
   (./.) thoroughly, completely, carefully. — bilmek III to be sure, be certain (about), iyicelik convalescence, iyicene (./..) colloq. thoroughly, iyicil 1. benevolent, well-wishing. 2. path, be-
. .ni§n-
iyileşme 1. improvement, getting better. 2. recovery, getting well, iyileşmek 1. to get better, improve. 2. to recover (from illness), iyileştirilmek 1. to be made better. 2. to be cured.
iyileştirme med. treatment, cure, iyileştirmek /ı/ 1. to cure. 2. to make (s.t.) right;
   to repair, improve, iyilik 1. goodness. 2. kindness; favor. 3. good
                                                                                                           İZ
   health. 4. benefit, advantage. —le gently, kindly, softly. — bilmek colloq. not to forget a kindness done one. — bilmez colloq. ungrateful. —i dokunmak /a/ colloq. to be of help (to). — eden iyilik bulur, proverb A helpful person is helped when he/she needs it. — et denize at, balık bilmezse Halik bilir, proverb (Do a good deed and throw it in the ocean. Even if the fish don’t recognize it, God does.) Help others without expecting any reward: God will know about the good you have done. — et kele, övünsün ele. proverb (Do a favor to the bald person so that he/she can be proud of himself/herself before strangers.) 1. If you help an ungrateful person become more attractive he/she will probably not acknowledge your help. 2. Help someone to become more attractive to others.
   —  etmek /a/ to do (s.o.) a kindness. — görmek /dan/ to be treated with kindness/generosity by. — iki baştan olur, proverb (Helpfulness comes from two heads.) If two people wish to establish a good relationship, both of them must work to create it. — e iyilik her kişinin kârı, kötülüğe iyilik er kişinin kârı, proverb Anybody can return good for good, but only an exceptionally generous person returns good for evil. — e iyilik olsaydı, koca öküze bıçak olmazdı, proverb If good were returned for good, the hardworking ox would not be slaughtered when it gets old.
   —  e, “Nereye gidiyorsun?” demişler, “Kötülüğe,” demiş, pro verb (They asked the good, “Where are you going?” “To join the bad,” was the answer.) Sometimes the good is corrupted by the bad. — sağlık, colloq. Everything’s fine ./All’s well. — yapmak /a/ 1. to do (s.o.) a kindness. 2. slang to report (s.o.) to the police.
iyilikbilir (person) who doesn’t forget a kindness done him/her. iyilikçi see iyiliksever, iyilikçilik see iyilikseverlik, iyiliksever good, kind, benevolent (person), iyilikseverlik benevolence, iyimser 1. optimistic. 2. (an) optimist, iyimserlik optimism.
iyon phys., chem. ion. — demeti ion cluster, iyonik phys., chem. ionic, iyonlanma see iyonlaşma, iyonlaşma phys., chem. ionization, iyonlaşmak phys., chem. to ionize, become ionized.
iyonlaştırmak hi phys., chem. to ionize. İyonya (./.) 1. Ionia. 2. Ionian, of Ionia. İyonyalı (./..) 1. (an) Ionian. 2. Ionian (person), iyonyuvari, -ni (./...) ionosphere, iyot chem. iodine, iyotlama chem. iodization. iyotlamak hi chem. to iodize, iyotlu iodized; iodic, containing iodine, iz 1. footprint, track. 2. trace, mark, evidence, clue. 3. geom. trace, —ine basmak /in/ col-
izaç
454
İznik
   loq. to tail, follow, —i belirsiz olmak to be completely lost, leave no trace, —ine dönmek colloq. to reverse one’s decision, change one’s mind, —ine düşmek /m/ colloq. to trail, follow the trace of. —ini düşürmek /m/ geom. to project (a solid figure) on a plane, —ini kaybetmek /in/ colloq. to lose track (of), —ini kaybettirmek colloq. to cover one’s tracks, go into hiding. — i silinmek colloq. for nothing to be left to let one know that (s.o./s.t.) ever existed. — sürmek colloq. to follow a trail, —ini sürmek Iml colloq. to trail, follow, —ine uymak Iml colloq. to adopt the ideas and plans (of another), —inde/—inden yürümek Iml to follow the example (of another), izaç (.—) obs. vexation, worry. — etmek l\l to vex, annoy, harass, izafet, -ti (.—.) 1. phil. relativity. 2. gram, the relationship between two grammatically linked nouns, nominal annexation, izafeten (.— ..) /a/ (naming s.o./s.t.) after, in honor of.
izafi (.-----) 1. relative (concept/term). 2. phil.
   nominal. 3. phys. specific, izafilik (.— —.) relativeness, being relative, izafiyet, -ti (.— ..) relativity. — teorisi the theory of relativity, izah (—.) explanation. — etmek hi to explain, izahat, -ti (— —.) explanations, izale (.—.) obs. removal. — etmek hi to remove, wipe out, do away with, dispose of.
   —i şüyu law dividing up of an undivided property.
izam (—.) obs. exaggeration. — etmek hi to exaggerate.
izan obs. 1. intelligence, understanding. 2. consideration for others. — dedikçe uzanmak colloq. to pay no attention to others who ask one to be considerate. — etmek to be considerate.
izanlı 1. quick to understand, quick-witted, sharp. 2. sensitive to the needs of others, thoughtful.
                                                            izansız 1. slow to understand, slow. 2. insensitive, lacking in thoughtfulness/sympathy, izansızlık 1. slowness of understanding. 2. insensitivity, lack of thoughtfulness/sympathy, izbe 1. low and dark place, damp and dingy living quarters. 2. secluded, isolated, izbiro (./.) naut. rope sling (used in lifting cargo).
izci 1. boy scout; girl scout. 2. scout, izcilik scouting, izdem theme, izdeş follower, disciple, izdiham throng, crowd, crush, izdivaç marriage, matrimony. — etmek to get married.^— teklifi marriage proposal, izdüşüm (/..) 1. projection (on a screen). 2. projecting (of an image onto a screen). 3. geometric projection; perspective drawing, izdüşümsel (/...) math, projectional.
izdüşümü, -nü (/...) see izdüşüm, izdüşüren (/...) math, projective, izhar obs. manifestation, display, showing: — etmek III to show, reveal, display, izin, -zni 1. permission. 2. leave (of absence); vacation. 3. mil. discharge. — almak to get permission. — belgesi permit, certificate of permission. — e çıkmak to go on vacation:, take a vacation; to go on leave. — koparmak colloq. to get permission, —ini kullanmak to take one’s vacation; to use one’s leave. — vermek /a/ 1. to give permission. 2. mil. to discharge. 3. obs. to dismiss, fire, izinli 1. (s.o.) who has permission (to do s.t.). 2. (s.o.) who is on vacation/leave. 3. (doing s.t.) with permission, having gained permission to do so. izinsiz 1. (doing s.t.) without permission, without having permission to do so. 2. (a) detention (given to a student). 3. (student) who’s been given a detention, izinsizlik detention; campusing.
İzlanda (./.) 1. Iceland. 2. Icelandic, of Iceland. İzlandaca (./..) 1. Icelandic, the Icelandic, the Icelandic language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Icelandic, Icelandic. 3. Icelandic (speech/ writing); spoken in Icelandic; written in Icelandic.
İzlandalI (./..) 1. (an) Icelander. 2. Icelandic (person).
izlandalikeni, -ni (./....) bot. Iceland moss, Iceland lichen, Cetraria islandica. izlek prov. rough path, goat trail, track, izlem observation, following (the development of events), izlemci observer.
izlemcilik being an observer, observation, izleme 1. following. 2. watching, viewing; observing, observation. 3. elec., sound tracking.
   4.     comp, trace, tracing, izlemek III 1. to follow. 2. to watch, view; to observe.
                                                             izlence 1. schedule, plans, program. 2. radio program, broadcast. 3. TV program, show. 4. schedule of programs. 5. comp, program. 6. program (printed for a play, concert, etc.). izlendirmek III to make an impression (on), izlenim impression.
izlenimci art 1. (an) impressionist. 2. impressionistic, impressionist, izlenimcilik art impressionism, izlenmek 1. to be followed. 2. to get an impression.
izleyici 1. spectator; viewer. 2. chem. tracer, izmarit, -ti 1. zool. picarel, Spicara smaris. 2.
   (cigarette) butt, izmaritgiller zool. Maenidae. izmihlal, -li obs. annihilation, extinction, destruction.
İzmir (.'.) 1. Izmir (the ancient Smyrna). 2.
   slang a variety of dice.
İzmit (/.) İzmit (the ancient Nicomedia).
İznik (/.) İznik (the ancient Nicaea).
izobar
455
izzetinefis
izobar 1. isobar. 2. isobaric. — eğrisi isobar, isobaric line, izoelektrik isoelectric. — nokta chem. isoelectric point, izogami isogamy.
izohips geog. 1. having the same elevation. 2.
   contour line. — eğrisi contour line, izolasyon insulating (s.t.), insulation, izolatör insulator, a material/a body that insulates.
izole insulated, furnished with insulation. — bant electric tape, friction tape. — etmek hi to insulate (s.t.). izomer chem. isomeric, isomerous, exhibiting isomerism, izomeri chem. isomerism, izomerik chem. isomeric, of or relating to
    isomerism, izometri isometry. izometrik isometric, isometrical. izomorf isomorph. izomorfik isomorphic, izomorfizm isomorphism, izoterm 1. isothermal, isothermic. 2. isotherm.
    —      eğrisi isotherm, isothermal line, izotip, -pi isotype, izoton isotone, izotonik isotonic, izotop, -pu isotope.
izzet, -ti glory, greatness; excellence; honor. —ü ikbal ile! obs. Good-bye! (said to a departing guest). —ü ikram entertaining (s.o.) royally, izzetinefis, -fsi        self-respect.
J
J 1. the letter J. 2. phys. J (joule), jagar see jaguar, jaguar zool. jaguar, Felis onca. jakar Jacquard loom, jaketatay cutaway, cutaway coat, jako (/.) zool. gray parrot, African gray, Psit-tacus erithacus. jaluzi (a) Venetian blind.
 Jamayka (./.) 1. Jamaica. 2. Jamaican, of Jamaica.
Jamaykali (./..) 1. (a) Jamaican. 2. Jamaican (person), jambon ham (as a food), jandarma (./.) 1. police soldier, gendarme. 2.
    the corps of gendarmes, gendarmerie, jandarmalık (./..) 1. the duty of a. gendarme. 2. colloq. trying to get something for nothing by a show of force. 3. policing, janjan iridescent, shot, changeable, chatoyant (fabric).
                                                       janjanlı colloq. iridescent, shot, changeable, chatoyant (fabric), jant, -ti rim (of a wheel). — kapağı hubcap. Japon 1. (a) Japanese. 2. Japanese, of Japan. 3. Japanese, pertaining to the Japanese or their language. 4. slang a fifty-lira bill.
 japonakçaağacı, -ni (./.......) bot. Japanese
    maple, full-moon maple, Acer palmatum. japonayvasi, -m (./...) bot. Japanese quince, japonica, Chaenomeles lagenaria. japonböceği, -ni (./...) zool. Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica.
 Japonca (./.) 1. Japanese, the Japanese language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Japanese, Japanese. 3. Japanese (speech/writing); spoken in Japanese; written in Japanese, japone used in: — kol tailor, short and slightly puffed sleeve cut in one piece with the bodice.
japongülü, -nü (./..) bot. 1. hibiscus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. 2. camellia, Camellia. japonhurmasi, -ni (./...) bot., see trabzon-hurmasi.
 japonsarmaşığı, -ni (./....) bot. Japanese ivy, Ampelopsis tricuspidata.
Japonya (./.^ 1. Japan. 2. Japanese, of J.apan. Japonyali (./..) 1. (a) Japanese. 2. Japanese (person), jardiniyer plant stand, jardiniere, jarse 1. jersey cloth. 2. jersey, made of jersey, jartiyer garter.
Javel suyu, -nu Javelle water, Javel water, jelatin 1. gelatin. 2. cellophane paper, cello-
    phane. — kâğıdı cellophane paper, cellophane, jelatinli gelatinous, jeloz agar-agar.
jeneratör 1. generator. 2. boiler, jenerik (film) credits, jenosit, -ti genocide.
jeobotanik 1. geobotany, phytogeography. 2. geobotanical, phytogeographical, phytogeographic, jeodezi geodesy.
jeodezik geodesic. — kubbe arch, geodesic dome.
jeodinamik 1. geodynamics. 2. geodynamic, geodynamical. jeofizik geophysics, jeofizikçi geophysicist, jeohidroloji geohydrology, jeokimya (...—) geochemistry, jeolog geologist, jeoloji geology, jeolojik geologic, geological, jeomorfolog geomorphologist, jeomorfoloji geomorphology (as a science), jeopolitik 1. geopolitics. 2. geopolitical, jeosantrik geocentric, jeosantrizm geocentricism. jeosenklinal, -li geosyncline, geosynclinal, jeosfer geosphere.
jeotermal geothermal, geothermic. — enerji geothermal energy, jeotermik geothermic, geothermal, jeotropizma (.../.) bot. geotropism. jest, -ti 1. gesture, sign, signal. 2. nice gesture, beau geste.
jet, -ti jet airplane, jet. — sosyete colloq. the jet set.
jeton token, slug (metal piece used in pay phones and turnstiles). — düştü, slang Now it’s registered ./Now I get it ./Brit. The penny has dropped. — geç düştü, slang It took a while for me/you/him/her to catch on. jigle auto., see jikle, jigolo (./.) gigolo, jikle auto, choke, jiklet, -ti chewing gum. jile 1. jumper, sleeveless dress worn over a blouse. 2. gilet. jilet, -ti (safety) razor blade, jiletlemek /ı/ to cut (s.t.) with a razor blade, jimnastik 1. calisthenics. 2. gymnastics (as an art). 3. calisthenic, calisthenical. 4. gymnastic, gymnastical. — ayakkabısı gym shoe.
jimnastikçi                                      457
   —      yapmak 1. to do calisthenics. 2. to perform gymnastic feats, jimnastikçi 1. gymnast. 2. gymnastics coach, jinekolog gynecologist, jinekoloji gynecology, jips geol. gypsum, parget, jiroskop, -pu gyroscope, gyro, jiujitsu (../.) sports jujitsu, jujutsu, jiujitsu, jiujutsu, jogging, -gi see joging. joging, -gi jogging (as an exercise). — yapmak to jog (for exercise), joker 1. playing cards joker. 2. comp, wild card, jokey jockey.
jorjet, -ti 1. georgette, georgette crepe. 2. georgette, made of georgette, jöle 1. jello, Brit, jelly. 2. gelatinized meat broth, jön 1. handsome and dashing young man. 2.
   theat. (male) juvenile lead, jönprömiye theat. (male) juvenile lead.
Jöntürk (/.) hist. 1. (a) Young Turk. 2. Young Turk, of the Young Turks, judo (/.) sports judo.
judocu (/..) sports judoka, one skilled in judo.
                                                                                                               jüt
jul, -lü phys. joule.
Jura (/.) geol. Jurassic. — devri the Jurassic period, the Jurassic.
                                                              Jurasik geol. 1 the Jurassic period, the Jurassic.
                                                              2. Jurassic, pertaining to the Jurassic period, jurnal, -li 1. report (of an informer). 2. diary.
    —      etmek III to inform on, denounce, report, jurnalci informer, police spy, undercover man. jurnalcilik informing, acting as a police spy. jurnallemek hi to inform on, denounce, report, jübe arch. 1. rood screen, jube. 2. rood loft, jube. jübile jubilee.
Jülyen used in: — dönemi Julian period. — takvimi the Julian calendar. — yılı Julian year.
Jüpiter (./.) astr. Jupiter, jüpon underskirt.
jüri (/.) 1. judges’ panel, panel of judges; selection committee; evaluation committee. 2. law jury. — başkanı law foreman. — kararı law verdict. — üyesi law juror, jüt, -tü 1. jute, jute fiber. 2. bot. the jute plant, Corchorus capsularis.
K
K 1. the letter K. 2. chem. K (potassium). — vitamini vitamin K.
K. (abbr. for Kuzey) N. (North, Northern).
kaba 1. rough, coarse. 2. vulgar, rude. 3. rough (calculation/guess). 4. crudely made. 5. having coarse grains. 6. puffy, puffed up; thick (carpet). 7. colloq. buttocks. — sini almak Iml colloq. 1. to give (a place) a lick and a promise. 2. to clean up (s.t.) quickly. 3. to give (s.t.) a rough form, roughhew. — duvar wall of rough masonry. — et colloq. buttocks. — iş a piece of crude workmanship.
   —   kâğıt coarse wrapping paper. — saba colloq. 1. coarse, vulgar. 2. careless, sloppy (work). — sofu colloq. religious bigot in the extreme. — şiş colloq. mumps, parotitis. — toprak freshly dug soil. — un coarse flour.
   —   zurna a Turkish instrument resembling a bass oboe.
kababurun (./..) zool. a fish resembling a dace/ a loach.
*kabaca 1. somewhat grown up; biggish. 2. rather crude; rather roughly done.
2kabaca (./.) 1. in a rude way, grossly. 2. roughly, approximately.
kabadayı (./..) 1. swaggering, rough-and-ready fellow, tough guy. 2. tough, gutsy; manly. 3. swaggering. 4. colloq. the best (of anything).
kabadayılık (./...) 1. swaggering toughness. 2. acting tough. — etmek to behave in a tough, swaggering way. —- taslamak to play the tough.
kabahat, -ti 1. fault, offense. 2. misdemeanor.
   —   atmak /a/ colloq. to accuse (s.o.), charge (s.o.) with a fault. — bende, colloq. It’s my fault. — bulmak /da/ to find fault (with).
   —   etmek/işlemek to do something wrong; to violate a rule. — öldürende değil, ölendedir. (Kabahat ölende mi, öldürende mi?) proverb (İt is not the murderer who is at fault; it’s his/her victim.) Sometimes one person goads another to murder him/her. — samur kürk olsa kimse sırtına almaz, proverb (Even if guilt were a sable coat nobody would accept it.) Nobody will willingly admit that he’s/she’s the guilty party. — yapmak see kabahat etmek/işlemek, —i yüklemek /a/ to blame.
kabahatli guilty, at fault, in the wrong. — çıkarmak hi to show (s.o.) to be the guilty party. — çıkmak to be found to be at fault, be found guilty.
kabahatlilik being at fault, guiltiness.
kabahatsiz not to blame, innocent, kabahatsizlik innocence, blamelessness, kabak 1. bot. squash, Cucurbita; vegetable marrow, zucchini; pumpkin; gourd. 2. slang hashish pipe. 3. colloq. boorish, awkward.
   4.    colloq. tasteless, unripe (watermelon/musk-melon). 5. colloq. bald. — bastısı stewed vegetable marrow. — başıııa/başında patlamak colloq. to bear the brunt of something; to catch the blame for something. — çekirdeği pumpkin seed. — çekmek slang to smoke hashish. — çıkmak colloq. (for a watermelon/a muskmelon) to turn out to be unripe. — çiçeği gibi açılmak colloq. to start behaving too unconstrainedly. — dolması stuffed squash. — gibi colloq. 1. bald. 2. bare. 3. tasteless. — kafalı colloq. 1. bald. 2. having a shaved head. 3. stupid. — kalyası squash cooked in butter. — kızartması fried squash. — meltemi a May wind. — musakkası a dish made with squash, ground meat, and onions. — tadı vermek colloq. to become boring, become uninteresting, lose its appeal. — tatlısı a dessert prepared with boiled pumpkin, walnuts, and sugar, kabakgiller bot. Cucurbitaceae. kabaklama III pruning (a tree) back to its trunk, kabaklamak hi to prune (a tree) back to its trunk.
kabaklaşma colloq. going bald, kabaklaşmak colloq. to go bald, kabaklık colloq. 1. unripeness (in a watermelon/ a muskmelon). 2. boorishness, awkward manners. 3. baldness, kabakulak path, mumps, parotitis.
Kabala (./.) Judaism the Cabala, kabala (./.) esoteric doctrine, cabala, kabalak a headgear worn by Ottoman soldiers in the First World War. kabalaşma 1. becoming rough/coarse. 2. acting rudely. 3. using coarse language, kabalaşmak 1. to become rough/coarse. 2. to act rudely. 3. to use coarse language, kabalaştırma hi making (s.t./s.o.) rough/coarse/ crude.
kabalaştırmak hi to make (s.t./s.o.) rough/ coarse/crude, kabalık 1. roughness, lack of finish. 2. coarseness, vulgarity. — etmek 1. to behave rudely.
   2.    to use coarse language, kaballama timbering, propping (in mines), kaban 1. hooded jacket. 2, half-length coat, jacket.
kabara
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kabli
kabara (./.) 1. hobnail. 2. ornamental brass -headed stud, kabaralı (./..) 1. hobnailed. 2. ornamented with brass-headed studs, kabarcık 1. blister, med. bulla, bleb. 2. pimple, pustule. 3. bubble, kabarcıklarıma 1. breaking out in blisters/pimples. 2. blistering (of paint), becoming blistered.
kabarciklanmak 1. to break out in blisters/ pimples. 2. (for paint) to blister, becdme blistered.
kabarcıklı 1. blistered. 2. pimply. — düzeç spirit level.
                           kabare cabaret, nightclub with a revue as entertainment. — tiyatrosu cabaret theater, kabşrık 1. swollen, puffed up. 2. blistered. 3. fluffy. 4. sticking out /up, bulging out/up. — deniz high tide, kabarıklık 1. blister. 2. swelling; puffiness, kabarma 1. swelling up, becoming puffed up; becoming fluffy. 2. bubbling up (of a liquid).
   3.    rising (of bread). 4. increase (in expenses/ figures). 5. standing on end, bristling. 6. fuzzing out, becoming linty/nappy (of cloth/ fiber). 7. blistering (of paint). 8. coming (of dirt in the skin) to the surface in rolls. 9. colloq. being full of o.s., being puffed up with self-importance. 10. colloq. acting tough. 11. getting rough (of the sea). 12. high tide. — alçalma the tide, kabarmak 1. to swell up, become puffed up; to become fluffy. 2. (for a liquid) to bubble up. 3. (for bread) to rise. 4. (for expenses/ figures) to increase, swell. 5. to stand on end, bristle. 6. (for cloth/fiber) to fuzz out, become linty/nappy. 7. (for paint) to blister. 8. (for dirt in the skin) to come to the surface in rolls. 9. colloq. to be full of o.s., be puffed up with self-importance. 10. colloq. to act tough. 11. (for the sea) to get rough, kabartı 1. swollen place, bulge. 2. blister, kabartma 1. /i/ making (s.t.) swell/puff up/rise. 2. bas-relief. 3. relief, relievo. 4. relief, in relief. — deri embossed leather. — harita relief model, kabartmak /ı/ to make (s.t.) swell/puff up/rise, kabartmalı embossed, ornamented with a raised design or relief, kabasakal (..'..) colloq. (s.o.) who has a bushy beard.
kabataslak (./..) 1. roughly sketched out, roughly outlined. 2. in rough outline, kabayonca (./..) bot. alfalfa, Brit, lucerne, Medicago sativa.
Kâbe (—.) Islam the Kaaba. — i muazzama the Kaaba. — örtüsü the black cloth covering the Kaaba. — toprağı soil from Mecca brought back by a hadji. kabız, -bzı 1. constipation. 2. constipated. — olmak 1. to be constipated. 2. slang to be unemployed. 3. slang to be nonplussed, be at a loss for words.
 kabızlık constipation. — çekmek to suffer from constipation.
Kâbil (—.) Kabul (the capital of Afghanistan). Kabü (—.) Islam Cain.
 *kabil (—.) 1. possible, feasible, practicable. 2. obs. obstetrician, accoucheur. — i af law pardonable. —i akis obs. convertible, reversible. — değil .... colloq. impossible, out of the question: Kabil değil, randevu alamadım. My getting an appointment was out of the question. —i devir law transferable. —i iptal law voidable. — i kismet law divisible.
    —i rücu law reversible, revocable. — i tahakkuk obs. realizable. — i taksim law divisible. —i tedavül obs. negotiable. — i tefrik law severable, separable. — i telif obs. compatible. — i temyiz law appealable. 2kabil sort, kind, category: Bu kabil işleri sevmem. I don’t like jobs of this sort. O kabilden bir maceraydı, işte. That’s the sort of adventure it was. —inden 1. (s.t.) which resembles, which is like, which is along the lines of: rakı kabilinden bir içki a drink resembling raki. 2. as: Onu tenkit kabilinden söylemedim. I didn’t say that as a criticism.
 labile (—..) obs. midwife.
 2kabile (.—.) 1. sociol. clan; tribe. 2. obs., bot.
    genus. — reisi tribal chieftain, kabiliyet, -ti (—...) ability, capability, competence. —i ahiz obs., phil. receptivity, kabiliyetli (—....) able, capable, competent. — çırak ustayı geçer (ustadan usta olur). proverb (An able apprentice can surpassjıis/ her master.) Skill is not necessarily a ^monopoly of the old hands, kabiliyetsiz (—....) lacking in ability, incompetent.
 kabiliyetsizlik (—......) incompetence, incapa-
    bility.
 kabin 1. cabin (of an airplane/a ship). 2. changing cubicle (at a beach/in a store). 3. (telephone) booth. — memuru airline steward/ stewardess.
 kabine 1. cabinet, council of ministers. 2. (doctor’s) consulting room. 3. changing cubicle (at a beach/in a store). 4. toilet, toilet room, lavatory. — çekilmek for a government to resign. — düşmek for a government to fall.
    —     toplantısı cabinet meeting, kabineto obs. 1. cabinet, council of ministers.
    2.    cabin (on a ship), kabir, -bri grave, tomb. — azabı çekmek colloq. to suffer greatly. — suali sormak colloq. to pester someone with exasperating questions.
 kablelmilat (..— .) obs. 1. before Christ, B.C. (iused of time). 2. the eras before the coming of Christ.
kablettarih (..— .) obs. prehistoric times, kablezzeval, -li (...—) obs. before noon, kablezzuhr obs. before noon, kabli (.—) obs., phil. a priori.
kablo
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kaçarula
kablo (/.) (utility) cable/line/cord; extension cord. — çekmek to string out a utility line.
    —  döşemek to lay down a utility line (in the earth); to lay cable (in the sea). — gemisi cable ship. — lu televizyon cable television, cable TV.
kabotaj cabotage. — gemisi coaster, coasting vessel.
Kabo Verde see Kap Verd. kabristan cemetery, graveyard, kabuk 1. outer covering. 2. bark. 3. rind, peel, skin, hull (of a fruit); pod, husk (of a vegetable/grain); shell (of a nut). 4. (shellfish) shell. 5. eggshell. 6. crust. 7. scab (of a wound). 8. anat. cortex. — bağlamak to form a crust/a scab. — una çekilmek colloq. to withdraw into one’s shell; to refuse to associate with others, —unu soymak Iml to peel, strip, skin, kabukböcekleri, -ni (./....) zool. the bark beetles, Scolytidae. kabuklanma 1. forming a scab, scabbing. 2.
    growing bark, forming a bark, kabuklanmak 1. to form a scab, scab. 2. to grow bark, form a bark, bark, kabuklu 1. (s.t.) that has a shell/skin/bark. 2.
    crustaceous. 3. slang uncircumcised, kabuklubit, -ti (../.) zool. cochineal insect, Dactylopius coccus. kabuklubitler (../..) zool. Coccidae. kabuklular zool. Crustacea. kabuksal cortical, kabuksu corticose.
kabuksuz 1. peeled; shelled. 2. without bark.
    3. without a shell. 4. slang circumcised. — yumurtlatmak hi colloq. to hurry (s.o.) so much that he/she does his/her work incompletely.
kabul, -lü 1. acceptance; assent; acquiescence. 2. receiving (s.o.). K—. I accept it ./I agree./
    I  assent. — ümdür. 1 willingly give my consent. — edilmek 1. to be accepted. 2. to be received (into s.o.’s presence). — etmek hi
    1. to accept; to consent, agree to; to acquiesce in. 2. to receive (s.o.). — ettirmek /ı, a/ to get (s.t.) accepted by. — günü 1. day when a lady is at home to receive her friends.
    2. at-home, informal party given at one’s home. — kredisi acceptance credit. — odası official reception room. — ü olmak to give one’s consent willingly. — olunmayacak duaya âmin demek colloq. to expect the impossible. — salonu reception room. — ve tasdik etmek hi to approve, ratify.
kabullenme 1. hi appropriating (s.t.) for o.s.; appropriation of another’s property as one’s own. 2. hi accepting unwillingly, complying with unwillingly, kabullenmek h! 1. to appropriate (s.t.) for o.s. 2. to accept unwillingly, comply with unwillingly.
kaburga (./.) 1. anat. rib cage. 2. anat. rib. 3. frame (of a timber ship). 4. arch, rib (of a
    vault), —lar arası anat. intercostal. —Ian çıkmak colloq. to be all skin and bones. — kemiği anat. rib. —lan sayılmak colloq., see kaburgaları çıkmak, kaburgalı (./..) anat. (animal/thing) which has ribs; ribbed. — tonoz arch, ribbed vault, kâbus (—.) nightmare. — basmak/çökmek /a/ to have a nightmare, kâbuslu (—..) 1. (time) of nightmares. 2. nightmarish, dreadful, kabza 1. handle, butt (of a weapon). 2. slang a handful of hashish. — siperi hilt guard, kabzımal fruit and vegetable wholesaler, kabzımallık the wholesale fruit and vegetable business.
kaç, -çı How many ...?/How many? —a? What is the price?/How much is it? —a kaç? What’s the score?/How does the game stand? —m kurası colloq. an old hand, someone not easily fooled, —a mal oldu? How much did it cost? — para eder? colloq. What’s it good for?/How far will it get you? — paralık adam/şey ki? colloq. He’s/it’s good for nothing, I tell you. — parça olayım? colloq. (How many pieces shall I be?/How shall I divide myself?) I wonder which of all these jobs I should tackle first? — tane? How many? — yaşında? How old is he/she? — zamandır for a long time now. kaçaburuk shoemaker’s awl. kaçak 1. runaway, fugitive (person); truant (pupil); AWOL (soldier); illegally employed. 2. contraband, smuggled. 3. illegal, illegally done. 4. leak, leakage. 5. illegally; as contraband. — av poaching; hunting out of season.
   —   avcı poacher; out-of-season hunter. — eşya see kaçak mal. — inşaat unlicensed construction. — kat a floor added to a building illegally. — kesim unlicensed butchering (of cattle). — mal smuggled goods. — yapmak (for fluid/gas/electricity) to leak.
                                                           kaçakçı smuggler. — gemisi smuggler’s ship, kaçakçılık 1. smuggling. 2. dealing in contraband goods. — yapmak 1. to smuggle. 2. to deal in contraband goods, kaçaklık avoiding a legal obligation; being a fugitive; desertion; truancy.
‘kaçamak 1. doing something forbidden; doing something one shouldn’t do. 2. pretext, excuse; loophole. 3. refuge, safe place. 4. sheepfold. 5. secret back gate, postern (of a fortress). — yapmak to do something forbidden; to do something one shouldn’t do.
   —   yol pretext, excuse.
2kaçamak dish made with cornmeal, water, and butter.
kaçamaklı evasive, elusive, noncommittal. Kaçar 1. (a) Kajar. 2. Kajar, of the Kajars. kaçar How many ... each?: Herkes kaçar muz yedi? How many bananas each did everyone eat? — kaçar? How many ... in each group?/ How many ... at a time? kaçarula (../.) saucepan; casserole.
 kaçgöç                                            461
kaçgöç, -çü the practice whereby some Muslim women veil their faces and avoid contact with men not related to them, kaçık 1. colloq. cracked, rather batty, a bit crazy.
   2.     (stocking) that has a run in it. 3. run, Brit. ladder (in a stocking). 4. crooked, leaning, kaçıklık colloq. being rather batty; behaving a bit crazily.
kaçıköz (./.) bot. asymmetric development of a tree because of environmental interference, kaçılmak 1. impersonal passive to run away, escape. 2. colloq. to get out of the way. kaçımsama /dan/ looking for an excuse to avoid (doing s.t.). kaçımsamak /dan/ to look for an excuse to avoid (doing s.t.). kaçımsar evasive.
kaçıncı (in an ordinal series) Which ...?: Kaçıncı sınıftasın? What grade are you in? kaçınık reclusive, withdrawing, kaçınılma /dan/ being avoided, kaçınılmak /dan/ to be avoided, kaçınılmaz inevitable, unavoidable, ineluctable, kaçınma 1. /dan/ avoiding, getting out of; evasion. 2. a woman’s veiling herself and avoiding contact with men not related to her. kaçınmak /dan/ 1. to avoid, get out of. 2. (for a woman) to avoid the company of (men), kaçmtı leakage, leak.
kaçırılma 1. being kidnapped; being abducted; abduction (of a girl); being hijacked. 2. (a vehicle’s/an opportunity’s) being missed, kaçırılmak 1. to be kidnapped; (for a girl) Ip be abducted; to be hijacked. 2. (for a vehicle/ an opportunity) to be missed, kaçırma 1. /ı/ kidnapping; abducting, carrying off, abduction; hijacking. 2. hi helping (s.o.) escape; letting (s.o.) escape. 3. hi putting an . end to, spoiling, upsetting (one’s sleep/ pleasure/peace of mind). 4. hi missing (a vehicle/a chance). 5. hi missing seeing (a person, because he/she has left). 6. hi causing (s.o.) to go away. 7. hi smuggling. 8. h! evading (taxes); evasion. 9. hi colloq. carrying (s.t.) to an extreme, taking (s.t.) too far.
   10. colloq. going mad, going off one’s nut.
   11. hi overlooking, missing, omitting. 12. hi leaking (oil/water/gas); losing (electricity).
   13. /a/ wetting/soiling (one’s underwear).
kaçırmak 1. hi to kidnap; to abduct, carry off; to hijack; to steal. 2. hi to help (s.o.) escape; to let (s.o.) escape. 3. hi to put an end to, spoil, upset (one’s sleep/pleasure/peace of mind). 4. hi to miss (a vehicle/a chance). 5. hi to miss seeing (a person, because he/she has left). 6. hi to cause (s.o.) to go away. 7. hi to smuggle. 8. hi to evade (taxes). 9. hi colloq. to carry (s.t.) to an extreme, take (s.t.) too far. 10. colloq. to go mad, go off one’s nut. 11. hi to overlook, miss, omit. 12. hi to leak (oil/water/gas); to lose (electricity).-13.
                                                          /a/ (for s.o.) to wet/soil (his/her underwear), kaçırtma /a, ı/ 1. having (s.o.) kidnap/abduct/
                                                                                        kaçmak
   carry off/hijack/steal (s.t./s.o.). 2. having (s.o.) help (another) to escape. 3. causing (s.o.) to miss (a vehicle/a chance). 4. causing (s.o.) to miss seeing (another). 5. having (s.o.) smuggle (s.t.). 6. causing (s.o.) to overlook/miss/omit (s.t.). kaçırtmak /a, ı/ 1. to have (s.o.) kidnap/abduct/ carry off/hijack/steal (s.t./s.o.). 2. to have (s.o.) help (another) to escape. 3. to cause (s.o.) to miss (a vehicle/a chance). 4. to cause (s.o.) to miss seeing (another). 5. to have (s.o.) smuggle (s.t.). 6. to cause (s.o.) to overlook/miss/omit (s.t.). kaçış 1. flight, escape; desertion. 2. passing someone (in a footrace), kaçışma running away in various directions, kaçışmak to run away in various directions, kaçkın deserter; fugitive; truant, kaçlı 1. How many (will it hold)?: Bu kutular kaçlı? How many will these boxes hold? 2. of what value?: Bu iskambil kaçlı? How many points is this card worth? 3. What’s his/her year (of birth/graduation)?: Kaçlı-smiz? What year were you born in? kaçlık 1. worth how much?: Kaçlık kitap istiyorsunuz? How much do you want to pay for a book? 2. of what size?: Kaçlık paket aldm? What size packet did you buy? 3. of what age?: Bu adam kaçlık? How old is this man?
kaçma 1. /dan/ escaping (from), fleeing; deserting; running away (from); skipping out of; sneaking off from. 2. escape, flight; desertion. 3./dan/ getting out of, avoiding, shirking (an obligation). 4. /dan/ avoiding, staying away from (s.o./a place). 5. /dan/ leaking out (of); leaking (of liquid/gas); escaping (of electricity) from (s.t.). 6. running, Brit, laddering (of a stocking). 7. /a/ slipping into, getting into, penetrating (one’s eye/one’s ear/ a container). 8. /a/ slipping to (one side). 9. disappearing, going away without saying good-bye. 10. /la/ eloping with. 11. running fast. 12. disappearing/vanishing/going away (of one’s sleep/peace of mind/good mood). 13. /a/ tending toward, verging on, being tinted with (exaggeration/malice/another color). 14. colloq. seeming (rude/inopportune). 15. colloq. turning out (well/badly), kaçmak 1. /dan/ to escape (from), flee; to desert; to run away (from); to skip out of; to sneak off from. 2. /dan/ to get out of, avoid, shirk (an obligation). 3. /dan/ to avoid, stay away from (s.o./a place). 4. /dan/ (for liquid/ gas) to leak, leak out (of); (for electricity) to escape from (s.t.). 5. (for a stocking) to run, Brit, ladder. 6. /a/ (for water/dust/an insect) to slip into, get into, penetrate (one’s eye/ one’s ear/a container). 7. /a/ to slip to (one side). 8. to disappear, go away without saying good-bye. 9. /la/ to elope with. 10. to run fast. 11. (for one’s sleep/peace of mind/good mood) to disappear, vanish, go away. 12. /a/
kaçmaz
462
kadın
   to tend toward, verge on, be tinted with (exaggeration/malice/another color). 13. colloq. to seem (rude/inopportune). 14. colloq. to turn out (well/badly). Kaçanın anası ağlamamış. proverb (The mother of the one who ran away didn’t weep.) It pays to play it safe. Kaçan balık büyük olur, proverb (The fish that gets away gets bigger.) One always imagines the thing one has missed to be better than it actually was. kaçacak delik aramak colloq. to look for a place to hide, kaçmaktan kovalamaya/kovmaya vakti olmamak (vakit bulamamak, eli değmemek) colloq. to be so busy with important matters that one has no time for lesser things. Kaçanı kovmazlar/kovalamazlar, yıkılanı vurmazlar. proverb (They don’t pursue those who flee, nor strike a person who falls down.) It is dishonorable to try to crush those who have clearly given up the fight, kaçmaz runproof, non-running, Brit, non-lad-dering (stocking), kadana (./.) big horse. — gibi colloq. tall and massively built (woman), kadar 1. as ... as: fil kadar büyük as big as an elephant. 2. as much as: O yapabildiği kadar yaptı. She did as much as she could. 3. /a/ up to, as far as (a place); until, up to (a time); by (a time); within (a time). 4. it’s as if, consider that: Sağ olunuz, bir fincan içmiş kadar oldum. Thanks; consider me as having drunk a cup just the same. 5. so ... (that): O kadar üzüldü ki .... She was so sad that .... 6. amount; much: O kadar ver. Give that amount. 7. about, approximately: Yirmi kişi kadar geldi. About twenty people came. ... şu — ... more than, over: yüz şu kadar kitap over a hundred books, kadastro (./.) cadastral survey, —sunu çıkarmak Iml to make a cadastral survey of (an area). — dairesi government office where cadastral records are kept. — ya geçmek (for property) to be registered in a cadastre. — haritası cadastral map. — krokisi cadastral sketch. — memuru 1. official who surveys and appraises land. 2. official in an office for cadastral records. — planı cadastral plan, kadavra (./.) cadaver.
kadayıf any of several desserts (i.e. telkadayif, ekmekkadayıfı, yassıkadayıf). kadayıfçı maker/seller of kadayıf, kaddükamet, -ti (..— .) obs. form and stature, figure and stature: kaddükameti mevzun bir kadın a fine figure of a woman, kadeh 1. goblet; wineglass; liqueur glass. 2. bot. calyx. — kaldırmak to raise one’s glass in a toast. — tokuşturmak to clink glasses in a toast.
kadehçik bot. cupule; acorn cup. kadem 1. obs. foot (unit of length). 2. good luck.
                                                       kademe 1. rank, level, grade, position. 2. mil. echelon. — kademe 1. step by step, by de-
   grees. 2. mil. in echelons, kademeleme hi 1. lining up (people) in graded ranks; lining up (things) in gradation. 2. drawing up (troops) in echelons, kademelemek hi 1. to line up (people) in graded ranks; to line up (things) in gradation. 2. to draw up (troops) in echelons, kademelendirme hf separating into graded ranks.
kademelendirmek hi to separate into graded ranks.
kademelenme being separated into graded ranks.
kademelenmek to be separated into graded ranks.
kademeli 1. graded, gradated. 2. mil. in echelons.
kademhane (..—.) obs. privy, latrine, outhouse, kademli lucky, kademsiz unlucky, kademsizlik unluckiness, kader fate, destiny. — birliği sharing a common fate. — böyle imiş, colloq. That is the way it was fated to be. —in cilvesi colloq. a twist of fate, —in garip cilvesi colloq. a strange twist of fate, —ine küsmek colloq. to curse one’s fate. —de olmak colloq. to be fated to be. — olmayınca kadir bilinmez, proverb If a person doesn’t have good luck his/her virtues remain undiscovered. — de varmış. colloq. That is the way it was fated to be. kaderci phil. 1. (a) fatalist. 2. fatalistic, kadercilik phil. fatalism, kadi qadi, kadi, kadhi. — anlatışa göre fetva verir, proverb (The judge’s decision is determined by the lawyer’s presentation of the case.) A guilty person with a smooth tongue can get himself/herself declared innocent. — ekmeğini karınca yemez, proverb (An ant won’t touch a judge’s bread.) 1. Anybody who steals from a judge will most surely be punished. 2. The property of a judge is considered untouchable since it is the fruit of extortion and bribes. — kızı Kadire, geldi çıktı sedire, colloq. (Kadire, the judge’s daughter, came in and sat on the sofa.) She thinks she’s too good to help with the work.
   —     yoran colloq. obstinate, stubborn. Kadıköy (./.) an Istanbul suburb (the ancient Chalcedon).-kadıköytaşı, -m (./...) chalcedony, kadılık 1. quality/rank/functions of a qadi. 2.
   administrative district of a qadi. kadm 1. woman. 2. woman who has lost her virginity. 3. prov., a title used after the names of older women. 4. colloq. cleaning woman; maid. 5. Ott. hist, a wife of the sultan. 6. colloq. good at housekeeping. — ağızlı colloq. garrulous and gossipy (man). — ana prov. mother-in-law. — avcısı colloq. lady -killer, wolf. — bağı sanitary napkin. — berberi hairdresser. — çamaşırı lingerie. — doktoru colloq. gynecologist. — düşkünü
kadınbudu
 463
kadük
   colloq. 1. skirt-chaser, womanizer. 2. skirt -chasing, womanizing. — düşmanı colloq. woman hater, misogynist. — efendi Ott. hist. a wife of the sultan. — lı erkekli colloq. (a gathering) with both men and women present. —m fendi erkeği yendi, proverb (The woman’s trickery got the better of the man.) A man can’t match a woman when it comes to being tricky. — hakları women’s rights, —lar hamamı 1. women’s section of a Turkish bath. 2. colloq. very noisy place, —lar hamamına dönmek colloq. (for a place) to become very noisy. — hastalıkları gynecological diseases. — hastalıkları uzmanı gynecologist. — işçi woman worker. — kadıncık colloq. quiet, domestic sort of (woman). — kısmı colloq. womankind, women.
   —   malı, kapı mandalı, proverb (A woman’s property is a door knocker.) If a husband makes use of his wife’s property, she’ll never let him forget it. — milleti colloq. womankind, women. — nine colloq. 1. grandmother. 2. old woman. — olmak 1. to lose one’s virginity. 2. colloq. to be a good housewife.
   —   oyuncu actress. K—larm Özgürlüğü Hareketi women’s liberation movement, women’s liberation, women’s lib. — sayrılıkları gynecological diseases. — sayrılıkları uzmanı gynecologist, —in sofusu, şeytanın maskarası, proverb (A pious woman is the devil’s delight.) An overly pious woman will neglect her real duties, which are to her home and family. — m şamdanı altın olsa mumu dikecek erkektir, proverb (Even if a woman’s candlestick is made of gold it takes a man to provide it with a candle.) It’s the husband’s earnings, not the wife’s dowry, which keep a household going. — terzisi dressmaker. — ticareti white slave trade. — tüccarı pimp, —in yüzünün karası, erkeğin elinin kınası, proverb (A woman’s shame is henna for the hands of a man.) An illicit love affair will blacken a woman’s reputation, but it will give a man something to boast of.
kadınbudu, -nu (./..) a meat patty made with eggs and rice, kadınca (./.) 1. womanly, feminine. 2. womanly, in a womanly manner, kadıncağız colloq. 1. the dear woman. 2. the poor woman, the poor thing, kadıncık colloq. poor woman, kadıncıl woman-chasing, womanizing, kadıngöbeği, -ni (./...) a pastry soaked in syrup and filled with nuts and thick cream, kadınlık 1. womanhood, being a woman. 2. colloq. being a good housewife. — gururu womanly pride, kadınsı 1. womanly, feminine. 2. effeminate, womanish.
kadıntuzluğu, -nu (./...) bot. barberry, Berberis vulgaris. kadırga (./.) naut. galley, kadırgabalığı, -m (./....) zool. sperm whale,
    cachalot, Phys eter catodon. kadife 1. velvet. 2. corduroy. — gibi velvety, kadifeçiçeği, -ni (.■*.'...) bot. marigold, Tagetes. kadifeördek (../..) zool. velvet scoter, velvet duck, Melanitta fusca. kadim (.—) obs. ancient, very old.
*kadir, -dri 1. worth, value, rank. 2. obs. dignity.
    3. astr. magnitude, —ini bilmek Iml to appreciate, value. K— gecesi Islam the Night of Power (the twenty-seventh of Ramazan, when the Koran was revealed). K— gecesi doğmuş, colloq. (He/She was bom on the Night of Power.) 1. He’s/She’s a very lucky person. 2. He’s/She’s married to a very fine person.
2kadir (—.) 1. mighty, powerful, strong. 2. /a/ capable of. — olmak /a/ to be able to, have the power to, be capable of. kadirbilir (s.o.) who can recognize a person of merit/worth, kadirbilirlik being able to recognize a person of merit/worth.
Kadiri (—.—) member of the Kadiriye dervish order.
Kadirilik (—.—.) dervish order established by Abdiilkadir Geylani.
Kadiriye (—.—.) see Kadirilik, kadirnaşinas (..— ..) obs. (s.o.) who cannot recognize a person of merit/worth.
kadirnaşinasi (..—.--------) obs. being unable to
    recognize a person of merit/worth, kadirşinas (s.o.) who can recognize a person of merit/worth, kadirşinasi (...— —) obs., see kadirşinaslık, kadirşinaslık being able to recognize a person of merit/worth, kadit 1. colloq. skin and bones, a mere skeleton.
    2.    skeleton. 3. obs. jerky, jerked meat. —i çıkmak colloq. to turn into skin and bones, kadmiyum (/..) chem. cadmium, kadran face, dial (of a clock/an instrument), kadril quadrille (the dance and its music), kadro (/.) 1. (permanent) staff, (long-term) personnel. 2. list/roster of permanent staff positions. 3. (a) position on the permanent staff (of an organization). 4. the number of people (who comprise a specified group within an organization): Bu yıl takımımızın aday kadrosu az. This year the number of candidates for our team is small. 5. frame (of a bicycle/ a motorbike/a motorcycle), kadrolu (/..) 1. (s.o.) who is on the permanent staff (of an organization). 2. permanent (job/ position).
kadrosuz (/..) 1. (s.o.) who is not on the permanent staff (of an organization). 2. temporary (job/position), kaduseus caduceus.
kadük 1. law null and void; lapsed; (s.t.) that has become a dead letter; (legislative proposal) that has been shelved. 2. anat. decidua, caduca, membranae deciduae, decidual/deciduous membrane.
kafa
464
kafes
kafa 1. head. 2. mind, mental attitude. 3. intelligence. 4. a large marble, shooter (used in the game of marbles). —ya almak slang 1. hi to silence (a bothersome person). 2. to find the right person (to do a job), —sı almamak hi colloq. 1. not to be able to understand. 2. to be too tired to understand. 3. not to be able to believe, —dan atmak colloq. to make up something and try to pass it off as the truth. — boşluğu anat. cranial cavity, cavum cranii. —sı bozulmak colloq. to blow one’s top, get angry. — sı bulanmak colloq. to get confused. — yı bulmak slang to be pleasantly tipsy (from drink). — büyük içi boş, tut kulağından çifte koş. colloq. (His/ Her head is big but empty, so take him/her by the ear and hitch him/her up to a plow.) He’s/She’s as dumb as an ox. —sı çalışmak colloq. to be on the ball. — yı çekmek colloq. to do some serious drinking, Brit, have a booze-up. —smdan çıkarmak III colloq. to put (an idea) out of one’s head, —sma dank demek/etmek colloq. to dawn on one at last.
   —   değiştirmek colloq. to change one’s mind; to change one’s way of thinking. — dengi colloq. 1, kindred spirit. 2. (s.o.) who is a kindred spirit, like-minded. — sının dikine gitmek colloq. to go one’s own way, do as one pleases, —sı dinç olmak colloq. to feel fresh and alert, —sı dönmek colloq.
   1.  to be confused and perplexed. 2. to feel dizzy, —sı dumanlı colloq. 1. tipsy, tight.
   2.  tired and confused, —sı durmak colloq. to be too tired to think. — dan gayri müsellah colloq. (s.o.) who is not all there, who has something missing, who is not quite right in the head, who is mentally deficient, —sına girmek Iml colloq. 1. to make good sense, seem to be right (to). 2. to comprehend, understand. —=■ göz yarmak colloq. to be awkward and unskillful. — işçisi white -collar worker, —sı işlemek colloq. to be on the ball, —sı izinli olmak slang for one’s mind to be elsewhere; to wool-gather. — kafaya vermek colloq. to put their heads together. — kalmamak /da/ colloq. to be so worn out one can’t think, —sı karışmak colloq. (for s.o.) to get confused. — smı kaşıyacak vakti olmamak colloq. to be too busy to think, not to have time to turn around, —sı kazan (gibi) olmak colloq. for one’s head to be ringing (from noise); to feel fuddled (after a lot of mental effort). — smı kırmak Iml to break/wring (s.o.’s) neck, kill (s.o.) (said threateningly). — smı kızdırmak Iml colloq. to make (s.o.’s) blood boil, —si kızmak colloq. to get angry, —dan kontak colloq. cracked, nutty, touched in the head, —sma koymak hi colloq. to get hold of (some idea); to take it into one’s head (to do s.t.). —smı kullanmak colloq. to use one’s head. —sini kurcalamak /in/ colloq. to make (one) think. — patlatmak colloq. to
   do a lot of hard mental work, —dan sakat colloq. cracked, nutty, touched in the head.
   —  sallamak colloq. to rubber-stamp everything, be a yes-man. —sma sığmamak colloq. not to be able to comprehend, —smda şimşek çakmak colloq. to get a sudden inspiration. — şişirmek colloq. (for noise/a complicated problem) to drive one crazy, make one unable to think straight, —sı şişmek colloq. for one’s head to be ringing (from noise); to feel fuddled (after a lot of mental effort), —sma takılıp kalmak colloq. to stick in one’s mind, not to leave one’s mind, —sı taşa çarpmak colloq. to learn something the hard way. — smı taştan taşa çarpmak/vurmak colloq. 1. to regret bitterly a lost opportunity. 2. to feel very remorseful.
   —  tutmak /a/ colloq. to defy; to oppose challengingly. — yı tütsülemek slang to get tight, get tipsy. — ütülemek slang to talk someone to death, talk someone’s ear off. —sma vur, ekmeğini elinden al. colloq. (Hit him/her on the head and take his/her bread from his/her hand.) He’s/She’s so meek you can walk all over him/her. —sma vura vura colloq. by force, —sına vurmak colloq. (for drink) to go to one’s head. — smı vurmak Iml to behead. — yı (yere) vurmak colloq.
   1. to hit the sack, hit the hay. 2. to take to one’s bed, get laid up (owing to illness). — vuruşu soccer header. — yağı slang sperm, semen, —sı yerine gelmek colloq. to come back to earth; to start thinking straight again, —sı yerinde olmamak colloq. to wool-gather; for one’s mind to be elsewhere. — yormak colloq. to ponder, think hard, rack one’s brains.
kafadanbacaklilar (../....) zool. Cephalopoda. kafadar 1. kindred spirit; chum, crony, mate.
   2.    (s.o.) who is a kindred spirit, like-minded, kafadarlık 1. being a kindred spirit or chum.
   2.    like-mindedness, kafaiçi, -ni (./..) anat. 1. intercranial. 2. the in-tercranial space, kafakâğıdı, -m (./...) colloq. official identity card.
kafalı colloq. (s.o.) who has a head on his/her shoulders, brainy, kafasız colloq. stupid, brainless, witless, kafasızlık colloq. stupidity, kafatasçı (./..) 1. (a) racist. 2. racist, kafatasçılık (./...) racism, kafatası, -ni (./..) anat. skull, cranium. Kafdağı, -m (.'..) a mythical mountain. —’nm ardinda/arkasmda colloq. in a lonely and inaccessible place. —’na kadar colloq. 1. to the ends of the earth. 2. to the bitter end. kafe colloq. cafe, kafein caffeine, kafeinsiz decaffeinated.
kafes 1. cage; coop. 2. lattice, latticework; wooden latticework screening the windows of old-style Turkish houses. 3. framework (of
kafesçi
   a wooden building); skeleton (of a ship). 4. slang clink, jug, calaboose, lockup. 5. slang confidence game, swindle. 6. screened-off area reserved for women (in a mosque). 7. seraglio apartment in which an Ottoman prince was brought up in seclusion. — e almak l\l slang to talk (s.o.) to death, talk (s.o.’s) ear off. — çit latticework fence. — gibi colloq. 1. a mere skeleton. 2. loosely woven. 3. full of holes, riddled with holes.
   —e girmek slang to be duped, be taken in.
   —  kafes colloq. 1. full of holes. 2. latticed.
   —e koymak hi slang to deceive, swindle, con, suck (s.o.) in. — tamiri repair made to the framework of a wooden building, kafesçi 1. maker/seller of cages/latticework. 2.
   slang con man. kafesleme hi slang deceiving, swindling, conning, sucking (s.o.) in. kafeslemek hi slang to deceive, swindle, con, •suck (s.o.) in. kafeslenme slang being deceived, being swindled, being conned, being sucked in. kafeslenmek slang to be deceived, be swindled, be conned, be sucked in. kafesli 1. latticed. 2. having a wooden framework.
kafeterya (../.) cafeteria, kâffe obs. totality, entirety; all of ...: talebelerin kâffesi all the students.
kâfi (------) enough, sufficient: Bu kadar kâfi.
   This much will do. K—. colloq. That’s enough./That’ll do. — derecede 1. enough, sufficient, in sufficient quantity: Kâfi derecede şeker bulabildiniz mi? Were you able to find enough sugar? 2. sufficiently, well enough: Kâfi derecede Fransızca bilmiyorum. I don’t know French well enough. — gelmek to be enough, suffice. — miktarda enough, sufficient, in sufficient quantity, kafile (—..) 1. string; file; column; train; caravan; convoy; coffle. 2. consignment, lot, batch (of goods being shipped): Mühimmatın ilk kafilesi geldi. The first consignment of munitions has arrived. 3. company, band (of travelers, pilgrims, etc.). 4. gang, set, group (of people). — kafile 1. (moving) in strings/convoys/coffles. 2. (sending goods) in lots/batches. 3. (people coming/going) in bands/groups, kâfir (—.) 1. infidel, unbeliever; (a) non-Muslim. 2. unbelieving; non-Muslim. 3. colloq. devil, rogue, scamp. 4. colloq. damned, damn.
kâfirlik (—..) infidelity; being a non-Muslim, kafiye (—..) poet, rhyme, kafiyeli (—...) poet, rhyming, rhymed, kafiyesiz (—...) poet, unrhymed, not rhyming. Kafkas Caucasian, of or pertaining to the Caucasus or the Caucasians.
Kafkasya (./.) 1. the Caucasus, Caucasia. 2.
   Caucasian, of the Caucasus.
KafkasyalI (./..) 1. (a) Caucasian. 2. Caucasian
465                                        kâğıtlamak
         (person).
      kaftan 1. Ott. hist, robe of honor, caftan. 2. decorating (the spire of a minaret) with lights.
         —  giydirmek /a/ 1. Ott. hist, to invest (s.o.) with a robe of honor. 2. to decorate (the spire of a minaret) with lights. -- giymek Ott. hist. to receive a robe of honor.
      kaftanböceği, -ni (./...) zool. seven-spotted ladybug, Coccinella septempunctata. kaftancı Ott. hist, keeper of the caftans, kâfur (—.) camphor.
      kâfurağacı, -m (—/...) bot. camphor tree, camphor laurel, Cinnamomum camphor a. kâfurlu (—..) camphorated, camphorized. kâfuru (—..) see kâfur, kâgir (—.) built of stone/brick, kağan hist, khan, ruler, kağanlık hist, khanate.
      kâğıdımsı paperlike, having a texture like paper, kağıştı archaic clashing sound, kâğıt 1. paper; piece of paper. 2. card, playing card. 3. colloq. letter, note. 4. colloq. document. 5. colloq. paper money; note, bill. — açmak to turn up the trump card. — bıçağı paper cutter. — dağıtmak to deal the cards, —a dökmek hi colloq. to put (s.t.) down on paper, write (s.t.) down. — ezmesi papier -mâche. — fabrikası paper mill. — fener paper lantern, Chinese lantern. — gibi olmak colloq. to turn as white as a sheet. — hamuru paper pulp. — kaplamak /a/ to paper, cover with paper. — kavafı formerly man who took care of the bureaucratic formalities for someone else. — kebabı a dish made of lamb and vegetables broiled in a wrapper.
         —  makası paper scissors. — oynamak to play cards. — oyunu card game. — para paper money; note, bill. — para çıkarma fin. emission. — sepeti wastepaper basket.
         —  üzerinde on paper, in the planning stage.
         —  üzerinde kalmak (for a project) to exist on paper only, not to get beyond the planning stage. — üzerinde kâr paper profit. — üzerine koymak hi to put (s.t.) in writing. — üzerinde olmak (for a project) to exist on paper only, not to get beyond the planning stage.
      kâğıtağacı, -m (./...) bot., see kâğıtdutu. kâğıtbalığı, -m (./...) zool. ribbonfish, dealfish, Trachypterus. kâğıtçı 1. manufacturer/seller of paper. 2. stationer.
      kâğıtçılık 1. the paper business. 2. the stationery business.
      kâğıtdutu, -nu (./..) bot. paper mulberry, Brous-sonetia papyrifera. kâğıthelvası, -ni (./...) sweet, multilayered, disc-shaped wafer, kâğıtkurdu, -nu (./..) zool. bookworm, paper worm.
      kâğıtlama III papering, covering (s.t.) with paper; wrapping (s.t.) in paper, kâğıtlamak l\l to paper, cover (s.t.) with paper;
kâğıtlanma
 466
 kahvaltı
    to wrap (s.t.) in paper, kâğıtlanma being papered, being covered with paper; being wrapped in paper, kâğıtlanmak to be papered, be covered with paper; to be wrapped in paper, kâğıtlı papered, covered with paper; wrapped in paper.
kâğıtlık 1. small, shelved filing box; filing basket. 2. suitable for making paper, kâğıtsı paperlike, papery, kağnı oxcart (with two solid wooden wheels).
    —     gibi gitmek colloq. to go at a snail’s pace, kağşak prov. very loose; about to collapse; decrepit.
kağşama prov. 1. becoming loose; being about to collapse. 2. becoming limp. 3. becoming decrepit.
kağşamak prov. 1. to become loose; to be about to collapse. 2. to become limp. 3. to become decrepit.
                                                           kağşatma h! prov. 1. loosening (s.t.) so that it is ready to collapse. 2. causing (s.t.) to be done away with, kağşatmak hi prov. 1. to loosen (s.t.) so that it is ready to collapse. 2. to cause (s.t.) to be done away with, kâh (—) (repeated) sometimes: Boğaz kâh dalgalı, kâh dalgasızdır. Sometimes the Bosphorus is rough and sometimes it’s smooth, kahır, -hri 1. pain and sadness, tribulation, or suffering (accompanied by a rankling sense of injustice): Sibel’in sıhhatinin bozulması onun kahrmdandır. It’s because of the tribulation he’s caused her that Sibel’s health has given way. 2. heartsickness. 3. oppression.
    4.    obs. coercion, force, —mı çekememek /m/ to be unable to put up with the pain (s.o J s.t.) unjustly causes one. —ı çekilmez colloq. unbearable, insupportable, insufferable. — ini çekmek Iml to put up with the pain (s.o.I s.t.) unjustly causes one. — ma gitmek colloq. (for an event) both to sadden (s.o.) and to cause (him/her) to rankle with a sense of injustice, —mdan ölmek /ml 1. to die of the pain which (s.o./an event) causes one; to die of heartsickness: Adam müebbet hapse mahkûm oldu; altı ay sonra kadın kahrından öldü. The man got a life sentence, and six months later the woman died of the pain of it. 2. to be very hurt by, be in mental agony; to eat one’s heart out. — ma uğramak Iml to fall afoul of (s.o.’s) wrath/malice. — yüzünden lütfü uğramak to benefit from something that was meant to harm one. kahırlanma 1. being both sad and rankling with a sense of injustice. 2. being heartsick; eating one’s heart out. kahırlanmak 1. to be both sad and rankling with a sense of injustice. 2. to be heartsick; to eat one’s heart out. kahırlı 1. (s.o.) who is both sad and rankling with a sense of injustice. 2. heartsick; (s.o.) who is eating his/her heart out.
kâhil (—.) obs. middle-aged, mature, of mature years.
kâhillik (—..) obs. 1. maturity. 2. indolence, kâhin (—.) soothsayer, seer, oracle, kâhinlik (—..) 1. soothsaying, prophesying. 2.
   (a) prophecy, kahir (—.) obs. overpowering, crushing, irresistible. — ekseriyet overwhelming majority. Kahire (—..) Cairo.
kahkaha loud laugh; guffaw. — atmak to laugh loudly; to guffaw. —yı basmak colloq. to burst into laughter, burst out laughing. — ile gülmek to laugh loudly, roar with laughter; to guffaw. — yı koparmak/salıvermek colloq., see kahkahayı basmak, kahkahaçiçeği, -ni (../...) bot. morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea. kahpe vulg. 1. harlot, whore, prostitute. 2. double-crossing; backstabbing. —nin dölü vulg. son of a bitch, kahpelik vulg. 1. being a whore. 2. double cross, double-crossing; (a) stab in the back.
   —      etmek vulg. to double-cross someone; to stab someone in the back, kahraman 1. hero; heroine. 2. brave, heroic, kahramanca (../.) 1. heroic. 2. heroically, kahramanlık 1. heroism. 2. heroic deed. — destanı (an) epic. — göstermek to show heroism, behave heroically, kahredici (/...) overpowering, crushing, kahretme (/..) 1. hi (an event’s) saddening (s.o.) and causing (him/her) to rankle with a sense of injustice. 2. hi making (s.o.) heartsick; making (s.o.) eat his/her heart out. 3: being both sad and rankling with a sense of injustice. 4. being heartsick; eating one’s heart out. 5. hi defeating (s.o.) crushingly, vanquishing (s.o.) utterly, crushing, kahretmek (/..) 1. hi (for an event) both to sadden (s.o.) and to cause (him/her) to rankle with a sense of injustice. 2. hi to make (s.o.) heartsick; to make (s.o.) eat his/her heart out.
   3.    to be both sad and rankling with a sense of injustice. 4. to be heartsick; to eat one’s heart out. 5. hi to defeat (s.o.) crushingly, vanquish (s.o.) utterly, crush, kahrolma (/..) 1. being both sad and rankling with a sense of injustice. 2. being heartsick; eating one’s heart out. kahrolmak (/..) 1. to be both sad and rankling with a sense of injustice. 2. to be heartsick; to eat one’s heart out. Kahrolayım, .... colloq. I swear ...: Kahrolayım, bu dediğim doğru. I swear what I’m saying is true. Kahrolsun! 1. Damn him/her/it!/Blast! 2. Down with him/her/it! Kahrolsun ...! Down with ...!: Kahrolsun sömürgecilik! Down with colonialism! kahvaltı, -yı 1. breakfast. 2. snack, light refreshment. — etmek 1. to have breakfast, breakfast. 2. to have a snack. — takımı set of breakfast dishes. — yapmak see kahvaltı etmek.
kahvaltılık
467
kakılmak
kahvaltılık 1. suitable for eating at breakfast;
    set aside for breakfast. 2. food for breakfast, kahve 1. coffee. 2. cafe (serving only coffee/ tea/soft drinks). — çekirdeği coffee bean. — çekmek to grind coffee. — değirmeni coffee mill, coffee grinder. — dolabı cylindrical coffee roaster. — dövmek to pound up coffee in a mortar. — dövücünün hınk deyicisi colloq. toady, yes-man. — fall a fortune told by inspecting the grounds remaining in one’s coffee cup. — fincanı demitasse, small coffee cup. — hulasası instant coffee. — ocağı small kitchen where coffee and tea are made.
    —     parası colloq. tip, baksheesh, gratuity. — tütün, keyifler oldu bütün, colloq. Now that everyone has had some coffee and a cigarette, all are in a good mood, kahveağacı, -m (./...) bot. coffee plant, Coffeci. kahveci 1. grower/processor/seller of coffee. 2. cafe owner/manager. — çırağı boy who works in a cafe, kahvecilik 1. growing/processing/selling coffee.
    2. operating a cafe.
kahvehane (..— .) cafe (serving only coffee/tea/ soft drinks), kahverengi, -yi/-ni (./..) 1. brown, the color brown. 2. brown, brown in color, kâhya 1. hist, steward, major domo. 2. formerly head of a trade guild. 3. person who is in charge of the queue at a shared-taxi stand.
    4.    person who looks after parked cars; parking lot attendant. 5. colloq. busybody. — kadın formerly 1. chief female servant in a harem. 2. housekeeper, (başına) — kesilmek /in/ colloq. to begin to stick one’s nose into (s.o. else’s) business, kâhyalık 1. being in charge of the queue at a shared-taxi stand. 2. being in charge of parked cars; being a parking lot attendant.
    3. colloq. meddlesomeness. — etmek 1. to be in charge of the queue at a shared-taxi stand. 2. to work as a parking lot attendant.
    3. colloq. to meddle in the affairs of others.
kaide (—..) 1. rule, regulation. 2. base; pedestal.
    3. geom. base. 4. slang hind end, buttocks, rump.
kaideci (—...) (s.o.) who always obeys the rules, kaideten (—...) obs. according to the rules; in principle.
kail (—.) obs. author; narrator, relator. — etmek hi to persuade. — olmak /a/ 1. to believe in (s.t.). 2. to agree to, accept, kaim (—.) obs. 1. erect, upright, standing up.
    2. extant, existent, existing; (s.o./s.t.) who/ which endures. 3. perpendicular, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is perpendicular. — bizzat phil. self-existent. — olmak 1. /la/ to exist thanks to: Kâmil’le kaimiz. It is thanks to Kâmil that we endure. 2. /yerine/ (for one person) to take (the place of another): Kasım, Kâzımın yerine kaim oldu. Kasım has taken Kâzım’s place. 3. to perform the namaz continually. — zaviye obs., geom. right angle.
 kaime (—..) obs. 1. bank note. 2. official document.
 kaimen (—'..) obs. 1. (doing s.t.) while standing up, standing up. 2. (the value of a building/ a tree) while it is standing, before it has been destroyed or cut down, kâin (—.) obs. 1. /da/ situated in, located in: Kandilli’de kâin bir ev a house located in Kandilli. 2. existent, existing, extant. — olmak 1. /da/ to be situated in, be located in.
   2.    to exist, be. kâinat, -ti (—..) 1. the cosmos, the universe. 2.
   the whole world, everybody.
                                                         *kak, -ki prov. 1. dried fruit; fruit pulp dried in sheets. 2. skin and bones, skinny, wizened. 2kak, -ki prov. low spot where rain water collects, puddle, kaka child’s language 1. poo-poo, ca-ca, feces.
   2.    dirty, filthy. 3. bratty. — bebek bratty child. — yapmak/etmek to poo-poo, ca-ca. *kakaç prov. 1. food that has been salted and dried. 2. a pastrami made from water buffalo meat.
2kakaç prov. 1. beak, bill. 2. a light, ball-peen hammer, kakadu zool. cockatoo, Kakatoe.
 'kakalama 1. /ı/ prodding/poking continually.
   2.    /i, a/ palming (s.t./s.o.) off on (s.o.). 2kakalama (a baby’s) 1. poo-pooing on itself.
   2.    hi poo-pooing on, ca-caing on. kakalamak 1. hi to prod/poke continually. 2.
   /i, a/ to palm (s.t./s.o.) off on (s.o.). 2kakalamak (for a baby) 1. to poo-poo on itself. 2. Ill to poo-poo on, ca-ca on. kakalanma 1. being prodded/poked continually. 2. /a/ (s.t.’s/s.o.’s) being palmed off on (s.o.).
 2kakalanma getting poopy, getting soiled with
   ca-ca.
 kakalanmak 1. to be prodded/poked continually. 2. /a/ (for s.t ./s.o.) to be palmed off on (s.o.).
 2kakalanmak to get poopy, get soiled with ca-ca.
 kakalı poopy, soiled with ca-ca.
 kakanos slang, see kakanoz.
 kakanoz slang 1. old and dried up person. 2.
   hideously ugly, (s.o.) who is as ugly as sin. kakao (./.) cocoa. — çekirdeği cacao bean, kakaoağacı, -m (./....) bot. cacao tree, Theo-broma cacao. kakaoyağı, -ni (./...) cocoa butter, kakavan slang 1. stuck-up and stupid. 2. old and peevish, kakavanlık slang 1. being stuck-up and stupid.
   2.    being old and peevish. — etmek slang 1. to behave in a stuck-up, stupid way. 2. to act like a grouchy old person, kakıç fisherman’s gaff.
kakılma 1. being shoved. 2. being tapped into a groove/a hole, kakılmak 1. to be shoved. 2. to be tapped into a groove/a hole, kakılıp kalmak /a/ colloq.
kakım
 468
kalaylı
   to be stuck, have to wait (in a place); to be rooted to (the spot), kakım zool. ermine, stoat, Mustela erminea. — kürk ermine (fur), kakıma h/ prov. reproving, telling (s.o.) off. kakımak 111 prov. to reprove, tell (s.o.) off. kakınç prov. repeated reproaches, (başına) — etmek /m/ to keep on reminding (s.o.) of all the favors one has done him/her. kakırca prov., zool. hazel mouse, dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius. kakirdak cracklings, greaves, kakırdama 1. crackling, snapping and popping.
   2.    slang dying, croaking, kicking the bucket, giving up the ghost, kakırdamak 1. to crackle, snap and pop. 2. slang to die, croak, kick the bucket, give up the ghost.
kakırtı crackling sound, crackle, snapping and popping.
kakışma pushing and shoving each other, horsing around, kakışmak to push and shove each other, horse around.
kakıştırmak hi to keep pushing (s.t.) slightly, kakma 1. inlay work. 2. inlaid. 3. push, shove, kakmacı person who does inlay work, inlayer, kakmacılık ornamental inlaying, the work of an inlayer.
kakmak III 1. to push, give a push (to). 2. to tap (s.t.) in. 3. to inlay, kakmalı inlaid, decorated with inlaid work, kaknem colloq. 1. ugly and shrewish (woman).
   2.    very thin, dried-up (woman), kakofoni cacophony, kaktüs bot. cactus, kaktüsgiller bot. Cactaceae. kaktüsümsü bot. cactaceous, cactus-like, kakule bot. cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum. kâkül (—.) bangs, kâküllü (—..) (s.o.) who has bangs.
*kal smelting. — etmek hi see kaletmek. 2kal, -li (—) word, talk, speech. — e almak III to take (s.t.) into consideration. —e almamak hi to consider (s.t.) unimportant, not to pay any attention to. kala /a/ 1. at ... to (used of time): saat sekize beş kala at five to eight. 2. (a time) before: bitmesine bir saat kala an hour before it ended. 3. from, before reaching (a place): kente kirk kilometre kala forty kilometers from the city, kalaazar path, kala-azar, dumdum fever, kalaba prov. crowd, mass, multitude, kalabalık 1. crowd, throng. 2. crowdedness. 3. crowded. 4. colloq. junk, stuff, clutter. — etmek colloq. to clutter up a place; to be in the way.
kalabalıklaşma 1. getting crowded. 2. getting cluttered.
kalabalıklaşmak 1. to get crowded. 2. to get cluttered.
kalafat, -ti 1. naut. caulking (a boat’s seams).
   2. Ott. hist, a headdress worn by Janissaries and high officials. —ı atmak naut. for a seam’s caulking to come loose, —a çekmek hi naut. to careen (a ship) for caulking. — demiri naut. caulking iron, caulker. — etmek hi 1. naut. to caulk. 2. to repair superficially. 3. colloq. to make up (a face). — keskisi naut. caulking iron. — tokmağı naut. caulking hammer, caulking mallet. — üstüpüsü naut. oakum. — yeri naut. careening ground.
kalafatçı naut. caulker, person who does caulking.
kalafatçılık naut. caulking, work of a caulker, kalafatlama hi 1. naut. caulking. 2. repairing, restoring.
kalafatlamak 111 1. naut. to caulk. 2. to repair, restore.
kalafatlanma 1. naut. being caulked. 2. being repaired, being restored, kalafatlanmak 1. naut. to be caulked. 2. to be repaired, be restored, kalafatsız naut. uncaulked. — halat untarred rope.
kalak prov. 1. muzzle/nostrils (of an animal).
   2. stone used as a counter (in children’s games). 3. mus. bell (of a brass/a woodwind instrument).
kalakalmak (./..) to be left open-mouthed, be left dumbstruck, kalamar zool. squid, calamary, Loligo/Ommas-trephes.
kalan 1. (s.o./s.t.) who/which remains, remaining. 2. the person who is left; the remainder, that which remains. 3. math, remainder.
   4.    math, difference, kalanca remainder, remnant, kalantor colloq. middle-aged, rich, and rather ostentatious man. kalao (./.) zool. calao, Buceros hydrocorax. kalas wooden beam; rafter, kalastra (./.) naut. deck fixture to which lifeboats are lashed, kalaşnikof Kalashnikov.
kalay 1. tin. 2. slang swearing, cursing. —ı basmak slang to swear a blue streak, curse violently.
kalaycı 1. tinker; tinner, tinsmith. 2. colloq. (a) fraud, shammer, kalaycılık 1. work of a tinker/a tinner. 2. colloq.
   fraud, sham, kalaylama hi 1. tinning. 2. slang swearing at.
   3.    colloq. concealing (a fault) by sham, kalaylamak hi 1. to tin. 2. slang to swear at.
   3.    colloq. to conceal (a fault) by sham, kalaylanma 1. being tinned. 2. slang being cursed.
kalaylanmak 1. to be tinned. 2. slang to be cursed.
kalaylatma h, a/ having (s.t.) tinned, kalaylatmak h, al to have (s.t.) tinned, kalaylı 1. tinned. 2. containing tin, mixed with tin. 3. colloq. sham, falsely decked out. —
kalaysız                                           469
   bakır küflenmez, proverb (Copper that is tinned does not corrode.) An honest person’s reputation is safe from being besmirched. — kaptan su içmek colloq. to marry a woman related to one; to marry a girl one knows everything about, kalaysız 1. untinned; whose tin has worn off.
   2.  containing no tin. 3. colloq. genuine, not sham.
kalben (/.) 1. in his/her heart. 2. sincerely, deeply. 3. (s.t.) which comes from the heart, kalbetmek (.'..) /i, a/ obs. to transform/convert (s.t.) into.
kalbi (.—) 1. heartfelt, sincere. 2. obs. cardiacal, cardiac. 3. obs. (s.o.) who has a heart disease.
   4.     obs. someone who has a heart disease, kalbur coarsely meshed sieve; riddle; screen.
   —   altı what has passed through a sieve; siftings; screenings, —a çevirmek hi colloq. to riddle with holes, —a dönmek colloq. to be riddled with holes, —dan geçirmek fil to sift, sieve; to screen; to riddle. — gibi colloq. riddled, full of holes. — kemiği anat., see kalburkemiği. — makinesi screening machine, bolting machine, —la su taşımak colloq. to be engaged in a hopeless task.
kalburcu 1. maker/seller of sieves/screens/ riddles. 2. sifter; screener; riddler. kalburkemiği, -ni (./...) anat. ethmoid bone, ethmoid.
kalburlama hi sifting, sieving; screening; riddling.
kalburlamak hi to sift, sieve; to screen; to riddle.
kalburlanma being sifted, being sieved; being screened; being riddled, kalburlanmak to be sifted, be sieved; to be screened; to be riddled, kalburlatma /ı, a/ having (s.t.) sifted/sieved/ screened/riddled, kalburlatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) sifted/sieved/ screened/riddled, kalbursu cribriform; sievelike, kalburüstü, -nü (./..) select, elite. — ne gelmek (— kalmak) colloq. (for s.o.) to become outstanding, stand out. kalcı smelter, person who smelts ore. kalça anat. hip. — başı anat. crest of the ilium.
   —      kemiği anat., see kalçakemiği. kalçakemiği, -ni (./...) anat. hipbone, innominate bone, haunch bone, hucklebone.
kalçalı 1. hipped, haunched. 2. colloq. big -hipped, hippy, broad across the beam, kalçete (./.) naut. gasket, kalçın 1. a soft inner boot of felt/leather. 2. long heavy stocking worn inside boots. 3. gaiter, legging, kaldıraç lever, kaldirak winch, crane, kaldıran anat. levator.
kaldırıcı 1. jack (tool used for lifting). 2. anat. levator.
kaldırılma 1. being lifted. 2. being taken away.
                                                                                                       kale
    3. being abrogated, ceasing to be in effect.
    4. (a weight’s) being borne, being supported.
    5. colloq. being endured. 6. slang being swiped, being made off with, being stolen.
 kaldırılmak 1. to be lifted. 2. to be taken away.
    3. to be abrogated, cease to be in effect. 4. (for a weight) to be borne, be supported. 5. colloq. to be endured. 6. slang to be swiped, be made off with, be stolen.
 kaldırım 1. sidewalk, Brit, pavement. 2. stone pavement. 3. horizontal rock strata at a shoreline. — çiçeği colloq., see kaldırım süpürgesi. — çiğnemek colloq. to become more knowledgeable/sophisticated by living in the city. — döşemek to lay down paving stones. — kenarı curb, Brit. kerb. — mühendisi colloq. loafer, idler; sidewalk superintendent. — süpürgesi colloq. 1. streetwalker, prostitute. 2. gadabout woman, woman who never stays at home. — taşı paving stone. — yosması colloq., see kaldırım süpürgesi.
 kaldırımcı 1. one who lays paving stones. 2. slang one who steals things from a merchant’s sidewalk display. 3. slang pickpocket, purse-snatcher.
 kaldinmcilik 1. paving. 2. slang stealing from a merchant’s sidewalk display. 3. slang picking pockets; purse snatching.
 kaldırımsı biol. squamous. — doku pavement epithelium, squamous epithelium.
 kaldırmaç forklift.
 kaldırma hi 1. lifting up, raising, elevating. 2. bearing, supporting. 3. colloq. bearing, enduring, tolerating (s.o.’s words/behavior). 4. making (s.o.) stand up; getting (s.o.) up (from bed). 5. putting (s.t.) away or out of reach.
    6. abolishing, doing away with. 7. colloq. kidnapping. 8. slang swiping, making off with, stealing. 9. dispatching (a vehicle), signaling (a vehicle) to go. 10. flushing, starting (game). 11. causing (s.t.) to peel off in layers.
 kaldırmak hi 1. to lift up, raise, elevate. 2. (for s.t.) to bear, support. 3. colloq. to bear, endure, tolerate (s.o.’s words/behavior). 4. to make (s.o.) stand up; to get (s.o.) up (from bed). 5. to put (s.t.) away or out of reach. 6. to abolish, do away with. 7. colloq. to kidnap. 8. slang to swipe, make off with, steal.
    9. to dispatch (a vehicle), signal (a vehicle) to go. 10 to flush, start (game). 11. to cause (s.t.) to peel off in layers, kaldırıp atmak hi colloq. to get rid of, throw away.
 kaldırtma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.t.) raised/lifted. 2. having (s.t.) removed. 3. having (s.t.) abolished.
 kaldırtmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.t.) raised/lifted.
    2. to have (s.t.) removed. 3. to have (s.t.) abolished.
 kale 1. fortress, fort; citadel. 2. goal post. 3. chess rook, castle. — ağası hist, chatelain, castellan, commander of a fortress. — çizgisi goal line. — dizdarı hist, commander of a
kalebent
 470
kalgıma
    fortress. — gibi colloq. 1. fortress-like, big and imposing (building), 2. solid, sound, confidence-inspiring (person). 3. (financially) sound/solid (person/business). — hendeği moat, fosse, foss. — içi inner part of a fortress. —yi içinden fethetmek colloq. to get something by circumventing the underlings and dealing directly with the head man. — kapısı tırabzanı portcullis, kalebent political prisoner confined to a fortress, kalebentlik confinement in a fortress, kaleci goalkeeper, goalie, kalecilik goalkeeping.
 kalem 1. pencil. 2. pen. 3. chisel; gouge. 4. office handling the paperwork for a governmental department. 5. item, entry (in a register/an account). 6. sort, kind. 7. hort. scion, slip. 8. shaft (of an arrow). 9. writing, the act of writing. 10. slang penis, *cock, *dick. — açmak 1. to sharpen a pencil. 2. to point a reed (for use as a pen). — e almak III to write out, draw up, put down on paper.
    —   çalmak prov. to write. — çekmek /a/ colloq. to cross out. —inden çıkma Iml written by. —inden çıkmak Iml to be written by.
    —   darbesi stroke of the pen. — efendisi formerly official employed in a government office, Ottoman bureaucrat. — eri 1. good penman. 2. formerly official employed in a government office, bureaucrat. — gezdirmek /üzerinde/ colloq. to revise, edit. — işi Islamic art 1. designs (painted on walls/ceilings). 2. (designs on walls/ceilings) done in a traditional Islamic style, —inden kan damlamak colloq. to write effectively and movingly; to write things that bring tears to the eyes. — kaşlı colloq. with thin, finely shaped eyebrows. — kulaklı (animal) with long, pointed ears. — kutusu pencil box. — i kuvvetli colloq. (s.o.) who writes well. — oynatmak colloq. 1. to write. 2. /üzerinde/ to correct, edit. 3. /üzerinde/ to spoil (a piece of writing) by alteration. — parmaklı colloq. with long, tapering fingers. — pil colloq. a small battery. — sahibi (s.o.) who writes well. — sapı penholder (for a nib). — e sarılmak colloq. to take pen in hand, take up one’s pen. — savaşı colloq. war of words.
    —   ucu nib, penpoint. — iyle yaşamak colloq. to live by one’s pen, make a living by writing. — yontmak 1. to sharpen a pencil. 2. to point a reed pen. — yürütmek colloq. to write.
 kalemaşısı, -ni (./...) hort. graft, scion, kalembek 1. bot. agalloch, aloes wood, eagle-wood, Aquilaria agallocha. 2. a variety of corn.
                                                              . kalemci seller of pencils and pens. kalemis zoo/, civet, civet cat, Civettictis civetta. kalemkâr 1. painter of designs on muslin. 2. engraver who does chasing on gold/silver. 3. one who paints designs on walls/ceilings, kalemkârlık the profession of painting/en-
   graving designs, kalemlik 1. pencil box; pencil tray. 2. pen rack, penholder.
kalemşor 1. writer who produces polemical articles for someone else, hired pen. 2. polemical writer, polemicist, polemist. kalemtıraş 1. pencil sharpener. 2.formerly penknife (used for pointing a reed pen), kalender 1. unconventional and easygoing, bohemian. 2. hist, calender, peripatetic and mendicant dervish belonging to the Qalan-dariya order. 3. person who takes things philosophically. —e, “Kış geliyor,” demişler, “Titremeye hazırım,” diye cevap vermiş. proverb (When they told the calender that winter was coming he said, “I am prepared to shiver.”) A person who has learned how to face life can confront the most difficult situations with equanimity, kalenderce (../.) 1. unconventional and easygoing, bohemian. 2. philosophical. 3. in an unconventional, easygoing way; philosophically.
                                                         kalenderhane (...—.) hist, hospice for peripatetic and mendicant dervishes, kalenderi (...—) a mystical type of folk poem. Kalenderiye hist, the Qalandariya dervish order, kalenderleşme 1. becoming carefree and unconventional in one’s attitude towards life. 2. adopting a philosophical attitude towards life, kalenderleşmek 1. to become carefree and unconventional in one’s attitude towards life. 2. to adopt a philosophical attitude towards life.
kalenderlik 1. carefree and unconventional attitude towards life. 2. philosophical attitude towards life. 3. hist, being a calender. 4. being bohemian/philosophical. — e vurmak hi colloq. to take (s.t.) philosophically, not to be bothered by (a difficulty), kalensöve 1. obs. a pointed cap. 2. bot. root cap, calyptra. kaleska (./.) light open carriage, calash, caleche. kaletmek (/..) hi to smelt, kalevi (..—) obs., chem. 1. alkali, base. 2. alkaline, basic.
kalevileşme (..—..) obs., chem. becoming alkaline.
kalevileşmek (..— ..) obs., chem. to become alkaline.
kaleydoskop kaleidoscope, kalfa 1. experienced apprentice workman. 2. master builder, supervisor at a construction site. 3.formerly ranking female servant. 4. formerly man who assisted a primary-school teacher. 5. formerly, title used when addressing an elderly female servant. kalfalık 1. rank/work/pay of an experienced apprentice workman or master builder. 2. formerly rank/work/pay of a ranking female servant, kalgay obs. scoutmaster, kalgıma prov. 1. jumping or leaping about. 2.
 kalgımak
   prancing, prance (of a horse); rearing. 3. jumping up angrily, kalgımak prov. 1. to jump or leap about. 2. (for a horse) to prance; to rear. 3. to jump up angrily.
kalhane (.—.) smelter, smeltery.
kalıcı permanent, lasting.
kalıcılık 1. permanence. 2. phys. retentivity.
kalıç prov. sickle.
kalık prov. 1. remaining, left. 2. spinster. 3.
   tawdry, cheap, kalım 1. survival. 2. permanence, kalımlı 1. enduring, lasting; permanent. 2. immortal.
kalımlılık 1. permanence. 2. immortality, kalımsız 1. transient, transitory, impermanent. 2. mortal.
kalimsizlik 1. impermanence. 2. mortality, ‘kalın 1. thick. 2. slang rich, wealthy, in the money, well-off, well-fixed. 3. phon. back (vowel). — incelene kadar ince üzülür. proverb (By the time the thick has become thin, the thin has worn to nothing.) The rich and the strong are hurt by suffering, but the poor and the weak are destroyed by it. — kafalı colloq. thickheaded, stupid. — ses deep voice. — ünlü phon. back vowel. 2kahn prov. present given by the bridegroom to the bride, kalınbağırsak (./...) anat. the large intestine.
   —      açımı surg. colostomy. — çıkarımı surg. colectomy. — yangısı path, colitis, kalınlaşma 1. thickening, becoming thick. 2.
   deepening (of voice), kalınlaşmak 1. to thicken, become thick. 2. (for s.o.’s voice) to deepen, kalınlaştırma /ı/ thickening, making (s.t.) thick, kalınlaştırmak /i/ to thicken, make (s.t.) thick, kalmlatmak /i/ see kalınlaştırmak, kalınlık 1. thickness; coarseness. 2. deepness (of a voice), kalınmak impersonal passive 1. to stay, stop, rest. 2. to spend the night, kalıntı 1. remnant, remainder, leftovers. 2. ruin;
   ruins, remains, kalmyağ (./.) lubricating oil. kalıp 1. mold, matrix. 2. form; (hat) block; (shoe) last. 3. template; pattern, model. 4. bar, cake, piece (of s.t.). 5. imposing appearance. 6. shape, —mın adamı olmamak colloq. not to be the man one seems to be. —ı-nı almak /ml to take a mold (of). — ını basmak /a/ colloq. 1. to affirm (s.t.) with conviction. 2. to support (s.t.) enthusiastically, —-a çekmek hf 1. to give proper form/shape (to), shape, mold. 2. slang to have intercourse with, *fuck. —mı çıkarmak /ml to take a mold of. —i değiştirmek/dinlendirmek slang to die, croak, kick the bucket, give up the ghost, —a dökmek hi to cast, pour (s.t.) into a mold, —a geçirmek hi to block (a hat/a fez); to put (a shoe) on a last. — gibi oturmak /a/ colloq. (for a garment) to fit
471                                          kalitatif
   (s.o.) to a T. — gibi serilmek colloq. (for a very tired person) to lie stretched out like a log. — gibi uyumak colloq. to sleep like a log. — gibi yatmak colloq. to lie still, lie without moving a muscle, —tan kalıba girmek colloq. 1. to change one’s ideas whenever one finds it expedient. 2. to change jobs often. 3. (for the nature of a job) to be changing constantly. — kesilmek colloq. to be petrified. — kıyafetle adam adam olmaz, proverb Imposing looks and fine clothes don’t make the man. — kıyafet yerinde (—ı kıyafeti yerinde) colloq. imposing and well -dressed (man), —a koymak /i/ to put (a shoe) on a last. — sigarası machine-made cigarette, —a vurmak /ı/ to block (a hat/a fez).
kalıpçı 1. maker/seller of molds. 2. one who makes castings. 3. blocker, molder. kalıplama /ı/ 1. blocking, molding. 2. pressing (a material) into a mold. 3. testing (s.t.) with a template.
kalıplamak N 1. to block, mold. 2. to press (a material) into a mold. 3. to test (s.t.) with a template.
kalıplanma being blocked, being molded, kalıplanmak to be blocked, be molded, kalıplaşma 1. becoming a stereotype. 2. getting rigid, becoming inflexible, kalıplaşmak 1. to become stereotyped. 2. to get rigid, become inflexible, kalıplaşmış 1. stereotyped. 2. inflexible, rigid.
   —   iyelik gram, a stereotyped possessed form.
kalıplatma /ı, a/ having (s.t.) blocked/molded, kalıplatmak /i, a/ to have (s.t.) blocked/molded, kalıplı made/shaped by molds, blocked, kalıpsız 1. (fez) which has lost its shape. 2. colloq. ungainly, dowdy. — kıyafetsiz colloq. small and unprepossessing (man), kalıt, -ti 1. inheritance. 2. inherited characteristic, kalıtçı heir, inheritor.
kalıtım biol. heredity. — iplikçikleri biol. chromosomes, kalitimbilim (../..) biol. genetics, kalıtıma 1. (a) hereditarian. 2. hereditarian. kalıtımcılık hereditarianism. kalıtımsal hereditary, pertaining to heredity, kalıtsal hereditary, pertaining to heredity. — körlük-aptallık amaurotic family idiocy, kalibrasyon calibration, kalibre (./.) mil. caliber, kalifiye skilled (workman), kaliforniyum (../..) chem. californium, kaligrafi calligraphy, kaligrafik calligraphic, kaliks bot. calyx, kalinis (./.) zool. a rail, Rallus. kalinos (./.) zool. European sea bass, kalipso (./.) 1. dance done to calypso music.
   2.     calypso music, kalitatif qualitative. — analiz chem. qualita-
 kalite
472
kaloma
   tive analysis, kalite (./.) quality. — kontrolü quality control, testing for quality, kaliteli (./..) high in quality, of good quality, kalitesiz (./..) of poor quality, shoddy, kalitesizlik (./...) lack of quality, shoddiness. Balkan shield (carried by a warrior).
2kalkan zool. turbot, Psetta maxima. kalkanbezi, -ni (./..) anat. thyroid gland. — alıklığı path, cretinism, kalkanböceği, -ni (./...) zool. tortoise beetle, kalkanböcekleri, -ni (./....) zool. Chryso-melidae.
kalkancı maker/seller of shields, kalkanli armed with a shield; carrying a shield, kalkansi shieldlike, scutelliform, scutellate, scutate, kalker geol. limestone.
kalkerleşme calcification, becoming calcareous, kalkerleşmek to calcify, become calcareous, kalkerli calcareous. kalkersiz noncalcareous. kalkık 1. raised (window). 2. upturned (collar).
   3.  peeling (paint/skin). 4. upturned (nose).
   5.  (hair) which is bristling or standing on end.
kalkındırma improvement, development, making (s.t.) better, kalkındırmak /ı/ to develop, improve, make (s.t.) better.
kalkınma progress, improvement, development.
   —      hızı rate of economic development, —da öncelikli yöreler regions with development priorities. — planı development plan, kalkınmak to make progress, develop, advance, kalkış 1. rising; manner of rising. 2. departure, —a geçmek (for a plane) to take off, leave the ground. — varış (çizelgesi) timetable, kalkışmak /a/ to try to (do s.t. that is beyond one’s power or outside one’s authority), kalkma 1. going up, rising. 2. standing up, rising to one’s feet, getting up. 3. getting up, getting out of bed. 4. getting well, being back on one’s feet (after an illness). 5. leaving, departing (of a train/a plane/a bus/a ship). 6. being taken off, being raised. 7. /dan/ being taken away, being removed (from). 8. (of game/fowl) being raised, being flushed. 9. being reaped, being gathered. 10. rising, coming loose, peeling off. 11. (of a rule/a privilege) being annulled, being repealed, being abolished. 12. (of money) going out of circulation. 13. disappearing, ceasing to be available, being gone. 14. /a/ colloq. taking it into one’s head to (do s.t.). 15. /a/ colloq. starting/attempting/beginning to (do), trying (s.t.).
kalkmak 1. to go up, rise. 2. to stand up, rise to one’s feet, get up. 3. to get up, get out of bed. 4. to get well, be back on one’s feet (after an illness). 5. (for a train/a plane/a bus/ a ship) to teave, depart. 6. (for a cloth/a lid) to be taken off, be raised. 7. /dan/ (for s.t.)
   to be taken away, be removed (from). 8. (for game/fowl) to be raised, be flushed. 9. (for grain) to be reaped, be gathered. 10. to rise, come loose, peel off. 11. (for a rule/a privilege) to be annulled, be repealed, be abolished. 12. (for money) to go out of circulation. 13. to disappear, cease to be available, be gone. 14. /a/ colloq. to take it into one’s head to (do s.t.). 15. /a/ colloq. to start/ attempt/begin to (do), try (s.t.). kalk borusu reveille, the signal for reveille, kalk borusu çalmak 1. to sound reveille. 2. for reveille to be sounded, kalk gidelim etmek /i/ slang to swipe, walk off with, steal, kalk gidelim olmak slang to be swiped, be stolen, kalk işareti starting signal, kalkıp kalkıp oturmak colloq. to be boiling with anger, be hopping mad. kalkar köprü drawbridge, kalkojen chem. chalcogen. kalkolitik Chalcolithic, Aeneolithic. kalkopirit, -ti chalcopyrite, copper pyrites. Kalküta (./.) Calcutta (a city in India).
kallavi (.------) 1. hist, ceremonial turban worn
   by viziers. 2. large, huge, kalleş colloq. treacherous, backstabbing. kalleşçe (./.) colloq. treacherously, in a very low-down way. kalleşlik colloq. treachery, backstabbing, dirty work. — etmek to leave someone in the lurch, stab someone in the back, play someone a dirty trick, kalma 1. remaining, staying. 2. /dan/ left from, remaining from. 3. /dan/ handed down from, inherited from. 4. /dan/ dating from. — du-r.umu gram, the locative, the locative case, kalmak, -ır 1. to remain, be left; to be left over. 2. to stay (in a place temporarily). 3. to come to a halt, reach a standstill. 4. to fail (a class). 5. /a/ to be postponed to. 6. /a/ (for a matter) to be entrusted to (s.o.). 7. /a, dan/ (for s.t.) to be left to (s.o.) by (s.o. else).
   8. /dan/ colloq. to be kept from doing (s.t.).
   9. /la/ colloq. to be content with, go no further than. kala kala colloq. only ..., no more than ... (is left): Gelmesine kala kala bir gün kaldı. There’s only one day left until she comes, kaldı ki moreover, furthermore, kalsa/kalırsa /a/ 1. if you ask (my/his/her) opinion. 2. if it were left up to (s.o.). Kalsm. colloq. 1. Let’s leave it for the time being. 2. I’ve decided I don’t want it. kalır yeri olmamak /dan/ colloq. to be at least as good as.
kalmalı gram, locative. — tümleç gram, locative noun phrase with adverbial force. Kalmuk (/.) 1. (a) Kalmuck. 2. Kalmuck, of the Kalmucks or their language.
Kalmukça (./.) 1. Kalmuck, the Mongolian language of the Kalmucks. 2. (speaking/writing) in Kalmuck, Kalmuck. 3. Kalmuck (speech/ writing); spoken in Kalmuck; written in Kalmuck.
kaloma (./.) naut. slack of a hawser.
kalomel
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kaltak
kalomel chem. calomel, kalori calorie.
kalorifer central heating unit, furnace; central heating system. — dairesi furnace room. — kazanı boiler of a central heating unit, kaloriferci installer/repairer/tender of a central heating unit, furnaceman. kaloriferli centrally heated, kalorifersiz without central heating, kalorifik calorific, kalorimetre (.../.) calorimeter, kalorimetri (.../.) calorimetry, kaloş see galoş.
‘kalp, -bi 1. heart. 2. colloq. heart disease. 3. med. cardio-, cardi-. 4. med. cardiac. 5. colloq. sensitivity, sympathetic nature. 6. center, innermost part, heart. — acısı colloq. deep sorrow, y-ini açmak /a/ colloq. to bare one’s soul (to). — ağrısı 1. path, cardiodynia. 2. colloq. lovesickness, heartache. — ameliyatı heart surgery. — atışı hearbeat. — i atmak
    1. for one’s heart to beat. 2. colloq. to have one’s heârt jump (for joy, with excitement/ fear). — biçiminde heart-shaped, cordiform, cordate. —i bozuk colloq. malevolent. — bölgesi anat. cardiac region. — i bütün colloq. openhearted, candid, honest. — cerrahisi heart surgery, —ini çalmak Iml colloq. to steal (one’s) heart. — çarpıntısı tachycardia, palpitation of the heart. — i çarpmak
    1. for one’s heart to palpitate/flutter. 2. colloq. for one’s heart to beat wildly with excitement, for one’s heart to race. — dışzarı anat. pericardium. — dışzarı iltihabı path, pericarditis. —ini dinlemek colloq., see kalbinin sesini dinlemek, —ine doğmak colloq. to have a presentiment, have a feeling. — e dokunmak colloq. to hurt someone’s feelings, sadden someone, —inin en gizli köşesinde colloq. in the innermost recesses of one’s heart. — i fesat colloq. envious, grudging, —ten gelen sincere, heartfelt, from the heart.
    —i geniş colloq. carefree, easygoing, happy -go-lucky. — genişlemesi path, cardiectasis, enlargement of the heart, —ine girmek Iml colloq. to win the heart (of), —ine göre after one’s own heart. — hastalığı heart disease.
    —  hastalıkları mütehassısı/uzmanı heart specialist, cardiologist. — hastası cardiac patient. — hırıltısı cardiac murmur. — içzarı anat. endocardium. — içzarı iltihabı path. endocarditis. — ilacı heart medicine, —ine işlemek Iml colloq. to stir the heart (of), strike (a person) to the quick. — kalbe karşıdır. proverb (Heart faces heart.) Close friends instinctively know each other’s thoughts and actions, —ten kalbe yol vardır. proverb, see Gönülden gönüle yol vardır, —i kanamak colloq. to suffer mental anguish, feel-'very sad. — kapağı anat. cardiac valve. —i kararmak colloq. to lose one’s (religious) faith, leave the ranks of the faithful. — karıncığı anat. ventricle. — kası
   anat. myocardium. — kası iltihabı path. myocarditis, —ini kazanmak Iml colloq. to win the heart of. — i kink colloq. (s.o.) whose feelings are hyrt. —ini kırmak Iml colloq. to hurt (s.o.’s.) feelings, —inden kopmak colloq. to be neartfelt, be done/given generously and impulsively. — krizi heart attack. — kulakçığı anat. auricle, atrium. — kuvvetlendirici heart stimulant. — masajı heart massage, —ini okumak Iml colloq. to understand instinctively (another’s) feelings.
   —i olmak colloq. to have a weak heart, suffer from heart trouble. — olmamak /da/ colloq. to be merciless. — i parça parça olmak colloq. to feel great pity. — i rahat colloq. relieved, comforted. — sektesi heart attack, —inin sesini dinlemek colloq. to obey the dictates of one’s heart. —i sıcak colloq. warmhearted. — i sıkışmak to have a sudden chest pain. — sıkışması sudden chest pain.
   —i sızlamak colloq. to feel very sad inwardly. —i temiz colloq. kindly, well-meaning.
   —  üfürümü med. heart murmur, —ini vermek /a/ colloq. to give one’s heart (to). — vuruşu palpitation of the heart, —in yağ bağlaması path, cardiomyoliposis. — yetmezliği path, cardiac insufficiency, —in yolu mideden geçer, proverb The way to someone’s heart is through his stomach.
2kalp, -pi 1. counterfeit, false, forged, spurious. 2. colloq. (person) who’s not what he/she appears to be. — akçe 1. counterfeit coin. 2. colloq. (a) good-for-nothing, worthless person. — akçe sahibine döner, proverb A bad penny always turns up again. — kazanır, kaltaban gönenir. proverb (The fake gets rich and the cheater prospers.) If you deal with a con man, you’re sure to come out the loser. — para counterfeit money, kalpak calpac, calpack, kalpak, kalpakçı maker/seller of calpacs. kalpaklı (s.o.) who is wearing a calpac. kalpazan 1. counterfeiter. 2. swindler; unreliable person.
kalpazanlık 1. counterfeiting. 2. cheating, swindling.
kalp-damar med. cardiovascular. — cerrahisi cardiovascular surgery, kalplaşmak to start goldbricking; to start turning out shoddy work, kalplık 1. being counterfeit, spuriousness. 2.
   being averse to working, goldbricking. kalpsiz colloq. heartless, pitiless, ruthless, kalpsizlik colloq. heartlessness, pitilessness, kalseduan chalcedony, kalsit, -ti calcite. kalsiyum (/.,) chem. calcium, kaltaban 1. tricky, deceitful, unreliable. 2.
   trickster, shyster, con man. kaltabanlık 1. deceitfulness. 2. deceit; trick, kaltak 1. vulg. whore, slut, hussy. 2. saddle without a crupper. — kaşı pommel (of a saddle). — şiltesi saddle bolster.
kaltaklık
kaltaklık vulg. 1. prostitution. 2. whorish behavior.
kalubela              used in: —dan beri since
    the beginning of time, since day one. kalya (/.) squash/eggplant cooked with meat, onions, and butter, kalyon hist, galley, galleon, a ship with both sails and oars, kalyoncu hist, armed member of the crew of a galley, galiongee.
*kain shaman.
2kam mech. cam. — mili camshaft, kâm (—) wish, desire. — almak /dan/ to enjoy (s.t.) to the full, kama 1. dagger; poniard; dirk. 2. wedge (for splitting wood/stone). 3. breechblock, breech pin, breech plug (of a cannon). 4. mech. key; cotter. — basmak colloq. to win (when playing a game); to chalk up a victory. — tertibatı breech mechanism, kamacı maker/repairer of breechblocks, kamalama 1. lagging (in a mine). 2. stabbing with a dagger/a poniard/a dirk. 3. wedging, kamalamak hi 1. to stab (s.o./s.t.) with a dagger/a poniard/a dirk; to dagger; to poniard; to dirk. 2. to use a wedge to split (wood/stone), wedge, kamanço etmek (./.) /ı, a/ slang to turn over (s.t.) to, hand over (s.t.) to. kamara (./.) 1. ship’s cabin. 2. (a) house (in the British Parliament). — yolcusu cabin passenger.
kamarilla (../.) camarilla, power behind the throne.
kamarot, -tu steward (on a ship), kamarotluk duties of a ship’s steward, kamaşma 1. dazzling (of one’s eyes). 2. (of one’s teeth) being set on edge, kamaşmak 1. (for one’s eyes) to be dazzled. 2.
    (for one’s teeth) to be set on edge, kamaştırma l\l 1. dazzling (s.o.’s eyes). 2. setting (one’s teeth) on edge, kamaştırmak hi 1. to dazzle (s.o.’s eyes). 2. to set (one’s teeth) on edge.
Kamber 1. faithful slave of the Caliph Ali. 2. obs. faithful servant. —siz düğün olmaz (olur mu?) colloq. (You can’t have a feast without Kamber.) Of course we can’t leave him out.
kamber camber (of an automobile’s front wheels).
kambiyo (/..) 1. buying and selling of foreign currency, foreign exchange. 2. bank department dealing with foreign currency transactions. — belgiti see kambiyo senedi. — denetimi government control of transactions involving foreign currency. — kuru foreign exchange rate. — mevzuatı regulations governing foreign exchange. — senedi credit instrument used in foreign currency transactions.
kambiyocu (/...) 1. one who handles foreign currency transactions. 2. speculator in foreign
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        currency, kambiyum (/..) bot. cambium.
     Kamboçya (.•"•) 1. Cambodia. 2. Cambodian, of Cambodia.
     Kamboçyalı (./..) 1. (a) Cambodian. 2. Cambodian (person), kambriyen geol. the Cambrian period, the Cambrian.
     kambur 1. hump (in the back of a person/an animal). 2. humpback, hunchback. 3. humpbacked, hunchbacked; stooped. 4. bulging, projecting. 5. bulge, projection. —unu çıkarmak to hunch one’s back. — u çıkmak
        1. to become hunchbacked. 2. to be stooped (temporarily) after doing much bending and lifting. — felek colloq. cruel fortune. — kumbur colloq., see kambur zambur. — üstüne kambur (— kumbur üstüne) colloq. one trouble on top of another, one problem after another. — zambur colloq. very hunchbacked; very stooped.
     kamburbalina (./...) zool. humpback whale, Me gap ter a.
     kamburlaşma 1. becoming hunchbacked. 2.
        bulging out. kamburlaşmak 1. to become hunchbacked. 2.
        to bulge out. kamburlaştırma hi 1. hunching (one’s back).
        2. allowing (one’s back) to become permanently hunched. 3. making (s.t.) bulge out.
     kamburlaştırmak hi 1. to hunch (one’s back).
        2.    to allow (one’s back) to become permanently hunched. 3. to make (s.t.) bulge out. kamburluk 1. being hunchbacked. 2. protuberance.
     kamçı 1. whip. 2. naut. pendant, tail. 3. biol. flagellum. — başı coarse silk. — çalmak /a/ to whip. — kuyruk 1. a good variety of thin-tailed sheep having curly wool. 2. hairless tail. — şaklaması crack of a whip.
        —     şaklatmak to crack a whip. — vurmak /a/ to give (an animal/s .o.) a blow with a whip. — yemek to be whipped, kamçılama III 1. whipping, flogging, flagellating. 2. colloq. increasing, raising (s.o.’s feeling) to a higher pitch, kamçılamak III 1. to whip, flog, flagellate. 2. colloq. to increase, raise (s.o.’s feeling) to a higher pitch, kamçılanma 1. being whipped, being flogged.
        2.    colloq. (of a feeling) being raised to a higher pitch, kamçılanmak 1. to be whipped, be flogged. 2. colloq. (for a feeling) to be raised to a higher pitch.
     kamçılatma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) flogged, kamçılatmak /i, a/ to have (s.o.) flogged, kamçılı 1. having a whip. 2. biol. flagellate, flagellated. 3. colloq. oppressing, oppressive, tyrannical. kamçılılar zool. flagellates, Flagellata. kamelya (./.) bot. camellia, Camellia. kamer obs. moon.
kamera
 475
kan
kamera (./.) movie camera, Brit, cine-camera; television camera; video camera. — ekibi camera crew, kameraman cameraman, kamer balığı, -nı (./...) zool. ocean sunfish, Mola mola.
kameri ) obs. lunar. — ay lunar month.
   —     takvim lunar calendar. — yıl lunar year, kameriye arbor, bower.
Kamerun (./.) 1. Cameroon, the Republic of Cameroon. 2. Cameroonian, of Cameroon or its people.
Kamerunlu (./..) 1. (a) Cameroonian. 2. Cameroonian (person), kamet, -ti (—.) 1. obs. height, stature (of a person). 2. obs. fathom. 3. Islam a phrase recited by the imam at the beginning of the ritual prayer. — i artırmak/azdırmak/azıtmak colloq. to shout, yell; to throw a fit, have a tantrum; to make a scene. — getirmek Islam to recite the kamet at the beginning of the ritual prayer. —i uzatmak colloq., see kameti artırmak, kamga prov. chip (of wood), kamış 1. bot. reed; cattail, reed mace, Typha latifolia. 2. bot. bamboo, Bambusa. 3. made of reeds, reed. 4. fishing rod; fishing pole.
   4. colloq. penis. — atmak /a/ slang 1. to mess up, *fuck up. 2. to trick, pull a fast one on. K— Bayramı Sukkoth, the Feast of Tabernacles, the Feast of Booths. — kalem reed pen. — kemiği anat. fibula. —i kırmak slang to catch gonorrhea. — kovuk yapıları anat. corpora cavernosa penis. — koymak slang 1. /a/ to break up a friendship between (two persons). 2. to warn a prospective victim of a cardsharp. — kökleri anat. cura penis. — kulaklı (horse) with long, pointed ears. — a su yürümek slang (for a boy) to reach the age of puberty. — şekeri cane sugar.
kamışçık 1. jeweler’s blowpipe. 2. anat. clitoris, kamışkulak (./..) horse with long, pointed ears, kamışlı reedy, full of reeds, kamışlık reed bed; place overgrown with reeds, kamışsı reedlike.
kâmil (—.) 1. obs. perfect, complete, consummate. 2. obs. entire, full, whole. 3. mature and experienced (person). 4. Sufism (s.o.) who has reached spiritual maturity, who has become spiritually wise. 5. slang hashish, hash.
kâmilen ( — '..) completely, entirely, fully, wholly; all of ...: Atlarını kâmilen sattı. He sold all of his horses. Bu kumaş kâmilen pamuk. This cloth is pure cotton, kamineto (../.) 1. spirit lamp. 2. blowtorch, blowlamp, blast lamp, kamp, -pi 1. camp. 2. summer camp (for children/youth). 3. campground. 4. camping, —a çıkmak to go camping, —a girmek (for athletes) to go somewhere in the country for preseason training. — kurmak to pitch
    camp. — yeri campsite, campground, kampana (./.) 1. bell. 2. auto., mech. brake drum, —lar slang testicles, balls, nuts. — çalmak to ring a bell; to toll a bell, kampanaci (./..) 1. bell ringer. 2. slang charlatan, quack, mountebank, kampanya (..'.) 1. drive, campaign. 2. harvesting. — açmak (—ya girişmek) to start a campaign, begin a drive, kampçı camper.
kampçılık 1. camping. 2. being a camper, kamping, -gi campground, campsite. Kampuçya (./.) 1. Kampuchea. 2. Kampuchean, of Kampuchea.
Kampuçyalı (./..) 1. (a) Kampuchean. 2. Kampuchean (person), kamu 1. archaic all, the whole. 2. archaic everybody; everything. 3. the public. — çıkarı see kamu yararı. — davası law public prosecution. — düzeni public order, the peace. — hakları civil rights. — harcamaları public expenditure. — hizmeti a public service, a service that benefits the public generally. — hukuku civil law. — iktisadi teşekkülü state-owned economic enterprise.
   —   kesimi the public sector. — personeli civil servants. — sektörü see kamu kesimi.
   —   soruncasi law, see kamu davası. — türesi civil law. — yararı the public interest.
   —   yönetimi 1. the administrative activities of a government. 2. local government.
kamuflaj camouflage.
kamufle camouflaged. — etmek hi to camouflage.
kamulaştırılma nationalization, being nationalized; expropriation, being expropriated, kamulaştırılmak to be nationalized; to be expropriated.
kamulaştırma nationalization, nationalizing; expropriation, expropriating, kamulaştırmak hJ to nationalize; to expropriate.
kamuoyu, -nu (..'..) public opinion. — yoklaması opinion poll, kamus (—.) obs. (comprehensive) dictionary, kamusal public. — hizmetler public services, kamusallaşma nationalization, becoming nationalized, kamusallaşmak to be nationalized, kamutannci (./...) phil. 1. (a) pantheist. 2. pantheistic, pantheistical, kamutanrıcılık (./....) phil. pantheism, kamutay hist, joint session of the Turkish National Assembly and the Senate, kamyon 1. truck, Brit, lorry. 2. slang prostitute, kamyoncu 1. operator of a trucking firm. 2.
    truck driver, kamyonculuk 1. trucking, operation of a trucking firm. 2. truck driving, kamyonet, -ti pickup truck, pickup; panel truck; van.
kan 1. blood. 2. med. hem-, hemo-, hemi-, haem-, haemo-. 3. med. hemic, hematic. 4.
 kan                                                 476
 lineage, family. — ı ağır colloq. 1. dull and boring by nature. 2. sluggish by nature. — ağlamak colloq. to shed tears of blood, be deeply distressed. — akçesi blood money, wergeld. — akıtmak colloq. 1. to sacrifice an animal. 2. to shed blood. — akmak colloq. for blood to be shed. — akmaksizin colloq. without bloodshed. — akrabalığı blood relationship, consanguinity. — aktarımı med. blood transfusion. — aktarmak /a/ med. to give (s.o.) a blood transfusion.
 —  alacak daman bilmek colloq. to know where to turn for help. — alma med. bloodletting. — almak /dan/ med. to take blood (from), bleed. — aramak colloq. to be out for blood. — azlığı path, ischemia. — bağı blood tie. — bankası blood bank. — basımı .path, congestion. — basıncı blood pressure.
 —  basıncı yüksekliği high blood pressure, hypertension. — baskısı see kan basıncı. — başına sıçramak (— beynine çıkmak/vurmak) colloq. to get/have one’s blood up, see red, blow one’s top. — beyin engeli path. cerebral embolism. — boğmak /ı/ colloq. to die of a cerebral hemorrhage. — boşalmak colloq. to hemorrhage, —a boyamak lit colloq. to wreak carnage in (a place), —a boyanmak colloq. to be covered with blood.
 —i bozuk colloq. corrupt/evil by nature.
 —a bulamak /ı/ colloq., see kana boyamak.
 —a bulanmak colloq., see kana boyanmak.
 —  cisimciği biol. blood corpuscle. — çanağı gibi colloq. bloodshot (eyes). — çekme med. dry cupping. — ı çekmek /a/ colloq. to resemble (a parent) (in looks and in character).
 —  çıbanı path, boil, furuncle. — çıkar, colloq. Blood will flow./There will be a big fight. — çıkmak colloq. for blood to be spilled. — dalgası rush of blood to a part of the body, flush. — daman anat. blood vessel. — davası blood feud, vendetta. — değiştirme med. exchange transfusion, replacement transfusion, substitution transfusion. — deveranı see kan dolaşımı. — ı dindirmek to stanch blood. —ma dokunmak Iml colloq. to make (one’s) blood boil. — dolaşımı circulation of the blood. — ı donmak colloq. to be shocked, be horrified. — dökmek colloq. to shed blood. — dökücü colloq. bloodthirsty. —ına ekmek doğramak Iml colloq.
 1. to be glad that one has caused (another’s) death. 2. to benefit by having caused (another’s) misfortune, —mı emmek /in/ colloq. to exploit (s.o.) unmercifully. — gelmek to bleed. — ına girmek Iml colloq. 1. to have (s.o.’s) blood on one’s hands. 2. to deflower (a girl). 3. to damage, destroy. — gitmek /dan/ colloq. to bleed (while defecating/menstruating). — gövdeyi götürmek colloq. for much blood to be shed, for many people to be killed. — grubu blood group, blood type.
 -t- gütme colloq? blood feud, vendetta. — gütmek colloq. to seek blood vengeance, en-
                                                                                                       kan
 gage in a vendetta. — hücresi biol. blood cell, —i ısınmak /a/ colloq. to warm to, feel affectionate/sympathetic towards (s.o.). —mi içine akıtmak (—ı içine akmak) colloq. to hide one’s sorrows. — iğnesi med. hypodermic injection of blood-building medicine.
—   irinlenimi path, pyemia, septicemia. — istemek colloq. to be out for blood, want blood revenge. — işeme path, hematuria, —a kan! Blood for blood!/Death to the murderer! —a kan istemek colloq. to want blood revenge, —a kanmak colloq. to get used to shedding blood, become a callous murderer, —i kanla yıkamak colloq. to exact blood revenge. — ı kanla yumazlar, kanı su ile yurlar, proverb (Blood is not washed away with blood, but with water.) It is reconciliation, not bloodshed, that gets rid of enmity.
—   kanseri path, leukemia. — kardeşi colloq. blood brother. — kaybetmek to lose blood. — kaybı loss of blood. — ı kaynamak colloq. 1. to be full of beans, be full of pep. 2. /a/ to feel a sudden rush of affection for (s.o.). —lan kaynaşmak colloq. to come to like each other very quickly, become good friends in no time. — kesici med. styptic, hemostatic. — kırmızı blood-red, crimson, —i kurumak colloq. to be exasperated, —mı kurutmak Iml colloq. to exasperate, vex. — kusmak 1. to vomit blood. 2. colloq. to be extremely pained/grieved. — kusturmak /a/ colloq. to oppress (s.o.) unmercifully. — kusup kızılcık şerbeti içtim demek colloq. to hide one’s sufferings from others.
—   lekesi blood stain. — merkezi blood transfusion center. — muayenesi law blood test (to determine paternity). — nakli med. blood transfusion. — oksijensizliği med. anoxemia. — olmak colloq. for murder to take place, (aralarında) — olmak colloq. to be involved in a blood feud, —mda olmak colloq. to run in the blood of, be in one’s blood. — oturmak /a/ to have a subcutaneous hemorrhage. — oturması subcutaneous hemorrhage. —ıyla ödemek III colloq. to pay with one’s life (for). — ı pahasına colloq. at the cost of one’s life. — pıhtılaşması blood coagulation. — plazması blood plasma. — portakalı blood orange. — re van içinde colloq. 1. bleeding profusely. 2. covered with blood. — sağlantısı blood supply.
—   sayımı med. blood count. — serumu blood serum. — ı sıcak colloq. outgoing, friendly, warm, sociable. — ı soğuk colloq. unsociable, reserved, cold. — ı sulanmak colloq. to get anemia. — sulanması colloq. anemia. —a susamak colloq. to thirst for blood.
—ma susamak colloq. 1. to court death. 2. Iml to thirst for (s.o.’s) blood, —a susamış colloq. bloodthirsty. — şekeri blood sugar.
—   şekeri azlığı path, hypoglycemia. — tahlili blood analysis, blood test. — ter içinde colloq. dripping with sweat. — ter içinde
kana
477
kanatlanma
   kalmak colloq. to be soaked with sweat. — testi blood test. — toplağı path, hematoma.
   —  toplanması blood blister. — tutmak hJ colloq. 1. to faint at the sight of blood. 2. to be unnerved and unable to flee (after committing a murder). 3. to die suddenly and unexpectedly. — tükürme spitting of blood, hemoptysis. — uyuşmazlığı blood incompatibility. — verme med. blood transfusion.
   —  vermek /a/ 1. med. to give a blood transfusion (to). 2. to donate blood (to a blood bank). — yutmak colloq. to suffer a lot, endure much suffering. — yürümesi path, hyperemia. — yüzüne çıkmak colloq. to get angry, blow one’s top. — zehirlenmesi blood poisoning.
kana (/.) naut. load line (on the prow/stern of a ship).
kanaat, -ti 1. opinion, belief; conviction: umumi kanaat public opinion, kanaatimce in my opinion. 2. believing, being of the opinion that: Paşanın bizi ziyaret edeceğine kanaatim yok. I don’t believe the pasha’s going to visit us. 3. being content with what one has, contentment with what one has. 4. being satisfied with a small/a moderate amount; frugality; moderation. 5. acceptance of what fate metes out to one. (bir) — beslemek to cherish the idea of ...: Beni yanlarına alacaklar diye bir kanaat besliyor. He cherishes the idea of their taking him along. — dönemi semester (of an academic year). — etmek 1. /la or a/ to be content with, be satisfied with; to content o.s. with. 2. /a/ to accept (what fate metes out to one). — getirmek /a/ to be convinced, be persuaded, believe. — gibi devlet olmaz, proverb The person who is content with little is the person who’s truly wealthy. — hürriyeti obs. freedom of thought. — notu final grade (given at the end of either a semester or a school year). — notu dönemi semester (of an academic year), —inde olmak to believe, be of the opinion that ...: Bir büyünün vaziyeti değiştireceği kanaatinde değilim. I don’t think a magic spell will change things.
   —  sahibi 1. person who is content with what he/she has. 2. person who is content with little. 3. person who accepts what fate metes out to him/her. — uyandırmak /da/ to give (s.o.) (a certain) idea: Öyle yaparsan herkeste kötü bir kanaat uyandırırsın. If you do that you’ll cause people to think badly of you.
kanaatkar 1. (s.o.) who is content with what he/she has. 2. (s.o.) who is content with little.
   3. (s.o.) who accepts what fate metes out to him/her.
kanaatkârlık 1. being contcnt with what one has. 2. being content with little. 3. acceptance of what fate metes out to one.
kanaatli see kanaatkâr.
kanaçiçeği, -ni (/....) bot. canna, Canna.
Kanada (./.) 1. Canada. 2. Canadian, of Canada or the Canadians, kanadageyiği, -ni (./....) zool. elk, wapiti, Cervus canadensis. kanadakoyunu, -nu (./....) zool. bighorn, bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis. kanadakunduzu, -nu (./....) zool. American beaver, Castor canadensis.
Kanadali (./..) 1. (a) Canadian. 2. Canadian (person).
kanadiyen 1. (fleece-lined) sheepskin jacket, sheepskin. 2. windbreaker, light jacket, kanağan credulous, gullible, kanağanlık credulity, gullibility, kanaktanm (/...) med. blood transfusion, kanal 1. canal. 2. anat. duct, canal. 3. communications channel, television channel. 4. groove, channel; mortise. (...) — ıyla by way of, by means of, through. — açmak to open a channel. — havuzu canal lock. — resmi canal fee. — tedavisi dent, root canal operation, root canal, kanalcık canaliculus.
kanalizasyon sewer system. — borusu sewer, kanama bleeding, hemorrhage, kanamak to bleed, kanape (./.) see 2kanepe. kanara slaughterhouse.
kanarya (./.) zool. canary, Serinus canarius. — sarısı canary yellow.
Kanarya Adaları, -m (./.) the Canary Islands, kanaryaçiçeği, -ni (./....) bot. canary bellflower, Canarina campanula. kanaryalık (./..) aviary for canaries, kanaryaotu, -nu (./...) bot. canary grass, Phalaris canariensis. kanat 1. wing (of a bird/an aircraft/a building/ a party/an army). 2. fin (of a fish). 3. leaf (of a door/a hinged window). 4. vane (of a propeller/a windmill). 5. paddle, paddle board (of a paddle wheel). 6. panel (of a curtain).
   7.    side (of a flat-bed wagon/truck). — açısı sweepback angle of a wing. — alıştırmak colloq. to practice, get used to doing something. —i altında Iml colloq. under one’s wing, under one’s protection. — ı altma almak l\l colloq. to take (s.o.) under one’s wing, —i altma sığınmak Iml colloq. to take refuge under the wing of. — germek /a/ colloq. to take (s.o.) under one’s protection. — kırmak slang to go back on one’s word. — taarruzu mil. flank attack. — uzunluğu wing span. — vuruşu wingbeat, wing stroke, kanata (./.) a wide-mouthed jug. kanatçık 1. aileron. 2. winglet, alula, bastard wing. 3. bot. wing, kanatlandırma 111 1. colloq. making (s.o.) jump for joy. 2. slang swiping, stealing, snitching, walking off with, kanatlandırmak 111 1. colloq. to make (s.o.) jump for joy. 2. slang to swipe, steal, snitch, walk off with, kanatlanma 1. developing wings. 2. taking
kanatlanmak
 478
kanıklanmak
   wing. 3. colloq. becoming powerful, kanatlanmak 1. to develop wings. 2. to take wing. 3. colloq. to become powerful, kanatlı 1. winged. 2. finned. — karınca zool. termite, white ant. — meyve bot. samara, key fruit. — pencere casement window, casement, kanatma hi making (s.t.) bleed, kanatmak hi to make (s.t.) bleed, kanatsi winglike, pteroid. kanatsız wingless, apterous. — kuş uçmaz. proverb (A wingless bird can’t fly.) A person can’t reach his/her goal without the means to do so.
kanatsızlar zool. apterous insects, Apterygota. kanava (./.) see kanaviçe. kanaviçe (../.) embroidery canvas, kanbilim (/..) hematology, kanbilimci (/...) hematologist, kanca 1. grappling hook, grapnel. 2. kettle hook (in a hearth). 3. hook. 4. hooked clasp. — yi takmak/atmak /a/ colloq. 1. to pester, pick on. 2. to wish (s.o.) bad luck, kancalama III 1. hooking. 2. grappling. 3. colloq. pestering, picking on. kancalamak hi 1. to hook. 2. to grapple. 3. colloq. to pester, pick on. kancalı provided with a hook, hooked. —* iğne safety pin.
                                                           kancalikurt (../.) zool. hookworm, Ancylos-s toma. — hastalığı/sayrılığı path, hookworm disease, ancylostomiasis, kancık 1. female animal; bitch. 2. female (animal). 3. slang sneaky, low-down, backstabbing. 4. slang woman, *bitch. 5. slang whore, kancıkça (./.) slang 1. treacherously, sneakily.
   2. treacherous, sneaky.
kancıklık slang treachery, sneakiness, deceit. — etmek to do something sneaky, stab someone in the back, kançılar official in a consular or embassy secretariat.
kançılarlık 1. duties/rank of a consular or embassy secretary. 2. consular or embassy secretariat.
kançılarya (../.) consular or embassy secretariat.
kandaş 1. related by blood. 2. blood relative, kandaşlık blood relationship, consanguinity, kandıra (/..) bot., see kandiraotu. kandıraotu, -nu (/....) bot. bushgrass, Calama-grostis epigejos. kandırıcı 1. deceptive, beguiling. 2. convincing.
   3. thirst-quenching.
kandırıcılık 1. deceptiveness. 2. convincingness.
   3.     thirst-quenching quality, kandırılma 1. being deceived, being fooled, being taken in. 2. being persuaded, being convinced.
                                                           kandırılmak 1. to be deceived, be fooled, be taken in. 2. to be persuaded, be convinced, kandırma hi 1. deceiving, deception, fooling, taking (s.o.) in. 2. persuading, persuasion,
   convincing. 3. quenching (s.o.’s) thirst, kandırmaca bluff. — yapmak to bluff, kandırmak hi 1. to deceive, fool, take (s.o.) in. 2. to persuade, convince. 3. to quench (s.o.’s) thirst, kandil 1. oil lamp shaped like a small glass bowl. 2. kerosene lamp. 3. one of five Islamic holy nights when the minarets are illuminated. 4. slang very drunk, dead drunk.
   —     çöreği see kandil simidi. — gecesi one of five Islamic holy nights when the minarets are illuminated: Mevlit, Regaip, Miraç, Berat, Kadir. — günü the day preceding a kandil. — simidi a savory, ring-shaped biscuit eaten on a kandil gecesi. — topu glass bowl of an oil lamp. — yağı olive oil that is poor in quality, —in yağı tükenmek colloq. to breathe one’s last breath, die. kandilböceği, -ni (./...) zool. glowworm, Lam-pyris noctiluca. kandilci formerly tender of oil lamps in a mosque.
kandilçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. milfoil, yarrow, Achillea millefolium. kandilleşme exchanging kandil greetings, kandilleşmek to exchange kandil greetings, kandilli 1. illuminated by an oil lamp. 2. slang very drunk, dead drunk. — küfür colloq. violent swearing; resounding oath. — selam/ temenna elaborate, old-fashioned salutation in which the hand is raised from the ground in several movements, kandillik 1. chandelier/stand for oil lamps. 2.
   pertaining to an Islamic holy night, kanemi used in: — olmak slang to blush (from embarrassment).
1 kanepe (./.) couch, sofa, settee.
2kanepe (./.) canape.
kaneviçe (../.) see kanaviçe.
kangal 1. coil (of sausages/rope/wire). 2. anat.
   loop, ansa, kangallama hi coiling (s.t.) (up), kangallamak hi to coil (s.t.) (up), kangallanma being coiled, being gathered up in coils.
kangallanmak to be coiled, be gathered up in coils.
kangren path, gangrene. — olmak to hav& gangrene; to become gangrenous, kangrenleşme 1. path, becoming gangrenous.
   2. colloq. hitting a dead end. kangrenleşmek 1. path, to become gangrenous.
   2.    colloq. to hit a dead end. kanguru zool. kangaroo, Macropodidae. kangurufaresi, -ni (../—..) zool. rat kangaroo, potoroo, Potorous. kangurugiller zool. Macropodidae. kanı opinion, view, kanık satisfied, content.
kanıklanma /la/ prov. being satisfied (with), being content (with), kanıklanmak /la/ prov. to be satisfied (with), be content (with).
kanıklık
479
kantar
kanıklık satisfaction, contentedness, kanıkma /a/ prov. being content (with), being satisfied (with), kanıkmak /a/ prov. to be content (with), be satisfied (with), kanıksama /ı/ 1. becoming inured to. 2. becoming surfeited with, becoming sick of. kanıksamak hi 1. to become inured to. 2. to become surfeited with, become sick of. kanırma hi trying to twist, bend, or pry (s.t.) loose.
kanırmaç see kanırtmaç, kanırmak hi to (try to) twist, bend, or pry (s.t.) loose.
kanırtma 111 twisting, bending, or prying (s.t.) loose.
kanırtmaç crowbar, lever.
kanırtmak hi to twist, bend, or pry (s.t.) loose.
kanış opinion.
kanıt, -ti 1. evidence, proof. 2. log. premise, kanıtlama proof, proving, kanıtlamak hi to prove, kanıtlanma being proved, kanıtlanmak to be proved, kanıtlı supported by evidence, proven, kanitsama III accepting (s.t.) as evidence, kanitsamak hi to accept (s.t.) as evidence, kani, -ii (—.) 1. convinced, persuaded. 2. obs. (s.o.) who is content with what he/she has.
   3.    obs. (s.o.) who is content with little. 4. obs. (s.o.) who accepts what fate metes out to him/her. — olmak 1. /a/ to be convinced of (s.t.). 2. obs. to be content with little; /la/ to be content with. 3. obs. to accept what fate metes out to one. kaniş poodle, kankan cancan (a dance), kankurutan bot. mandrake, Mandragora officinarum.
kanlama hi staining (s.t.) with blood; smearing (s.t.) with blood, kanlamak hi to stain (s.t.) with blood; to smear (s.t.) with blood, kanlandırma hi 1. making (s.t.) bloody, smearing (s.t.) with blood. 2. revitalizing, revitalization; invigorating, invigoration. 3. making (an eye) bloodshot. 4. causing (s.t.) to become filled with blood, kanlandırmak hi \ .to make (s.t.) bloody, smear (s.t.) with blood. 2. to revitalize; to invigorate. 3. to make (an eye) bloodshot. 4. to cause (s.t.) to become filled with blood, kanlanma 1. becoming bloodstained. 2. becoming revitalized; becoming vigorous. 3. (an eye’s) becoming bloodshot. 4. becoming filled with blood, kanlanmak 1. to become bloodstained. 2. to become revitalized; to become vigorous. 3. (for an eye) to become bloodshot. 4. (for s.t.) to become filled with blood: Kene kanlandı. The tick’s become filled with blood, kanlı 1. bloody, bloodstained, smeared with blood. 2. very rare (meat). 3. bloody, san-
   guinary. 4. bloodshot. 5. colloq. guilty of murder, bloodguilty. 6. colloq. vigorous, robust. — basur path, dysentery. — bıçaklı olmak colloq. 1. to get into a bloody fight. 2. to be out for each other’s blood. — canlı colloq. vigorous, robust. — gömlek gizlenemez. proverb, see Al gömlek gizlenemez. — katil colloq. bloodthirsty criminal, notorious murderer. — sürgün path., see kanlı basur, kanlılık bloodiness.
kanma 1. /a/ being fooled (by), being taken in (by). 2. /a/ believing. 3. /a/ having had one’s fill (of). 4. /la/ being contented (with), being satisfied (with), kanmak 1. /a/ to be fooled (by), be taken in (by). 2. /a/ to believe. 3. /a/ to have had one’s fill (of). 4. /la/ to be contented (with), be satisfied (with), kana kana içmek to drink one’s fill, kanmış convinced, kano canoe.
kanon 1. mus. canon. 2. phil. canon, totality of principles.
kanonik 1. phil. (a) canonic, system of philosophical/logical canons. 2. phil. canonical, pertaining to a canonic. 3. math, canonical.
   4.     mus. canonic, pertaining to a canon, kanonlu mus. canonic, pertaining to a canon.
   —      taklit mus. canon, kanotiye 1. boater, man^s straw hat with a flat crown and a straight brim. 2. boater, woman’s hat which resembles a man’s boater, kanotye see kanotiye. kansa see konsa.
kanser path, cancer. — ilacı slang 1. stupid, dimwitted. 2. uncouth, crude. 3. blockhead, numskull. 4. uncouth lout. — olmak 1. to have cancer. 2. to become cancerous. — yapıcılar carcinogens, kanserbilim (./..) cancrology, cancerology. kanserleşme canceration. kanserleşmek to become cancerous, cancerate. kanserli 1. cancerous. 2. suffering with cancer, kanserojen carcinogenic, cancerogenic. — madde (a) carcinogen, kanseroloji see kanserbilim. kansivi (/..) blood plasma. — göze plasma cell, plasmacyte. kansız 1. bloodless, lacking in blood; anemic.
   2.     colloq. cowardly, spineless. 3. not attended by bloodshed, bloodless. — cansız colloq. anemic and feeble, kansızlaşma getting anemic, kansızlaşmak to get anemic, kansızlık path, anemia, kant hot lemonade.
kantar 1. steelyard, lever scales. 2. scales (for vehicles), weighbridge. 3. formerly a weight of about 56.5 kilos, kantar, can tar. — ağası Ott. hist, an official who checked the accuracy of scales in the market. — ı belinde colloq. alert, not to be fooled, —a çekmek hi
   1.  to weigh (with a steelyard). 2. colloq. to
 kantarcı                                          480
   weigh in one’s mind, —a gelmek colloq. to be weighable. — kabağı a large kind of pumpkin; dipper gourd. — kavunu a large kind of muskmelon. — kolu arm of a steelyard. — parasi/resmi formerly weighing fee.
   —   topu ball of a steelyard. — m topunu kaçırmak colloq. to overstep the limit, go to extremes, —a vurmak hi see kantara çekmek.
kantarcı 1. maker/seller of steelyards. 2. formerly an official who collected a market tax by weight, kantarcılık making/selling steelyards, kantariye (.— ..) formerly tax levied on things weighed.
kantarlı slang 1. violent (oath). 2. violent swearing; violent oath. — yı atmak/basmak/ çekmek to cuss a blue streak. — küfür violent swearing; violent oath. — yı savurmak see kantarlıyı atmak, kantarma tongue bit for a horse, kantaron bot. centaury, Centaurium erythraea.
   —      yağı centaury oil. kantaşı, -m (/..) 1. bloodstone, heliotrope. 2.
   alum.
kantat, -ti mus. cantata, kantata (./.) mus., see kantat, kantatris cantatrice.
kantin 1. canteen, snack bar (of a school/a factory/barracks). 2. slang lie, story. — atmak slang to tell lies, tell stories, kantinci operator of a canteen, kantincilik operation of a canteen, kantitatif quantitative. — analiz chem. quantitative analysis, kantite quantity.
kanto (.'.) fin-de-siecle cabaret song, kantocu (/..) fin-de-siecle cabaret chanteuse. kanton canton.
*kanun (—.) 1. law, statute, act. 2. law of nature; scientific law. —a aykırı illegal; incompatible with the law. —a aykırı olarak in violation of the law, illegally, —da boşluk legal loophole, —la çatışmak to fall afoul of the law. —a dayanmak to be based on a law. — dışı illegal. — gücü legal force, legal power. — hükmünde (s.t.) that has the force of law, that is as good as a law.
   —u kabul etmek to pass a law. — kitabı digest of the laws regulating a particular subject. — kuvveti see kanun gücü. — layihası bill, draft of a law. — maddesi article of a law. — nazarmda/muvacehesinde in the eyes of the law. —a sığınmak to appeal to the law. — sözcüsü public prosecutor attached to the Council of State. — tasarısı bill, draft of a law. — tefsiri interpretation of the law. — teklifi bill (of a law), —a uygun legal; compatible with the law. — yapmak to enact a law. — yolu ile by legal means.
2kanun ( —.) a zither-like instrument with seventy-two strings.
kapakçık
kanunen (-------.) by law, according to law, le-
    gally.
*kanuni (— — —) lawful, legal, legitimate; statutory. — yollara başvurmak to take legal steps, go to court.
2kanuni (----------) player of a kanun.
kanuniesasi (— ——) obs., law, see kanunuesasi.
kanuniyet, -ti (-----..) legal force, legality. —
    kesbetmek to become a law, acquire the force of law. kanunlaşma (—...) becoming law. kanunlaşmak (—...) to become law. kanunlaştırma (—....) hi legalizing, kanunlaştırmak (—....) hi to legalize, kanunname (—.—.) digest of the laws regulating a particular subject, kanunsuz (—..) 1. not covered by a law. 2.
    unlawful, illegal. 3. colloq. lawless (person), kanunsuzluk (—...) 1. nonexistence of law. 2. unlawfulness, illegality. 3. lawlessness, lawless activity/behavior, kanunuesasi (------\.-------) obs., law constitu-
    tion, the body of laws that sets forth the powers and the duties of a state and the rights of that state’s citizens, kânunuevvel (— —...) obs. December, kânunusani (— —.— —) obs. January, kanül, -lü surg. cannula, kanyak brandy, cognac, kanyon geog. canyon, kaolin kaolin, kaolinit, -ti kaolinite. kaos (/.) chaos, kaotik chaotic.
Kap 1. Cape Town, Capetown (in South Africa). 2. Cape Province (in South Africa).
   —   eyaleti Cape Province. — kolonisi obs. Cape Colony. — şehri Cape Town, Capetown.
*kap, -bı 1. pot, vessel. 2. container, receptacle; cover; case. 3. dish, plate (of food). — kacak pots and pans. — ma (kaçağına) sığmamak colloq. to be overjoyed; to be very impatient, be champing at the bit.
2kap, -pi (woman’s) cape, kapacık 1. small lid. 2. anat. valvule, valvula, valvelet. kapaç valve.
Kapadokya (../.) 1. Cappadocia. 2. Cappa-docian, of Cappadocia.
Kapadokyali (../..) 1. (a) Cappadocian. 2. Cap-padocian (person), kapak 1. lid, cover. 2. door (of a cupboard, wardrobe, etc.). 3. stopper, tap. 4. geom. segment (of a sphere). 5. anat. valve. 6. (book) cover. 7. slang a kind of cheating (especially in poker). — ı atmak /a/ colloq. to escape to. — kâğıdına pişti vermek slang to do something stupid; to behave stupidly. — kızı cover girl. — pencere naut. hinged skylight.
   —   taşı stone cover/lid.
kapakçık anat. valvule, valvula, valvelet.
 kapakeyif
kapakeyif slang hashish.
                                                          kapaklanma 1. falling flat on one’s face. 2.
                                                           naut. capsizing, overturning (of a sailboat), kapaklanmak 1. to fall flat on one’s face. 2.
    naut. (for a sailboat) to capsize, overturn, kapaklı lidded; furnished with a cover; doored, kapaklık stone cover/lid. kapaksız lidless; coverless; doorless. kapalı 1. shut, closed; covered. 2. covered, roofed (market, inner courtyard). 3. (woman) who keeps her head covered. 4. indirect, oblique (words). 5. secret (meeting). 6. overcast (sky). 7. blocked (road/passage). — celse closed session, executive session. — çarşı covered market. — devre elec. 1. closed circuit. 2. closed-circuit. — devre televizyon sistemi closed-circuit television. — duruşma law closed hearing. — dükkâna kira vermek slang 1. to betroth one’s son to a girl.
   2. to get engaged to a girl. — ekonomi closed economy. — geçmek /ı/ colloq. not to bring (s.t.) up (during a discussion). — gişe oynamak to play to a full house. — hava overcast sky. — havza geog. interior basin. — hece gram, closed syllable, syllable ending in a consonant. — kalp ameliyatı med. closed-heart surgery. — kutu colloq.
   1. inscrutable person. 2. thing that one knows very little about. — liman sheltered harbor.
   —  oturum closed session, executive session.
   —  sekilik covered grandstand. — sistem closed system. — sözler hints, innuendoes.
   —  toplum closed society. — tribün covered grandstand. — yer korkusu claustrophobia. ■— yetişmek colloq. to be brought up without having much contact with other people. — yüzme havuzu indoor swimming pool. — zarf usulü ile by sealed tender.
kapalıca 1. indefinite, unclear, vague. 2. vaguely, indefinitely.
                                                          Kapalıçarşı (../..) the Grand Bazaar, the Covered Bazaar (in Istanbul), kapalılık 1. being closed. 2. indirection, obliqueness (of words), kapalitohumlular (../....) bot. Angiospermae. kapama 1. closing, closure. 2. lamb stewed in a covered pot with lettuce and green onions.
   3. formerly a complete suit of ready-made clothes. 4. mistress, concubine.
kapamacı formerly dealer in ready-made clothing, kapamaç latch.
kapamak 1. /ı/ to close, shut. 2. /i/ to plug up, stop up. 3. hi to block (a view/a road). 4. hi to cover, conceal, hide, obscure; to veil. 5. hi to close down, shut down (a business); to suppress, abolish (an organization). 6. hi to turn off (a faucet/electricity/a radio). 7. hi to settle, pay up (an account). 8. hi to drop (a matter). 9. /i, a/ to lock up (s.o./s.t.) in (a place). 10. hJ to stockpile, hoard. 11. h! to close up (the space between rows/ranks). 12. hi to reduce (the space between printed
481                                         kapatılma
    lines).
2kapamak prov. cover, thing used to cover something.
*kapan 1. trap; snare (for animals). 2. colloq. trap, trick, —a düşmek colloq. to fall into a trap, —a düşürmek hi colloq. to entrap, —a girmek colloq., see kapana düşmek. — kurmak to set a trap, —a tutulmak/yakalanmak colloq., see kapana düşmek. 2kapan prov., see 2kapanca.
‘kapanca 1. small trap (for animals). 2. trap, trick.
2kapanca prov. reed mat used to protect seedlings.
                                                         kapanduygu (./..) idiopathy. kapanık 1. closed, shut. 2. gloomy, oppressive (place); overcast (weather). 3. shut in, confined. 4. shy, unsociable, withdrawn. 5. /la/ covered with, kapanıklık 1. gloominess, oppressiveness;
    cloudiness. 2. shyness, kapanış closure, becoming closed/shut. — fiyatı closing price. — saati closing time (for a business).
kapaniçe (../.) formerly a fur cloak with a wide collar (worn by the sultan and high state officials).
kapanma 1. closure, becoming shut. 2. being blocked off. 3. being covered, being concealed. 4. being closed down, closedown; being dissolved; going out of business; shutdown. 5. /a/ withdrawing (to). 6. /üstüne/ hunching down (closely) to/over. 7. being locked up. 8. (a woman’s) veiling herself. 9. coming to an end, ceasing. 10. healing (of a wound). 11. (the sky’s) becoming cloudy. 12. /a/ secluding o.s. in. kapanmak 1. to close, be shut. 2. to be blocked off. 3. to be covered, be concealed. 4. to be closed down; to be dissolved; to go out of business; to shut down. 5. /a/ to withdraw (to). 6. /üstüne/ to hunch down (closely) to/ over. 7. to be locked up. 8. (for a woman) to veil herself. 9. to come to an end, cease. 10. (for a wound) to heal. 11. (for the sky) to become cloudy. 12. /a/ to seclude o.s. in. kapantı phon. stop.
kapari (./.) 1. bot. caperbush, caper, Capparis spinosa. 2. caper, bud or berry of a caperbush.
kaparo (./.) earnest money, deposit, kaparoz slang pickings, swag, spoils. — etmek hi to steal, swipe, pinch, nick, kaparozcu slang thief, nicker; swindler, con man.
kaparozculuk slang stealing; swindling, kaparozlama hi slang stealing, swiping, pinching, nicking, kaparozlamak hf slang to steal, swipe, pinch, nick, kapasite capacity.
kapatılma 1. being closed, being made to close, closure. 2. being closed down, closedown;
 kapatılmak                                         482
                                                           being suppressed, being abolished; shutdown, kapatılmak 1. to be closed, be made to close.
   2. to be closed down; to be suppressed, be abolished; to be shut down, kapatma 1. closing, closure, shutting. 2. closing down; suppressing abolishing; shutting down. 3. mistress, concubine. 4. goods bought cheaply by trickery. 5. basketball blocking (an opposing player), kapatmak hi 1. close, shut; to cover. 2. to buy (s.t.) cheaply by trickery. 3. to keep (a mistress). 4. to close down; to suppress, abolish; to shut down, kapayici zipper.
kapçak large hook with a long handle, kapçık 1. small container. 2. (shotgun/rocket) shell. 3. bot. pod, capsule. — meyve bot. nut.
                                                          kapela (./.) 1. hat; cap. 2. naut. truck, kapı 1. door. 2. gate. 3. possibility. 4. formerly government office. 5. place of work. 6. comp. port. 7. backgammon a point. — sinda in the household of. —sı açık colloq. hospitable.
   —   açmak /dan/ colloq. to mention, bring up. —yı açmak colloq. 1. to begin. 2. to be the first, break the ice. 3. /dan/ to bring up (a topic) which will lead to the main point.
   —   ağası Ott. hist, the chief white eunuch in the sultan’s palace. — almak backgammon to get two men on a point, block appoint. — aralığı slang bastard. — sim aşındırmak Iml colloq. to visit (s.o.) often. — baca açık colloq. unprotected (place). — bir komşu colloq. next-door neighbor. — yı büyük açmak colloq. 1. to embark on an expensive undertaking. 2. to spend money prodigally.
   —sıııda büyümek Iml colloq. to grow up in the household of. — sim çalmak Iml 1. to knock at (s.o.’s) door. 2. colloq. to resort to, seek help from. — yı çekmek to shut the door. — çerçevesi door frame. — çuhadarı Ott. hist, a messenger in government offices.
   —   daman anat. portal vein. — ya dayanmak colloq. to heave into sight, be pounding at the door, be upon one. — dışarı etmek hi colloq. to show (s.o.) the door, throw (s.o./ an animal) out. — duvar olmak colloq. for no one to answer the door (after repeated knocking). — gibi colloq. strapping. — halkı
   1.  Ott. hist, those under the authority of a pasha in peace/war. 2. the servants in a wealthy household. (...) — nm ipini çekmek colloq. to call on (so many) people. — kadar colloq. huge, enormous. — kâhyası Ott. hist., see kapı kethüdası, —dan kapıya door-to-door. — kapı dolaşmak colloq. 1. to visit many people. 2. to go from office to office (trying to get one’s business done). — kethüdası Ott. hist, a provincial governor’s official representative in Istanbul. — yı kırıp odun etmek colloq. 1. to give up something precious in order to get out of a difficulty.
   2.  to become desperately poor. — sma kilit
                                                                                        kapıoğlanı
   vurmak /m/ colloq. 1. to lock up (a place). 2. to close down (a business). — kolu door handle. — komşu colloq. next-door neighbor, —dan kovsan/kovulsa bacadan düşer/girer. colloq. (If you drive him/her out through the door he/she comes back in through the chimney.) He’s/She’s shamelessly persistent. — kuzusu wicket (in a large door/gate). — mandalı 1. door latch. 2. colloq. person whom no one considers important. — numarası street number (of a house). —yi odun etmek colloq. 1. to give up something precious in order to get out of a difficulty.
   2. to become desperately poor, —sı olmak Iml colloq. to require (so much money): Bu, elli milyon liranın kapısıdır. This will cost you fifty million liras. — tokmağı knocker, door knocker. — toplardamarı anat. portal vein. — tutmak colloq. to take a job. — yi vurmak to knock at the door. — yapmak colloq. 1. /a/ to lead up to (a subject/a request) gently. 2. to visit (a specified number of) homes. 3. backgammon to get two men on a point, block a point. — sim yapmak Iml colloq. to lead up to (a subject/a request) gently. — yavrusu see kapı kuzusu. — yoldaşı colloq. fellow employee; fellow servant.
   —     zinciri door chain, kapıcı doorkeeper; maintenance man (for a large building), kapıcık bot. micropyle.
kapıcılık work of a doorkeeper or maintenance man.
kapıkulu, -nu (./..) Ott. hist, member of those troops directly under the sultan’s command, kapılandırma /ı, a/ placing (s.o.) in the service (of).
kapılandırmak /ı, a/ to place (s.o.) in the service (of).
kapilanduygu (../..) abnormal suggestibility, kapılanma /a/ finding a job (with), entering the service (of), kapılanmak /a/ to find a job (with), enter the service (of), kapılgan 1. easily influenced, susceptible. 2.
   easily deceived. 3. quick to fall in love, kapilgi caprice, whim, kapilgm capricious.
kapılı 1. doored; gated. 2. formerly holding a government job. — bacali colloq. complete, finished, ready for use (house/apartment). — bacalı olmak colloq. to have a disagreement, get into a dispute, kapılma 1. being seized, being grabbed. 2. /a/ trusting in (s.o.) only to be deceived. 3. /a/ being carried away, being washed away (by).
   4. /a/ being entranced, being carried away (by).
                                                        kapılmak 1. to be seized, be grabbed. 2. /a/ to trust in (s.o.) only to be deceived. 3. /a/ to be carried away, be washed away (by). 4. /a/ to be entranced, be carried away (by), kapıoğlanı, -ni (./...) Ott. hist, messenger sent
 kapısız                                            483
   by an embassy or a patriarchate to a government office to do some routine business, kapısız 1. doorless; gateless. 2. colloq. without a job, unemployed. — bacasız colloq. 1. not yet completely finished (house/apartment). 2. dilapidated. — kalmak colloq. to lose one’s job.
kapış 1. way of seizing. 2. snatch, seizing. — kapış colloq. with wild enthusiasm; in a mad scramble. — kapış gitmek colloq. to be gobbled up, sell like hot cakes, sell like crazy.
   —      kapış kapışmak hi colloq. to seize (s.t.) eagerly. — kapış yemek hi colloq. to gobble up, wolf down, kapışılmak 1. to be grabbed up; to be taken away in a wild scramble. 2. to sell like hot cakes, sell like crazy; to be in great demand, kapışmak 1. hi to snatch at; to scramble for.
   2.    hi to buy eagerly, rush to purchase. 3. to begin to fight/wrestle with each other. 4.. slang to kiss each other, kapıştırmak hi to incite (people) to fight/tussle with each other, kapik kopeck, kopek, kapital, -li capital, invested wealth, kapitalist, -ti 1. (a) capitalist. 2. capitalist, capitalistic, kapitalizm capitalism.
kapitone quilted (cloth); tufted (upholstery);
   (chair/sofa) with tufted upholstery, kapitülasyon capitulation, kapkaç, -çı slang stealing by snatching; purse -snatching.
kapkaççı slang 1. snatch-and-run thief; purse -snatcher. 2. one who makes big profits out of shoddy work, kapkaççılık slang 1. being a snatch-and-run thief; purse-snatching. 2. making big profits out of shoddy work, kapkara (/..) pitch-black; pitch-dark, kapkaranlık (/...) completely dark, kaplak anat. capsule, kaplam log. extension, extent, kaplama 1. (act of) covering/coating. 2. coat; plate. 3. plating; coating. 4. dent, crown. 5. veneer. 6. covering one side of a quilt with a sheet. 7. naut. planking, planks. 8. covered; coated; plated. — diş crowned tooth, kaplamacı 1. metal plater. 2. veneerer. kaplamacılık 1. the work of a metal plater. 2.
   the work of a veneerer. kaplamak hi 1. to cover, cover completely. 2. to plate; to coat; to veneer. 3. to spread over, envelop. 4. to cover, encase, kaplamalı 1. veneered. 2. plated. 3. coated, kaplamlı log. extensional, extensive, kaplan zool. tiger, Panther a tigris. — atlaması sports a vault made with the hands, kaplanboğan bot. aconite, Aconitum napellus. kaplanböcek (./..) zool. tiger beetle, Cicindela. kaplanböcekler (./...) zool. Cicindelidae. kaplankedisi, -ni (./...) zool. margay, Felis tigrina.
                                                                                   kaptamderya
kaplanmak 1. to be covered. 2. to be plated;
   to be coated; to be veneered, kaplanpitonu, -nu (./...) zool. Indian python, Python molurus. kaplansazani, -ni (./...) zool. tiger barb, Barbus sumatranus/Barbus tetragona. kaplatmak /ı, a, la/ to have (s.o.) cover/veneer/ plate/coat (s.t.) with, kaplı 1. covered; coated; plated. 2. (book/notebook) having a protective outer cover. — yorgan quilt covered on one side with a sheet.
kaplıca (./.) hot spring, thermal spring; hot spring resort, spa. — tedavisi cure at a thermal spring, thermotherapy.
2kaplica (./.) bot. einkorn wheat, Triticum monococcum. kaplık 1. cupboard/shelf for storing pots and pans. 2. good for covering (a book/a notebook).
                            kaplumbağa (./..) 1. zool. turtle; tortoise, Testu-dinata. 2. colloq. teardrop-shaped, two-door Volkswagen sedan, bug, beetle. — gibi colloq. 1. slow, slow as molasses. 2. at a snail’s pace. — yürüyüşü colloq. snail’s pace, kaplumbağalar (./...) zool. Testudinata. kapma 1. seizing, grabbing. 2. snatched, seized, kapmaca 1. seized, snatched. 2. children’s game puss in the corner, pussy wants a corner, kapmak hi 1. to snatch, seize, catch, grasp, snap up. 2. to snatch and carry off. 3. to seize and devour, grab and eat up. 4. (for a machine) to catch and mangle (a hand/an arm).
   5. colloq. to get the hang of (s.t.) right away.
   6. to catch (a disease). 7. colloq. to acquire, get, develop (a habit/a manner), kapanın elinde kalmak colloq. (for s.t.) to go only to those who are the quickest to act.
kaporta (./.) 1. naut. hatch; bull’s-eye. 2. hood (of a car), Brit, bonnet, kaportacı (./..) man who repairs car hoods, kaportacılık (./...) repairing/making car hoods, kapriçyo (./.) mus. capriccio. kapris caprice, fancy, whim. — yapmak to behave capriciously, kaprisli capricious.
kapsam 1. scope, embrace, extent. 2. log. extension, extent.                             '
kapsama inclusion, including, kapsamak hi to comprise, contain, include, cover, embrace, kapsamlı 1. comprehensive, broad in scope. 2.
   log. extensional, extensive, kapsatmak /ı, a/ to extend (s.t.) to include (s.t.
   else), kapsız coverless.
kapsül 1. bot., med., chem., anat., space capsule. 2. percussion cap, cap. kapşon hood (attached to a coat/a cloak), kaptan 1. captain, skipper. 2. sports captain.
   —     köşkü/köprüsü naut. bridge. — pilot 1. chief pilot. 2. driver of an intercity bus. kaptamderya (./..—) Ott. hist, admiral.
kaptanlık
 484
’kara
kaptanlık captaincy, captainship. — etmek/yap-
   mak /a/ to captain, kaptanpaşa (./..) Ott. hist., see kaptanıderya. kaptıkaçtı 1. formerly minibus. 2. a card game.
   3. slang stealing by snatching; purse-snatching.
kaptırma 1. having something snatched from one. 2. small handsaw, kaptırmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.t.) snatched. 2. to get (a part of one’s body) caught in (a machine).
kapuska (./.) cabbage stew, kapuskalik (./..) (cabbage) good for making stew.
kaput, -tu 1. military greatcoat. 2. hood (of a car), Brit, bonnet. 3. condom. 4. (a card game) lost without winning any tricks. — etmek III playing cards to shut (one’s opponent) out. — gitmek slang to fail all one’s exams. — u kesmek slang to pass one of one’s exams. — olmak playing cards to be completely shut out. — u yırtmak slang, see kaputu kesmek, kaputbezi, -ni (./..) 1. canvas, sail cloth. 2. unbleached muslin, kaputluk (material) suitable for making a greatcoat.
kapuz prov. 1. defile, mountain pass. 2. impenetrable forest.
Kap Verd Cape Verde. — Adaları Cape Verde Islands.
kar snow, —dan adam snowman. — ayakkabısı snowshoe. — basmak 1. hi for snow to cover up/bury. 2. /a/ to store in (a cool place) for summer use. — dişi icicle. — düşmek /a/ to snow (on a place). — fırtınası snowstorm, —da gezip izini belli etmemek colloq. to do something so slyly that no one realizes what one’s up to. — gibi colloq. snow-white. — gözlüğü snow goggles. — helvası snow mixed with molasses. — körlüğü snow blindness. — kuytuda, para pintide eğleşir, proverb (Snow lasts if put in a sheltered spot; money lasts if put in the hands of a miser.) You cause that which you value to last. — kuyusu pit for preserving snow for summer use. — ne kadar çok yağsa yaza kalmaz, proverb (Even the deepest snow melts when summer comes.) Something that thrives in one environment may be destroyed in another. — parçası colloq. very fair-complexioned. — sınırı snow line, snow limit. — siperi snow fence. — susuzluk kandırmaz/gidermez, proverb (Snow doesn’t quench thirst.) Real needs can’t be satisfied by halfway measures. — süpürücü snowplow; snowblower, snow thrower. — tanesi snowflake. — topu 1. snowball. 2. colloq. very fair-complexioned and plump (child). — topu oynamak to have a snowball fight. — tutmak for snow to stick. — yağmak to snow, kâr (—) 1. profit. 2. benefit. — amacı güt-
   meyen nonprofit. — bırakmak to yield a profit. — eden ar etmez, proverb 1. People who are after money have no sense of shame.
   2. A person has to be willing to do any kind of honest work, however humble, in order to get along. — etmek 1. to profit, make a profit. 2. colloq. to help, be effective. — gayesi gütmeyen see kâr amacı gütmeyen. — getirmek to yield a profit. — haddi limit on profits. — hissesi com., see kâr payı. — kalmak to remain as profit. — ı olmamak colloq. not to be up to, not to be equal to: Bu iş herkesin kârı değil. Not everyone is equal to this job. — marjı/oranı com. profit margin. — payı com. 1. profit margin. 2. dividend, share of the profits. — ına satmak (—la satmak) h! to sell (s.t.) at a profit.
   —ını tamam etmek /in/ colloq. to murder, kill. — ve zarar (— zarar) profit and loss.
   —  zarar cetveli income account, profit and loss statement. —, zararın kardeşidir/ortağıdır. proverb (Profit is a brother to loss.) Where it is possible to make a profit, it’s also possible to make a loss.
*kara 1. black. 2. dark-complexioned, swarthy.
   3. phot, negative. 4. colloq. bad; unlucky, —lar bağlamak colloq. to put on mourning; to wear mourning. — başlı iskete zool. a siskin, Carduelis spinus. — başlı martı zool. black-headed gull, Larus melanocephalus. — başlı ötleğen zool. blackcap, Sylvia atri-capilla. — beniz/benizli colloq. swarthy, dark-complexioned. — cahil colloq. grossly ignorant. — cehennem colloq. swarthy and morose. — cümle colloq. the four arithmetical operations. — çalı colloq. person who breaks up a friendship by carrying tales. — çalmak /a/ colloq. to slander, —lari çıkarmak colloq. to come out of mourning. — damaklı prov. obstinate, stubborn. — damar anat. vein. — eğleni black humor, —sı elinde colloq. slanderer, maligner. — et lean meat, —lar giymek colloq. to put on mourning; to wear mourning. — gülmece black humor. — gün colloq. black day; time of trouble. — gün dostu colloq. true friend, friend who sticks by you when you’re in trouble. — gün kararıp kalmaz/durmaz (koç yiğit bunalıp ölmez), proverb (A black day does not get blacker.) Bad times eventually pass. — haber colloq. news of a death/a disaster. — haber tez duyulur. proverb Bad news travels fast. — haberci colloq. bringer of bad news. — kabuk midyesi zool. blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. — kaplı kitap colloq. 1. one’s chief reference book, one’s bible. 2. law book. — kara düşünmek colloq. to brood. — kaş colloq. (s.o.) who has big black eyebrows, (aralarından) — kedi geçmek colloq. (for two friends) to start behaving coolly to each other. — kuru colloq. swarthy and skinny.
   —  kutu aviation black box. — kuvvet the
2kara
485
Karadeniz
   forces supporting reaction and religious fanaticism. — liste colloq. blacklist. — listeye almak hi colloq. to blacklist. — maşa colloq. small, dark, and thin girl/woman. — mizah black humor. — mum propolis, bee glue, — oğlan colloq. swarthy boy. — para fin. black money. —ya sabun, deliye öğüt neylesin, proverb (Soap is of no use for a swarthy person, and advice is wasted on a fool.) It’s no use trying to reform the incorrigible. — sakız pitch. — sürmek /a/ colloq. to slander, blacken (s.o.’s) reputation. — tahta blackboard. — talih colloq. misfortune, bad luck. — toprak black soil, chernozem.
   —  yağız colloq. swarthy (young man). — yas deep mourning. — yüz colloq. dishonor, disgrace, ignominy. — yüzlü colloq. dishonored, disgraced, in disgrace.
2kara 1. land, dry land, shore. 2. terrestrial, —da on land, ashore, on shore, —dan by land. — ya ayak basmak to go ashore, disembark. —ya çekmek hi to beach (a boat), haul (a boat) up onto shore. —ya çıkmak to land, disembark, go ashore. — ya düşmek
   1. to run aground, be grounded. 2. (for flotsam) to be washed up on the beach. 3. slang to walk into a trap; to be swindled.
   —ya düşürmek hi slang to beat (s.o.) up.
   —  kaplumbağası zool. tortoise. — kuvvetleri mil. ground forces, land forces. — ya oturmak to run aground, be grounded. — ticareti overland trade. — vapuru colloq. train. — ya vurmak to be washed up onto a shore. — yeli land breeze. — yolculuğu overland journey.
karaağaç (./..) bot. elm, Ulmus. karaağaçgiller (./....) bot. Ulmaceae. karaantilop (./...) zool. black buck, Indian antelope, Antilope cervicapra. karaardıç (./..) bot. savin, sabine, Juniperus sabina.
karabacak (..'..) 1. bot. blackleg (a fungus), Pleospora bjoerlingii. 2. blackleg (a fungus disease of beets), karabaldır (./..) bot. maidenhair fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris. karabalik (./..) zool. tench, Tinea tinea. karaballık (./..) bot. sooty mold, Capnodium. karabasan (./..) 1. nightmare. 2. depression;
   uneasiness; anxiety, karabaski (./..) blackmail, blackmailing, karabaş 1. (Christian) monk. 2. confirmed bachelor. 3. a variety of buckwheat. 4. bot. French lavender, Lavandula stoechas. 5. blackhead, histomoniasis. 6. colloq. Anatolian sheep dog. karabatak (./..) zool. cormorant, Phalacro-corax. — gibi colloq. (person) who will disappear for a while and then suddenly turn up.
karabet, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. kinship (by blood/ marriage). 2. close connection, close relation, affinity (between two things).
karabiber (./..) 1. bot. pepper, Piper nigrum. 2. black pepper. 3. colloq. petite and lovely brunette. — tanesi peppercorn, karabibergiller (./....) bot. Piperaceae. karabina (../.) carbine; blunderbuss, karabinyer carabiniere, Italian gendarme, karaborsa (./..) black market. — ya düşmek . (for an item) to go on the black market. • karaborsacı (./...) black marketeer, karaborsacılık (./....) black-marketeering. karaboya (./..) colloq. sulfuric acid, karabuğday (..'..) bot. buckwheat, Fagopyrum. karabuğdaygiller (./....) bot. Polygonaceae. karabulut, -tu (./..) black cloud, rain cloud, karaburçak (./..) bot. black pea, black vetch-ling, Lathyrus niger.
                                                        *karaca zool. roe, roe deer, Capreolus capreolus. 2karaca dark; blackish. —, kuruca, gönlüme görece, colloq. (Swarthy and scrawny, but according to my heart.) Others may think her ugly, but to me she is beautiful.
3karaca anat. upper arm, brachium. — kemiği anat. humerus, karacadansi, -m (../...) a millet used as fodder, karacaot, -tu (../.) bot. Christmas rose, black hellebore, Helleborus niger. karaceviz (./..) bot. black walnut, Juglans nigra.
'karacı 1. soldier; army officer. 2. (s.o.) who is a soldier; (s.o.) who is an army officer. 2karacı 1. slanderer. 2. given to slandering, slanderous.
3karacı prov. 1. brigand, highwayman. 2. fortuneteller, soothsayer, karacılık being a slanderer; slandering, karaciğer (./..) anat. 1. liver. 2. hepatic. — iltihabı path, hepatitis. — ödyolu anat. hepatic duct.
karaç carburetor, Brit, carburettor, karaçalı (./..) 1. bot. blackthorn, Prunus spi-nosa. 2. bot. Christ’s-thorn, Paliurus spina -christi. 3. zool. a dark red mullet, karaçam (./.) bot. black pine, Pinus nigra. karaçayır (..'..) bot. darnel, rye grass, Lolium. karaçaylak (./..) zool. black kite, Milvus mi-grans.
karaçıban (./..) path, carbuncle, karaçöpleme (..'...) bot. Christmas rose, black hellebore, Helleborus niger.
Karadağ (./.) 1. Montenegro. 2. Montenegrin, of Montenegro.
Karadağlı (./..) 1. (a) Montenegrin. 2. Montenegrin (person), karadamga (./..) smirch, stain (on one’s reputation).
karadamgali (./...) (s.o.) whose reputation has been besmirched; (s.o.) who has gotten a bad reputation.
Karadeniz (./..) the Black Sea. — Boğazı the Bosphorus, the Bosporus. — fırtına, al pırtını sırtına, colloq. (There is a storm on the Black Sea, so throw your things on your back.) Things here are in a bad way; you’d
karadul
 486
karaleylek
                            better pack up and clear out. — ’de gemilerin mi battı? colloq. (Have you had a ship sink in the Black Sea?) What’s eating you? karadul (./.) zool. black widow, Latrodectus mac tans.
karadut (./.) bot. black mulberry, Morus nigra. karaduygu (.•'••) melancholia, karaduygulu (./...) melancholic, suffering from melancholia, karaduygululuk (./....) being a melancholiac, karaelmas (./..) 1. carbonado, bort. 2. coal, karafa carafe, decanter, karafaki small carafe, small decanter, karafatma (./..) zool. Oriental cockroach, Brit.
   blackbeetle, Blatta orientalis.
Karagöz 1. (a Punch-and-Judy style of) Turkish shadow show. 2. the main figure of the Turkish shadow show. — oynatmak 1. to perform the Turkish shadow show. 2. to do something comical. — oyunu Turkish shadow show.
karagöz 1. zool. sargo, Sparus. 2. slang small dice. 3. black-eyed. 4. prov., bot. black-eyed pea, cow-pea. — tirsi zool. black-eyed shad, Alosa.
                            karagözcü 1. operator of a shadow show. 2.
                            maker and seller of shadow-show puppets, karagözcülük 1. operating a shadow show. 2.
   making shadow-show puppets, karagözlük comical behavior, tomfoolery. — etmek to amuse people by doing comic imitations.
karagül (./.) zool., see karakul, karagünlü (./..) prov. unlucky, ill-starred, unfortunate.
*karağı poker (for a fire).
2karağı prov. 1. blindness. 2. night blindness, nyctalopia.
Karahan (./.) astr. Pluto.
Karahanli (./..) hist. Karahanid. karahindiba (./..—) bot. dandelion, Taraxacum officinale.
karahumma (..'.—) path, typhoid fever, enteric fever.
karaiğne (./..) zool. red ant.
Karaim 1. (a) Karaite. 2. Karaite, of the Karaites.
Karaimce (../.) Karaite (a Turkic dialect), karakabarcık (./...) path, anthrax, karakaçan (./..) colloq. a black donkey, karakafes (./..) bot. comfrey, Symphytum. karakalem (./..) 1. charcoal (for drawing). 2. charcoal drawing. 3. charcoal, done in charcoal.
karakavak (./..) bot. Lombardy poplar, Populus nigra.
                            karakavza (./..) bot. parsnip, Pastinaca sativa.
karakayabalığı, -ni (./....) zool. black goby,
   Gobius niger. karakaygi (./..) melancholia, karakeçi (..'..) zool. barbel, Barbus fluviatilis. karakehribar (./...) black amber, jet. karakış (./.) the coldest part of the winter, the
    dead of winter. — fırtınası storm occurring about the 13th of December. — ta karlar, martta yağmaz, nisanda durmazsa değme çiftçinin keyfine, proverb If it snows in the dead of winter, doesn’t rain in March and doesn’t stop raining in April a farmer will be overjoyed, karakoca (./..) prov. old man whose hair has not turned gray, karakol 1. police station; gendarme station. 2. any official force upholding public order. — gemisi coast-guard ship, patrol vessel. — gezmek (for a policeman) to patrol his beat; (for a group) to go out on patrol. — hattı line of patrol stations along an international border. — nöbetçisi soldier on patrol, karakolluk 1. (matter) for the police to deal with, warranting arrest. 2. (s.o.) who should be arrested; (s.o.) liable to arrest. — olmak
    1. to have to be taken to the police station.
    2.    to be liable to arrest, karakoncolos (./...) 1. black bogy, bugbear,
    bugaboo (invoked to frighten naughty children). 2. colloq. very ugly person, karakter character. — eğitimi character training. — oyuncusu character actor. — rolü character part. — yoğunluğu comp, character density.
karakteristik 1. characteristic, distinctive. 2. (a) characteristic. 3. math, characteristic, karakterli 1. of good character, just and honest.
    2. of (a specified) character, karakteroloji characterology. karaktersiz unprincipled, lacking moral fiber, karaktersizlik lack of moral fiber, karakul (./.) zool. karakul, caracul, karakulak (./..) zool. caracal, Lynx caracal. 2karakulak (./..) Ott. hist, kavass attending a high government official, karakullukçu (./...) Ott. hist, manservant of a Janissary officer, karakurbağası, -m (./....) zool. toad, Bufo. karakuş (..'.) zool. a black eagle.
2karakuş (./.) farcy (a disease of horses), karakuşku (./..) suspicion, karalahana (./...) 1. bot. collard, Brassica oleracea acephala. 2. collards, collard greens.
karalama 1. scribbling; doodling. 2. crossing out. 3. calligraphic exercise. 4. draft, rough draft. 5. colloq. slander. — defteri notebook for rough drafts, karalamak hi 1. to deface (s.t.) with drawings/ scribblings. 2. to cross out (s.t. written). 3. colloq. to slander. 4. to draft, sketch out. karalanmak 1. to be defaced with drawings/ scribblings. 2. to be crossed out. 3. to be made black. 4. to be slandered, karalaşmak to turn black, blacken, karalatmak /ı, a/ 1. to allow (s.o.) to deface (s.t.); to have (s.o.) deface (s.t.). 2. to have (s.o.) slander (s.o.). karaleylek (./..) zool. black stork, Ciconia
karalı
 487
kararsız
   mg* çıkaralı black-spotted; mixed/spotted with black.
   —      beyazlı colored both black and white, karalık blackness; darkness.
karaltı 1. indistinct figure (obscured by darkness/distance/mist). 2. dark spot; stain. 3. silhouette.
karamak /ı/ prov. 1. to slander, run down. 2.
   to look down on (s.o.).
2karamak h! prov. 1. to watch, look at. 2. to look after, take care of. karamakak (./..) zool. moor macaque, moor monkey, Macaca maura.
Karaman (.•"•) Karaman, —’m koyunu, sonra çıkar oyunu, colloq. (It’s sheep from Karaman; we’ll see what its trick is later.) There’s something fishy about this ./I smell a rat.
*karaman a fat-tailed sheep.
2karaman naut. drop hammer. — halatı drag-rope, towrope (used for floating a ship). — kancası hook for a dragrope. — vurmak /a/ see karamanlamak. karamandola (.../.) prunella, a cloth used for the uppers of shoes, karamanlamak /i/ naut. to float (a grounded ship).
Karamanlılar (./...) hist, the Karamanids. karamarti (./..) zool. lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus graellsi. karambol, -lü 1. carom, billiard, Brit, cannon.
   2.     colloq. collision, smashup. 3. colloq. confusion caused by a collision. — yapmak to carom, make a carom, karamela (../.) caramel, karamelali (../..) mixed/sweetened with caramel.
karamsar 1. pessimistic. 2. (a) pessimist, karamsarlık pessimism, karamsı blackish.
karamuk 1. bot. corncockle, corn rose, rose campion, Agrostemma githago. 2. path, roseola, roseola infantum, karamusal mooring swivel.
Karamürsel sepeti, -ni (./..) colloq. 1. person of no importance. 2. insignificant thing, trifle.
   —   sanmak /ı/ to underrate, underestimate (s.o.).
karanfil 1. bot. carnation, Dianthus. 2. bot. clove pink, gillyflower, Dianthus caryophyl-lus. 3. clove. 4. bot. clove tree, Eugenia caryophyllata. 5. slang *asshole, anus. — i sıkmak slang to endure, hold out; to be patient. — yağı oil of cloves, karanfilgiller bot. Caryophyllaceae. karanfilotu, -nu (../..) bot. herb bennet, yellow avens, Geum urbanum. karanfilyarpuzu, -nu (../...) bot. a kind of pennyroyal.
karanlık 1. dark, without light. 2. the dark, darkness; dark place. 3. obscure, unclarified.
   4.  bad, wicked, 5. dangerous. — ta in the dark, in the darkness. — basmadan before
   nightfall. — basmak for darkness/night to fall. — düşünce wicked thought. — etmek to block the light. — ta göz kırpmak colloq. to try to explain something using incomprehensible signals/language, —a kalmak to arrive after dark, —a kurşun sıkmak colloq. to take a shot in the dark. — oda phot, darkroom. — olmak to get dark, karanlıkçı lit., art 1. (an) obscurantist, (an) obscurant. 2. obscurantist, obscurant, karanlıkçılık lit., art obscurantism, karantina (../.) quarantine. — ya almak /ı/ to quarantine. — bayrağı quarantine flag. — dairesi quarantine office, —dan geçmek to go through quarantine. — kordonu cordon sanitaire, sanitary cordon. — koymak /a/ to quarantine (a place), —da yatmak (for a ship) to be in quarantine, karapazi (./..) bot. orach, Atrip lex hortensis. karapelin (..'..) bot. southernwood, Artemisia abrotanum.
karar 1. decision. 2. stability, predictability. 3. proper degree, acceptable limit. 4. estimate, approximation. 5. classical Turk. mus. a return to the original mode. 6. just right, neither too little nor too much. — mca in moderation, without going to extremes. — almak to make a decision. — altına almak (—a bağlamak) h! to make a decision about, —mda bırakmak hi to avoid (doing s.t.) in excess.
   —   bulmak /da/ to reach a firm decision about. — kılmak /da/ to choose, settle upon (s.t.) as one’s choice. —ında olmak 1. (with an infinitive) to be firmly resolved to (do s.t.). 2. to be done in moderation, —a varmak to arrive at a decision, reach a decision.
   —   vermek 1. /a/ to decide to. 2. to make a decision.
karargâh mil. headquarters.
kararlama 1. estimation, rough calculation. 2.
   done by guessing. 3. by estimating roughly, kararlamadan by estimating roughly, kararlamak 1. hi to estimate (s.t.) roughly. 2.
   to make a rough estimate, kararlaşmak to be decided, be agreed on. kararlaştırılmak to be decided, be agreed on. kararlaştırmak hi to decide, agree on. kararlı 1. determined, resolute. 2. uniform, unvarying. — dalga phys. standing wave, stationary wave. — denge phys. stable equilibrium.
kararlılık 1. resolution, determination. 2. stability.
kararma 1. darkening, getting dark. 2. cin. fade -out.
kararmak 1. to get dark; to turn black. 2. (for light) to fade, kararname (..—.) 1. (written/printed) governmental decree/decision. 2. governmental decision signed by the Council of Ministers and/or the President of Turkey, kararsız 1. hesitant, undecided. 2. changeable, unstable. — denge phys. unstable equilib-
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   rium. — olmak to be undecided; to waver, kararsızlık 1. indecision. 2. instability, karartı 1. indistinct figure. 2. dark spot; stain, karartma 1. darkening, making something dark.
   2.    blackout, karartmak /i/ to darken, karasaban (./..) a primitive plow, karasal terrestrial. — kumul land dune. — oluşuk geol. terrestrial formation, karasevda (./.—) 1. colloq. passionate and hopeless love. 2. psych, melancholia. — ya düşmek/tutulmak/uğramak 1. colloq. to be passionately and hopelessly in love. 2. psych. to suffer from melancholia, karasevdalı (./.— .) 1. colloq. passionately and hopelessly in love. 2. psych, melancholic, suffering from melancholia, karasığır (./..) zool. water buffalo, Bubalus bubalus.
karasinek (./..) zool. housefly, Musca domes-tica.
karasöğüt (./..) bot. black willow, Salix nigra. karasu (./.) 1. path, glaucoma. 2. a swelling in the hoof of a horse. 3. slowly flowing water. — humması path, blackwater fever, karasuları, -ni (./...) territorial waters, karaşın swarthy, dark-complexioned, karataban (./..) pebrine (a disease affecting silkworms).
karatavuk (./..) zool. blackbird, Turdus merula. karate (./.) karate, karateci (./..) karateist. karaturp, -pu (./.) bot. horseradish, Armoracia lapathifolia. karavana (../.) 1. large kettle, cauldron (used in institutional kitchens). 2. food, chow. 3. mil. mess, soldier’s meal. 3. a thin, flat diamond. 4. mil., slang missing the target completely. — borusu mil. mess call, —dan yemek colloq. 1. to mess together. 2. to lead a simple life.
karavanaci (../..) 1. mil. mess carrier. 2. mil., slang soldier who misses the target completely.
karavela (../.) 1. caravel. 2. naut. irregularity, nonobservance of the rules, karavide (../.) zool. a freshwater crayfish, Astacus fluviatilis. karayaka (./..) prov. a long-tailed white sheep of the Black Sea region, karayandık bot. thistle, CarduusfCirsium/ Onopordon. karayanık (./..) path, anthrax, karayazı (./„) unhappy fate, karayazili (./...) unlucky, plagued by misfortune.
karayel (./.) 1. northwest wind. 2. northwest, karayikim (./..) disaster, karayılan (./..) zool. blacksnake, black racer, Coluber constrictor. karayolu, -nu (./..) highway, road; overland route. — yla overland, karayosunlan, -ni (./....) bot. mosses, Musci.
kardeş
karboksil chem. carboxyl, karbon chem. carbon. — çevrimi carbon cycle
   —      devri geol. the Carboniferous period. — kâğıdı carbon paper, karbonado (../.) bort, carbonado, karbonat, -ti 1. baking soda, sodium bicarbonate. 2. chem. (a) carbonate, karbonatlama chem. carbonation. karbonatlamak hf chem. to carbonate, impregnate with carbonic acid, karbondioksit chem. carbon dioxide, karbonhidrat, -ti chem. carbohydrate, karbonik chem. carbonic. — asit chem. carbonic acid, karbonil chem. carbonyl. karbonlamak hi to carburize. karbonlaşmak to become carbonized, karbonlaştırma carbonization, karbonlaştırmak hi to carbonize, karbonlu carbonous, carbonaceous, containing carbon.
karbonmonoksit chem. carbon monoxide, karborundum chem. Carborundum. karbür chem. carbide (a binary compound of carbon with a more electropositive element), karbüratör carburetor, Brit, carburettor. — kelebeği carburetor valve, karcığar classical Turk. mus. a makam, karçiçeği, -ni (/...) bot. snowflake, leucojum, Leucojum.
kardan 1. auto., mech. universal joint, universal coupling, universal. 2. mech. Cardan, Cardan joint. — kavraması 1. auto., mech. universal joint, universal coupling, universal. 2. mech. Cardan, Cardan joint. — mili 1. auto., mech. drive shaft. 2. mech. Cardan shaft, kardaş prov. brother; sister; sibling, kardelen bot. snowdrop, Galanthus nivalis. kardeş 1. brother; sister; sibling. 2. an informal form of address: Kardeş, bunu şoföre uzatır mısın? Would you mind handing this to the driver? —ten ileri olmak colloq. to be bosom friends. — kardeş colloq. in a brotherly/ sisterly way. — kardeşi atmış, yâr başında tutmuş, proverb (A person was rejected by his/her brother/sister but protected by his/her beloved.) One’s beloved can be more faithful than one’s brother/sister. — kardeşi atmış, yar başında tutmuş. (Kardeş kardeşi bıçaklamış, dönmüş yine kucaklamış.) proverb (A person threw his/her brother/sister out, but then he/she rescued him/her at the top of the cliff.) One’s brother/sister may do one harm, but in the end he/she will relent and try to make up for it. — kardeşin ne öldüğünü ister, ne onduğunu, proverb A person doesn’t want his/her brother/sister to die, but neither does he/she want him/her to prosper too much, —ten karın yakın (kulaktan burun yakm). proverb (The belly is nearer than a brother/sister.) 1. One’s child is dearer to one than one’s brother/sister. 2. A person is more concerned about his/her own welfare
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   than he’s/she’s that of his/her brother/sister.
   —     katili fratricide; sororicide (murderer). — katli fratricide; sororicide (murder). — kavgası fratricidal quarrel. — köy a village to which students in a school give aid. — im olsun da kanlım olsun, proverb (He is my brother even if he is my enemy.) Your brother is still your brother, even if he does you harm. — payı yapmak colloq. to divide something equally, go halves, kardeşçe (./.) 1. in a brotherly manner, fraternally; in a sisterly manner. 2. brotherly, fraternal; sisterly, kardeşkanı, -m (./..) kino, kino gum. — ağacı bot. kino, East Indian kino, Pterocarpus marsupium.
kardeşlenmek (for wheat or other cereal plants) to put out additional shoots, tiller (after being trampled by a flock of sheep), kardeşlik 1. brotherhood, being a brother; sisterhood, being a sister. 2. adopted brother/ sister. 3. very close friendship, kardırma /ı, a/ having (s.t.) mixed/blended, kardırmak /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) mixed/blended, kardinal, -li cardinal (in the Roman Catholic Church). K—ler Heyeti the Sacred College, the College of Cardinals, kardinalkuşu, -nu (../..) zool. cardinal bird, cardinal.
kardinallik 1. cardinalate, cardinalship, the office/rank of a cardinal. 2. being a cardinal, kardiyo (/..) colloq. cardiogram, kardiyograf cardiograph, kardiyografi cardiography, kardiyogram cardiogram, kardiyolog cardiologist, kardiyoloji cardiology, kardiyopati cardiopathy, kardiyoskop, -pu cardioscope. kardiyovasküler cardiovascular, kare 1; square, any square thing. 2. math. square. 3. square, square-shaped, —sini almak /m/ math, to square. — matris math. square matrix, karekök, -kü (./.) math, square root, —ünü almak /m/ math, to extract the square root (of).
kareli checkered, checked, karfiçe (./.) finishing nail.
*karga zool. crow, Corvus. — beyinli colloq. stupid, bird-brained. — beyni prov. a dish prepared with yogurt and grape syrup, —lar bok yemeden vulg. very early in the morning- — yı bülbül diye satmak colloq. 1. to praise the politeness and refinement of someone rude and unrefined. 2. to try to pass off someone/something ugly as beautiful; to swindle someone. — derneği colloq. assemblage of fools/scoundrels. — gibi colloq. swarthy and skinny. — ile gezen boka konar. proverb (If one goes around with a crow he/she ends up in dung.) If you run around with bad companions you’ll be corrupted by
                                                                                    kargışlamak
   them. — kekliği taklit edeyim derken kendi yürüyüşünü şaşırmış, proverb (The crow tried to imitate the strut of a partridge and got its feet tangled up.) A boor who tries to act refined ends up a laughingstock. — mandayı babası hayrına bitlemez, proverb (The crow doesn’t peck the lice off a buffalo’s back just to be kind.) No one will do you a service out of kindness alone. — sekmez colloq. lonely, deserted (place). — taşlamak slang to pester a girl with improper advances.
   —  yavrusuna bakmış, “Benim ak pak evladım,” demiş, proverb (The crow looked at its child and said, “My snow-white little darling.”) One is blind when it comes to one’s own children. — yürüyüşü moving forward by hopping while in a squatting position (an exercise).
2karga (/.) naut. 1. capsizing, turning over. 2. hauling in the sails. — etmek hi 1. to prime (a pump). 2. naut. to top (the yards), kargaburnu, -nu (./..) (a pair of) pointed wire cutters.
kargaburun (./..) colloq. hawk-nosed, kargabüken 1. nux vomica. 2. bot. nux vomica tree, Strychnos nux-vomica. kargacık burgacık (../ ...) 1. scrawly. 2. in a scrawl. — yazmak to write in a scrawl, kargadelen soft-shelled almond, kargadöleği, -ni (./...) bot. colocynth, Citrullus colocynthis.
kargaşa 1. civil turmoil/tumult/disorder; anarchy. 2. commotion, hullabaloo, pandemonium. 3. confusion, chaos, scramble; seething mass. — çıkarmak 1. to incite a tumult; to incite anarchy. 2. to cause confusion/pandemonium.
kargaşacı 1. (an) anarchist. 2. anarchistic, kargaşacılık anarchism, kargaşalı marked by civil disorder; anarchic, kargaşalık 1. civil turmoil/tumult/disorder; anarchy. 2. commotion, hullabaloo, pandemonium. 3. confusion, chaos, scramble; seething mass.
kargatulumba (./...) colloq., used in: — çıkarmak h, dan/ (for several people) to grab (s.o.) by his/her arms and legs, lift him/her up, and carry him/her out of (a place). — etmek hi (for several people) to grab (s.o.) by his/her arms and legs and lift him/her up in the air. — götürmek hi (for several people) to grab (s.o.) by his/her arms and legs, lift him/her up, and carry him/her out/off. kargı 1. pike; javelin; lance. 2. prov. cane; bamboo.
kargılık cartridge belt; bandolier, bandoleer, kargıma curse, cursing, kargımak III to curse, kargın prov. large woodworking plane, kargış curse, imprecation. — etmek/vermek /a/ to curse, kargışlama hi cursing, kargışlamak hi to curse.
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 490
karıncık
kargışlanma being cursed, kargışlanmak to be cursed, kargışlı cursed, accursed, kargo (/.) cargo, karha obs. ulcer.
karı 1. wife, spouse; law married woman. 2. vulg. broad, woman. — ağızlı vulg. (man) who gossips like a woman, —sı ağızlı colloq. (husband) who is merely a mouthpiece for his wife’s opinions. — almak l\l to marry.
   —  kısmı vulg. womankind. — kızan prov. the whole household, wife and children. — koca a husband and wife, married couple.
   —  koca bir sözle yakın, bir sözle uzaktır. proverb A husband and wife are joined together, as well as parted, by one word. — koca hayati married life. — kocalık the married state, matrimony, —sı kurusu colloq. (his) wife and household. — malı, kapı mandalı, proverb (A wife’s possessions are like a door handle.) If a man makes use of his wife’s dowry she’ll never let him forget it. — milled vulg. womankind. — pazarı vulg. noisy crowd.
^arik 1. snow blindness. 2. snow-blind. 2kank prov. 1. subsidiary irrigation ditch. 2.
   patch of field between two ditches. 3. furrow, karıkmak prov. (for one’s eyes) to be dazzled/ blinded by sunlit snow, karılaşma vulg. becoming effeminate, karılaşmak vulg. to become effeminate, karılı 1. (s.o.) who has (so many) wives. 2. (s.o.) who has (a certain kind of) wife. — kocalı (a group) of husbands and their wives, karılık 1. wifehood; wifeliness. 2. vulg. being a broad. — etmek 1. /a/ to do her wifely duty by (her husband). 2. vulg. (for a man) to double-cross (s.o.). karılma 1. being mixed, being mingled. 2. prov.
   mating (of animals), karılmak 1. to be mixed, be mingled. 2. prov.
   (for animals) to mate, karımak prov. (for a woman) to get old, grow old.
karm, -rm 1. abdomen; abdominal region. 2. belly, stomach. 3. womb. 4. belly; the rounded, protrusive part (of s.t.). 5. colloq. mind, head. 6. phys. antinode, loop. — ı acıkmak to be hungry, get hungry. — ı aç hungry. —i ağrımak to have a stomach ache. — ağrısı 1. stomach ache, colic. 2. colloq. a pain in the neck (person). 3. colloq. what-do-you -call-it, whatyoumayjigger. — altı anat. I. hypogastric region, hypogastrium. 2. hypogastric. — atardamarı anat. celiac artery.
   —  boşluğu anat. abdominal cavity. — ı burnunda colloq. very much in the family way, big with child, —mı deşmek Iml colloq. to stab (s.o.) in the belly. — ı doymak to be full, have eaten one’s fill. —mı doyurmak
   1. to eat one’s fill. 2. Iml to feed (s.o.). — ı dümbelek çalmak colloq., see karnı zil çalmak. — fıtığı path, abdominal hernia. — ı
   geniş colloq. easygoing, nonchalant. —ı gitmek colloq. to have diarrhea, have the squirts. — gölerimi path, ascites, hydroperitoneum. — kardeşten yakm. proverb (One’s belly is closer than a brother/sister.) 1. One’s child is dearer to one than one’s brother/ sister. 2. A person is more concerned about his/her own welfare than he’s/she’s that of his/her brother/sister. — ı karnına geçmiş colloq. painfully thin (person). —ından konuşan (adam) ventriloquist, —mdan konuşma ventriloquism, —mdan konuşmak to ventriloquize. — ından söylemek colloq. 1. to speak very softly. 2. to make up a tale, make up a yarn. — ı sürmek colloq. to have diarrhea, have the squirts, have the trots, —i tok not hungry, full. — ım tok (bu sözlere). colloq. I’m tired of hearing about it. —l tok it gölgede yatar, proverb (The dog that has eaten its fill lies down in the shade.) A fool stops worrying about tomorrow once he has had a square meal. — ı tok, sırtı pek colloq. well-off and contented with life. — üstüne iniş crash landing (made without using the landing gear). — yüzgeci ventral fin. —i zil çalmak colloq. for (one’s) stomach to growl from hunger; (for s.o.) to be very hungry, karmca (./.) 1. zool. ant, Formica. 2. blowhole (in a metal casting). — ağzı very small opening. — asidi formic acid. — belli colloq. wasp-waisted. — yi bile ezmemek/incitme-mek colloq. not to hurt an ant, to be very tenderhearted. — ya binmek colloq. to go at a snail’s pace. — duası a magic charm written in minuscule Arabic characters. — duası gibi colloq. small or cramped and illegibly scrawly (handwriting). — ezmez colloq. very gentle and compassionate, —dan ibret al, yazdan kışı karşılar, proverb Consider the ant, how it works in the summer to provide for the winter. — kararmca/kaderince (doing) as much as one can (even if it’s only a little). — sürüsü swarm of ants. — yuvası ant nest; anthill. — yuvası gibi kaynamak colloq. (for a place) to teem or be swarming with people. —/—nm zevali gelince kanatlanır. proverb (When an ant nears the end of its days it sprouts wings.) When a person overreaches himself/herself he’s/she’s headed for disaster, kanncagiller (./...) zool. Formicidae. karıncalanma (./...) 1. being full of ants. 2.
   pins and needles, formication, karıncalanmak (./...) 1. to be crawling with ants. 2. (for a limb) to have/get pins and needles in it, tingle after being numb. 3. (for a metal casting) to develop blowholes, karıncalı (./..) 1. full of ants. 2. (metal casting) that has blowholes in it. 3. riddled with rust holes.
karıncık anat. ventricle. — çırpmımı path. ventricular fibrillation.
 karmcıkiçi                                         491
karmcıkiçi, -ni (../..) med. intraventricular. karıncıklararası, -m (.../...) med. interventricular, karıncıl coeliac, celiac.
karmçatlağı, -nı (./...) prov. abdominal hernia, karmdanbacaklılar             zool.   Gastropoda.
karındaş archaic brother; sister; sibling, karınlama naut. pulling up alongside. — kancası grapnel, grappling iron, grappling hook. karınlamak /a/ naut. to pull up alongside, karmlaşma biol. invagination, karınlı 1. potbellied. 2. having a bulge in the middle.
karınma 1. being mixed, being mixed together.
   2.    prov. mating (of fowls), karınmak 1. to be mixed, be mixed together.
   2. prov. (for fowls) to mate.
karınsa prov. molting, molting season (of birds).
   —ya girmek to begin to molt, karıntı 1. whirlpool. 2. naut. wave that hits the side of a ship, kannzan, -m (./..) anat. peritoneum. — yangısı/iltihabı path, peritonitis, karış span, handspan. — karış colloq. 1. every inch (of a place). 2. over every inch (of it).
   3. with a fine-tooth comb, very carefully. — karış dili var. colloq. He’s/She’s very sassy.
karışgm med. attended by complications, complicated.
karışık 1. mixed; assorted, miscellaneous; heterogeneous; motley. 2. adulterated, not pure.
   3. confused, disorganized, jumbled. 4. complicated; complex. 5. colloq. (s.o.) who deals with the jinn. — hisler mixed feelings. — ismi fail colloq. complicated matter. — konuşmak colloq. to speak incoherently/con-tradictorily.
karışıklık 1. confusion, disorder. 2. civil turmoil, tumult. — çıkarmak to incite a tumult, stir up trouble.
karışılmak /a/ impersonal passive to interfere, intervene.
karışım 1. mix, mixture, blend. 2. med. complication.
karışlama /ı/ measuring (s.t.) by the span of one’s hand.
karışlamak /ı/ to measure (s.t.) by the span of one’s hand.
karışma 1. mixing, mingling. 2. interference, meddling. 3. med. complication, karışmak 1. /la/ to mix (with), be mixed (with); to be dispersed (in). 2. to get mixed up, become confused, become jumbled. 3. (for water) to become rough/turbid. 4. /a/ to interfere (in), meddle (in). 5. /a/ to flow into (another river). 6. /a/ to join, become a part of. 7. /a/ to be responsible for, deal (with), be in charge (of), exercise control (over). Karışma! colloq. Mind your own business!/Don’t interfere! Karışmam, colloq. 1. It’s none of my business. 2.1 don’t want to have anything to do with it. 3. Don’t blame me if things go wrong, karışanı görüşeni olmamak col-
                                                                                              karine
   loq. to be free from interference, be able to act exactly as one sees fit. karıştırıcı 1. mixer; agitator; a machine, a part of a machine, or an implement that mixes/ agitates. 2. mixer; agitator; person whose job is to mix/agitate. 3. agitator, troublemaker, mischief-maker. 4. (s.o.) who creates/promotes discord, karıştırıcılık troublemaking, creating/promoting discord; being a troublemaker, karıştırılma 1. being mixed/stirred. 2. being confused with something else, karıştırılmak 1. to be mixed together. 2. /la/ to be confused (with), karıştırma 1. mixing. 2. confusing, confusion, mixing up.
karıştırmak 1. /ı/ to mix, stir; to blend. 2. /i, la/ to confuse (s.o./s.t.) with. 3. /i/ to get (things) mixed up in one’s mind. 4. /i/ to rummage through; to thumb through. 5. /i, a/ to get (s.o.) involved in or mixed up in (s.t.). 6. /i, a/ to introduce (one topic) alongside (another), kari, -ii (—.) obs. reader, person who reads (either silently or out loud), kariben (.—'.) obs. soon, shortly, in a short time.
karibu (./.) zool. caribou, Rangifer. karides (./.) zool. shrimp, Brit, prawn; scampi.
   —      kokteyli cookery shrimp cocktail, kariha (.—.) obs. 1. original thought, original idea, idea that is one’s own. 2. creative intelligence, creative mind, genius for coming up with new ideas. 3. Ott. hist, imperial command/edict that comes from the sultan himself (as opposed to one which comes from one of the sultan’s ministers). —dan extemporaneously, extempore, —dan atmak /ı/ to make (s.t.) up, invent (s.t.), manufacture (s.t.) (in speech/writing, in order to deceive s.o.). —sı geniş creative, inventive, clever (person). —dan konuşmak/söylemek to speak extemporaneously, karikatür 1. caricature (drawing). 2. cartoon; comic strip. 3. poor imitation of, poor substitute for. —ünü yapmak /m/ to draw a caricature of. karikatürcü caricaturist, karikatürcülük the art/work of a caricaturist, karikatürist, -ti 1. caricaturist. 2. one who does takeoffs on others, karikatürize caricatured. — etmek hi 1. to caricature. 2. to do a takeoff on. karikatürleştirme h! 1. caricaturing. 2. doing a takeoff on. karikatürleştirmek hi 1. to caricature. 2. to do a takeoff on. karina (./.) naut. bottom (of a ship). — etmek (—ya basmak) hi to careen (a vessel), karine (.—.) 1. law circumstantial evidence, indirect evidence, piece of circumstantial evidence. 2. indication, sign. — ile anlamak 111 to infer, conclude (s.t.) by inference.
 kariyer
kariyer career. — yapmak to build a career, kariyon carillon, set of bells, karizma (./.) charisma, karizmatik charismatic, karkara zool. a Balearic crane, Balearica. karkas (the concrete) skeleton (of a building), karkuşu, -nu (/..) zool. snow bunting, snowbird, snowflake, Plectrophenax nivalis. karlama snowing, karlamak to snow.
karlı snowy; snow-clad, covered with snow;
   snow-capped, kârlı profitable, advantageous. — çıkmak (for s.o.) to come out ahead, make a profit; (for a job) to turn out to be profitable, karlık 1. pit where snow is stored. 2. wicker -covered glass container used for cooling liquids with snow.
Karluk hist. Turkish tribe living in central Asia in the twelfth century, karma 1. mixing, blending. 2. mixed. 3. coeducational. — eğitim coeducation. — ekonomi mixed economy. — eşeyli gynandromorphic, gynandromorphous. — hükümet coalition government. — komisyon joint committee.
   —  liste pol. split ticket. — okul coeducational school. — takım sports mixed team.
   —  tamlama gram, a possessive construction in which possessor or possessed or both are adjectivally modified.
karmacı advocate of a mixed economy, karmacilik advocacy of a mixed economy, karmaç 1. mixer, mixing machine. 2. prov. a wall plaster of mud and straw, karmak 1. Ill to mix, blend (a dry substance and a liquid). 2. hi to shuffle (cards). 3. /i, a/ to thrust (s.t.) into (s.t. else), karmakarış (./..) see karmakarışık, karmakarışık (./...) in utter disorder, in complete confusion. — etmek hi'to mess up completely, put into complete disarray. — olmak to be completely messed up, be put into utter disorder, karman çorman (./ ..) colloq. in utter confusion, in complete disorder, very messy, karmanyola (...'.) (urban) robbery, mugging. — etmek (—ya getirmek) 111 to rob, mug. karmanyolacı (../..) robber, mugger, karmaşa 1. confusion. 2. complicated matter.
   3.     complexity. 4. psych, complex, karmaşık complex, complicated. — sayı math.
   complex number. — tuz chem. complex salt, karmaşıklaşma complication, becoming complicated.
karmaşıklaşmak to become complex, get complicated.
karmaşıklık complexity, being complex/complicated.
karmaşma 1. med. becoming complicated. 2.
   becoming jumbled, karmaşmak 1. med. to become complicated. 2.
   to become jumbled, karmaştırmak h! 1. med. to complicate. 2. to
492                                               karşı
   jumble.
karmık prov. fishgarth, fishweir (at the mouth of a stream), karmuk prov. big hook, karnabahar bot. cauliflower, Brassica oleracea botrytis.
karnabit, -ti obs., bot., see karnabahar, karnaksi colloq. 1. tiresome, provoking, annoying, irksome. 2. a pain in the neck (person), karnaval 1. Mardi Gras celebration, pre-Lenten festivity. 2. the Mardi Gras season, karne 1. (student’s) report card. 2. card (used for an official purpose), karnıkara (./..) 1. bot. black-eyed pea, cowpea, Vigna sinensis. 2. colloq. malicious, malevolent (person), karnıyarık 1. dish made of eggplant stuffed with ground meat. 2. bonito pickled in brine, karni chem. retort.
karo (/.) 1. playing cards diamond. 2. square cement floor tile, karoser auto, body (of a vehicle), karoserci auto. 1. maker of vehicle bodies. 2.
                                                                                        body repairman, karoten carotene.
                              karpit, -ti chem. carbide, calcium carbide. — lambası carbide lamp, acetylene lamp, karpuz 1. bot. watermelon, Citrullus vulgaris.
   2. globe, globe-shaped glass lampshade. 3. globe-shaped. — fener Chinese lantern. — kabuğunu görmeden denize girme, proverb (Don’t go swimming until you see watermelon rinds.) Don’t do a thing until the time is ripe for it. — kesmekle hararet sönmez (yürek soğumaz), proverb (You can’t cure a fever by cutting a watermelon.) You can’t appease your desire for vengeance by harming someone who’s done you no wrong. — kol puff sleeve. — kökeninde büyür, proverb (The watermelon grows from its stem.) A child does best when he’s/she’s raised by his/her parents.
karpuzcu watermelon seller; watermelon grower.
karpuzculuk selling/raising watermelons, karsak zool. corsac, Afghan fox, Vulpes cor sac. kârsız profitless, unprofitable, karsinogenez path, carcinogenesis, karsinojen path. 1. carcinogenic. 2. (a) carcinogen.
karsinom path, carcinoma, karsinoma (../.) path., see karsinom. karst, -ti geol. karst.
karşı 1. the place opposite. 2. facing, opposite.
   3. opposing. 4. counter-, anti-. 5. /a/ facing, in the direction of, toward. 6. /a/ in return for. 7. /a/ in response to. 8. /a/ toward, to, for. 9. /a/ against, contrary to. 10. /a/ against, as a cure for, as a countermeasure to. —dan bakmak /a/ colloq. to look on idly. — çıkış colloq. objection, protest. — çıkmak /a/ colloq. 1. to oppose. 2. to object (to). 3. to go to meet (s.o.). —sma çıkmak /m/ colloq. 1.
karşıcasus
   to appear suddenly in front of (one). 2. to oppose. — dava law counterclaim, -sma dikilmek /in/ colloq. 1. to stand facing (s.o.).
   2.  to oppose. — döllenme biol. outbreeding.
   —   duran opponent. — durmak /a/ colloq. to resist, oppose. —ya geçmek to cross over to the other side. — gelme defiance. — gelmek /a/ colloq. to defy; to oppose openly.
   —   gerilla counterguerrilla. — gitmek /a/ colloq. to go to meet (s.o.). — görüşlü 1. opposed, opposing. 2. opponent. — hücum counterattack. — hücuma geçmek to counterattack. — itham countercharge. — ithamda bulunmak to countercharge. — karşıya face to face, —dan karşıya from one side to another, across. — koyma resistance. — koymak/komak /a/ colloq. to oppose, resist, make a stand (against). — olmak /a/ colloq. to be against. — smda olmak /m/ colloq. to oppose. — oy opposing vote, negative vote.
   —   reform counterreformation. — rüzgâr adverse wind. — taarruz counteroffensive.
   —   taarruza geçmek to start a counteroffensive. — takım sports opposing team.
   —   taraf opposite side. — teklif 1. counterproposal. 2. counteroffer. — yaka the opposite shore, the other side.
karşıcasus (./—.) counterspy, karşıcasusluk (./—..) counterespionage, karşıcı 1. one who goes out to meet a visitor, welcomer. 2. opposing, holding a contrary view.
karşıcılık opposition, karşıdevrim (./..) counterrevolution, karşıdevrimci (./...) counterrevolutionary, karşıdevrimcilik (./....) 1. being a counterrevolutionary. 2. counterrevolutionary activity, karşıdöngü (./..) anticyclone, karşıgelim (./..) biol. antagonism, karşıki, -ni 1. the one opposite. 2. opposite, the opposite, facing, karşılama 1. meeting, greeting, reception, welcome. 2. N covering, paying; being enough (for), meeting (a need). 3. folk music played/ sung when meeting a bridal procession. — töreni welcoming ceremony, karşılamak h! 1. to go to meet; to welcome. 2. to cover, pay; to be enough (for), meet (a need). 3. to respond to, react to. 4. to remedy; to prevent.
karşılanma 1. being met, being welcomed. 2. being covered, being payed. 3. being received.
                             karşılanmak 1. to be met, be welcomed. 2. to be covered, be payed. 3. to be received, karşılaşma 1. encounter. 2. sports game, match.
   3.     anat. opposability, opposition (of digits), karşılaşmak 1. to meet (each other). 2. /la/ to
   meet, run into. 3. /la/ to face, be confronted with, be up against. 4. sports to play each other.
karşılaştırılabilir comparable, karşılaştırılma 1. being compared, comparison.
 493                                       karşıtlaşmak
   2.     being brought face to face, karşılaştırılmak 1. to be compared. 2. to be
   brought face to face, karşılaştırma 1. comparison. 2. confrontation.
   —      derecesi gram, the comparative degree, karşılaştırmak hi 1. to compare. 2. to bring
    (people) face to face. 3. to cause (chemicals) to react.
karşılaştırmalı 1. comparative. 2. contrastive.
    —  dilbilim comparative linguistics. — felsefe comparative philosophy. — ruhbilim comparative psychology.
karşılayıcı 1. greeter. 2. preventive. 3. hi (s.t./ s.o.) that meets/fulfills (a need/a wish), karşılık 1. response, reaction. 2. response, reply.
    3. equivalent (of a term). 4. amount paid; equivalent given in return. 5. appropriation, designated fund. 6. opposite, contrary. 7. /a/ in contrast to. 8. /a/ in response to. 9. /a/ in payment for. — istemez! colloq. Don’t ar-gue!/Don’t talk back! — olarak 1. in return. 2. in reply. — vermek /a/ to talk back (to), answer (s.o.) back.
karşılıklı 1. mutual, reciprocal. 2. opposite, facing one another. — benzeşme ling, mutual assimilation. — olarak mutually. — sigorta mutual insurance. — taahhüt agreement, mutual agreement. — yapraklar bot. opposite leaves. — yardım mutual assistance. — yer değiştirmek (for two officials) to exchange posts, karşılıksız 1. complimentary, gratis. 2. (check) the amount of which cannot be covered by the funds in the account on which it has been written, bad: karşılıksız çek a bad check. 3. unreturned, unrequited, not reciprocated. 4. unanswered. — çıkmak (for a check) to bounce. — satış short sale. — satış yapmak to sell short, karşıma astr. opposition, karşın /a/ in spite of. karşısav (./.) log. antithesis, karşıt, -ti 1. contrary; opposite. 2. counter-, anti-. 3. /a/ in disagreement with, opposed to. — anlamlı gram, antonymous, opposite in meaning. — kas anat. opponens. karşıtağı (./..) antidote, karşıtçı 1. opponent. 2. opposing, opposed, karşıtçılık opposition, karşıtdeğerli (./...) ambivalent, karşıtdeğerlilik (./....) ambivalence, karşıtduygu (./..) psych, antipathy, karşıtetkin (./..) med. antagonistic, karşıtetkinlik (./...) med. antagonism, karşıtlama refutation by proving the antithesis, karşıtlamak hi to refute (a thesis) by proving its opposite, karşıtlamalı antithetical, karşıtlaşma contradicting each other; being mutually opposed; /la/ being contradictory to (each other), karşıtlaşmak to contradict each other; /la/ to be contradictory to (each other).
 karşıtlı                                            494
karşıtlı adversative.
karşıtlık 1. contrast, being opposite. 2. disagreement.
karşıtten (./.) biochem. antibody.
*kart, -ti 1. card. 2. calling card. 3. postcard.
2kart, -ti 1. old, past his prime. 2. tough, hard, not fresh/tender (food). — kız colloq. old maid.
Kartaca (./.) hist. 1. Carthage. 2. Carthaginian, of Carthage.
Kartacali (./..) hist. 1. (a) Carthaginian. 2.
   Carthaginian (person), kartal zool. eagle, Aquila. —a bir ok değmiş, yine kendi yeleğinden, proverb (The shaft that pierced the eagle was feathered with one of its own pinions.) A person suffers most from the wrong done him/her by someone close to him/her. — burun colloq. aquiline nose. — gözlü colloq. eagle-eyed, keen -sighted, —a kaçmak slang to get old and tough; to be past its prime. — taşı eagle-stone. — yavrusu eaglet, kartalağacı, -m (./...) bot. eaglewood, agalloch, aloes, Aquilaria agallocha. kartallı (s.t.) that has an eagle or eagles on/in it. — eğreltiotu bot. eagle fern, Pteridium aquilinum.
kartalma prov. getting old, losing one’s youthful vigor.
kartalmak prov. to get old, lose one’s youthful vigor.
kartaloş slang, see kartaloz.
kartaloz slang old, past it, over the hill.
Cartel econ. cartel.
2kartel naut. keg (for drinking water), kartela (./.) 1. numbered card (used in a lottery). 2. obs. placard, sign (announcing a theatrical performance), karter 1. guard/case/housing (for a moving part of a machine). 2. auto., mech. crankcase. 3. chain guard (of a bicycle), kartezyen phil. 1. Cartesian, of or relating to Cartesianism. 2. (a) Cartesian, adherent of Cartesianism. kartlaşma 1. growing old, getting past one’s prime. 2. toughening and losing its freshness, kartlaşmak 1. to grow old, get past one’s prime.
    2. to toughen and lose its freshness, kartlık 1. being past one’s prime. 2. staleness, toughness, kartograf cartographer, map maker, kartografi cartography, kartografik cartographic, karton pasteboard; cardboard. — kapak cover (of a paperback book), kartonpiyer 1. plaster ornament/ornamentation (usually fixed on a ceiling or the upper part of the interior wall of a room). 2. carton pierre; fibrous plaster, kartopu, -nu (/..) 1. see kar topu. 2. bot. snowball, guelder rose, cranberry tree, Viburnum opulus. kartotek 1. card catalog; card index. 2. cabinet/
kasap
    drawer which houses a card catalog or card index. 3. case/cupboard in which maps are kept. — fişi index card, kartpostal 1. postcard. 2. a size of photograph: 9 x 12 cm. 3. photograph measuring 9 x 12 cm.
 kartuk prov. large rake.
 kartuş (bullet/ink/film) cartridge.
 kartvizit, -ti calling card. — bırakmak 1. to
    leave one’s calling card. 2. slang to vomit, throw up, barf, upchuck, toss up, toss one’s cookies.
 Karun (—.) 1. a rich man mentioned in the Koran. 2. colloq. very rich person, (a) Croesus. — gibi colloq. (as) rich as Croesus, karyağdı pepper-and-salt, karyokinez biol. karyokinesis, mitosis, karyola (/..) bed, bedstead (especially one that has a headboard and a footboard), kas muscle. — ağrısı path, myalgia. — akim-yazim electromyography. — kasılması muscular contraction. — kopması tearing a muscle. — teli anat. muscular fiber. — tutukluğu muscle cramp. — uru path, myoma. — zarı anat. sarcolemma. kasa (/.) 1. safe, strongbox. 2. cash register, till. 3. safe-deposit box; vault. 4. (in games) the bank. 5. body (of a truck/a railroad car).
    6.  case (for bottles). 7. case (for holding type). 8. naut. loop on the end of a rope; grommet. 9. door frame; window frame. 10. gymnastics horse. — açığı deficit, cash shortage. — bakiyesi çash on hand. — bilançosu cash balance sheet. — bilançosu yapmak to balance the cash. — dairesi strongroom.
    —   defteri cashbook. — fazlası unaccounted cash surplus. — hesabı cash account. — hırsızı safecracker, Brit, safebreaker. — kontrolü cash audit. — mevcudu cash, cash balance. — soymak to break a safe. — tazminatı extra amount paid one responsible for handling cash. — yevmiyesi cashbook.
 . kasaba (./.) small town, large village, kasabalı (./..) dweller in a small town, kasadar 1. cashier. 2. treasurer, kasadarlik work of a cashier, kasap 1. butcher. 2. butcher shop. 3. slang driver who is hard on cars/trucks. — bıçağı butcher knife. — çırağı butcher’s helper. — dükkânı butcher shop. — a et borcu mu var? (Kasaba et borcu yok ya.) colloq. (Does he/she owe money to the butcher?) He’s/She’s getting too fat. — havası 1. a folk dance. 2. the music of this dance. — merhemi an ointment made of black pitch, rosin, beeswax, and olive oil. — süngeri colloq. very nasty thing. — süngeri ile silinmiş colloq. 1. half washed, dirtier than if not washed at all, disgusting, nasty. 2. shameless, unabashed. —, yağı bol olunca gerisini yağlar. proverb (When the butcher has lots of fat he greases his own bottom.) When there is excess it tends to be wasted. —a yağ
kasaphane                                         495
   borcu mu var? (Kasaba yağ borcu yok ya.) colloq., see Kasaba et borcu mu var? (Kasaba et borcu yok ya.) — yamağı butcher’s helper.
kasaphane (..— .) obs. slaughterhouse, kasaplık 1. butchery, butcher’s trade/business, butchering. 2. (animal) fit for slaughter, kasar see kastar.
kasara (./.) naut. an upper deck situated fore or aft. — altı steerage. — üstü poop deck, kasarlamak N see kastarlamak, kasatura (../.) sword bayonet, kasavet, -ti (.—.) worry, anxiety. — basmak /a/ to be overcome by worry/anxiety, be filled with worry/anxiety. — çekmek/etmek to worry, be anxious, feel anxious, kasavetlenmek (.— ...) to worry, be anxious, feel anxious.
kasavetli (.— ..) worried, anxious, kasavetsiz (.— ..) free of worry, unworried, untroubled. — ağız anahtarsız açılır, proverb (The mouth of an untroubled person can be opened without a key.) A person can talk easily and well only if he’s/she’s free of worries, kasbilim (/..) myology, kasd see kasıt, kasden (/.) see kasten, kasdi see kasti.
kasdoku (/..) anat. muscle tissue, kâse (—.) 1. bowl. 2. slang rump, bottom, hind end.
kasem obs. oath. — billah etmek to swear to God. kaset, -ti cassette, kasetçalar (./..) cassette player, kasık anat. 1. groin. 2. inguinal. — altı bölgesi anat. subinguinal region. — bezi anat. inguinal gland. — bölgesi anat. inguinal region.
   —i çatlamak to get a hernia. — fıtığı path. inguinal hernia. — kanalı anat. inguinal canal. — kılı pubic hair. — yarığı prov., path, inguinal hernia, kasıkbağcı (./..) maker/seller of trusses for hernias.
kasıkbağı, -ni (./..) truss for a hernia, kasikbiti, -ni (./..) zool. crab louse, crab, Phthirus pubis. kasıkçatlağı, -ni (./...) path, inguinal hernia, kasikotu, -nu (./..) bot. agrimony, Agrimonia eupatoria. kasiksal inguinal.
kasıl muscular, pertaining to muscle, kasilduyumlar (.*"•••) muscular sensations, kasılım 1. contraction. 2. spasm, kasılımlı spastic, spasmodic, kasılma 1. contraction. 2. getting shorter, shortening. 3. being lessened, lessening. 4. spasm.
   5.     swagger, showing off; acting high and mighty. 6. slang sitting back imperiously, kasılmak 1. to contract. 2. to shorten, get shorter. 3. to be lessened, lessen. 4. to swagger, show off; to act high and mighty. 5. slang
                                                                                                   kasnak
   to sit back imperiously.
'kasım physiol, systole.
2kasım 1. November. 2. November eighth, the first day of winter according to popular belief. — fırtınası a storm occurring in November. — günleri the period between November eighth (kasım) and May sixth (hıdrellez), —dan on gün evvel ek, on gün sonra ekme, proverb Sow seed ten days before November eighth, but not ten days after.
   —   yüz elli, yaz belli, proverb (After the 150th day of November summer is clearly on its way.) After April sixth summer is just around the corner.
kasimli physiol, systolic, kasımpatı, -ni (./..) bot. chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum. kasınç cramp, spasm, kasmçlı 1. spasmodic. 2. spastic, kasınma 1. contraction. 2. spasm, cramp. 3. swagger, showing off; acting high and mighty.
kasınmak 1. (for a muscle) to become cramped, contract spasmodically. 2. to swagger, show off; to act high and mighty, kasıntı 1 . colloq. swagger, showing off; acting high and mighty. 2. stitching used to shorten a garment.
kasıntılı 1. colloq. swaggering, (s.o.) who acts high and mighty. 2. shortened by stitching, kasır, -sn summer palace, pleasure-house, kasırga (..'.) whirlwind; tornado; cyclone, kasıt, -stı 1. law criminal intention, intent to harm or do wrong. 2. purpose, design, intention. —ıyla with the intention of, intending to, in order to: Osman’ı öldürmek kastıyla kahveye gitti. He went to the cafe intending to kill Osman. — ı olmak /a/ to intend to do (s.o.) harm, have a design upon, kasıtlı 1. deliberate, intentional. 2. deliberately, intentionally, on purpose, kasıtsız 1. undeliberate, unintentional. 2. unde-liberately, unintentipnally. kasiçi, -ni (/..) med. intramuscular, kaside (.—.) qasida, kasida. kasideci (.—..) writer of a qasida. kasis open drainage ditch cut across a road, kasiyer cashier.
                                                            kaskatı (/..) 1. very hard, rigid. 2. stock-still.
   —      kesilmek to get very hard/rigid, kasket, -ti (any) cap/hat (which has a bill/a
   visor).
kasketçi maker/seller of caps, kasketli wearing a cap. kasko .(/.) automobile insurance, kaslı muscular, brawny.
                                                            kasmak /ı/ 1. to take in (a garment). 2. to shorten (a tether/a tie). 3. to reduce (an amount).
   4.  to pull on (the bit of a horse), rein up. 5. to oppress, kasıp kavurmak /ı/ colloq. 1. to tyrannize, oppress, terrorize. 2. to destroy, ruin.
                                                           kasnak 1. wide hoop/rim. 2. hoop/rim (of a
kasnakçı                                           496
   sieve/a tambourine). 3. embroidery hoop, tambour. 4. reinforced waistband of a greased wrestler’s leather trousers. 5. greased wrestling grasping the opponent’s waistband with the fingers inside and the thumb out. 6. mech. grooved rim (of a wheel). — işi tambour, embroidery made on a tambour frame. — kayışı mech. belt, kasnakçı person who makes embroidery hoops or wooden hoops for sieves/measures, kasnaklama hi 1. hooping, putting (s.t.) in a hoop. 2. giving (s.o.) a bear hug. 3. slang rubbing up against (s.o.). kasnaklamak hi 1. to hoop, put (s.t.) in a hoop.
   2.    to give (s.o.) a bear hug. 3. slang to rub up against (s.o.). kasnakli encased in a hoop/a rim/a cylinder. — beton reinforced concrete cast into a compressing cylinder, kasnı ammoniac, gum ammoniac, kaspanak (/..) slang by force.
*kast see kasıt.
2kast, -ti caste, kastanyet, -ti castanet.
kastanyola (../.) 1. pawl, detent, ratchet (on a ratchet wheel or capstan). 2. brake bar on a hawsepipe. — yuvası notch on a ratchet wheel.
kastar bleaching; bleaching cotton by soaking it in cold water. — etmek hi to bleach, kastarcı bleacher, kastarhane (..— .) bleachery. kastarlama hi bleaching, kastarlamak /if to bleach, kastarlı bleached.
kasten •(/.) deliberately, intentionally, on purpose.
kastetmek (/..) 1. hi to mean to say, mean: Maruf demekle neyi kastediyorsunuz?
   What do you mean by saying “famous”? Köy deyince Dudullu’yu kastediyor? When he says “the village” he means Dudullu. Beni mi kastetti? Did she mean me? 2. hi to intend, purpose, aim, mean: Bununla ona bir ders vermeyi kastettiler. They intended this to be a lesson to him. 3. /a/ to harbor evil intentions towards, have designs upon, intend to do (s.o.) harm, kasti (.—) 1. deliberate, intentional. 2. deliberately, intentionally, on purpose, kastor 1. zool. beaver, Castor fiber. 2. beaver, beaver fur. 3. beaver, made of beaver fur. kasvet, -ti melancholy, depression, gloom. — basmak/çökmek /a/ to be overcome by melancholy, be filled with gloom: Bana gene kasvet bastı. Once again I’m filled with gloom. — vermek /a/ to fill (s.o.) with melancholy/gloom, make (s.o.) melancholy/ gloomy.
kasvetli dreary, gloomy, depressing, melancholy.
*kaş 1. eyebrow. 2. brow, projection. 3. pommel (of a saddle). 4. collet (for a gem). —mm altında gözün var dememek /a/ colloq. not
                                                                                 kaşarpeyniri
   to do the slightest thing to irritate (s.o.). — atmak colloq., see kaş etmek, —larmi çatmak to frown. — etmek colloq. to raise one’s eyebrows as a sign to someone. — göz etmek /a/ colloq. to wink (at); to signal (to s.o.) with one’s eyes and eyebrows, —la göz arasında colloq. in the twinkling of an eye, in a trice. — ile göz, gerisi/kalam/artam/ dahası söz. proverb (It’s the eyes and the eyebrows; the rest is mere words.) A woman’s beauty lies in her eyes and eyebrows.
   —  kemeri anat. the upper margin of the eye socket. — yapayım derken göz çıkarmak colloq. to make matters worse while trying to be helpful.
2kaş phot. mask, kaşa prov. barley gruel, kaşağı 1. currycomb. 2. back scratcher. — rendesi smoothing plane, kaşağılama III currying, grooming, kaşağılamak III to curry, groom, kaşağılanma being curried, being groomed, kaşağılanmak to be curried, be groomed. . kaşalot, -tu 1 .zool. cachalot, sperm whale, Phy-seter catodon. 2. slang imbecile, idiot, dunce, kaşalotzade (...— .) slang idiot, dunderhead, kaşama hi currying, grooming, kaşamak hi to curry, groom, kaşan prov. 1. staling, urinating. 2. stale, urine of a horse. — yeri spot alongside a road where pack/draft animals are rested, kaşandırma III prov. letting (an animal) rest and stale.
kaşandırmak hi prov. to let (an animal) rest and stale.
kâşane (— —.) luxurious dwelling, mansion, ^kaşanma 1. being curried, being groomed. 2.
   scratching one’s back with a back scratcher. 2kaşanma prov. stopping and staling, kaşanmak 1. to be curried, be groomed. "2. to scratch one’s back with a back scratcher. 2kaşanmak prov. to stop and stale, kaşar 1. a mild, pale yellow cheese made of sheep’s milk. 2. kosher. 3. slang trickster, con man. 4. slang (s.o.) who is a trickster. 5. slang dirty and smelly person. 6. slang dirty and smelly (person), kaşarlanma slang 1. becoming experienced/ practiced/adept (at doing s.t.). 2. becoming hardened to evildoing. kaşarlanmak slang 1. to become experienced/ practiced/adept (at doing s.t.). 2. to become hardened to evildoing. kaşarlanmış slang 1. experienced, practiced, adept. 2. (s.o.) who has become hardened to evildoing. kaşarlaşma slang, see kaşarlanma, kaşarlaşmak slang, see kaşarlanmak, kaşarlı 1. (s.t.) which is made with kaşar cheese. 2. slang experienced, practiced, adept. 3. (s.o.) who has become hardened to evildoing.
                                                     kaşarpeyniri, -ni (./...) 1. a mild, pale yellow
kaşbastı
                                                            cheese made of sheep’s milk. 2. slang trickster, con man. 3. slang (s.o.) who is a trickster. 4. slang dirty and smelly person. 5. slang dirty and smelly (person), kaşbastı prov. cloth tied around the forehead, kaşe 1. pharm. cachet, wafer, wafer capsule. 2.
   seal (implement or its impression), kaşeksi path, cachexia.
kaşer 1. kosher. 2. a mild, pale yellow cheese made of sheep’s milk, kaşık 1. spoon. 2. spoonful. 3. wooden spoons used as castanets. 4. curette. 5. stoneworker’s spoon-shaped crowbar, —la aş verip sapıyla (gözünü) çıkartmak colloq., see kaşıkla yedirip sapıyla (gözünü) çıkartmak. — atmak /a/ colloq. to eat (s.t.) quickly. — çalımı colloq. supper time. — çalmak /a/ colloq., see kaşık atmak. — düşmanı colloq. one’s wife. — kadar colloq. emaciated (face). — kaşık by spoonfuls. — kepçesi bowl of a spoon. — matkabı core bit (for rock drilling). — oyunu folk dance performed while beating time with wooden spoons, —la yedirip sapıyla (gözünü) çıkartmak colloq. to spoil a good deed with a bad one. kaşıkçı spoon maker; spoon seller. — elması the largest diamond in the jewel collection of the Ottoman imperial house, kaşıkçıkuşu, -nu (../..) zool. pelican, Pelecanus. kaşıkçılık making/selling spoons, kaşıkçın zool. shoveler, spoonbill, shovelbill, Spatula clypeata. kaşıkgaga (./..) zool., see kaşıkçın, kaşıklama lıl 1. eating (s.t.) with a spoon. 2.
                                                             spooning (food) into one’s mouth greedily, kaşıklamak hi 1. to eat (s.t.) with a spoon. 2.
                                                             to spoon (food) into one’s mouth greedily, kaşıklanma 1. being eaten with a spoon. 2.
   being greedily eaten (with a spoon), kaşıklanmak 1. to be eaten with a spoon. 2. to be greedily eaten (with a spoon), kaşıklı (s.t./s.o.) that has a spoon, kaşıklıbalıkçıl (../...) zool. spoonbill, broadbill, Platalea leucorodia. kaşıklıbalıkçılgiller (../.....) zool. Plataleidae. kaşıklık 1. box/container for storing table silver.
   2. good for making spoons. 3. spoonful. 4. metal piece for holding a feather on a Janissary’s cap.
kaşıkotu, -nu (./..) bot. scurvy grass, Cochlear ia officinalis. kaşıma hi scratching (an itchy place), kaşımak /ı/ to scratch (an itchy place), kaşındırma /ı/ making (s.o./a part of the body) itch.
kaşındırmak hi to make (s.o./a part of the body) itch.
                                                            kaşınma 1. itching. 2. scratching an itchy place.
   3. colloq. itching for a beating/a scolding, asking for it.
kaşınmak 1. to itch. 2. to scratch an itchy place. 3. colloq. to be itching for a beating/ a scolding, be asking for it, be cruising for
 497                                         kataleptik
    a bruising, kaşıntı itch, pruritus.
kaşıntılı 1. (s.o./an animal) that has an itch. 2.
    itchy, itching; pruritic, kaşıyacak back scratcher. kâşif (—.) explorer; discoverer, kaşkariko (../.) slang 1. trick, deceit. 2. lie. — yapmak slang to pull a fast one, cheat, someone.
kaşkarikocu (../..) slang trickster, con man. 'kaşkaval 1. a yellow cheese. 2. slang dumb, dimwitted.
2kaşkaval naut. fid (supporting a topmast). — deliği/yuvası fid hole, kaşkavallık slang stupidity, dimwittedness. kaşkol, -lü (man’s) scarf, kaşkorse (./.) (woman’s) camisole, underwaist, kaşlı 1. (s.o.) who has (a certain kind of) eyebrows, -browed. 2. colloq. bushy-browed. 3. colleted. — gözlü colloq. 1. (s.o.) who has nice eyes and eyebrows. 2. (s.o.) who has an attractive face, kaşmer slang clown; oddball; drip, kaşmerdikoz slang, see kaşmer, kaşmir cashmere.
'kat, -tı 1. story, floor, Brit, storey. 2. layer, stratum; fold. 3. set (of clothes). 4. presence, the presence of a distinguished personage.
    5. time(s). 6. math, multiple, —mda in his/ her opinion. — çıkmak to add a story (to a building). — irtifakı a sharing by each of a building’s owners in the ownership of any story added to their building. — kat 1. in layers. 2. many times more, much more. — mülkiyeti condominium, ownership of one unit within a multi-unit building. — otoparkı multilevel parking garage, Brit, multistorey car park. — yeri crease, fold.
2kat, -t’ı obs. cutting, sundering, severing. —’i alaka severing of relations (with), katafalk, -ki catafalque, katafot, -tu reflector (used on a vehicle/a guardrail).
katakofti (../.) slang lie. katakomp, -pu catacomb, katakulli (.••"•) slang trick, ruse, shenanigan, —ye gelmek slang to be taken in. — yap-mak/oynamak /a/ slang to cheat, swindle; to dupe.
Katalan 1. (a) Catalan, (a) Catalonian. 2. Catalan, Catalonian, of the Catalans or their language, of Catalonia. — dili Catalan, the Catalan language.
Katalanca (../.) 1. Catalan, the Catalan language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Catalan, Catalan. 3. Catalan (speech/writing); spoken in Catalan; written in Catalan, katalaviz (../.) slang Understand?/Get it?/ Savvy? katalepsi med. catalepsy, kataleptik med. 1. cataleptic, pertaining to or inducing catalepsy. 2. cataleptic, affected with catalepsy. 3. (a) cataleptic.
 katalitik
katalitik chem. catalytic.
kataliz chem. catalysis.
katalizör chem. catalyst.
katalog 1. catalog, Brit, catalogue. 2. colloq.
   instruction manual.
Katalonya (../.) 1. Catalonia. 2. Catalonian, of Catalonia.
katalpa (./.) bot. catalpa, Catalpa bignonioides. katana (./.) see kadana.
Katar (/.) 1. Qatar. 2. Qatari, Qatar, of Qatar, katar train (of wagons/animals); caravan (of motor vehicles); convoy (of military vehicles); railway train. — ağaları Ott. hist. Janissary officers. — katar in orderly files. — kılavuzu 1. donkey at the head of a file of camels. 2. pilot engine, katarakt, -ti path, cataract, katarlama /ı/ prov. forming (animals/vehicles) into a line.
katarlamak III prov. to form (animals/vehicles) into a line.
katarlanma prov. being drawn up in a line/a file.
katarlanmak prov. to be drawn up in a line/a file.
Katarli (.'..) 1. (a) Qatari. 2. Qatari (person), katavasya (../.) the winter migration of fish from the Black Sea into the Mediterranean, katbilim (/..) stratigraphy, the study of strata, katedral, -li cathedral, kategori category, kategorik categorical.
katetme (/..) hf 1. traveling, covering, traversing (a distance); going through, passing through (a place). 2. obs. cutting, severing, katetmek (/..) hi 1. to travel, cover, traverse (a distance); to go through, pass through (a place). 2. obs. to cut, sever, katev (/.) apartment, Brit. flat, katgüt, -tü catgut.
*katı 1. hard, stiff, rigid. 2. tough, hard, unbending; stern; insensitive. 3. chem., phys. solid. 4. archaic very, much. — atık solid waste. — olmak 1. to harden, stiffen. 2. to become hard, become unyielding. — söz colloq. harsh word. — yumurta hard-boiled e£g- — yürekli hardhearted, heartless.
2kati gizzard (of birds).
3katı, -t’ı see 2kat.
katık 1. a food (such as cheese/olives) eaten with bread. 2. prov. yogurt. — ı ekmeğine denk olmak colloq. (for things) to be going well for one. — etmek /ı, a/ to eat (a food) with (bread) so that the food lasts as long as the bread.
katıklı (bread) eaten with something else. — aş prov. dish made of boiled cracked wheat and yogurt.
                                                             katıksız 1. (bread) eaten by itself. 2. unadulterated, pure. — hapis mil. solitary confinement with bread and water as food, katıla katıla (../ ...) used in: — ağlamak to choke with sobs. — gülmek to split one’s
498                                         katırtırnağı
   sides laughing; to choke with laughter, katılaşma 1. hardening; stiffening, becoming rigid. 2. becoming insensitive, hardening, becoming unyielding. 3. chem., phys. solidification.
katılaşmak 1. to harden; to stiffen, become rigid. 2. to become insensitive, harden, become unyielding. 3. chem., phys. to solidify, katılaştırma hi 1. hardening (s.t.). 2. making (s.o.) hard/insensitive, katılaştırmak hi 1. to harden (s.t.). 2. to make (s.o.) hard/insensitive, katilgandoku (../..) anat. connective tissue, katılık 1. hardness; stiffness, rigidity. 2. hardness, sternness; insensitivity. 3. chem., phys. solidity.
batılma 1. /a/ being added (to), being mixed (with). 2. participation. 3. agreement, agreeing.
2katilma being out of breath (from laughing/ weeping).
batılmak /a/ 1. to be added (to), be mixed (with). 2. to join (a group); to enter into, participate in (an activity). 3. (for s.o.) to agree with.
2katilmak to be out of breath (from laughing/ weeping).
katiltma hi making (s.o.) laugh so hard he/she chokes.
katiltmak hi to make (s.o.) laugh so hard he/ she chokes.
katım 1. adding, mixing, joining. 2. turning the male animals into the flock/herd at breeding time.
katımlık quantity to be added or mixed in. katıntı 1. mixture. 2. party-crasher; gate-crasher, katır 1. mule; hinny. 2. colloq. stubborn, mulish, —a “Baban kim?” demişler, “Dayım at,” demiş, proverb (They asked the mule, “Who is your father?” He answered, “My mother’s brother is a horse.”) A person who feels inferior dwells only on his/her best qualities, —a cilve yap demişler, çifte/tekme atmış. proverb (They asked the mule to show its grace and it let fly with both hind feet.) A clumsy fool falls on his/her face trying to be graceful. — inadı colloq. mulishness. — kuyruğu gibi kalmak colloq. not to make any progress, katırboncuğu, -nu (./...) 1. large blue bead (hung around the neck of an animal to ward off the evil eye). 2. cowry, cowry shell (strung with blue beads around the neck of an animal), katırcı muleteer, mule skinner, katırcılık being a muleteer, katır kutur (./ ..) 1. with a crunching sound, crunchingly. 2. making a clumping sound.
   —      yemek III to crunch, eat (s.t.) crunchingly. katırkuyruğu, -nu (./...) bot. horseshoe vetch, Hippocrepis comosa. katırtırnağı, -ni (./...) bot. broom, besom, Cytisus.
 katıryılam
katır yılanı, -m         zool. a viper,
katışık mixed. — gıda adulterated food, katışıksız pure, unadulterated, katışma /a/ joining (a group), katışmaç biol. colony, cluster, katışmak /a/ to join (a group), katıştırma /ı, a/ adding (s.t.) to (a substance), katıştırmak /i, a/ to add (s.t.) to (a substance), katıyağ (./.) lubricating grease, machine grease, kati (.—) 1. definite; absolute, categorical; final, irrevocable. 2. decisive, firm (thing). — bir şekilde see kati olarak. — ferağ law absolute transfer (of property). — karar unappealable decision. — karine law irrebuttable presumption. — olarak very definitely, most certainly; very clearly, unequivocally, in no uncertain terms. — surette see kati olarak. — teklif firm offer, kâtibane (-—.— .) obs. 1. high-flown (style) characteristic of Ottoman officials. 2. (written) in the high-flown style characteristic of Ottoman officials, kâtibe (—..) obs. (female) secretary, clerk, katil (—.) 1. murderer. 2. lethal, deadly, katil, -tli murder, homicide, katileşme (.— ..) 1. becoming definite/final. 2.
    acquiring a decisive/peremptory quality, katileşmek (.— ..) 1. to become definite/final.
    2. (for s.t.) to acquire a decisive/peremptory quality.
kâtip (—.) (male) secretary, clerk, kâtiplik (—..) 1. being a secretary/a clerk. 2.
                                                             secretaryship, clerkship, katiyen (.—.) 1. by no means, in no way, no way, absolutely not: “Bizimle gelir misin?” “Katiyen!” “Will you come with us?” “Absolutely not!” 2. obs. very definitely, most certainly; very clearly, unequivocally, in no uncertain terms, katiyet, -ti 1. definiteness; absoluteness; finality, irrevocability. 2. decisiveness, firmness, katkı 1. assistance, aid, help. 2. contribution, addition. 3. (an) additive; alloy, —da bulunmak /a/ to give some help (to), assist (in).
    —     maddesi (an) additive, katkılı containing an additive; alloyed, katkısız pure, free from additives; unalloyed, katkonut, -tu (.'..) apartment, Brit. flat, katlak med. (a patient’s) chart.
katlama 1. folding, folding up. 2. prov. flat bread. — kapı folding door. — makinesi print, folding machine, katlamak hi to fold, fold up. katlandırmak /ı, a/ to get (s.o.) to endure (a difficult situation), katlanılma 1. being folded, being folded up. 2.
    /a/ being endured, katlanılmak 1. to be folded, be folded up. 2.
    /a/ to be endured, katlanır folding, collapsible. — iskemle 1. campstool. 2. folding chair; X-chair. — kapı folding door. — koltuk theat. folding seat.
    —  masa folding table. — ffietre folding rule.
 499                                             katran
    —  paravana folding screen. — sandalye folding chair. — yatak folding bed.
katlanma 1. being folded, being folded up. 2.
    /a/ bearing, tolerating, enduring. . katlanmak 1. to be folded, be folded up. 2. /a/ to bear, tolerate, endure, katlanti patience, katlantili patient, forbearing, katlantisiz impatient, katlantısızlık impatience, katlatma /ı, a/ having (s.t.) folded, katlatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) folded, katledilme (/...) being murdered, katledilmek (.'...) to be murdered, katletme (/..) hi murdering, katletmek (/..) hi to murder, katlı 1. folded. 2. (building) of (a certain number of) stories, -storied, katliam massacre.
katma 1. addition, adding. 2. annexation. 3. ling, adjunction. 4. added. 5. annexed. 6. supplementary. — bütçe supplementary budlget.
    —     değer vergisi value-added tax. katmak /ı, a/ 1. to add, mix in. 2. to send with.
    3.    to annex (s.t.) (to). 4. to mate (a male animal) to (a female); to turn (a male animal) into (a flock/a herd), katman layer; stratum; bed, seam, katmanbulut, -tu (..'..) stratus, stratus cloud, katmanlaşma geol. stratification, katmanlaşmak to stratify, become stratified, katmer 1. layering, being in layers. 2. layer. 3. doubling (in flowers). — akıllı colloq. very sly, very cunning. — böreği a flaky, savory pastry. — katmer one on top of the other; one after the other, katmerci maker/seller of katmer böreği, katmerleşme 1. becoming layered. 2. increasing, increase, katmerleşmek 1. to become layered. 2. to increase.
katmerli 1. in layers. 2. double (flower). — bileşik zaman gram, compound tense (e.g. gelecektiyse, gelirseymiş). — iyelik gram. doubling of the possessive suffix in a noun (e.g. birisi, ayakkabısı). — yalan colloq. lie based upon another lie. katmerlibadem (../—.) bot. flowering almond, Prunus.
katmerlipapatya (../...) bot. China aster, Callistephus sinensis.
Katolik 1. (a) Roman Catholic, (a) Catholic. 2. Roman Catholic, Catholic, pertaining to Roman Catholicism.
Katoliklik Roman Catholicism, Catholicism, katot cathode, katra see katre.
katran tar. — gibi tarry, tarry-looking, pitch -black, —dan olmaz şeker, olsa da cinsine çeker, proverb (You can’t make sugar out of tar; if you do, it will taste of tar.) You can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear.
    —  suyu tar-water.
katranağacı
500
kavileştirme
katranağacı, -nı (./...) bot. 1. terebinth, Chian turpentine tree, Pistacia terebinthus. 2. cedar of Lebanon, Cedrus libani. katrancı 1. person who makes/sells tar. 2. person who spreads tar. katrançamı, -m (./..) bot. longleaf pine, long -leaved pine, Georgia pine, Brit, pitch pine, Pinus palustris. katranköpüğü, -nü (./...) bot. pore fungus, polypore, Polyporus. katranlama /ı/ tarring, covering (s.t.) with tar. katranlamak hi to tar, cover (s.t.) with tar. katranlanma being tarred, being covered with tar.
katranlanmak to be tarred, be covered with tar. katranlı tarred, tarry. — halat tarred rope. — kâğıt tarpaper. — sabun coal-tar soap. — üstüpü oakum, katranruhu, -nu (./—.) med. creosote, wood creosote, katrantaşı, -m (./..) pitchstone. katrat, -ti print, quadrat, quad, katre obs. a drop (of a liquid), —si kalmadı. colloq. There’s not a bit left. — katre drop by drop, —si yok. colloq., see Katresi kalmadı.
katrilyon quadrillion (1024). katsayı (/..) math, coefficient, katyuvari, -m (/...) astr. stratosphere, kauçuk 1. rubber; caoutchouc, natural rubber.
   2.  bot. (Assam/India) rubber plant, Ficus elastica.
kauçukağacı, -ni (../...) bot. (Para) rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. kauçuklu (s.t.) that contains rubber; coated with rubber.
kav tinder, punk. — gibi tindery, punky. kavaf maker/seller of cheap, ready-made shoes.
   —      işi colloq. shoddy, of poor quality. — malı colloq. shoddy goods, kavaflık the cheap shoe trade, kavait (.—.) obs. rules, regulations, kavak bot. poplar, Populus. —, yaprağını tepeden dökerse kış çok olur, proverb lf the leaves at the top of the poplar fall first it will be a long winter, kavakçılık the commercial growing of poplars, kavakinciri, -ni (./...) a light purple fig. kavaklık poplar grove.
                                                         kaval shepherd’s pipe, flageolet. — elden, yel Allahtan (sen yalnız parmaklarını oynat).
   colloq. (The pipe is from someone else, and the wind is from God.) The work’ll be done by others, but you’ll get the credit for it. — kemiği anat., see kavalkemiği. — tüfek (a) smoothbore, kavalcı 1. piper. 2. maker/seller of shepherd’s pipes.
kavalkemiği, -ni (./...) anat. tibia, kavallanma slang pestering someone, giving someone a headache, kavallanmak slang to pester someone, give someone a headache.
kavalye (./.) 1. man who is a woman’s dancing partner. 2. man acting as a woman’s escort.
kavanço (./.) 1. naut. shifting (of a sail/a boom). 2. slang substituting (one thing for another). 3. slang landing (s.o. with a job).
   —   etmek slang 1. /i, a/ to land (s.o.) with (a job). 2. /i, la/ to substitute (one thing) for (another).
kavanoz (glass) jar; mason jar.
'kavara (./.) prov. 1. empty honeycomb. 2.
   honey left in the hive for the bees.
2kavara (./.) prov. noise, outburst, kavas hist, kavass, armed attendant of an ambassador/a consul, kavasya (..'.) bot. quassia, Quassia amara. kavata (./.) 1. sour green tomato (good for pickling). 2. a large wooden bowl, kavela (./.) naut. treenail, trunnel. kavga 1. quarrel, row; brawl, fight. 2. struggle.
   —   aramak colloq. to look for trouble. — bizim yorganın başına imiş, colloq. (They were fighting over our quilt.) I was an onlooker who ended up getting hurt. — çıkarmak colloq. to provoke a quarrel; to pick a fight. — etmek /la/ to quarrel (with); to fight (with). —ya girişmek colloq., see kavgaya tutuşmak. — kaşağısı colloq. person who incites others to quarrel, —da kılıç ödünç verilmez, proverb When a fight is on, you shouldn’t lend your sword to anyone. — ya tutuşmak colloq. to start quarreling (with each other), —da yumruk sayılmaz, proverb (You don’t count the blows in a fist fight.)
   1. You have to fight to win, without counting the cost or the damage. 2. In an emergency you get the thing done first and count its cost later.
kavgacı quarrelsome; brawling, brawlsome, brawly.
kavgalaşma quarreling with each other; fighting with each other, kavgalaşmak to quarrel with each other; to fight with each other, kavgalı 1. disputed. 2. /la/ angry with, mad at (s.o.). 3. angry with each other, kavgasız 1. peaceable, peace-loving. 2. without a quarrel, without arguing, peacefully, kavgima prov. walking fast; running, kavgimak prov. to walk fast; to run. kavi (.—) obs. strong; durable; sound, kavil, -vli obs. 1. utterance, words, remarks: Kürşat’m kavline göre taşınacaklar. According to what Kürşat says, they’re going to move. 2. agreement, understanding, accord. —ince 1. according to: onun kavlince according to him. 2. in keeping with, in line with, in conformity with (a saying). — ve fiil word and deed, profession and practice, kavileşme (.— ..) becoming strong, kavileşmek (.— ..) to become strong, kavileştirme (.—...) hi strengthening, making (s.t.) strong.
 kavileştirmek                                  501
kavileştirmek          M to strengthen, make
   (s.t.) strong, kavilleşme colloq. making an agreement, coming to an agreement, kavilleşmek colloq. to make an agreement, come to an agreement, kavim, -vmi ethnic group, ethnos; (a) people; tribe.
kavis, -vsi arc, curve, kavkı zool. shell.
kavlak 1. (tree) whose bark has scaled off. 2.
   (skin) peeling from sunburn, kavlama 1. scaling off (of bark). 2. peeling, desquamation (of skin), kavlamak 1. (for bark) to scale off. 2. (for skin) to peel, desquamate, kavlanma see kavlama, kavlanmak see kavlamak, kavlaşma becoming tindery/punky. kavlaşmak to become tindery/punky. kavlatma l\l making (s.t.) peel/desquamate, kavlatmak /ı/ to make (s.t.) peel/desquamate, kavletmek (/..) obs. /la/ to make an agreement with, come to an agreement with, kavlıç prov. 1. hernia, rupture. 2. ruptured, suffering from a hernia, kavmantan, -ni (/...) bot. a bracket fungus (found on trees), Fomes fomentarius. kavmi (.—) obs. ethnic, ethnical, kavmiyat, -ti obs. ethnography, kavmiyet, -ti obs. ethnicity; tribalism, kavraç tongs for lifting heavy rocks, kavrak prov. dry leaves or brushwood (for a fire).
*kavram concept.
2kavram prov. visceral peritoneum, kavrama 1. comprehension, understanding, grasp. 2. grasping, grasp, clutch. 3. auto., mech. clutch; clutch pedal. 4. (wooden) crosspiece, brace, strut. — ayaklığı clutch pedal.
kavramak l\l 1. to comprehend. 2. to grasp, clutch.
kavramcı phil. 1. (a) conceptualist. 2. con-ceptualistic. kavramcılık phil. conceptualism, kavramsal conceptual.
kavranılma 1. being comprehended. 2. being grasped, being clutched, kavranılmak 1. to be comprehended. 2. to be grasped, be clutched, kavranılmaz inconceivable, incomprehensible, kavranma 1. being comprehended. 2. being grasped, being clutched, kavranmak 1. to be comprehended. 2. to be grasped, be clutched, kavratma /ı, a/ 1. getting (s.o.) to comprehend.
   2.    causing (s.o.) to grasp/clutch, kavratmak /i, a/ 1. to get (s.o.) to comprehend.
   2.    to cause (s.o.) to grasp/clutch, kavrayış 1. comprehension. 2. grasping, grasp, clutching, clutch, kavrayışlı quick to comprehend, quick on the
                                                                                           kavuşmak
    uptake.
kavrayışlılık quickness of comprehension, kavrayışsız slow to comprehend, slow on the uptake.
kavrayışsızlık slowness of comprehension, kavruk 1. withered (by heat/cold). 2. undersized for his/her age, runty; stunted, kavrukluk 1. runtiness; stuntedness. 2. witheredness (owing to heat/cold), kavrulma 1. roasting, being roasted, being parched. 2. being withered/blasted (by heat/ cold).
kavrulmak 1. to roast, be roasted, be parched.
    2.   to be withered/blasted (by heat/cold), kavrulmuş roasted. — kahve roasted coffee, kavşak junction, crossroads, intersection, kavuk 1. turban. 2. quilted cap around which a turban’s sash is wrapped. 3. (urinary) bladder. —u büyük, kendi küçük şalgam efendi colloq. (little master turnip wearing a big turban) The shrimp thinks he’s big stuff! — sallamak /a/ colloq. to chime in obsequiously with (s.o.); always to say yes to (s.o.), toady to.
Kavuklu a character in the ortaoyunu, kavuklu turbaned. kavukluk shelf for holding turbans, kavun bot. muskmelon, Cucumis melo; Persian melon; cantaloupe; honeydew melon; winter melon. —, karpuz kökeninde büyür, proverb (Melons grow from their vines.) 1. Children turn out best if raised by their parents.
    2. One lives happily, if one lives in the place where one grew up. —, karpuz yata yata büyür, colloq. (Melons grow lying on the ground.) He’s/She’s as lazy as they come.
kavunağacı, -ni (./...) bot. papaya tree, papaya, Carica papaya. kavuniçi, -ni (./..) melon pink, yellowish pink, kavurga prov. roasted wheat/corn/chickpeas. — karın doyurmaz, proverb (Roast chickpeas won’t satisfy someone who’s really hungry.) A stopgap measure won’t satisfy a pressing need.
kavurma 1. roasting. 2. withering, blasting (of wind/cold); parching, scorching (of the sun).
    3. roasted, roast. 4. meat braised in its own fat.
kavurmaç prov. roasted wheat, kavurmak /ı/ 1. to roast. 2. (for wind/cold) to wither, blast; (for the sun) to parch, scorch, kavurmalık (food) suitable for roasting, kavurtma /ı, a/ having (s.t.) roasted, kavurtmak /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) roasted, kavuşma 1. encounter, meeting, reunion. 2. biol. isogamy. — konumu astr. configuration (of heavenly bodies), kavuşmak 1. /a/ to be reunited (with). 2. /a/ to succeed in getting (s.t. long sought). 3. /a/ to reach, arrive at. 4. /a/ (for one stream) to flow into (another); (for one road) to join (another). 5. (for the ends of s.t.) to meet, overlap properly.
 kavuşturma                                      502
kavuşturma /ı, a/ 1. reuniting (s.o.) with; bringing (s.o./s.t.) back to. 2. causing (s.o.) to succeed in getting (s.t.). kavuşturmak /ı, a/ 1. to reunite (s.o.) with; to bring (s.o./s.t.) back to. 2. to cause (s.o.) to succeed in getting (s.t.). kavuşulmak impersonal passive 1. to be reunited. 2. /a/ to succeed in obtaining (s.t. long sought), kavuşum astr. conjuction, conjoining (of heavenly bodies), kavuşumdevri, -ni (../..) astr. synodical period, kavuşur used in: — suyosunlari bot. Conju-gatae/Zygnematales. kavut prov. a food made of roasted wheat ground with dried wild pears, kavuz bot. glume, kavuzlu bot. glumiferous. kavuzlular bot. Graminales/Glumiflorae. kavzama hf prov. 1. holding (s.t.) firmly. 2. guarding, protecting. 3. organizing, putting in order.
kavzamak fıf prov. 1. to hold (s.t.) firmly. 2. to guard, protect. 3. to organize, put in order, kay, -yyi vomiting. — etmek to vomit, kaya 1. huge rock; large rock mass. 2. rock cliff, rock precipice, palisade, —lara bindirmek (for a ship) to be wrecked on the rocks. — dökün tülü kıyı rock reef. — gibi colloq. strong, durable; stalwart, staunch. — mezarı archaeol. rock tomb. — resmi archaeol., see mağara resmi. — suyu spring emerging from a rock mass. — uçmazsa dere dolmaz. proverb (If the rocks don’t fall the valley will never be filled up.) A great enterprise calls for sacrifices, kayabalığı, -m (./...) zool. goby, Gobius.
kayabalığıgiller (./...) zool. Gobiidae.
kayabaşı, -m (./..) rural ballad, shepherd’s song, kayagüvercini, -ni (./....) zool. rock dove, Columba livia. kayağan slippery, slick, kayağanlık slipperiness, slickness, kayağantaş (../.) geol. slate, kayahanisi, -ni (./...) zool. a grouper, Epi-nephelus aeneas. kayahorozu, -nu (./...) zool. cock-of-the-rock, Rupicola rupicola. kayak 1. ski. 2. skiing. — yapmak to ski. — yolu ski run. kayakartali, -ni (./...) zool. golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos. kayakça 1. ice skate. 2. roller skate, kayakçı skier, kayakçılık skiing.
kayakekiği, -ni (./...) bot. wild thyme, Thymus serpyllum.
kayakeleri, -ni (./...) zool. chameleon, came-leon, Chamaeleon vulgaris. kayakkabi, -yi 1. ice skate. 2. roller skate, kayakoruğu, -nu (./...) bot. stonecrop, Sedum. kayalık 1. rocky. 2. rocky place (on land/in water); rock cliff.
                                                                                                  kaygı
kayalifi, -ni (./..) asbestos, kayan prov. mountain torrent, kayaörümceği, -ni (./,...) zool. a spider living among rocks, Drassidae and related species, kayar prov. 1. goat trail, path. 2. reusing an old horseshoe. 3. the trimming of an animal’s hooves.
kayarlama prov. 1. the reuse of old horseshoes with new nails. 2. replacement/repair of horseshoes or of the flints embedded in the bottom of a threshing sledge, kayarlamak /ı/ slang to swear at, curse, kayarto (./.) slang passive male homosexual, queen.
kayasa prov. cinch, girth (of a saddle), kayasıvacıkuşu, -nu (./.....) zool. rock nuthatch, Sitta syriaca. kayatuzu, -nu (./..) rock salt, halite, kaybetme (.'..) h/ losing, kaybetmek (/..) /ı/ to lose, kaybolma (/..) being/getting lost; disappearing from sight, disappearance, kaybolmak (/..) to be/get lost; to disappear from sight. Kaybolan koyunun kuyruğu büyük olur, proverb (The tail of a lost sheep is big.) One always sees a lost thing as being much better than it actually was. kaydetme (/..) /ı/ 1. enrolling, registering. 2. recording, entering, writing down. 3. recording (with a tape recorder). 4. comp, saving.
   5. stating, noting. 6. taking notice of; keeping in mind. 7. sports chalking up, scoring, making.
kaydetmek (/..) /ı/ 1. to enroll, register. 2. to record, enter, write down. 3. to record (with a tape recorder). 4. comp, to save. 5. to state, note. 6. to take notice of; to keep in mind.
    7.    sports to chalk up, score, make, kaydıhayat, -ti (.'...) law the condition of being alive, —la (— şartıyla) as long as one lives, for life.
kaydırak 1. large flat pebble. 2. a game like hopscotch. 3. slide (for children). 4. stone-boat, skid, kaydırılma being slid/skidded, kaydırılmak to be slid/skidded, kaydırma 1. /ı/ sliding/skidding (s.t.). 2. cin. moving the camera during a take, dollying.
    —     yapmak cin. to dolly, kaydırmak hf to slide, skid, kaydırtma hf having (s.t.) skidded/slid, kaydırtmak fif to have (s.t.) skidded/slid, kaydiye obs. registration fee. kaydolma (/..) /a/ being enrolled (in), being registered (in), kaydolmak (/..) /a/ to be enrolled (in), be registered (in), kaygan slippery, slick.
kaygana 1. omelet made with cheese or chopped meat. 2. sweet dessert made with eggs.
kayganlık slipperiness, slickness, kaygı anxiety, worry.
 kaygılandırma                                     503
kaygılandırma 111 worrying (s.o.), causing (s.o.) concern.
kaygılandırmak lıl to worry (s.o.), cause (s.o.) concern.
kaygılanma worrying, getting anxious, kaygılanmak to worry, get anxious, kaygılı worried, anxious, uneasy, kaygılılık uneasiness, anxiety, kaygm prov.^ 1. slippery, slick. 2. pregnant (animal).
kaygısız carefree, untroubled, kaygısızlık untroubledness; lightheartedness, kayık 1. caique, skiff. 2. slipped to one side. 3. caique-shaped. — salıncak a boat-shaped swing (holding two people). — tabak (oval) platter, kayıkçı boatman.
kayıkçılık 1. building and selling caiques. 2. renting caiques. 3. transporting people/goods by caique, kayıkhane (..—.) boathouse.
‘kaym, -ym brother-in-law.
2kaym bot. beech, Fagus sylvatica. — kozalağı beechnut. — yağı beechnut oil. kayinbaba (./..) father-in law. kayınbirader (./.— .) brother-in-law. kayıngiller bot. Fagaceae. kayınpeder (./..) father-in-law. kayınvalide (.•"—••) mother-in-law. kayıp, -ybı 1. loss. 2. lost person; lost thing.
   3. mil. soldier reported as missing in action.
   4. lost, missing. —lara karışmak colloq. (for s.o.) to disappear, not to be seen for some time. — listesi casualty list.
kayır prov. sandbank, sandbar, kayırıcı (person) who gives preferential treatment.
kayırıcılık preferential treatment, kayinlma being given preferential treatment, kayirilmak to be given preferential treatment, kayırış see kayırma.
kayırma preferential treatment, favoritism, playing favorites, kayırmak /ı/ 1. to show favoritism toward, give (s.o.) preferential treatment. 2. to sponsor, protect, care for. kayırtmak /ı, a/ to cause (s.o.) to get preferential treatment, kayısı apricot. — ağacı bot. apricot tree, Prunus armeniaca.
kayış leather strap/belt/watchband/razor strop, aşırmak slang to pull a fast one. — atmak slang 1. to pull a fast one. 2. to try to get out of doing (work). 3. to ignore. — bilir kutan ne çeker, proverb (The harness strap knows what the plow has to go through.) The person who really appreciates a job’s difficulty is the person who’s done that job himself/herself at one time, —a çekmek 111 1. slang to trick, pull a fast one on. 2. to strop (a razor). — gibi colloq. 1. tough as leather (meat). 2. overly suntanned (skin). 3. wiry (person). — kasnağı mech. rim for a belt.
                                                                                                  2kaymak
    —  kılavuzu mech. belt guide, —a vurmak h! to strop (a razor).
kayışbalığı, -m (..'...) zool. cusk eel, Ophidium barbatum.
kayışçı 1. maker/seller of leather belts/straps.
    2.    slang swindler, con man. kayışdili, -ni (./..) 1. vulgar speech, coarse language. 2. thieves’ slang, kayışkıran bot. restharrow, Ononis repens. kayışlı 1. having a leather strap/belt/band/strop.
    2.    belt-driven, kayıt, -ydı 1. enrollment, registration. 2. entering (s.t.) (in a record book); noting (s.t.) down. 3. entry (in a record book); record.
    4. giving importance to. 5. restriction, limitation, restraint. 6 .formerly fetter, shackle.
    7.    any of the four pieces comprising a wooden frame. — altında restricted. — altına girmek to become bound by restrictions. — defteri register, record book, —a değer noteworthy. —tan düşmek 111 to delete (an entry) (in a register), —a geçirmek 111 to register, enter in a register. — kuyut colloq. restrictions. — kuyut tanımamak colloq. to pay no attention to restrictions, —lari nakletmek /a/ to post items in (a ledger), —mı silmek Iml to delete (an entry) from a record book; to expunge (s.o.’s) name from a register, kayıtlama h! 1. enrolling, registering. 2. entering in (a record book); noting down. 3. restricting, making (s.t.) bound by restrictions, kayıtlamak 111 1. to enroll, register. 2. to enter in (a record book); to note down. 3. to restrict, make (s.t.) bound by restrictions, kayıtlı 1. enrolled, registered. 2. entered, recorded (in a record book); noted down. 3. bound by restrictions/a restriction. — sermaye registered capital, authorized capital, kayıtmak /dan/ prov. to abandon (a resolve/an idea).
kayıtsız 1. unconcerned, indifferent. 2. unregistered, unrecorded. 3. unrestricted. — kalmak /a/ colloq. to be indifferent (to). — şartsız unconditionally, with no restrictions whatsoever, with no strings attached. — şartsız teslim unconditional surrender, kayıtsızlık unconcern, indifference, kaykılma /a/ leaning to (one side); leaning (back).
kaykılmak /a/ to lean to (one side); to lean (back).
kayma 1. landslide. 2. sliding, slide; slipping, slip; skidding, skid. 3. cin. misframe. 4. cin. ghost image. 5. a children’s game, kaymaç slanting (eye). — gözlü slant-eyed, 'kaymak to slide; to slip; to skid.
2kaymak 1. cream. 2. clotted cream. 3. colloq. the cream, the essence, the best part. — ını almak Iml to skim (milk). — altı skim milk.
    —  bağlamak to form cream. — gibi colloq.
    1. very white and smooth. 2. creamy and delicious. —i seven mandayı yanında taşır. proverb (A person who likes cream will take
 kaymakam                                     504
   a water buffalo along with him/her.) If you want some things, you’ve got to put up with the problems they entail. — şekeri a fondant candy. — tutmak to form cream. — yağı fresh butter, kaymakam 1. official charged with governing a provincial district. 2. formerly lieutenant colonel, kaimakam, qaimaqam, qaimmaqam. kaymakamlık 1. rank/duties of a kaymakam.
   2. administrative district within a province.
   3.    building housing a kaymakam’s office, kaymakçı maker/seller of cream, kaymakçılık making/selling cream, kaymakkâğıdı, -m (./...) glossy paper, glazed
   paper.
kaymaklanma forming cream.
kaymaklanmak to form cream.
kaymaklı creamy; made/covered with cream.
   —     dondurma (creamy) ice cream, kaymaktaşı, -ni (./..) alabaster, gypsum.
Kayman Adaları, -m Cayman Islands, Caymans.
kaymaoluşum (./...) diastrophism, tectonism. kaymaoluşumsal (./....) tectonic, diastrophic. kayme prov. 1. paper lira. 2. bank note, bill, kaynaç geyser.
                                                       kaynaçtaşı, -m (./..) geol. gey seri te. kaynak 1. fountainhead, source (of a stream/a river); spring. 2. source, origin. 3. written source (of information). 4. weld, welded place. 5. patch, patched place (on rubber).
   6. welding. 7. patching (rubber). — disk comp, source disk. —• program comp, source program. — suyu spring water. — sürücü comp, source drive. — tozu welding flux.
   —  yapmak /a/ 1. to weld. 2. to patch (rubber).
kaynakça (./.) bibliography, kaynakçasal (./..) bibliographical, kaynakçı welder (person), kaynakçılık welder’s work; the welding business.
kaynaklama /ı/ 1. welding. 2. patching (rubber).
kaynaklamak /ı/ 1. to weld. 2. to patch (rubber).
kaynaklı 1. originating from. 2. welded. 3.
   patched (rubber), kaynama 1. boiling. 2. surging up, bubbling up.
   3.    knitting (of broken bones). — ısısı boiling temperature. — noktası boiling point, kaynamak 1. to boil. 2. to ferment. 3. to have a burning sensation (in the stomach). 4. to surge up, seethe. 5. to swarm, teem. 6. (for a broken bone) to knit. 7. to become welded.
   8. colloq. (for a plan) to be cooked up in secret. 9. colloq. to fidget. 10. slang to disappear without a trace. 11. slang (for a lesson hour) to be wasted. Kaynayan kazan kapak tutmaz, proverb You can’t keep a lid on a boiling pot.
kaynana (. ..) mother-in-law. — öcü, oğlu cici.
   proverb Her mother-in-law is an old dragon,
                                                                                                   kayrak
                                                               but her husband is an angel. — pamuk ipliği olup raftan düşse gelinin başını yarar.
   proverb (If a mother-in-law were a cotton thread falling off a shelf she would injure her daughter-in-law’s head.) In the eyes of her daughter-in-law a mother-in-law can do nothing right, kaynanadili, -ni (/....) bot. snake plant, san-sevieria, Sansevieria. kaynanalık (/...) 1. being a mother-in-law. 2. acting like a bad-tempered mother-in-law.
   —  etmek /a/ colloq. to act like a bad-tempered mother-in-law (towards).
kaynanazırıltısı, -m (/.....) clacker, rattle with
   a ratchet wheel, kaynar 1. boiling (water). 2. prov. spring; fountainhead. 3. slang hash, hashish, kaynarca (./.) 1. hot spring, thermal spring. 2.
   prov. spring; fountainhead. kaynaşık 1. fused; ankylosed. 2. colloq. restless, changeable, unpredictable, unstable (person), kaynaşım ankylosis.
                                                           kaynaşma 1. fusion, joining together. 2. colloq. becoming close friends. 3. colloq. swarming, teeming. 4. colloq. great excitement, uproar, kaynaşmak 1. /la/ to fuse, join (with). 2. /la/ (for a color/a flavor) to blend (with), go well (with). 3. colloq. to become close friends. 4. colloq. to swarm, teem. 5. chem. to combine, kaynaştırma 1. fusion. 2. chem. combining, kaynaştırmak hi 1. to fuse, join together. 2. to cause (people) to become firm friends. 3. to combine (chemicals). 4. to make (a bone) knit.
kaynata (./.) father-in-law. kaynatalık (,/v) being a father-in-law. kaynatılma 1. being boiled. 2. being welded.
   3.     slang (of a lesson hour) being wasted. 4. slang being nicked, being stolen. 5. slang (of a debt) being left unpaid, kaynatılmak 1. to be boiled. 2. to be welded.
   3.     slang (for a lesson hour) to be wasted. 4. slang to be nicked, be stolen. 5. slang (for a debt) to be left unpaid, kaynatma hi 1. boiling. 2. welding. 3. slang wasting (a lesson hour) talking. 4. slang gabbing about. 5. slang nicking, stealing. 6. slang leaving (a debt) unpaid, kaynatmak 111 1. to boil. 2. to weld. 3. slang to waste (a lesson hour) talking. 4. slang to gab about. 5. slang to nick, steal. 6. slang to leave (a debt) unpaid, kaypak 1. slippery, slick. 2. unreliable, slippery, kaypakçı slang 1. thief; smuggler. 2. receiver of stolen goods, fence, kaypaklık 1. slipperiness. 2. unreliability, kaypamak 1. prov. to slide; to slip; to skid.
   2.     obs. to slip away, slip out. kayra grace, favor, benevolence, kindness, kayraci (a) providentialist. kayracılık providentialism. kayrak 1. ski area, ski slope. 2. skating rink. 3. prov. slate. 4. prov. flat round stone quoit.
 kayralmak                                       505
   5.    prov. earth on the verge of sliding down, kayralmak prov. (for a river) to create sandbars, kayran prov. glade, forest meadow, clearing in a forest.
kayrılma being shown favoritism, being given preferential treatment, kayrılmak to be shown favoritism, be given preferential treatment, kayser (Roman) caesar; (German) kaiser, kayşa geol. landslide, landslip, kayşama (of a large rock mass) breaking off and sliding down a mountainside, kayşamak (for a large rock mass) to break off and slide down a mountainside, kayşat, -ti fragment of rock (on a mountainside).
kaytak prov. 1. hidden, remote, secluded. 2. unreliable.
kaytan cotton/silk cord. — bıyıklı (s.o.) who has a thin, pointed mustache, kaytarıcı shirker, goldbricker. kaytarma 1. hi rejecting. 2. goldbricking, avoiding doing (work), kaytarmak 1. hi to reject. 2. to goldbrick, avoid doing (work), kayyım see kayyum.
kayyum 1. obs. caretaker of a mosque. 2. law administrator, trustee, kaz 1. zool. goose, Anser. 2. colloq. stupid; dumbbell. 3. slang boisterous person, rowdy.
   4. slang pimp, procurer. — adımı goose step.
   —-m ayağı öyle değil, colloq. (The goose’s foot is not like that.) It’s not like that at all./
   The truth of the matter is a different thing indeed. — ciğeri ezmesi pâte de foie gras.
   —  gelen yerden tavuk esirgenmez, proverb (You shouldn’t refuse to give a chicken to the place that gives you a goose.) You don’t hesitate to cater to the small demands of someone who can be very useful to you. — gibi colloq. 1. stupid. 2. stupidly. — kafalı colloq. dumb, stupid; gullible. — kazla, daz dazla, kel tavuk kel/topal horozla, proverb (A goose with a goose, a bald man with another bald man, a featherless hen with a featherless rooster.) Birds of a feather flock together. — ı koz anlamak colloq. to misunderstand completely. — palazı gosling, young goose.
*kaza {.—) 1. accident. 2. Islam late performance of an act of worship. — etmek hi to perform (a prayer/a fast) at a later time. — geçirmek to have an accident, for an accident to befall (s.o.). — geliyorum demez. proverb (No accident says, “Here I come!”) Accidents always happen when you’re not expecting them. — ile by accident. — kurşunu stray bullet. — olmak for an accident to happen/occur/take place. — ya rıza submission to one’s fate. —ya rıza gerek, proverb One has to accept one’s fate, sigortası accident insurance, casualty insurance. —ya uğramak to have an accident, for an accident
                                                                                     kazandırmak
   to befall (s.o.). — ve/vii kader destiny, fate, predestination. — yapmak (for the operator of a machine/a vehicle, for the rider/driver of an animal) to have an accident (for which he/she is to blame). — yaptırmak /a/ to cause (the operator of a machine/a vehicle, the rider/driver of an animal) to have an accident.
2kaza (.—) 1. subdivision of a province. 2. administration of justice; adjudication. — kuvveti judicial power, kazaen (.—'.) 1. by accident. 2. by chance. Kazak 1. (a) Kazakh, (a) Kazak. 2. Kazakh, pertaining to the Kazakh people or their language. 3. (a) Cossack. — çömelmesi squatting on one leg with the other stretched out in front as in a Cossack dance.
*kazak 1. (knitted) pullover, (pullover) sweater.
   2. bright shirt (worn by jockeys).
2kazak colloq. domineering (husband). Kazakça (./.) 1. Kazakh, Kazak, the Kazakh language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Kazakh, Kazakh. 3. Kazakh (speech/writing); spoken in Kazakh; written in Kazakh.
Kazakistan 1. Kazakhstan, Kazakstan. 2.
   Kazakhstan, of Kazakhstan.
’kazalı (.—.) 1. (place) where accidents frequently occur. 2. (s.t.) marked by an accident/ accidents, in which an accident/accidents occurred. 3. dangerous.
2kazali (.—.) (a province) that has (so many) administrative districts, kazamat, -ti casemate.
kazan 1. caldron, cauldron, large kettle. 2. boiler; furnace (containing a boiler). — dairesi boiler room; furnace room; stokehold. — kaldırmak 1. Ott. hist, (for the Janissaries) to overturn the caldrons (as a sign of mutiny). 2. colloq. to rebel; to mutiny. — ı kapalı kaynamak Iml colloq. to keep one’s affairs to o.s. — kaynamayan yerde maymun oynamaz, proverb (The monkey won’t dance where there is no pot boiling.) People won’t work without proper pay. ... — ... kepçe: İstanbul kazan ben kepçe. I have searched all over Istanbul. — mevcudu the number of soldiers for whom meals are prepared on a given day. kazancı 1. maker/repairer/seller of kettles/ boilers. 2. stoker, fireman, kazancılık 1. making/selling kettles/boilers. 2. stoking.
kazanç 1. gain; earnings; profit. 2. advantage, benefit. — vergisi profit tax. kazançbilim (./..) economics, kazançlı 1. profitable, lucrative. 2. with profit, having profited, kazançsal economic.
kazançsız 1. unprofitable, profitless. 2. with no profit. — eder net cost, kazandırma’ /ı, a/ causing (s.o.) to earn/gain/ win.
kazandırmak /i, a/ to cause (s.o.) to earn/gain/
kazandibi
506
kazma
   win.
kazandibi, -ni (./..) a milk pudding slightly burnt on the bottom, kazanılma being earned; being gained; being won.
kazanılmak to be earned; to be gained; to be won.
kazanılmış law acquired. — bağışıklık med. acquired immunity. — hak vested right/ interest.
kazanma /ı/ 1. earning. 2. winning. 3. getting, acquiring, gaining. 4. winning the approval and support of. kazanmak /ı/ 1. to earn. 2. to win. 3. to get, acquire, gain. 4. to win the approval and support of. Kazanırsan (sen) dost kazan, düşmanı anan da doğurur, proverb (If you want to win something, win friends; for your own mother can give birth to your enemy.) Try to win friends: enemies are all too easy to find. Kazanmayanın kazanı kaynamaz. proverb People who earn nothing have nothing to cook, kazara (.—'—) 1. by chance. 2. by accident, kazaratar excavator (machine); steam shovel, kazartaşır road grader, road scraper, kazaska (..'.) a lively Caucasian dance, kazachok, kazatsky. kazasker hist, a military judge; a high official in the Ottoman judiciary, kazayağı, -ni (/...) 1. bot. goosefoot, pigweed, Chenopodium. 2. naut. branching lanyard, three-ended rope. 3. light orange (color). 4. a basting cross-stitch, kazaz maker of silk thread, kazazede (.— ..) 1. someone who has been in an accident. 2. (s.o.) who has been in an accident, kazboku, -nu (/..) a dirty yellow, kazdırma /ı, a/ having (s.t.) dug. kazdırmak /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) dug. kazein casein. — tutkalı casein glue, kazevi, -ni (/..) a reed basket, kazı 1. excavating, excavation, digging; ar-chaeol. dig. 2. (act of) engraving. — kalemi burin, graver. — yapmak to dig, excavate.
   —      yeri excavation site, kazibilim (./..) archaeology, archeology, kazibilimci (./...) archaeologist, archeologist. kazibilimsel (./...) archaeological, archeological, kazıcı 1. excavator (person). 2. engraver (person).
kazık 1. stake, pale; pile. 2. slang trick, swindle.
   3.  slang unreasonably expensive, outrageously high. 4. wrestling putting one’s hand into one’s opponent’s pants. — atmak /a/ slang to cheat, swindle; to sell (s.o.) something at an outrageous price. — bağı clove hitch. — çit palisade, pale (fence). — gibi colloq. 1. like a bump on a log. 2. as stiff as a board/ a poker. — kadar colloq. (person) who’s grown up (but still behaves childishly). — kesilmek colloq. to become very rigid/stiff.
   —      kök bot. taproot. — marka slang outrageously expensive, —a oturtmak III hist. to impale (s.o.). — yemek slang to be swindled, be cheated. — yutmuş gibi colloq. looking as if he’d/she’d swallowed a poker, kazıkçı slang 1. (s.o.) who sells at outrageous prices; (s.o.) who swindles. 2. (store) where the prices are outrageously high. 3. person who sells at outrageous prices; swindler, kazıklama 1. Ill enclosing (land) with palings. 2. hi hist, impaling (s.o.). 3. hi slang swindling. 4. slang (of a taxi driver) killing time waiting for a fare, kazıklamak 1. hi to enclose (land) with palings.
   2.     hi hist, to impale (s.o.). 3. hi slang to swindle. 4. slang (for a taxi driver) to kill time waiting for a fare, kazıklanma 1. hist, (of a person) being impaled.
   2.     slang getting cheated, kazıklanmak 1. hist, (for s.o.) to be impaled.
   2. slang to get cheated.
                                                            kazıklı made of stakes/pales/piles; supported with stakes/piles, staked, kaziklihumma (../.—) path, tetanus; lockjaw, kazılı 1. dug up; excavated; spaded up. 2. engraved. 3. scraped, kazılma 1. being dug; being excavated; being spaded up; being trenched. 2. being engraved.
   3. being scraped.
                                                            kazılmak 1. to be dug; to be excavated; to be spaded up; to be trenched. 2. to be engraved.
   3.     to be scraped, kazım excavation.
                                                            kazıma 1. scraping. 2. engraving. 3. shaving.
   4. curetting, curettage.
kazımak III 1. to scrape; to scrape (s.t.) off. 2. to shave. 3. to engrave, incise. 4. slang to fast-talk (s.o.). 5. slang to take (s.o.’s) last penny, clean (s.o.) out. kazimik prov. the scrapings from the bottom of a pot.
                                                            kazınma 1. scraping o.s. 2. scratching o.s. hard.
   3.     giving o.s. a very close shave. 4. slang giving all the money one has on one. kazınmak 1. to scrape o.s. 2. to scratch o.s. hard. 3. to give o.s. a very close shave. 4. slang to give all the money one has on one. kazıntı 1. scrapings. 2. scraped-out place; mark resulting from scraping, kazıntılı (s.t.) that contains scrapings; (s.t.)
   that has scraped-out places in it. kazıtma /ı, a/ having (s.t.) scraped or scraped off.
kazıtmak /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) scraped or scraped off.
kazıyıcı road grader, kaziye obs., log. proposition, kazkanadı, -ni (/...) wrestling locking one’s hands behind the neck of one’s opponent. —na almak 111 to lock one’s hands behind the neck of (one’s opponent), kazma 1. pick, pickax; mattock. 2. dug; excavated; trenched. 3. engraved; incised. 4. dig-
 kazmacı
   ging; excavating, excavation. — gibi colloq. large and protruding (tooth). — kürek (pickax and shovel) digging tools. — resim engraving (picture). — yazı incised script, kazmacı mil. sapper, kazmaç excavator; steam shovel, kazmadiş (./.) colloq. bucktoothed (person), kazmak hi to dig; to excavate; to trench, kazdığı çukura kendisi düşmek colloq. to fall into one’s own trap. Kazma elin kuyusunu, kazarlar kuyunu. (Kazma kuyuyu kendin düşersin.) proverb Don’t dig a trap for others or others will dig a trap for you. kazmir 1. cassimere, kerseymere. 2. made of kerseymere, kazulet, -ti (.—.) colloq. huge, grotesque, kazurat, -ti (.—-.) obs. human feces.
KDV (abbr. for katma değer vergisi) VAT (value-added tax), kebabe (.—.) bot. cubeb, Piper cubeba. kebabiye (.— ..) slang cigarette butt, kebap 1. shish kebab; meat broiled/roasted in small pieces; any food roasted in small pieces. 2. roasted; broiled. — olmak to be roasted; to be broiled. — şişi 1. kebab skewer. 2. slang knife; dagger. — yapmak hi to roast; to broil, kebapçı maker/seller of kebap. — kedisi gibi yutkunmak colloq. to hope for something in vain.
kebapçılık making/selling shish kebab, kebe 1. a felt jacket. 2. embroidered felt. 3. felt piece used as a door/floor covering, kebere bot. caper, Capparis spinosa. kebir (.—) obs. 1. big; great. 2. old, elderly, kebze 1. prov. shoulder blade, scapula. 2. hist.
   scapulimancy, scapulomancy. kebzeci hist, soothsayer who foretold the future by examining sheep scapulae, keçe 1. felt; a feltlike material made from goat hair or wool. 2. made of felt. 3. a felt mat or floor covering. — gibi colloq. matted, tangled (hair), —den minare colloq. false, sham. — yi suya atmak colloq. to forget about morality, behave indecently. — yi/—sini sudan çıkarmak colloq. to eliminate the difficulties and get something going properly, keçeci maker/seller of felt, keçecilik making/selling felt, keçedelen prov. light rain, keçegeçiren prov., see keçedelen. keçel prov. bald, keçelenme see keçeleşme, keçelenmek see keçeleşmek, keçeleşme 1. (of hair/fibers) becoming matted.
   2.    (of skin) becoming callused and rough. 3. becoming numb, keçeleşmek 1. (for hair/fibers) to become matted. 2. (for skin) to become callused and rough. 3. to become numb, keçeleştirme III 1. making (s.t.) into felt. 2.
   causing (hair) to become matted, keçeleştirmek III 1. to make (s.t.) into felt. 2.
 507                                              keder
   to cause (hair) to become matted, keçeli covered with felt. — kalem felt-tipped pen.
 keçi 1. zool. goat, Capra hircus. 2. she-goat, nanny goat. 3. colloq. muleheaded, pigheaded. 4. slang passive male homosexual, faggot. 5. slang hashish. — ağızlı colloq. gluttonous. —ye can kaygısı, kasaba yağ kaygısı. proverb (While the goat is in terror for its life the butcher is anxious to sell its fat.) One person suffers, and someone else profits from his/her suffering. — çobanı goatherd. —de de sakal var. (Keçinin de sakalı var.) proverb (Goats have beards too.) A man may have a beard and still not merit respect.
    —  derisi goatskin; kid leather. — geberse de kuyruğunu indirmez, proverb (A goat does not lower its tail even when it dies.) A stubborn person remains stubborn, even in death. — inadı colloq. great stubbornness, —leri kaçırmak colloq. 1. to go crazy. 2. to go into a mad frenzy. — kafalı colloq. muleheaded, pigheaded, very stubborn. — kılı goat hair. — kurttan kurtulsa gergedan olur, proverb (If a goat is saved from the wolves, it may even become a rhinoceros.) Even an ordinary person can do surprising things if he/she can work in peace and security. — memesi prov. a variety of long grape. — nereye çıkarsa oğlağı da oraya çıkar, proverb (Where the nanny goat climbs, so does her kid.) Children imitate their parents. — sütü goat’s milk, —nin uyuzu, çeşmenin/pınarın gözünden su içer (içer suyunu). proverb (The mangiest goats drink at the cleanest end of the trough.) Worthless people deem themselves worthy of the best.
   —      yavrusu kid (of a goat), keçiboynuzu, -nu (./...^carob (bean), St. John’s
   bread. — ağacı bot. carob tree, locust, Cera-tonia siliqua. — gibi colloq. (s.t.) that requires much labor for a small return, keçileşmek colloq. to start acting like a mule, start acting muleheadedly. keçili slang, formerly hundred-lira note, keçilik colloq. mulishness, pigheadedness, keçimantarı, -m (./...) bot. meadow mushroom, field mushroom, agaric., Agaricus campestris. keçisağan zool. goatsucker, nightjar, Caprimul-gus europaeus. keçisakal (./..) colloq. (s.o.) who has a goatee, goateed.
keçisakalı, -ni (./...) I. colloq. goatee. 2. bot. a rockrose, Cistus creticus. 3. bot. goatsbeard, Spiraea aruncus. keçisedefi, -ni (./...) bot. goat’s-rue, Galega officinalis. keçitırnağı, -m (./...) vee chisel. k£çiyemişi, -ni (./...) bot. bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus.
keçiyolu, -nu (./..) rough path, goat trail, track, keder grief, sorrow. — vermek /a/ to grieve, cause (s.o.) great sadness.
kederlenme
508
kefil
kederlenme being grieved, feeling grief, grieving.
kederlenmek to be grieved, feel grief, grieve, kederli sorrowful, sorrowing, grieving, kedersiz free from grief, kedi zool. cat, Felis domestica. ye> “Bokun kimya,” demişler, üstünü örtmüş, proverb (When they told the cat that its dung was valuable, it covered it with dirt.) Malicious people will do anything they can to thwart others. —nin boynuna ciğer asılmaz. proverb (You don’t tie liver around a cat’s neck.) One should not entrust something to someone who’s sure to misuse/destroy it. — ciğere bakar gibi bakmak /a/ colloq. to gaze at covetously, —ye ciğer ısmarlamak (—ye ciğer emanet/teslim etmek) colloq. to entrust something to an untrustworthy person.
   —   gibi dört ayak üstüne düşmek colloq. (always) to land on one’s feet, come out on top. — nin gideceği samanlığa kadar, proverb (The cat will flee as far as the straw bin.) There are only a limited number of places that the perpetrator of a crime can flee to. — götünü görmüş, “Yaram var,” demiş. (Kedi kıçına bakar da, “Yaram var,” dermiş.) proverb (When the cat saw its own bottom it thought it was injured.) Some people make up trouble for themselves. — ile harara girmek colloq. to work with an irascible person. — ile köpek gibi colloq. like cats and dogs, —nin kabahatini önüne koyarlar, öyle döverler, proverb (They show a cat what it has done wrong, and then they punish it.) A person should know why he’s/ she’s being punished, —nin kanadı olsaydı serçenin adı kalmazdı, proverb (If cats had wings sparrows would become extinct.) If the desires of aggressive people weren’t frustrated by circumstances they would trample on everybody. — ne, budu ne? colloq. What else can you expect from the likes of such a miserable creature? — olalı bir fare tuttu. colloq. (Since he/she became a cat he/she has caught only one mouse.) In all this time he’s/ she’s only done one noteworthy thing, —ye peynir ısmarlamak (—ye peynir emanet/ teslim etmek) colloq., see kediye ciğer ısmarlamak. —yi sıkıştırırsan üstüne atılır. proverb (If you comer a cat it will attack you.) If a weak person is made desperate he/ she will attack, —nin usluluğu sıçan görünceye kadar, proverb (A cat’s good manners last until it sees a mouse.) A tiger may look like a pussycat. — uzanamadığı ciğere pis/ murdar der/dermiş, proverb (The cat could not reach the liver, so it said it was dirty.) He/She criticizes it only because it’s something he/she knows he/she can’t get himself/ herself. —, yavrusunu yerken sıçana benzetir. proverb (When the cat eats her kitten she likens it to a mouse.) One can always find a pretext for an evil action. — yetişe-
   mediği ciğere pis/murdar der/dermiş, proverb, see Kedi uzanamadığı ciğere pis/murdar der/dermiş, kediayağı, -m (./...) bot. cat’s foot, Antennaria dioica.
kediayası, -m (./...) bot. lesser celandine, pile-wort, Ranunculus ficaria. kedibalı, -m (./..) gum (oozing from apricot/ plum/cherry trees), kedibalığı, -m (./...) zool. 1. a ray/a skate, Raja.
   2.    rabbitfish, Chimaera monstrosa. 3. a cat shark, Scyliorhinus. kedibastı putting dabs of glue on a surface, kedidili, -ni (..'..) a ladyfinger-shaped cooky, kedigiller zool. Felidae. kedigözü, -nü (./..) 1. taillight, tail lamp. 2.
   cat’s-eye (gemstone). kedinanesi, -ni (./ — ..) bot. catnip, Nepeta cataria.
kediotu, -nu (./..) bot. valerian, Valeriana officinalis.
kefaf (.—) obs., see kifaf. kefal, -li 1. zool. striped mullet, gray mullet, Mugil cephalus. 2. slang a barely passing grade. 3. slang cigarette butt. — tutmak slang to get a grade that pulls one’s average up to passing, kefalet, -ti (.—.) law guaranteeing, bonding suretyship; going bail for. —le salıvermek !\t to release (s.o.) on bail, kefaletname (.— .— .) law (written) guaranty, bond, surety bond; bail bond, kefaret, -ti (.—.) act of atonement as laid down in Islamic law and usually involving a payment of money, —ini ödemek Iml to suffer the consequences of (one’s actions).
*kefe pan (of a balance).
2kefe haircloth glove used for grooming horses, kefeki 1. travertine, calcsinter. 2. tartar (on teeth). 3. incrustation left inside a cooking pot by a liquid, —ye dönmek colloq. to become riddled with holes, kefeleme /i/ grooming (a horse) with a haircloth glove.
kefelemek /ı/ to groom (a horse) with a haircloth glove.
kefen shroud, winding sheet. — alacak adam yüzünden belli olur, proverb (You can tell that the customer wants a shroud just by looking at his face.) You can often tell from a person’s behavior what he is thinking of doing. — i yırtmak colloq. to get through the crisis of an illness safely, pass the danger point safely, kefenci 1. shroud maker; shroud seller. 2. grave robber.
kefenleme /ı/ shrouding (a corpse), kefenlemek /i/ to shroud (a corpse), kefenli shrouded, wrapped in a shroud, kefenlik (material) suitable for a shroud, kefere 1. non-Muslims. 2. unbelievers, atheists, kefil guarantor, surety; bondsman. — olmak /a/ to act as guarantor (for), stand surety
kefillik                                           509
   (for); to go bond (for), kefillik suretyship, acting as guarantor, kefir kefir, kephir. kefiye kaffiyeh. kefne sailmaker’s palm, palm, kehanet, -ti (.—.) soothsaying, prediction. —te bulunmak to make a prediction.
Kehkeşan obs. the Milky Way. kehle obs. louse, kehlibar see kehribar.
kehribar amber. — balı clear yellow honey.
   —       sarısı amber yellow, kehribarcı maker/seller of amber objects, kek, -ki loaf cake; pound cake.
kekâ (/—) colloq. This is the life!/Ah, this is great!
kekâh (/—) colloq., see kekâ. keke prov., see kekeme, kekeleme 1. stammering; stuttering. 2. hemming and hawing, speaking falteringly. kekelemek 1. to stammer; to stutter. 2. to hem and haw, speak falteringly. kekelik prov., see kekemelik, kekeme (s.o.) who stammers/stutters, kekemeleşme developing a stammer/a stutter, kekemeleşmek to develop a stammer/a stutter, kekemelik stammer; stutter, kekez slang passive male homosexual, fag. kekik bot. thyme, Thymus vulgaris. kekikli seasoned with thyme, kekikyağı, -m (./..) oil of thyme, keklik zool. partridge, Perdix perdix. kekre astringent (taste), kekrelik astringency, having an astringent taste.
kekremsi 1. somewhat astringent (in taste). 2.
   sour-faced, sour-looking. kekremsilik 1. mild astringency, having a mildly astringent taste. 2. being sour-faced, kekresi somewhat astringent (in taste), kel 1. bald. 2. path, favus, ringworm (especially on the scalp). 3. bald spot. 4. bare, denuded (of leaves/vegetation). —i açılmak colloq., see keli görünmek, —in ayıbını takke örter. proverb (You can hide your bald spot with a skullcap.) If a person is rich and influential he/she can get away with anything.
   —   başa şimşir tarak, colloq. (A boxwood comb for a bald head.) In these circumstances this expensive thing is completely out of place. —i görünmek colloq. for a fault in s.o. to become evident, —in ilacı olsa başına sürer. (Kel ilaç bilse kendi başına sürer.) proverb (If a bald person had a remedy for his baldness he would have used it.) You shouldn’t seek help from someone who has the same problem you do. — kâhya colloq. person who’s good at nothing but interfering. — i kızmak colloq. (for a calm person) to lose his temper. — i körü toplamak colloq. to assemble a band of incompetents. —den köseye yardım, colloq. It’s a case of the blind leading the blind. — ölür,
                                                                                                 kelime
                                                             sırma saçlı olur; kör ölür badem gözlü
   olur, proverb (The bald man dies, and they speak of his blond hair; the blind man dies, and they remember his almond-shaped eyes.) What was ugly or worthless seems beautiful or valuable once it has been lost. — yanında kabak amlmaz. proverb (One does not refer to pumpkins in the presence of a bald person.) One shouldn’t allude to a person’s faults when he is within earshot, kelam 1. utterance, remark. 2. Islamic theology.
   3.    the Koran, kelamci Islamic theologian.
Kelamıkadim (.—'..—) the Koran, kelamıkibar (.—'...) obs. well-known remark
   (of a famous person), kelaynak (/..) zool. bald ibis, kele prov. steer, bullock, kelebek 1. butterfly; moth. 2. distomatosis, liver rot (in sheep and cattle). 3. fluke (a parasite).
   4. butterfly nut, wing nut. 5. butterfly valve.
   6. damper (in a flue). 7. window catch. — cam butterfly window. — gözlük pince-nez.
   —  kravat bow tie. — kulacı butterfly stroke.
   —     somun butterfly nut, wing nut. kelebekotu, -nu (../..) bot. black medic, hop
   clover, nonesuch, Medicago lupulina. kelek 1. unripe melon. 2. underdeveloped, poorly developed (ear of grain, fruit). 3. hairless.
   4.    kelek (raft made of planks secured to inflated skins). 5. colloq. stupid. 6. colloq. fool, dunderhead. — e bağlamak /i/ slang to make a mess of (s.t. that’s been going well), kelem prov. cabbage, kelep prov. large skein of thread, kelepçe (./.) 1. handcuffs. 2. pipe collar. — tak-mak/vurmak /a/ to handcuff, kelepçeleme (./...) /ı/ handcuffing, kelepçelemek (./...) hi to handcuff, kelepçelenme (./...) being handcuffed, kelepçelenmek (./...) to be handcuffed, kelepçeli (./..) handcuffed, kelepir colloq. 1. a bargain, a steal, a very good buy. 2. very cheap, dirt-cheap, kelepirci 1. bargain hunter. 2. (person) who’s always looking for bargains, kelepser checkrein, bearing rein.
’keler 1. zool. lizard. 2. lizard skin.
2keler 1. zool., see kelerbalığı. 2. sharkskin, shagreen (used as an abrasive), kelerbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. angelfish, monkfish, Squatina squatina. kelerler zool. Sauria.
                             keleş 1. colloq. stupid, wooden-headed. 2. colloq. bald. 3. prov. beautiful; handsome, keleşlik 1. colloq. stupidity. 2. colloq. baldness.
   3.    prov. beauty, comeliness, kelime word. — arası print, spacing. — be-kelime see kelime kelime. — hâzinesi vocabulary. — işlem comp, word processing.
   —  işlemci comp, word processor. — karışıklığı paraphasia. — kelime word by word, —si kelimesine word for word. — oyunu a
kelle
510
kemikleşme
                                                            play on words, pun. — i şahadet the Islamic confession of faith; — i şahadet getirmek to confess one’s belief in God by reciting the kelimei şahadet, kelle 1. derogatory head. 2. boiled sheep’s head.
   3. head (of cabbage). 4. ear/head (of grain).
   5.    cake/ball (of cheese). 6. formerly cone (of sugar). — götürür gibi colloq. with unnecessary haste, —sini koltuğuna almak colloq. to take one’s life in one’s hands. — koşturmak colloq. to hurry unnecessarily. — kulak yerinde colloq. strapping, big and robust (man). — peyniri a sheep’s milk cheese. — sağ olsun da külah bulunur (eksik olmaz). proverb (As long as it’s a living head it will find a hat.) Just stay alive, and you’ll eventually find a job somewhere. — şekeri formerly sugar sold in cones, —sini uçurmak Iml colloq. to cut (s.o.’s) head off. — yi vermek /a/ colloq. to give one’s life (for), kelli /dan/ prov. seeing that, since, kellifelli (./..) colloq. (middle-aged/elderly man) who is dignified and dressed to the nines, kellik 1. baldness. 2. path, ringworm, favus. 3.
   land devoid of vegetation.
Keloğlan (/..) a plucky, intelligent youth who is the hero of many Turkish folk tales, keloğlan (.'..) affectionate name for a poor orphan boy. kelpe prov. wooden stake used in a vineyard. Kelt 1. (a) Celt, (a) Kelt. 2. Celtic, Keltic. Keltçe (/.) 1. Celtic, Keltic, the Celtic language.
   2. (speaking/writing) in Celtic, Celtic, Keltic.
   3. Celtic, Keltic (speech/writing); spoken in Celtic; written in Celtic.
kem 1. bad, evil, malicious. 2. bad, deficient in weight (coin). — göz see kemgöz. — söz, kalp/kem akçe sahibinindir, proverb (A bad remark and a bad penny belong to whoever makes them.) An evil or unkind act eventually backfires on its doer, kemal, -li 1. perfection. 2. maturity; ripeness.
   3. the highest price something can fetch.
   —e ermek/gelmek 1. to reach perfection.
   2, to reach maturity.
Kemalist 1. (a) Kemalist, an adherent of Kemalism. 2. Kemalist, of or relating to Kemalism.
Kemalizm Kemalism (a political doctrine developed in Turkey in the 1930’s and named after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk), keman 1. violin. 2. archery bow. — gibi colloq. thin and arched (eyebrows). — yayı violin bow.
kemancı 1. violinist. 2. violin-maker. kemancılık 1. being a violinist. 2. being a violin-maker. kemane (.—.) 1. violin bow. 2. bow used to rotate a spindle (in a drill or small lathe). — çekmek greased wrestling to press on the breast/stomach of the opponent with one’s locked hands, kemani (.— —) violinist (who plays Turkish
    music).
kemankeş obs. bowman, archer, keme prov. 1. zool. rat (rodent). 2. bot. truffle, Tuber.
kemençe (./.) kemancha, small violin played like a cello, kemençeci (./..) 1. kemancha player. 2. kemancha seller.
kement 1. lasso. 2. greased noose (used for hanging criminals), kementlemek hi slang to swindle, kemer 1. belt. 2. waist (of a garment). 3. money belt. 4. arch. arch. 5. aqueduct. 6. anat. arch.
    7.     Roman (nose), somewhat aquiline (nose), —ler arcade. — altı cloister, covered passage with archways on one side. — bağlama ceremony of fastening a silver/a gold belt round the waist of one’s new daughter-in-law. — burun Roman nose. — ini/—leri sıkmak colloq. to tighten one’s belt, practice thrift, kemere naut. deck beam, kemerlemek III to round the spine of (a book) (in binding), kemerli 1. arch, arched. 2. Roman (nose). 3.
    belted, furnished with a belt, kemerlik belt having holes/pockets to hold tools, implements, or drinking glasses, kemerpatlicani, -ni (./....) a long, thin eggplant, kemgöz (/.) the evil eye. kemik 1. bone. 2. osseous. — anagözesi anat. osteoblast. — atmak /a/ 1. to throw a bone (to a dog). 2. to throw (s.o.) a sop, appease (s.o.) (used disparagingly). — çıkıntısı anat. process of a bone, projection. — dışzarı anat. periosteum. — erimesi path, osteolysis.
    —  gibi colloq. 1. as hard as a bone; very sound/tough. 2. bone-dry. — gövdesi anat. diaphysis. — gübresi bone meal. — iliği yangısı path, osteomyelitis. — iltihabı path. osteitis, —ine/—lerine kadar işlemek to penetrate right to one’s bones. — lerini kırmak Iml colloq. to give (s.o.) a good thrashing, beat (s.o.) up. — kömürü animal charcoal, boneblack. — külü bone ash. — levhacığı anat. osseous lamella. — oluşumu osteogenesis. — pensi bone nippers, —leri sayılmak colloq. to look like a scarecrow, be too thin. — testeresi bone saw. — törpüsü surgeon’s rasp, raspatory. — ucu anat. epiphysis, end of a long bone. — unu bone meal.
    —  uru path, exostosis. — veremi path, tuberculosis of the bones. — yağı bone oil, Dippel’s oil. — yalayıcı colloq. toady, sycophant, bootlicker. — yangısı path., see kemik iltihabı. — yapan osteoplastic, osteoblastic. — yumuşaması path, osteomalacia.
    —  zarı anat. periosteum. — zarı iltihabı/ yangısı path, periostitis.
kemikbaşı, -m (./..) anat. apophysis, kemikbilim (./..) osteology, kemikçik anat. ossicle, kemikdoku (./..) anat. bone tissue, kemikleşme ossification.
kemikleşmek
511
kendi
kemikleşmek to ossify.
kemikli 1. with bones. 2. bony; big-boned. — balıklar zool. Teleostei. kemiksi anat. osteoid. — doku anat. osteoid, uncalcified bone matrix, kemiksiz 1. boneless, without bones. 2. double -jointed, kemircik cartilage.
kemirdek prov. tail bones, the bones of a tail, kemirgen 1. rodent. 2. (a) rodent. — öldürücü ilaçlar rodenticides. kemirgenler zool. Rodentia. kemirici 1. (animal) that gnaws, rodent. 2. corrosive.
kemiriciler zool. Rodentia. kemirilme 1. being gnawed. 2. being corroded, kemirilmek 1. to be gnawed. 2. to be corroded, kemirme III 1. gnawing. 2. corroding, kemirmek hi 1. to gnaw. 2. to corrode, kemiyet, -ti obs. quantity, kem küm (/ .) colloq. hemming and hawing, groping for words. — etmek to hem and haw, grope for words, kemlik evil; ill will; malicious act. kemoterapi chemotherapy, kemre prov. 1. dung, manure. 2. scab (over a wound). — tutmak (for a wound) to form a scab.
kenar 1. edge; brink; margin; border; hem. 2. isolated (place). 3. isolated spot, place away from it all. — baskısı hem (of a garment or cloth covering). — boşluğu margin, —a çekilmek to withdraw from the struggle; to forsake the hustle and bustle. — çekmek /a/ to hem, border, edge, —a çekmek III 1. to take (s.o.) aside, take (s.o.) to one side. 2. to pull (a vehicle) over to one side (of the road); to pull over, —in dilberi colloq. pretty but unrefined girl. — m dilberi nazik de olsa nazenin olmaz, proverb An essentially unrefined girl can’t become a real lady, —da kalmak colloq. to be forgotten about, —da köşede colloq. in forgotten nooks and crannies. — mahalle poor neighborhood on the outskirts of a city. — taşı curbstone, Brit, kerbstone.
   —  yazısı 1. marginal note. 2. legend (on a coin).
kenarcı fisherman who stays close to the shore, kenarlı 1. with an edge/a border/a margin. 2.
    with a decorated border, kenarlık 1. edging, border. 2. balustrade, railing, kenarortay (./..) geom. median (of a triangle), kenarsuyu, -nu (..'..) border, edging, kendi 1. self, oneself. 2. own. 3. he; she. 4. in person, —leri 1. themselves. 2. he; she.
   —m myself, —minki mine, —miz ourselves. —si 1. herself; himself. 2. he; she.
   —ni ağır satmak colloq. to agree to something only after repeated requests. — ağzıyla tutulmak colloq. to be proved a liar by one’s own words. — ni alamamak /dan/ colloq. not to be able to refrain from, be unable to stop o.s. from. — âleminde olmak colloq.
to keep to o.s.; to live in a world of one’s own. — ni alıştırmak /a/ to make o.s. get used to. — ni ateşe atmak colloq. to court trouble. — ni atmak /a/ colloq. to go immediately to, rush to (a place). — ne bağlamak hi colloq. to captivate. — başına 1. of one’s own accord. 2. without anyone’s help, single-handedly. — ni beğenmek to be conceited, —ini beğenmiş conceited, arrogant. —ni bırakmak colloq. to neglect o.s., let o.s. go. — ni bilen/bilir colloq. upright and honorable (person). — ni bilmek colloq.
1.   to be in one’s right mind. 2. to comport
0.s. properly. 3. (for a person) to have grown up, have reached maturity. — ni bir şey sanmak colloq. to give o.s. airs, think one is something. — ni (bir yerde) bulmak to find that one has arrived at (a place). — ni bulmak to develop a personality of one’s own.
—    çalıp kendi oynuyor, colloq. (He/She makes the music and then dances to it himself/herself.) He/She makes a big fuss about something; but when people want to help him/her he/she spurns their aid. — çapında colloq. according to his/her own standards, according to his/her own way of thinking. —ne çeki düzen vermek colloq. 1. to tidy o.s. up. 2. to put one’s life and affairs in order. — çıkarı için for his/her own benefit. —ni dar atmak /a/ colloq. to manage to reach (a place) in the nick of time. — derdine düşmek colloq. to be completely taken up with one’s own troubles. —ni dev aynasında görmek colloq. to overrate o.s. vastly. — ni dinlemek colloq. to be a hypochondriac. —ni dirhem dirhem satmak colloq. to make a great show of reluctance. — düşen ağlamaz, proverb (He/She who falls by himself/herself does not cry.) If you get yourself into trouble then you’ve no right to complain. — eliyle colloq. himself/herself, with his/her own hand. — ne etmek colloq. to harm o.s. — ni fasulye gibi nimetten saymak colloq. to overrate o.s. vastly. — nden geçme psych, trance, —nden geçmek colloq.
1.   to be transported by joy, be ecstatic. 2. to faint. —ne gel! colloq. 1. Come to your senses! 2. Pull yourself together! — gelen that comes one’s way by chance. —ne gelmek colloq. 1. to regain consciousness, come to. 2. to pull o.s. together, regain one’s self -control. — göbeğini kendi kesmek colloq. to do it all on one’s own, do it without getting help from anybody. — ni göstermek colloq. to prove one’s worth. — gözündeki merteği görmez, elin gözündeki çöpü görür. colloq. He/She doesn’t see the beam in his/her own eye, but he/she sees the mote in the eye of another person. —ne güvenme self-confidence, self-reliance. — halinde colloq. 1. quiet and inoffensive, innocuous (person). 2. simple-minded. — haline bırakmak hi colloq. 1. to leave (s.o.) to his/her own
kendibeslek
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kentleştirmek
   devices. 2. to let (a thing) take care of itself.
   —  havasına gitmek (— havasında olmak) colloq. to do what strikes one’s fancy. — ni hissettirmek colloq. to make one’s/its presence felt. — ni iyice vermek /a/ colloq. to concentrate (on). —ni kapıp koyuvermek colloq. 1. to cease to take an interest in o.s., let o.s. go. 2. /a/ to lose o.s. in (a project).
   —ni kaptırmak /a/ colloq. 1. to let o.s. get carried away (by). 2. to become wholly absorbed in. —ni kaybetmek colloq. 1. to lose consciousness. 2. to go into a towering rage.
   —  kendine 1. on one’s own responsibility; of one’s own accord. 2. alone, by oneself, without help. 3. to oneself. 4. theat. as an aside. — kendine gelin güvey olmak colloq. to envision a project as a fait accompli without considering whether others will give it their support. — kendini yemek colloq. to eat one’s heart out, worry o.s. to death. — kendine yeterli self-reliant and self-suf-ficient. — ne kıymak colloq. to commit suicide. — kuyusunu kendi kazmak colloq. to dig one’s own grave, be the cause of one’s own downfall. — nden küçükten kız al, kendinden büyüğe kız ver. proverb Marry your son to the daughter of someone less important than yourself, but marry your daughter to the son of someone more important than yourself, —si muhtacı himmet bir dede. (Nerde kaldı geriye himmet ede.) colloq. You can’t expect any help from him since he’s in need of help himself. —ni naza çekmek colloq. to make a great show of reluctance. — nde olmamak colloq. not to know what one’s doing, be (temporarily) out of one’s senses. —nden pay/paha biçmek colloq. to make an estimate based on one’s own experience; to think about (a problem) as if it were one’s own. — payıma for my part, as for me. — ne sahip olmamak colloq. to be unable to control o.s. — söyler, kendi dinler, colloq. He/She mumbles incoherently to himself/herself. — ne ... süsü vermek colloq. to pretend to be, act like. — ni tartmak colloq. to weigh o.s. up, look at o.s. critically.
   —ni toparlamak/toplamak colloq. to put one’s life and affairs in order again. — ni tutmak colloq. to maintain one’s self-control.
   —ni vermek /a/ colloq. to devote o.s. wholeheartedly to. — yağıyla kavrulmak colloq. to get by on one’s own means, manage without any help from others, —nden yana yontmak hi colloq., see kendine yontmak, —ne yedirememek /ı/ colloq. 1. to be unable to stomach, be unable to let (an insult) go unrequited. 2. to be unable to let o.s. stoop to doing (a base action). — ni yemek colloq. to eat one’s heart out, worry o.s. to death.
   —ne yontmak hi colloq. to work (s.t.) to one’s own advantage without considering others.
kendibeslek (./..) biol. autotrophic, holophytic.
kendibiter (./..) bot. wild, self-sown, volunteer (plant).
kendiliğinden 1. of one’s own accord. 2. automatically, spontaneously. 3. by oneself. — türeme/üreme biol. parthenogenesis, kendiliğindenlik phil. spontaneity, kendilik phil. entity.
kendince (./.) 1. in his/her opinion. 2. personal, subjective, kendincelik subjectivity, kendir 1. hemp. 2. bot. hemp plant, marijuana, Cannabis sativa. 3. prov. rope, hawser. — bezi hemp cloth. — lifi hemp fiber. — tohumu hempseed. — yağı hempseed oil. kendirci producer/grower of hemp, kendircilik being a producer/a grower of hemp, kendirgiller bot. Cannabaceae. kendisince (../.) in his/her opinion, kene zool. tick; any of various blood-sucking insects resembling ticks. — gibi yapışmak /a/ colloq. (for an annoying person) not to give (one) a minute’s peace. — humması path, tick fever, kenef vulg. 1. toilet, Brit. bog. 2. filthy. 3. ugly.
   —     sazlığı/süpürgesi slang wispy mustache, kenegöz colloq. (person) with small eyes, small
   -eyed, keneler zool. Acar'ına.
keneotu, -nu (./..) bot. castor-oil plant, Ricinus communis.
                             kenet metal clamp, cramp iron. — mili rivet (for sheet metal). — taşı arch, keystone, kenetleme hi 1. clamping. 2. clasping (one’s hands) together firmly. 3. locking (one’s jaws).
kenetlemek 111 1. to clamp. 2. to clasp (one’s hands) together firmly. 3. to lock (one’s jaws).
kenetlenme 1. being clamped in place. 2. (of one’s hands) being firmly clasped together.
   3.    (of one’s jaws) being locked, kenetlenmek 1. to be clamped in place. 2. (for one’s hands) to be firmly clasped together.
   3.    (for one’s jaws) to be locked, kenetli 1. clamped together; closely united. 2. firmly clasped together. 3. furnished with clamps.
kenevir bot. hemp plant, marijuana, Cannabis sativa.
kenevircilik being a producer/a grower of hemp, kengel bot. cardoon, Cynara cardunculus. kengelsakizi, t-m (./...) gum made from the juice of the cardoon (used as chewing gum), kenger bot., see kengel. kengersakizi, -ni (./...) see kengelsakizi. kent, -ti city. — planlaması urban planning.
   —     toplumbilimi urban sociology, kental, -li weight of one hundred kilos, quintal, kentbilim (/..) 1. urbanology. 2. city planning, kentilyon quintillion.
kentleşme urbanization (of an area), kentleşmek to become urbanized, kentleştirmek III to urbanize.
kentli
 513
kerpeten
kentli 1. (person) living in a city. 2. city-dweller. kentlileşmek (for s.o.) to become urbanized, kentsel urban.
kentsoylu (/..) bourgeois. — sınıfı bourgeoisie, kentsoyluluk (/...) being bourgeois.
Kenya (/.) 1. Kenya. 2. Kenyan, of Kenya. Kenyali (/..) 1. (a) Kenyan. 2. Kenyan (person), kep, -pi 1. cap. 2. mortarboard. 3. nurse’s cap. kepaze (.—.) 1. ridiculous and contemptible. 2. disgraceful. — etmek /i/ to disgrace. — olmak to become a laughingstock, kepazelik (.— ..) disgraceful thing; disgraceful behavior/act. kepbastı double-netted fishing weir, kepçe 1. ladle. 2. (fisherman’s) dip net, scoop net. 3. butterfly net. 4. naut. buttock, kulakları — gibi olmak colloq. (for s.o.) to be flap-eared, kepçekulak (./..) colloq. 1. flap-eared. 2. ear that stands well out from the head, kepçekuyruk (./..) slang sponger, kepçeleme hi volleyball hitting back (a low ball) with both hands, kepçelemek III volleyball to hit back (a low ball) with both hands, kepçeli furnished with a ladle, kepçesurat, -ti (./..) colloq. (s.o.) who has a small face.
kepek 1. bran. 2. dandruff, scurf. — ekmeği whole-wheat bread. — unu whole-wheat flour.
kepekçe path, pityriasis, kepekçi seller of bran.
kepeklenme 1. becoming scurfy. 2. (of an apple) getting dry and tasteless, kepeklenmek 1. to become scurfy. 2. (for an apple) to get dry and tasteless, kepekli 1. mixed with bran; containing bran, branny. 2. scurfy, covered with scurf. 3. dry and tasteless (apple).
’kepenek (shepherd’s) felt cloak. — altında er yatar, proverb The simple cloak conceals a great man.
2kepenek prov., zool. wheat moth, flour moth, kepenk, -gi (metal) rolling shutter, roll-down shutter (used to secure shop-fronts), —leri indirmek colloq. to close up shop, kepez 1. rock on a seashore. 2. headdress for a bride; bridal veil. 3. crest (of a bird), kepir prov. dry, unproductive land/soil, kepmek prov. to collapse, fall down, kerahet, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. loathing, repugnance. 2. doing something under duress. — etmek/ getirmek /dan/ to loathe. — vakti colloq. time to begin one’s evening drinking, keramet, -ti (.—.) 1. miracle worked by God through a person. 2. the God-given power of working miracles. — te bulundunuz, see Keramet buyurdunuz, —te bulunmak to work miracles. — buyurdunuz. What wonderful things you say! — göstermek see keramette bulunmak, —i kendinden bilmek colloq. to take the credit for something with-
    out acknowledging the help others gave one.
    —      sahibi miracle worker, kerametli (.—..) 1. sanctified and able to work miracles. 2. generous, keramik 1. ceramic. 2. a ceramic object, kerata 1. colloq. son of a gun, devil. 2. vulg.
    cuckold. 3. shoehorn, keratit, -ti path, keratitis, keratoz path, keratosis.
Kerbela (..—) Karbala (city in Iraq containing an Islamic shrine). — gibi colloq. waterless (place).
kere 1. time: bir kere once. 2. times: İki kere iki dört eder. Two times two makes four, kerecik diminutive form of kere: bir — just once, only just once, kerem obs. kindness, beneficence. — buyurun. Please ./I beg you. — sahibi generous, munificent, magnanimous, kerempe rocky promontory (on a coast), keres prov. big, deep cooking pot. kereste (./.) 1. lumber, Brit, (dressed) timber.
    2. slang crude, unrefined, uncouth (person), keresteci (..'..) lumber merchant, kerestecilik (./...) being a lumber merchant, keresteli (./..) colloq. strapping (man), kerestelik (./..) suitable for making into lumber, kerevet, -ti 1. cot-like wooden bedstead. 2. cin. dolly.
kerevides (../.) zool., see kerevit, kerevit, -ti zool. crayfish, crawfish, Astacus fluviatilis.
kereviz 1. bot. celeriac, celery root, Apium graveolens rapaceum. 2. slang dunce, blockhead.
kerez slang food/drink offered a guest, kerhane (.—.) colloq. brothel, cathouse. kerhaneci (.—..) 1. colloq. brothel keeper. 2.
    vulg. son of a bitch, bastard, kerhen (/.) 1. reluctantly, unwillingly. 2. with aversion, with repugnance, kerih obs. disgusting, detestable, abominable, kerim obs. kind, generous, munificent, gracious, kerime (.—.) obs. daughter, keriz 1. sewer, drain. 2. slang gambling. 3. slang easily cheated at gambling. 4. slang noisy party, carousal. — e bayılmak hi slang to lose (money) gambling. —e etmek slang to cheat at gambling. — e kesilmek slang to lose money gambling, kerizci slang 1. musician. 2. gambler who cheats; cardsharp, kerizleme slang playing an instrument, kerizlemek slang to play an instrument, kerkenez 1. zool. kestrel, Falco tinnunculus.
    2. slang fool, simpleton, dope, kerki prov. large ax. kerliferli (./..) colloq., see kellifelli. kermen castle, fortress.
kermes 1. bazaar, Brit, fete (held to raise money). 2. festival (annually celebrated in a small town).
kerpeten 1. pincers; nippers; pliers. 2. dentist’s
kerpiç
514
 kesik
    forceps.
kerpiç 1. sun-dried brick, mud brick, adobe. 2. made of sun-dried bricks. — gibi colloq. very hard and dry. kerpiççi maker of sun-dried bricks, kerrake (.—.) formerly a light wool cloak, kerrat, -ti obs. times. — cetveli multiplication table, times table, kertan slang risky, dangerous (situation), 'kerte notch, incised mark.
2kerte 1. rhumb (of a mariner’s compass). 2. degree, point, state, —sine getirmek hi colloq. to find the best time for doing (s.t.).
    —     kerte slowly, by degrees, kerteleme gradualness, kerteli gradual.
kertenkele (./..) zool. lizard, Lacerta. kertenkeleler (./...) zool. Lacertilia. kerteriz naut. bearing. — almak to take a bearing. — noktası point where a bearing is taken.
kerti 1. see 'kerte. 2. prov. stale, not fresh, old;
    aged (meat), kertik 1. notch, score, tally. 2. notched, tallied, —ine koymak hI to join (two wooden beams) by scarfing them, scarf, kertikleme hi notching, kertiklemek /ı/ to notch, kertikli notched, kertilme being notched, kertilmek to be notched, kertme 1. notching, tallying. 2. (a) scrape; (a) cut place.
kertmek h! 1. to notch. 2. to scrape, rub against, kervan caravan, —a katılmak colloq. to join in with the rest, kervanbaşı, -ni (./..) leader of a caravan, kervancı organizer/leader of a caravan, kervançulluğu, -nu (./...) zool. curlew, Nume-nius arquatus.
Kervankıran astr. Venus, kervansaray caravansary, caravanserai, inn with a large courtyard.
Kervanyıldızı, -m (./...) astr. Venus.
'kes straw too coarse for fodder.
2kes basketball shoe, (high-topped) sneaker, kesafet, -ti (.—.) density, thickness, kesat 1. stagnant, slack (market). 2. slackness (in trade). 3. scarcity (of a crop), kesatlık 1. slackness, stagnation (in business).
    2.    time of scarcity, kesbetmek (/..) hi 1. to acquire, take on, assume (a quality). 2. to get, obtain.
'kese 1. bath glove made of coarse cloth (used in a Turkish bath for rubbing the skin). 2. small cloth bag; moneybag, purse. 3. (one’s) financial resources. 4. marsupium, pouch (of a female marsupial). 5. anat. sac, cyst, bursa, —nin ağzını açmak colloq. to begin to spend money freely, —sine (hiç) bir şey girmemek colloq. not to benefit at all. —ye danış, pazarlığa sonra giriş, proverb (Consult your purse; then start bargaining.) Know
   how much money you have before you start bargaining, —nin dibi görünmek colloq. to run out of money, —sine güvenmek colloq. to know that one can afford to buy something. — ödyolu anat. cystic duct. — sürmek /a/ to rub (s.o.) with a kese. — yangısı path, bursitis.
2kese prov. short-cut. — yol shortcut. — yoldan gitmek to take a shortcut, kesecik anat. saccule, keseciksi anat. aciniform. kesedar I. formerly steward in a wealthy household. 2. person who acts as a treasurer for a gang of porters, kesek 1. clod, lump of earth. 2. lump of dried manure used as fuel, kesekâğıdı, -m (./...) paper bag. keselek path. cyst.
keseleme /ı/ rubbing (s.o.) with a kese, keselemek hi to rub (s.o.) with a kese, keselenme 1. rubbing o.s. with a kese. 2. getting rubbed with a kese, keselenmek 1. to rub o.s. with a kese. 2. to get rubbed with a kese, keseletme /ı, a/ having (s.o.) rub (one’s body) with a kese, keseletmek /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) rub (one’s body) with a kese, keseli 1. furnished with a cloth bag/purse. 2.
   zool. marsupial, having a pouch, keseliayi (../..) zool. koala, koala bear, Phas-colarctos cinereus. keselikurbağa (../...) zool. marsupial frog, Nototrema.
keselikurt (../.) 1. embryonic tapeworm. 2. zool. thylacine, Tasmanian wolf, zebra wolf, Tasmanian tiger, Thylacinus cynocephalus. keseliler zool. Marsupialia. kesemantarlar (./...) bot. Ascomycetes. kesen intersecting line.
                                                         kesene prov. 1. agreement, contract. 2. lump job. kesenek 1. deduction, sum of money deducted from a salary. 2. purchase of the right to the income from something. 3. hist, tax farming.
   —e almak hi to purchase the right to collect the income of (s.t.). kesenekçi hist, tax farmer, kesenkes (./.) prov. 1. very definitely, most certainly; very clearly, unequivocally, in no uncertain terms. 2. by no means, in no way, no way, absolutely not. keser adz, adze.
kesici 1. cutting, incisory. 2. cutter (agent/instrument). 3. butcher, kesicidiş (../.) anat. incisor, kesif dense, thick.
kesik 1. cut (through/off). 2. (gas/electricity/ water) that has been cut off. 3. geom. truncated. 4. curdled, sour. 5. skim milk curds.
   6. (newspaper/magazine) clipping. 7. (a) cut, cut place. 8. broken off, interrupted. 9. slang bad (situation). — kesik 1. gaspingly; in sporadic outbursts. 2. sporadic and truncated.
 kesikli                                               515
    —   nefes spasmodic breathing. — sözcük short form of a word.
kesikli discontinuous, intermittent, kesiklik 1. being cut/broken. 2. fatigue, lassitude.
kesiksiz 1. uninterrupted, continuous. 2. continuously.
kesilme 1. being cut, cutting. 2. being stopped, stoppage; interruption. 3. being exhausted, exhaustion. 4. souring, kesilmek 1. to be cut. 2. to be clipped; to be sheared. 3. to be exhausted, be tired out. 4. suddenly to turn into, suddenly to become.
    5.  to curdle, sour. 6. to stop, die down. 7.
    (for water/gas/electricity) to be cut off, stop flowing. 8. /dan/ colloq. to lose (appetite/ strength). 9. to stop, end; to be interrupted.
    10. colloq. suddenly to start to act like. 11.
    /a/ slang to like, be pleased by, be attracted to. 12. h! slang to spend (money) gambling. Kesilen baş (bir daha) yerine konmaz. proverb (Once a head is cut off it can’t be put back on.) What’s done is done, kesim 1. cutting. 2. slaughter, slaughtering; butchering. 3. section, sector; region. 4. comp, segment. 5. med. section. 6. period (of time). 7. tailor, cut, make, kesim-ayinm biol. dissection, kesimci hist, tax farmer, kesimevi, -ni (./..) slaughterhouse, kesimleme segmentation, kesimlemek hi to section, segment, kesimlik 1. (animal) fit/ready for slaughter. 2.
    (tree/timber) fit/ready to be cut. kesin 1. definite; absolute, categorical; final, irrevocable. 2. decisive, firm (statement). — bir biçimde see kesin olarak. — eder/fiyat fixed price. — olarak very definitely, most certainly; very clearly, unequivocally, in no uncertain terms, kesinleşme 1. becoming definite/final. 2. acquiring a decisive quality, kesinleşmek 1. to become definite/final. 2. (for s.t.) to acquire a decisive quality, kesinleştirme hi making (s.t.) definite/final, kesinleştirmek hi to make (s.t.) definite/final, kesinlik 1. definiteness; absoluteness; finality, irrevocability. 2. decisiveness, firmness, kesinlikle (../.) 1. very definitely, most certainly; very clearly, unequivocally, in no uncertain terms. 2. by no means, in no way, no way, absolutely not. kesinsizlik indefiniteness, vagueness, kesinti 1. cutoff piece. 2. interruption. 3. deduction (from a payment), —ye almak hi colloq. to make fun of (s.o.) behind his/her back, kesintili 1. marked by interruptions. 2. minus/ less deductions. 3. net (after deductions), kesintisiz 1. continuous, uninterrupted. 2. before deductions. 3. gross (before deductions). — güç kaynağı uninterruptable power supply.
    —      ulusal gelir gross national product, kesir, -sri 1. math, fraction. 2. med. fracture.
                                                                                               kesmek
kesirli math, fractional. — sayı fractional number.
kesişen geom. intersecting, (lines) that intersect, kesişme 1. intersecting, crossing. 2. coming to an agreement on the price of something. 3. slang (of a man and a woman) exchanging amorous glances, kesişmek 1. to intersect, cross. 2. to come to an agreement on the price of something. 3. slang (for a man and a woman) to exchange amorous glances, kesit, -ti cross section.
keski 1. cutting implement. 2. hatchet. 3. cold chisel. — kalemi cold chisel, keskin 1. sharp. 2. pungent. 3. keen, acute. 4. severe. 5. slang sodomite, bugger, buggerer.
    —  akıl keramete kıç attırır, proverb, see Keskin zekâ keramete kıç attırır. — gözlü eagle-eyed, keen of vision. — nişancı sharpshooter, a dead shot. — nişancılık sharp-shooting. — sirke kabına/küpüne zarar/zarardır. proverb (Sour vinegar harms its own jar.) A bad temper harms its possessor most. — viraj sharp/hairpin curve. — zekâ keramete kıç attırır, proverb A very clever person can almost work miracles. — zekâlı incisively intelligent, very clever.
keskinleşme getting sharp, keskinleşmek to get sharp, keskinleştirme hi sharpening, keskinleştirmek hi to sharpen, keskinletme hi see keskinleştirme, keskinletmek hi see keskinleştirmek, keskinlik 1. sharpness, keenness. 2. pungency.
    3.    slang buggery, kesme 1. cutting. 2. tin snips. 3. sector of a circle. 4. cin., TV cut, change of scenes. 5. cut, faceted. 6. cube-shaped. 7. fixed (price).
    —  almak slang to pinch someone’s cheek.
    —  işareti gram, apostrophe. — kaya mass of shaly/sandy rock. — makarna vermicelli.
    —  taş hewn stone, ashlar.
kesmece 1. (melon bought) on condition that it is cut open for examination. 2. for a lump sum. 3. (selling each one) at the same price, kesmek 1. hi to cut, cut in two, cut off; to cut down (a tree). 2. hi to slice, cut up. 3. hi to cut, wound by cutting. 4. hi to butcher, slaughter. 5. hi to interrupt; to put an end to, stop. 6. hi colloq. to decide on, determine.
    7. hi to deduct. 8. hi to turn off, stop the flow of (electricity/gas/water). 9. hi colloq. to coin, issue (money). 10. hi to cut (cards). 1 IT hi colloq. to take away, get rid of (pain/ fever/thirst). 12. Ill colloq. to impede, hinder; to block. 13. slang to shut up, cut the cackle. 14. hi slang to cheat, swindle. 15. slang to shoot the bull, talk aimlessly, kesip atmak colloq. 1. to make hasty decisions. 2. hi to settle (s.t.) quickly and finally, kesip attığı tırnak olamamak /m/ colloq. (for s.o.) to be nothing compared to (s.o. else). Kesmez bıçak ele (yavuz), iş bilmeyen avrat
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   dile (yavuz), proverb, see Kör bıçak ele (yavuz), iş bilmeyen avrat dile (yavuz), kesip biçmek colloq. to bluster, make idle threats. Kes parmağını çık pazara, em/ merhem/ilaç buyuran çok olur, proverb (Cut your finger and then go into the market; everybody will offer you a different medicine.) When you need help each person you talk to will suggest a different remedy for your problem, kesmelik quarry (which produces ashlar), kesmeşeker (./..) lump sugar, cube sugar, kesmik 1. chaff. 2. curds, kesre the vowel point in Arabic script indicating a short i or i. kesret, -ti obs. abundance, kestane (.—.) 1. chestnut. 2. bot. chestnut tree, Castanea. 3. chestnut-colored. — dorusu chestnut bay. — kabuğundan çıkmış da kabuğunu beğenmemiş, colloq. (The chestnut emerged from its shell and did not like the look of it.) He’s/She’s ashamed of his/her background. — karası a strong north wind that blows around September 28th. — kebabı roast chestnuts. — suyu gibi colloq. very weak (coffee). — şekeri marron glace, candied chestnut; marrons glaces, candied chestnuts, kestaneci (.—..) chestnut seller, kestanecik (.— ..) 1. anat. prostate gland. 2.
   chestnut (on a horse’s leg), kestanefişeği, -ni (.—/...) firecracker, kestanekabağı, -ni (.— /...) bot. pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo. kestanekargasi, -m (.— /...) zool. jay, Garrulus glandarius. kestanelik (.—..) chestnut grove, kestanepalamudu, -nu (.—/....) a small bonito. kestere tragacanth (gum), kestirilme 1. being cut. 2. being estimated, being predicted, kestirilmek 1. to be cut. 2. to be estimated, be predicted.
kestirim forecasting, forecast, prediction, kestirme 1. /ı, a/ having (s:o.) cut (s.t.). 2. estimate. 3. colloq. short cut. 4. colloq. direct, concise. 5. colloq. dozing off, taking a cat nap. — cevap colloq. short and decisive answer, —den gitmek colloq. to take a short cut. — yol colloq. short cut. kestirmece conjectural.
kestirmek 1. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) cut (s.t.). 2. I\l to estimate, predict. 3. colloq. to doze off, take a cat nap. 4. hi to curdle, kestirip atmak colloq. 1. to make hasty decisions. 2. hi to settle (s.t.) quickly and finally, keş 1. dry curd; skim-milk cheese, skim cheese.
   2.  slang stupid, idiotic. 3. slang fool, simpleton, dope. 4. slang heroin/hashish addict.
   —      etmek hi slang to shame, humiliate, keşen prov. 1. halter chain. 2. hobble chain, keşfedilme (/...) (of s.t. new) being discovered; (of a secret) being found out.
keşfedilmek (/...) (for s.t. new) to be discovered; (for a secret) to be found out. keşfetme (.'..) hi discovering (s.t. new); finding out (a secret), keşfetmek (/..) hi to discover (s.t. new); to find out (a secret), keşide (.—.) 1. lottery drawing. 2. drawing (an order/a bill of exchange). 3. formerly sending (a telegram), keşideci (.— ..) 1 .fin. drawer. 2.formerly sender (of a telegram), keşif, -şfî 1. discovery, exploration. 2. investigation. 3. finding out (secret details). 4. mil. reconnoitering, reconnaissance. — birliği mil. reconnaissance unit. — kolu mil. reconnaissance patrol. — uçağı mil. reconnaissance plane, keşik turn (of duty); shift, keşikleme alternation of duty; working in shifts, keşikleşmek to work in shifts; to do a duty by turns, keşiş monk.
keşişhane (..— .) monastery, keşişleme 1. the southeasterly wind that blows from Keşiş Dağı (the Bithynian Mt. Olympus) towards Istanbul. 2. any southeasterly wind. 3. the sçutheast (point on the compass), keşişlik 1. monasticism. 2. monastery, keşke (/.) 1. used to reinforce the past conditional tense: Keşke gitseydi. If only he’d gone! 2. Ah, if only ...! keşkek a dish made of pounded meat and wheat, keşkekaleyhisselam (./......) slang fool, simple-
   ton, dope, keşki (/.) see keşke.
keşkül 1. a milk pudding containing coconut.
   2. formerly beggar’s bowl (often made of a coconut shell).
                                                            keşkülüfukara (./...—) a milk pudding containing coconut, keşlemek /a/ slang to take no notice of, ignore, keşmekeş great confusion; great disorder. — içinde in great disorder; in great confusion, keşmir see kaşmir.
keşsavak slang naive but eager when it comes to chasing women, keşşaf formerly 1. military scout. 2. discoverer. *ket, -ti obstacle. — vurmak /a/ to block; impede, hinder.
2ket, -ti starch.
ketal, -li prov. starched and glazed cloth, ketçap ketchup, catchup, catsup, keten 1. linen. 2. bot. flax, Linum. — tarağı hatchel.
                                                            ketenci 1. linen weaver. 2. seller of linen cloth, ketencik 1. bot. eelgrass, Zoster a marina. 2. bot. false flax, gold-of-pleasure, Camelina sativa.
   3. cameline oil, dodder oil, German sesame
   oil.
ketencilik 1. linen weaving. 2. the linen trade, ketengiller bot. Linaceae. ketenhelva (./..) cotton candy, ketenhelvacı (./...) maker/seller of cotton candy,.
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517
kıç
ketenhelvası, -m (./...) see ketenhelva. ketenkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. linnet, Carduelis cannabina.
ketentohumu, -nu (./...) flaxseed, linseed. — lapası flaxseed poultice. — yağı linseed oil. kethüda (..—) hist, chief steward, majordomo. keton chem. ketone.
ketum (person) who won’t divulge a secret, tightlipped, ketumiyet, -ti (.— ..) see ketulnluk. ketumluk keeping silent about something, reticence, keven bot., see geven.
kevgir 1. skimmer, perforated ladle. 2. colander. Kevser name of a river in Paradise. — gibi colloq. nectarous (drink), keyfetme (/..) having fun, enjoying o.s. keyfetmek (/..) to have fun, enjoy o.s. keyfî (.—) 1. arbitrary. 2. discretionary, keyfiyet, -ti 1. state of affairs, situation. 2.
   matter, affair. 3. condition, nature, keyif, -yfi 1. pleasure in life, feeling of well -being; delight, joy. 2. mood, humor, state of mind. 3. pleasure, merriment, amusement.
   4. high,.kef, dreamy and languorous state.
   5. psych, euphoria. 6. slang hashish, —ine bakmak colloq. to enjoy o.s., attend to one’s pleasures. — benim, köy Mehmet Ağa’nm. colloq. (It’s my pleasure, and the village belongs to Mehmet Aga.) It’s my concern; and I don’t want anyone interfering, no matter who he is. — i bilmek colloq. to do as one pleases, —ini bilmek colloq. to know what one likes, —ini bozmak Iml colloq. to spoil (s.o.’s) good mood, get (s.o.) down. — i bozuk. colloq. He’s/She’s feeling low./He’s/ She’s feeling a bit depressed. —i bozulmak colloq. to become depressed, get down in the dumps. — im böyle istiyor, colloq. I just feel like doing it; that’s all. — çatmak colloq. to enjoy o.s., have a good time, —ini çıkarmak Iml colloq. to get all the pleasure one can out of (s.t.), enjoy (s.t.) to the hilt, —inden dört köşe olmak colloq. to be very pleased about something. — i düzelmek colloq., see keyfi yerine gelmek, —i gelmek colloq. to get into a happy mood, —ine gitmek colloq. 1. /kendi/ to do as one pleases. 2. Iml to do as (another) likes, —ine göre colloq. as one pleases. — hali tipsiness. — halinde tipsy, slightly drunk, —ine hizmet etmek Iml colloq. to pander to (s.o.’s) desires.*— için for pleasure, for fun. —in iyi mi? colloq. Are you in a good mood? — i iyi olmak to feel well, —ini kaçırmak /in/ colloq. to spoil (s.o.’s) good mood, get (s.o.) down. —i kaçmak colloq. to get in a bad humor, become depressed/annoyed/irritated. —imin kâhyası mısın? colloq. What’s it to you?/lt’s none of your business, —iniz nasıl? colloq. How are you? — i olmamak colloq.
   1. not to feel well, to be indisposed. 2. not to be in the mood, not to feel like it. — i
   oluncaya kadar colloq. until he/she wishes or is willing to. — sormak colloq. to ask someone how he’s/she’s feeling. — sürmek colloq. to live in a pleasant, carefree way; to live the good life. — vermek /a/ to make (s.o.) tipsy. —i yerinde colloq. 1. in good spirits, in fine fettle, up. 2. in good health.
    —i yerine gelmek colloq. to regain one’s good humor. —i yok. colloq. He’s/She’s feeling low./He’s/She’s feeling a bit depressed, keyiflendirme hi getting (s.o.) into a good mood.
keyiflendirmek hi to get (s.o.) into a good mood.
keyiflenme 1. becoming merry. 2. getting tipsy, keyiflenmek 1. to become merry. 2. to get tipsy, keyifli 1. merry, in good spirits, in fine fettle, up. 2. tipsy.
keyifsiz 1. unhappy, in low spirits, down. 2.
    (s.o.) who feels unwell, keyifsizlenme losing one’s feeling of happiness, ceasing to be in good spirits, keyifsizlenmek to lose one’s feeling of happiness, cease to be in good spirits, keyifsizlik 1. being in low spirits, feeling down.
    2. feeling unwell, keylus see kilüs. keymus see kimüs.
                                                           kez time: bu kez this time, üç kez three times, keza (/—) 1. ditto, the same. 2. likewise, ditto.
    —     ve keza and so forth, kezalik (.—'.) see keza, kezzap nitric acid, aquafortis, kg. (abbr. for kilogram) kg. (kilogram). kHz. (abbr. for kilohertz) kHz. (kilohertz), kıble 1. the direction of Mecca (to which a Muslim turns in worship), qibla, qiblah, kibla, kiblah. 2. south. 3. south wind, —ye dönmek to turn toward Mecca. — keşişleme south -southeast wind. — lodos south-southwest wind. — rüzgârı/yeli south wind, kıblenüma (...—) compass used to determine the direction of Mecca.
Kıbrıs (/.) 1. Cyprus. 2. Cypriot, Cypriote, of Cyprus.
Kibnsli (/..) 1. (a) Cypriot, (a) Cypriote. 2.
                                                           Cypriot, Cypriote (person), kıç, -çı 1. buttocks, bottom, butt, behind, rump. 2. naut. stern, poop. 3. prov. leg; foot. 4. hind, back, —a naut. astern, abaft, aft. — atmak /a/ 1. to lash out with both hind feet.
   2. slang (for a supposedly inferior person) to give (s.o.) a slap in the face. — attırmak /a/ slang to be better than, be superior to. —tan bacaklı vulg. short-legged (person), —ına bakarak (—ma baka baka) colloq. empty-handed, with nothing to show for one’s efforts. — ma batmak colloq. to leave a comfortable place, give up an easy life. — güverte naut. quarterdeck, —mı kaldırmamak colloq. not to budge, —tan kara naut. moored by the stern. — kasarası naut. poop deck. — mm kılı ağarmak vulg. to get old.
 kıçın kıçın                                    518
   —mm kıllarıyla balık yakalamak vulg. to be a lucky son of a gun. —ma kına yaksın. vulg. So 'let the son of a bitch gloat (oyer our misfortune). —ı kink slang trifling, piddling, trivial. — ma tekmeyi atmak/vurmak Iml vulg. to boot (s.o.) out, give (s.o.) the boot. — üstü oturmak colloq. 1. to fall smack on one’s rear end. 2. to sit twiddling one’s thumbs (having decided to give up a struggle), —mı yırtmak vulg. 1. to strain every muscle, work as hard as one can. 2. to scream and shout, rant and rave, kıçın kıçın (./ ..) colloq. backwards, rearward; astern.
kıdem 1. seniority, precedence because of length of service. 2. length of service, kıdemli (s.o.) who has worked for an institution a long time, who has seniority, kıdemlilik having seniority, kıdemsiz (s.o.) who does not have seniority, kıdemsizlik lack of seniority, kığ prov. sheep/goat/camel turds, kığı prov., see kığ. kığılamak prov., see kığlamak. kığlamak prov. (for a sheep/a goat/a camel) to crap.
                                                         kıh 1. child's language dirty. 2. prov. sheep/goat/ camel droppings. 3. prov. feces, kıkırdak 1. anat. cartilage. 2. crackling; cracklings (used in cooking). — kemiği anat. cartilage bone. — örtüsü anat. perichondrium.
   —  poğaçası a savory pastry prepared with cracklings. — zan anat., see kıkırdak örtüsü.
                                                         kıkırdakdoku (../..) anat. cartilaginous tissue, kıkırdaklı cartilaginous. — balıklar zool.
   Elasmobranchii. kıkırdama 1. giggling. 2. (of a person) freezing, being very cold. 3. slang dying, croaking, kicking the bucket, kıkırdamak 1. to giggle. 2. (for s.o.) to freeze, be very cold. 3. slang to die, croak, kick the bucket.
kıkırdatma hi making (s.o.) giggle, kıkırdatmak III to make (s.o.) giggle, kıkır kıkır (./ ..) used in: — gülmek to giggle, kıkırtı giggle.
                                                         kıl 1. a (human) hair (especially one not of the scalp); an animal hair; bristle. 2. goat hair.
   3. (made of) goat hair. 4. (made of) bristle.
   5. slang (s.o.) one cannot stand, (s.o.) who makes one sick. 6. slang someone one cannot stand, someone who makes one sick. — mi bile kıpırdatmamak/oynatmamak colloq> not to turn a hair, not to bat an eyelash, to appear completely unmoved. — çadır haircloth tent. — çekmek slang to flatter, soft -soap. — çuval haircloth sack. — ına dokunmamak Iml colloq. not to touch a hair of (s.o.’s) head, not to injure/offend (s.o.) in any way. — dökülümü alopecia. — fırça 1. brush (made of bristle). 2. brush made of one hair (used by a miniaturist). — folikülü
                                                                                                  kılçıklı
   anat., see kıl keseciği. — gibi fine as a hair.
   —ma hata gelmemek colloq. not to receive so much as a scratch, not to be injured at all. — kadar colloq. just the tiniest bit of, a very small amount of. — (kadar) kalmak /a/ colloq. to come within an inch (of): Kil kaldı boğulacaktı. He very nearly drowned.
   —  kalem brush made of one hair (used by a miniaturist). — keseciği anat. hair follicle, —i kıpırdamamak colloq. not to turn a hair, to appear completely unmoved. — ı kırk yaran colloq. overly meticulous. — ı kırk yarmak colloq. to split hairs, —dan nem kapmak colloq. to take offense at the slightest things. — olmak /a/ slang to be unable to stomach (s.o.). — payı colloq. 1. hairbreadth, infinitesimal. 2. by the skin of one’s teeth, narrowly. — payı kalmak /a/ colloq. to come within an inch of. — şaşmadan colloq. painstakingly, without leaving an i undotted.
   —  testere fretsaw, scroll saw.
kılağı burr, rough edge (on a metal blade), kılağılama hi burring, removing the burr from, kılağılamak hi to burr, remove the burr from, kılağılı (blade) from which the burr has been removed, sharp, keen, kılağısız (blade) from which the burr has not been removed, kılaptan gilded/silvered wire thread; silvered cotton thread, kılaptana maker/seller of gilded/silvered thread, kilaptanli worked/trimmed with gilded/silvered thread.
kılavuz 1. guide. 2. naut. pilot. 3. go-between, matchmaker. 4. tap (for cutting internal screw threads). — u karga olanın burnu boktan kalkmaz/kurtulmaz/çıkmaz. proverb (He/ She who takes a crow for his/her guide will never have his/her nose far from dung.) If you fall under the influence of a bad person, you’ll always be getting into trouble. — ücreti naut. pilotage, pilotage fee. kılavuzluk 1. guidance, giving help; being a guide. 2. advice, guidance. 3. naut. piloting; being a pilot. — etmek /a/ to guide. — ücreti pilotage, kilbarak pony.
kilbaz slang toady, sycophant, kilbiti, -ni (/..) zool. pubic louse, crab louse, Phthirus pubis. kilburun (/..) narrow point of land (extending into the sea), kılcal 1. biol., phys. capillary (action). 2. very fine, very thin. — damar anat. (a) capillary, kılcallık biol., phys. capillarity. — olayı capillary action.
kilcan prov. horsehair net (for catching birds), kılçık 1. fishbone. 2. awn. 3. string (of a string bean). — atmak /a/ slang to throw a monkey wrench into (s.o.’s) affairs, —mı çıkarmak /m/ 1. to bone (a fish). 2. to string (beans), kılçıklı 1. bony (fish). 2. awned, awny. 3. string (beans). 4. colloq. involved, complicated.
 kılçıksız
kılçıksız 1. boneless (fish). 2. awnless. 3. string-less (bean). — buğday bot. spelt, speltz, Trit-icum spelta. kıldırma /ı, a/ having (s.t.) performed (by), having (s.o.) perform (s.t.). kıldırmak /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) performed (by), have (s.o.) perform (s.t.). kılgı application, carrying out, putting into practice, kılgılı applied.
kılgın practical, capable of being put into practice, kılgısal applied, kılıbık henpecked (husband), kılıbıklaşma becoming henpecked, kılıbıklaşmak to become henpecked, kılıbıklık submission to one’s wife, being henpecked, kılıcına edgewise, on edge, kılıç 1. sword; saber. 2. swordfish. 3. colter (of 'a plow). — alayı Ott. hist, a state ceremony which involved a sultan’s going to the Eyüp mosque to be girded with the sword of sovereignty. —mı arşa asmak colloq. to deserve to be praised for a great victory. — artığı hist, those of the conquered whose lives were spared. — askısı baldric. — bağı sword belt.
   —      çekmek to draw one’s sword. — darbesi sword blow, —tan geçirmek /ı/ to put (people) to the sword, —tan geçmek to be put to the sword. — hakkı olarak by right of conquest. — kabzası sword hilt. — kalkan oyunu a Turkish folk dance performed with a shield and a sword. — kını scabbard. — kınını kesmez, proverb (A sword does not cut its scabbard.) Even a cruel person does not hurt those he/she loves. — ı kınına koymak colloq. to cease fighting. — kuşanmak to gird o.s. with a sword. — oynatmak /da/ colloq. to rule over (a place). — pabucu tip of a scabbard. — siperi/siperliği large hilt guard. — vurmak to wield a sword, kılıçbacak (./..) bandy-legged, bow-legged, kılıçbalığı, -m (./...) zool. swordfish, Xiphias gladius. kılıççı maker/seller of swords, kılıçgagalı (./...) zool. avocet, Recurvirostra avocetta.
kılıçhane (..— .) formerly smithy where swords are made.
kılıçkırlangıcı, -m (./....) zool. swift, Apus apus.
kılıçkırlangıçları, -m (./.....) zool. Apodidae.
kılıçkuyruk (./..) zool. swordtail (an aquarium * fish), Xiphophorus. kılıçlama 1. edgewise, (set) on edge. 2. slung over the shoulder and across the chest, kılıçlı (s.o.) who is wearing a sword, kılıçoyunu, -nu (./...) sports fencing, kılıf 1. case, cover. 2. holster. 3. anat., zool.
   tunic. 4. biol. sheath, kiliflama /i/ putting (s.t.) in a case/a cover, kiliflamak /i/ to put (s.t.) in a case/a cover, kılıflı furnished with a case/a cover/a holster/a
519                                kmaçiçeğigiller
   tunic/a sheath, kılık 1. (outward) appearance (of s.o.). 2. form, shape. — değiştirmek to alter one’s appearance completely. — kıyafet (outward) appearance (of s.o.). — kıyafet düşkünü colloq. (s.o.) whose appearance is shabby/unprepossessing. — kıyafeti düzmek colloq. to renew one’s wardrobe, fit o.s. out with new clothes. — kıyafet, köpeklere ziyafet, colloq. He/She looks like something the cat brought in. kılıklandırma III imagining, kılıklandırmak hi to imagine, kılıklı 1. (s.o.) who looks like ...: memur kılıklı bir adam a man who looks like a bureaucrat. dilenci kılıklı dressed like a beggar. 2. prov. beautiful, handsome. — kıyafetli colloq. (s.o.) who has a prepossessing appearance.
kılıksız (s.o.) whose appearance is shabby/unprepossessing, kılıksızlık shabby/unprepossessing appearance, kılınma being done; being performed; being made.
kılınmak to be done, be performed; to be made, kılkıran path, alopecia.
kılkuyruk 1. colloq. shabby and penniless. 2.
   zool. pintail, Anas acuta. killanma becoming hairy, kıllanmak 1. to become hairy. 2. (for a youth’s) mustache/beard to begin to sprout, kıllı hairy; bristly. — bebek colloq. grown mas who behaves childishly, big baby, kılmak 1. hi to render, make: mümkün kılmak.
   2. to perform: namaz kılmak, kılsız hairless; bristleless. kim slang Shut up! kımıl zool. stinkbug, shield bug. kımıldama slight movement, stirring, budging, kımıldamak to move slightly, stir, budge, kımıldanma see kımıldama, kımıldanmak see kımıldamak, kımıldatma hi moving (s.t.) slightly, kımıldatmak hi to move (s.t.) slightly, kımıl kımıl (./ ..) (moving) continuously, unceasingly.
kımıltı 1. slight movement. 2. facial gesture, kımız kumiss, koumiss.
km 1. sheath, scabbard. 2. bot. ocrea, stipule, —mdan çıkarmak hi to unsheathe. — ma koymak hi to sheathe, kina 1. henna. 2. bot. henna, Egyptian privet, Jamaica mignonette, Lawsonia inermiş. — gibi very fine (powder). — yakmak/koymak/sürmek/vurmak /a/ to henna, —lar yakmak colloq. to gloat, rejoice (over another’s misfortune), kınacık wheat rust (caused by the fungus Puc-cinia graminis). kmaçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. touch-me-not, balsam, garden balsam, balsamine, Impatiens bal-samina.
kmaçiçeğigiller (./...) bot. Balsaminaceae.
kınagecesi                                         520
kmagecesi, -ni (./...) party for a bride-to-be during which she and the other guests henna their fingers, kınakına 1. bot. cinchona, Cinchona. 2. cinchona, cinchona bark, Peruvian bark. — kabuğu cinchona, cinchona bark, Peruvian bark, kınalamak /ı/ to henna, kınalanmak to be hennaed, kınalı 1. hennaed. 2. henna-colored, kmalikeklik (../..) zool. rock partridge, Greek partridge, Alec tor is graeca. kmaliyapmcak (../...) a reddish colored grape, kınama condemnation, censure. — cezası (a) reprimand, kınamak hi to condemn, censure, kinamsik faultfinding, censorious, kmamsima hi finding fault with, criticizing, kmamsimak hi to find fault with, criticize, kınanma being condemned, being censured, kınanmak to be condemned, be censured, kındıraç 1. groover (tool). 2. tap, threader, kmkanat (/..) zool. elytron, wing cover, wing case.
kınkanatlı (/...) zool. coleopterous, kınkanatlılar (/....) zool. Coleoptera. kınlama hi sheathing (a sword), kınlamak hi to sheathe (a sword), kmnap string, twine, packthread.
Kıpçak 1. (a) Kipchak. 2. Kipchak, of or pertaining to the Kipchak people or their language.
Kıpçakça (./.) 1. Kipchak, the Kipchak language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Kipchak, Kipchak. 3. Kipchak (speech/writing); spoken in Kipchak; written in Kipchak. kıpı an instant.
kıpık colloq. partly closed (eyes). — gözlü (s.o.)
    whose eyes are partly closed, kıpıklık ptosis.
kıpırdak lively, active (person), kıpırdama stirring, moving slightly, kıpırdamak to stir, move slightly, kıpırdanma see kıpırdama, kıpırdanmak see kıpırdamak, kıpırdaşma (of a group of people) stirring, moving slightly, kıpırdaşmak (for a group of people) to stir, move slightly, kıpırdatma hi stirring, budging, kıpırdatmak hi to stir, budge, kıpır kıpır (./ ..) 1. (moving) constantly. 2.
    lively, active (person), kıpırtı slight movement, stirring, kıpıştırma hi blinking (one’s eyes), kıpıştırmak hi to blink (one’s eyes), kıpkırmızı (/...) very red; carmine; crimson, kıpkızıl (/..) kıpkırmızı, kıpma 1. blink; wink. 2. instant, split second, kıpmak hi to wink (an eye); to blink (one’s eyes).
Kıpti (.—) 1. (a) Copt. 2. Coptic, of or pertaining to the Copts or their language. 3. colloq.
    (a) Gypsy. 4. colloq. Gypsy, of or pertaining
                                                                                    kırbaçlanmak
   to the Gypsies or their language.
                                                         Kiptice (.—.) 1. Coptic, the Coptic language.
   2. Coptic, in Coptic. 3. colloq. Romany, the Romany language. 4. colloq. Romany, in Romany.
'kır 1. countryside, the country, rural area. 2. uncultivated and open country. — çiçeği wild flower. — gerillası guerrilla. — gezisi country outing; walk in the country. — kahvesi unpretentious country teahouse. — koşusu cross-country race. — serdarı formerly chief of a rural police force.
2kir gray. — atın yunmda duran ya huyundan, ya suyundan/tüyünden, proverb (One who associates with a gray horse picks up its habits.) One picks up the habits of whomever one associates with. — düşmek /a/ to get gray hairs in (one’s hair/beard), kıraat, -ti 1. reading. 2. reading the Koran aloud (in a prescribed way). — etmek hi 1. to read.
   2. to recite (the Koran) (in a prescribed way).
   —     kitabı formerly elementary reader, primer, kıraathane (...— .) 1. cafe (usually serving only
   coffee, tea, or soft drinks). 2. formerly cafe having a collection of newspapers and magazines for its customers, kıraç 1. waste, sterile, unproductive (land). 2.
   arid (land), kıraça (./.) zool. a small saurel. kıraçlık 1. being waste/sterile/unproductive. 2. aridity, aridness (of land). 3. wasteland; arid land.
kırağı frost, hoarfrost. — çalmak hi for frost to damage (a plant). — düşmek/yağmak for it to frost, kırağılı frost-covered, frosty, kirak prov. edge, border, side; bank; shore, 'kıran murrain (affecting animals); pestilence.
   —  girmek /a/ 1. for a murrain/a pestilence to decimate. 2. (for s.t. formerly in abundant supply) to become unobtainable.
2kıran prov. 1. edge; bank; shore. 2. upper part of a mountain/a ridge, kıranta (./.) colloq. 1. graying, middle-aged man. 2. graying (hair/beard), kırat, -ti 1. carat. 2. colloq. quality, value, character.
kıratlık of (a specified number of) carats, kıravatlı slang a name for “Kulüp” raki. kırba 1. waterskin. 2. path, any disease which swells a child’s belly. — olmak for the belly (of a child) to swell up. kırbacı maker/seller of waterskins, kırbacık anat. utricle, utriculus. kırbaç whip. — ı şaklatmak to crack a whip.
   —  vurmak /a/ to whip, flog. — yemek to be whipped, be flogged.
kirbaçkurdu, -nu (./..) zool. whipworm, Trich-uris trichiura. kırbaçlama l\l whipping, flogging, kırbaçlamak h! to whip, flog, kırbaçlanma being whipped, being flogged, kırbaçlanmak to be whipped, be flogged.
 kırbaykuşu                                       521
kırbaykuşu, -nu (/...) zool., see bataklıkbay-kuşu.
kırcın murrain (affecting animals).-kırç heavy frost.
kırçıl sprinkled with gray, graying (hair/beard), kırçıllanma see kırçıllaşma, kırçıllanmak see kırçıllaşmak, kırçıllaşma becoming sprinkled with gray, kırçıllaşmak to become sprinkled with gray, kırçoz slang 1. graying man. 2. graying (man), kırçozlaşma slang (of a man) graying, going gray, becoming gray, kırçozlaşmak slang (for a man) to gray, go gray, become gray, kırdırma 1. /ı, a/ having/causing (s.o.) to break (s.t.). 2. Ill having (grain) cracked. 3. hi having (printed sheets) folded. 4. h! having (a note) discounted. 5. hi getting an advance on (one’s salary), kırdırmak 1. /ı, a/ to have/cause (s.o.) to break (s.t.). 2. hi to have (grain) cracked. 3. hi to have (printed sheets) folded. 4. hi to have (a note) discounted. 5. hi to get an advance on (one’s salary), kırdırtma h, a/ 1. having (s.o.) break (s.t.). 2.
   getting (s.o.) to lower (a price), kırdırtmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) break (s.t.).
   2.    to get (s.o.) to lower (a price), kirgm 1. hurt, offended. 2. prov. murrain (affecting animals), kırgınlık 1. offense, hurt. 2. ache; soreness; fatigue.
Kırgız 1. (a) Kirghiz, (a) Kyrgyz. 2. Kirghiz, Kyrgyz, of or pertaining to the Kirghiz people or their language.
Kırgızca (./.) 1. Kirghiz, the Kirghiz language.
   2. (speaking/writing) in Kirghiz, Kirghiz. 3. Kirghiz (speech/writing); spoken in Kirghiz; written in Kirghiz.
Kırgızistan 1. Kyrgyzstan, Kirghizistan. 2. of Kyrgyzstan, kırıcı offensive, hurtful (word/action), kırıcılık hurtfulness.
’kırık 1. broken. 2. hybrid; mongrel; of mixed race. 3. broken piece. 4. med. fracture, break.
   5. geol. fault. 6. cracked grain. 7. failing grade. 8. backgammon piece put out of play.
   9. offended, hurt. — almak to get a failing grade. — dökük colloq. 1. broken/worn-out (furniture). 2. broken/worn-out piece of furniture. 3. broken, disjointed, incoherent (language). — ışın phys. refracted ray. — not/ numara failing grade. — tahtası med. splint.
   —  vermek /a/ to give (a student) a failing grade.
2kırık 1 . prov. (a woman’s) lover. 2. slang boy;
   young man. — dölü slang bastard, kırıkçı bonesetter. kırıkçılık bonesetting. kırıkkırak breadstick.
kırıklık 1. brokenness. 2. ache; soreness; fatigue.
kırılgan 1. breakable. 2. easily offended, touchy.
                                                                                                            kirk
kırılganlık 1. fragility. 2. touchiness.
kınlım phys. refraction.
kırılma 1. breaking, break. 2. phys. refraction.
    3. hurt, offense. 4. colloq. coquettish way of walking; coquettish gestures.
kırılmak 1. to be broken. 2. /a/ to be hurt, be offended (by s.o.). 3. phys. to be refracted.
    4. to die, perish, kırılıp bükülmek colloq. to speak and act in an overly refined way. kırılıp dökülmek colloq. 1. to speak and act in an overly refined way. 2. to be falling to bits, be completely worn out. 3. to be aching all over; to feel terrible.
Kırım (/.) 1. the Crimea. 2. Crimean, of the Crimea.
kırım 1. slaughter, carnage, massacre. 2. death of domestic animals because of disease/disaster. 3. fold, pleat. 4. colloq. discount, kırım kırım (./ ..) colloq. (walking/moving) flirtatiously, coquettishly. — kırıtmak to walk/move very coquettishly.
Kırımlı (/..) 1. (a) Crimean. 2. Crimean (person).
kinmtartar cream of tartar, kırınım phys. diffraction, kırıntı 1. fragment, piece. 2. crumb. 3. slang small piece of hashish, kırışık 1. wrinkled, wrinkly. 2. wrinkle, kırışıklık wrinkledness, kırışma 1. getting wrinkled. 2. killing/destroying each other. 3. hi dividing (s.t.) among/ between themselves. 4. betting with each other. 5. colloq. flirting with each other, kırışmak 1. to get wrinkled. 2. to kill/destroy each other. 3. Ill to divide (s.t.) among/between themselves. 4. to bet with each other.
    5.    colloq. to flirt with each other, kırıştırma 1. Ill wrinkling. 2. /la/ flirting with, kırıştırmak 1. hi to wrinkle. 2. /la/ to flirt with, kırıta kirita (../ ...) colloq. flirtatiously, coquettishly.
kırıtış flirtatious behavior, kırıtkan coquettish, flirtatious, kırıtkanlık coquetry, flirtatiousness, kırıtma behaving coquettishly. kırıtmak to behave coquettishly. kiristal, -li slang cocaine, snow, kırk, -ki 1. forty. 2. very many; far too many.
    —  anahtar sahibi (— anahtarlı) colloq. man of property; very rich person. — bir buçuk/kere maşallah! colloq. May no harm befall him/her/it! — ı çıkmak /in/ for forty days to have passed after (s.o.’s) birth, time of childbearing, or going into mourning. — dereden su getirmek colloq. to make all sorts of excuses. — evin kedisi colloq. person who is always in and out of other people’s houses. — gün taban eti, bir gün av eti. proverb Hunting involves wearing your feet out for many days in order to bag game that’ll be eaten in one day. — hırsız bir çıplağı soyamamış. proverb (Forty thieves could steal nothing from a naked man.) A
 kırkambar
   person with few possessions need have no fear of thieves. — ikindi afternoon rains (which continue about forty days in certain regions of Anatolia). — kapının ipini çekmek colloq. to go to or apply to many places, —lan karışmak colloq. to be bom within the same forty-day period. — öksüzle bir mağarada mı kaldı? colloq. (Has he/ she been stuck in a cave with forty orphans?) What does he/she have to complain about? He’s/She’s doing all right. — mdan sonra azanı teneşir paklar. (Kırkından sonra azana çare bulunmaz.) proverb If a middle -aged man starts acting like a randy young buck, it won’t be long until he kicks the bucket, —mdan sonra azmak colloq. to start behaving like a randy young buck after one has reached middle age. —ından sonra saza başlayan kıyamette çalar, proverb (A person who starts to study music in his/her old age will only have a chance to play it in heaven.) Someone who undertakes to learn a new thing late in life will not have time to master it before he/she dies, —mdan sonra saz çalmak colloq. to take up something rather late in life. — tarakta bezi olmak colloq. to have one’s finger in many pies; to be involved in many different things. — yılın başı/başmda (kırk yılda bir) colloq. very seldom, once in a blue moon. — yıl kıran olmuş, eceli gelen ölmüş. (Kırk yılda bir ölet olur, eceli gelen ölür.) proverb (The plague came and those whose fate was to die died.) The time of one’s death is predestined and not affected by circumstance.
   —      yıllık Kâni, olur mu Yani? proverb (Can forty-year-old Kâni turn into Yani?) Can a leopard change its spots? kırkambar (.'..) 1. place/container full of miscellaneous things. 2. colloq. person of encyclopedic knowledge. 3. seller of miscellaneous items. 4. naut. mixed cargo. 5. slang unburnt tobacco extracted from cigarette butts.
kırkar forty each, forty apiece, kırkayak zool. 1. centipede. 2. millipede. 3. crab louse, pubic louse, Phthirus pubis. kırkayaklar zool. Chilopoda. kırkbayır omasum, many plies, psalterium. kırkgeçit stream one continually has to cross because of its meanders, kırkı 1. shearing. 2. shears (for shearing sheep/ goats).
kırkıcı sheep/goat shearer, kırkılma being sheared, being shorn, kırkılmak to be sheared, be shorn, kırkım 1. shearing. 2. shearing season, kırkıncı 1. fortieth, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is fortieth in a countable series. 2. fortieth, in the fortieth place, kırkıntı clipping, clippings (of hair/cloth); shorn fleece.
kırkırlangıcı, -ni (/....) zool. barn swallow,
 522                                               kırma
                              Hirundo rustica. kırklama 1. (of a newborn child, its mother, or s.o. in mourning) reaching the end of a forty -day period. 2. /i/ doing (s.t.) forty times. 3. hi rinsing (s.t.) many times, kırklamak 1. (for a newborn child, its mother, or s.o. in mourning) to reach the end of a forty-day period. 2. Ill to do (s.t.) forty times.
   3. hi to rinse (s.t.) many times.
Kırklar the Forty (hidden) Saints (of Islamic mysticism), —a karışmak colloq. to vanish, disappear.
kırklı 1. person who was bom within forty days of another. 2. (s.t.) that is made up of forty parts/sections. 3. (woman) who is still within the forty-day period that follows the delivery of her baby. 4. (baby) not yet forty-days old. 'kırklık 1. (s.t.) which is forty units in length, weight, volume, etc.; (s.t.) which will hold forty units/measures. 2. (a) forty-year-old, (a) quadragenarian. 3. forty-year-old, quadragenarian. 4. clothes for a newborn child, layette.
   5. formerly coin worth forty paras.
2kırklık prov. shears (for shearing sheep/goats), kırkma 1. hi trimming. 2. hi clipping, shearing (an animal). 3. prov. bangs (of hair), kırkmak hi 1. to trim. 2. to clip, shear (an animal).
kirkmerak colloq. very inquisitive, overly curious.
                              kırkmerdiven (/...) 1. very steep slope. 2.
                              sword with regular notches in its blade, kirkurdu, -nu (/..) zool. coyote, prairie wolf, Canis latrans. kırlağan 1. pestilence, plague, epidemic of a fatal disease. 2. bubonic plague, kırlangıç 1. zool. swallow, Hirundo. 2. zool. martin, house martin, Chelidon urbica. 3. prov. quack eye doctor. 4. hist, a light galley.
   —m zararını biberciden sor. proverb (Ask the pepper grower about the damage swallows cause.) Some people look gentle but are actually harmful, kırlangıçbalığı, -ni (../...) zool. red gurnard, Trig la pini.
kırlangıçdönümü, -nü (../...) early October (when the swallows fly south), kırlangıçfırtması, -m (../....) storm occurring around the beginning of April (when the swallows return), kırlangıçkuyruğu, -nu (../...) dovetail, mortise/ tenon the shape of which somewhat resembles a dove’s tail. — geçme dovetail joint.
kırlangıçotu, -nu (../..) bot. celandine, swallow-wort, Chelidonium majus. kırlaşma turning gray, going gray, graying, kırlaşmak to turn gray, go gray, gray, kırlık open country.
kırma 1. breaking, break. 2. pleat. 3. groats. 4. folding, collapsible. 5. folding (of printed sheets). 6. (animal) of mixed breed. 7. breechloading. — makinesi 1. rock crusher,
 kırmacı                                          523
   jawbreaker. 2. folder, folding machine. — tabanca/tüfek breechloader. — yaka ruff (collar).
kırmacı 1. bookbinding folder (person). 2.
   prov. miller/seller of groats, kırmak hi 1. to break. 2. to chop/split (wood).
   3. to crush; to grind coarsely. 4. to fold (printed sheets). 5. to break, destroy (one’s resistance/strength/pride/desire). 6. (for war/ disease) to kill, cut down. 1. to reduce (a price). 8. to offend, hurt. 9. backgammon to win (an opponent’s piece). 10. to turn (a rudder/a steering wheel) sharply to one side. 11. to mitigate, abate, break (the severity of a cold spell, the unpleasant effects of s.t.). 12. slang to run away, clear out, make tracks.
   Kır boynunu! colloq. Scram!/Beat it! kırıp dökmek hi to destroy, break, kırıp geçirmek hi colloq. 1. to wipe out, destroy utterly. 2. to offend (s.o.) greatly. 3. to make (people) split their sides laughing, kıran kırana colloq. (fighting) savagely, with no holds barred; with might and main, kırdığı koz kırkı/bini aşmak colloq. to make one gaffe after another.
kirmalama hi pleating, kirmalamak hi to pleat, kırmalı pleated.
kırmataş (./.) gravel, ballast (used in making roadbeds).
kırmız kermes, cochineal (red dye). — madeni kermes mineral, kermes, kırmızböceği, -ni (./...) zool. a scale insect, Kermes ilicislCoccus ilicis. kırmızı red; carmine; crimson. — algler bot. red algae, Rhodophyta. — dipli mumla davet etmedim ya! colloq. 1 didn’t beg him/ her to come! — fener slang brothel, whorehouse, cathouse. — gagalı dağ kargası zool. red-legged chough, Pyrrhocorax pyrrho-corax. — gömlek colloq. something that can’t be kept secret. — gömlek gizlenemez. proverb, see Al gömlek gizlenemez. — oy negative vote. — patlıcan prov. tomato. — yabanmersini bot. cowberry, lingonberry, mountain cranberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea. — yüksükotu bot. purple foxglove, Digitalis purpurea.
kırmızıbalık (../..) zool. goldfish, Carassius auratus.
kırmızıbiber (../..) bot. cayenne pepper, red pepper, Capsicum frutescens. kırmızıdut, -tu (../.) bot. red mulberry, Morus rubra.
kırmızıkeklik (../..) zool. red-legged partridge, Alectoris rufa. kırmızılanma see kırmızılaşma, kırmızılanmak see kırmızılaşmak, kırmızılaşma reddening, turning red. kırmızılaşmak to redden, turn red. kırmızılı (s.t.) red in places, kırmızılık redness, ruddiness; flush, kırmızımsı reddish, somewhat red.
kısalma
kırmızımtırak see kırmızımsı, kırmızısandal (../..) bot. red sandalwood, Ptero-carpus santalinus. kırmızıtilki (../..) zool. red fox, Vulpes fulva. kırmızıturp, -pu (../.) bot. radish, Raphanus sativus.
kırmızmeşesi, -ni (./...) bot. kermes oak, Quercus coccinea. kiro (/.) slang 1. bumpkin, lout. 2. loutish, kırpık clipped, shorn, kırpılma being clipped, being sheared, kırpılmak to be clipped, be sheared, kırpıntı 1. clipped-off bit, clipping. 2. (leftover) bit, scrap, kırpıştırma hi blinking (one’s eyes), kırpıştırmak hi to blink (one’s eyes), kırpma hi 1. clipping, shearing; trimming. 2.
    winking (an eye), kırpmak hi 1. to clip, shear; to trim. 2. to wink (an eye).
kırptırma h, a/ having (s.o.) clip (s.t.). kırptırmak /i, a/ to have (s.o.) clip (s.t.). kirro (/.) slang, see kiro. kırsal country, rural, rustic; pastoral, kirsansan, -m (/...) zool. polecat, Mustela. kırsıçanı, -m (/...) zool. European vole, field mouse, meadow mouse, Microtus agrestis. kırtasiye (.— ..) stationery, writing materials, kırtasiyeci (.— ...) 1. stationer, seller of writing materials. 2. petty-minded bureaucrat, pettifogger (who insists on unnecessary paperwork).
                                                         kırtasiyecilik (.— ....) 1. being a stationer; the stationery business. 2. red tape, bureaucracy, kırtıpil slang 1. unkempt and shabby. 2. shoddy.
    3.   worthless, no-count (person), kısa short. — dalga radio shortwave. — devre elec. short circuit. — geçmek hi colloq. to explain (s.t.) without going into detail. — görüşlü colloq. narrow-minded. — günün kârı, colloq. At least it’s better than nothing.
    —  günün kârı/kazancı az olur, proverb If you only spend a little time working on something, you can’t expect to benefit very much from it. — hece gram, short syllable.
    —  kesmek hi colloq. to cut short (one’s talk). — ömürlü short-lived, ephemeral. — süreli short-term. — sürmek to take a short time, not to last long. — tutmak III colloq. not to make (s.t.) long/wide enough. — ünlü phon. short vowel. — vadeli short-term. — yoldan colloq. briefly and to the point, without beating about the bush.
kısaca I. rather short. 2. (./.) in short, briefly, —si in a word, the long and short of it is that ...; in brief, kısacık (/..) very short, kisakafali (./...) anat. short-headed, brachy-cephalic.
kısalık 1. shortness. 2. brevity, short span of time.
kısalma 1. becoming shorter, shortening. 2. shrinking, shrinkage.
kısalmak
 524
kısmet
kısalmak 1. to become, shorter, shorten. 2. to shrink.
kisaltim fine arts foreshortening, kısaltma 1. hi (act of) shortening, making (s.t.) shorter. 2. Ill abridging, abridgment. 3. abbreviation.
kısaltmak hi 1. to shorten, make (s.t.) shorter.
    2.    to abridge, condense. 3. to abbreviate, kısaltmalı shortened, abbreviated. — sözcük acronym.
kısas retaliation, reprisal, —a kısas an eye for an eye.
kısıcı volume control (on an amplifier), kısık 1. hoarse (voice). 2. (radio, lamp, etc.) that has been turned down. 3. narrowed, slit-ted (eyes). 4. geog. mountain pass, gap, col. kısıklık hoarseness.
kısılma 1. becoming hoarse. 2. reduction, lessening. 3. contraction. 4. heart contraction, kısılmak 1. to be reduced, be lessened. 2. to get hoarse. 3. (for a radio, lamp, etc.) to be turned down. 4. to be caught (in a trap). 5. (for a muscle) to contract. 6. (for eyes) to narrow.
kısım, -smi 1. part, portion, section, division.
    2.    kind: kadın kısmı womankind. — kısım in parts, in sections, kisimlama hi prov. grasping (s.t.) with one hand.
kisimlamak hi prov. to grasp (s.t.) with one hand.
kısınma /a/ prov. refraining/abstaining (from), kısınmak /a/ prov. to refrain/abstain (from), kısıntı reduction, cutback.
'kısır 1. barren, sterile (person/animal). 2. unproductive.
2kisir a cold dish made with cracked wheat, salad vegetables, and olive oil. kısırdöngü (./..) vicious circle, kısırganma /ı, dan/ prov. refusing to give (s.t.) to (s.o.).
kısırganmak /ı, dan/ prov. to refuse to give (s.t.) to (s.o.). kısırlaşma becoming barren/unproductive, becoming sterile, kısırlaşmak to become barren/unproductive, become sterile, kısırlaştırma hi med. sterilizing, sterilization, kısırlaştırmak h! med. to sterilize, kısırlık 1. barrenness, sterility. 2. unproductiveness.
kısıt, -ti law putting (an incompetent person) under the care of a guardian; appointing a caretaker for the goods of (an incompetent/ imprisoned person), kısıtlama 1. hi law putting (an incompetent person) under the care of a guardian. 2. hi restricting. 3. (a) restriction, kısıtlamak hi 1. law to put (an incompetent person) under the care of a guardian. 2. to restrict.
kısıtlayıcı restrictive, limiting.
kısıtlı 1. law under the care of a guardian. 2.
   restricted, limited, kıskaç 1. tongs; forceps; pincers; pliers. 2. clamp. 3. zool. claw, pincer, chela. 4. step-ladder. — gözlük pince-nez. (bir) — içinde olmak colloq. to be in a very difficult situation. —mda olmak Iml colloq. to be under the yoke of. kıskanç jealous, kıskançlık jealousy.
kıskandırma hi arousing (s.o.’s) jealousy, kıskandırmak III to arouse (s.o.’s) jealousy, kıskanılma being envied, kıskanılmak to be envied, kıskanma 1. hi being jealous of (s.o.); being jealous of, envying (s.t. possessed by s.o.).
   2. /i, dan/ resenting (s.o.’s) showing affection to or interest in (s.o. else). 3. Ill loving (s.o.) jealously; being jealously protective of.
kıskanmak 1. hi to be jealous of (s.o.); to be jealous of, envy (s.t. possessed by s.o.). 2. /i, dan/ to resent (s.o.’s) showing affection to or interest in (s.o. else): Çocuk babasını kardeşinden kıskanıyor. The boy is resentful of his father’s showing affection for his brother. 3. Ill to love (s.o.) jealously; to be jealously protective of. kıskı wedge, chock.
kıs kıs (/ .) used in: — gülmek colloq. to laugh silently; to laugh up one’s sleeve, kıskıvrak (/..) colloq. very tightly, very securely. — bağlamak III to bind tightly. — yakalamak hi to collar/catch (s.o./s.t.) so that escape is impossible, kısma hi 1. reducing, lessening; shortening, making (s.t.) shorter. 2. cutting (expenses).
   3. lowering (one’s voice, the volume of sound); turning down (a lamp/a light). 4. (of a dog) tucking (its tail) (between its legs).
   5. (of an animal) lowering (its ears). 6. narrowing (the eyes).
kısmak hi 1. to reduce, lessen; to shorten, make (s.t.) shorter. 2. to cut (expenses). 3. to lower (one’s voice, the volume of sound); to turn down (a lamp/a light). 4. (for a dog) to tuck (its tail) (between its legs). 5. (for an animal) to lower (its ears). 6. to narrow (the eyes), kısmen (/.) partly.
kısmet, -ti 1. destiny, fortune, kismet. 2. chance of marriage (for a woman). K—. colloq. Perhaps ./If fortune wills it. K—se .... colloq. If it’s fated to happen, .... —i açık colloq. 1. favored by fortune, lucky. 2. (girl) who has many suitors. —i açılmak colloq. 1. to have a lucky break and begin to make money. 2. (for a girl) to receive a marriage proposal.
   —  i ayağına (kadar) gelmek colloq. for fortune to come knocking at one’s door; to have an unexpected stroke of luck, —ini ayağıyla tepmek colloq. to ignore a chance that comes one’s way. —ini bağlamak Iml to use sorcery to prevent (a girl’s) marrying.
   —i bağlanmak colloq. (for a girl) not to receive proposals of marriage. — i bağlı olmak
kısmetli
 525
 kıta
   colloq. to have no luck (in finding a husband). —i çıkmak colloq. (for a girl) to receive a marriage proposal. — gökten zembille inmez, proverb (One’s good fortune does not come down from heaven in a basket.) If one wants good things one must work for them. — ise gelir Hint’ten, Yemen’den, kısmet değilse ne gelir elden? proverb If something is fated to happen, it’ll happen come what may; but if it’s not fated to happen, nothing one does can bring it to pass.
   —   kapısı colloq. the source of one’s livelihood. —i kit colloq. short on luck/success, —ine mâni olmak /m/ colloq. to prevent (s.o.) from marrying or making money, —inde ne varsa kaşığında o çıkar, proverb (Whatever is fated will appear in one’s spoon.) No matter how hard a person tries he/she will get only what he’s/she’s destined to have. — olmak colloq. 1. to be possible, be in the cards. 2. /a/ to be allotted (s.o.) by fate.
kısmetli fortunate, lucky, kısmetsiz İ. unfortunate, unlucky. 2. (girl) who’s received no proposal of marriage, who has no suitors. — köpek, sabaha karşı uyuya-kalır. proverb (The dog whose luck is against him falls asleep just at dawn.) If a person is naturally unlucky he/she will miss whatever chance comes his/her way. kısmık prov. stingy, close-fisted, tight, kısmi (.—) partial. — hasar partial loss. — körlük partial blindness. — seçim by-election, kısrak mare.
kıssa story, tale; anecdote, —dan hisse 1. the moral of a story. 2. the lesson learned from an experience, —dan hisse almak 1. to draw a moral from a story. 2. to learn a lesson from an experience, kıstak geol. isthmus, kıstas criterion.
kıstelyevm obs. money deducted from wages because of absence from work, kıstırılma /a or da/ being trapped, being cornered (somewhere), kıstırılmak /a or da/ to be trapped, be cornered (somewhere), kıstırma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) turn down or diminish the flow/volume of (s.t.). 2. getting (a part of one’s body) caught/entangled in (a place).
kıstırmak /i, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) turn down or diminish the flow/volume of (s.t.). 2. to get (a part of one’s body) caught/entangled in (a place): Elini makineye kıstırdı. He got his hand caught in the machine.
'kış 1. winter. 2. winter weather. — bahçesi greenhouse, conservatory. — basmak colloq. for winter to set in. — ı çıkarmak colloq. 1. /da/ to spend the winter in (a place). 2. to last until the end of the winter. — ekimi winter sowing, —i etmek colloq. 1. /da/ to stay
   (somewhere) until winter begins. 2. to last until the beginning of winter. — ı geçirmek to spend the winter, winter. — gün durumu astr. winter solstice. — kışlığını, kuş kuşluğunu gösterir/yapar, proverb (Winter shows what winter is; a bird demonstrates what birds are.) Everything acts in accordance with its own intrinsic nature. — kıyamet colloq. severe winter weather. — uykusu hibernation (of animals). — uykusuna yatmak (for an animal) to hibernate.
2kış Shoo!/Scat! (said to barnyard fowl). — kış etmek /ı/ to shoo away (barnyard fowl), kışçı slang person who deliberately gets himself imprisoned so that he will have shelter through the winter, kışm (/.) in the winter, during the winter, kışır, -şrı obs. 1. bark; peel; rind. 2. geol. crust, kışkırtı incitement, instigation, provocation, kışkırtıcı 1. provocative. 2. fomenter, instigator;
    agent provocateur, kışkırtıcılık provocation, instigation, fomentation.
kışkırtılma being instigated, being fomented, kışkırtılmak to be instigated, be fomented, kışkırtma 1. instigation, provocation. 2. /i, a/ inciting (s.o.) to (do s.t. bad). 3. /i/ shooing away (barnyard fowl), kışkırtmak 1. /ı/ to instigate, provoke. 2. /i, a/ to incite (s.o.) to (do s.t. bad). 3. /i/ to shoo away (barnyard fowl), kışla (/.) mil. barracks.
kışlak sheltered place (where nomads and their flocks go to winter), kışlama 1. setting in of winter. 2. /da/ wintering (somewhere), kışlamak 1. for winter to set in. 2. /da/ to winter (somewhere), kışlatma 1. /ı, da/ settling (a group of nomads) in (a sheltered place) for the winter. 2. /i, da/ putting (a flock) in (a sheltered place) for the winter. 3. /i, a/ slang setting (one person) on (another), kışlatmak 1. /ı, da/ to settle (a group of nomads) in (a sheltered place) for the winter.
   2.     /i, da/ to put (a flock) in (a sheltered place) for the winter. 3. /i, a/ slang to set (one person) on (another), kışlık 1. suitable for use in the winter. 2. winter residence, winter house, kıt, -ti 1. insufficient, inadequate; scant. 2. in short supply, scarce. — ekmeği prov. food sent to a neighboring house where somebody has died, —a gitmek prov. to take food to a bereaved or poor family. — kanaat geçinmek colloq. just barely to make ends meet, be very poor. — ı kıtına hesaplamak hi colloq. to plan (s.t.) down to the very last detail. —i kıtına idare etmek colloq. to get by on a shoestring, scrape by. — ı kıtına yetişmek colloq. to be just barely enough to go around.
kıta 1. continent. 2. mil. detachment. 3. poet.
kıtık                                               526
   quatrain. 4. formerly a portion (of a city bus’s route). 5. formerly piece, item. 6. size (relative largeness). — kıta in sections; in separate pieces. — sahanlığı continental shelf, kıtık 1. stuffing (made of flax/hemp fibers). 2. flax/hemp fibers (added to plaster as a binder).
kıtıpiyos slang good-for-nothing, no-count, kıtır 1; slang lie. 2. crackling, crackly sound.
    3.    prov. popcorn. — atmak slang to tell lies, kitirbom slang lie. kıtırcı slang liar.
kıtırdama crackling, producing a crackly sound, kıtırdamak to crackle, produce a crackly sound, kıtırdatma tit crackling, making (s.t.) crackle, kıtırdatmak tit to crackle, make (s.t.) crackle, kıtır kıtır (./ ..) 1. with a crackling sound. 2.
    crisp, crackly. kıtırtı crackle, crackling sound, kıtlama (drinking tea) with a lump of sugar in one’s mouth, kıtlaşma becoming scarce, becoming hard to find.
kıtlaşmak to become scarce, become hard to find.
kıtlık 1. famine, general scarcity of food. 2. scarcity, shortage, —tan çıkmış gibi yemek colloq. to devour one’s food ravenously, eat as if it were one’s last meal. — ma kıran girmek tint colloq. to become as scarce as hen’s teeth.
kıvam 1. consistency, thickness, degree of density. 2. the right moment/stage (in development). 3. the peak of development, —mda
   1. of the proper consistency. 2. at the most suitable time. 3. (person) in top shape, at one’s fittest (physically and mentally); in one’s prime. 4. at its best, at its peak, —mi bulmak (—a gelmek) 1. to reach the right consistency. 2. to reach the right moment/ stage; to be at its peak. 3. to reach one’s prime; to get into one’s stride.
kıvamlanma 1. reaching the right consistency.
   2. reaching the right moment/stage; being at its peak. 3. reaching one’s prime; getting into one’s stride.
kıvamlanmak 1. to reach the right consistency.
    2.    to reach the right moment/stage; to be at its peak. 3. to reach one’s prime; to get into one’s stride, kıvamlı 1. of the right consistency. 2. (s.o./s.t.)
    who/which has reached his/her/its prime, kıvamsız 1. not yet of the right consistency. 2. (s.o./s.t.) who/which has not yet reached his/ her/its prime, kıvanç 1. gladness, pleasure. 2. pride (that is merited). — duymak 1. to be pleased, be glad. 2. /dan/ to take pride in. — vermek /a/ to please, gladden, kıvançlı 1. glad, pleased. 2. justly proud, kıvandırma tit 1. gladdening. 2. making (s.o.)
    feel justly proud, kıvandırmak tit 1. to gladden. 2. to make (s.o.).
                                                                                              kıvranma
   feel justly proud, kıvanma 1. /a/ being glad about, being pleased about. 2. /la/ taking pride in, being justly proud of.
kıvanmak 1. /a/ to be glad about, be pleased about. 2. /la/ to take pride in, be justly proud of.
                                                           kıvılcım 1. spark. 2. solar flare. — kafesi/siperi
   fire screen, fireguard. — tutucu spark arrester.
kıvılcımlanma starting to give off sparks, kıvılcımlanmak to start to give off sparks, kıvıldevinbilim (./....) electrodynamics, kıvılkesilgen (./...) electrolyte, kıvılkesim (./..) chem., phys. electrolysis, kıvılkesimsel (./...) electrolytic. — çözelti chem. electrolytic solution, kıvıl kıvıl (./ ..) 1. really, vigorously (swarming/ burning). 2. constantly (moving), kıvılkimya (./.—) electrochemistry, kıvılkimyasal (./.— .) electrochemical, kıvıllandırma phys. electrification, kıvıllandırmak tit phys. to electrify, kıvıllık electricity, kıvıluç (./.) electrode.
kıvırcık 1. curly; frizzy; kinky. 2. a sheep having very curly hair. — salata a lettuce with crinkly leaves, kıvır kıvır (./ ..) in curls. — oynamak colloq. to bump and grind (while dancing). — yapmak tit to curl, frizz. — yürümek colloq. to wriggle one’s hips as one walks, kıvırma 1. curling; twisting. 2. crimping. 3.
   folding. — makinesi crimping machine, kıvırmak tit 1. to curl; to twist. 2. to crimp. 3. to turn up (cuffs). 4. to fold back. 5. colloq. to pull off, manage to do, manage. 6. colloq. to make up (lies). 7. colloq. to undulate/ wriggle sensuously (a part of the body), kıvırtmaç hair curler.
                                                           kıvırtma 1. /ı, a/ having (s.o.) curl/twist (s.t.).
   2.  colloq. trying to wriggle out of doing something.
                                                           kıvırtmak 1. /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) curl/twist (s.t.).
   2.  colloq. to try to wriggle out of doing something.
kıvır zıvır (./ ..) colloq. 1. trifling, piddling. 2. oddly assorted, picked up at random. 3. odds and ends.
kıvracık (/..) colloq. tidy and easily looked -after (place), kıvrak 1. energetic and on the ball. 2. clear and fluent (speech/writing). 3. neat, spruce (clothing/appearance). kıvraklık 1. energy and alertness. 2. clearness and fluency (of speech/writing). 3. neatness, spruceness (in clothing/appearance), kıvrama getting kinked and tangled, kinking and tangling, kıvramak to get kinked and tangled, kink and tangle.
                                                           kıvranma 1. writhing (in pain); moving about agitatedly. 2. suffering greatly. 3. /diye/ crav-
 kıvranmak                                         527
   ing, feeling a burning desire for. kıvranmak 1. to writhe (in pain); to move about agitatedly. 2. to suffer greatly. 3. /diye/ to crave, feel a burning desire for. kıvratma III prov. curling/twisting (s.t.) tightly, kıvratmak hi prov. to curl/twist (s.t.) tightly, kıvrık 1. curling; curled. 2. (hair) that has been given a permanent wave. 3. (trouser leg) that has a cuff, cuffed. — bağırsak anat., see kıvrımbağırsak. — paçalı pantolon trousers with cuffs.
kıvrılı (cuffs) that have been turned back, kıvrılma 1. being curled/twisted. 2. being turned back, being folded back. 3. (of an animal/a person) curling up. 4. geol. folding, kıvrılmak 1. to curl; to twist. 2. to be turned back, be folded back. 3. (for an animal/a person) to curl up. kıvrım 1. curl; twist; (a) convolution; (an) undulation; fold. 2. bend (of a road). 3. geol. fold. 4. anat. plica, fold. 5. ringlet (of hair).
   —  kıvrım 1. winding, full of twists and turns (road). 2. very curly, full of ringlets (hair).
   3. very convoluted. 4. very undulating. — kıvrım kıvranmak colloq. to writhe violently (in agony).
kıvrımbağırsak (./...) anat. ileum, kivnmlanma becoming curled/convoluted/ folded.
kivnmlanmak to become curled/convoluted/ folded.
kıvrımlı curled; twisted; folded. — dağlar folded mountains, fold mountains, kıvrıntı 1. (a) fold. 2. turn, twist (of a road), kıya murder, homicide, kiyabilim (./..) criminology, kiyabilimci (./...) criminologist, kıyacı murderer.
kıyafet, -ti (.—.) 1. outfit, clothes, dress, attire, costume. 2. (a person’s) overall appearance.
   —  balosu costume ball, fancy dress ball.
   —ini değiştirmek 1. to change one’s clothes.
   2. colloq. to disguise o.s. — düşkünü colloq.
   1. (s.o.) dressed in shabby/unprepossessing clothes. 2. person dressed in shabby/unprepossessing clothes. — ilmi (the art of) physiognomy.
kıyafetli (.— ..) dressed like, dressed up as ...: şeytan kıyafetli bir adam a man got up as the devil.
                             kıyafetsiz (.—..) 1. (s.o.) dressed in shabby/unprepossessing clothes. 2. person dressed in shabby/unprepossessing clothes, kıyafetsizlik (.— ...) shabbiness of dress, shabby appearance; unprepossessing appearance, kıyak colloq. nice, great, swell, super; sharp -looking. — kaçmak slang (for s.t.) to be super, be great, be just the thing, kıyakçı slang 1. reckless gambler, one who stakes all his winnings on one throw. 2. smoker of marijuana/hashish; pot-smoker. kıyaklaşma colloq. 1. beginning to look good/ great/sharp. 2. turning into a swell person.
                                                                                                             kıyı
                                                               kıyaklaşmak colloq. 1. to begin to look good/ great/sharp. 2. to turn into a swell person, kıyaklık colloq. 1. being swell/super. 2. very pleasing action, nice gesture, kıyam obs. 1. standing up. 2. attempt, endeavor.
    3.    revolt, rebellion. 4. the part of the namaz performed while standing up. kıyamama /a/ 1. being unable to spare/part with/abandon. 2. being unable to kill. 3. being unable to act heartlessly towards; not having the heart to harm (s.o.). kıyamamak /a/ 1. to be unable to spare/part with/abandon. 2. to be unable to kill. 3. to be unable to act heartlessly towards; not to have the heart to harm (s.o.). kıyamet, -ti (.—.) 1. doomsday, the end of the world (when the dead will be resurrected).
    2.    colloq. tumult, uproar, disturbance. — alameti sign portending the approach of doomsday. — gibi colloq., see kıyamet kadar. — günü doomsday. — kadar colloq. lots of, umpteen,... galore. — e kadar colloq. till hell freezes over. — i/—leri koparmak colloq. to raise hell about it, make a hell of a fuss, blow one’s stack. — kopmak 1. colloq. for all hell to break loose. 2. for the end of the world to come, kıyas 1. comparison, comparing. 2. analogy. 3. log. syllogism; deductive reasoning. — etmek III to compare. — kabul etmez incomparable, not comparable, kiyasal murderous, homicidal. — düşük criminal abortion, kiyasen (.—'.) /a/ see kıyasla, kıyasıya (./..) 1. mercilessly, cruelly. 2. savage, murderous (action), kiyasi (.— —) obs. 1. gram, regular. 2. analogical. 3. log. syllogistical. kıyasla (./.) /a/ 1. in comparison to/with. 2. by analogy with, kıyaslama 1. comparison, comparing. 2. analogy, making an analogy, kıyaslamak hf to compare, kıydırma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) cut up (s.t.). 2. having (s.o.) kill/harm (s.o.). 3. having (s.o.) perform (a marriage), kıydırmak /i, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) cut up (s.t.).
    2.    to have (s.o.) kill/harm (s.o.). 3. to have (s.o.) perform (a marriage), kıygı 1. injustice. 2. oppression, tyranny, kıygın 1. wronged, unjustly treated. 2. law the injured party, kıygınlık being wronged, being unjustly treated, kıyı 1. shore; coast; bank. 2. edge, side. 3. outskirts.^— balıkçılığı inshore fishing. — bankacılığı offshore banking. — bölgesi littoral zone, —da bucakta colloq., see kıyıda köşede, —ya çıkmak to land, go ashore. — çukuru roadside ditch. — düzlüğü coastal plain. — gemiciliği intracoastal navigation, —dan gitmek 1. to go via the coast. 2. (for a boat) to travel inshore, hug the shore. — gölü lagoon. — ya inmek to land, go ashore.
 ‘kıyıcı                                             528
   —yı izlemek see kıyıdan gitmek, —dan kıyıdan colloq. along the coast; very cautiously. —da köşede colloq. in out-of-the -way places; in forgotten nooks and crannies.
   —      kumulu coastal sand dune. — oku spit (of land). — sıra colloq. hugging the shore, following the coastline, inshore. — suları coastal waters. — sürüklenmesi littoral drift, ’kıyıcı 1. inshore fisherman. 2. hist, man charged with collecting wreckage washed ashore.
                                  2kıyıcı 1. cutter, person who cuts something up in fine bits. 2. pitiless, cruel, merciless, kıyıcılık cruelty. — etmek /a/ to treat (s.o.)
   cruelly, kıyık chopped up, minced, kıyılama coasting, sailing along the coast, kıyılamak to coast, sail along the coast, kıyılgı law decision, judgment, kıyılma 1. being cut up finely, being minced.
   2. aching, feeling sore.
                                  kıyılmak 1. to be cut up finely, be minced. 2.
   /a/ impersonal passive to part with, spare; to abandon, give up. 3. /a/ impersonal passive to murder. 4. /a/ impersonal passive to wrong, harm. 5. to ache, feel sore, kıyım 1. cutting up finely, chopping up, mincing. 2. wronging, mistreatment. 3. cut, way of cutting. 4. massacre, kıyımlı cut/chopped up (in a particular way), kıyın 1. oppression, tyranny. 2. law sentence, punishment, kıyıncı tyrannous, oppressive, kıyınç torture.
kıyınma 1. feeling very hungry. 2. (of one’s body) aching or feeling sore all over, kıyınmak 1. to feel very hungry: Midem kıyınıyor. I feel very hungry. 2. (for one’s body) to ache or feel sore all over, kıyıntı 1. hunger pang. 2. soreness all over one’s body. 3. scrap, tiny bit. kıyısal coastal; littoral.
                                                                    kıyışma 1. coming to an agreement. 2. /la/ competing against, kıyışmak 1. to come to an agreement. 2. /la/ to compete against, kıyma 1. ground meat, Brit, mince; ground beef, hamburger. 2. /i/ cutting up finely, mincing.
   3. /a/ parting with, letting go of, sparing; abandoning, giving up. 4. /a/ killing, murdering. 5. /a/ acting pitilessly towards; bringing o.s. to harm (s.o.). 6. hi performing (a marriage). — makinesi meat grinder, meat chopper. — tahtası chopping board.
kıymak 1: /ı/ to cut up finely, mince. 2. /a/ to part with, let go of, spare; to abandon, give up. 3. /a/ to kill, murder. 4. /a/ to act pitilessly towards; to bring o.s. to harm (s.o.).
   5.     h! to perform (a marriage), kıymalı prepared/filled with ground meat, kıymalık (meat) suitable for grinding up. kıymet, -ti value, worth. — artışı increase in value, appreciation. — biçmek /a/ to value (s.t.) at (a certain amount of money), —ini
                                                                                                                 kız
   bilmek Iml to value, appreciate, realize the worth of. —ten düşmek to depreciate, fall in value. — koymak (— takdir etmek) /a/ to value/appraise/assess (s.t.) at (a certain amount of money). — üzerinden ad valorem, according to value. — vermek /a/ to value, attach importance to. kıymetlendirme increasing the value/worth of. kıymetlendirmek III to increase the value/ worth of, up the value of. kıymetlenme increasing in value, becoming more valuable, kıymetlenmek to increase in value, become more valuable, kıymetli valuable, precious. — evrak legal instrument, legal document; negotiable securities. — kâğıt form issued by the state for use as a legal instrument, kıymetsiz worthless, valueless, kıymetsizlik worthlessness, kıymettar valuable, precious, kıymık splinter, sliver, kıymıklanma splintering, kıymıklanmak to splinter, kız 1. girl. 2. daughter. 3. virgin, maiden. 4. playing cards queen, —lar ağası Ott. hist. chief black eunuch (in the sultan’s harem).
   —   alıp vermek (for two families) to intermarry. — almak /dan/ to acquire a daughter -in-law (from) (a certain family). — beşikte, çeyiz sandıkta, proverb One should start getting a girl’s trousseau ready while she’s still in the cradle. — çıkmak to turn out to be a virgin, —mı dövmeyen dizini döver. proverb (He/She who doesn’t beat his/her daughter will beat his/her knees.) Spare the rod and spoil the child. — evi naz evi. proverb (The house of a girl is a house of coyness.) Parents who wish to marry their daughter will make a show of reluctance when a suitor pays them a call. — evlat daughter. — gibi colloq. 1. girlish. 2. brand -new (thing). 3. shy (man). — ı gönlüne bırakırsan ya davulcuya varır/kaçar, ya zurnacıya. proverb (If young girls are left to their own devices, they will marry either the drummer or the piper.) If you let a young girl decide for herself whom she’ll marry, she’ll pick someone unsuitable. — istemek to ask a family to give (s.o.) their daughter as a bride. — kaçırmak 1. to kidnap a girl.
   2.  to elope with a girl. — kardeş sister, —i kısrağı ImJ colloq. (s.o.’s) wife, daughter, and all his female relations. — kilimi kilim woven by a nomad girl for her dowry. — kundakta, çeyiz sandıkta. (Kız kucakta, çeyiz bucakta.) proverb, see Kız beşikte, çeyiz sandıkta. — kurusu off. old maid, spinster. — lisesi girls’ high school. — oğlan (— oğlan kız) colloq. virgin, maiden. — ım sana söylüyorum, gelinim sen anla/dinle/ işit, colloq. (I am speaking to you, daughter; but I expect you, daughter-in-law, to under-
kızak
529
kızılötesi
   stand.) Since he/she couldn’t say this directly to her, he/she said it to someone else in the hope that she would listen in and get the message. — tarafı colloq. the bride’s family.
   —      ticareti white slave traffic. — vermek /a/ to give a girl in marriage (to), kızak 1. sled; sledge; sleigh; toboggan; bobsled. 2. runner (of a sled/a sleigh/a sledge).
   3. skid. 4. naut. stocks, ways; ground ways; sliding ways. 5. mech. way. —a çekmek /i/
   1. to put (a ship) on the stocks. 2. colloq. to put (s.o.) into a position with less authority, put (s.o.) on the shelf; to kick (s.o.) upstairs.
   3. colloq. to mothball, shelve, put (s.t.) in cold storage, —tan indirmek h! to launch (a ship). — yapmak (for a vehicle) to skid.
kizaklama skidding (of a vehicle), kizaklamak (for a vehicle) to skid, kızaklık joisting, floor framing, kızamık path, measles, rubeola. — çıkarmak to develop measles. — olmak to have measles.
kızamıkçık path. German measles, rubella, kızamıklı suffering from measles, measly, 'kızan 1. boy; lad, young man. 2. swashbuckling village youth, hell-raiser.
2kizan prov. heat; rut. —a gelmek (— olmak) to be in heat; to be in rut. kızarma 1. turning red, reddening. 2. blushing; flushing, becoming flushed. 3. frying, being fried. 4. toasting, being toasted. 5. roasting, being roasted. 6. glowing (of coals), kızarmak 1. to turn red, redden. 2. to blush; to flush, become flushed. 3. to fry, be fried. 4. to toast, be toasted. 5. to roast, be roasted.
   6. (for coals) to glow, kızarıp bozarmak (for s.o.’s face) to go all shades of red (from anger/embarrassment), kızarmış ekmek toast.
kızartı 1. red place, red spot (on the skin). 2. erythema.
kızartma 1. frying. 2. toasting. 3. roasting. 4.
   (a) fried food. 5. fried, kızartmak hi 1. to fry. 2. to toast. 3. to roast, kızböceği, -ni (/...) zool. dragonfly, Libellula. kızböcekleri, -ni (/....) zool. Odonata. kızdırılma 1. being angered. 2. being made red -hot.
kızdırılmak 1. to be angered. 2. to be made red-hot.
kızdırma 1. angering, making (s.o.) angry. 2.
   making (s.t.) red-hot. 3. prov. fever, kızdırmak hi 1. to anger (s.o.), make (s.o.)
   angry. 2. to make (s.t.) red-hot. kızgın 1. red-hot, red or glowing with heat.
   2. angry. 3. estral, in heat; in rut. — bulut cloud of volcanic smoke and ashes. — dam prov. Turkish bath. — kızgın angrily.
kızgınlaşma 1. getting angry. 2. becoming red -hot.
kızgınlaşmak 1. to get angry. 2. to become red -hot.
kızgınlık 1. anger. 2. rut; heat. 3. being red
    -hot. — devresi period of heat/rut, estrus. kızıl 1. red. 2. path, scarlet fever, scarlatina. 3. colloq. (a) communist, (a) red. 4. colloq. completely, utterly, as ... as they come. 5. prov. golden, gold. — başlı örümcekkuşu zool. woodchat shrike, Lanius senator. — cahil colloq. as ignorant as they come, —a çalmak colloq. to verge on red. — deli/diva-ne colloq. raving lunatic. — doru sorrel, bay (horse). — erik fırtınası storm occurring in the last week of July. — iblis colloq. veritable fiend, hellhound. — karaman a fat-tailed sheep. — kıyameti koparmak colloq. to raise a hell of a row. — saçlı redheaded. Kızıl Adalar see Prens Adaları, kızılağaç (./..) bot. alder, Alnus. kızılaltı, -m (./..) infrared.
Kızılay (./.) the Red Crescent, kızılca reddish. — kıyamet colloq. frightful row. — kıyameti koparmak colloq. to raise a hell of a row. kızılcık 1. cornelian cherry (fruit). 2. bot. cornelian cherry, Cornus mas. 3. bot. red dogwood, Cornus sanguinea. — sopası 1. stick made of cornelian cherry. 2. colloq. hiding, caning, birching. — sopası yemek colloq. to get a caning/a birching, kızılcıkgiller bot. Cornaceae.
Kizildeniz (..'..) the Red Sea.
 Kızılderili (./...) (an) (American) Indian, (an) Amerindian, Brit (a) Red Indian.
Kızılelma (./..) 1. a Pan-Turanian utopia. 2. Ott.
    hist. Rome. 3. Ott. hist. Vienna, kizilgerdan (./..) zool. European robin, robin redbreast, Erithacus rubecula. kızılgeyik (./..) zool. red deer, Cervus elaphus. kızılgöz (./.) zool. roach, Rutilus rutilus. Kızılhaç (./.) the Red Cross, kızılırmak (./..) slang slaughterhouse, kızılışı (./..) the hottest days of the year (which come in early August), kızılkanat (./..) zool. rudd, redeye, Scardinius erythrophthalmus. kizilkantaron (./...) bot. purple gentian, Gen-tiana purpurea. kizilkantarongiller (./.....) bot. Gentianaceae. kizilkeklik (./..) zool. red-legged partridge, Alectoris rufa. kızılkök, -kü (./.) bot. madder, Rubia tinctorum. kızılkuyruk (./..) zool. redstart, brantail, Phoe-nicura phoenicura. kızıllaşma 1. turning red. 2. colloq. turning into a communist; going communist, kızıllaşmak 1. to turn red. 2. colloq. to turn into a communist; to go communist, kızıllık 1. redness. 2. redness (in the sky before the sun rises or after it sets); alpenglow. 3. colloq. being a communist/a red. kızıllıkotu, -nu (../..) bot. comfrey, Symphytum. kızılmak /a/ impersonal passive to get angry (at).
Kızılordu (./..) the Red Army, kızılötesi, -ni (./...) infrared.
kızılsöğüt
530
kifayet
kızılsöğüt (./..) bot. red willow, Salix rubra. kızılşahin (./—.) zool. long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus. kızılşap, -pi (./.) 1. lilac, the color lilac. 2.
    lilac, lilac-colored, kızıltı reddish gleam/glow, kızılyaprak (./..) bot. common agrimony, Agrimonia eupatoria. kizilyara (./..) prov., path, carbuncle caused by anthrax, kızılyıldız (./..) astr. Mars, kızılyonca (./..) bot. red clover, Trifolium pratense.
kızılyörük (./..) prov., path, erysipelas, St. Anthony’s fire, kızışık fierce, vehement, heated, kızışma 1. (of talk/a fight) becoming fierce/ heated. 2. beginning to fight/struggle fiercely.
    3. (of an activity) becoming lively/violent.
    4. (of the sun) becoming fiercely hot; beating down fiercely. 5. (of rotting vegetation) beginning to give off heat. 6. going into rut.
kızışmak 1. (for talk/a fight) to become fierce/ heated. 2. to begin to fight/struggle fiercely.
    3. (for an activity) to become lively/violent.
    4. (for the sun) to become fiercely hot; to beat down fiercely. 5. (for rotting vegetation) to begin to give off heat. 6. to go into rut.
kızıştırma hi 1. increasing the fury/violence of; livening up, enlivening. 2. getting (people) worked up, inciting, egging on. 3. making (s.t.) red-hot. kızıştırmak hi 1. to increase the fury/violence of; to liven up, enliven. 2. to get (people) worked up, incite, egg on. 3. to make (s.t.) red-hot.
kizkalbi, -ni (/..) bot. bleeding heart, Dicentra. kızkuşu, -nu (/..) zool. lapwing, pewit, Vanellus vanellus.
kızlık girlhood, maidenhood, virginity. — adı colloq. maiden name. — zarı anat. hymen, maidenhead, kızma 1. getting angry. 2. (of s.t. being heated) getting hot. 3. going into heat/rut. 4. (of a hen) getting broody, kızmak 1. to get angry. 2. (for s.t. being heated) to get hot. 3. to go into heat/rut. 4. (for a hen) to get broody, kızmemesi, -ni (/...) colloq. 1. grapefruit. 2. a kind of peach, ki 1. who; which; that: bir çocuk ki çok yaramaz a child who’s very naughty. Anlaşıldı ki bu işi o yapmış. It’s become clear that he’s the one who did this. Sanmam ki gelsin. I don’t think he’ll come. Bir şey yapmadım ki pişmanlık duyayım. I haven’t done anything that I should feel sorry about. 2. so ... that; such ... that: Öyle ucuz ki herkes alabilir. It’s so cheap that everyone can afford it. 3. —what do you know! —, —would you believe it?—; —son of a gun! —: Eve geldim ki kapı duvar. I came home, but— would you believe it?—nobody answered the
   door. Elimi cebime attım ki mangiz nanay.
   I felt in my pocket for it, but—son of a gun!—the dough wasn’t there. 4. seeing that, considering that: Adam üşümüş ki paltosunu giymiş. The man must have been cold, seeing that he put on his coat. 5. as, though: Cevap vermeseydi bile — ki verdi— iş olacağına varırdı. Even if he hadn’t made a reply—though he did—the thing wouldn’t have turned out any differently. 6. when: Henüz uykuya dalmıştım ki, bir patlama oldu. I’d just dropped off to sleep when something exploded. 7. ..., I wonder?: Bilmem ki ne yapsam? What should I do, I wonder? 8. indicates frustration/disapproval/ doubt/anxiety: O bana inanmaz ki! She will not believe me, so why should I talk with her? Ama bana verirler mi ki? But will they actually give it to me, I wonder? 9. used for emphasis: Öyle .güzel ki! It’s more beautiful than I can say! Öyle bir para döktü ki! He spent money like it was going out of style! Araba ki ne araba! It’s a car and a half!/It’s some car! kibar 1. well-bred, refined. 2. tasteful, correct (thing).
kibarca (./.) in a refined manner, politely, kibarlaşma becoming refined (in one’s manners).
kibarlaşmak to become refined (in one’s manners).
kibarlık 1. breeding, refinement. 2. polite word/ action, (üstünden/paçalarından) — akmak colloq. to be overly refined, be pretentiously polite. — budalası colloq. overly/pretentiously polite person; unrefined person who tries to act refined. — düşkünü colloq. overly polite, stuffily polite. — etmek to do a polite thing, behave politely. — taslamak colloq. to pretend to be refined, kibir, -bri 1. haughtiness, arrogance. 2. pride, —ine dokunmak /ml colloq. to wound (s.o.’s) pride, —ine yedirememek h! colloq. for one’s pride not to let one (do s.t.). kibirlenme becoming haughty/arrogant, kibirlenmek to become haughty/arrogant, kibirli 1. haughty, arrogant. 2. proud, kibirlilik 1. haughtiness, arrogance. 2. pride, kibirsiz modest, unassuming, kibrit, -ti 1. (friction/safety) match. 2. formerly sulfur. — çakmak to strike a match.
   —      çöpü matchstick. — kutusu matchbox, kibritçi 1. match seller. 2. colloq. stingy, miserly, kibutz kibbutz.
kifaf (.—) obs. just enough food to tide one over, —i nefs etmek to eat just enough to tide one over, kifaflanma /la/ managing to survive (on), scraping by (on), kifaflanmak /la/ to manage to survive (on), scrape by (on), kifayet, -ti (.—.) sufficiency. — etmek 1. to
 kifayetli
    be enough, suffice. 2. /la/ colloq. to be satisfied (with), be contented (with), kifayetli (.— ..) enough, sufficient, adequate, kifayetsiz (.—..) insufficient, inadequate, kifayetsizlik (.—...) insufficiency, inadequacy, inadequateness, kik, -ki 1. naut. gig. 2. slang (person’s) nose, schnozzle, snout, kikirik colloq. 1. tall and skinny. 2. bean pole, tall and lanky person, kikla (/.) zool. ballan, ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta. kiklon cyclone, kiklotron cyclotron, kil clay, argillaceous earth, kile kileh (a dry measure roughly equaling a bushel), kiler pantry, larder, kilerci pantryman, larderer. kilermeni Armenian bole (earth), kilim kilim (a pileless carpet). —i kebeyi sermek /a/ colloq. to settle down (in a place), kilimci seller/maker of kilims. — ile kör hacı colloq. anybody at all, any old so-and-so. kilimcilik making/selling kilims. kilise (./.) church (building or body of believers). — direği gibi joc. thick (neck), kilit 1. lock; padlock. 2. clevis, shackle. 3. linchpin. — altında colloq. under lock and key.
   —      altına almak /ı/ colloq. to lock up, put under lock and key. — dili bolt of a lock, (ağzı) — gibi colloq. (s.o.) who won’t tell a secret, tight-lipped. — gibi olmak colloq. to be hand in glove, be hand and glove, be thick as thieves. — köprüsü strike plate. — kürek olmak /a/ colloq. to guard, look after (a place). — i küreği olmamak colloq. (for things/a place) to be left unguarded, not to be left locked up. — noktası colloq. 1. key person. 2. key position, key point. — taşı arch., see kilittaşı. — vurmak /a/ colloq. 1. to lock (a door). 2. to attach a lock (to). 3. to close down (a business). — yeri colloq. key position, key point, kilitçi locksmith.
kilitleme 1. hi locking. 2. /i, a/ locking up (s.t./ s.o.) in (a place). 3. hi dovetailing; interlocking (the two pieces of a joint). — aygıtı locking device. — somunu locknut. kilitlemek 1. hi to lock. 2. /i, a/ to lock up (s.t./s.o.) in (a place). 3. hi to dovetail; to interlock (the two pieces of a joint), kilitlenme 1. being locked. 2. being locked up.
    3.    being dovetailed; being interlocked, kilitlenmek 1. to be locked. 2. to be locked up.
    3.    to be dovetailed; to be interlocked, kilitletme /ı, a/ having (s.o.) lock (s.t.); having (s.o.) lock (s.o.) up. kilitletmek h, a/ to have (s.o.) lock (s.t.); to have (s.o.) lock (s.o.) up. kilitli 1. locked. 2. provided with a lock. 3.
    dovetailed; interlocked, kilitsiz 1. lacking a lock, without a lock. 2. un-
 531                                                 xkim
    locked. — küreksiz colloq. unlocked, open, kilittaşı, -m (./..) arch, keystone, kiliz rush, reed.
kilizbalığı, -m (./...) zool. tench, Tinea tinea. kilizman reedbed, reedy area, kilizmen see kilizman, killi clayey, argillaceous, kilo (/.) kilo, kilogram. — almak 1. to put on weight. 2. slang to laugh. — vermek to lose weight.
kilobayt, -ti (/..) comp, kilobyte, kilobit, -ti (/..) comp, kilobit, kilogram kilogram, Brit, kilogramme, kilogramkuvvet, -ti (../..) kilogram-force. kilogrammetre (.../.) kilogram-meter. kilohertz (/..) kilohertz, kilojul, -lü (.'..) kilojoule. kilokalori (/....) kilocalorie. kiloluk (/..) (s.o./s.t.) that weighs (so many) kilos.
kilometre (../.) kilometer, Brit, kilometre. — açmak slang (for a taxi driver) to keep all of his earnings for himself (instead of giving them to his boss). — doldurmak slang to kill time. — kare square kilometer. —■ saati/ sayacı 1. speedometer, odometer. 2. taximeter. — taşı stone showing the kilometers to a given point, kilosikl kilocyle. kiloton (/..) kiloton.
kilovat, -ti kilowatt. — saati kilowatt-hour.
kilovolt, -tu kilovolt.
kils obs. lime, caustic lime.
kilsi (.—) obs. calcareous.
kilükal, -li (—'.—) obs. gossip.
kilüs (/.) physiol, chyle. — damarları anat.
    chyliferous vessels.
‘kim 1. who. 2. whoever, —in arabasına binerse onun türküsünü çağırır, colloq. (He’ll/ She’ll sing the tune of whoever gives him/ her a ride.) He’s/She’s a self-seeking sycophant. —in ki bağı var, yüreğinde dağı var. proverb (Whoever has a vineyard or a sweetheart has a brand in his/her heart.) 1. A person \yith possessions is afraid that he/she will lose them. 2. A person with possessions is free from worry. 3. A person whose beloved is far away suffers anxiety. ... kim, ... kim. shows a woeful lack of s.t.: O kim, dürüstlük kim. He doesn’t have an honest bone in his body. O kim, öğretmenlik kim. He doesn’t know the first thing about teaching.
    —  kime, dum duma. colloq. It’s so chaotic that nobody notices/cares what anybody else is doing. — i kimsesi An/ colloq. relatives.
    —e ne? colloq. What does it matter to anyone? —e niyet, kime kismet, colloq. The person for whom something is intended may not always be the person who gets it in the end. — o? Who’s there?/Who is it? — olursa olsun, colloq. It doesn’t matter who he/ she is!/There’ll be no exceptions! — oluyor! colloq. Just who does he/she think he/she is?
  1
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 2kim                                             532
   —   vurduya gitmek colloq. to be killed/ wounded (in a brawl/a riot/a shoot-out) by an unknown hand.
2kim archaic form of ki. kimdenlik portion of a motion picture which contains the credits, kimesne archaic form of kimse, kimi, -ni l. some; some people; some things.
   2. some, a number of. —miz some of us.
   —si some of it; some of them; some people, —nin devesi, kiminin duası, proverb, see Kiminin parası, kiminin duası, —ne hay hay, kimine vay vay. proverb l. What gladdens some will sadden others. 2. Fate deals kindly with some and harshly with others.
   —   kez sometimes. — köprü bulamaz geçmeye, kimi su bulamaz içmeye, proverb Some people can’t find a bridge to cross the water; others can’t find enough water to drink, —nin parası, kiminin duası, proverb People pay you for your services in various ways: the wealthy give you their money, and the poor give you their prayers of thanksgiving. — zaman sometimes.
                                                                kimlik l. identity. 2. identity card. — i açığa çıkmak/anlaşılmak/belli olmak to show one’s true colors, show what one is really like. — belgesi/cüzdanı/kartı identity card, kimono (./.) kimono.
kimse 1. someone, somebody. 2. anyone, anybody. 3. (/.) (with a negative verb) nobody, no one. —nin ahi kimsede kalmaz, proverb The laments of the oppressed will call down judgment upon their oppressors. — ayranım ekşi demez, proverb, see Kimse yoğurdum ekşi demez. — bilmez, kim kazana kim yiye, proverb You can’t know for sure who will get the wealth you may leave behind you when you die. — kendi memleketinde peygamber olmaz/olmamış, proverb (Nobody is a prophet in his own country.) The people in your home town will not appreciate your talents as much as strangers will. — kimsenin çukurunu doldurmaz, proverb (Nobody can fill another’s grave.) Nobody can die in place of another; since death is not a matter of choice but of fate, —den kimseye hayır yok/gelmez. proverb You should rely on yourself, for others may let you down. — kimsenin kısmetini/rızkını yemez, proverb You won’t be allowed to have something which fortune has allotted to another. — yoğurdum ekşi demez, proverb (No one calls his/her own yogurt sour.)
   A person always praises what he/she himself/ herself has made/done, —si yok. He/She has no friend or relative he/she can turn to. kimsecik (/..) nobody at all, not a soul: Kimsecikler yok. There’s not a soul here, kimsesiz (/..) 1. (s.o.) who has no one, who has no living relatives or friends. 2. empty, forlorn. — çocuklar homeless children, children living on the streets.
kiniş
                                                                  kimsesizlik (/...) having no living relatives or friends, kimüs (/.) physiol, chyme, kimya (.—) 1. (the science of) chemistry. 2. colloq. rare and precious thing. — fakültesi department of chemistry (in a university).
    —   harbi see kimyasal savaş. — mühendisi chemical engineer. — mühendisliği chemical engineering. — sanayii chemical industry. — tedavisi med. chemotherapy.
 kimyaca (.—'.) chemically, kimyacı (.—.) 1. chemist. 2. colloq. teacher of chemistry.
 kimyacılık (.— ..) 1. being a chemist. 2. the work of a chemist, kimyadoğrulumu, -nu (.—'....) bot. chemo-tropism. kimyager (.—.) chemist.
                                                                 'kimyagerlik (.— ..) 1. being a chemist. 2. the work of a chemist, kimyagöçümü, -nü (.— '...) biol. chemotaxis. kimyasal (.—.) chemical. — bileşim chemical compound. — eşdeğer chemical equivalent.
    —   işlem chemical treatment. — kirlilik chemical pollution. — madde (a) chemical.
    —   öğe chemical element. — sağaltım med. chemotherapy. — savaş chemical warfare. — silah chemical weapon.
 kimyevi (..—) chemical, kimyon bot. cumin, Cuminum cyminum. kimyoni (.-------) 1. sage green (color). 2. col-
    loq. uncordial, lacking in warmth (relationship).
 kimyonlu containing cumin, flavored with cumin.
 kin ill will; resentment; rancor. — bağlamak /a/ to develop a grudge (against). — beslemek/gütmek/tutmak /a/ to nurse a grudge (against), harbor ill will (towards). — tutmaz (s.o.) who doesn’t nurture grudges, unvin-dictive.
 kinaye (.—.) 1. allusion, indirect remark; innuendo, insinuation. 2. using an expression in both a literal and a figurative sense. 3. word/ expression used in both a literal and a figurative sense, kinayeli (.— ..) 1. allusive; insinuating. 2. (word/ expression) used in both a literal and a figurative sense, kinci (s.o.) who nurses grudges, vindictive; resentful.
 kincilik nursing of grudges, vindictiveness; resentfulness, kindar see kinci, kindarlık see kincilik.
 kinematik 1. kinematics. 2. kinematic, kinemati-cal.
 kinetik 1. kinetics. 2. kinetic. — enerji kinetic energy.
                                                                  kinik phil. 1. Cynic, of the Cynics. 2. (a) Cynic, kinin 1. quinine. 2. slang a “Köylü” cigarette.
    —      sülfatı sulfate of quinine, kiniş tenon.
kinizm
533
kireçleşme
kinizm phil. Cynicism.
kinlenme /a/ 1. developing a grudge (against).
   2.    nursing a grudge (against), harboring ill will (towards), kinlenmek /a/ 1. to develop a grudge (against).
   2. to nurse a grudge (against), harbor ill will (towards).
kinli full of ill will, resentment, or rancor, kip, -pi 1. gram. mood. 2. log., phil. mode. 3. type.
kipe gymnastics kip. kiplik log., phil. modality, kipörnek (/..) stenciling ruler; stenciling pattern.
                                                                  kir dirt, filth. — fitili roll of dirt or dead skin (rubbed from the body). — götürmek colloq.
   1.     not to show dirt. 2. h! to be filthy, be covered with dirt. — i kabarmak for the dirt in (one’s) skin to come to the surface (when the skin is rubbed/scratched). — kaldırmak colloq. not to show dirt. — tutmak colloq. to show dirt easily, get dirty quickly, kira (.—) 1. renting, Brit, letting (a house, apartment, office, etc.); renting, Brit, hiring (a car, boat, horse, machine, etc.); leasing; chartering (a boat, bus, plane, etc.). 2. rent (money). — bedeli rent (money). — evinde oturmak (— ile oturmak) to live in a rented flat/house. — ile tutmak /i/ to rent. — kontratı/mukavelesi lease, rental contract, —da olmak 1. (for a house, apartment, office, etc.) to be rented, Brit, be let; (for a car, boat, horse, machine, etc.) to be rented, Brit, be hired; to be leased. 2. colloq. to be/ live in a rented place, be in or occupy rented quarters, —da oturmak to live in a rented flat/house. — sözleşmesi lease, rental contract. —ya vermek /ı, a/ to rent, Brit, let (a house, apartment, office, etc.) (to); to rent, Brit, hire (a car, boat, horse, machine, etc.) (out) (to); to lease (s.t.) (to), kiracı (.—.) 1. renter; lessee; tenant. 2. person who hires out horses/donkeys. — nin kiracısı subtenant, undertenant, kiracılık (.— ..) being a renter/a lessee/a tenant, kiralama (.—..) 1. /ı, a/ renting, Brit, letting (a house, apartment, office, etc.) (to); renting, Brit, hiring (a car, boat, horse, machine, etc.) (out) (to); leasing (s.t.) (to). 2. /i, dan/ renting (a house, apartment, office, etc;) (from); renting, Brit, hiring (a car, boat, horse, machine, etc.) (from); leasing (s.t.) (from); chartering (a boat, bus, plane, etc.) (from), kiralamak (.—..) 1. /i, a/ to rent, Brit, let (a house, apartment, office, etc.) (to); to rent, Brit, hire (a car, boat, horse, machine, etc.) (out) (to); to lease (s.t.) (to). 2. /i, dan/ to rent (a house, apartment, office, etc.) (from); to rent, Brit, hire (a car, boat, horse, machine, etc.) (from); to lease (s.t.) (from); to charter (a boat, bus, plane, etc.) (from), kiralanma (.— ..) 1. /a/ (of a house, apartment, office, etc.) being rented, Brit, being let (to);
    (of a car, boat, horse, machine, etc.) being rented (out) (to), Brit, being hired (out) (to); (of s.t.) being leased (to). 2. /dan/ (of a house, apartment, office, etc.) being rented (from); (of a car, boat, horse, machine, etc.) being rented, Brit, being hired (from); (of s.t.) being leased (from); (of a boat, bus, plane, etc.) being chartered (from), kiralanmak (.— ..) 1. /a/ (for a house, apartment, office, etc.) to be rented, Brit, be let (to); (for a car, boat, horse, machine, etc.) to be rented (out) (to), Brit, be hired (out) (to); (for s.t.) to be leased (to). 2. /dan/ (for a house, apartment, office, etc.) to be rented (from); (for a car, boat, horse, machine, etc.) to be rented, Brit, be hired (from); (for s.t.) to be leased (from); (for a boat, bus, plane, etc.) to be chartered (from), kiralayan (.— ..) renter, lessor, kiralık (.—.) 1. (house, apartment, office, etc.) for rent, Brit, to let. 2. (car, boat, horse, machine, etc.) for rent, Brit, for hire. 3. rented (house, apartment, office, etc.); rented, Brit, hired (car, boat, horse, machine, etc.); leased, chartered (boat, bus, plane, etc.). — kadm prostitute. — kasa safe-deposit box (rented from a bank). — katil hired assassin, hired gun. — kız prostitute, kiraz cherry. — ağacı bot. cherry tree, Prunus avium. — ayı prov. 1. May. 2. June. — biberi prov. inedible decorative pepper. — dudaklı colloq. with full, red lips, kirazelmasi, -m (./...) 1. cherry apple, Siberian crab apple. 2. bot. Siberian crab apple tree, Malus baccata. kirazeriği, -ni (./...) bot. cherry plum, myrob-alan, Prunus cerasifera. kirazlık 1. cherry orchard. 2. place abounding in cherry trees, kirde prov. a thin bread made of cornmeal. kireç (slaked/unslaked) lime. — gibi colloq. deathly pale; very white. — gibi olmak colloq. to turn pale. — harcı mortar made of slaked lime and sand. — kuyusu lime pit.
    —      ocağı limekiln. — söndürmek to slake lime. — suyu limewater. — tavası large wooden trough in which lime is slaked, kireççi 1. lime burner. 2. lime seller, kireççil bot. calcicolous, calcicole, calciphile, calciphilic, calciphilous, kireçkaymağı, -ni (./...) bleaching powder, chloride of lime, kireçleme h/ 1. liming; adding lime (to). 2.
    whitewashing, kireçlemek /if 1. to lime; to add lime (to). 2. to whitewash, kireçlenim calcification, kireçlenme 1. calcification. 2. calcinosis. 3. being limed; getting caked with lime. 4. being whitewashed, kireçlenmek 1. to calcify. 2. to be limed; to get caked with lime. 3. to be whitewashed, kireçleşme 1. calcification. 2. calcinosis.
kireçleşmek
 534
 kişi
kireçleşmek to calcify, become calcified, kireçli limy, calcareous; mixed with lime. — su 1. limewater. 2. hard water, kireçlik 1. lime pit. 2. (region) abounding in limestone.
kireçsever bot. calcicolous, calcicole, calciphile, calciphilic, calciphilous, kireçsevmez bot. calcifuge, calcifugous, calci-phobe, calciphobic, calciphobous. kireçsilemek hi chem. to calcine, kireçsiz 1. (s.t.) that has no lime/calcium in it.
   2.     soft (water), kireçsizleşme decalcification, becoming decalcified.
kireçsizleşmek to be decalcified, kireçsizleştirme decalcification, decalcifying, kireçsizleştirmek hi to decalcify, kireçsütü, -nü (./..) whitewash, mixture of lime and water, kireçtaşı, -nı (./..) limestone, kireçyeren bot. calcifuge, calcifugous, calci-phobe, calciphobic, calciphobous. kiremit clay roofing tile. — ağızlığı arch, ante-fix. — fabrikası roofing-tile factory. — harmanı tile works, tilery. — kaplamak /a/ to tile, cover with roof tiles. — ocağı tile kiln.
   —      rengi tile red, brick red. — tozu mortar made of brick dust and lime, kiremitçi 1. tile maker. 2. tile seller. 3. tile layer, tiler.
kiremitçilik 1. tile making. 2. tile selling. 3.
   tile laying, tiling, kiremitli roofed with tiles, tiled.
Kiribati Kiribati (formerly the Gilbert Islands), kiriş 1. joist; beam; rafter; girder. 2. (catgut) string (of a musical instrument). 3. bowstring (of a shooting bow). 4. anat. tendon. 5. geom. chord. — i kırmak slang to take to one’s heels, make tracks, kirişçi maker/seller of catgut, kirişleme 1. hi stringing (a bow). 2. Ill drawing (a bowstring). 3. joisting, floor framing. 4. set on edge, edgewise, kirişlemek hi 1. to draw (a bowstring). 2. to string (a bow). 3. to joist, furnish with joists, kirişli 1. joisted. 2. anat. tendinous. — köprü girder bridge. — tavan trabeated ceiling, kirişlik suitable for use as a joist, kirizma (..'.) trenching (the soil); trench-plowing, subsoiling. — etmek III to trench; to trench-plow, subsoil, kirizmalama hi trenching; trench-plowing, subsoiling.
kirizmalamak hi to trench; to trench-plow, subsoil.
kirkit, -ti prov. loom reed, comb, kirlenme getting dirty, being soiled; becoming polluted, pollution; becoming contaminated, contamination, kirlenmek 1. to get dirty, be soiled; to become polluted/contaminated. 2. (for one’s honor) to be defiled/sullied. 3. to menstruate, have a period. 4. to be raped, be violated. 5. to
   have an involuntary emission of semen; to have a nocturnal emission, kirletici (a) pollutant; (a) contaminant, kirletme hi 1. dirtying, soiling; polluting; contaminating. 2. sullying, staining, blotting, besmirching (s.o.’s honor). 3. raping, violating.
kirletmek hi 1. to dirty, soil; to pollute; to contaminate. 2. to sully, stain, blot, besmirch (s.o.’s honor). 3. to rape, violate, kirli 1. dirty, soiled, filthy; polluted; contaminated. 2. blemished, sullied (honor). 3. (woman) who is having a period, menstruating. 4. dull, indistinct, gray (light). 5. dirty laundry, —ye atmak hi to put (dirty clothes) in the laundry bag/basket. — çamaşır 1. dirty clothes, dirty laundry. 2. colloq. dirty linen, misdeeds. — çamaşırlarını ortaya dökmek/ çıkarmak Iml colloq. to reveal (s.o.’s) misdeeds, wash (s.o.’s) dirty linen in public. — çıkı/çıkm colloq. wealthy miser. — hanım peyniri a soft white cheese. — kokoş colloq. filthy, smelly child. — sepeti dirty-clothes basket/hamper, dirty-laundry basket/hamper.
   —   sis smog.
kirlikan (./.) venous blood, kirlilik dirtiness, filthiness; pollution; contamination.
kirloz colloq. untidy and dirty, scruffy (person), kirman fortress, kirmen wool spindle.
kirpi zool. hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus. kirpibalığı, -ni (./...) zool. porcupine fish, Diodon hystrix. kirpik 1. eyelash. 2. biol. cilium. kirpikli biol. ciliate, ciliated, kirpikliler zool. Ciliata. kirpiksi ciliary, kirtil lobster pot, lobster trap, kirve man who acts as a sort of godfather to a boy at his circumcision, kispet, -ti leather pants worn by a greased wrestler. — çıkarılması the pulling off or tearing of these pants (regarded as the most degrading of defeats), kist, -ti path. cyst. — ameliyatı surg. cystectomy.
kisve 1. apparel, attire; garb, dress. 2. the garment worn by a pilgrim in Mecca. 3. kiswa, kiswah, the black cloth covering the Kaaba.
   4.    colloq. guise, semblance, assumed appearance. —si altmda colloq. under the guise of, in the guise of. —sini kendi dikmek/ ilmek colloq. to paddle one’s own canoe, kişi 1. person, human being. 2. theat. dramatis persona. 3. gram, person. — adılı gram, personal pronoun. — arkadaşından bellidir. proverb A person is known by the company he/she keeps. — dokunulmazlığı law personal inviolability, immunity from arrest/ prosecution. — eki gram, personal ending.
   —   ektiğini biçer. (Kişi ettiğini bulur.) proverb You reap what you sow. —nin kendine
 kişileştirme                                          535
   ettiğini kimse (âlem bir yere gelse) edemez.
   proverb A man is often his own worst enemy.
   —yi nasıl bilirsin? Kendin gibi, proverb (How do you understand others? As if they were you.) We usually imagine that the reactions of others will be the same as our own. — ne yaparsa kendine yapar.proverb You reap what you sow. — refikmdan azar. proverb A person is corrupted by his/her friends. — yi vezir eden de karısı, rezil eden de. proverb A good wife will help her husband reach the top; a bad wife will put her husband on the skids, kişileştirme lit. personification, kişileştirmek /ı/ lit. to personify, kişilik 1. personality. 2. individuality. 3. (sufficient) for (so many) persons. 4. prov. one’s best clothes, one’s best, one’s Sunday-go-to -meeting clothes. — özelliği personality trait, kişilikdışı, -ni (../..) phil. impersonal, kişilikli (s.o.) who has a distinctive personality;
   (s.o./s.t.) possessing style, kişiliksiz (s.o.) who lacks a distinctive personality; styleless. kişioğlu, -nu (./..) 1. a man, a human being. 2.
   highborn/well-bred person, kişisel personal. — bilgisayar personal computer.
kişiselci phil. 1. (a) personalist. 2. personalist, personalistic. kişiselcilik phil. personalism, personal idealism, kişizade (..— .) 1. highborn, of noble birth. 2.
   well-bred, refined, kişizadelik (..— ..) 1. being highborn, nobility.
   2.     refinement, kişmiş a tiny, seedless, black, raisin grape, kişneme neighing, whinnying, kişnemek to neigh, whinny, kişniş bot. coriander, Coriandrum sativum. — t şekeri coriander candy.
KİT (abbr. for Kamu İktisadi Teşekkülü) state -owned economic enterprise, kitabe (.—.) inscription, legend (on a building/ a monument); epitaph. — levhası 1. stone panel ready for inscription. 2. inscribed stone panel.
kitabet, -ti (.—.) 1. the art of writing well, rhetoric. 2. secretaryship, kitabevi, -ni (./..) bookstore, Brit, bookshop, kitabi (.------) 1. based on reading only, book-
    ish, book-learned. 2. stilted, bookish (rhetorical style). — konuşmak to talk bookish-ly; for one’s talk to reek of book learning, kitakse slang taking a gander at, having a look at. — etmek /a/ to take a gander at, have a look at, get a load of. kitap book. — deliliği bibliomania. — delisi bibliomaniac. — ehli People of the Book (often used by Muslims when speaking of Jews and Christians), —a el basmak to swear on the Koran. — gibi (karı) slang one hell of a good-looking (woman). — ı kapamak colloq. to drop out of school. — kurdu
                                                                                                              klavye
   bookworm (insect/person). K—ı Mukaddes the Bible. —a/—ma uydurmak /ı/ colloq. to find a way to make (s.t. illegal) look legal.
kitapçı 1. bookseller. 2. colloq. bookstore, kitapçılık bookselling.
kitaplık 1. bookcase, book shelves; bookstand, bookrack. 2. library. 3. (material) fit to be used in the printing/binding of a book, kitaplikbilim (../..) library science, kitapsarayi, -ni (./...) public library, kitapsever booklover, bibliophile, kitapsız 1. bookless, lacking books. 2. (a people) who do not accept the Koran/the Bible/ the Torah as their sacred book. 3. colloq. heathen; pagan, kitara (./.) see gitar, kitaraci (./..) see gitarist, kitin chitin.
kitle 1. mass, large block/chunk. 2. phys. mass.
   3.     crowd of people. —ler the masses. — hareketi mass action (of people). — iletişimi mass media, kitleme colloq., see kilitleme, kitlemek colloq., see kilitlemek, kitlenme colloq., see kilitlenme, kitlenmek colloq., see kilitlenmek, kitletme /i, a/ colloq., see kilitletme, kitletmek /i, a/ colloq., see kilitletmek, kitli colloq., see kilitli, kitre tragacanth.
'kivi zool. kiwi, Apteryx.
2kivi bot. kiwifruit, kiwi.
kiyanus chem. cyanogen.
kiyaset, -ti (.—.) obs. astuteness, cleverness.
kizir prov. village headman’s assistant.
KKK 1. (abbr. for Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanı) Commander of the Ground Forces. 2. (abbr. for Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı) Com-mandership of the Ground Forces.
K. Kuv. (abbr. for Kara Kuvvetleri) the Ground Forces, klakson (/.) auto. horn, klan sociol. clan, klapa (/.) tailor, lapel, klape clack valve, clapper valve, klark used in: — çekmek slang to reject, turn down, klarnet, -ti clarinet, klarnetçi clarinetist, klas colloq. first-rate, ace. klasik 1. (a) classic. 2. classic, classical, klasikleşme becoming a classic, klasikleşmek to become a classic, klasisizm classicism.
klasman sports rating, classifying (of teams), klasör 1. loose-leaf binder. 2. accordion file/ folder. 3. comp, folder, klavikord clavichord, klavsen harpsichord, klavsenci harpsichordist, klavye keyboard (of a musical instrument, typewriter, computer, etc.). —si kuvvetli colloq.
klavyeli                                             536
   good, skilled (typist, compositor, etc.). klavyeli (musical instrument) played using a keyboard: klavyeli çalgılar keyboard instruments.
kleptoman 1. (a) kleptomaniac, (a) cleptoma-niac. 2. kleptomaniac, cleptomaniac (person), kleptomani kleptomania, cleptomania, klik clique.
klima air conditioner. — cihazı see klima, klimalı air-conditioned, klimatolog climatologist, klimatoloji climatology, klinik 1. clinic. 2. clinical, klinometre (../.) clinometer, klips 1. clip, spring clip. 2. tie clip, klipsli furnished with a spring clip, clip-on.
   —      küpe clip-on earring, kliring com. clearing. — anlaşması clearing
   agreement (between two nations), klişe 1. print, cliche, plate. 2. cliche, phrase. 3.
   trite, hackneyed, klişeci print, plater; electrotyper; stereotyper. klişeleşme becoming a cliche, becoming hackneyed.
klişeleşmek to become a cliche, become hackneyed, klor chem. chlorine.
klordan chem. (a) chlordan, (a) chlordane. klorlama chlorination, klorlamak hi to chlorinate, klorlanma being chlorinated, klorlanmak to be chlorinated, klorlu chlorinated, klorofil bot. chlorophyll, chlorophyl. kloroform chem. chloroform, kloroplast, -ti bot. chloroplast. kloroz path, chlorosis, klorölçer (.'..) chlorometer. klostrofobi claustrophobia, kloş bell-shaped (skirt), klüz geog. mountain pass, gap, col. km. (abbr. for kilometre) km, km. (kilometer), koala (./.) zool., see keseliayi. koalisyon coalition. — hükümeti coalition government, kobalt, -ti chem. cobalt. — bombası cobalt bomb.
kobay zool. guinea pig, cavy, Cavia cobay a. kobaygiller zool. Caviidae. kobra (/.) zool. cobra, Naja. kobragiller (/...) zool. Elapidae.
*koca husband. — bulmak to find a husband.
   —na göre bağla başını, harcına göre pişir aşını, proverb You should cut your coat according to your cloth. — ya kaçmak (for a woman) to elope. — ya varmak (for a woman) to marry. — ya vermek hi to marry off (a woman).
                                                                    2koca 1. very big, very large. 2. great, grand, illustrious. 3. fully grown, adult; old, aged.
   —   bebek colloq. big baby (said of a spoiled child). — herif olmak colloq. (for a boy) to be fully grown. — oğlan colloq. bear.
                                                                                                                 kod
kocabaş 1. zool. hawfinch, Coccothraustes coc-cothraustes. 2. bot. beet, Beta. kocabaşı, -m (./..) hist, village headman (in Christian villages in Rumelia). kocakarı (./..) 1. vulg. old woman, hag. 2. slang old lady, mother. — ilacı folk remedy. — masalı colloq. old wives’ tale, nonsense. —-soğuğu colloq. a cold spell in mid-March, kocalak zool. Arabian kite, Milvus arabicus. kocalı (woman) who has a husband, married, kocalık 1. old age. 2. being a husband, kocalma prov. aging, growing old. kocalmak prov. to age, grow old. kocaltma hi prov. aging, put years on (s.o.). kocaltmak hi prov. to age, put years on (s.o.). kocama aging, growing old. kocamak to age, grow old. kocaman huge, enormous, kocamanca (../.) fairly huge, kocasız husbandless; widowed, kocasızlık being husbandless; widowhood, kocatma hi aging, putting years on (s.o.). kocatmak hi to age, put years on (s.o.). kocayemiş (./..) 1. bot. strawberry trze, Arbutus unedo. 2. fruit of the strawberry tree, kocuşma prov. embracing each other, kocuşmak prov. to embrace each other.
Koç, -çu astrol. Aries, the Ram.
’koç, -çu 1. ram. 2. colloq. strapping young man. —a boynuzu yük değil/olmaz, proverb (The horns aren’t heavy for the ram.) You don’t feel the weight of those responsibilities which you are used to bearing. — burunlu colloq. Roman-nosed. — katımı 1. mating of sheep. 2. mating season. — katımı fırtınası a storm occurring about the 20th of November. — yiğit colloq. strapping young man.
2koç, -çu sports trainer.
koçak prov. 1. strong and brave (man). 2. generous.
koçaklama 1. epical folk poem. 2. praise, koçaklamalı epical, epic, koçaklık prov. bravery, courage, koçan 1. (corn) cob. 2. stem/heart (of a leafy vegetable). 3. book of stubs/counterfoils, koçbaşı, -ni (.'..) battering-ram. koçboynuzu, -nu (/...) naut. cleat, koçkar large ram bred for fighting, koçlanma colloq. developing into a strapping youth.
koçlanmak colloq. to develop into a strapping youth.
koçmak hi prov. 1. to hug, embrace. 2. to cover, mate with.
koçu 1. hist, an enclosed, horse-drawn carriage for women. 2. raised crib, granary built up on poles.
koçyumurtası, -m (/....) ram’s testicles, mountain oyster.
kod 1. classificatory number/letter, code: alan kodu area code, Brit, dialling code, prefix, posta kodu zip code. 2. (figure indicating)
kodaman
537
kokulu
    elevation/altitude, kodaman colloq. 1. big cheese, big shot, bigwig. 2. influential, powerful, —lar the big shots, the bigwigs, kodamanlık colloq. being a big shot, kodein codeine, kodeks pharm. codex.
kodes slang jailhouse, the clink, the jug, the hoosegow; the pen. — e tıkmak III slang to throw (s.o.) in the clink, kodlama III see kotlama, kodlamak hi see kotlamak, kodoş slang pimp; fancy man. kof 1. hollow, empty inside. 2. colloq. ignorant; ineffectual; worthless. 3. colloq. weak (though appearing strong). — çıkmak colloq. to show o.s. to be ignorant/ineffectual/worthless.
kofa bot. rush, J uncus arabicus. kofana (./.) zool. (large) bluefish, Pomatomus saltator.
koflaşma 1. becoming hollow. 2. becoming ineffectual/worthless. 3. getting weak; losing one’s zest and energy, koflaşmak 1. to become hollow. 2. to become ineffectual/worthless. 3. to get weak; to lose one’s zest and energy, kofluk 1. hollowness. 2. hollow, hollow place.
    3.    ignorance; ineffectuality; worthlessness, kofti slang lie. koful vacuole, koğ prov., see kov. koğalama see kovalama, koğalamak hi see kovalamak, koğcu prov., see kovcu, koğculuk prov., see kovculuk, koğdurma /ı, a/ see kovdurma, koğdurmak /ı, a/ see kovdurmak, koğlama hi prov., see kovlama, koğlamak III prov., see kovlamak, koğma hi see kovma, koğmak hi see kovmak, koğulma see kovulma, koğulmak see kovulmak, koğuş any large room sleeping many people;
    dormitory; (hospital) ward, kok, -ku coke (fuel). — kömürü coke, koka (/.) bot. coca shrub, Erythroxylon. kokain cocaine, kokainoman cocaine addict, kokak prov. stinking, smelly, kokana (./.) see kokona. kokarca (./.) zool. 1. polecat, Mustela putorius.
    2.    skunk, Mephitis mephitis. kokart, -ti 1. mil. a brass emblem worn on a hat. 2. badge, emblem, koket, -ti (woman) who is very particular about her appearance; clothes-conscious. koketlik (of a woman) being very particular about her appearance; being clothes-con-scious.
koklama smelling, sniffing. — duyusu the sense of smell.
koklamak hi to smell, sniff. Koklayanın burnu düşer, colloq. It stinks something awful ./It smells to high heaven, koklaşma 1. sniffing each other. 2. kissing and fondling each other, necking, petting, koklaşmak 1. to sniff each other. 2. to kiss and fondle each other, neck, pet. koklatma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) sniff (s.t.). 2.
    slang giving (s.o.) a bit of. koklatmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) sniff (s.t.). 2.
    slang to give (s.o.) a bit of. koklatmama /ı, a/ slang not giving (s.o.) even a very tiny bit of (s.t.). koklatmamak /i, a/ slang not to give (s.o.)
    even a very tiny bit of (s.t.). kokma 1. smelling, having a smell. 2. stinking, having a bad smell. 3. showing signs of, reeking of, being redolent with, kokmak 1. to smell, have a smell. 2. to stink, have a bad smell. 3. to show signs of, reek of, be redolent with, kokmuş smelly, stinking, putrid-smelling, koko (.'.) coconut macaroon, kokona (./.) 1. colloq. overdressed and excessively made-up woman. 2. colloq. woman who’s very particular about her appearance or fastidious in her dress. 3. formerly (non -Muslim) woman, kokoniça (../.) 1. slang young girl. 2. formerly (non-Muslim) woman, kokoreç grilled sheep’s intestines, kokoroz 1. (Indian) corn (seed). 2. ear of (Indian) corn. 3. any long, pointed thing. 4. slang ugly (person), kokorozlanma slang becoming defiant/threat-ening.
kokorozlanmak slang to become defiant/threat-ening.
kokorozlu slang (woman) dressed fit to kill, kokot, -tu fast/loose woman, kokoz slang very hard up, broke, penniless, kokozlama slang becoming penniless, getting very hard up. kokozlamak slang to become penniless, get very hard up. kokozluk slang pennilessness, being broke, kokpit, -ti (/.) cockpit (in a plane), kokteyl 1. cocktail. 2. cocktail party, koku 1. smell, scent, odor. 2. perfume. 3. colloq. the tiniest bit of, a mote of. 4. slang cocaine, coke, —sunu almak Iml 1. to smell, detect (a scent/an odor). 2. colloq. to smell, detect the existence of: Paranın kokusunu aldım. I smell money. — almazlik anosmia. — su çıkmak colloq. for the reason behind (s.t.) to become apparent. — giderici deodorant.
    —     giderme deodorization. — maddesi (an) odorant. kokucu peddler of perfumes, kokulu 1. (s.t.) that has a smell. 2. sweet-smell-ing, sweet-scented, fragrant; perfumed. 3. smelly, stinking, malodorous. — çayır otu bot. timothy, Phleum pratense.
kokulukiraz
538
kolaylaştırma
kokulukiraz (../..) bot. mahaleb, St. Lucie cherry, Prunus mahaleb. kokusuz scentless, odorless, kokuşma smelling rotten/putrid, kokuşmak to smell rotten/putrid, kokuşuk 1. rotten-smelling, foul-smelling, smelly. 2. colloq. very lazy, kokutma 1. hi making (s.o./s.t.) smell. 2. hi letting (s.t.) spoil. 3. hi making (s.o./s.t.) stink. 4. breaking wind. 5. hi colloq. causing (a job) to lose its appeal, making (a job) drudgery.
                                                                     kokutmak 1. Ill to make (s.o./s.t.) smell. 2. hi to let (s.t.) spoil. 3. hi to make (s.o./s.t.) stink.
    4.    to break wind. 5. hi colloq. to cause (a job) to lose its appeal, make (a job) drudgery, kol 1. arm. 2. sleeve. 3. limb, large branch (of a tree). 4. crank. 5. handle; lever. 6. phys. arm. 7. neck (of a musical instrument). 8. strand (of a rope). 9. division, branch. 10. patrol. 11. club (in a school). 12. gang; troupe. 13. mil. column. 14. formerly wing (of an army). 15. side (direction). 16. butchery shank. 17. arm (of a chair). 18. anat. brachial, —larmi açmak /a/ colloq. to receive (s.o.) with open arms, —unda altm bileziği olmak colloq. to possess a profitable skill. — askısı med. sling. — atardamarı anat. brachial artery. — atmak colloq.
    1. (for a tree) to put forth branches. 2. to spread, extend. — bağı mil. brassard. — dayanağı armrest. — demiri iron bar (used to bar a door). — düğmesi cuff link. — emeği manual labor. — evi tailor, armhole, place where the sleeve joins the yoke. — gezmek
    1. (for a security force) to patrol an area. 2. colloq. (for a criminal) to prowl around or lurk in an area. — una girmek Iml to take (s.o.’s) arm. — u kanadı kırılmak colloq. to be left sitting high and dry (after losing one’s source/sources of support), have the rug pulled out from under one. — kanat olmak/ germek /a/ colloq. to take (s.o.) under (one’s) wing. — kapağı (shirt) cuff. — kemiği anat. humerus. — kırılır yen içinde, baş yarılır börk içinde, proverb (The arm breaks inside the sleeve; the head breaks inside the cap.) Private matters should remain private. — kola arm in arm. — kola girmek to link arms.
    —una kuvvet, colloq. Keep it up!/Keep up the good work! — nizamı mil. column. — saati wrist watch, —larmi sallaya sallaya gelmek colloq. to come without bothering to bring anything (as a gift). — lari/—larmi sıvamak colloq. to get ready to do something, roll up one’s sleeves. — tahtası sleeveboard. — uzatmak colloq. to spread, expand, branch out. — u uzun colloq. powerful and influential. — Vurmak to patrol; to wander around. — yormak colloq. to work hard.
                                                                      ’kola (/.) 1. starch, laundry starch. 2. starch paste. 3. starching (of clothes). — yapmak
    to starch clothes.
2kola (/.) 1. cola (any carbonated soft drink made with an extract derived from the kola nut). 2. bot. kola tree, Cola acuminata. — cevizi kola nut. kolacı (/..) 1. person who starches and irons clothes. 2. shop where starching and ironing is done.
kolacılık (.'...) the business of starching and ironing clothes, kolaçan colloq. look-over, quick inspection, survey (done covertly/unobtrusively). — etmek hi to have a quick look-see around (a place) (by walking); unobtrusively to survey (a place) (with one’s eyes), kolagiller (/...) bot. Sterculiaceae. kolağası, -ni (.'...) Ott. hist, an army officer who ranked above a captain and below a major, kolalama hi starching, kolalamak hi to starch, kolalanma being starched, kolalanmak to be starched, kolalatma /i, a/ having (s.o.) starch (s.t.). kolalatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) starch (s.t.). ’kolalı (/..) starched, starchy.
2kolali (/..) made with an extract derived from the kola nut. — içecek cola (any carbonated soft drink made with an extract derived from the kola nut), kolan 1. stout band/binding. 2. (saddle) girth, cinch, bellyband, surcingle. 3. binding (used to support the springs of an upholstered chair/couch). 4. rope (of a swing). — salıncağı a rope swing. — vurmak 1. /a/ to girth (a horse). 2. to pump a swing while standing up.
kolay 1. easy, simple. 2. easily. 3. easy way (to do s.t.). —da handy; within easy reach. — ı-na bakmak Iml colloq. to choose or look for the easiest way (of doing s.t.). —ını bulmak Iml colloq. to find an easy way to do (s.t.). — ma gelmek Iml colloq. to be easy/ convenient (for). — gelsin/gele! I hope it’s going smoothly./I hope it will go smoothly (said to s.o. who is either doing or planning to do a job). — ma kaçmak Iml colloq. to take the easy way out (of a difficulty). — kolay (with negative verbs only) easily, kolayca 1. fairly easy. 2. (./.) easily, kolaycacık (./..) colloq. very easily, kolaylama hi finishing most of (a job); finishing the hardest part of (a job), breaking the back of (a job).
kolaylamak hi to finish most of (a job); to finish the hardest part of (a job), break the back of (a job), kolaylanmak (for most of a job) to be finished; (for the hardest part of a job) to be over, (for a job) to become smooth sailing, kolaylaşma getting easy, kolaylaşmak to get easy, kolaylaştırıcı facilitative. kolaylaştırma l\l facilitating, easing, making
kolaylaştırmak
   (s.t.) simpler, kolaylaştırmak fil to facilitate, ease, make (s.t.) simpler.
kolaylık 1. easiness. 2. convenience, laborsaving device. 3. means/wherewithal to do something; (a) facility, —la easily. — göstermek /a/ 1. to make things easier for. 2. to give (s.o.) the chance/the means to accomplish something.
kolbaşı, -ni (/..) 1. mil. head of a column, head.
   2. formerly head (of a troupe of performers).
   3. foreman (of a group of construction workers).
kolböreği, -ni (/...) a pastry made of thin dough twisted into long rolls and filled with cheese or ground meat, kolcu 1. watchman, guard. 2. person who finds work for female domestic servants. — kadın formerly woman officially employed to inspect prostitutes, kolculuk being a watchman/a guard, kolçak 1. mitten. 2. sleevelet. 3. armband, armlet. 4. chair arm. koldaş work associate, colleague, koldaşlık colleagueship. koledok 1. choledoch, choledochal. 2. anat. cho-ledoch duct, choledochus, the common bile duct. — kanalı anat. choledoch duct, choledochus, the common bile duct, kolej formerly a high school giving special attention to the teaching of a foreign language, college-preparatory school, preparatory school, prep school, kolejli formerly student at a kolej, preppie. koleksiyon (a) collection (of objects), koleksiyoncu collector, one who is building up a collection, koleksiyonculuk collecting, being a collector, kolektif collective, joint. — ortaklık/şirket unlimited company; general partnership, kolektivist, -ti 1. (a) collectivist. 2. collectivist, collectivistic. kolektivizm collectivism, kolektör elec. collector, kolera (./.) path, cholera, koleralı (./..) infected with cholera, kolesterin cholesterin. kolesterol, -lii cholesterol, kolhoz kolkhoz.
koli (/.) parcel/package (that is mailed/shipped), kolibasil (/...) coli bacillus, colon bacillus, kolibri zool. hummingbird, ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris. kolibrigiller zool. Trochilidae. koliform coliform. — bakteriler coliform bacteria/bacilli, kolik used in: kolik asit biochem., chem. cholic acid.
kolit, -ti path, colitis.
kollama /ı/ 1. watching for, looking out for, being on the alert for. 2. protecting, looking after. 3. scanning, observing carefully, kollamak l\l 1. to watch for, look out for, be
539                                              koltuk
         on the alert for. 2. to protect, look after. 3. to scan, observe carefully, kollanma 1. being watched for. 2. being protected. 3. being observed, kollanmak 1. to be watched for. 2. to be protected. 3. to be observed, kollu 1. sleeved: kısa kollu short-sleeved. 2. (s.t.) that has (so many) arms/branches; armed; branched. 3. mil. of (so many) columns, -columned. 4. handled; (s.t.) that has (a specified type of) handle/crank: pirinç kollu kapılar doors with brass handles, 'kolluk 1. (attached/detachable) cuff. 2. armband, armlet. 3. sleevelet, sleeve-protector. 2kolluk formerly police. — kuvveti formerly police force, police department, kolodyum (./.) collodium, collodion, kolofonyum (../.) colophony, rosin, koloidal, -li colloid, colloidal, koloit colloid.
      kolokyum (./.) conference, meeting; colloquium.
      Kolombiya (./..) 1. Colombia. 2. Colombian, of Colombia.
      Kolombiyah (./...) 1. (a) Colombian. 2. Colombian (person), kolombiyum (./..) chem. niobium, columbium. kolon 1. print, column. 2. anat. colon. 3. riser, conduit (for electricity/water/gas). 4. speaker cabinet, koloni colony.
      kolonya (./.) cologne, eau de Cologne, kolordu (/..) army corps, koloridye (../.) zool. young chub mackerel, kolorimetre (.../.) colorimeter, kolorimetri (.../.) colorimetry, kolpo (.'.) 1. slang the right moment; chance, opportunity. 2. shot (in billiards). 3. slang trick, ruse, something funny. — ya düşmek/ gelmek slang to be taken in, be hoodwinked. —ya getirmek /ı/ slang to wait for or find the right time to do (s.t.). kolsal anat. brachial.
      Kol. Şrt. (abbr. for Kolektif Şirket) unlimited company; general partnership.
      Koltuk astr. Cassiopeia; Cassiopeia’s Chair, koltuk 1. armpit. 2. armchair. 3. colloq. flattery.
         4. colloq. out-of-the-way spot. 5. colloq. small, out-of-the-way shop. 6. arch, buttress.
         7. colloq. patronage, backing, pull. 8. slang brothel, whorehouse. 9. colloq. high position, important job. — altı 1. armpit. 2. colloq. patronage, backing, pull. — değneği crutch.
         —  değneğiyle colloq. with difficulty and with the help of others. — dersi Ott. hist. extracurricular lesson given in a madrasa on Tuesdays. — dirsek arch, corbel, console.
         —  a girmek (for the groom) to take the bride’s arm during the koltuk töreni, —una girmek Iml colloq. to put o.s. under (s.o.’s) protection. — halatı naut. mooring line.
         —lan kabarmak colloq. to swell with pride.
         —  kapısı servant’s entrance. — kavgası
koltukçu                                           540
    colloq. quarrel over who gets a desirable post. — meyhanesi cheap, standup bar.
    —ta olmak colloq. to be entertained at someone else’s expense. — una sığınmak Im/ colloq. to put o.s. under (s.o.’s) protection. — taşı arch, voussoir (placed next to the keystone). — töreni ceremony in which a groom sees the face of his bride for the first time. — vermek /a/ colloq. to flatter (s.o.) to his/her face, —a vermek hJ to give (the bride) to the groom during the koltuk töreni. — yastığı bolster, cushion (used as an armrest), koltukçu 1. maker/seller of armchairs. 2. seller of used furniture. 3. colloq. flatterer. 4. colloq. owner/operator of a cheap, standup bar. koltukçuluk 1. making/selling armchairs. 2.
    colloq. being a flatterer, koltuklama III 1. tucking (s.t.) under one’s arm.
    2. taking (s.o.’s) arm (to support him/her).
    3.    colloq. flattering; flattery, koltuklamak /ı/1. to tuck (s.t.) under one’s arm.
    2. to take (s.o.’s) arm (to support him/her).
    3.    colloq. to flatter, koltuklanma being flattered, koltuklanmak to be flattered, koltuklu (chair) that has arms.
koltukluk tailor, shield (sewn in the underarm of a garment), kolye (/.) necklace.
kolyoz zool. chub mackerel, Scomber colias. kolza (/.) bot. rape, Brassica napus. kom. (abbr. for komisyon) com. (commission, committee).
koma (/.) med. coma, —dan çıkmak to come out of a coma. — ya girmek 1. to go into a coma. 2. slang to be beside o.s. with rage, have a duck fit. 3. slang to be dumfounded.
    —ya sokmak hi slang to beat the daylights out of (s.o.). komak colloq., see koymak, komalık slang 1. enraged. 2. badly beaten up.
    3.    exhausted, beat. — etmek fil slang 1. to enrage (s.o.) greatly, cause (s.o.) to have a duck fit. 2. to beat the tar out of (s.o.). — olmak slang to be exhausted, be beat, komandit şirket, -ti limited partnership, special partnership; commandite, commandite partnership, komando (./.) commando, komar bot. Pontic rhododendron, Rhododendron ponticum.
kombinezon 1. slip (woman’s undergarment).
    2. arrangement, scheme, plan, komedi comedy, komedya (./.) see komedi, komedyacı (./..) see komedyen, komedyen 1. comedian; comedienne. 2. colloq. pseudo, fakey, artificial (person). 3. colloq. faker, phony, pseud, komi (/.) busboy.
komik 1. comical, funny. 2. comedian, comic, komikleşme becoming comical/funny.
                                                                                                    Kom. Şrt.
komikleşmek to become comical/funny, komiklik comical action/situation.
Kominform hist. Cominform.
Komintern hist. Comintern, Komintern. komiser 1. ranking police officer. 2. government inspector of firms. 3. government observer at public meetings, komiserlik 1. rank/duties of a ranking police officer or government inspector. 2. police station.
                                 komisyon 1. commission, committee. 2. percentage, commission; brokerage fee. — işi selling goods on commission, brokerage, komisyoncu commission agent, broker, middleman.
komisyonculuk being a commission agent, brokerage.
komita (./.) hist. Balkan revolutionary organization.
komitacı (./..) hist, komitadji, comitadji. komitacılık (./...) hist, underground revolutionary activity, komite committee.
komodin bedstand, nightstand, commode, komodor commodore.
Komor Adaları, -m the Comoro Islands. Komorlar (/..) the Comoros, komot chest of drawers, dresser, kompakt disk, -ki comp, compact disk, kompartıman compartment (in a railway passenger car).
kompas 1. calipers, caliper compass. 2. caliper rule. 3. mariner’s compass. 4. print, composing stick, kompetan expert, authority, komple (.'.) 1. filled up, full. 2. complete, full, entire; not deficient. — pansiyon full pension, full room and board, kompleks psych, complex, kompleksli psych, (person) who has a complex, komplikasyon med. complication, komplike complicated, kompliman 1. compliment. 2. flattery, komplo (/.) conspiracy, plot, complot. — kurmak to conspire, plot, complot. komplocu (/..) conspirator, plotter, complotter. kompost, -tu compost (fertilizer), komposto (./.) 1. stewed fruit, compote. 2.
   compost (fertilizer), kompozisyon 1. composing, arranging, composition. 2. art, mus. (a) composition. 3. composition, short essay, kompozitör mus. composer, komprador 1. running dog, lackey, comprador. 2. comprador, local agent for a foreign business.
kompres med. compress, kompresör mech. compressor, komprime pharm. tablet, komptiter mech. computer.
Kom. Şrt. (abbr. for Komandit Şirket) limited partnership, special partnership; commandite, commandite partnership.
komşu
komşu 1. neighbor. 2. neighboring, adjacent. — açılar geom. adjacent angles. — boncuğunu çalan gece takınır, proverb (He/She who steals his/her neighbor’s jewelry can wear it only at night.) Stolen goods can be used only when and where their real owner won’t see them. — ekmeği komşuya borçtur, proverb (The neighbor’s bread is a debt to the neighbor.) You must repay your neighbors for a kindness. — hakkı, Tanrı hakkı/hakkıdır. proverb (The obligations one owes a neighbor are the same as the obligations one owes to God.) If you treat your neighbors well, you fulfill your obligations to God. —nu iki inekli/öküzlü iste ki kendin bir inekli/ öküzlü olasın, proverb (A person should hope that his/her neighbor will have two cows so that he/she may have a cow himself/ herself.) Wish others well so that you too may prosper. — iti komşuya ürümez. proverb (A neighbor’s dog doesn’t bark at a neighbor.) A scoundrel may harm others, but he leaves his neighbors in peace. — kapısı colloq. a nearby place. — kapısına çevirmek hi colloq. to act as if (a far-off place) were nearby. — kızı almak, kalaylı kaptan/tastan su içmek gibidir, proverb (Marrying the neighbor’s daughter is like drinking water from a tin cup.) If you marry the neighbor’s daughter you know exactly what you’re getting. — komşunun külüne/tütününe muhtaçtır. proverb (A neighbor is in need of his/ her neighbor’s ashes.) Even in the smallest of matters one neighbor can help another. — olmak to become neighbors, —da pişer, bize de düşer, colloq. (It’ll be cooked at the neighbor’s house, and then we’ll get some.) Maybe we’ll benefit from our neighbor’s good fortune, —nun tavuğu komşuya kaz görünür, proverb (In the eyes of your neighbor your chicken is a goose.) The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence, komşuluk 1. being a neighbor. 2. neighborliness. — etmek (for neighbors) to be friendly with each other, komut, -tu 1. order, command. 2. comp, command; instruction. — vermek to issue a command.
komuta (./.) command, control, authority. — etmek /a/ to command, be in command of.
   —     zinciri chain of command, komutan 1. commander, commanding officer.
   2. high-ranking officer, komutanlık 1. commandership. 2. command post; command headquarters, komün commune, komünikasyon communication, komünist, -ti 1. (a) communist. 2. communist, komünistlik see komünizm, komünizm communism, komütatör elec. commutator, reversing switch, konak 1. mansion, large and imposing house.
   2. stopping place, place to spend the night
                                                                                     konfeksiyoncu
   (while traveling). 3. mil. bivouac, temporary encampment; billet. 4. (a) day’s journey. 5. scurf (on the head of a newborn baby). 6. biol. host. — gibi colloq. grand-looking (house). — yavrusu colloq. small mansion, konakçı 1. person in charge of housing for a group of tourists. 2. mil. officer in charge of bivouacking; quartering officer; billeting officer. 3. biol. host, konaklama 1. spending the night (on a journey).
   2. mil. bivouacking, encamping; billeting.
   —  tesisleri accommodations for travelers and tourists.
konaklamak 1. to spend the night (on a journey). 2. mil. to bivouac, encamp; to billet, konalga mil. position; emplacement, konalgalanmak mil. (for troops) to take up a position; (for artillery) to be emplaced. konar göçer 1. nomad. 2. nomadic, konca 1. bud, flower bud. 2. slang good-quality hashish.
konç leg (of a boot/a stocking), konçerto (./.) mus. concerto, konçlu 1. long (stockings); high (boots). 2. (stocking/boot) that has (a specified kind of) leg, -legged, konçsuz short (stockings); legless, kondansasyon chem. (the process of) condensation.
kondansatör condenser, capacitor, kondensasyon chem., see kondansasyon. kondisyon 1. condition. 2. physical fitness, kondom condom, kondu colloq., see gecekondu, kondurma 1. /ı, a/ making (a bird/an insect) alight upon. 2. /i, a/ tacking on, sticking on.
   3. /i, a/ accepting (that one is ...). 4. /i, a/ labeling (s.o.) a ..., putting (s.o.) down as a .... 5. /i, a/ suddenly landing (a blow) on; suddenly placing (a kiss) on. 6. Ill giving (a quick reply).
kondurmak 1. /ı, a/ to make (a bird/an insect) alight upon. 2. /i, a/ to tack on, stick on. 3. /i, a/ to accept (that one is ...): Hastalığı kendine kondurmuyor. He won’t accept that he’s ill. 4. /i, a/ to label (s.o.) a ..., put (s.o.) down as a ...: Cimriliği ona konduramazsın. You can’t call him a tightwad. 5. /i, a/ suddenly to land (a blow) on; suddenly to place (a kiss) on. 6. hi to give (a quick re-
   ply)-
kondüktör conductor (on a train), kondüvit, -ti theat. callboy. konfederasyon confederation, konfederatif confederal, confederative. konfedere confederated. K— Eyaletler hist, the Confederate States (of America), konfeksiyon 1. ready-made clothing, ready-to -wear clothing. 2. the ready-made clothing business/trade. — mağazası large store that specializes in ready-made clothing, konfeksiyoncu manufacturer/seller of ready -made clothing.
konfeksiyonculuk
542
kontratabla
konfeksiyonculuk making/selling ready-made clothing.
konferans 1. lecture. 2. (international) conference. — salonu lecture room/hall. — vermek to give a lecture, konferansçı lecturer, konfeti (./.) confetti.
konfirans used in: — vermek slang to vomit, throw up, barf, upchuck, toss one’s cookies, konfıgürasyon comp, configuration, konfor comforts, conveniences, konforlu equipped with conveniences or labor-saving devices, konformist, -ti 1. (a) conformist. 2. conforming, conformist, konglomera (../.) geol. conglomerate.
Kongo (/.) 1. the Congo. 2. Congo, Congolese, of the Congo.
Kongolu (/..) 1. (a) Congolese. 2. Congolese (person).
kongövde (/..) (tree) having a columnar, branchless trunk, kongre (/.) congress.
koni geom. cone. — hücreleri biol. cone cells, retinal cone cells, konik geom. 1. conic, conical. 2. conic section, konjenital congenital, konjonktiva anat. conjunctiva, konjonktür the economic situation (of a country); business cycles, konjonktürel cyclical. — dalgalanma business cycle, trade cycle, cyclical fluctuation, konka (/.) anat. concha, konkasör rock crusher, stone crusher, konkav concave.
konken cooncan, coon king, double rum. konkordato (../.) 1. law composition of debts.
    2.    concordat. 3. hist. concordat (involving the Papacy), konkur competition, contest, konkurhipik horse show, Brit, gymkhana; riding/equitation/manege competition; (equestrian) hurdle race; (equestrian) steeplechase, ’konma 1. /a/ staying for the night at. 2. /a/ mil. camping in; bivouacking in. 3. /a/ alighting, lighting, settling, or perching upon. 4. /a/ colloq. having (s.t.) fall in one’s lap, getting (s.t.) without lifting a finger. 5. /a/ slang giving (s.o.) a punch/a haymaker (while fighting).
2konma /a/ see konulma.
’konmak, -ar 1. /a/ to stay for the night at. 2. /a/ mil. to camp in; to bivouac in. 3. /a/ to alight, light, settle, or perch upon. 4. 7a/ colloq. to have (s.t.) fall in one’s lap, get (s.t.) without lifting a finger. 5. /a/ slang to give (s.o.) a punch/a haymaker (while fighting).
2konmak, -ur /a/ see konulmak, konsa gizzard (of a bird), konsantrasyon 1. chem. (the process of) concentration. 2. (mental) concentration, konsantre chem. 1. (a) concentrate. 2. concen-
    trated. — etmek/olmak colloq. to concentrate (mentally), konsantrik concentric, konsept, -ti concept, konseptüalizm phil. conceptualism, konser concert. — vermek to give a concert, konservatuar school of music/drama/dance, conservatory, konserve (./.) 1. canned food, Brit, tinned food.
    2.    canned, Brit, tinned: bezelye konservesi canned peas, konservecilik (./...) making/selling canned food, konsey (administrative/consultative) council, konsinye com. (article/goods) sent/shipped on consignment. — olarak göndermek lit to send/ship (goods) on consignment, konsol 1. console table; pier table. 2. arch, cantilever; corbel; console; bracket. — köprü cantilever bridge. — saati bracket clock, mantel clock, konsolidasyon fin. consolidation, konsolide fin. consolidated, konsolit, -ti 1. consol, consolidated annuity. 2.
    a card game, konsolitçi stockbroker, konsolos consul (diplomat), konsoloshane (...— .) consulate (building), konsolosluk 1. consulate (building). 2. the duties/the rank of a consul; consulship, konsomasyon 1. food/drink (served in a bar/a nightclub). 2. eating/drinking (in a bar/a nightclub), konsomatris B-girl. konsorsiyum (./..) consortium, konsül consul (of ancient Rome, of France in the First Republic), konsültasyon (medical) consultation, konşimento (../.) com. bill of lading, kont, -tu count; earl. — gibi colloq. stylishly dressed (man). — gibi yaşamak colloq. to live in luxury, be in clover, kontak 1. short circuit, short. 2. slang cracked, touched in the head. — i açmak to switch on the motor (of an automotive vehicle), start the engine. — anahtarı car key, engine key (of an automotive vehicle). — ı kapamak to shut off the engine (of an automotive vehicle).
kontakt lens contact lens, kontenjan quota, —a bağlamak /ı/ to establish a quota for. — senatörü hist, senator appointed by the President of Turkey, kontes 1. countess. 2. slang female teacher, kontluk countship, earldom (rank/domain), kontra (/.) 1. against, counter. 2. plywood. — gitmek colloq. 1. /a/ to oppose, go counter to. 2. (for s.o.) to be difficult, go against the current.
kontralto (./.) mus. contralto, kontrapunto mus. counterpoint, kontrast, -ti contrast, kontrat, -ti contract.
kontratabla (./..) blockboard, laminboard.
kontratak
kontratak (/..) sports counterattack, kontrato (./.) see kontrat, kontrbas mus. double bass, contrabass, kontrbasçı double bass player, kontrendikasyon contraindication, kontrgerilla (/...) counterguerrilla, kontrol, -lü 1. control, controlling. 2. checking, inspecting, inspection. 3. controlling, con-trollership, comptrollership; auditing. 4. colloq. inspector. — altına almak /ı/ to get (a fire, an epidemic, inflation, etc.) under control. — bendi check dam. — etmek hi to check, inspect. — grubu control group. — kalemi 1. (screwdriver used as a) circuit -tester. 2. slang penis, *cock. — kulesi (airport) control tower. — noktası checkpoint.
    —     tuşu comp, control key. kontrolcii inspector.
kontrolör 1. inspector. 2. controller, comptroller;
    auditor, kontrplak (/.) plywood, konu subject, topic, matter, konuk 1. guest. 2. parasite, konukçu host/hostess (who looks after an important foreign guest for a government or a business).
konukevi, -ni (..'..) guest house (of an institution/a business), konuklama hi entertaining, hosting, putting up (a guest).
konuklamak hi to entertain, host, put up (a guest), konukluk being a guest, konu komşu (./ ..) the neighbors, the whole neighborhood, konuksever hospitable, konukseverlik hospitality, konulma /a/ 1. being put, being placed, being set. 2. (of a condiment) being added (to), konulmak /a/ 1. to be put, be placed, be set. 2.
    (for a condiment) to be added (to), konum site, location, konumluk mil. base; installation, konur prov. 1. swarthy. 2. brown, iron gray (horse). 3. brave, heroic. — al 1. sandy, light brown. 2. roan, konuş 1. placing, arrangement. 2. geol. location.
    3.    mil. disposition, deployment, konuşkan talkative, loquacious, konuşkanlık talkativeness, loquacity, konuşlandırma hi mil. positioning; emplacing. konuşlandırmak hi mil. to position; to emplace. konuşma 1. talking, speaking. 2. talk, lecture, public speech. 3. conversation; discussion. — dili everyday speech, colloquial language, konuşmacı 1. lecturer. 2. speaker, announcer, konuşmak 1. to talk, speak. 2. to communicate.
   3. to converse, chat, talk (with each other).
   4. h or dan/ to discuss, talk about. 5. /la/ to be on friendly terms with; to be on speaking terms with. 6. colloq. (for s.t.) to look sharp, be eye-catching.
konuşturma 1. hi getting (s.o.) to talk. 2. /i,
543                                        koparma
        la/ getting (s.o.) to talk (with); allowing (s.o.) to talk (with). 3. hi making (s.o.) talk.
        4.    h! colloq. playing (a musical instrument) superbly, making (a musical instrument) talk, konuşturmak 1. hi to get (s.o.) to talk. 2. /i, la/ to get (s.o.) to talk (with); to allow (s.o.) to talk (with). 3. hi to make (s.o.) talk. 4. hi colloq. to play (a musical instrument) superbly, make (a musical instrument) talk, konuşu lecture, speech, talk, konuşucu lecturer, speaker, konuşulma 1. being discussed. 2. being spoken about; being mentioned, konuşulmak 1. to be discussed. 2. to be spoken about; to be mentioned. 3. impersonal passive to talk, converse. 4. impersonal passive to discuss.
     'konut, -tu 1. house, dwelling, residence. 2. domicile, legal residence. — belgesi certificate of residence. — dokunulmazlığı law domiciliary inviolability.
     2konut, -tu log., math, postulate, konvansiyon 1. convention, agreement, treaty.
        2. constitutional convention, konvansiyonel conventional. — silahlar conventional weapons, konveks convex, konveksiyon phys. convection, konvektör convection heater, convector, konvertibilite fin. convertibility, konvertibl fin. convertible, konvertisör elec. converter, convertor, konveyör mech. conveyor; conveyor belt, konvoy convoy, konyak brandy, cognac, kooperatif (a) cooperative, (a) co-op. kooperatifçi 1. member of a cooperative. 2. manager of a cooperative. 3. advocate of the cooperative movement, cooperationist. kooperatifçilik economic cooperation, the cooperative system, kooperatifleşme (of a business) becoming a cooperative; (of an economy) being organized on a cooperative basis, kooperatifleşmek (for a business) to become a cooperative; (for an economy) to be organized on a cooperative basis, koordinasyon coordination, koordinat, -ti math, (a) coordinate, koordinatör coordinator, koordine used in: — etmek hi to coordinate, kopal, -li copal.
     kopanaki (../.) 1. bobbin lace. 2. bobbin (used in lacemaking). koparılma 1. being broken off, being snapped off. 2. (of flowers/fruit) being picked, koparılmak 1. to be broken off, be snapped off. 2. (for flowers/fruit) to be picked, koparma 1. hi breaking off, tearing off; breaking/snapping (s.t.) in two. 2. hi plucking, picking, snapping off. 3. hi setting up, letting out (a loud noise). 4. /i, dan/ pulling away by force. 5. /i, dan/ colloq. obtaining (s.t.)
 koparmak                                       544
   with difficulty; getting (s.t.) out of (s.o.); wangling.
koparmak 1. hi to break off, tear off; to break/ snap (s.t.) in two. 2. hi to pluck, pick, snap off. 3. /i/ to set up, let out (a loud noise).
   4. /i, dan/ to pull away by force. 5. /i, dan/ colloq. to obtain (s.t.) with difficulty; to get (s.t.) out of (s.o.); to wangle.
kopartma 1. see koparma. 2. /ı, a/ having (s.o.) break/tear (s.t.) off. 3. /i, a/ having (s.o.) pluck, pick, or snap off (s.t.). kopartmak 1. see koparmak. 2. /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) break/tear (s.t.) off. 3. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) pluck, pick, or snap off (s.t.). koparttırma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) break/tear (s.t.) off. 2. having (s.o.) pluck, pick, or snap off (s.t.).
koparttırmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) break/tear (s.t.) off. 2. to have (s.o.) pluck, pick, or snap off (s.t.). kopça hook and eye.
kopçalama hi hooking, fastening (using a hook and eye).
kopçalamak 111 to hook, fasten (using a hook and eye).
kopçalanma being hooked, being fastened (with a hook and eye), kopçalanmak to be hooked, be fastened (with a hook and eye), kopçalı furnished with a hook and eye; (s.t.)
   that is fastened with a hook and eye. kopek kopeck, kopek, kopil slang street Arab, gamin, urchin, kopkolay (/..) colloq. very easy, kopma 1. breaking off, falling off. 2. breaking/ snapping in two, breaking, snapping. 3. (of a noisy/dangerous event) breaking out, beginning. 4. aching terribly. 5. prov. running, kopmak 1. to break off, fall off: Fırtınada meşenin bir dalı koptu. During the storm a limb broke off the oak tree. 2. to break/snap in two, break, snap. 3. (for a noisy/dangerous event) to break out, begin. 4. to ache terribly.
   5. prov. to run.
kopoy hound (hunting dog), kopsi kefali etmek III slang to chop off/lop off (s.o.’s) head, kopuk 1. (thing) that has broken off (s.t.), broken: kopuk dallar broken limbs. 2. (s.t.) that has broken/snapped in two, broken, snapped: kopuk bir tel a broken wire. 3. colloq. (a) vagabond, tramp, bum; (a) good-for-nothing.
   4. hist, (a) tough, (a) rowdy. — alayı colloq. band of vagabonds; band of good-for-noth-ings.
kopuntu broken bit, fragment, kopuz lute-like instrument (played by medieval Turkish bards), kopuzcu bard who accompanied himself with a kopuz.
kopya (/.) 1. copy. 2. biol. clone; replica. 3. crib, pony. 4. copying. 5. biol. cloning; replication. 6. cribbing, copying, cheating. —
                                                                                                      korkak
   çekmek to crib, copy, cheat. — smı çıkarmak Iml to copy. — defteri copybook. — etmek hi to copy, reproduce. — kâğıdı carbon paper. — kalemi copying pencil. — mürekkebi copying ink. kopyacı (/..) 1. copier. 2. cribber, cheater, kopyacılık (/...) 1. copying. 2. cribbing, cheating.
kopyalama hi 1. copying. 2. biol. cloning; replication.
kopyalamak hi 1. to copy. 2. biol. to clone; to replicate.
*kor 1. live/glowing coal, ember. 2. colloq. fiery red. — dökmek to form a bed of glowing coals. gibi colloq. 1. red-hot. 2. fiery red. 2kor mil. corps.
Kor. (abbr. for Kolordu) mil. C, c. (corps), kora (/.) chorea, St. Vitus’s dance.
Kora. (abbr. for Koramiral) V.A. (vice admiral).
koral, -li mus. chorale, choral, koramiral, -li (/...) vice admiral, koramirallik (/....) vice admiralty, kordiplomatik (/....) diplomatic corps, corps diplomatique, kordon 1. cord, cordon, braid; shoulder knot.
   2. cord, rope; pull. 3. (electric) cord (of an appliance). 4. arch, stringcourse, cordon; plaster molding. 5. cordon (of troops/police).
   6. (spermatic) cord. 7. (Fallopian) tube. — altına almak hi to cordon off.
Kore (/.) 1. Korea. 2. Korean, of Korea. Korece (/..) 1. Korean, the Korean language.
   2. (speaking/writing) in Korean, Korean. 3. Korean (speech/writing); spoken in Korean; written in Korean.
Kore Cumhuriyeti, -ni the Republic of Korea. Kore Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti, -ni the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, koregraf see koreograf, koregrafi see koreografi. korelasyon correlation.
Koreli (/..) 1. (a) Korean. 2. Korean (person), koreograf choreographer, koreografi choreography.
Korg. (abbr. for Korgeneral) Lt. Gen. (lieutenant general), korgeneral, -li (/...) mil. lieutenant general, korgenerallik (/....) mil. the duties/the rank of a lieutenant general; lieutenant generalcy/ generalship.
koridor 1. hall, corridor. 2. slang (goalkeeper) who’s not on the ball, who lets balls get across the goal, korindon geol. corundum, korkak 1. fearful, timid; cowardly. 2. fearful person; coward. — bezirgân ne kâr eder, ne ziyan/zarar, proverb (The timid merchant makes neither a loss nor a profit.) Nothing ventured, nothing gained. — karga colloq. fraidycat, scaredy-cat. — tüccar ne kâr eder, ne ziyan/zarar, proverb, see Korkak bezirgân ne kâr eder, ne ziyan/zarar.
korkaklık
 545
korunma
korkaklık fearfulness, timidity; cowardice, korkma /dan/ fearing, being afraid (of), being scared (of), dreading, korkmak /dan/ to fear, be afraid (of), be scared (of), dread. Kork Allahtan korkmayandan. proverb Beware the man who doesn’t fear God: he will not shrink from doing evil of any kind. Kork aprilin beşinden, öküzü ayırır eşinden, proverb (Fear the fifth of April: it drives apart a yoke of oxen.) The storm that falls on April 18th (April 5th according to an old calendar) is a severe one. korktuğu başına gelmek (korktuğuna uğramak) for something to turn out the way one feared, for a much feared thing to befall one.
korku fear; phobia; fright; dread; terror. — dağları bekler/bekletir/aşırır. proverb 1. Some people prefer to flee to the mountains and brave the elements, rather than suffer punishment/oppression. 2. Fear can get the best of people, —nun ecele faydası yoktur. proverb There is no use fearing the inevitable. — filmi horror movie. — saçmak to spread terror. — vermek /a/ to terrorize, korkulma /dan/ being frightened of, being frightened that, korkulmak /dan/ to be frightened of, be frightened that.
korkulu 1. scary, frightening. 2. dangerous, perilous. — rüya/düş görmektense uyanık yatmak hayırlıdır/yeğdir, proverb (It’s better to stay awake than to have a nightmare.) It’s better to do without a thing than to run risks to get it.
                                                                      korkuluk 1. scarecrow. 2. banister, balustrade; railing; parapet. 3. (removable) side (of a wagon or flat-bed truck). 4. colloq. figurehead; paper tiger; cipher, korkunç 1. terrible, terrifying; dreadful, awful.
   2.    terrific, frightful, extreme, tremendous. 3. slang very, terrifically, awfully, frightfully, korkunçayı (./..) zool. grizzly bear, Ursus hor-ribilis.
korkunçluk fearsomeness; dreadfulness, korkuntu phobia.
korkusuz 1. fearless, intrepid. 2. safe, korkusuzluk fearlessness, korkutma /ı/ 1. frightening, scaring; intimidating; alarming, giving (s.o.) a fright. 2. scaring off/away.
korkutmak hi 1. to frighten, scare; to intimidate; to alarm, give (s.o.) a fright. 2. to scare off/away.
korlanma forming a bed of glowing coals, korlanmak to form a bed of glowing coals, korlu containing live coals, korluk prov. brazier, mangal, korna (/.) automobile horn; air horn; bicycle horn; foghorn. — çalmak to honk a horn, kornea anat. cornea, korner (/.) soccer corner kick, corner, kornet, -ti 1. mus. cornet. 2. (ice-cream) cone.
korniş 1. curtain rod. 2. cornice, kornişon gherkin.
korno (/.) 1. mus. French horn. 2. powder horn.
    3. oil horn.
koro (/.) chorus; choir. — halinde (speaking) in unison, koroloji chorology.
 koroner coronary. — atardamari/arter anat. coronary artery. — damarlar anat. coronary vessels. — toplardamari/ven anat. coronary vein.
koroydo slang 1. idiotic, foolish (person). 2.
   idiot, fool, nitwit, korporasyon corporation, korsa (/.) see korse, korsaci (/..) see korseci, korsacılık (/...) see korsecilik, korsan 1. pirate, corsair. 2. pirated, piratical, unlawful, illegal: korsan baskı pirated edition. — gemisi pirate ship. — radyo pirate radio station, korsanlık piracy, korse (/.) corset; girdle, korseci (/..) maker/seller of corsets/girdles;
   corsetier; girdler. korsecilik (/...) making/selling corsets/girdles. Korsika (..'.) 1. Corsica. 2. Corsican, of Corsica.
 Korsikali (./..) 1. (a) Corsican. 2. Corsican (person).
kort, -tu sports court: tenis kortu tennis court, korta (/.) see korte.
korte (/.) courting; flirting. — etmek /la/ to court; to flirt with, kortej cortege, korteks (/.) anat. cortex, kortizon biochem. cortisone, koru grove, small wood, korucu 1. forest ranger. 2. village policeman, korugan blockhouse.
 koruk unripe grape. — lüferi small bluefish (caught in August). — suyu verjuice, the juice of unripe grapes, koruluk grove, small wood, koruma 1. protection; defense. 2. conservation; preservation. 3. colloq. bodyguard. — görevlisi bodyguard. — polisi police bodyguard.
   —      şeridi shelter belt. — ünsüzü phon. buffer y between two vowels, korumacı 1. (a) protectionist. 2. protectionist, korumacılık protectionism, korumak hi 1. to protect, guard, shield, watch over; to defend. 2. to cover, take care of (an expense). 3. to preserve, maintain, korun anat. epidermis, korunak shelter, place of refuge, refuge, korunaklı sheltered (place), koruncak 1. small case/box. 2. storeroom, korundokusu, -nu (./...) anat. epidermal tissue of the stratum corneum. korunga bot. trefoil, Trifolium. korungalık place thick with trefoil, korunma 1. /dan/ safeguarding/protecting o.s.
 korunmak
   against; avoiding, escaping (s.t.). 2. being protected, being shielded. 3. being preserved, being kept intact, korunmak 1. /dan/ to safeguard/protect o.s. against; to avoid, escape (s.t.). 2. to be protected, be shielded. 3. to be preserved, be kept intact, korunum preservation; conservation, koruyucu 1. protecting, protective. 2. protector, defender. — hekimlik preventive medicine, koruyuculuk protection, support, korvet, -ti corvette.
korza (/.) naut. fouling (of cables/chains) (in the water), kosinüs (/..) math, cosine, koskoca (/..) very big; very great, koskocaman (/...) huge, enormous, kostak prov. dressed to the nines, dressed fit to kill.
Kostantiniye hist. Constantinople.
Kosta Rika (.. /.) 1. Costa Rica. 2. Costa Rican, Costa Rica, of Costa Rica.
Kosta Rikali (..   /..)  1. (a) Costa Rican. 2.
   Costa Rican (person), kostüm 1. (man’s two/three-piece) suit. 2. theat. costume.
kostümlük 1. (material) fit for making a man’s suit. 2. suiting, fabric suitable for making a man’s suit.
koşa 1. synchronous, concurrent, coincident. 2.
   parallel. 3. concomitant, attendant, koşaç gram, copula, linking verb (in Turkish only ‘to be’), koşalık 1. concurrence. 2. parallelism. 3. concomitance.
koşaltı prov. yoking/harnessing two animals together, koşam prov. double handful, koşarma /ı, a/ prov. giving (a motherless animal) to (a dam that has lost her young), koşarmak /ı, a/ prov. to. give (a motherless animal) to (a dam that has lost her young), ’koşma 1. /ı, a/ harnessing, hitching (to). 2. /i/ hitching up a horse to. 3. /i, a/ having (one person) escort (another). 4. /i, a/ putting (one person) to work alongside (another). 5. /i, a/ having (s.o.) do (a job).
2koşma 1. running. 2. free-form folk poem/song about love/nature. 3. naut. guy, stay, koşmaca tag (children’s game).
’koşmak 1. /i, a/ to harness, hitch (to). 2. hi to hitch up a horse to. 3. /i, a/ to have (one person) escort (another). 4. /i, a/ to put (one person) to work alongside (another). 5. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) do (a job).
2koşmak 1. to run. 2. /ardından, peşinden/ colloq. to pursue, try to get. koşar adımlarla colloq. running, at a run. Koşar adım marş/ ileri! Run! (command given to a physical education class). koşnil zool. cochineal insect, Dactylopius coccus.
’koşturma /ı, a/ 1. having (an animal) hitched
 546                                                koşut
   to. 2. sending (s.o.) on (an errand). 2koşturma hi 1. letting (s.o./s.t.) run; making (s.o./s.t.) run. 2. hurrying (s.o.). 3. racing (a horse).
’koşturmak /ı, a/1. to have (an animal) hitched to. 2. to send (s.o.) on (an errand). 2koşturmak hi 1. to let (s.o./s.t.) run; to make (s.o./s.t.) run. 2. to hurry (s.o.). 3. to race (a horse).
koşu race. — alanı hippodrome. — atı racehorse. — koparmak to jump up and dash off. — yolu racecourse, racetrack, koşucu runner (person competing in a race), koşuk lit. verse (metrical composition), koşul condition, provision, stipulation, —a bağlı satış com. conditional sale. — bildirimliği list of conditions; specifications; contract.
   —      birleşik zamanı gram, conditional mood, koşullandırılma being conditioned, koşullandırılmak to be conditioned, koşullandırma hi psych, conditioning, koşullandırmak hi psych, to condition, koşullanma psych, conditioning, being conditioned.
koşullanmak psych, to be conditioned, koşullu 1. conditional. 2. psych, conditioned. — ciro conditional endorsement. — tasım log. conditional syllogism. — yantümce gram. protasis, koşulluluk conditionality.
’koşulma 1. (of a horse-drawn vehicle) being readied for departure. 2. /a/ being hitched (to). 3. /a/ being assigned to escort (s.o.). 4. /a/ being put to work alongside (s.o.). 2koşulma running.
’koşulmak 1. (for a horse-drawn vehicle) to be readied for departure. 2. /a/ to be hitched (to). 3. /a/ to be assigned to escort (s.o.). 4. /a/ to be put to work alongside (s.o.). 2koşulmak impersonal passive to run. koşulsuz unconditional, koşulsuzluk unconditionality, koşum harness. — atı carriage horse; draft horse. — hayvanı draft animal. — kayışı trace (of a harness), koşumlu harnessed.
koşun 1. line of soldiers, rank. 2. row of people standing side by side. — bağlamak mil. to form ranks. — koşun 1. in rows, in lines, in ranks. 2. ranked, drawn up in ranks, koşuntu 1. followers, supporters. 2. accomplices.
koşuşma 1. (of people) running/rushing together. 2. (of a person) running hither and thither, rushing from one place to another, koşuşmak 1. (for people) to run/rush together.
   2.     (for s.o.) to run hither and thither, rush from one place to another, koşuşturma running hither and yon, rushing from one place to another, koşuşturmak to run hither and yon, rush from one place to another, koşut, -tu parallel.
koşutluk                                            547
koşutluk parallelism.
'kot, -tu see kod.
2kot, -tu 1. (a pair of) jeans/blue jeans/denims (trousers). 2. denim skirt. 3. denim, kota ■(/.) com. quota, kotan large, metal plow, kotarma 111 1. dishing up (food). 2. completing, finishing. 3. preparing, kotarmak hi 1. to dish up (food). 2. to complete, finish. 3. to prepare, kotlama 111 1. putting down the elevations of places on (a map). 2. showing the dimensions of things on (a plan). 3. spelling out (a word) (using the first letters in the names of cities), kotlamak hi 1. to put down the elevations of places on (a map). 2. to show the dimensions of things on (a plan). 3. to spell out (a word) (using the first letters in the names of cities), kotlet, -ti butchery cutlet; chop, kotletpane (./..) breaded cutlet, kotonperle (.*"••) pearl cotton, kotra (/.) cutter (a boat), kov prov. gossip, malicious talk. — etmek hi to gossip about (s.o.), run (s.o.) down.
Kova astrol. Aquarius.
kova 1. bucket, pail. 2. slang passive male homosexual, fag, faggot, kovalama chasing, chase, pursuing, pursuit, kovalamaca tag (children’s game), kovalamak hi to chase, try to catch/get, pursue, kovan 1. beehive, hive. 2. cartridge case. 3. socket (for a handle). 4. slang passive male homosexual, fag, faggot, kovanlık apiary.
kovboy (/.) cowboy. — filmi western, cowboy movie.
kovcu prov. 1. talebearing, (s.o.) who is a talebearer. 2. maliciously critical, backbiting, kovculuk prov. 1. talebearing, being an informer. 2. denigration, backbiting, kovdurma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) drive (another person) away. 2. having (s.o.) get rid of (another person), kovdurmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) drive (another person) away. 2. to have (s.o.) get rid of (another person), kovlama hi prov. 1. talking maliciously about (s.o.), running (s.o.) down. 2. telling on, informing on. kovlamak hi prov. 1. to talk maliciously about (s.o.), run (s.o.) down. 2. to tell on, inform on.
kovma hi 1. driving (s.o.) away (with a harsh word/action). 2. expulsion, expelling, getting rid of.
kovmak hi 1. to drive (s.o.) away (with a harsh word/action). 2. to expel, get rid of. kovucu prov., see kovcu, kovucuk bot. lenticel. kovuculuk prov., see kovculuk, kovuk hollow, cavity, kovuklu hollow, not solid, kovulma 1. being driven away (with a harsh
                                                                                                   koyultmak
   word/action). 2. being gotten rid of, being expelled.
kovulmak 1. to be driven away (with a harsh word/action). 2. to be gotten rid of, be expelled.
kovumsama an unwelcoming attitude; a cool reception.
kovumsamak hi to behave unwelcomingly toward, give (s.o.) a cool reception, kovuntu outcast; expellee, kovuş driving someone away, kovuşturma investigation of a case (by a legal agency of the state). — açmak to begin a legal investigation. — yapmak to make a legal investigation, kovuşturmak hi to investigate (a crime), koy small bay, cove, koyacak container, koyak valley.
koyar confluence (of two streams), koydurma /ı, a/ having (s.t.) put (somewhere), koydurmak /ı, a/ to have (s.t.) put (somewhere), koygun prov. pathetic, touching, koyma 1. hi putting, placing. 2. hi letting go (inside/outside). 3. /a/ affecting, upsetting, bothering; moving. 4. Ill appropriating, setting aside.
koymak 1. Ill to put, place. 2. Ill to let go (inside/outside). 3. /a/ to affect, upset, bother; to move. 4. hi to appropriate, set aside. Koy avcuma, koyayım avcuna. proverb (You put something in my palm and I’ll put something in yours.) You scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours. Koydunsa bul. colloq. It’s like trying to find a needle in a haystack, koyup gitmek hi to leave (s.t./s.o.) and go away. Koyduğum yerde otluyor, colloq. (He’s/She’s still grazing in the same place I left him/her in.) 1. He’s/She’s still in the same (socioeconomic) position he’s/she’s always been in. 2. He/She hasn’t changed one iota ./He’s/She’s just the same as ever (meant as a negative criticism). koyu 1. thick (liquid). 2. dark, deep (color). 3.
    extreme, fervid, rabid, dyed-in-the-wool, koyulaşma 1. thickening (of a liquid). 2. darkening (of a color), koyulaşmak 1. (for a liquid) to thicken. 2. (for a color) to darken, koyulaştırma 1. thickening (a liquid). 2. darkening (a color), koyulaştırmak hi 1. to thicken (a liquid). 2. to darken (a color), koyulma 1. thickening (of a liquid). 2. darkening (of a color). 3. /a/ beginning, setting about, setting to, embarking upon, koyulmak 1. (for a liquid) to thicken. 2. (for a color) to darken. 3. /a/ to begin, set about, set to, embark upon, koyultma hi 1. thickening (a liquid). 2. darkening (a color): koyultmak hi \. to thicken (a liquid). 2. to darken (a color).
koyuluk
548
koyuluk 1. thickness (of a liquid). 2. darkness, deepness (of a color). 3. extremeness, rabidity.
’koyun 1. sheep. 2. colloq. simpleton. — bakışlı colloq. (person) with a dull, stupid look in his/her eye. — un bulunmadığı yerde keçiye Abdurrahman Çelebi derler, proverb (Where there are no sheep, they call a goat Abdurrahman Çelebi.) An inferior thing seems first-rate to those who have never known anything better. — can derdinde, kasap yağ derdinde, proverb (The sheep fears for its life, and the butcher needs its fat.) One person’s loss is another person’s gain. — dede colloq. fool, simpleton. — eti butchery mutton. — gibi colloq. stupid. — kaval dinler gibi dinlemek colloq. to listen without understanding a thing. — yılı the year of the sheep (the eighth year in the old Turkish cycle of years). —u yüze yetir, el onu bine yetirir, proverb (When you finally get a hundred sheep, the stranger says you have a thousand.) People who don’t know the facts of a matter will exaggerate it. 2koyun, -ynu 1. bosom, breast. 2. arms, embrace. —una almak l\l to take (s.o.) to bed with one. — una girmek Iml to go to bed with (s.o.). — una koymak hi to put (s.t.) into one’s bosom or breast pocket. — koyuna 1. in each other’s arms. 2. in the same bed. —unda yılan beslemek colloq. to nourish a viper in one’s bosom, koyungözü, -nü (./..) bot. feverfew, Chrysanthemum parthenium. koyunkenesi, -ni (./...) zool. sheep ked, sheep tick, Melophagus ovinus. koyunotu, -nu (./..) bot. agrimony, Agrimonia eupatorium. koyuntu prov. grief, sorrow, koyuverme (./..) hi setting free, letting go. koyuvermek (..'..) Ill to set free, let go. koyverme (/..) hi see koyuverme, koyvermek (/..) hi see koyuvermek, koz 1. a chance (to attack or to defend o.s.); a trump, an ace up one’s sleeve. 2. playing cards trump. 3. walnut. — kabuğundan çıkmış da kabuğunu beğenmemiş, colloq., see Kestane kabuğundan çıkmış da kabuğunu beğenmemiş, —unu kaybetmek colloq. to lose, come out the loser. — kırmak
    1.    to play a trump card. 2. colloq. to be up to no good, —unu oynamak to play one’s trump card, —unu paylaşmak /la/ colloq. (forcibly) to settle accounts with (s.o.). koza (/.) 1. cocoon (of an insect). 2. boll; pod;
    seed capsule, kozacı (/..) person who buys and sells silkworm cocoons, kozacılık (/...) buying and selling silkworm cocoons.
kozak 1. cone (of a conifer). 2. cocoon. 3. boll;
                                                                          pod; seed capsule. 4. prov. (an) unripe fruit, kozalak 1. cone (of a conifer). 2. cocoon. 3.
   boll; pod; seed capsule. 4.formerly an ivory disk (used to protect a wax seal). 5. prov. (an) unripe fruit, kozalaklı coniferous, kozalaklılar bot. Coniferae. kozalaksı pineal. — bez anat. pineal gland, pineal body, kozhelva (/..) nougat, kozhelvasi, -m (/...) see kozhelva. kozmetik 1. (a) cosmetic. 2. cosmetic, kozmik cosmic. — ışınlar phys. cosmic rays, kozmogoni cosmogony, kozmogonik cosmogonic, cosmogonical, cos-mogonal. kozmografya (../.) cosmography, kozmoloji cosmology, kozmolojik cosmologic, cosmological, kozmonot, -tu cosmonaut, kozmopolit, -ti 1. cosmopolitan. 2. cosmopolitan person, (a) cosmopolitan, (a) cosmopolite.
kozmos (/.) cosmos.
köçek 1. foal of a camel. 2.formerly youth who performed erotic dances in woman’s garb.
   3. colloq. frivolous person, light-minded person.
köçekçe (./.) a lively dance tune, köçekleme foaling (of a camel), köçeklemek (for a camel) to foal, köçeklik 1. formerly the profession of a köçek.
   2.     colloq. frivolous behavior, köfte grilled meat patty; meatball; croquette, köfteci 1. maker and seller of grilled meat patties. 2. small restaurant specializing in grilled meat patties, köftecilik making and selling grilled meat patties.
köftehor colloq. son of a gun (said half affectionately).
köfter prov. a sweet made of starch and boiled -down grape juice, köftün prov. oil meal (for cattle), köğ meter, metrical pattern, köğük line (of poetry).
köhne 1. dilapidated, ramshackle, falling into ruin. 2. outdated, outmoded, köhneleşme see köhneme, köhneleşmek see köhnemek. köhnelik 1. dilapidation, being dilapidated. 2.
   being outmoded, köhneme 1. becoming dilapidated. 2. becoming outmoded.
köhnemek 1. to become dilapidated. 2. to become outmoded.
’kök, -kü 1. root. 2. origin. 3. chem. radical. 4. root (of an equation). 5. dent., ling. root. 6. root (of a matter/a problem), —ünden completely, thoroughly, once and for all. — dizin comp, root directory. — işareti math. radical sign, —ünü kazımak Iml colloq. to extirpate, eradicate. — ü kazınmak colloq. to be extirpated, be utterly destroyed, —ünden kesip atmak hi colloq. to settle (a mat-
2kök                                               549
   ter) once and for all. —üne kibrit suyu dökmek (—ünü kurutmak) /m/ colloq. to exterminate, wipe out. — salmak 1. (for a cutting) to develop roots; (for a plant) to take root, become rooted. 2. colloq. (for s.t.) to become established, take hold, catch on. — sökmek colloq. to do a very difficult job.
   —  söktürmek /a/ colloq. to make things difficult for (s.o.).
2kök, -kü tuning peg (of a saz). kökanlam (/..) root meaning (of a word), kökbacaklı (/...) zool. 1. (a) rhizopod. 2. rhi-zopod, rhizopodan. kökbacaklılar (/....) zool. Rhizopoda. kökboyası, -ni (.'...) 1. madder, madder root; alizarin. 2. bot. the madder plant, Rubici tine torum.
kökboyasıgiller (/.....) bot. Rubiaceae.
kökçü herbalist, kökçük bot. rootlet, radicel. kökçül radicivorous; radicicolous. köken 1. origin, source. 2. ling, root, root form, etymon, radical. 3. place of origin, homeland.
   4.    plant/stem (usually refers to cucumber/ melon/squash plants). — belgesi com. certificate of origin, kökenbilim (./..) etymology (science), kökenbilimci (./...) etymologist, kökenbilimsel (./...) etymological, etymologic, kökertme hi prov. layering, propagating (a plant) by layering, kökertmek hi prov. to layer, propagate (a plant) by layering, kökkırmızısı, -m (/....) garancine. kökkurdu, -nu (/..) zool. mole cricket, Gryllo-talpa vulgaris.
                                                                     'kökleme III 1. uprooting, digging up by the roots. 2. clearing (soil) of roots. 3. quilting/ tufting (the sides of a quilt/a mattress) together. 4. plaiting/braiding (braids) together. 2kökleme hi tuning (a saz).
'köklemek hi 1. to uproot, dig up by the roots.
   2. to clear (soil) of roots. 3. to quilt/tuft (the sides of a quilt/a mattress) together. 4. to plait/braid (braids) together.
2köklemek hi to tune (a saz). köklendirme hi rooting (a plant cutting), köklendirmek hi to root (a plant cutting), köklenme 1. taking root, putting forth roots. 2.
   becoming firmly established, köklenmek 1. to take root, put forth roots. 2.
   to become firmly established, kökleşik classic, of lasting appeal, kökleşme 1. taking root. 2. becoming settled down, becoming established. 3. (of an idea) becoming generally accepted, kökleşmek 1. to take root. 2. to settle down, become established. 3. (for an idea) to become generally accepted, kökleştirme hi 1. causing (a plant) to take root.
   2.    causing (s.t.) to become established or generally accepted, kökleştirmek hi 1. to cause (a plant.) to take
                                                                                                        köpek
   root. 2. to cause (s.t.) to become established or generally accepted, köklü 1. (s.t.) that has roots/a root; rooted (plant). 2. basic, fundamental, radical, thoroughgoing. — aile old and well-known family.
kökmantar (/..) bot. mycorrhiza. köknar bot. fir tree, fir, Abies. köksap, -pi (/.) rhizome, rootstalk. köksel radicular, köksü bot. tendril.
köksüz 1. rootless (plant cutting). 2. groundless, unfounded, kökten fundamental, radical, köktenci radical, extremist, köktencilik radicalism.
köktendinci (./..) (a) (religious) fundamentalist.
köktendincilik (./...) (religious) fundamentalism.
kökteş gram, cognate (word). — tümleç direct object that is cognate with its verb. Köktürk (/.) see Göktürk.
Köktürkçe (.'..) see Göktürkçe. kölçer a rust affecting wheat, köle (male) slave. — n olayım! colloq. I beg you!/Please! köleleşme turning into a slave, köleleşmek to turn into a slave, köleleştirme hi making (s.o.) into a slave, köleleştirmek III to make (s o.) into a slave, kölelik slavery, kölemen Mameluke, Mamluk. kömeç bot. capitulum.
                                                                  kömür 1. coal. 2. charcoal. 3. colloq. coal-black.
   —   çarpmak hi for charcoal fumes to give (s.o.) a headache. — gibi colloq. coal-black.
   —   gözlü colloq. (person) with coal-black eyes. — işçisi coal miner, Brit, collier. — kalem charcoal pencil. — katranı coal tar.
   —   ocağı coal mine.
kömürcü 1. coal dealer. 2. stoker. 3. charcoal burner. — çırağına dönmek colloq. (for s.o.) to get black (with grime), kömürcülük 1. the coal business, the work of a coal dealer. 2. the work of a stoker. 3. charcoal burning, the work of a charcoal burner.
                                                                  kömürleşme 1. turning into coal, coalification.
   2.     turning into charcoal, kömürleşmek 1. to turn into coal, coalify. 2. to
-  turn into charcoal, kömürleştirme hi making into charcoal, kömürleştirmek hi to make into charcoal, kömürlük 1. coalbin; coal cellar. 2. naut. bunker.
kömüş prov., zool. water buffalo, water ox, Bubalus bubalis/Bos bubalis. köpek 1. dog. 2. vulg. bastard, s.o.b. —in ağzına kemik atmak vulg. to shut up a troublemaker by giving him/her a slice of the pie. —in ahmağı baklavadan pay umar, proverb, see İtin ahmağı baklavadan pay umar.
köpekayası
 550
köpüklü
   —e atsan yemez, colloq. It’s not even fit for a dog to eat. — i bağlaşan durmaz, colloq. It’s not fit for a dog to live in, much less a person! — bile yal yediği kaba pislemez/sıçmaz. proverb (Even a dog won’t seil the dish it eats from.) Even a dog has enough sense not to bite the hand that feeds it. —e dalanmaktan çalıyı dolanmak yeğdir. (Köpekle dalaşmaktan çalıyı dolaşmak yeğdir.) proverb, see İtle dalaşmaktan çalıyı dolaşmak yeğdir, —i dövmeli ama, sahibinden utanmalı, proverb (When one beats a dog one should be careful not to anger its master.) When you settle accounts with an enemy, be careful not to anger that enemy’s protector, —in duası kabul/makbul olsa/ olsaydı gökten kemik yağar/yağardı. proverb, see İtin duası kabul/makbul olsa/ olsaydı gökten kemik yağar/yağardı. — ekmek veren/yediği kapıyı tanır, proverb Even a dog is respectful towards the one who feeds it. — e gem vurma, kendisini at sanır. proverb (Don’t bridle a dog, or it’ll think it’s a horse.) If you show too much respect to a worthless person he/she will get an inflated idea of himself/herself. — gibi colloq. cringingly, fawningly. —ler güler buna, colloq. It’s too funny for words. — e hoşt, kediye pist dememek colloq. to be unable to say “boo” to a goose. — köpek olalı bir av avladı, colloq. In all this time he’s/she’s only managed to do one noteworthy thing. — siz köye kurt iner, proverb (A wolf will attack a village that has no dog to guard it.) A defenseless people/nation is sure to be attacked. —i öldürene sürükletirler/sürütürler, proverb, see İti Öldürene sürükletirler/sürütürler. — sahibini ısırmaz, proverb (A dog does not bite its master.) No one, not even the most low-down person, bites the hand that feeds him/her. — soyu vulg. bastard, s.o.b. — suya düşmeyince yüzmeyi öğrenmez. proverb (A dog doesn’t learn to swim until it falls in the water.) There are some things one doesn’t learn until circumstances force one to learn them. — sürünmekle etek kesilmez, proverb (You don’t cut off a skirt just because a dog has touched it.) An upright person’s reputation is not besmirched by the slander of a scoundrel, —siz sürüye kurt girer, proverb (A wolf will attack a flock that has no dog to guard it.) A defenseless people/nation is sure to be attacked. — le yatan pire ile kalkar, proverb, see İtle yatan bitle kalkar. — yese kudurur, colloq. (If a dog were to eat it, it’d go mad.) Even the most low-down scoundrel couldn’t stomach such a remark! köpekayası, -m (./...) bot. horehound, Marru-bium vulgare. köpekbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. 1. shark. 2. dogfish, Mustelus vulgaris. köpekdili, -ni (./..) zool. flounder, Pleuronectes
   flesus.
köpek dişi, -ni (./..) canine tooth, cuspid, köpekgiller zool. Canidae. köpekkuyruğu, -nu (./...) a wrestling hold, köpekleme prov. 1. being dog-tired. 2. being sorry for what one has done. 3. being cut down to size, being taken down a peg. 4. cringing, fawning, groveling, köpeklemek prov. 1. to be dog-tired. 2. to be sorry for what one has done. 3. to be cut down to size, be taken down a peg. 4. to cringe, fawn, grovel, köpeklenme prov. 1. being cut down to size, being taken down a peg. 2. cringing, fawning, groveling, köpeklenmek prov. 1. to be cut down to size, be taken down a peg. 2. to cringe, fawn, grovel.
köpekleşme colloq. cringing, fawning, groveling.
                                                                köpekleşmek colloq. to cringe, fawn, grovel, köpeklik colloq. cringing, fawning, groveling, köpekmemesi, -ni (./...) colloq., path, large axillary bubo, köpeküzümü, -nü (./...) bot. black nightshade, Solarium nigrum. köpoğlu, -nu (./.) vulg. 1. bastard, s.o.b. 2. fox, crafty person. — köpek vulg. son of a bitch, köprü 1. bridge. 2. dent., wrestling, naut. bridge.
   3.    hasp (of a lock). 4. slang bending a playing card so that when the cards are cut this card will come out on top. — altı çocuğu colloq. homeless child, street Arab, —nün/ —lerin altından çok su/sular aktı/geçti. colloq. (A lot of water has passed under the bridge.) Many things have changed since then, —leri atmak colloq. to burn one’s bridges. — den/—yü geçinceye kadar ayıya dayı derler, proverb (They call the bear uncle, until they have crossed the bridge.) You should play up to an ogre until he gives you what you want. — gözü arch of a bridge, köprübaşı, -ni 1. mil. bridgehead. 2. colloq.
   foothold, start, beginning, köprücü 1. bridge builder. 2. mil. pontooning (unit), (unit) of pontoniers. köprücük 1. small bridge. 2. anat. collarbone, clavicle. — kemiği anat., see köprücük-kemiği.
köprücükkemiği, -ni (../...) anat. collarbone, clavicle.
köprücülük the work of a bridge builder, bridge building, köpük 1. foam, bubbles, froth; suds. 2. bubble.
   3. styrofoam. — giderici (a) defoamer, a de-foaming agent; (an) antifoam, an antifoaming agent.
köpükcam (./.) foam glass, köpüklenme becoming foamy/bubbly/frothy/ sudsy.
köpüklenmek to become foamy/bubbly/frothy/ sudsy.
köpüklü frothy, bubbly, foamy; sudsy.
 köpüleme                                         551
köpüleme /if prov. quilting/tufting (the sides of a quilt/a mattress) together, köpülemek l\l prov. to quilt/tuft (the sides of a quilt/a mattress) together, köpülenmiş prov. quilted (cloth); tufted (upholstery/mattress); (chair/sofa) with tufted upholstery.
köpürme 1. foaming, frothing, spuming; effervescing, bubbling. 2. sudsing; lathering. 3. colloq. foaming at the mouth, being beside
   o.s. with rage, köpürmek 1. to foam, froth, spume; to effervesce, bubble. 2. to suds; to lather. 3. colloq. to foam at the mouth, be beside o.s. with rage.
köpürtme /ı/ making (s.t.) foam/1 ather/effer-vesce.
köpürtmek III to make (s.t.) foam/lather/effervesce.
köpüz scum (on stagnant water).
kör 1. blind. 2. dull, not sharp. 3. dim (light).
   4.  colloq. blind, dead-end. 5. colloq. blind, unaware of what’s happening. 6. (in expressions) bad, evil; unlucky. — Allaha nasıl bakarsa Allah da köre öyle bakar, proverb (God will look at the blind man in the same way that the blind man looks at him.) If you’re ungrateful to your superior, don’t expect him/her to show you gratitude in return.
   —   bıçak ele (yavuz), iş bilmeyen avrat dile (yavuz), proverb Though a dull knife isn’t much good for cutting, it can still cut you. Similarly, there are women who, though they can’t do anything useful, can wear you out with their chatter. — bile düştüğü çukura bir daha düşmez, proverb (Even a blind person doesn’t fall into the same hole twice.) Anyone can be careful enough not to make the same mistake twice. — boğaz colloq. one’s appetite for food, hunger. — çapa a short, blunt hoe. — değneğini beller gibi colloq. without ever thinking of doing otherwise. — dövüşü colloq. chaotic situation. — duman colloq. very thick fog. — e elvandan bahsolunmaz. proverb (One doesn’t talk about colors to a blind person.) It’s useless to talk about something to someone who hasn’t the foggiest idea of what you’re saying. — görmez, sezer, proverb (A blind person does not see: he/she senses.) Although one may be ignorant/uninformed, one can still get a general idea of what’s happening or being said. — hat rail, siding.
   —ün istediği bir göz, Allah verdi iki göz. colloq. (The blind person wanted only one eye, God gave him/her two.) He/She was blessed with more than he’d/she’d hoped for. —ün istediği bir göz, iki/ikisi olursa ne söz. proverb You rejoice indeed when you receive double what you had asked for.
   —   ün istediği iki göz, biri ela biri boz. proverb (The blind person wants two eyes: one that’s hazel and one that’s dark brown.)
                                                                                                        körelmiş
   Some people are never satisfied. — kadi colloq. forthright person, person who speaks his/her mind. — kör parmağım gözüne colloq. out in the open, perfectly evident, clear.
   —ü körüne colloq. blindly, carelessly, at random. — kuşun yuvasını Allah yapar, proverb (God makes a nest for the homeless bird.) God has a way of looking after the friendless and the forlorn. — kütük sarhoş colloq. dead/blind/stinking drunk, —ler mahallesinde ayna satmak/tutmak colloq. to sell refrigerators to Eskimos, carry coals to Newcastle, —ler memleketinde şaşılar padişah/baş olur, proverb (In the kingdom of the blind the cross-eyed man is king.) An inferior thing seems first-rate to those who have never known anything better. — nişancılık 1. hitting the target by chance only. 2. colloq. doing something correctly by chance only. — olası/olasıca colloq. damned, accursed. — olası/ol asıca! colloq. Damn him/ her/it! —ünü öldürmek colloq. 1. to satisfy one’s desires after a fashion. 2. to swallow one’s pride and admit one’s helplessness. — ölür badem gözlü olur, kel ölür sırma saçlı olur .proverb (When a blind person dies, they say he/she had almond eyes; when a bald person dies, they speak of his/her golden hair.) What was ugly/worthless seems beautiful/valuable once it has been lost. — pazara varmasın, pazar körsüz kalmasın. proverb People who don’t know how to shop shouldn’t go shopping, though the shopkeepers need such customers to boost their profits. — e renkten bahsolunmaz. proverb, see Köre elvandan bahsolunmaz. — şeytan/talih colloq. bad luck. — tapa blind flange. — topal colloq. after a fashion, in a half-assed way. — uçuş flying blind. — le yatan şaşı kalkar, proverb (If you sleep with a blind man you will wake up cross-eyed.)
   1. If you associate with a scoundrel, you’ll pick up some of his habits. 2. If you associate with a scoundrel, you’ll suffer for it.
körağaç (/..) wood used for the central layer of lumber-core plywood, körbağırsak (/...) anat. cecum, blind gut. kördüğüm (/..) 1. knot that refuses to come undone. 2. colloq. very complicated situation, Gordian knot, körebe (/..) blindman’s buff, körelik atrophic, körelim see körelme.
körelme 1. (of a cutting implement) getting dull.
   2. atrophy, wasting away; declining, decline.
   3. (of a well) beginning to go dry. 4. (of a fire) dying down.
                                                                    körelmek 1. (for a cutting implement) to get dull. 2. to atrophy, waste away; to decline.
   3.    (for a well) to begin to go dry. 4. (for a fire) to die down, körelmiş 1. atrophied. 2. vestigial. — organ anat. vestigial organ.
köreltme
552
kösteklenme
köreltme fil 1. dulling (a cutting implement).
   2. causing (s.t.) to atrophy/decline, köreltmek hi 1. to dull (a cutting implement).
   2. to cause (s.t.) to atrophy/decline, köreşe prov. snow crust, körfez 1. gulf; bay; inlet. 2. colloq. secluded, out-of-the-way. körkandil (/..) colloq. dead/blind/stinking (drunk).
körkaya (/••) rock lying ci°se t0 sea’s sur_ face.
körköstebek (/...) zool. mole, Talpa europaea. körkuyu (/..) colloq. dry well, körlemeden colloq. blindly, at random, körlenme see körleşme, körlenmek see körleşmek, körleşme 1. (of a cutting implement) becoming dull. 2. declining, failing (of one’s mental powers). 3. (of a well) going dry. 4. (of a place) ceasing to attract people, becoming dead. 5. (of a wound) begining to heal, körleşmek 1. (for a cutting implement) to become dull. 2. (for one’s mental powers) to decline, fail. 3. (for a well) to go dry. 4. (for a place) to cease to attract people, become dead. 5. (for a wound) to begin to heal, körleştirme hi dulling (a cutting implement), körleştirmek hJ to dull (a cutting implement), körletme hi 1. dulling (a cutting implement).
   2. causing (s.o.’s mental powers) to decline.
   3. making (a well) go dry. 4. making (a place) cease to attract people.
körletmek hi 1. to dull (a cutting implement).
   2. to cause (s.o.’s mental powers) to decline.
   3. to make (a well) go dry. 4. to make (a place) cease to attract people.
körlük 1. blindness. 2. bluntness, dullness (of a cutting implement). 3. colloq. lack of foresight. 4. colloq. clumsiness; blundering, körocak (/..) childless family/home.
Köroğlu, -nu (/..) a hero in Turkish folktales, köroğlu, -nu (/..) colloq. wife, the missus, körpe young and fresh, young and tender, körpecik very young and tender, körpelik freshness; tenderness, körsıçan (/..) zool., see köstebek, köruzantı (/...) anat. diverticulum. — yangısı path, diverticulitis, körük 1. bellows. 2. accordion bellows; camera bellows. 3. folding top (of an automobile); bellows top. 4. accordion coupling (as on a bus or a railway passenger car), körükçü 1. bellows maker. 2. bellows operator.
   3.     colloq. instigator, agitator, körükleme hi 1. blowing on (a fire) with a bellows. 2. colloq. encouraging, inciting, incitement.
                                   körüklemek hi 1. to blow on (a fire) with a bellows. 2. colloq. to encourage, incite, körüklenme 1. being blown on with a bellows.
   2. colloq. being incited to action, körüklenmek 1. to be blown on with a bellows. 2. colloq. to be incited to action.
körükleyici instigative.
körüklü 1. furnished with a bellows. 2. (automobile) that has a folding top; (carriage) that has a bellows top. 3. (s.t.) that has a foldable, accordion-like section, köryılan (/..) zool. blindworm, slowworm, Anguis fragilis. kös a big drum (formerly used for signalling).
   —      dinlemiş colloq. (person) who has experienced so much that he/she faces most things with equanimity, köse naturally lacking a beard; having a very sparse beard. — yle alay edenin top sakalı kara gerek, proverb You should make sure that you are perfect before you make fun of the deficiencies of others. — sakal colloq. very sparse beard, köseği prov. poker (for a fire); long stick charred at one end (used as a poker), kösele stout leather. — gibi colloq. leathery, tough (food). — suratlı colloq. shameless (person).
köseletaşı, -ni (../..) 1. corundum whetstone. 2. sandstone (for polishing marble). 3. shoemaker’s lapstone. köselik being naturally beardless or sparsely bearded, kösem see kösemen.
kösemen 1. lead goat; lead ram; bellwether. 2.
   ram trained to fight, kösemenlik being the lead goat/ram. — etmek colloq. to guide, lead, kös kös (/ .) colloq. looking neither right nor left.
köskötürüm (/...) colloq. completely paralyzed, kösnü 1. lust, desire, passion. 2. estrus, heat; rut.
kösnücül enslaved by lust.
kösnük in heat, estral; in rut.
kösnül 1. lustful, sensual, libidinous. 2. erotic.
kösnüllük 1. sensuality. 2. eroticism.
kösnüme being in heat; being in rut.
kösnümek to be in heat; to be in rut.
köstebek 1. zool. mole, Talpa europaea. 2.
   colloq., path, scrofula. 3. colloq. mole, spy. köstek 1. hobble. 2. watch chain; key chain. 3. chain (of a sword scabbard). 4. colloq. obstacle, impediment. —i kırmak colloq. 1. (for a child) to learn how to walk (for the first time). 2. to sever all one’s ties with a place. 3. to leave quickly, beat it. — olmak /a/ colloq. to impede, hinder. — vurmak /a/
   1. to hobble (a horse). 2. wrestling to get a grip on the leg/legs of (an opponent) with one’s arms.
köstekleme III 1. hobbling, fettering (a horse).
   2. colloq. hampering, impeding; bringing (a job) to a standstill.
                                                                     kösteklemek III 1. to hobble, fetter (a horse). 2. colloq. to hamper, impede; to bring (a job) to a standstill, kösteklenme 1. being hobbled. 2. tripping, stumbling. 3. colloq. being hampered; being
kösteklenmek
553
kötürümleşme
   brought to a standstill, kösteklenmek 1. to be hobbled. 2. to trip, stumble. 3. colloq. to be hampered; to be brought to a standstill, köstekli 1. hobbled. 2. (watch/key) that is on a chain.
köşe 1. comer. 2. out-of-the-way place, secluded spot, nook. — başı 1. street corner. 2. comer, situated at a corner. — bucak colloq. every nook and cranny, —sine/—ye çekilmek colloq. to live a quiet, simple life; to withdraw from the center of the stage; to withdraw from public life. — yi dönmek colloq. to make good, get where one wants to be in life, attain the (socioeconomic) status one has wished to achieve. — kadısı colloq. person who hates to be inconvenienced, person who loves his comforts. — kapmaca children's game puss in the corner, —ye oturmak obs. (for a girl) to get married. — taşı cornerstone. — taşı köşede yakışır/yaraşır, proverb (A cornerstone should be used on a corner.) A capable, qualified person should be given an important job. — yazarı columnist, one who writes a newspaper/magazine column. — yazısı (newspaper/magazine) column (an article), köşebent 1. angle iron. 2. cornerpiece. köşegen geom. diagonal (of a polygon/a polyhedron), köşek prov. foal of a camel, köşekleme prov. foaling (of a camel), köşeklemek prov. (for a camel) to foal, köşeleme diagonally; in a diagonal position, köşeli cornered, angled. — ayraç print, bracket, square bracket, köşelik 1. piece of furniture designed for a corner. 2. arch, squinch; pendentive. köşk, -kü 1. large wooden house (set in a big garden). 2. small, richly decorated outbuilding of a palace. 3. richly decorated hunting lodge.
köşklü obs. watcher in a fire tower, kötek cudgeling, drubbing, beating. — atmak/ çekmek /a/ to give (s.o.) a beating. — yemek to get a beating, kötekleme hi beating, giving (s.o.) a beating, köteklemek /ı/ to beat, give (s.o.) a beating, kötü 1. bad. 2. worthless, poor in quality. 3. evil, wicked. 4. angrily; malevolently; maliciously. 5. colloq. really (used as an intensi-fier): Kötü acıyor. It really hurts. — adam cin. heavy, bad man, villain. — beslenme malnutrition, —ye boğmak /ı/ slang to deceive, trick, cheat (s.o.). — emilim malabsorption. — günler hard times. — haber tez duyulur, proverb Bad news travels fast. — kadın colloq. prostitute, scarlet woman. — kişi olmak colloq. to become the target of someone’s/others’ dislike, be regarded as the person who’s in the wrong. — komşu insanı/ adamı hacet sahibi eder, proverb A bad neighbor will refuse to lend you things; thus
   you’ll end up having to buy whatever you lack. — kötü colloq. angrily; malevolently; maliciously. — kötü düşünmek colloq. to brood, think of troubling things, —ye kullanmak III colloq. to misuse (one’s authority); to abuse, take unfair advantage of. — söyleme eşine, ağı katar aşma, proverb (Don’t scold your wife, or she’ll put poison in your soup.) Don’t be harsh with your associates, or else they will get even with you. — söz insanı dininden çıkarır, (tatlı söz yılanı ininden çıkarır), proverb Harsh words only make people angry (but sweet words can charm a snake from its hole). — yola düşmek/sapmak colloq. 1. to become a prostitute. 2. to stray from the straight and narrow, begin to live immorally, kötücü malicious, malevolent, kötücül 1. malicious, malevolent; evil. 2. path. malignant. — kansızlık path, pernicious anemia. — kas güçsüzlüğü path, myasthenia gravis. — ur path, cancer, malignant tumor.
   —   ur yapan path, carcinogenic, cancero-genic.
kötüleme 1. hi speaking ill of, running down.
   2.  becoming haggard and weak (from illness).
kötülemek 1. hi to speak ill of, run down. 2.
   to become haggard and weak (from illness), kötülenme being disparaged, being run down, kötülenmek to be disparaged, be run down, kötüleşim med. deterioration, kötüleşme 1. becoming bad, deterioration. 2.
   colloq. becoming a prostitute, kötüleşmek 1. to become bad, deteriorate. 2.
   colloq. to become a prostitute, kötüleştirme hi causing (s.t.) to go wrong, spoiling, making a mess of; worsening, kötüleştirmek hi to cause (s.t.) to go wrong, spoil, make a mess of; to worsen, kötülük 1. bad condition. 2. malicious/evil action, wrong, harm. 3. badness, wickedness.
   —   etmek /a/ to do (s.o.) harm. — her kişinin kârı, iyilik er kişinin kârı, proverb Anybody can return evil for evil, but it’s the exceptional person who can return good for evil.
kötülükçü evil, wicked (person), kötümseme hi disparaging, belittling, kötümsemek hf to disparage, belittle, kötümser 1. pessimistic. 2. (a) pessimist, kötümserlik pessimism, kötürüm 1. paralyzed in the legs. 2. paralyzed, crippled (leg), —den aksak, hiç yoktan torlak yeğdir, proverb (Just as it’s better to be able to limp than to be paralyzed, so it’s better to have an untrained worker than none at all.) Something, even if it’s not much, is better than nothing at all. — olmak 1. to become paralyzed in the legs. 2. (for a leg) to become paralyzed, kötürümleşme 1. becoming paralyzed in the legs. 2. (of a leg) becoming paralyzed.
kötürümleşmek
554
 kriz
kötürümleşmek 1. to become paralyzed in the legs. 2. (for a leg) to become paralyzed, köy village. — enstitüsü formerly teacher training institute (v^hich prepared villagers to be teachers in village schools). K— işleri Bakanı the Minister of Village Affairs. K— İşleri Bakanlığı the Ministry of Village Affairs. — kurulu village council (official, elected body). — muhtarı village headman (elected official), köycü person working to improve the lot of the villager.
köydeş person from the same village as o.s., fellow villager, köylü 1. villager; peasant. 2. person from the same village as o.s., fellow villager, —nün kahve cezvesi karaca amma sürece, proverb The villager’s coffeepot may be black and ugly, but it’s always being put on the fire for visitors. — “Misafir kabul etmeyiz,” demez, “Konacak konak yoktur,” der. proverb People often won’t say “No,” outright; they just say it indirectly, köylülük 1. being a villager/a peasant. 2. behavior characteristic of a villager, köyodası, -m (/...) 1. room where villagers gather to talk. 2. room where strangers passing through the village can stay, köz 1. ashes (containing a few live coals). 2. live coals.
közleme 1. /ı/ cooking (a food) in hot ashes or over live coals. 2. (a) food cooked in hot ashes or over live coals, közlemek /ı/ to cook (a food) in hot ashes or over live coals.
Kr chem. Kr (krypton), kraça (/.) zool., see kıraça. kraft kâğıdı, -m kraft, kraft paper, kral 1. king. 2. colloq. super, Al, top-notch, —dan çok kralcı olmak colloq. (for a supporter) to be more devoted to a cause than the cause’s leader is. kralağacı, -m (/...) bot. kingwood, Dalbergia cearensis.
kralcı 1. (a) royalist. 2. royalist, royalistic, kraliçe (./.) queen. — an queen bee. — gibi colloq. beautiful and elegantly dressed (woman); queenly, kraliçelik (./..) queenship, queenhood, queen-dom.
kraliyet, -ti (—..) 1. kingdom. 2. kingship. — ailesi royal family, krallık 1. kingdom. 2. kingship, kramp, -pi med. cramp. — girmek /a/ to get a cramp (in) (a part of one’s body), krampon cleat (of an athletic shoe), kraniyoloji craniology. krank, -ki crankshaft, krater crater. — gölü crater lake, kravat, -ti tie, necktie, kreasyon creation, kreatin biochem. creatine, kreatinin biochem. creatinine.
kreatör creator.
kredi 1. good credit standing; good credit rating.
    2. bank loan, loan of money (obtained from a bank). 3. colloq. reputation, one‘s position in the public eye. 4. education credit, credit hour. — açmak /a/ 1. to let (s.o.) buy on credit. 2. (for a bank) to give (s.o.) a loan of money. — almak to get a bank loan, get a loan of money from a bank, —si düşmek 1. to lose one’s credit standing. 2. colloq. to lose the esteem of others. — kartı credit card. — limiti credit line, Brit, credit limit.
    —  mektubu letter of credit. — vermek /a/ (for a bank) to give (s.o.) a loan (of money).
krem 1. face cream; hand cream; cold cream;
    vanishing cream. 2. cream-colored, krema (/.) 1. cream filling (for pastries/cookies). 2. cream (from milk), kremalı (/..) cream-filled (pastry/cookie), krematoryum (../.) crematorium, kremkaramel caramel custard, creme caramel, kremleme /i/ applying (a cosmetic) cream to. kremlemek /i/ to apply (a cosmetic) cream to. kremşantiyi creme Chantilly, whipped cream, kreozot, -tu creosote.
krep, -pi 1. crepe (fabric). 2. crepe; pancake, hot cake, griddle cake. — döşin crepe de Chine.
krepon crepon. — kâğıdı crepe paper, kreş day nursery, day-center, creche, kreşendo (./.) mus. crescendo, kreten cretin, kretenizm path, cretinism, kreton cretonne, krezol, -1Ü chem. cresol. kriket, -ti sports cricket, kriko (/.) jack (lifting device). —ya almak /ı/ to jack (s.t.) up. kriminolog criminologist, kriminoloji criminology, kripto (/.) crypto, one who adheres/belongs secretly to a party, sect, or other group, kriptolog cryptologist, cryptographer, kriptoloji cryptology, kripton (/.) chem. krypton, kristal, -li 1. crystal. 2. slang cocaine, snow, kristalleşme crystallization, becoming crystallized.
kristalleşmek to crystallize, become crystallized.
kristalleştirme /ı/ causing (s.t.) to crystallize, crystallizing, crystallization, kristalleştirmek III to cause (s.t.) to crystallize, crystallize, kristaloit crystalloid, kriter criterion.
kritik 1. critical review, critique. 2. critical, crucial. 3. med. critical, kritisizm criticism, the art of criticism, kriyoskopi cryoscopy.
kriz 1. crisis. 2. fit of hysterics, attack of nerves.
    3. fit, attack. — geçirmek to have a fit of hysterics.
krizalit
555
kudurtmak
krizalit, -ti chrysalis.
krizantem bot. chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum.
krizolit, -ti chrysolite.
Jkroket, -ti croquette.
2kroket, -ti croquet (game).
kroki (/.) 1. roughly drawn plan/sketch/map;
    croquis; diagram. 2. plot, plat, krokodil crocodile, made of crocodile skin, krom chem. chrome, chromium, kromatik chromatic, kromatin biol. chromatin, kromatit, -ti biol. chromatid, kromatofor biol. chromatophore. kromoplast, -ti biol. chromoplast. kromosfer astr. chromosphere, kromotropizm chromotropism, chromotropy. kromozom biol. chromosome, kron koruna, crown (monetary unit of Czechoslovakia).
kronaksi physiol, chronaxie, chronaxia, chro-naxy. kronik chronic, kronograf chronograph, kronoloji chronology, kronolojik chronological, kronometre (../.) chronometer, kropi (/.) knot. — bağı figure-of-eight knot, kros 1. cross-country, long-distance running. 2.
    cross-country race, krosçu cross-country runner, kroşe boxing hook.
krş. 1. (abbr. for kuruş) kuruş, piaster. 2. (abbr.
    for karşılaştırınız) cf. (compare), krupiye croupier (at a gaming table), krupiyelik the work of a croupier, kruvaze 1. double-breasted (garment). 2. twilted (cloth).
kruvazör cruiser (warship).
ksenon (/.) chem. xenon.
ksilofon mus. xylophone.
kuaför 1. (ladies’) hairdresser. 2. barber.
kuartet, -ti mus. quartet.
kubaşma prov. doing a job together.
kubaşmak prov. to do a job together.
kubat, -ti prov. 1. hulking, big and clumsy. 2.
    coarse, crude (person), kubbe 1. dome (convex roof). 2. sky, vault of heaven, firmament. —leri çınlatmak colloq. to shout loud enough to wake the dead; to raise the roof.
Kubbealti, -m (./..) Ott. hist, room in Topkapi Palace where the grand vizier met with the Council of State, kubbeli 1. domed; furnished with domes/a dome. 2. dome-shaped, kubur 1. toilet hole; soil pipe. 2. quiver; quiver -shaped holder. 3. holster. 4. obs. a kind of pistol. — sıkmak to fire a pistol, kuburluk 1. powder flask. 2. holster, kucak 1. embrace; lap. 2. armful. —ta (baby) too young to walk, (babe) in arms. — açmak /a/ colloq. to receive (s.o.) with open arms;
   to take (s.o.) in; to take (s.o.) under one’s wing, —ma almak /ı/ to pick up and hold in one’s arms, take into one’s arms; to sit (s.o.) on one’s lap; to put (s.t.) on one’s lap.
   —  çocuğu colloq. babe in arms. — dolusu colloq. an armful. — ma düşmek Iml colloq. to find o.s. in the midst of (a bad situation, one’s enemies). — ta gezdirmek l\l to carry (a child) around in one’s arms. — kucağa colloq. 1. in each other’s arms, in each other’s embrace. 2. face to face, just opposite each other. — kucak colloq. 1. by the armloads, by the armfuls; in abundance. 2. armloads of, armfuls of; a great many, —tan kucağa dolaşmak/gezmek colloq. (for a woman) to have a succession of lovers; to be promiscuous. — ma oturmak /in/ to sit on (s.o.’s) lap.
kucaklama /ı/ 1. embracing, taking in one’s arms; hugging. 2. surrounding, kucaklamak hi 1. to embrace, take in one’s arms; to hug. 2. to surround, kucaklaşma embracing/hugging each other, kucaklaşmak to embrace/hug each other, kuçukuçu childs language doggie, bowwow, woof-woof.
kuçu kuçu (./ ..) Here! (said when calling a dog).
kudas the Eucharist, Holy Communion, Communion (Christian sacrament/rite), kudret, -ti 1. power, might, strength. 2. capacity, ability. 3. the omnipotence (of God). 4. financial resources, the wherewithal, —ten colloq. produced by natural forces, natural.
   —  hamamı Turkish bath (the water of which comes from a thermal spring). — helvası manna.
kudretli powerful; capable, kudretnari, -m (./..) 1. balsam apple (the fruit of the balsam apple plant). 2. bot. balsam apple, Momordica balsaminalMomordica charantia. kudretsiz powerless; incapable, kudretsizlik powerlessness; incapability, kudu (/.) zool. koodoo, kudu, koudou, Strep -siceros strepsiceros. kudurgan wild, uncontrollable (person), kudurma 1. becoming rabid, going mad, becoming hydrophobic. 2. being beside o.s. with anger, foaming at the mouth. 3. becoming uncontrollable, going wild, kudurmak 1. to become rabid, go mad, become hydrophobic. 2. to be beside o.s. with anger, be foaming at the mouth. 3. to become uncontrollable, go wild, kudurtma hi 1. causing (s.o./an animal) to become rabid. 2. enraging, causing (s.o.) to blow his/her stack. 3. making (s.o./s.t.) uncontrollable, driving (s.o./s.t.) wild, kudurtmak hi 1. to cause (s.o./an animal) to become rabid. 2. to enrage, cause (s.o.) to blow his/her stack. 3. to make (s.o./s.t.) uncontrollable, drive (s.o./s.t.) wild.
kuduruk
556
kulak
kuduruk 1. rabid, hydrophobic. 2. wild, uncontrollable (person), kuduz 1. rabies, hydrophobia. 2. rabid, hydro-phobic.
kuduzböceği, -ni (./...) zool. Spanish fly, blister beetle, Cantharis/Lytta vesicatoria. kuduzböcekleri, -ni (..'....) zool. Cantharidae. kuduzotu, -nu (./..) bot. madwort, alyssum, Alyssum. kudüm mus. a small double drum.
Kudüs (/.) Jerusalem.
kûfî (— —) 1. Kufic, Cufic. 2. Kufic, Kufic script.
kuğu zool. swan, Cygnus. kuğurma prov. cooing (of a pigeon), kuğurmak prov. (for a pigeon) to coo. kuintet, -ti mus. quintet.
*kuka (/.) ball (of thread used for embroidering or making lace).
2kuka (/.) 1. wood from the root of the coconut palm, coconut. 2. made from the root of the coconut palm, coconut, kukla (/.) 1. puppet; marionette; hand puppet.
    2.    puppet show. 3. colloq. puppet, a tool. — gibi oynatmak hi colloq. 1. to manipulate (s.o.) for one’s own ends. 2. to string (s.o.) along. — hükümet puppet government, kuklacı (/..) puppeteer, kuklacılık (/...) puppetry, kuku zool. cuckoo, Cuculus canorus. kukuç prov. stone (of a fruit), kukuleta (../.) hood; cowl, kukuletalı (../..) furnished with a hood/a cowl, kukulya (./.) silkworm cocoon. — fırtınası storm occurring about the middle of April, kukumav zool. little owl, Athene noctua. — gibi colloq. all alone, all by oneself. — gibi düşünüp durmak colloq. to brood forlornly, kukuriko (../.) child’s language rooster, cock, kul 1. slave. 2. mortal, hiiman being, man (in relation to God). — azmayınca Hak yazmaz. proverb As long as one keeps to the straight and narrow, God has nothing written against one in one’s book of deeds. — bunalmayınca Hızır yetişmez, proverb, see Kul sıkılmayınca Hızır yetişmez. — hatasız olmaz, proverb, see Kul kusursuz olmaz.
   —      köle olmak /a/ colloq. to serve (s.o.) with utter faithfulness and obedience. — kullanan, bir gözünü kör, bir kulağını sağır etmeli. proverb (If you have a slave, you should have one blind eye and one deaf ear.) A wise employer doesn’t call his/her employees to account for every mistake they make. — kurban olmak /a/ colloq., see kul köle olmak. — kusursuz olmaz, proverb Nobody’s perfect./To err is human. — sıkılmayınca Hızır yetişmez, proverb It’s only when a person’s problems become serious that he/she finds (or is granted) a solution to them. — taksimi equal division and distribution. — yapısı man-made, kula dun-colored (horse).
kulacik anat., see kulakçık, kulaç 1. fathom. 2. swimming stroke. 3. swimming crawl. — atmak to swim a stroke; to swim a crawl, crawl, kulaçlama 1. hi measuring in fathoms. 2. swimming a stroke; swimming a crawl, crawling, kulaçlamak 1. /ı/ to measure in fathoms. 2. to swim a stroke; to swim a crawl, crawl, kulağakaçan (../..) zool. earwig, Forficula. kulak 1. ear. 2. gill (of a fish). 3. tuning peg.
    4. natural sense of musical pitch, ear. 5. handgrip, lug, (rounded) handle (of a cooking pot), —mı açmak colloq. to listen carefully, —i ağır işitmek to be hard of hearing, be partially deaf. — akıntısı discharge from an ear. — asmak /a/ colloq. to pay attention (to); to heed, —tan âşık olmak /a/ colloq. to be in love with (s.o./s.t.) one has never seen. — ı (bir şeyde) olmak colloq. to be listening to. —tan burun yakın, kardeşten karm yakm. proverb 1. One’s child is dearer to one than one’s own brother/sister. 2. A person is more concerned about his/her own welfare than he’s/she’s that of his/her brother/sister. —mı bükmek Iml colloq. to forewarn. —ma çalınmak Iml colloq. to overhear (s.t.). —mı çekmek Iml 1. to pull (s.o.’s) ear. 2. colloq. to give (s.o.) a firm but gentle rebuke, —lan çınlamak for one’s ears to ring. — ı/—lari çınlasın, colloq. I wish he/she could hear this (said when something good is said of someone absent). —mi çınlatmak Iml colloq. to speak well of (s.o. absent). — delici colloq. earsplitting, deafening (noise), —i delik colloq. (person) who’s quick to pick news, —mı delmek lm! slang to tell (a gambler) that he’s been swindled.
    —larmı dikmek (for an animal) to prick up its earns, —mı doldurmak Iml colloq. to fill (s.o.) in, put (s.o.) in the know; to brief, prime. — dolgunluğu colloq. knowledge picked up here and there (by listening), —tan dolma colloq. (knowledge) picked up here and there (by listening), —lan dolmak colloq. to be fed up with hearing the same thing over and over again. — ı düşük colloq.
    1. listless, lifeless. 2. glum, blue. — erimi earshot. — ma gelmek colloq. to hear. — ma girmek colloq. to heed, take note of; to accept as true. — iltihabı path, ear infection.
    —  kabartmak colloq. to prick up one’s ears, be all ears. — larına kadar kızarmak to blush/flush hotly, go beet red. —tan kapmak hi colloq. to pick up (knowledge) here and there (by listening). — ma kar suyu kaçmak colloq. to hear some disquieting news.
    —  kepçesi anat. earlap, the external ear. — kesilmek colloq. to be all ears, listen attentively. —larmı kısmak (for an animal) to lay back its ears. — kiri earwax. —ı kirişte olmak colloq. to be all ears. — ma koymak /ı, m/ colloq. to fill (s.o.) in about; to prime (s.o.) about, —tan kulağa colloq. (news trav-
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kumanda
   eling) on the grapevine. — ma küpe olmak colloq. to be a lesson to, serve as a warning to, leave a lasting impression on. — misafiri olmak /a/ colloq. to overhear, —mı okşamak colloq. (for a sound or spoken words) to delight (one). — larının pasım gidermek colloq. (for music) to delight (one) because one hasn’t heard its like for a long time, —lan paslanmak colloq. not to have heard good music for a long time. — ına sokmak /i, m/ colloq., see kulağına koymak, —ma söylemek /ı, in/ to whisper (s.t.) in (s.o.’s) ear. —ı tıkalı 1. hard of hearing. 2. colloq. unwilling to listen; (person) who is not listening. — tıkamak /a/ colloq. to pretend not to hear; to ignore, —larmi tıkamak /a/ colloq. to shut one’s ears to, not to listen to. — tutmak /a/ colloq. to listen carefully (to).
   —  uğultusu ringing in the ears. — vermek /a/ colloq. to listen carefully (to). — yağı earwax, cerumen. — yolu anat. auditory canal.
kulakaltı, -m (./..) parotid. — bezi anat. parotid gland. — bezi yangısı path, parotitis, kulakçı colloq. ear doctor, ear specialist, kulakçık anat. atrium, auricle. — çırpmımı path, auricular fibrillation, kulakçın formerly earflap, earlap. kulakdemiri, -ni (./...) moldboard, breast board (of a plow), kulaklı 1. eared; -eared. 2. having two handgrips/lugs. 3. cooking pot that has two handgrips. 4. slang a dagger. — somun wing nut (a thumbnut). kulaklık 1. earflap, earlap. 2. headphone, earphone; earpiece. 3. hearing aid. kulakmemesi, -ni (./...) anat. ear lobe, kulaksız 1. earless. 2. without handgrips/lugs, kulaktozu, -nu (./..) anat. mastoid process.
   —na vurmak /m/ to box (s.o.) right on the ear.
kulaktözü, -nü (./..) anat., see kulaktozu, kulakzan, -ni (./..) anat. eardrum, tympanic membrane.
kulampara vulg. pederast, lover of boys; active male homosexual, kulan zool. kulan, koulan, a wild ass (of Central Asia), kule tower; turret.
kuleli towered; turreted. K— Askeri Lisesi Kuleli Military High School (in Istanbul), kulis 1. backstage, wings. 2. the hidden aspects of a matter. 3. curb exchange. — faaliyeti lobbying. — yapmak to lobby, work behind the scenes.
kullandırma /i, a/ making/letting (s.o.) use (s.t.).
kullandırmak /ı, a/ to make/let (s.o.) use (s.t.). kullanıcı user. — dostu user-friendly. — elki-tabi user’s manual, kullanılma being used, kullanılmak to be used, kullanılmış secondhand, used.
kullanım 1. using, use. 2. gram, usage. — kılavuzu user’s guide; user’s manual. — ı kolay user-friendly, kullanış way of using, usage; use. kullanışlı useful, handy; serviceable, kullanışsız useless, unhandy; unserviceable, kullanma /ı/ 1. using. 2. driving (a car). 3.
    using/taking/consuming (s.t.) regularly, kullanmak III 1. to use. 2. to drive (a car). 3.
    to use/take/consume (s.t.) regularly, kullap 1. device used to wind silver/gold wire onto thread. 2. pin in the heel of a gate on which it pivots, kulluk 1. slavery, servitude. 2. worship, adoration. 3. hist, police station. — etmek /a/ to serve (s.o.) slavishly, kulp, -pu 1. (rounded) handle. 2. colloq. pretext, —unu bulmak Iml colloq. to find a pretext for. — takmak /a/ colloq. to find fault with (s.t./s.o.). kulpa (/.) slang, see kolpo. kulplu having (rounded) handles, handled, kuluçka (./.) 1. broody; brooding, setting (hen bird). 2. broody hen. 3. hen (that has chicks); hen bird (that has young). — devri/dönemi incubation period (for eggs or a disease caused by a pathogen). — makinesi incubator. — olmak (for a hen bird) to be broody. —ya oturmak/yatmak (for a hen bird) to start to set/brood; to brood, set, incubate, kuluçkalık (./..) 1. being broody; brooding, incubating. 2. nest (egg), kulun prov. newborn foal. — atmak (for a mare/a jenny) to abort, kulunç 1. shoulder pain. 2. colic, acute abdominal pain. 3. severe pain, cramp. — kırmak to massage an aching place, kulunlama prov. foaling (of a mare/a jenny), kulunlamak prov. (for a mare/a jenny) to foal, kulunluk prov. uterus of a mare/a jenny, kulübe (./.) 1. hut; cabin; shack, shanty. 2.
    sentry box. 3. telephone booth. 4. tollbooth. kulüp 1. club, association, society. 2. clubhouse, club building, kulvar lane (in a road//a running track/a racing pool).
kum 1. sand. 2. gravel (in the kidneys). 3. hard granules (in fruits such as pears/quinces). — başı sandy beach. — fırtınası sandstorm. — gibi colloq. a great many. — havuzu sandbox (for children), —da oynamak colloq. to be left empty-handed (after having striven for s.t.). — saati hourglass. — torbası sand-bag.
kuma 1. fellow wife (in a polygamous household). 2. female concubine. — gemisi yürümüş, elti gemisi yürümemiş, proverb, see Ortak gemisi yürümüş, elti gemisi yürümemiş.
Kuman 1. (a) Cuman, (a) Kuman. 2. Cuman, Kuman.
kumanda 1. command, control, authority. 2. colloq. remote-control device/unit. — aygıtı/
kumandan                                          558
    cihazı remote-control device/unit. — çubuğu comp, joystick. — etmek /a/ to command, be in command of. kumandan 1. commander, commanding officer, commandant. 2. high-ranking officer, kumandanlık 1. commandership. 2. command post; command headquarters, kumanya (./.) 1. food (taken along to be eaten while traveling). 2. soldier’s rations (eaten during a march or in the field), field rations, kumar gambling. — kâğıdı playing cards (used in gambling). — masası gaming table. — oynamak 1. to gamble. 2. colloq. to embark knowingly upon a risky enterprise. — oyunu
    1. game of chance. 2. colloq. a risky business, a dangerous enterprise.
kumarbaz (habitual) gambler, kumarbazlık addiction to gambling, kumarcı (habitual) gambler, kumarcılık addiction to gambling, kumarhane (..— .) gambling house, gaming house.
kumaş cloth, fabric, material. — mengenesi mangle.
kumbalığı, -m (/...) zool. sand eel, sand lance, Ammodytes.
kumbalığıgiller (/.....) zool. Ammodytidae.
kumbara (/..) 1. piggy bank. 2. coin box, token box (of a turnstile, pay telephone). 3. obs., see humbara. kumbaracı (/...) obs., see humbaraci. kumcu dredger/seller of sand, kumcul bot. arenicolous. kumkuma 1. a jug; a vase. 2. ink bottle. 3.
    colloq. center, source; instigator, spreader, kumla sandy beach; sandy place, kumlama /ı/ 1. covering (s.t.) with sand, sanding. 2. sandblasting. 3. roughing, kumlamak !\l 1. to cover (s.t.) with sand, sand.
    2. to sandblast. 3. to rough.
kumlu 1. sandy. 2. (fruit) whose meat has a gritty texture. 3. (cloth) covered with woven dots, dotted, kumluk 1. sandy. 2. sandy place, kumotu, -nu (/..) bot. scabious, Scabiosa. kumpanya (./.) 1. company, business concern, firm (usually foreign). 2. theatrical company, troupe. 3. group, gang, band, bunch, kumpas 1. print, composing stick. 2. calipers, caliper compass. 3. caliper rule. 4. mariner’s compass. 5. slang dirty trick, piece of skulduggery. — kurmak slang to plot something nefarious, be up to no good. — sallamak slang 1. to be absentminded. 2. to consider something unimportant, kumral 1. brown (hair). 2. brown-haired (person).
kumru zool. dove, turtledove, Streptopelia tur-tur. —lar gibi sevişmek colloq. to be madly in love with each other, be like two turtledoves. — göğsü colloq. iridescent, kumsal 1. sandy beach/shore. 2. sandy, kumsallık sandiness, being sandy. /
                                                                                                     kupkuru
kumtaşı, -m (/..) geol. sandstone, kumuç prov. mosquito-like, injurious insect. Kumuk 1. Kumyk, Kumik, Kumuk, the Kumyk people. 2. (a) Kumyk, (a) Kumik, (a) Kumuk.
   3. Kumyk, of the Kumyk people or their language.
Kumukça (..'.) 1. Kumyk, Kumik, Kumuk, the Kumyk language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Kumyk, Kumyk. 3. Kumyk (speech/writing); spoken in Kumyk; written in Kumyk. kumul sand dune, dune, kunda zool. a large, poisonous spider, kundak 1. cloths used for swaddling, swaddling clothes. 2. gunstock. 3. bundle of oily rags (used by an arsonist to start a fire). — bezi cloth used for swaddling, —tan çıkmak to cease to need to be swaddled. — çocuğu (—taki çocuk) colloq. a babe in arms. — sokmak/koymak 1. /a/ (for an arsonist) to set fire to (a place) using a bundle of oily rags. 2. /arasma/ colloq. to set (two people) against (each other). 3. /a/ colloq. to sabotage, wreck (a project), kundakçı 1. gunstock maker. 2. arsonist, incendiary, firebug. 3. colloq. troublemaker, promoter of discord. 4. saboteur, kundakçılık 1. arson. 2. colloq. troublemaking. kundaklama /ı/ 1. swaddling. 2. mounting (a rifle barrel) on a stock. 3. setting fire to (a place) using a bundle of oily rags. 4. colloq. sabotaging, wrecking (a project). 5. colloq. tying up (one’s hair) with a head scarf, kundaklamak /ı/ 1. to swaddle. 2. to mount (a rifle barrel) on a stock. 3. to set fire to (a place) using a bundle of oily rags. 4. colloq. to sabotage, wreck (a project). 5. colloq. to tie up (one’s hair) with a head scarf, kundaklanma 1. being swaddled. 2. being fitted with a gunstock. 3. being set on fire (by an arsonist). 4. colloq. being sabotaged, being wrecked. 5. colloq. (of hair) being tied up with a head scarf, kundaklanmak 1. to be swaddled. 2. to be fitted with a gunstock. 3. to be set on fire (by an arsonist). 4. colloq. to be sabotaged, be wrecked. 5. colloq. (for hair) to be tied up with a head scarf, kundaklı swaddled, kundura (.'..) shoe.
kunduracı (/...) 1. seller of shoes. 2. shoemaker. 3. repairer of shoes, kunduz 1. zool. beaver, Castor fiber. 2. beaver, castor (fur).
kunduzböceği, -ni (./...) zool., see kuduzböceği.
kunt, -tu stout, strong, solid.
                                                                  'kupa (/.) 1. (metal) drinking cup; (metal) vase.
   2. cup (given as a prize), loving cup. 3. playing cards (a) heart.
2kupa (/.) coupe (horse-drawn carriage), kupes (/.) zool. boce, bogue, bogue bream, Box vulgaris. kupkuru (/..) bone-dry.
 kuplör                                              559
kuplör rail, coupling (device for joining railroad cars).
kupon 1. coupon. 2. piece of cloth sufficient to make one garment, kupür (a newspaper/a magazine) clipping.
*kur 1. rate of exchange. 2. course (of studies).
   —   farkı the degree of change in an exchange rate.
2kur courting, wooing. — yapmak /a/ to court, pay court to, try to woo; to cozy up to.
Kur. (abbr. for Kurmay) mil. 1. G.S.O. (general staff officer). 2. G.S. (general staff), kura 1. drawing of lots. 2. lot cast or drawn. 3. mil. conscription based on a drawing of lots.
   —   çekmek to draw lots. — efradı obs., mil. conscripts, —sı olmak /ml to be among those conscripted in (a certain year).
kurabiye (.—..) 1. cookie, cooky, Brit, sweet biscuit, Brit, tea biscuit. 2. savory biscuit.
   —   gibi colloq. (food) which is crisp and yet melts in the mouth.
kurada prov. old and worn-out. kurak 1. dry, rainless. 2. (soil) that won’t hold moisture, that dries out quickly, kurakçıl bot. xerophytic. — bitki (a) xerophyte. kuraklık drought, kural rule; regulation.
kuralcı 1. (person) who sticks strictly to the rules. 2. formalistic. 3. normative, prescriptive.
kuralcılık formalism.
kuraldışı, -ni (..'..) exceptional, not covered by a rule.
kurallaşma becoming a rule, kurallaşmak to become a rule, kurallaştırma hi making (s.t.) a rule, kurallaştırmak hi to make (s.t.) a rule, kurallı 1. (s.t.) which conforms to rules/a rule.
   2.  gram, regular.
kuralsız 1. (s.t.) which does not conform to rules/a rule, irregular. 2. gram, irregular, kuram theory, kuramca (./.) theoretically, kuramcı theorist, theoretician, kuramcılık preferring to think in theoretical, rather than practical, terms, kuramsal theoretical.
kuramsiz (s.t.) which lacks a theoretical basis. Kuran Koran, Quran. — i Kerim the Holy Koran, kuran current, flow, kurander draft, current of air. kurbağa zool. frog, Rana. — adam frogman.
   —   ağaca çıkınca .... colloq. When pigs learn to fly .... — testi frog test (for determining pregnancy).
kurbağabalığı, -ni (../...) zool. stargazer, Ura-noscopus scaber.
kurbağabalığıgiller (../.....) zool. Uranoscopi-
   dae.
kurbağacık 1. froglet, frogling. 2. path, ranula.
   3.  small monkey wrench. 4. handgrip (for a sash window).
                                                                                                          kurdurma
kurbağagiller zool. Batrachia/Amphibia. kurbağalama 1. breast stroke. 2. shinnying up/ down.
kurbağaotu, -nu (../..) bot. ranunculus, Ranunculus.
kurbağazehirigiller bot. Hydrocharitaceae. kurban 1. sacrificial animal, sacrifice. 2. the Feast of the Sacrifice, the Greater Bairam.
   3. colloq. victim (of an accident/a disaster).
   4. colloq. martyr. K—! colloq. Hey!/Hello mate! — ayı the month of Dhu’l-Hijja. K— Bayramı the Feast of the Sacrifice, the Greater Bairam. — eti meat from an animal that has been ritually sacrificed. — etiyle köpek tavlanmaz, proverb (A dog is not fattened with the meat of a sacrificed sheep.)
   1. For a person to prosper, his/her needs must be seen to regularly, not just once in a while.
   2. Some things cannot be given to just anyone who happens along. — etmek /ı, a/ to sacrifice (to). — gitmek /a/ colloq. to become an innocent victim (of), fall a prey to.
   —  kemiğiyle köpek tavlanmaz, proverb, see Kurban etiyle köpek tavlanmaz. — kesmek to kill an animal as a sacrifice. — olayım! colloq. 1. She’s/He’s/it’s so wonderful I feel like dying for her/him/it. 2.1 beg you!/ Please! — olmak /a/ 1. to sacrifice o.s. for, give one’s life for. 2. to be a victim (of). — payı meat given to the poor from a sacrifice.
   —  vermek colloq. to lose some people (through violent/unexpected death).
kurbanlık sacrificial (animal). — koyun gibi colloq. little suspecting the disaster that awaits one.
                                   kurca prov. act of scratching/irritating. — çıbanı boil/abscess inflamed by scratching, kurcalama hi 1. trying to jimmy or pry open.
   2.     scratching, rubbing, irritating. 3. going into, delving into, dwelling on (a matter), kurcalamak hi 1. to try to jimmy or pry open.
   2. to scratch, rub, irritate. 3. to go into, delve into, dwell on (a matter). Kurcalama sivilceyi çıban edersin, proverb (Don’t scratch a pimple or you’ll make it into a boil.) If you make too much of a fuss over a small problem, you’ll make it into a big problem.
kurcalanma 1. being tampered with, being monkeyed with. 2. being irritated/scratched.
   3.     being gone into, being dwelt upon, kurcalanmak 1. to be tampered with, be monkeyed with. 2. to be irritated/scratched. 3. to be gone into, be dwelt upon.
kurdele (..'.) ribbon, —sini kesmek Iml slang
   1.     (for a policeman) to give (a driver) a ticket (for a traffic violation). 2. to take the wind out of (s.o.’s) sails, kurdelebalığı, -ni (../...) zool. red bandfish, Cepola rubescens. kurdelebalığıgilier (../.....) Zool. Cepolidae. kurdeşen path, hives, urticaria, kurdurma /ı, a/ 1. causing (s.o.) to set up or assemble (s.t.). 2. causing (s.o.) to prepare
kurdurmak
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                                                                       (s.t.). 3. causing (s.o.) to found/establish (s.t.). kurdurmak h, sJ 1. to cause (s.o.) to set up or assenible (s.t.). 2. to cause (s.o.) to prepare (s.t.). 3. to cause (s.o.) to found/establish (s.t.).
kurdurtma /ı, a/ see kurdurma, kurdurtmak /ı, a/ see kurdurmak, kurgan 1. castle, fortress. 2. tomb, mausoleum.
    3.    mound, tell, kurgu 1. clock key; knob (for winding a watch), winder; watch key. 2. (act of) winding. 3. mech. mounting, fitting, assembly, assembling. 4. abstract thought, speculation. 5. assembly and editing (of a film). — yayı mainspring (of a clock/a watch), kurgubilim (./..) science fiction, kurgucu 1. mech. fitter, mounter, assembler (person). 2. cin. film editor, kurguculuk 1. mech. the job of a fitter/a mounter/an assembler; mounting, fitting, assembling. 2. cin. film editing, kurgusal theoretical, speculative, kurk, -ku prov. 1. broody hen bird. 2. setting hen bird. 3. hen bird that has chicks, kurlağan path, whitlow, felon, kurma 1. hi setting up, assembling, putting together. 2. h! setting (the table) (for a meal).
   3.     hi pitching (a tent). 4. hJ winding (a clock/ a watch). 5. Ill comp, installing. 6. hi cocking (a gun). 7. hi setting (a trap). 8. Ill preparing (a mixture) and setting it aside to pickle or ferment. 9. hi establishing, founding; forming, creating. 10. hi plotting, planning (s.t. bad). 11. hi indulging in (daydreams). 12. hi resolving (to do s.t.). 13. hi pondering, dwelling on. 14. hi setting (one person) against another. 15. prefabricated, kurmaci art 1. (a) constructivist. 2. constructivist.
kurmacılık art constructivism, kurmak hi 1. to set up, assemble, put together.
   2.     to set (the table) (for a meal). 3. to pitch (a tent). 4. to wind (a clock/a watch). 5. comp, to install. 6. to cock (a gun). 7. to set (a trap). 8. to prepare (a mixture) and set it aside to pickle or ferment. 9. to establish, found; to form, create. 10. to plot, plan (s.t. bad). 11. to indulge in (daydreams). 12. to resolve (to do s.t.). 13. to ponder, dwell on. 14. to set (one person) against another, kurup takma assembling, putting (s.t.) together, kurup takmak hi to assemble, fit together, put together, kurduğu tuzağa kendi düşmek colloq. to fall into one’s own trap, kurmay mil. 1. general staff officer. 2. general staff. — subay general staff officer, kurmaylık mil. being a general staff officer;
    the duties of a general staff officer, kurna marble basin (under a faucet in a bath).
   —   başı soygunu gibi colloq. 1. stark naked.
    2.    very poor, kurnaz cunning, foxy, kurnazca (./.) cunningly, foxily. I
kurnazlık 1. cunning, foxiness. 2. cunning action.
kuron 1. dent, crown. 2. krone, crown. 3. krona, crown.
'kurs 1. disk. 2. astr. disk.
                                 2kurs course, series of lessons. — görmek to attend a series of lessons, take a course, kursak 1. crop, craw. 2. colloq. maw, stomach.
   3.    dried bird’s craw. 4. made of the dried membrane of a craw. — ı boş colloq. hungry, starving, —mdan geçmemek colloq. to have no appetite because one misses someone who’s absent, kursaklı 1. (animal) that has a crop/a craw. 2.
   prov. goitrous (person), kurşun 1. lead. 2. bullet. 3. lead seal. — atmak to fire a gun; to shoot a bullet. — boku dross of lead, —a dizmek hi to execute (s.o.) by. shooting him/her, send (s.o.) to the firing squad. — dökmek to melt lead and pour it into cold water over the head of a sick person in order to break an evil spell. — erimi range of a rifle. — gibi colloq. like lead, very heavy. — kalıbı bullet mold. — suyu Goulard’s extract. — yağdırmak /a/ colloq. to rain bullets (on). — yağmuruna tutmak hi colloq. to rain bullets on. — yarası bullet wound.
kurşuncu person who casts lead to counteract the evil eye. kurşuni (.— —) lead-colored, gray, kurşunkalem (..'..) (lead) pencil, kurşunlama hi 1. leading, covering (s.t.) with lead. 2. sealing (s.t.) with a lead seal. 3. shooting.
kurşunlamak hi 1. to lead, cover (s.t.) with lead. 2. to seal (s.t.) with a lead seal. 3. to shoot.
kurşunlanma 1. being leaded, being covered with lead. 2. being sealed with a lead seal.
   3.    being shot, kurşunlanmak 1. to be leaded, be covered with lead. 2. to be sealed with a lead seal. 3. to be shot.
kurşunlu 1. (s.t.) that contains lead, leaded. 2. sealed with a lead seal. 3. covered with lead, leaded. — cam lead glass, kurşunsuz unleaded, lead-free. — benzin unleaded gasoline.
'kurt 1. zool. wolf, Canis lupus. 2. colloq. shrewd/foxy person. 3. colloq. wolf, masher. —un adı yaman çıkmış, tilki vardır (tilkicik var) baş keser, proverb A notorious scoundrel is not necessarily the most dangerous of scoundrels. — dumanlı havayı sever. proverb (A wolf loves foggy weather.) A person who’s up to no good loves a chaotic situation. — gibi colloq. shrewd, foxy. — gidişi lope, —la görüşürsen köpeğini yanından ayırma, proverb (One who’s going to deal with a wolf takes his/her dog along with him/her.) If you’re going to deal with an aggressive person, be ready to defend
1
 2kurt
   yourself. — kocayınca köpeğin maskarası
   olur, proverb (When the wolf becomes old it becomes the dogs’ laughingstock.) When a great person becomes old and powerless, worthless people make fun of him/her. — komşusunu yemez, proverb (The wolf does not eat its neighbor.) Even a complete scoundrel doesn’t harm those nearest him. —a konuk giden köpeğini yanında götürür. proverb, see Kurtla görüşürsen köpeğini yanından ayırma. — u koyunla barıştırmak colloq. to bring peace and harmony to a place, —la koyun, kılıçla oyun olmaz. proverb (One should neither put a wolf with the sheep nor play with swords.) Letting the weak and vulnerable live cheek by jowl with the strong and aggressive is like playing with fire. —u koyunla yürütmek colloq., see kurdu koyunla barıştırmak. — köyünü değiştirir, huyunu değiştirmez, proverb (Although a wolf may move to a new place, it still remains a wolf.) A treacherous, evil -minded person will always remain treacherous and evil-minded. — kuş colloq. every living, breathing thing. — kuş yuvasına döndü, colloq. There’s not a soul in sight.
   —      kuyusu pit trap, pjtfall (containing a sharpened stake), —a, “Neden boynun/ ensen kaim?” demişler, “İşimi kendim görürüm de ondan,” demiş, proverb (They asked the wolf why its neck was so strong, and it said, “It’s because I do my business myself.”) Self-reliance and independence breed strength, —la ortak olan tilkinin hissesi, ya tırnaktır, ya bağırsak, proverb (When a fox joins forces with a wolf its share is the claws or the guts.) When cunning teams up with brawn, it’s brawn that will have the final say. — tüyünü değiştirir, huyunu değiştirmez, proverb (Although a wolf may change its coat, it still remains a wolf.) A treacherous, evil-minded person will always remain treacherous and evil-minded. 2kurt worm; maggot; intestinal worm. — dökmek to pass worms, —larmi dökmek (—u-nu kırmak) to get rid of a desire to do something (by doing it to one’s heart’s content). — yapmak to give someone/an animal worms, cause someone/an animal to be infested with worms. — yeniği wormhole, kurtağzı, -m (/..) 1. naut. fairlead. 2. dovetail tenon.
kurtarıcı 1. savior, deliverer. 2. wrecker, tow truck.
kurtarılmak to be saved, be rescued, kurtarma rescue, recovery. — gemisi naut.
                                  rescue vessel. — ve yardım law salvage, kurtarmak /ı/ 1. to save, rescue. 2. to redeem (s.t. pawned). 3. to recover (one’s losses in a game). 4. colloq. (for a price) to be enough to satisfy the seller, kurtarmalik ransom.
kurtayağı, -m (/...) bot. club moss, lycopod,
561                                           kuru
   Lycopodium. — tozu med. lycopodium powder, ly copodium, kurtbağrı, -m (/..) bot. privet, Ligustrum vulgar e.
kurtbilim (/..) helminthology, kurtboğan bot. wolf’s-bane, monkshood, aconite, Aconitum napellus. kurtçuk larva.
kurtçul larvivorous, larviphagic. kurtkapani, -ni (/...) a wrestling hold, kurtköpeği, -ni (/...) 1. German shepherd, German police dog, Brit. Alsatian. 2. wolf dog (offspring of a wolf and a dog), kurtlandırma III causing (an object/a food/a dead body) to become infested with worms, kurtlandırmak h! to cause (an object/a food/a dead body) to become infested with worms, kurtlanma 1. (of an object/a food/a dead body) getting wormy, becoming infested with worms. 2. becoming agitated/impatient; fidgeting. 3. getting tired of sitting in one place, going stir crazy, kurtlanmak 1. (for an object/a food/a dead body) to get wormy, become infested with worms. 2. to become agitated/impatient; to fidget. 3. to get tired of sitting in one place, go stir crazy, kurtlu 1. worm-infested, wormy (object/food/ dead body). 2. fidgety. — baklanın kör alıcısı olur, proverb (Wormy beans find a blind buyer.) Even the most worthless things can find a buyer. — peynir/kaşar colloq. fidgety child.
kurtluca bot. germander, Teucrium. kurtmantan, -ni (/...) bot. puffball, Lyco-perdon.
kurt mas all, -m (/...) colloq. excuses that don’t hold water, bull. — okumak/söylemek /a/ to feed (s.o.) a lot of bull (in order to get o.s. off the hook), kurtpençesi, -ni (/...) bot. bistort, snakeweed, Polygonum bis tor ta. kurttırnağı, -m (/...) bot., see kurtpençesi. kurtulma 1. being rescued, being saved; escaping, escape. 2. giving birth. 3. (of s.t.) slipping out (of), falling out (of). 4. (of an animal) getting loose, breaking loose (from a restraining rope). 5. /dan/ getting shut of (s.o. unpleasant); being rid of (s.t./s.o. unpleasant), kurtulmak 1. to be rescued, be saved; to escape. 2. to give birth. 3. (for a job) to be finished, be completed. 4. (for s.t.) to slip out (of), fall out (of). 5. (for an animal) to get loose, break loose (from a restraining rope). 6. /dan/ to get shut of (s.o. unpleasant); to be rid of (s.t./s.o. unpleasant), kurtulmalık ransom.
kurtuluş 1. liberation. 2. release; escape. 3. salvation. K— Savaşı the Turkish War of Independence. — yok. /dan/ colloq. There is no way to avoid (it)./One can’t get rid of (him/her).
kuru 1. dry; dried. 2. dead (plant). 3. emaciated,
kurucu
562
kuruntulanma
    thin. 4. bare, unadorned, unfurnished. 5. empty, hollow, vain, meaningless. 6. dry, unfeeling, curt (utterance). 7. slang hashish, hash, —nun arasında yaş da yanar, proverb, see Kurunun yanında yaş da yanar.
    —  başına colloq. all alone. — başına kalmak colloq. to be left without friends or relatives, be all on one’s own. — çeşme dry fountain. — duvar dry wall. — ekmek colloq. dry bread, bread eaten with nothing else.
    —  erik prune. — fasulye 1. dried beans. 2. a dish made of stewed dried beans. — filtre dry filter (for an air conditioner). — gayret, çarık eskitir, proverb (Unplanned effort just wears out one’s shoes.) Haphazard, unplanned effort is wasted effort. — gürültü colloq. 1. meaningless excitement, much ado about nothing. 2. bluster, empty talk. — hastalık prov. tuberculosis. — hava dry air. — havuz naut. dry dock, floating dock, floating dry dock. — iftira colloq. sheer calumny.
    —  incik anat. fibula. — incir dried fig. — kafa kalmak colloq., see kuru başına kalmak. — kafes colloq. mere skeleton, skin and bones. — kalabalık colloq. 1. crowd of idle onlookers. 2. useless and worn-out things, junk, —da kalmak naut. (for a ship/ a boat) to be grounded at low tide. — kaymak clotted cream, Devonshire cream. — köfte fried meat patty. — kuruya colloq. uselessly, in vain. — kuyu dry well, cesspool, sink. — laf colloq. empty promise(s).
    —  laf karın doyurmaz, proverb Empty promises don’t fill one’s belly. — meyve bot. nut. — ot 1. hay. 2. dried herb. — öksürük dry cough. — poğaça a flaky, savory pastry.
    —  sıkı 1. blank (shot). 2. colloq. bluff, empty threat. — sıkı atmak colloq. to utter empty threats. — soğuk dry cold. — tahtada kalmak colloq. to be left without a stick of furniture in one’s house. — tekne hull, hulk.
    —  temizleme dry cleaning. — temizleyici dry cleaner. — üzüm raisins. — vaat colloq. empty promise, —nun yanında yaş da yanar. proverb (If it’s beside the dry wood the green wood also burns.) Sometimes the innocent suffer along with the guilty.
kurucu 1. founding. 2. founder. 3. charter member. — meclis constitutional assembly, constitutional convention. — üye charter member.
kuruçekim (./..) xeroxing (of printed matter), kurukafa (./..) 1. skull. 2. colloq. stupid person, dope. 3. zool. death’s-head moth, Acherontia. kurukahve (..'..) (roasted/ground) coffee, kurukahveci (./...) seller of ground coffee or roasted coffee beans, kuruköprü (./..) viaduct, kurul committee, kurulama /ı/ drying, wiping dry. kurulamak /ı/ to dry, wipe dry. kurulanma 1. being dried. 2. drying o.s. kurulanmak 1. to be dried. 2. to dry! o.s.
                                        /
kurulma 1. being founded, being established.
    2. (of a watch/a clock) being wound. 3. (of a table) being set. 4. swaggering, showing off; acting high and mighty. 5. /a/ getting comfortably settled in; sitting back comfortably in.
kurulmak 1. to be founded, be established. 2. (for a watch/a clock) to be wound. 3. (for a table) to be set. 4. to swagger, show off; to act high and mighty. 5. /a/ to get comfortably settled in; to sit back comfortably in. kurultay general assembly, general meeting (of an organization), kurulu 1. established, set up, formed. 2. /üzerine/ based on. 3. strung (bow); wound up (clock). 4. cocked, ready to fire (gun). — düzen the established order, the established regime, the set way of doing things, kuruluk 1. dryness. 2. thinness, leanness, kuruluş 1. founding, establishment. 2. organization, establishment, or institution (corporate body). 3. construction, structure. 4. disposition, distribution (of troops).
'kurum institution, association, society, foundation (corporate body). — konutu rent-free or low-rent housing (provided by an organization for its employees), —lar vergisi corporation tax.
2kurum soot. — tutmak to get full of soot. 3kurum swagger, putting on airs; acting high and mighty, —undan geçilmemek colloq. for s.o.’s airs or stuck-up behavior to be insufferable. — kurum kurulmak colloq. to be exceedingly stuck-up. — satmak colloq. to put on airs; to show off. kuruma 1. drying, getting dry. 2. (a plant’s) dying. 3. (a person’s) getting weak and thin, kurumak 1. to dry, get dry. 2. (for a plant) to die. 3. (for a person) to get weak and thin, 'kurumlanma getting sooty.
2kurumlanma putting on airs; acting high and mighty.
'kurumlanmak to get sooty.
2kurumlanmak to put on airs; to act high and mighty.
kurumlaşma turning into an institution, kurumlaşmak to turn into an institution, kurumlaştırma institutionalization, turning (s.t.)
    into an institution, kurumlaştırmak /i/ to institutionalize, turn (s.t.)
    into an institution.
'kurumlu sooty.
2kurumlu stuck-up, conceited, self-important, kurumsal institutional, kurunma drying o.s. kurunmak to dry o.s.
kuruntu groundless fear/worry/apprehension; needlessly fearing the worst. — etmek to worry for no good reason; to fear the worst needlessly.
kuruntucu anxious/apprehensive (by nature);
    (person) who always fears the worst, kuruntulanma worrying for no good reason;
 kuruntulanmak                                 563
   fearing the worst needlessly, kuruntulanmak to worry for no good reason;
   to fear the worst needlessly, kuruntulu (person) who has a groundless foreboding/apprehension, kuruş kuruş, piaster. — kuruş (—u kuruşuna) colloq. (reckoning/counting s.t.) down to the very last kuruş, kuruşlandırma 111 itemizing (a bill), kuruşlandırmak hi to itemize (a bill), kuruşluk worth (so many) kuruş, kurut, -tu any dried, dairy product (especially dried yogurt), kurutaç chem. desiccator, kurutma hi 1. drying. 2. blotting, drying (s.t.) with blotting paper. 3. causing (a plant) to die; withering (a plant). 4. desiccating; de-humidifying. — kâğıdı blotting paper, kurutmaç 1. blotter. 2. blotting paper, kurutmak Iı/ 1. to dry. 2. to blot, dry with blotting paper. 3. to cause (a plant) to die; to wither (a plant). 4. to desiccate; to de-humidify.
kurutucu 1. drying agent. 2. drying, siccative.
   3.    clothes drier. 4. dehumidifier, kurutulma being dried, kurutulmak to be dried, kuruyemiş (./..) 1. dried fruit. 2. (edible) nuts, kuruyemişçi (./...) seller of dried fruit and nuts, kurye (diplomatic) courier, kuskun crupper (harness strap). — u düşük colloq. (person) out of favor, in disgrace. — u koparmak slang to get away, make tracks, beat it.
kuskunsuz 1. (s.t.) that lacks a crupper strap.
   2.    colloq. untidy-looking, messy-looking (person), kuskus couscous.
kusma hi 1. throwing up, vomiting. 2. (of cloth) showing the marks of (a stain) despite cleaning; (of a fabric) showing traces of (its original color) despite dyeing, kusmak lif 1. to throw up, vomit. 2. (for cloth) to show the marks of (a stain) despite cleaning; (for a fabric) to show traces of (its original color) despite dyeing, kusacağı gelmek colloq. to feel like vomiting, feel nauseated, kusmuk vomit, vomited matter, kusturma hf making (s.o.) vomit, kusturmak fif to make (s.o.) vomit, kusturucu 1. emetic. 2. (an) emetic, kusuntu vomit, vomited matter, kusur 1. fault, defect, flaw, imperfection; shortcoming; drawback, disadvantage. 2. colloq., see küsur, —a bakma, colloq. I hope you’ll pardon me ./Please overlook what I’ve said/ done, —a bakmamak to pardon an impoliteness, overlook something unpleasant, let it pass. — etmek/işlemek to act wrongly, behave improperly, kusurlu 1. faulty, defective, flawed, imperfect.
   2.    at fault, in the wrong, kusursuz flawless, perfect. — dost arayan
kuşaklamak
   dostsuz kahr. proverb A person who looks for perfection in his/her friends ends up friendless. — güzel olmaz .proverb Even the best or the most beautiful things have their flaws.
kuş 1. bird. 2. slang stupid gambler. 3. slang raw, inexperienced. 4. slang penis, *pecker. —a benzemek colloq. (for s.t.) to be spoiled, be ruined, or be messed up unintentionally (usually because of abridgment/cutting), —a benzetmek hf colloq. to spoil (s.t.) by trying to improve it. — beyinli colloq. stupid, bird-brained, —a çevirmek hi colloq., see kuşa benzetmek, —a dönmek colloq., see kuşa benzemek. — gibi colloq. (person) light as a feather. — gibi uçup gitmek colloq. to die after a very short illness, go quickly, fade away fast. — gibi yemek colloq. to eat like a bird, eat very little. — kadar cam var. colloq. He’s/She’s small and puny. — kafesi gibi colloq. small and beautiful (building). —a kafes lazım, boruya nefes, proverb Do a job using the proper tools. — kanadıyla gitmek colloq. to go very fast, fly. — kanadına kira istemez, proverb (A bird does not expect to be paid rent for its wings.) One does not expect to be paid for work that one does for oneself. — kondurmak /a/ colloq. to make/decorate (s.t.) with great care and skill. — u kuşla avlarlar .proverb (They hunt birds with birds.) Set a thief to catch a thief.
   —   mu konduracak? colloq. Does he/she think he’s/she’s going to create a masterpiece? (said sarcastically), —a süt nasip olsa anasından olurdu, proverb (If birds had been granted milk, they would have drunk it from their mothers’ breasts.) You can’t have/ do something that nature didn’t intend you to have/do. — uçmaz, kervan geçmez colloq. desolate, lonely (place). — uçurmamak colloq. 1. not to allow anyone/anything to escape; not to allow anyone/anything to pass through without permission. 2. to be an alert person, be someone who’s always on the qui vive. — uykusu colloq. very light sleep. — var eti yenir, kuş var et yedirilir. proverb (You eat some birds, and you feed meat to others.) Some people you treat as servants, and others you wait on hand and foot. İnsan
   —   misali, colloq. It’s amazing how fast people can travel.
kuşak 1. (cloth) belt; sash; cummerbund. 2. reinforcing band, strap (wrapped around s.t.).
   3.  construction brace (of wood/steel). 4. generation (people bom during the same period).
   5.  comp, generation. 6. geom. zone (of a sphere). 7. (celestial/terrestrial) zone.
kuşaklama 1. hi banding, tying up, or securing (s.t.) (with a metal band). 2. bracing, strengthening. 3. bracing, system of braces.
kuşaklamak /ı/ 1. to band, tie up, or secure (s.t.) (with a metal band). 2. to brace, strengthen.
kuşaktaş
kuşaktaş 1. of one’s generation. 2. one’s contemporary.
kuşaktaşlık being of the same generation, contemporaneity, kuşam anything girded round the waist, kuşane (.—.) see kuşhane, kuşanılma (of a sword/a belt) being girded on, being put on. kuşanılmak (for a sword/a belt) to be girded on, be put on. kuşanma hi girding on, putting on (a sword/a belt).
kuşanmak hi to gird on, put on (a sword/a belt), kuşantı anything girded round the waist, kuşatılma being surrounded; being besieged, kuşatılmak to be surrounded; to be besieged, kuşatma 1. surrounding; besieging, siege. 2. /i, a/ girding (s.o.) with (a sword); wrapping (a belt/a sash) around (s.o.’s waist), kuşatmak 1. hi to surround; to besiege. 2. /i, a/ to gird (s.o.) with (a sword); to wrap (a belt/a sash) around (s.o.’s waist), kuşbakışı, -m (/...) bird’s-eye view, kuşbaşı, -m (.'..) 1. butchery (meat) cut in small chunks. 2. colloq. (snow) falling in big flakes. 3. butchery (cutting up meat) in small chunks. 4. colloq. (snowing) in big flakes, kuşbaz raiser/trainer/seller of birds, kuşbilim (/..) ornithology, kuşbilimci (/...) ornithologist, kuşbilimsel (/...) ornithological, ornithologic. kuşburnu, -nu (/..) 1. bot. dog rose, Rosa canina. 2. hip, rose hip, rose haw. kuşçu 1. raiser/trainer/seller of birds. 2. slang pimp, pander, kuşçuluk raising/training/selling birds, kuşdili, -ni (.'..) 1. a kind of pig Latin in which each syllable is reduplicated with a g substituted for the consonant. 2. bot. rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis. kuşekâğıdı, -m (./...) glossy paper, kuşekmeği, -ni (/...) bot. pennycress, Thlaspi arvense.
kuşet, -ti berth (on a train/a ship); couchette, kuşgömü, -nü (/..) pastrami made from fillet of beef.
kuşhane (.—.) 1. aviary. 2. small saucepan, kuş kirazı, -m (/...) bot. European bird cherry, Prunus padus. kuşkonmaz bot. 1. asparagus, Asparagus officinalis. 2. asparagus fern, smilax, Asparagus asparagoides. kuşku suspicion; doubt. — duymak /dan/ to suspect; to get suspicious about; to doubt, be in doubt about, kuşkucu 1. suspicious by nature, skeptical. 2. phil. skeptical, sceptical. 3. someone who is suspicious by nature, (a) skeptic. 4. phil. (a) skeptic, (a) sceptic, kuşkuculuk 1. being suspicious by nature, skepticism. 2. phil. skepticism, scepticism, kuşkulandırma hi causing (s.o.) to suspect, arousing (s.o.’s) suspicions; /i, dan/ causing
564                                       kutlulama
        (s.o.) to be in doubt about, kuşkulandırmak hi to cause (s.o.) to suspect, arouse (s.o.’s) suspicions; /i, dan/ to cause (s.o.) to be in doubt about, kuşkulanma /dan/ suspecting; getting suspicious about; doubting, being in doubt about.
     kuşkulanmak /dan/ to suspect; to get suspicious about; to doubt, be in doubt about, kuşkulu 1. suspicious, distrustful. 2. suspicious, arousing suspicion. 3. doubtful, unlikely. — uyku evin bekçisidir, proverb A person who sleeps lightly guards his/her home well, kuşkululuk suspiciousness, kuşkusuz 1. unsuspecting, trusting. 2. certainly, undoubtedly. 3. definite, certain, kuşkusuzluk lack of suspicion, kuşlak place abounding in game birds, kuşlama slang (of a student) studying very hard, cramming.
     kuşlamak slang (for a student) to study very hard, cram, kuşlokumu, -nu (/...) a small, hard cookie, kuşluk midmoming; late morning. — yemeği midmoming snack, kuşmar bird trap.
     kuşotu, -nu (/..) bot. common chickweed, Stellar ia media. kuşpalazı, -m (/...) path, diphtheria, kuşsütü, -nü (/..) colloq. any nonexistent, unobtainable thing, —nden başka her şey var. colloq. There’s everything you can think of to eat. — ile beslemek h! colloq. to nourish (s.o.) with the very finest of foods, kuştüyü, -nü (/..) 1. down (feathers). 2. stuffed with down, down. — gibi colloq. as soft as a feather bed, very soft, kuşüzümü, -nü (/...) 1. currant (a tiny, black raisin). 2. bot. a grapevine (whose raisin is known as a currant), kuşyemi, -ni (/..) 1. canary seed. 2. bot. canary grass, Phalaris canariensis. kut, -tu 1. luck, good luck. 2. happiness, kutan a large plow.
     kutankuşu, -nu (./..) zool. a large, web-footed bird.
     kutlama 1. congratulating, congratulation. 2. celebrating, celebration. 3. celebration, celebratory ceremony. — töreni celebration, celebratory ceremony, kutlamak III 1. to congratulate. 2. to celebrate, kutlanma 1. being congratulated. 2. being celebrated.
     kutlanmak 1. to be congratulated. 2. to be celebrated.
     kutlu lucky, auspicious, blessed. — gün doğuşundan (bellidir), (kutlu yaz yağışından). proverb You can somehow tell at the very outset of a matter whether or not it’s going to end well. — olsun. Happy ...!: Bayramınız kutlu olsun. Have a happy Bairam!/Have a happy holiday! kutlulama h! 1. congratulating. 2. celebrating.
kutlulamak
 565
kuyruk
kutlulamak hi 1. to congratulate. 2. to celebrate, kutluluk good fortune; blessedness, kutsal holy, sacred. K— Kitap the Holy Bible, the Bible.
 kutsallaşma becoming holy; being regarded as sacred.
 kutsallaşmak to become holy; to be regarded, as sacred.
kutsallaştırma 111 causing to be regarded as holy/sacred; causing to be revered, kutsallaştırmak hi to cause to be regarded as holy/sacred; to cause to be revered, kutsallık holiness, sacredness, kutsama 111 sanctifying, sanctification; hallowing; consecrating, consecration; blessing, kutsamak 111 to sanctify; to hallow; to consecrate; to bless, kutsi (.—) holy, sacred, kutsiyet, -ti holiness, sacredness, kutsuz unlucky, inauspicious, kutsuzluk bad luck.
kuttören (/..) religious rite, religious ceremony, kutu 1. box, case. 2. tin can, can, Brit, tin (for canned food). 3. pop-top can, aluminum can: Bana beş kutu bira ver. Give me five cans of beer. — gibi colloq. small but pleasant, cozy (house), kutucu maker/seller of boxes, kutucuk 1. cassette (for a cassette player-re-corder). 2. video cassette. — lu ses aygıtı cassette player-recorder. —lu televizyon cassette television set, videoplayer, kutup, -tbu 1. (geographic/celestial/electrical/ magnetic) pole. 2. colloq. (an) expert, (an) authority. — dairesi polar circle. — kuşağı polar zone, frigid zone. — uzaklığı polar distance, codeclination, kutupayısı, -m (./...) zool. polar bear, Ursus maritimus. kutupengel (./..) elec. depolarizer, kutuplanma (a compass needle’s) being attracted towards a magnetic pole, kutuplanmak (for a compass needle) to point towards a magnetic pole, kutuplaşma being polarized, being divided into opposing groups, kutuplaşmak to be polarized, be divided into opposing groups, kutupsal polar.
 kutuptilkisi, -ni (./...) zool. arctic fox, white fox, Alopex lagopus.
 Kutupyıldızı, -ni (./...) astr. the North Star, Polaris.
kutur, -tru obs., geom. 1. diameter. 2. diagonal of a polygon, kuvaför see kuaför, kuvantum phys. quantum, kuvars geol. quartz, kuvarsit, -ti geol. quartzite.
Kuvayı Milliye (.—. ...) hist, the Nationalist Forces (led by Atatürk during the Turkish War of Independence), kuvertür bedspread.
Kuveyt (/.) 1. Kuwait. 2. of Kuwait, Kuwait. Kuveytli (/..) 1. (a) Kuwaiti. 2. Kuwaiti (person), kuvöz see küvöz.
kuwe 1. mil. effective force. 2. mil. muster roll.
    3. mil. strength (the personnel on a muster roll). 4. potential, potentiality. 5. obs., med. faculty, sense, —den fiile çıkarmak 111 to put (a plan) into action; to carry out, realize, —den fiile çıkmak/gelmek to be put into action. — de olmak to be under consideration.
kuvvet, -ti 1. strength, power; force; vigor. 2. math, power. — almak /dan/ to be strengthened by. — bulamamak /a/ colloq. to be unable to bring o.s. to; to lack the courage to. — çifti mech. couple, —ten düşmek to weaken, lose strength. — ilacı tonic (a medicine). — komutanları the commanding officers of the army, navy, and air force. — macunu colloq. a rich candy made with fruit and nuts (that is supposed to be an aphrodisiac). — vermek /a/ colloq. 1. to strengthen. 2. to encourage, hearten. 3. to apply o.s. to, give (s.t.) one’s close attention, kuvvetle (./.) 1. by force, using force. 2. emphatically, insistently, kuvvetlendirici strengthening; strength-giving, kuvvetlendirme 111 strengthening, kuvvetlendirmek hi to strengthen, kuvvetlenme gaining in strength; becoming strong/powerful, kuvvetlenmek to gain in strength; to become strong/powerful, kuvvetli strong, powerful; forceful; vigorous, kuvvetölçer (./..) dynamometer, kuvvetsiz weak, feeble, without strength, kuvvetsizlik weakness, feebleness, kuyruk 1. tail. 2. rear end, tail end, tail (of a vehicle/a procession). 3. line, Brit, queue. 4. follower, attendant; retinue, suite (said sarcastically). 5. train (of a dress). 6. ponytail. 7. corner (of the eye). 8. breech (of a cannon). — acısı colloq. desire for vengeance; rancor. — una basmak Iml colloq. to make (s.o.) angry, put (s.o.) in a temper.
    —ta beklemek to wait in line. — çekmek /a/ colloq. to draw a line extending away from the corner of (one’s eye) (with a cosmetic). —u dikmek colloq. to run away; to take to one’s heels, skedaddle, —a girmek to join the line, Brit, get in the queue. — u kapana kısılmak/sıkışmak colloq. to be in a tight spot, be in a difficult position, —unu kısmak 1. to tuck its tail between its legs.
    2. colloq. to be cowed, tuck one’s tail. — u-nu kıstırmak Iml colloq. to put (s.o.) in an embarrassing position, take (s.o.) down a peg or two, put (s.o.) in his/her place. — olmak to line up, form a line, Brit, queue up. — omurları anat. coccyges. — sallamak 1. to wag its tail. 2. colloq. to fawn over someone, play up to someone. — una teneke bağla-
kuyrukkakan                                      566
                                                                   mak /in/ colloq. to make (s.o.) a laughingstock. —u titretmek/titremek slang to die, kick the bucket, give up the ghost, kuyrukkakan zool. 1. stonechat, chat, Saxicola torquata. 2. whinchat, chat, Saxicola rubetra.
   3.     wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe. kuyruklu 1. tailed, having a tail. 2. colloq. scorpion. — kurbağa zool. tadpole. — piyano grand piano. — yalan colloq. big lie, whopper.
kuyrukluyıldız (../..) astr. comet. — başı astr. the head of a comet. — çekirdeği astr. the nucleus of a comet. — saçı astr. coma, kuyruksallayan zool. yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava.
kuyruksokumu, -nu           1. anat. the end of
   the spinal column (formed by the sacrum and coccyx). 2. tail end, tail, behind, rump. — kemiği anat. coccyx, os coccygis. kuyruksuz tailless, without a tail, kuyruksuzlar zool. Ranidae. kuyrukyağı, -m (./..) fat rendered from the tail of a sheep.
kuytu 1. quiet and secluded. 2. off the beaten path, out-of-the-way. kuyu 1. well. 2. pit; deep hole. 3. (mine) shaft.
   —  açmak to dig a well; to dig a pit. — bileziği wellcurb. — fındığı a hazelnut that has been picked green and then buried for a time so that it will acquire a special flavor.
   —  gibi colloq. 1. very deep. 2. (place) that resembles a dark hole, —sunu kazmak /m/ colloq. to lay a trap for (s.o.) to walk into.
   —  kebabı meat put in an earthen pot and roasted in a hole in the earth.
kuyucu well digger; well driller, kuyum obs. jewelry, kuyumcu jeweler, kuyumculuk the work of a jeweler, kuz shady (side of a place), kuzen (male) cousin.
Kuzey 1. the North. 2. Northern, kuzey 1. the north. 2. the North; the northern provinces of Turkey. 3. northern. 4. Northern.
   5.    shady side. 6. north wind. K— Kutbu the North Pole. — noktası astr. North Pole, the north celestial pole. — uç north pole (of a magnet). K— Yarıküre the Northern Hemisphere, kuzeybatı (./..) northwest.
Kuzey Denizi, -ni the North Sea. kuzeydoğu (./..) northeast.
Kuzey İrlanda Northern Ireland.
Kuzey Kore 1. North Korea. 2. North Korean, of North Korea.
Kuzey Koreli 1. (a) North Korean. 2. North Korean (person).
Kuzeyli Northerner.
                                                                   kuzeyli 1. northerner, person who comes from the northern part of a place. 2. Northerner.
   3.     Northern (person), kuzeysel north, northern, kuzgun zool. raven, Corvus cor ax. —a yav-
                                                                                                  küçük
   rusu Anka/şahin/güzel görünür, proverb (A baby raven is a phoenix in the eyes of its parents.) 1. Parents are blind to the truth when it comes to their children. 2. One is often blind to the faults in one’s own work, kuzguncuk small iron grate (set in the door of a prison cell), kuzguni (.— —) raven black, kuzgunkılıcı, -m (./..I) bot. gladiolus, gladiola, gladiole, Gladiolus. kuzin (female) cousin, kuzina (./.) see kuzine, kuzine (./.) (small, iron, wood-burning) cook-stove.
kuzu 1. lamb. 2. a small fruit that has become joined to a larger fruit while growing. 3. slang passive male homosexual, queen. — m colloq. dear, honey; my dear fellow; my dear boy. — çevirmek to roast a lamb on a spit.
   —  çevirmesi lamb roasted on a spit. — derisi lambskin. — dolması roast lamb stuffed with rice. — gibi colloq. 1. (child) who’s as good as gold. 2. sweet-tempered, mild-man-nered, gentle, meek, lamblike; inoffensive. — kuzu colloq. without so much as a word of protest; sweetly and docilely. — postuna bürünmek colloq. (for a guilty/vicious person) to act as if he’s/she’s as innocent/gentle as a lamb.
kuzudişi, -ni (./..) baby tooth, milk tooth, kuzugöbeği, -ni (./...) bot. agaric, Agaricus campestris.
kuzukestanesi, -ni (./.— ..) a small chestnut (eaten raw), kuzukulağı, -m (./...) bot. sheep sorrel, sheep’s sorrel, Rumex acetosella. kuzulama 1. lambing, giving birth to a lamb.
   2.    (crawling) on all fours, kuzulamak 1. to lamb, give birth to a lamb. 2.
   (for a baby) to crawl on all fours, kuzulaşma becoming as gentle as a lamb, kuzulaşmak to become as gentle as a lamb, kuzulu 1. pregnant (ewe). 2. (ewe) which has a lamb.
kuzuluk 1. lamb fold. 2. colloq. docility, gentleness, sweetness. — kapısı small door set in a large door, wicket door, kuzumantan, -ni (./...) bot. morel, Morchella esculenta.
kuzusarmaşığı, -m (./....) bot. field bindweed, wild morning glory, Convolvulus arvensis. Küba (/.) 1. Cuba. 2. Cuban, of Cuba.
Kübalı (/..) 1. (a) Cuban. 2. Cuban (person), kübik 1. cubic, cubical. 2. art cubistic, kübist, -ti art 1. (a) cubist. 2. cubist, cubistic, kübizm cubism (art movement), küçücük (/..) very small, tiny, wee. küçük 1. little, small. 2. young, little. 3. petty, small, small-minded. 4. petty, minor, low -ranking. 5. miniature, small-scale. 6. petite, dainty. K—! colloq. Hey little one! (said to a child). — ad first name. — aptes 1. (human) urine. 2. the need to urinate. — aptesi
küçükağaçkakan
   gelmek to need to urinate. K— Asya Asia Minor. — ay colloq. February. K— Bayram the Lesser Bairam (the celebration immediately following Ramazan), —ten beri ever since childhood. — burjuva petit bourgeois.
   —  burjuvazi petite bourgeoisie. — dağları ben yarattım demek colloq., see alçacık dağları ben yarattım demek. — deli, büyük deli, beşikteki başını sallar, colloq. (The children are crazy; the grownups are mad; and the babe in the cradle is a drooling idiot.) There’s not a one of them that’s sane.
   —  düşmek colloq. to lose face, be humiliated; to humiliate o.s. — düşürmek l\l colloq. to humiliate (s.o.). — gelmek to be too small, not to fit. — gezegen astr. asteroid, planetoid. — görmek /ı/ to regard (s.o./s.t.) as inferior, not to think much of. — göstermek/görünmek to look younger than one is. — harf minuscule. — ilanlar classified ads, classified advertisements, Brit, small ads.
   —  köyün büyük ağası, colloq. He really thinks he is something, but he’s only a big fish in a very little pond! — kurna slang the vice-chairman of a school discipline committee. — mevlit ayı Rabi II (the fourth month of the Muslim calendar). — oynamak (for a gambler) to play for small stakes. — önerme log. minor premise. — parmak little finger/toe. — su colloq. (human) urine. — su dökmek colloq. to urinate. — terim log. minor term. — tövbe ayı Jumada II (the sixth month of the Muslim calendar).
küçükağaçkakan (./....) zool. lesser spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos minor.
Küçükayı (./..) astr. the Little Bear, Ursa Minor.
küçükbalaban (./...) zool., see cücebalaban. küçükbaş (./.) a sheep/a goat. — hayvanlar sheep/goats, küçükdil (./.) anat. uvula, —ini yutmak colloq. to be greatly surprised, be dumfounded. küçükhindistancevizi, -ni (./....) 1. nutmeg.
   2.    bot. nutmeg tree-, Myristica fragrans. küçükkarabatak (./....) zool., see riicekara-
   batak.
küçükkartal (./..) zool., see cücekartal. küçükleme hi prov. humiliating (s.o.). küçüklemek hi prov. to humiliate (s.o.). küçükleşme 1. growing smaller. 2. humiliating o.s.
küçükleşmek 1. to grow smaller. 2. to humiliate o.s.
                                                               küçüklü used in: — büyüklü 1. of all sizes, big and small. 2. of all ages, young and old. küçüklük 1. smallness, littleness. 2. childhood.
   3.    pettiness, meanness, small-mindedness, küçükseme hi see küçümseme, küçüksemek hi see küçümsemek, küçükşalgam (./..) bot. rape, Brassica napus. küçülme 1. shrinking, becoming small. 2. being
   humiliated.
küçülmek 1. to shrink, become small. 2. to be
567                                           kiiheylan
         humiliated.
      küçültme hi 1. making (s.t.) smaller; shrinking, diminishing. 2. humiliating, humiliation. 3. deprecating, deprecation; underrating. — eki gram, diminutive suffix, küçültmek III 1. to make (s.t.) smaller; to shrink, diminish. 2. to humiliate. 3. to deprecate; to underrate, küçültücü derogatory, disparaging, deprecatory, küçümen colloq. 1. rather small. 2. tiny, very little, pee wee. küçümseme hi 1. looking down on, despising.
         2. underrating, belittling, minimizing, küçümsemek III 1. to look down on, despise.
         2. to underrate, belittle, minimize, küçümsenme 1. being looked down on, being despised. 2. being underrated, being belittled, being minimized, küçümsenmek 1. to be looked down on, be despised. 2. to be underrated, be belittled, be minimized, küçürek prov. rather small, küf mold; mildew. — bağlamak to get moldy, mold; to mildew. — kokmak to smell musty.
         —  kokusu musty smell. — tutmak see küf bağlamak.
      küfe 1. pannier, tall basket made of wicker. 2.
         slang buttocks, bottom, fanny, ass. küfeci 1. maker/seller of panniers. 2. porter (who carries goods in a pannier), küfelik 1. basketful. 2. colloq. too drunk to walk, under the table, blotto, küffar (.—) 1. infidels, unbelievers; polytheists.
         2. colloq. non-Muslims, küflendirme hi causing (s.t.) to mold/mildew, küflendirmek hi to cause (s.t.) to mold/mildew, küflenme 1. mildewing; molding, getting mold on it, getting moldy. 2. colloq. becoming fusty/fogyish/moldy. 3. moldering away, rotting (from lack of use), küflenmek 1. to mildew; to mold, get mold on it, get moldy. 2. colloq. to become fusty/ fogyish/moldy. 3. to molder away, rot (from lack of use), küfletme hi causing (s.t.) to mold/mildew, kiifletmek hi to cause (s.t.) to mold/mildew, küflü 1. moldy; mildewy; musty. 2. colloq. fusty, fogyish, moldy. 3. joc. moldy coin; moldy bill; moldy shekel, küflüce (./.) any fungus disease (affecting people/plants/animals). küfran obs. ingratitude, ungratefulness, küfretmek (/..) /a/ to curse, swear (at), küfür 1. swearing, using profanity, cussing. 2. swearword, oath, cuss. 3. (-frü) ungodliness, impiety, blasphemy; atheism; polytheism. — etmek (—ü basmak/savurmak) to swear, cuss.
      küfürbaz foulmouthed.
      küfür küfür (./ ..) (for a wind to blow) softly and coolly, küfüv, -ffü obs. like, equal, match, peer, kiiheylan (full-blooded) Arabian horse, Arabian.
kükre
568
külot
    —  at, çul içinde de bellidir, proverb (You can spot an Arabian horse right away, even if it’s hidden in a sack.) You can spot a good person right away, no matter how unprepossessing his/her appearance may be.
kükre prov. 1. ruttish, rutty. 2. enraged, mad (animal).
kükreme 1. roaring (of a lion). 2. shouting, roaring, bellowing (usually with rage), kükremek 1. (for a lion) to roar. 2. to shout, roar, bellow (usually with rage), kükürt chem. sulfur, sulphur, kükürtatar (./..) geol. solfatara (place), kükürtçiçeği, -ni flowers of sulfur, kükürtleme /i/ dusting (s.t.) with sulfur, kükürtlemek /i/ to dust (s.t.) with sulfur, kükürtlenme being dusted with sulfur, kükürtlenmek to be dusted with sulfur, kükürtlü sulfurous, sulphurous, containing sulfur.
'kül ash. — etmek hi colloq. to destroy (s.t./ everything s.o. owns). — gibi colloq. ashen (face), —ünü göğe savurmak Iml colloq., see külünü savurmak. — kesilmek colloq. (for s.o.’s face) to blanch, go ashen. — olmak 1. to become ashes, be reduced to ashes. 2. colloq. to be utterly ruined, lose all that one owns. 3. colloq. to be worn out from grieving. — pidesi a thin, flat bread baked in hot ashes, —ünü savurmak /m/ colloq. to destroy (s.t.) so that no trace of it is left.
    —  tablası ashtray. — yakısı blister made of hot ashes. — yutmak slang to be duped, get taken for a ride.
2kül, -İli the whole, all. külah 1. conical hat. 2. paper cone (used as a bag). 3. (ice-cream) cone. 4. colloq. trick. 5. spire (surmounting a minaret/a tower). Ali’nin —mı Veli’ye, Veli’nin külahını Ali’ye giydirmek colloq. to rob Peter to pay Paul. — ima anlat! colloq. Tell me another one!/I don’t believe a bit of it! —lan değişmek/değiştirmek colloq. to have a falling -out, quarrel with each other. — ima dinlet! colloq., see Külahıma anlat! — giydirmek /a/ colloq. to play a trick on. —ını havaya atmak colloq. to be very happy, be on cloud nine. — kapmak colloq. to get an important job through chicanery, —mı önüne koyup/ alıp düşünmek colloq. to think about a matter long and hard, chew something over. — peşinde olmak colloq. to try to gain an important post through chicanery. — sallamak /a/ colloq. to truckle to, toady to. —mı ters giydirmek /a/ colloq. 1. to make (s.o.) regret something, teach (s.o.) a thing or two. 2. to be a real fox, be someone one must be wary of.
külahçı colloq. trickster, tricky character, sharpie.
külahlı 1. (person) wearing a conical hat. 2.
    spired, furnished with a spire, külbastı grilled cutlet.
külçe 1. ingot (cast metal). 2. nugget, lump (of unrefined metal). 3. bunch. — gibi oturmak colloq. to flop down, plop down, plunk o.s. down (because of great fatigue), külçeleşme 1. hardening in a lump. 2. being exhausted, being ready to drop, külçeleşmek 1. to harden in a lump. 2. to be exhausted, be ready to drop, külek prov. a pot (with a handle across its top); pail, bucket (of wood/leather), külfet, -ti 1. trouble, inconvenience, bother. 2. great expense. — etmek to inconvenience
    o.s., put o.s. out. külfetli 1. troublesome, burdensome. 2. (s.t.)
    that requires great expense, külfetsiz 1. easy, untroublesome. 2. (s.t.) that does not require great expense, külhan boiler room (under a Turkish bath), külhanbeyi, -ni (./..) (a) tough, (a) rowdy, hoodlum, hooligan, hood, külhancı stoker (working in the boiler room of a Turkish bath), -nin beyliği hamamcılık demişler, proverb (To a stoker becoming a gentleman means becoming the manager of a bath.) To an unskilled laborer, going up in the world means becoming the foreman of a gang of roustabouts.
külhani (.------) 1. (a) tough, hoodlum, hood.
    2.    little dickens, little rascal, scamp, külkedisi, -ni (/...) colloq. 1. person who always sits near the fire, person who hates the cold. 2. supine, indolent, lethargic, külleme 1. /ı/ covering (s.t.) with ashes; sprinkling (s.t.) with ashes. 2. a fungus blight, küllemek hi to cover (s.t.) with ashes; to sprinkle (s.t.) with ashes, küllenme 1. being covered with ashes; being sprinkled with ashes. 2. fading away (of a painful memory); cooling down, dying down (of one’s feeling of hurt or anger), küllenmek 1. to be covered with ashes; to be sprinkled with ashes. 2. (for a painful memory) to fade away; (for one’s feeling of hurt or anger) to cool down, die down, külli (.—) obs. 1. total, complete. 2. much, a great deal of; many, numerous, külliyat, -ti complete works, collected works (of an author), külliye complex of buildings adjacent to a mosque.
külliyen (/..) obs. totally, entirely, completely, külliyet, -ti obs. 1. completeness, entirety. 2.
    abundance, külliyetli a lot of, a great deal of. küllü (s.t.) that contains or is mixed with ashes; ashy. — su lye (leached from ashes and used in laundering), küllük 1. ashtray. 2. ash heap, ash pile. 3. ash-pan; ash can; ash bucket, küllüm slang lie, whopper, külot, -tu 1. (women’s) panties; (men’s) undershorts, underpants, briefs. 2. riding breeches; jodhpurs. — etek culottes (divided skirt).
külotlu
569
2küre
külotlu used in: — çorap panty hose, pantihose. külrengi, -ni (/..) 1. ash-colored, ashen; gray.
    2. ash gray; gray, kült, -tü 1. cult (a system of religious worship).
    2. cult, religion. 3. cult (the rites, ceremonies, and practices of a religion).
külte 1. geol. rock mass. 2. ingot (cast metal).
    3. nugget, lump. 4. bunch.
kültivatör cultivator; harrow (farming implement).
kültive cultured, culture, grown/produced under artificial conditions. — inci cultured pearl, culture pearl, kültür 1. culture (of a particular society). 2. culture, refinement, cultivation. 3. thorough knowledge (of a particular subject). 4. culture (of microorganisms in media). K— Bakanı the Minister of Culture. K— Bakanlığı the Ministry of Culture. — farkı culture gap.
    —     şoku culture shock, kültürel cultural. — antropoloji cultural anthropology. — evrim cultural evolution, kültürfizik physical-fitness exercises, kültürlü cultured, kültürsüz uncultured, külünk, -gü pickax, pick, külüstür colloq. dilapidated-looking, old and beat-up looking; junky-looking; ramshackle; old and beat-up; good-for-nothing. — araba jalopy, rattletrap. — marka colloq. old and beat-up looking; dilapidated; worthless (vehicle, piece of equipment), küm prov. 1. heap. 2. small sheepfold, kümbet, -ti large tomb with a dome-shaped/ conical roof, küme 1. heap, mound, pile. 2. group. 3. sports league. — dirikliği group dynamics, —den düşmek sports (for a team) to drop into a lower-ranking league. — küme 1. in heaps. 2. in groups. 3. many heaps of. 4. many groups of. — sağaltımı group therapy, kiimebulut, -tu (./..) cumulus cloud, cumulus, kümeç biol. colony, kiimekent, -ti (./.) conurbation, kümeleme 1. hi heaping up, piling up. 2. Ill grouping (people/things) together. 3. cin. shooting in one sequence all the scenes in which the same set is used, kümelemek hi 1. to heap up, pile up. 2. to group (people/things) together, kümelenme 1. being heaped up, being piled up. 2. forming a group. 3. /a/ clustering around (a place).
kümelenmek 1. to be heaped up, be piled up. 2. to form a group. 3. /a/ to cluster around (a place), kümeleşim physiol, agglutination, kümeleşme forming groups, kümeleşmek to form groups, kümes 1. coop (for poultry). 2. colloq. tiny house. — hayvanları poultry, kümülatif cumulative. — olarak cumulatively, kümültü prov. shack (in the woods); rude
    hunting cabin, kümülüs (./.) cumulus cloud, cumulus, küncü prov. sesame seeds, künde 1. fetter, hobble. 2. a wrestling hold, —den atmak III 1. to throw (s.o.) to the ground. 2. colloq. (deliberately) to cause (s.o.) to trip up, cause (s.o.) to make a mistake, trick (s.o.). künefe a dessert made of cheese and telkadayif and served hot. küney sunny side (of a place), künk, -kü/-gü (clay/cement) pipe; pipe; tile, künye 1. a person’s vital statistics, brief curriculum vitae. 2. document showing someone’s curriculum vitae. 3. identification tag, dog tag; identification bracelet, —si bozuk colloq. (s.o.) with a black mark on his/her record, with a bad record, with a checkered past, —sini okumak Iml colloq. to chew (s.o.) out something fierce, give (s.o.) what for. —sini silmek Iml slang to kick (s.o.) out, give (s.o.) the old heave-ho.
 'küp, -pü 1. large, earthenware jar. 2. slang drunk, three sheets in the wind. — lere binmek colloq. to get into a towering rage, blow one’s top. —ünü doldurmak colloq. to feather one’s nest. — gibi colloq. (as) fat as a pig. — e küp deyince küp adama düp der. proverb (If you tell a jar it’s a jar, it’ll call you a bear.) If you’re going to call a spade a spade, be prepared to be called something in return. — e sıçan düşmek slang to get pregnant, get in the family way. — yıkamak slang to paint the town red, live it up.
 2küp 1. cube. 2. cubic. — şeker cube sugar, lump sugar.
küpe 1. earring. 2. dewlap; wattle. 3. pendant, prism, luster (of a chandelier), küpeçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. fuchsia, Fuchsia.
 küpeçiçeğigiller (./.....) bot. Onagraceae.
küpeli 1. earringed. 2. dewlapped; wattled, küpeşte (./.) 1. naut. rail, railing; gunwale, gunnel. 2. handrail, banister, balustrade, küpkök, -kü (/.) math, cube root, küpleği prov. eye, handle-hole (in the head of an ax/an adz/a mattock/a pick), küpleme prov., path, abdominal dropsy, ascites, küplü 1. furnished with a large, earthenware jar. 2. slang cheap, dirty bar. 3. slang drunkard, sot, alky, kür 1. rest cure. 2. cure, regimen, regime, kürar curare.
küraso curaçao, curaçoa (a liqueur), küratif curative, kürdan toothpick, kürdanlık toothpick holder, kürdi (.—) classical Turk. mus. a makam. — li hicazkâr a makam.
 'küre 1. globe, sphere. 2. globe (model of the earth). 3. the earth, the world. — kuşağı 1. astr. (terrestrial) zone. 2. geom. zone of a sphere.
 2küre prov. smelting furnace, smelter.
kürecik
 570
küsülü
kürecik 1. globule. 2. corpuscle.
kürek 1. shovel. 2. oar; paddle. 3. baker’s peel.
   —   cezası formerly, law 1. condemnation to the galleys. 2. imprisonment with hard labor.
   —   çekme sports rowing, crew. — çekmek to row; to paddle. — kadar dili var. colloq. He’s/She’s as sassy /impudent as they come.
   —   kemiği anat., see kürekkemiği. — kürek by the shovelsful. — yarışı sports rowing competition, boat race.
kürekayaklılar (./....) zool. Pelecaniformes. kürekçi 1. oarsman, rower. 2. maker/seller of shovels/oars. 3. stoker (on a boat); fireman (of a steam locomotive), kürekçilik 1. rowing, being a rower. 2. making/ selling shovels/oars, kürekkemiği, -ni (./...) anat. shoulder blade, scapula, küreleme hi see küreme, kürelemek hi see küremek, küreme hi shoveling up, clearing (s.t.) away with a shovel, küremek hi to shovel up, clear (s.t.) away with a shovel.
küresel 1. spherical. 2. global, worldwide. — gökbilimi spherical astronomy. — üçgen geom. spherical triangle, küreselleşme globalization, küreselleşmek to spread throughout the world, become prevalent/current throughout the world, küret, -ti curette, kürevi (..—) obs. spherical, küriyum (/..) chem. curium, kürk, -kü 1. fur. 2. made of fur. 3. (a) fur, garment made of fur. — ile börk ile adam olunmaz, proverb Clothes don’t make the man. — ü orak vaktinde, orağı kürk vaktinde. proverb (Buy fur in the summer, and sickles in the winter.) If you buy things when there is no market for them, you’ll end up paying less, kürkas 1, bot. physic nut tree, Jatropha curcas.
   2. physic nut. kürkçü furrier. — dükkânı 1. furrier’s shop. 2. colloq. the place one returns to in the end, home base, home port, —nün kürkü olmaz, börkçünün börkü. proverb (The furrier has no fur to wear, and the hatter is bareheaded.) He/She looks after the needs of everybody but himself/herself, kürkçülük furriery; the work of a furrier; the fur business, kürklü 1. (s.o.) who is wearing a fur, befurred, furred. 2. fur-trimmed, furred. 3. fur-bearing, kürneme prov. huddling together, kürnemek prov. to huddle together, kürsü 1. podium, rostrum; pulpit. 2. (raised, throne-like) seat (from which an imam preaches). 3. teacher’s desk. 4. professorship, chair. — taşı rectangular pedestal (for a statue/a bust).
Kürt 1. (a) Kurd. 2. Kurdish, of or pertaining
   to Kurds or their language, kürtaj 1. abortion. 2. curetting, curettage. — olmak to have an abortion, kürtajcı abortionist.
Kürtçe (/.) 1. Kurdish, the Kurdish language.
   2.    (speaking/writing) in Kurdish, Kurdish. 3. Kurdish (speech/writing); spoken in Kurdish; written in Kurdish, kürtün prov. 1. (a large) packsaddle. 2. snowdrift; drifted snow, kürüme hi shoveling up, clearing (s.t.) away with a shovel, kürümek hi to shovel up, clear (s.t.) away with a shovel.
küs child's language sullen, mad, put out, peeved.
küseğen 1. easily offended, touchy. 2. bot. sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica. küskü 1. prov. long, pointed bar; crowbar. 2 prov. poker (for a fire). — dişleri chisel teeth (of rodents), küskün 1. disgruntled, offended, put out, peeved. 2. bot. sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica. 3. (plant) that won’t grow properly, küskünlük misunderstanding, disagreement, küs küs (/ .) sullenly, angrily, peevishly, resentfully.
küsküt, -tü bot. dodder, lovevine, Cuscuta. küskütgüler bot. Cuscutaceae. küskütük (/..) colloq. 1. stiff as a board. 2. dead drunk, blind drunk, stinking drunk, stinko. 3. very, dead, blind, stinking (drunk), küsme 1. /a/ being put out (with), being offended (by), being mad (at). 2. (of a plant) refusing to grow properly. 3. (of s.t.) not developing as it should, küsmek 1. /a/ to be put out (with), be offended (by), be mad (at). 2. (for a plant) to refuse to grow properly. 3. (for s.t.) not to develop as it should, küspe 1. bagasse; residue, pulp (of crushed fruits/seeds). 2. oil cake, küstah insolent.
küstahça (./.) insolently, in an insolent manner, küstahlaşma starting to behave insolently, küstahlaşmak to start behaving insolently, küstahlık insolence; effrontery. — etmek to behave insolently, küstere (/..) 1. a carpenter’s plane. 2. a hard stone from which a millstone is cut. 3. grindstone.
küstümotu, -nu (./..) bot. sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica. küstürme hi offending, küstürmek hi to offend, küsur 1. (a) remainder, what’s left over. 2. -odd, and a bit, and then some: elli bin küsur lira fifty thousand-odd liras, küsurat, -ti (.—.) the remainder, what’s left over.
küsü prov. misunderstanding, disagreement, küsülü prov. offended, put out, or on bad terms (with each other).
küsüşme
küsüşme getting cross with each other, getting on bad terms with each other, küsüşmek to get cross with each other, get on bad terms with each other, küşne prov., bot. black pea, black vetchling, Lathyrus niger. küşüm prov. suspicion, doubt, küşümcü prov. 1. suspicious by nature; skeptical. 2. (a) skeptic, küşümcülük prov. being suspicious by nature;
    skepticism, küşümlenme prov. getting suspicious, küşümlenmek prov. to get suspicious, küşümlü prov. 1. suspicious, arousing suspicion.
   2.  doubtful, unlikely.
küt, -tü 1. stubby, short and thick. 2. blunt, dull.
   —   diye colloq. with a thud, with a thump, with a clonk.
kütikül bot., zool. cuticle, kütin bot. cutin.
                                                                     küt küt (/ .) (knocking/banging) sharply, with force; resoundingly; (beating) thuddingly.
    —     etmek (for one’s heart) to pound, kütle 1. mass, large block/chunk. 2. phys. mass.
   3.  crowd of people. — sayısı phys. mass number.
kütleşme getting dull, getting blunt, kütleşmek to get dull, get blunt, kütletme ill pounding on sharply, knocking/ banging on resoundingly, kütletmek hi to pound on sharply, knock/bang
571                                            küvöz
         on resoundingly, kütlü prov. unginned cotton, küttedek (/..) colloq. with a thud, with a clonk, kütük 1. trunk (of a tree). 2. stump, stub (of a tree/a bush). 3. log. 4. chopping block. 5. ledger, register. — gibi colloq. 1. greatly swollen, all swollen up. 2. dead drunk, blind drunk, stinking drunk, stinko. kütüklük cartridge pouch; cartridge belt, kütüphane (..— .) 1. library. 2. bookcase. 3. obs.
         bookshop, kütüphaneci (..—..) librarian, kütüphanecilik (..— ...) 1. the work of a librarian, librarianship. 2. library science, kütürdeme 1. making a crunching sound, crunching. 2. snapping, cracking (when broken).
     kütürdemek 1, to make a crunching sound, crunch. 2. to snap, crack (when broken), kütürdetme hi 1. crunching. 2. snapping, cracking, making (s.t.) snap/crack, kütürdetmek hi 1. to crunch. 2. to snap, crack, make (s.t.) snap/crack, kütür kütür (./ ..) 1. crunchingly, with a crunching sound. 2. firm and crunchy (fruit), kütürtü 1. crunch, crunching sound. 2. crack, snap, cracking/snapping sound, küvet, -ti 1. bathtub. 2. (any small, shallow) basin/pan. 3. phot, developing tray. 4. bedpan.
     küvöz incubator (for premature infants).
L
L 1. the letter L. 2. L (the Roman numeral symbol for 50). — demiri angle iron, angle bar.
La chem. La (lanthanum), la mus. 1. A. 2. la.
labada (./.) bot. patience, patience dock, Rumex patientia. labirent, -ti labyrinth; maze, laborant, -ti laboratory assistant, laborantlık 1. being a laboratory assistant. 2.
   working as a laboratory assistant, laboratuvar laboratory, labrador geol. labradorite. labros (/.) zool. a large wrasse, Labrus. labunya (./.) slang passive male homosexual, fag.
lacivert (—..) navy blue; dark blue. — taşı geol. lapis lazuli, laçka (/.) colloq. 1. (place) that is no longer being run efficiently/properly; (system) that is no longer working properly, that has degenerated. 2. (s.o.) who no longer puts forth an effort, who has quit trying. 3. (s.o.) who has let his/her principles slide, who-has let his/her principles go by the board. 4. (relationship/situation) whose participants have allowed their principles to go by the board.
    —  etmek III 1. naut. to let (a rope/an anchor) go, cast; to cast off (a line); to slacken/untie (a rope). 2. to cause (a screw/a machine part) to get loose or to develop some play. 3. colloq. to make (a part of one’s body) feel/go limp/flaccid. 4. colloq. to cause (a place) to stop running efficiently/properly; to cause (a system) to stop working properly. 5. colloq. to cause (s.o.) to stop putting forth an effort.
    6. colloq. to cause (s.o.) to let his/her principles slide. 7. colloq. to cause (a relationship/a situation) to become marked by a lack of principle. — olmak 1. naut. (for a rope/ an anchor) to be cast; (for a line) to be cast off; (for a rope) to be slackened/untied). 2. (for a screw/a machine part) to loosen or develop some play. 3. colloq. (for a part of one’s body) to feel/go limp/flaccid. 4. colloq. (for a place) to stop running efficiently/properly; (for a system) to stop working properly.
    5. colloq. (for s.o.) to stop putting forth an effort, stop trying, quit. 6. colloq. (for s.o.) to let his/her principles slide, let his/her principles go by the board. 7. colloq. (for a relationship/a situation) to become marked by a lack of principle.
laçkalaşma (/...) colloq. 1. (of a part of one’s body) feeling/going limp/flaccid. 2. (of a place) not running efficiently/properly any more; (of a system) not working properly any more. 3. not putting forth an effort any more, not trying any more, quitting. 4. letting one’s principles slide, letting one’s principles go by the board. 5. (a relationship’s/a situation’s) becoming marked by a lack of principle.
laçkalaşmak (/...) colloq. 1. (for a part of one’s body) to feel/go limp/flaccid. 2. (for a place) to stop running efficiently/properly; (for a system) to stop working properly. 3. (for s.o.) to stop putting forth an effort, stop trying, quit. 4. (for s.o.) to let his/her principles slide, let his/her principles go by the board. 5. (for a relationship/a situation) to become marked by a lack of principle, laçkalık (/..) 1. slackness, slack (in a rope); looseness, play (in a machine part). 2. slippage, falling off, falling away (from a level/ condition); (moral) backsliding. 3. slacking off (in one’s efforts), laden (—.) bot. gum cistus, (a) rockrose, Cistus ladaniferus. — reçinesi labdanum, ladanum. ladengiller (—...) bot. Cistaceae. lades (—.) a game played with a wishbone. — kemiği wishbone. — tutuşmak /la/ to play lades with (s.o.). ladin bot. spruce, spruce tree, Picea.
ladini (----------) obs. nonreligious, secular.
laedri (—.—) obs. anonymous, author unknown.
laf 1. remark; word. 2. expression, utterance, statement. 3. empty words, hot air, nothing but talk. 4. conversation, talk. 5. the subject of a conversation. L—! colloq. What nonsense !/That’s bull! —i ağzında gevelemek colloq. to talk around the subject; not to come out with what’s on one’s mind. — ı ağzından kaçırmak colloq. to let something slip, say something inadvertently, let the cat out of the bag. — ı ağzında kalmak colloq. to be unable to finish what one was saying; (for s.o.) suddenly to go silent. — altında kalmamak colloq. to give as good as one gets (in an argument). — ı ağzına tıkamak /in/ colloq. to shut (s.o.) up. — anlamaz colloq. 1. thickheaded; stupid. 2. obstinate, muleheaded. — anlatmak /a/ colloq. to try to bring (s.o.) round (to one’s own point of view), try to make (s.o.) understand some-
laf                                            573
   thing. — aramızda .... colloq. This is just between you and me ./Let’s keep this to ourselves ./Entre nous. — atmak colloq. 1. /a/ to make a rude remark about (s.o.) within his/her hearing. 2. /a/ to make an improper innuendo/suggestion to (a woman one doesn’t know), proposition. 3. to have a chat.
   —mi/—mizi balla kestim, colloq. Excuse me for interrupting you. —ım bilmek colloq. to think before one opens one’s mouth, be careful about what one says, —a boğmak h! colloq. to drown (a topic) in a flood of words, —i çevirmek colloq., see lafı değiştirmek. — çıkmak colloq. for a rumor to start going around. — ı çiğnemek colloq. to beat around the bush, —a dalmak colloq. to become lost in conversation. — değil, colloq. It’s serious./This isn’t just idle talk. —ı değiştirmek colloq. to change the subject.
   —  dinlemek colloq. to heed what one is told; to act on someone’s advice. — dokundurmak /a/ colloq. to make wisecracks (about), make barbed remarks (about). — düşmemek /a/ colloq. 1. for there to be no need for (s.o.) to talk. 2. (for s.o.) not to get a chance to speak. — etmek colloq. 1. Ill to gossip about (s.t.). 2. /la/ to talk (with), chat (with). —mi etmek Iml to talk about (s.t.). —in gümrüğünü vermek slang to start yakking again; to keep on yakking. — işitmek colloq. to get a dressing down. — kaldırmamak colloq. not to be able to take a joke, not to be able to take it. — kıtlığında asmalar budayayım. colloq. You’re talking nonsense! — körüğü colloq. windbag (person). — lafı açar, colloq. One topic leads to another.
   —i mı olur? colloq. Don’t mention it!/It’s a pleasure! (said to s.o.for whom one has done or wishes to do a favor). — ola. colloq. What hogwash!/It’s just so much hot air! — olur. colloq. There’ll be gossip./It’ll set tongues wagging. — olsun diye colloq. (saying s.t.) just to make conversation, merely for the sake of saying it. —la peynir gemisi yürümez. proverb (A cheese ship doesn’t run on talk.) Mere talk won’t get anything done.
   —la pilav pişerse deniz/dağ kadar yağı benden, proverb (If you could make pilaf with talk, I could supply you with mountains of butter.) If words were deeds, the biggest talkers would be the most successful people on earth. — söyledi balkabağı, colloq. You’re full of bull! —mı şaşırmak colloq. to be at a loss for words. — taşımak colloq. to retail gossip. — torbaya girmez, proverb (What has been said won’t disappear into a bag.) Once you’ve said something, you can’t unsay it. —a tutmak hi colloq. to engage (s.o.) in conversation (thus making him/her stop what he’d/she’d been doing). — ı uzatmak colloq. to take a long time explaining something. — ü güzaf see lafügüzaf. —a yekûn tutmak slang to finish what one’s
                                                                                         lahmacun
                           saying, wrap it up. — yetiştirmek colloq. 1. to reply quickly and in kind, promptly to give as good as one gets. 2. /a/ (for a child) to talk back to, sass (an older person). — yok. /a/ colloq. There’s nothing wrong with .... lafazan 1. very talkative, garrulous. 2. bragging, braggart, braggadocian (person), lafazanlık 1. being very talkative, garrulousness, garrulity. 2. bragging, braggadocio, brag, lafçı colloq. 1. very talkative, garrulous. 2. eloquent, (s.o.) who speaks with eloquence. 3. gossipy, bigmouthed, lafçılık colloq. 1. being very talkative, garrulousness, garrulity. 2. being eloquent, eloquence, eloquentness (of a person). 3. being gossipy, gossipiness, being a bigmouth. lafebesi, -ni (/...) colloq. 1. (a) great talker; chatterbox. 2. someone who is quick at repartee.
lafız, -fzi obs. utterance, thing uttered/expressed, —i murat 1. something said merely for the sake of saying it; something said but not meant. 2. something that’s all symbol but lacking in substance; meaningless display, laflamak colloq. to chat, talk, lafügüzaf (—..—) stuff and nonsense, lagar (—.) obs. thin and weak (animal), lagos zool., see lahos. lagün geog. lagoon, lagune. lağap prov. nickname, epithet, lağım 1. (underground) sewer. 2. mil. underground tunnel, mine. — açmak 1. to build a sewer. 2. mil. to mine. — atmak to explode a mine, —la atmak hi to blow (s.t.) up by mining it. — bacası manhole (of a sewer).
    —  çukuru cesspit; cesspool. — kazmak 1. to dig a sewer. 2. mil. to mine. — kuyusu cesspool. — patlamak for a sewer to burst.
   —      suyu/sulari sewer water; sewage, lağımcı 1. sewerman. 2. mil. sapper. 3. slang
   pederast; active male homosexual, bugger, lağımcılık 1. the job of a sewerman. 2. the job of a sapper, sapping, lağıv, -ğvı abolition, doing away with (an institution).
lağvetmek (/..) hi to abolish, do away with (an institution), lağvolmak (/..) (for an institution) to be abolished, be done away with, lahana (./.) bot. cabbage, Brassica oleracea. lahavle (—..) (from La havle ve la kuvvete illa billah. There is no power or strength but in God.) God give me strength!/How much more of this do I have to take? (said when one's patience is at an end). — çekmek/okumak to say lahavle, lahika (—..) obs. 1. gram, suffix. 2. appendix, addendum; codicil; rider, lahit, -hdi 1. sarcophagus. 2. walled tomb (sunk in the ground), lahmacun (.—.) a pizza (made with meat, tomatoes, and pide). — pidesi slang dunderhead, dunce.
lahos
574
lambalı
lahos zool. a rock grouper.
lahuri (---------------) material from which Lahore
   shawls are made.
lahuti (--------------------) obs. divine, godlike.
lahza instant, second, trice, twinkling of an eye. lahzada (/..) in an instant, in a trice, in a twinkling, in the twinkling of an eye. laik secular, nonclerical, laikleştirme 111 secularizing, secularization, laicizing.
laikleştirmek 111 to secularize, laicize, laiklik secularism; laicism. lailaheillallah (—.— ....) Islam There is no god but God. lak, -ki see laka.
laka (/.) 1. lac, stick lac; shellac. 2. varnish, lacquer; shellac, shellack. lakacı (/..) varnisher, lacquerer. lakap nickname, epithet. — takmak /a/ to nickname, lakaplı nicknamed.
lakaydi (—.—) obs. indifference, unconcern;
   nonchalance, lakayt (—.) indifferent, unconcerned, uninterested; nonchalant. — kalmak /a/ to show no sign of interest (in); to remain unmoved (by).
lakaytlık (—..) indifference, unconcern; nonchalance.
lake (/.) varnished, lacquered; shellacked, lakerda (./.) salt bonito, bonito preserved in salt. — kurmak to salt away bonito. lakırdı 1. remark; word. 2. conversation, talk.
   3.  colloq. empty words, hot air, nothing but talk. — yı ağzında çiğnemek colloq. to beat around the bush. — ağzından dökülmek colloq. to say something unwillingly, spit it out slowly, —sı ağzında kalmak colloq. to be unable to finish what one was saying; (for s.o.) suddenly to go silent. — altında kalmamak colloq. to give as good as one gets (in an argument). — yı ağzına tıkamak Iml colloq. to shut (s.o.) up. — ya boğmak h/ colloq. to drown (a topic) in a flood of words.
   —   çıkarmak colloq. to spread gossip, be a gossipmonger; to spread rumors. — ya dalmak colloq. to become lost in conversation.
   —   etmek colloq. 1. /la/ to talk (with), chat (with). 2. I\l to gossip about (s.t.). — smı etmek Iml colloq. to talk about (s.t.). —yı ezip büzmek colloq. to hem and haw, beat around the bush. — karıştırmak colloq. to change the subject quickly. — kavafı colloq. (a) great talker, chatterbox, —sı mı olur? colloq. Don’t mention it!/It’s a pleasure! (said to s.o. for whom one has done or wishes to do a favor). — taşımak colloq. to retail gossip.
   —ya tutmak 111 colloq. to engage (s.o.) in conversation (thus making him/her stop what he’d/she’d been doing). — yetiştirmek colloq. 1. to reply quickly and in kind, promptly to give as good as one gets. 2. /a/ (for a child) to talk back to, sass (an older person).
lakırdıcı colloq. 1. very talkative, garrulous. 2.
    gossipy, bigmouthed, lakin (—'.) but, however, laklak 1. clacking, noise made by storks. 2. colloq. clatter, chatter, yakking. — etmek colloq. to yak, clatter, laklaka colloq. 1. nonsense, bull. 2. clatter, chatter, yakking, laklakıyat, -ti colloq. clatter, chatter, yakking, lakonik laconic, concise, pithy, brief and to the point.
lakoz zool. a large gray mullet, Epinephelus aeneus.
lakrimal lachrymal, lacrimal, laksatif 1. (a) laxative. 2. laxative, laktaz biochem. lactase, laktik lactic. — asit chem. lactic acid, laktoz lactose.
                                                         lal, -li 1. ruby (a gem). 2. (a) red ink. 3. ruby, ruby-colored, lala (/.) 1. formerly manservant who took care of a boy. 2. Ott. hist, high-ranking manservant who looked after a son of the sultan.
   —   paşa eğlendirmek colloq. 1. to keep a naughty, spoiled child amused. 2. to indulge the whims of a capricious, pampered person.
lalanga a pancake-like dessert eaten with syrup/ sugar.
lale (—.) 1. bot. tulip, Tulipa. 2. forked stick (for picking fruit). 3. hist, tulip-shaped iron collar (put around the neck of convicts and slaves). L— Devri Ott. hist, the Tulip Period (extending from 1718 to 1730). — soğanı bot. tulip bulb, laleağacı, -m (—/...) bot. tulip poplar, tulip tree, Liriodendron tulipifera. lalelik (—..) 1. a vase with a narrow neck used for tulips. 2. tulip bed; tulip garden, lalettayin (—'.— .) 1. any old ..., any ... whatsoever; very ordinary, unexceptional. 2. at random, i discriminately. lalezar (—..) obs. tulip bed; tulip garden.
’lam name of the letter / (in the Arabic alphabet). —i cimi yok. colloq. There are no “buts” about it!/That’s the way it’s got to be!/And that’s final! — elif çevirmek/çizmek colloq. to take a little stroll.
2lam slide, microslide.
’lama (/.) zool. llama, Auchenia/Lama.
                                                         2lama (/.) lama (Tibetan Buddhist priest/monk), lamba (.'.) 1. lamp. 2. (electron) tube. 3. rabbet (groove); mortise. — yı açmak 1. to turn on the light. . to turn up the wick (of a lamp).
   —   gömleği (incandescent) mantle. — karpuzu globe of a lamp. — şişesi chimney of a lamp.
lambalama (/...) hi 1. candling (eggs). 2. rabbeting, cutting a rabbet in; mortising, cutting a mortise in, lambalamak (/...) hi 1. to candle (eggs). 2. to rabbet, cut a rabbet in; to mortise, cut a mortise in.
lambalı (/..) 1. furnished with a lamp. 2. fur-
lambalık
575
 laterit
   nished with (so many) lights, light bulbs, or tubes. 3. rabbeted, lambalık (/..) 1. lamp stand; bracket/shelf (for a lamp). 2. enough (kerosene/oil) to fill (so many) lamps, lambri 1. paneling, wainscoting, wainscot. 2. paneling, wainscoting (material used for paneling). — yle kaplamak /ı/ to panel, wainscot.
lambrili paneled, wainscoted, lame lame.
lamel, -li lamel, thin glass cover (for a microslide).
laminarya (../.) bot. kelp, Laminaria. lamine laminated. — etmek /ı/ to laminate, lamise obs. 1. the sense of touch. 2. zool.
    antenna.
Ian vulg., see ulan, lando (/.) see landon, landon (/.) landau.
lanet, -ti (—.) 1. curse, imprecation. 2. cursed, accursed, damned. — etmek /a/ to curse, damn. — halkası boğazma/boynuna geçmek colloq. to get into one hell of a bad situation. — okumak /a/ colloq., see lanet etmek. — olsun! colloq. God damn him/her/ it! — toku boğazma/boynuna geçmek colloq., see lanet halkası boğazma/boynuna geçmek.
lanetleme (—...) 1- act of cursing. 2. cursed, accursed, damned, lanetlemek (—...) hf to curse, damn, lanetlenme (—...) being cursed, being damned, lanetlenmek (—...) to be cursed, be damned, lanetli (—..) cursed, accursed, damned, langır lungur (./ ..) colloq. 1. with a clatter; with much rattling and banging. 2. thoughtlessly, without regard for the feelings of others, brusquely; loutishly. langırt, -ti 1. pinball (game played on a pinball machine). 2. fooseball, table football, languşt, -tu zool. spiny lobster, langouste, Palinurus vulgaris. lanolin lanolin, lanoline. lanse launched. — etmek /ı/ to launch, introduce, present (s.o./s.t.). lantan chem. lanthanum.
Laos (/.) 1. Laos. 2. Laotian, of Laos.
Laoslu (/..) 1. (a) Laotian, (a) Lao. 2. Laotian, Lao (person), lap, -pi colloq. flop, plop, plopping sound. — diye with a plopping sound, with a flop. — lap 1. (eating/drinking) with a smacking sound. 2. with a flopping/plopping sound, lapa 1. any watery, mushy food (made from grain). 2. poultice, blister (made of lapa).
    —  gibi colloq. soft and mushy. — lapa (for snow to fall) in big flakes. — vurmak /a/ to apply a poultice/a blister (to); to poultice; to blister.
lapacı colloq. 1. fond of soft, mushy food. 2. big but weak, (person) who is big but out of sliape.
laparoskop, -pu med. laparoscope, laparoskopi med. laparoscopy, lapçın a shoe of soft leather (somewhat resembling a chukka boot), lapilli geol. lapilli, lava fragments, lapina (./.) zool. wrasse, Labrus. lapinagiller (./...) zool. Labridae.
Lapon 1. (a) Lapp, (a) Laplander. 2. Lapp, of Lapland. 3. Lapp, pertaining to the Lapps or their language.
Laponca (./.) 1. Lapp, the Lapp language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Lapp, Lapp. 3. Lapp (speech/writing); spoken in Lapp; written in ♦ Lapp.
Laponya (./.) 1. Lapland. 2. Lapland, of Lapland.
Laponyali (./..) 1. (a) Lapp, (a) Laplander. 2.
    Lapp (person), lappadak (/..) colloq. 1. with a plop/a flop. 2.
    suddenly and with great force, larenjit, -ti path, laryngitis, largetto (./.) mus. larghetto. largo (/.) mus. largo, larinks (/.) anat. larynx, larp, -pi used in: — diye colloq. suddenly and with great force, larpadak (/..) colloq. suddenly and with great force, larva (/.) zool. larva.
larvacil zool. larvivorous, larviphagic, larva -eating, laser (/.) see lazer, laskine lansquenet (a card game), laso (/.) lasso.
lasta (/.) last (unit used to measure a ship’s capacity), lasteks Lastex.
lastik 1. rubber (as a material). 2. tire. 3. rubber, overshoe, galosh, storm rubber. 4. elastic band; elastic garter. 5. elastic, elastic web. 6. knitting ribbing. 7. rubber band. 8. eraser, Brit, rubber. — gibi 1. springy, limber.
    2. colloq. rubbery (meat). — tutkalı rubber cement.
lastikağacı, -m (./...) bot. 1. rubber plant, Ficus elastica. 2. (Para) rubber tree, Hevea bra-siliensis.
lastikli 1. made of rubber. 2. elastic, flexible.
    —      konuşmak colloq. to speak in double entendres. — söz colloq. double entendre, 'lata (/.) lath (thin strip of wood).
2lata (/.) formerly robe worn by a member of the ulema.
latanya (./.) bot. Chinese fan palm, Livistona chinensis/Latania borbonica. latarna (./.) see laterna, latarnaci (./..) see laternacı, lateks latex.
latent biol. latent. — enfeksiyon path, latent infection. — görüntü phot, latent image. — periyot latent period. — virüs path, latent virus, masked virus, laterit, -ti geol. laterite.
laterna
576
leh
laterna (./.) 1. hand organ, barrel organ. 2. slang dilapidated automobile, jalopy, rattletrap.
laternacı (./..) organ-grinder; maker/seller of hand organs, latif 1. lovely, pleasing, nice. 2. amiable, agreeable, pleasant. 3. delicate, dainty, latife witty remark, jest, bon mot, quip.
    —  etmek to make witty remarks, jest. — latif gerek, proverb One shouldn’t overstep the bounds of politeness when jesting.
latifeci        witty (person),
                                                             latilokum (—'...) Turkish delight, Turkish paste. Latin 1. Romance, pertaining to the countries in which the Romance languages are spoken.
    2. hist, (a) Latin (native of ancient Latium).
    —  alfabesi Latin alphabet, Roman alphabet.
    —  harfleri Latin characters, Roman characters. — yelkeni naut. lateen sail.
Latince (..'.) 1. Latin, the Latin language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Latin, Latin. 3. Latin (speech/writing); spoken in Latin; written in Latin.
latinçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. nasturtium, Tropae-olum.
laubali (—.— —) 1. overly familiar, too free -and-easy, fresh. 2. intimate, informal, free -and-easy.
laubalileşme (—.— —..) becoming too free -and-easy, behaving in an overly familiar way.
                                                             lâubalileşmek (—.— —..) to become too free -and-easy, behave in an overly familiar way. laubalilik (—.— —.) being too free-and-easy;
    excessive familiarity; freshness. lav lava.
lava (/.) naut. Pull!/Hoist away! — etmek N
    1. naut. to pull, hoist. 2. colloq. to backbite.
    3. colloq. to devour.
lavabo (./.) 1. washbasin, lavatory. 2. restroom, toilet, washroom, lavatory, lavaj 1. mining washing; sluicing; panning. 2.
    med. lavage, lavanta (./.) 1. dried lavender flowers. 2. lavender water, lavender. — mavisi lavender blue (as a color), lavantacı (./..) 1. one who sells dried lavender flowers. 2. one who makes/sells lavender water.
lavantaçiçeği, -ni (./....) bot. lavender, Lavandula officinalis. lavaş prov. thin bread resembling pide, lavdanom laudanum, lavman 1. enema. 2. enemator. lavrensiyum (./..) chem., see lorentiyum, lavsonit, -ti geol. lawsonite.
’lavta (/.) lute (a musical instrument).
2lavta (/.) 1. obstetrical forceps. 2. (male) obstetrician.
                                                             lavtacı (/..) lute player, lutist, lutanist, lutenist. layık (—.) 1. /a/ deserving of; worthy of; (person) suited to be, fit to be. 2. suitable, appropriate, proper. — bulmak /ı, a/ to deem
   (s.o./s.t.) worthy/suitable of; to find (s.t./s.o.) appropriate enough for/to. — mı bulmak colloq. 1. to find a suitable mate. 2. to get one’s just deserts. — görmek /ı, a/ to deem (s.o./ s.t.) worthy/suitable of; to find (s.t./s.o.) appropriate enough for/to. — olmak /a/ to deserve, be worthy of; to suit, be appropriate for.
layikiyla (—./.) properly, completely, thoroughly.
layiha (—..) formally written petition/proposal/ memorandum, lay ter lighter (a barge), laytmotif (/..) leitmotiv, leitmotif.
Laz 1. (a) Laz. 2. Laz (person). 3. Laz, pertaining to the Laz people, laza prov. small trough (for honey).
Lazca (/.) 1. Laz, the Laz language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Laz, Laz. 3. Laz (speech/writ-ing); spoken in Laz; written in Laz. lazer (/.) phys. laser. — füzyonu laser fusion.
   —  ışınları laser beams. — yazıcı comp, laser printer.
lazım (—.) 1. necessary, needed, required. 2. obs., gram, intransitive (verb). — olmak/gel-mek to be necessary, be needed, be required, lazımlık (—..) chamber pot. leb 1. obs. lip. 2. obs. edge; shore; rim. —- demeden leblebiyi anlamak colloq. to anticipate correctly what someone is going to say; to be able to read someone’s thoughts, lebaleb (.'—.) obs., see lebalep, lebalep (/—.) obs. brimful, full to overflowing, lebiderya (/..—) 1. (place/building) which is right on the sea, seaside. 2. seashore, leblebi 1. roasted chickpeas. 2. slang bullet, piece of lead. — şekeri sugar-coated, roasted chickpea/chickpeas. — unu flour made from roasted chickpeas, leblebici maker/seller of roasted chickpeas, leblebicilik making/selling roasted chickpeas, ledün, -nnü obs. consciousness of God. — ilmi knowledge of the nature of God (mysteriously imparted by God), legal, -li legal, lawful, legalleşme becoming legal/lawful, legalleşmek to become legal/lawful, legato (./.) mus. legato, legorn 1. Leghorn (chicken). 2. (a) Leghorn chicken.
leğen 1. washtub, large pan (for washing clothes). 2. washbowl (for washing the hands and face). 3. anat. pelvis (structure of bones), (bir kızı) — başından almak colloq. to choose an industrious wife. — boşluğu anat. pelvic cavity. — çıkmazı gözgülemi med. culdoscopy.
Leh 1. (a) Pole. 2. Polish (person), leh for, in favor of (used only in the dative/the locative). — inizde/—inize in your favor.
   —te olanlar the ayes, those in favor of something, —inde olmak /m/ to be in favor of, be for. —ine olmak /m/ (for s.t.) to be
Lehçe                                               577
    to (one’s) advantage, be in (one’s) favor.
    —te olmak to favor, be for, or support something. —te oy vermek to vote for something, cast an affirmative vote, —inde söylemek hnJ to speak in favor of.
 Lehçe (/.) 1. Polish, the Polish language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Polish, Polish. 3. Polish (speech/writing); spoken in Polish; written in Polish.
lehçe 1. dialect. 2. obs. dictionary.
lehim 1. solder. 2. soldering, act of soldering.
   3.    soldering, a soldered place, lehimci solderer.
lehimcilik soldering, the work of a solderer. lehimleme hi soldering, lehimlemek hi to solder, lehimlenme being soldered, lehimlenmek to be soldered, lehimletme hi having (s.t.) soldered; /i, a/ having (s.o.) solder (s.t.). lehimletmek hi to have (s.t.) soldered; /i, a/ to have (s.o.) solder (s.t.). lehimli soldered.
Lehistan obs. Poland, lejyon mil. legion.
lejyoner mil. legionnaire. — hastalığı path.
   legionnaires’ disease, leke 1. stain, spot, blot. 2. blemish, spot, fleck; birthmark. 3. colloq. stain/blot (on one’s character/reputation). — çıkarmak to remove a stain. — etmek hi to stain. — getirmek /a/ colloq. to blacken, sully, besmirch (s.o.’s name/reputation). — olmak to become stained/soiled. — sürmek /a/ colloq. to blacken the name of. — tutmak to stain easily. — yapmak 1. to leave a stain (on), make a stain (on). 2. Ill to stain, lekeci 1. art (a) tachist, (a) tachiste. 2. art tachist, tachiste. 3. obs. dry cleaner. — kili fuller’s earth, lekecilik 1. art tachism, tachisme. 2. obs. the work of a dry cleaner, dry cleaning, lekeleme hi 1. staining; soiling. 2. colloq. sullying, besmirching; blackening the name of. lekelemek hi 1. to stain; to soil. 2. colloq. to sully, besmirch; to blacken the name of. lekelenme 1. being stained/soiled. 2. colloq. being sullied/besmirched, lekelenmek 1. to be stained/soiled. 2. colloq.
   to be sullied/besmirched, lekeli 1. spotted, stained. 2. colloq. (person) whose name has been besmirched; (person) with a bad reputation, lekelihumma             path,  typhus, spotted fe-
    ver.
leken snowshoe.
lekesiz 1. spotless; immaculate. 2. colloq. (person) whose reputation is unsullied, leksikograf lexicographer, leksikografı lexicography, leksikolog lexicologist, leksikoloji lexicology.
lektör lecturer (holder of a university position).
                                                                                                      levha
                              lenduha 1. big and unwieldy. 2. big and unwieldy thing. — gibi big and unwieldy, lenf lymph. — boğumları anat. lymph nodes.
    —     damarları anat. lymph ducts. — yangısı path, adenitis, lenfa (/.) see lenf, lenfatik lymphatic.
lenfatizm path, lymphatism, status lymphaticus. lenfosit, -ti biol. lymphocyte, lenger 1. large, shallow copper dish. 2. naut. anchor. — atmak/birakmak naut. to cast anchor.
                                                           lengerli naut. 1. (boat) furnished with an anchor.
    2.    anchored, lengüist, -ti linguist, lengüistik linguistics.
                                                           Leninci (/..) 1. (a) Leninist, (a) Leninite. 2.
    Leninist, Leninite.
Lenincilik (/...) Leninism.
Leninist, -ti see Leninci.
Leninizm see Lenincilik. lens 1. lens. 2. contact lens.
'lento (/.) mus. lento.
2lento (/.) lintel.
leopar 1. zool. leopard, Felis pardus. 2. leopard, made of leopard fur. lep obs., see leb.
lepiska (./.) (soft, silky) blond (hair), lepra (/.) path, leprosy, Hansen’s disease, lesepase (a) laissez-passer.
Lesoto (./.) Lesotho.
leş 1. carcass (of an animal). 2. carrion, putrefying animal carcass, —ini çıkarmak Iml colloq. to beat the tar out of (s.o.). — gibi colloq. 1. very smelly, stinking to high heaven. 2. without moving a muscle, as lazy as can be. — gibi serilmek colloq. to lie all sprawled out. —ini sermek Iml to do (s.o.) in, bump (s.o.) off (said threateningly). leşakbabası, -m (/....) zool. Egyptian vulture, Pharaoh’s chicken, Neophron percnopterus. leşçil feeding on carrion, carrion, leşkargası, -m (/...) zool. carrion crow, Corvus corone; hooded crow, Corvus cornix. letafet, -ti (.—.) 1. winsomeness, loveliness, charm. 2. delicacy, fineness, letarji path, lethargy, letarjik path, lethargic.
Letonya (./.) 1. Latvia. 2. Latvian, of Latvia. Letonyali (./..) 1. (a) Latvian. 2. Latvian (person).
leva (/.) lev (monetary unit of Bulgaria). Levanten 1. (a) Levantine. 2. Levantine, of the Levant.
levazım (.—.) necessities, requisites, material, materiel, supplies. — sınıfı mil. the Quartermaster Corps, levazimat, -ti (.—..) see levazım, levazımatçı (.— ...) supplier, seller of supplies, levazımcı (.— ..) mil. a member of the Quartermaster Corps, quartermaster, levent strapping and good-looking young man. levha 1. signboard, sign. 2. inscribed card;
levrek
578
lime
   framed inscription. 3. tablet, panel, slab. 4. picture, painting, levrek zool. sea bass, Morone labrax. leviiloz chem. levulose. levye lever; crowbar; pry. ley leu, ley (monetary unit of Rumania), leydi (/.) 1. Lady (a title). 2. lady, gentlewoman.
leyla (.—) slang stinking drunk, blotto, leylak bot. lilac, Syringa vulgaris. — rengi lilac (as a color). — renkli lilac, lilac-colored, leylek zool. stork, Ciconia ciconia. —in attığı yavru colloq. outcast, pariah, someone despised by former friends. — i havada görmek joc. to be always on the move, be traveling constantly. — i kuştan mı sayarsın, yazın gelir, kışın gider, proverb (Do you count the stork a bird? It comes in the summer and goes in the winter.) One can’t depend on someone who just drifts from enthusiasm to enthusiasm, instead of working seriously at one thing, —in ömrü laklakla geçer. proverb (The stork spends all its life just chattering.) Some people are all talk and no action. — yuvası gibi colloq. very tangled, unkempt (hair), leylekgagası, -m (./...) pantograph, leylekgiller zool. Ciconiidae. leylekler zool. Ciconiae. leyleksiler zool. Ciconiiformes. leyli (.—) see yatılı, lezar lizard, lizard leather, lezbiyen 1. (a) lesbian. 2. lesbian, lezbiyenizm lesbianism, lezbiyenlik 1. being a lesbian. 2. lesbianism, leziz (.—) 1. delicious, tasty. 2. delightful, very pleasant, lezyon path, lesion.
lezzet, -ti 1. taste, flavor. 2. colloq. pleasure, enjoyment. — almak /dan/ colloq. to enjoy, find pleasure in (s.t.). lezzetlendirme hi making (a food) taste delicious.
lezzetlendirmek hi to make (a food) taste delicious.
lezzetlenme becoming delicious, acquiring a delicious flavor, lezzetlenmek to become delicious, acquire a delicious flavor, lezzetli delicious, tasty, lezzetsiz insipid, tasteless. lığ alluvium, alluvial deposit, lığlanma becoming covered with alluvium, being alluviated. lığlanmak to become covered with alluvium, be alluviated. lığlaşma alluviation.
lığlı alluvial, alluvian, composed of alluvium, lıkır dama glugging, making a glugging sound, likirdamak to glug, make a glugging sound, lıkır lıkır (./ ..) with a glugging sound, liberal, -li 1. liberal. 2. (a) liberal, liberalizm liberalism.
                              liberalleşme becoming liberal, liberalization, liberalleşmek to become liberal, liberalize, liberallik being liberal, liberalism, liberality. Liberya (./.) 1. Liberia. 2. Liberian, of Liberia.
Liberyali (./..) 1. (a) Liberian. 2. Liberian (person).
libido (./.) psych, libido, libre 1. pound, avoirdupois pound. 2. libra (unit of weight).
librelik weighing (so many) pounds, of (so many) pounds, libretto (./.) libretto.
Libya (/.) 1. Libya. 2. Libyan, of Libya. Libyali (/..) 1. (a) Libyan. 2. Libyan (person), lider 1. leader. 2. leading, first-rate, top-notch, liderlik leadership.
lif 1. fiber. 2. luffa, loofah, vegetable sponge; (any) fibrous sponge (used when washing
    o.s.). — lif in fibers, lifleme hi scrubbing (o.s./s.o.) with a luffa. liflemek hi to scrub (o.s./s.o.) with a luffa. liflenme 1. being scrubbed with a luffa. 2. (a fruit’s/a vegetable’s) becoming fibrous/tough, liflenmek 1. to be scrubbed with a luffa. 2. (for a fruit/a vegetable) to become fibrous/tough, lifli fibrous.
lig, -gi sports league, —den düşmek (for a team) to drop down into a lower league. Lihtenştayn (/..) 1. Liechtenstein. 2. Liechtenstein, of Liechtenstein.
                              Lihtenştaynlı (/...) 1. (a) Liechtensteiner. 2.
    Liechtenstein (person), lika (/.) 1. raw silk (used in an inkwell). 2.
    lac, lacca (used as a fixative for gilt), liken bot., path, lichen, likidasyon com. liquidation, likide used in: — etmek tit com. to liquidate, likidite com. liquidity.
likit 1. fluid, liquid substance. 2. fluid, liquid (substance). 3. com. liquid. — aktifler/var-liklar com. liquid assets, likorinoz (../.) a kind of smoked fish, likör liqueur.
lila (/.) 1. lilac (as a color). 2. lilac, lilac-colored.
limafasulyesi, -ni (./....) bot. lima bean, Pha-seolus limensis. liman harbor; seaport, port. — açıkları naut. roadstead, roads. — başkanı harbor master.
    —  işçisi longshoreman. — reisi see liman başkanı.
limanlama 1. (a ship’s) coming into harbor, reaching port. 2. dying down (of the wind); calming (of the sea), limanlamak 1. (for a ship) to come into harbor, reach port. 2. (for the wind) to die down; (for the sea) to become calm, limanlık 1. (place) used as a port; suitable for use as a port. 2. calm (sea). 3. windless, limba (/.) naut., see limbo, limbo (/.) naut. a barge, lime (—.) used in: — lime in long strips; in
limit
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loca
    tatters; in rags. — lime kesmek III to cut (s.t.) into long, narrow strips, limit, -ti limit, limited see limitet.
limitet, -ti com. limited, (company) whose stockholders have limited liability. — şirket limited company, limited-liability company, limnoloji limnology.
 limon 1. lemon (the fruit). 2. bot. lemon tree, Citrus limon. — kabuğu gibi colloq. small and shapeless (hat). — sarısı lemon yellow.
    —     sıkmak /a/ slang to introduce a sour note into, wet-blanket (a conversation), limonağacı (./...) bot. lemon tree, Citrus limon. limonata (../.) lemonade. — gibi colloq. (wind blowing) in a cool and refreshing way. limonatacı (../..) lemonade seller, limoni (.— —) 1. lemon yellow, pale yellow.
    2. colloq. very touchy, fractious, snappish.
    3. colloq. sour, bad (relations). — hava colloq. sky which is threatening rain.
limonit, -ti geol. limonite, limonküfü, -nü (./..) bluish green, limonlu 1. flavored with or containing lemon juice. 2. furnished/garnished with a slice of lemon. 3. (s.t.) that contains sliced/grated lemon peels. 4. lemon-flavored, lemon; lemon-scented, lemon, limonluk 1. greenhouse, hothouse, conservatory.
    2.    lemon squeezer. 3. parapet, low wall (of a balcony/a terrace/stairs), limontozu, -nu (./..) see limontuzu. limontuzu, -nu (./..) citric acid, limuzin limousine.
linç, -çi lynching. — etmek III to lynch, lineer math, linear.
linet, -ti (—.) obs. looseness of the bowels, linin biol. linin.
'link, -gi trot (gait).
2link, -ki communications link.
linolyum (./.) linoleum.
linotip, -pi linotype.
linyit, -ti lignite.
lipari (./.) a mackerel.
liparit, -ti geol. liparite, rhyolite.
lipit biochem. lipid, lipide.
lipom path, lipoma, fatty tumor.
lipsos (/.) zool. scorpion fish, Scorpaena scrofa.
lir mus. lyre.
 lira (/.) 1. lira, Turkish pound (monetary unit of Turkey). 2. pound (monetary unit of Egypt, Syria, etc.). 3. an Ottoman gold coin, liralık (/..) 1. (so many) liras worth, worth (so many) liras. 2. bill/coin worth (so many) liras.
üret, -ti lira (monetary unit of Italy), lirik lyric, lyrical. — şiir lyric poem, lyric; lyric poetry, lirizm lyricism.
lisan language, —a gelmek colloq. (for s.t. nonhuman) to begin to speak, lisans 1. bachelor’s degree. 2. import license; export license. 3. license to manufacture
    (another company’s product). 4. certificate; license. — yapmak to study for a bachelor’s degree.
lisanslı 1. licensed; certified; possessing a license/a certificate. 2. (person) who holds a bachelor’s degree, lisansüstü, -nü (./..) graduate, post-baccalau-reate, Brit, postgraduate (studies, course, etc.). — eğitim graduate education. — öğrenci graduate student, grad student, Brit. postgraduate, postgraduate student, lise (/.) high school.
liseli (/..) high school student, high schooler, liste (/.) list, —ye geçirmek hi to put (s.o./ s.t.) on the list, listeleme hi listing, making a list of. listelemek hi to list, make a list of. literatür 1. literature, writings in prose/verse.
    2. books and articles, literature (on a particular topic): Yeni tıp literatürünü takip edemiyorum. I can’t keep up with all the medical books and articles that are coming out nowadays.
litografi see litografya.
litografya (../.) lithography.
litografyacı (../..) lithographer.
litoloji lithology.
litosfer lithosphere.
litre (/.) liter, Brit, litre.
litrelik (/..) (s.t.) which holds (so many) liters.
liturya (./.) liturgy.
litürji see liturya.
Litvanya (./.) 1. Lithuania. 2. Lithuanian, of Lithuania.
Litvanyali (..'..) 1. (a) Lithuanian. 2. Lithuanian (person), lityum (/.) chem. lithium, liva (.—) obs. 1. brigadier general. 2. brigade.
    3. an Ottoman administrative district. 4. flag, banner. — amirali rear admiral.
                                                             livar fishgarth, fishweir; tank/pond where fish are raised; bucket/box in which caught fish are put and kept alive, liyakat, -ti (.—.) 1. merit, deservingness, worthiness; suitability. 2. capability, competence.
    —     göstermek /da/ to be successful (in), liyakatli (.— ..) 1. capable, competent. 2. worthy, deserving.
liyakatsiz (.— ..) 1. incapable, incompetent. 2.
    unworthy, undeserving, liyakatsizlik (.— ...) 1. incompetence. 2. unworthiness, liyezon liaison, liynet, -ti obs., see linet, lizol, -lü Lysol. lizöz bed jacket.
lobelya (./.) bot. lobelia, Lobelia. lobi (/.) 1. lobby, waiting room. 2. pol. lobby: tütün lobisi the tobacco lobby, lobici (/..) pol. lobbyist, lobbier. lobut, -tu 1. Indian club. 2. small, club-like stick. 3. club, cudgel, loca (/.) 1. box (in a theater). 2. (Masonic)
loça
 580
   lodge.
loça (/.) naut. hawsehole. loda (/.) prov. heap of straw or other material that is covered over with earth, lodos 1. south/southwest wind. 2. the south/the southwest (as a direction). — un gözü yaşlıdır. proverb A south wind brings rain. — poyraz, colloq. 1. He/She blows hot and cold. 2. He’s/She’s capricious, lodoslamak for a south wind to begin to blow, lodosluk 1. exposed to the south/the southwest.
   2. side facing the south/the southwest, logaritma (../.) logarithm, logistik see lojistik, logo (/.) logo, logos (/.) logos.
loğ roller (made of stone and used for smoothing and packing mud roofs/roads), loğlamak /ı/ to roll (with a loğ), loğusa (./.) woman recovering from childbirth.
   —      şekeri a sugar-based preparation used in making loğusa şerbeti. — şerbeti a drink offered to people visiting a mother and her newborn baby, loğusahumması, -m (./..— .) path, puerperal fever, childbed fever, loğusalık (..'..) 1. period of confinement after childbirth. 2. being a loğusa, loğusaotu, -nu (./...) bot. birthwort, Aristo-lochia.
lojistik 1. mil. logistics. 2. symbolic logic, mathematical logic, logistics, logistic, lojman apartment/house provided for an employee by his/her employer, lok, -ku naut. lock.
                                                         lokal, -li 1. local headquarters (of an organization). 2. popular spot, haunt, rendezvous. 3. local, pertaining to a particular place. 4. med. local, not general: lokal anestezi local anesthesia, lokanta (./.) restaurant, lokantacı (./..) restaurateur, restaurant operator, lokantacılık (./...) being a restaurant operator, lokatif gram. 1. locative, in the locative case.
   2. the locative, the locative case, lokavt, -ti (/.) lockout (by an employer), lokma 1. morsel, bite (of food). 2. a small, round, syrupy friedcake. 3. anat. condyle. 4. wrench (a tool), —sı ağzında büyümek colloq. not to have any appetite at all. — çiğnemeden yutulmaz, proverb (You can’t swallow something without chewing it.) Nothing is gained without the expense of a little effort. — dökmek to make lokma (friedcake). —smı dökmek Iml to make lokma (friedcake) in memory of (s.o. who has died). — karın doyurmaz, şefkat artırır, proverb A gift is not important in itself: it is the love and appreciation which it signifies that is important. — lokma in small portions, a little at a time. — smı saymak Iml cblloq. to watch closely how much (s.o.) eats (fbr fear he/she will eat too much).
lokmagöz colloq. popeyed, bug-eyed.
Lokman name of a legendary sage. — hekimin ye dediği. It’s just what the doctor ordered! (,said of an attractive woman or a delicious food).
lokmanruhu, -nu (./—.) colloq. ether, lokomobil locomobile, lokomotif railway engine, locomotive, lokum 1. Turkish delight. 2. slang teacher who’s well-liked and lenient, lolo (/.) slang stuff and nonsense, bull, song and dance, the run-around, lombar naut. gunport. lomboz naut. (round) porthole, lonca (/.) guild (of artisans/merchants). — ustası head of a guild.
Londra (/.) London, longa Turk. mus. a style of dance music, longoz deep spot in a river/sea. longpley (/.) long-playing record, LP, thirty -three, longuz see longoz.
’lop, -pu big, soft, and round. — diye colloq. with a plop. — incir a large, soft-skinned fig. — lop colloq. (eating) in huge bites. — lop yutmak III colloq. to bolt down, swallow (food) whole. — yumurta hard-boiled egg. 2lop anat. lobe, lopçuk anat. lobule, loppadak (/..) colloq. with a plop, lopur lopur (./ ..) colloq. greedily and noisily.
   —      yutmak hi colloq. to gobble (s.t.) noisily, lor a soft, uncured cheese. — peyniri see lor. lordoz path, lordosis, lorentiyum (./..) chem. lawrencium. lort 1. lord. 2. colloq. rich person, moneybags, nabob. L—lar Kamarası the House of Lords.
lostra (/.) shining shoes, shoeshine. — salonu shoeshine parlor, shoeshine shop, lostracı (/..) shoeshiner (person), lostromo (./.) naut. boatswain, bo’sun, bosun, losyon lotion, loş dim, dark, murky.
loşlaşma becoming dark/dim, darkening, dimming.
loşlaşmak to become dark/dim, darken, dim. loşlaştırma hi darkening, dimming, making dark/dim.
loşlaştırmak hi to darken, dim, make dark/dim.
loşluk dimness, darkness, murkiness.
lota (/.) zool. burbot, Lota lota.
lotarya (./.) lottery.
loto (/.) lotto.
lotus bot. lotus, Nymphaea.
Lozan (/.) Lausanne.
’lök, -kü 1. heavy and unwieldy; big and clumsy. 2. prov. male camel. — gibi oturmak /a/ colloq. 1. to sit down heavily and clumsily (on). 2. (for food) to sit heavily on (one’s stomach). — lök colloq. slowly and ponderously.
2lök, -kü prov., see lökün.
lökoplast                                         581
lökoplast, -tı leucoplast. lökosit, -ti biol. leukocyte, leucocyte, white blood corpuscle, white blood cell, lökün prov. lute, luting, putty (made of lime and linseed oil or olive oil), löpür löpür (./ ..) colloq. greedily and noisily, lös geol. loess, loss, lösemi path, leukemia.
lösemili path, leukemic, affected with leukemia.
Lr chem. Lr (Lawrencium).
It. (abbr. for litre) 1. (liter).
Ltd. (abbr. for Limitet/Limited) limited, limited-liability. lubun slang passive male homosexual, fag. lumbago (.—'.) path, lumbago, lunapark, -ki (/..) (a) Luna Park, lustur slang shoeshiner (person), lutr 1. zool. otter, Lutra. 2. otter fur. 3. made of otter fur.
Lübnan (/.) 1. Lebanon. 2. Lebanese, of Lebanon.
Lübnanlı (/..) 1. (a) Lebanese. 2. Lebanese (person).
lübnansediri, -ni (/....) bot. cedar of Lebanon, Lebanon cedar, Cedrus libani. lüfer zool. bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix. lüfergiller zool. Pomatomidae. lügat, -ti 1. dictionary. 2. word, term. — paralamak colloq. to speak/write in a pretentious, highfalutin way. lügatçe (./.) 1. glossary (of words/terms). 2.
    small dictionary, lügatçi lexicographer, lügatçilik lexicography.
'lüks 1. luxury. 2. luxurious, characterized by luxury. — mevki 1. lounge (on a ferryboat).
   2. luxury class (on a passenger ship). — vergisi luxury tax.
2lüks 1. (kerosene or white gasoline) lantern (containing a pressure pump). 2. lux (unit of illumination). — mallar luxuries, luxury goods.
Lüksemburg (./.) 1. Luxembourg, Luxemburg.
   2. Luxembourg, Luxemburg, Luxembourgian, Luxemburgian.
Lüksemburglu (./..) 1. (a) Luxembourger, (a) Luxemburger. 2. Luxembourgian, Luxemburgian (person), lüksmetre (./.) luxmeter, luxometer.
                                                                                       lüzumsuzluk
lüle 1. ringlet, curl, lock (of hair). 2. twist, fold, roll. 3. bowl (of a clay or meerschaum tobacco pipe). 4. spout (of a fountain). 5. obs. a unit of measure for determining the volume of water flowing through a pipe. — lüle 1. in ringlets, in curls. 2. in ripples, ripplingly. lüleci maker/seller of clay or meerschaum pipe bowls. — çamuru clay used for making pipe bowls.
lületaşı, -m (./..) meerschaum, sepiolite. lümen phys. lumen, lümensaat, -ti (./..) lumen-hour, lümpen lumpen. — proletarya lumpen proletariat. — proleter 1. (a) lumpen proletarian.
   2.     lumpen proletarian, lüp, -pü 1. slang windfall, something got for nothing. 2. kernel, marrow, essence. — diye yutmak III colloq. to bolt (food) down, swallow (food) whole. — e konmak slang to get something for nothing, lüpçü slang freeloader, parasite, lüpçülük slang freeloading.
Lüterci (/..) 1. (a) Lutheran. 2. Lutheran, of or relating to Luther or his doctrines or to the Lutheran Church.
Lütercilik (/...) Lutheranism, Lutherism. Lüteriyen 1. (a) Lutheran. 2. Lutheran. — kilisesi the Lutheran Church, lütesyum (./.) chem. lutetium, lutecium, lütfen (/.) 1. please. 2. very kindly; as a favor or kindness, lütfetme (/..) /ı, a/ being so kind as to; being so good as to bestow/grant; doing (s.o.) a favor, obliging, lütfetmek (/..) /ı, a/ to be so kind as to; to be so good as to bestow/grant; to do (s.o.) a favor, oblige, lütuf, -tfu kindness, kind deed; favor. — ta bulunmak /a/ to do (s.o.) a favor/a kindness, —unda bulunmak to be so kind as to .... lütufkâr kind, gracious; obliging,
lüzuci (.------) obs. viscous.
                                                        lüzum necessity, need, —unda when necessary.
   —      görmek /a/ to think it necessary to; to deem (s.t.) necessary, lüzumlu necessary, needed, required, lüzumsuz unnecessary, unneeded, needless. — yere unnecessarily, needlessly, lüzumsuzluk needlessness, unnecessariness.
M
M 1. the letter M. 2. M (the Roman numeral symbol for 1000). maada (—'.—) /dan/ 1. except, apart from, with the exception of. 2. in addition to, besides, —si the rest, the remainder, maaile (—'—..) as a family, with all the family, maalesef (.—'..) unfortunately; I am sorry to say.
maalmemnuniye               obs. with pleasure,
maamafih (— —.) see mamafih, maarif (.—.) 1. colloq. the Ministry of Education. 2. learning, knowledge (gained in the classroom). 3. system of education. — müdürü superintendent of schools (in a district), maarifçi (.— ..) colloq. official employed by the Ministry of Education, maaş salary, stipend, pay; pension. — almak to be on a salary, be salaried. — bağlamak /a/ to put (s.o.) on a salary, salary. — cüzdanı card certifying that one is a pensioner, pension card, —a geçmek to be put on a salary, be put on the payroll, maaşlı 1. salaried. 2. (job) which has a salary of; (person) who gets a salary of. maatteessüf (./...) obs. regrettably; I regret to say.
maazallah (./..) God forbid!/God protect us! mabat (—.) 1. obs. continuation, sequel. 2.
   slang buttocks, ass, fanny, mabet (—.) place of worship, temple, mabeyin, -yni (—..) 1. relations between two people. 2.formerly room/hall/suite separating the women’s quarters from the men’s quarters (in a large house/a palace). 3. Ott. hist, (in the late nineteenth century) palace quarters where the sultan’s intermediaries were on duty. 4. Ott. hist, the Palace, mabeyinci (—...) Ott. hist, late nineteenth-century palace official to whom important administrative duties were often entrusted, mablak 1. spatula; putty knife. 2. a long-handled, wooden ladle, mabut (—.) 1. god, deity; idol. 2. God. Macar 1. (a) Hungarian. 2. (a) Magyar. 3. Hungarian, of or pertaining to Hungary or Hungarians. 4. Magyar, of the Magyars. — kadanası a big, powerful horse. — salami a salami, macar slang louse.
Macarca (./.) 1. Hungarian, the Hungarian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Hungarian, Hungarian. 3. Hungarian (speech/writing); spoken in Hungarian; written in Hungarian.
Macaristan 1. Hungary. 2. Hungarian, of Hungary.
                            macera (—.—) adventure. — aramak to want excitement and adventure. — ya atılmak 1. to embark on an adventure. 2. to find o.s. embarked on an adventure. — filmi adventure movie. — romanı adventure novel, maceracı (—.—.) 1. adventure-loving, adventuresome. 2. adventurer, maceralı (—.—.) adventurous, full of adventure, maceraperest, -ti (—.—..) 1. adventure-loving, adventuresome. 2. adventurer, macun (—.) 1. paste. 2. putty; adhesive cement.
   3.    a gumlike candy. 4. a gumlike confection (usually used as an aphrodisiac). 5. med. confection, paste; electuary. 6. majoon. 7. slang gum opium. — bıçağı putty knife, macuncu (—..) maker/seller of a gumlike candy, macunlama (—...) /ı/ puttying, macunlamak (—...) l\! to putty, macunlanma (•—...) being puttied, macunlanmak (—...) to be puttied, macunlaşma (—...) becoming like putty, acquiring the consistency of putty, macunlaşmak (—...) to become like putty, acquire the consistency of putty, macunluk (-—..) container designed to hold an electuary or gumlike confection, maç, -çı match (sporting event). — yapmak to hold a match, maça (/.) 1. playing cards (a) spade. 2. core (of a foundry mold). — beyi the jack of spades. — beyi gibi kurulmak colloq. to sprawl disrespectfully in one’s seat. — kızı the queen of spades, maço (/.) slang macho, maçuna (./.) crane (machine).
Madagaskar (../.) 1. Madagascar. 2. Madagascan, Madagascar, of or relating to Madagascar.
MadagaskarlI            1. (a) Madagascan, (a)
   Malagasy. 2. Madagascan (person), madalya (./.) medal, -nm ters tarafı/yüzü
                            colloq. the unfavorable side of something, the other side of the coin, madalyon locket (piece of jewelry), madam (used of non-Muslim women) 1. Madame, Madam (used as a title or as a form of address). 2. madame, lady. 3. colloq. wife, madama (./.) (used of non-Muslim women) 1. Ma’am, Lady (used as a form of address).
   2.    madame, lady. 3. colloq. wife, madampol, -lü madapolam, a soft plain cotton
madara
 583
mahal
   cloth.
                                                         madara slang 1. common, vulgar. 2. worthless.
   3.  meaningless. 4. embarrassing a teacher (by pointing out his/her mistake to him/her while he’s/she’s teaching the whole class).
   —   olmak slang 1. to be proved to be a liar. 2. to feel ashamed.
                                                         madde 1. matter, substance. 2. material, component; ingredient. 3. entry, item (in a list).
   4.  clause, article, section, paragraph (of a law/a contract). 5. question, matter, topic. 6. material/physical things (as opposed to spiritual things). — madde 1. divided into separate articles. 2. article by article, item by item.
madded 1. (a) materialist. 2. materialistic, materialist, maddecilik materialism, maddesel material; physical, maddeten (/..) 1. materially; physically. 2.
   actually, in actual fact, maddi (.—) 1. material; physical. 2. materialistic, preoccupied with material things, maddileşme (.—..) 1. becoming materialistic.
   2. becoming material/physical, maddileşmek (.—..) 1. to become materialistic.
   2. to become material/physical, maddilik (.—.) materiality, being material, maddiyat, -ti material things, materiality, madem (—\) since, seeing that, considering that, as. mademki (—'..) see madem, maden (—.) 1. mine. 2. mineral. 3. metal. 4. colloq. rich source, gold mine. — cevheri ore. — daman lode, vein. — filizi see maden cevheri. — işçisi miner. — kuyusu mine shaft. — mavisi grayish blue, perse.
   —   mühendisi mining engineer. — mühendisliği mining engineering. — ocağı mine, pit. — posası slag. — yatağı region rich in mineral deposits.
                                                         madenci (—..) 1. miner. 2. mining expert. 3.
   mine owner, madencilik (—...) the work of a miner, mining expert, or mine owner; mining, madeni (—.—) 1. metal, metallic. 2. mineral, pertaining to minerals. — para 1. coin. 2. coinage, coins, madenkırmız (—/..) kermesite. madenkömürü, -nü (—/...) hard coal, anthracite.
madensel (—..) 1. metal, metallic. 2. mineral, pertaining to minerals, madensi (—..) 1. metalloid, resembling a metal.
   2. (a) metalloid, madensuyu, -nu (—/..) mineral water, madenyünü, -nü (—/..) mineral wool, rock wool, slag wool, maderşahi (—.— —) matriarchal, matriarchic. maderşahilik (—.— —.) matriarchy, madik 1. marbles (game). 2. slang trick, a fast one. — atmak/etmek/oynamak /a/ slang to trick, pull a fast one on.
madikçi slang cheat, swindler, madrabaz cheat, swindler (especially s.o. who buys s.t. dirt-cheap and sells it at an outrageous price), madreporlar zool. Madreporaria. madrigal, -li madrigal.
madura ayağı, -m (./.) path. 1. athlete’s foot, dermatophytosis. 2. Madura foot, maestoso (../.) mus. maestoso, maestro (./.) mus. maestro, conductor, mafia see mafya.
mafiş (—.) 1. colloq. not to be found, completely absent/missing: Sende akıl mafiş! You don’t have a lick of sense! 2. a light, crisp fritter.
mafsal anat. joint. — romatizması path, rheumatism of the finger joints, Heberden’s rheumatism, mafya (/.) mafia, maffia. maganda (./.) slang lout, boor, magazin (illustrated) magazine, magma (/.) geol. magma, magmatik geol. magmatic. magnezyum (./.) chem. magnesium. — klorür chem. magnesium chloride. — sülfat chem. magnesium sulfate.
Magosa (./.) Famagusta, magri zool. conger eel, conger, Conger conger. mağ a pigeon whose head is the same color as the outer edges of its wings and tail, mağara (./.) cave; cavern. — resmi archaeol.
    cave painting, mağarabilim (./...) speleology, mağarabilimci (./....) speleologist.
mağarasemenderi, -ni (./.........) zool. olm,
    Proteus anguinus. mağaza (./.) large store (business establishment).
mağdur 1. wronged, unjustly treated. 2. law injured party, mağduriyet, -ti (.—..) unjust treatment, being wronged, mağdurluk see mağduriyet, mağfiret, -ti the forgiveness of God, God’s remission of one’s sins, mağfur (.—) obs. (person) whose sins have been pardoned by God. mağlubiyet, -ti (.— ..) defeat, mağlup overcome, beaten, defeated. — etmek hi to defeat, overcome, beat. — olmak to be defeated, be beaten.
Mağribi (..—) (a) Maghrebi.
                                                       Mağrip 1. the Maghreb, northwestern Africa, Barbary. 2. the west, mağrur 1. conceited, haughty. 2. (justly) proud. Mah. 1. (abbr. for Mahalle, Mahallesi) quarter; ward. 2. (abbr. for Mahkeme, Mahkemesi) law court.
mahal, -İli place, spot, —inde 1. on the spot (where it occurred). 2. on-the-spot (investigation). — kalmamak /a/ for there to be no room left for, for there to be no longer any need for. — vermemek /a/ not to give rise
mahalle
 584
mahra
   to, not to occasion. — yok. /a/ There is no need for .../There is no ground for .... mahalle neighborhood; quarter; district; ward (in a city/a town), —yi ayağa kaldırmak colloq. to put the whole neighborhood in an uproar (by making noise). — çapkını colloq. a timid and rather unsuccessful Lothario. — çocuğu colloq. gamin, urchin, street Arab.
   —   kahvesi gibi colloq. crowded, stuffy, and noisy. — karısı colloq. vulgar, quarrelsome woman; fishwife.
mahallebi see muhallebi, mahallebici see muhallebici, mahallebicilik see muhallebicilik, mahalleli 1. (person) from the same quarter/ neighborhood. 2. the inhabitants of a quarter/ a neighborhood, mahalli (■..—) local. — idare local government.
   —      seçim pol. local election, mahallileşme (..— ..) becoming localized, mahallileşmek (..—..) to become localized, maharet, -ti (.—.) (technical) skill/proficiency.
   —      kazanmak to become skillful/proficient, maharetli (.—..) skillful, proficient, maharetsiz (.—..) unskillful, mahcubiyet, -ti (.—..) shyness, bashfulness, mahcup 1. shy, bashful. 2. ashamed. — etmek
   l\f to make (s.o.) ashamed, shame; to embarrass. — olmak to be ashamed; to be embarrassed.
mahcupluk 1. shyness, bashfulness. 2. shame, being ashamed, mahcur law (incompetent person) who has been put under the care of a guardian; (person) whose property has been put in someone else’s custody, mahcuz law distrained (property); attached (sal-ary).
mahdum obs. son.
mahdut 1. restricted, limited (quantity). 2. /la/ bounded by, bordered by; surrounded by. mahfaza (protective) case/cover/box. mahfazalı (s.t.) which comes with a case, which has a case that goes with it. mahfe obs. 1. howdah. 2. palanquin, sedan, mahfel see mahfil.
mahfil 1. gathering-place, rendezvous, club. 2. those attending a meeting. 3. screened-off, elevated loge in a mosque, maksoorah. mahfuz 1. protected, sheltered; safe, secure. 2. protected, looked after. 3. under armed guard, guarded. — hisse (an heir’s) legally guaranteed share in an estate, mahfuzen (.—".) obs. under armed guard, mahıv, -hvi destruction; obliteration, mahir (—.) expert, skillful, mahirane (—.—.) skillfully, mahiyet, -ti (—..) true nature, essential character; the heart (of a matter), mahkeme 1. law court. 2. trial, hearing. — de dayısı olmak colloq. to have a friend at court, have a friend who holds an important position, —ye düşmek 1. (for a dispute) to
   be taken to court. 2. (for people) to go to court (to resolve their differences). — kadıya mülk değil, proverb (The court is not the property of the judge.) No one can occupy a public office for as long as he/she pleases.
   —      kapısı colloq. law court. — kararı law court order, —ye vermek /i/ to take (s.o.) to court, open a court case against, mahkemelik (matter) for the courts to decide, which will be decided in court. — olmak (for people) to go to court (to resolve their differences), mahkûm 1. law sentenced, condemned. 2. person under sentence, convict. 3. /a/ obliged to, forced to. 4. /a/ doomed to, destined to (an unhappy fate). — etmek /ı, a/ 1. to sentence (to), 2. to condemn/doom (s.o.) (to), mahkûmiyet, -ti (.— ..) law 1. being under sentence. 2. the term of one’s sentence, the length of one’s sentence, mahlas pen name, pseudonym, mahlep 1. bot. mahaleb, mahaleb cherry, St. Lucie cherry, Prunus mahaleb. 2. a cordial made from mahaleb. mahluk, -ku creature.
mahlukat, -ti (.—.) obs. all living creatures, everything that lives and breathes, mahlul, -lü obs. 1. chem. solution. 2. law (property) that has reverted to the state, escheated (property).
mahlut, -tu obs. 1. (s.t.) which is a blend; adulterated; /la/ mixed/adulterated with. 2. mixture. 3. mech. a mixture of fuel and air. mahmude (.—.) 1. bot. scammony, Convolvulus scammonia. 2. scammony resin, mahmudiye (.— ..) a thin gold coin issued in the time of Sultan Mahmud II and today used as an ornament, mahmur 1. groggy, logy (from sleep). 2. half -closed (eye); sleepy-eyed, heavy-eyed. 3. fuddled (from drink). 4. languishing, lovesick (look).
mahmurçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. 1. crocus, Crocus. 2. autumn crocus, meadow saffron, Colchi-cutn autumnale. mahmurluk 1. grogginess, loginess (from sleep). 2. listlessness (caused by a hangover). 3. languidness (of a look), mahmuz 1. spur. 2. spur (on the shank of a bird’s leg). 3. formerly beak, ram, rostrum (of a warship). 4. spur (on the pier of a bridge), mahmuzlama III spurring, mahmuzlamak /ı/ to spur, mahmuzlanma being spurred, mahmuzlanmak to be spurred, mahpus 1. prisoner. 2. imprisoned; captive. 3.
   a kind of backgammon, mahpushane (..— .) prison, jail, mahpusluk 1. being imprisoned, imprisonment.
   2.     length of a prison sentence, mahra prov. a wooden container used for carrying grapes.
mahrama
585
makara
mahrama 1. head scarf (worn by village women). 2. embroidered napkin. 3. handkerchief.
    4. towel.
mahreç obs. 1. outlet. 2. origin, source. 3. destination (of export goods). 4. math, denominator.
mahrek, -ki obs., astr. orbit, trajectory, mahrem 1. confidential, private, intimate. 2. Islamic law (person) so closely related by blood that marriage with him/her is forbidden. 3. (man) who can enter the harem (owing to his being a close relation). 4. confidant; confidante, mahremiyet, -ti 1. confidentiality; intimacy; privacy. 2. (a man’s) being able to enter the harem, —ine girmek /in/ colloq. to become so intimate with (s.o.) that one knows all about his/her private affairs, be taken into (s.o.’s) confidence, mahrum deprived, destitute, bereft. — etmek/ bırakmak /ı, dan/ to deprive (s.o./s.t.) of.
    —     kalmak /dan/ to be left without, be deprived of, be bereft of. mahrumiyet, -ti (.— ..) deprivation, being bereft of. — bölgesi hardship area, deprived region, mahsuben (.—'.) /a/ 1. taking it out of (a salary/an account). 2. reckoning that..., keeping (s.t.) in mind, mahsul, -lü 1. product; produce, crop, yield. 2.
    result, product, mahsup entered in an account. — etmek /ı/, —unu yapmak Iml to enter (an item) in an account.
mahsur 1. stuck (in), unable to move (from).
    2.    besieged; surrounded. 3. /a/ confined to, limited to. — kalmak /da/ to be stuck in, be unable to move from (a place), mahsus 1. /a/ peculiar to, special to, unique to.
    2.    /a/ reserved for, set aside for, for. 3. (/.) especially, particularly. 4. (/.) intentionally, deliberately, on purpose. 5. (/.) as a joke, jokingly, in jest, mahşer 1. Islam the place where people will gather on the Day of Judgment. 2. colloq. great crowd of people. — gibi colloq. very crowded (place). — günü Islam the Day of Judgment.
mahşeri (..—) huge, tremendous (crowd), mahunya (./.) bot. mahonia, Mahonia. mahur (—.) classical Turk. mus. a makam, mahut (—.) overly well-known, all too familiar, mahvetme (.'..) h! destroying, ruining; obliterating, wiping out. mahvetmek (/..) h! to destroy, ruin; to obliterate, wipe out. mahvolma (/..) being destroyed, being ruined;
    being obliterated, being wiped out. mahvolmak (/..) to be destroyed, be ruined; to be obliterated, be wiped out. mahya (/.) 1. message spelled out by lights strung between minarets during Ramazan, on kandil nights, and Bairams. 2. the ridge of a roof. 3. ridge tile (on a roof). — kiremidi
    ridge tile (on a roof). — kirişi ridgepole, mahyacı (/..) 1. person who strings up lights between minarets (during Ramazan, on kandil nights, and Bairams). 2. person who replaces broken roof tiles, mahzen 1. underground storeroom/depository, cellar. 2. prov. cistern, mahzun sad; dejected, depressed, mahzunlaşma becoming sad/dejected/depressed.
mahzunlaşmak to become sad/dejected/depressed, mahzunluk sadness; dejection, mahzur 1. objection, drawback. 2. obstacle, snag. — görmek /da/ to object (to), have an objection (to), mahzurlu objectionable; inadvisable; ill-ad-vised, unwise.
Jmai (—.) obs., see mavi.
2mai (------) obs. pertaining to water, aquatic.
mail (—.) 1. leaning, slanting. 2. /a/ fond of; in love with. 3. /a/ (person) with a bent for, with a talent for. 4. /a/ (person) with a liking for, with a taste for. maişet, -ti (.—.) 1. means of support, livelihood. 2. life, living, maiyet, -ti 1. suite, entourage (of a high official). 2. employ, service, —inde at his/her side, right beside him/her. — memuru junior official (who belongs to a high official’s entourage).
majeste (./.) His/Her Majesty, —leri His/Her/ Your Majesty; Their Majesties, majino hattı, -ni (./.) obs., school slang a really tough subject, majör 1. mus. major (mode/scale). 2. log. major premise, majüskül majuscule.
                                                         makabil, -bli (—..) preceding thing/things, antecedent event/events, —ine şamil law retroactive. —e şümul law retroaction, makadam 1. macadamized road. 2. macadam, broken stone (used in macadamizing a road).
    3.    macadamization. makak zool. macaque, Macaca. makale (.—.) article (in a newspaper/a magazine).
makam 1. position, post, office. 2. office (place of work). 3. classical Turk. mus. a concept of melodic creation which determines tonal relations, tessitura, starting tone, reciting tone, and the finalis, as well as an overall indication of the melodic contour and patterns (Its closest counterpart in Western music is the medieval concept of mode.). — m-da by way of, as a token of; in the nature of: teşekkür makamında by way of thanks.
   —   arabası official car (sedan assigned to a government official). — şoförü chauffeur (assigned to a government official).
Makao (./.) Macao.
makara (./.) spool; bobbin; reel; drum, barrel (of a windlass/a winch); pulley, block. — ya
makaralı
586
makroiktisat
    almak h/ colloq. to make fun of. — çekmek (for a songbird) to warble. — dili sheave, grooved pulley wheel. — evi frame, block (of a pulley). — geçmek /la/ slang to tease, ridicule, make fun of. — gibi konuşmak colloq. to talk nonstop, —lan koyuvermek/salıvermek colloq. to burst into laughter. —yi takmak /a/ colloq. to tease, kid. —Ian zap-tedememek colloq. to be unable to hold back one’s laughter, makaralı (./..) furnished with a bobbin/a reel/ a drum/a pulley. — kuş (a) warbler, bird that warbles.
makarna (./.) 1. macaroni. 2. spaghetti, makarnacı (./..) 1. seller/maker of macaroni.
    2. colloq. (person) who is fond of macaroni.
    3. colloq. (an) Italian.
makaryos (./.) slang, playing cards king, makas 1. scissors; shears. 2. rail, switch. 3. auto, spring (forming part of a vehicle’s suspension). 4. zool. chela; pincer, pincher; claw.
    5. prop, shore (placed at an angle). 6. slang (a) pinch on one’s cheek. M—! slang Shut your trap!/Shut up! (said to s.o. talking). — almak /dan/ slang to pinch (s.o.’s cheek).
    —  ateşi mil. crossfire. — dili rail, switch rail, point rail. — geçmek /dan/ slang, see makas almak. — hakkı remnants of cloth (left after a garment has been cut out). — ı kapa! slang Shut your trap! (said to s.o. talking). — kolu rail, switch lever. — payı
    1.    tailor, seam allowance. 2. colloq. margin, spare amount, a little extra. — vurmak /a/ to cut, put the scissors to (cloth). — yapmak slang (for a taxi driver) to keep for himself some of the money that is due to the owner of the taxi. — yeri rail, crossover, makasçı 1. scissors man. 2. rail, switchman, makaslama 1. /ı/ cutting (s.t.) with scissors/ shears, scissoring. 2. Ill slang pinching (s.o.’s cheek). 3. Ill reducing the size of, scissoring, putting the scissors to (a film/a piece of writing). 4. diagonally. 5. swimming scissors kick. — zorlaması phys. shearing stress, makaslamak hi 1. to cut (s.t.) with scissors/ shears, scissor. 2. slang to pinch (s.o.’s cheek). 3. to reduce the size of, scissor, put the scissors to (a film/a piece of writing), makaslanma 1. being cut with scissors/shears, being scissored. 2. slang (of s.o.’s cheek) being pinched. 3. (of a film/a piece of writing) being reduced in size, being scissored, makaslanmak 1. to be cut with scissors/shears, be scissored. 2. slang (for s.o.’s cheek) to be pinched. 3. (for a film/a piece of writing) to be reduced in size, be scissored, makaslıböcek (../..) zool. stag beetle, pinchbug, Lucanus cervus. makaslik slang toilet hole, makastar cutter (in a tailoring establishment), makat, -ti 1. buttocks, rump. 2. anus. 3. decorative cover (for a large cushion). 4. divan (low couch without a back or arms).
makber grave (place of burial), makbul, -lü 1. widely accepted, popularly esteemed; standard, of recognized worth. 2. acceptable; satisfactory; welcome. — e geçmek (for s.t.) to be received with pleasure, be ap-. predated. — ümdür. colloq. I’ll be grateful./ I’ll appreciate it. makbuz receipt (for payment). — kesmek to write a receipt.
Makedonca (../.) 1. Macedonian, the Macedonian Slavic language. 2, (speaking/writing) in Macedonian, Macedonian. 3. Macedonian (speech/writing); spoken in Macedonian; written in Macedonian.
Makedonya (../.) 1. Macedonia. 2. Macedonian, of Macedonia.
MakedonyalI            1.  (a)   Macedonian. 2.
   Macedonian (person), maket, -ti maquette; scale model, makferlan macfarlane.
'maki maquis, scrub.
                                                       2maki zool. lemur, Lemur. makina (./.) see makine, makine (./.) 1. machine. 2. mechanism, workings; engine, motor. 3. colloq. sewing machine. 4. prov. car. 5. slang pistol. — yi bozmak slang to get diarrhea, get the squirts.
   —  çekmek to use a sewing machine, —ye çekmek hi to sew (s.t.) on a sewing machine.
   —  dairesi 1. naut. engine room. 2. cin. projection booth. — gibi colloq. 1. quickly and smoothly. 2. efficient. 3. monotonously, mechanically. 4. monotonous; mechanical. — gibi adam colloq. man who works quickly and well, efficient man. — mühendisi mechanical engineer. — mühendisliği mechanical engineering. — subayı naut. engineer officer. — yağı see makineyağı.
makineci (./..) machine repairman, makineleşme 1. mechanization. 2. colloq. (a person’s) becoming machinelike, becoming like an automaton, makineleşmek 1. to become mechanized. 2. colloq. to become machinelike, become like an automaton, makineleştirme hi mechanizing, makineleştirmek 111 to mechanize, makineli 1. fitted with a machine; driven by a machine. 2. colloq. machine gun. — tüfek machine gun. makineyağı, -m (./...) machine oil, lubricating oil.
makinist, -ti 1. engineer (on a locomotive/a ship). 2. machine operator, machinist. 3. machine repairman, machinist. 4. cin. projectionist.
makinistlik 1. the work of an engineer (on a locomotive/a ship). 2. the work of a machinist. 3. the work of a machine repairman.
   4.     cin. the work of a projectionist, makrama see mahrama, makrame macrame. makroiktisat (.'....) macroeconomics.
makrosefal
587
Maldiv Adaları
makrosefal, -li (/...) 1. macrocephalous, macro-cephalic (person). 2. (a) macrocephalus, macrocephalous person, makrosefali (/....) macrocephaly. makrosit, -ti biol. macrocyte. maksat 1. intention, purpose, aim, object. 2. /dan/ the meaning of: Yemekten maksat beslenmektir. Food means nourishment. — gütmek to have a hidden aim, cherish a secret intention, maksatlı done/said with an aim in mind; done/ said in order to hurt someone, maksi (/.) maxi. — etek maxi skirt, maksim (/.) place containing a large reservoir (from which water is piped to various parts of a city), maksimal, -li maximal, maksimum (/..) 1. (a) maximum. 2. maximum, maksure (.—-.) maksoorah (area in a mosque which has been screened/partitioned off), maktu, -uu (.—) 1. fixed (price). 2. as a job lot; for a lump sum. — fiyat fixed price, maktua (.—.) obs. (newspaper/magazine) clipping.
maktul, -lü murdered, killed. — düşmek to be murdered, be killed, makul, -lü (—.) reasonable, sensible, makyaj make-up. — yapmak to put on make -up.
makyajcı make-up artist.
Makyavelci 1. Machiavellian. 2. (a) Machiavellian.
Makyavelcilik Machiavellianism. Makyavelizm see Makyavelcilik.
mal 1. property, possession. 2. riches, wealth; assets. 3. goods, merchandise; commodity.
   4.  cattle; horses; water buffaloes. 5. a herd of cattle/horses/water buffaloes. 6. colloq. scoundrel, bastard: Onun ne mal olduğunu şimdi anladım. I now see what a bastard he really is. 7. slang pretty woman, nice piece of merchandise. 8. slang money, dough. 9. slang goods, stuff (used for legally prohibited goods). — adama hem dost, hem düşmandır. proverb Wealth can make a man, and it can also break him. — ayrılığı law separation of property (allowing a husband and wife to have separate estates). — beyani/bil-dirimi law statement of one’s assets. — birliği law joint ownership of property (by a husband and wife). — bulmuş Mağribi gibi colloq. so happy you’d think he/she had come into a fortune. — canı kazanmaz, can malı kazanır, proverb (Wealth does not bring one health; one must have health to earn wealth.) Good health is always more important than wealth. — canın yongasıdır. proverb (One’s property is a bit of one’s self.) If one of your possessions is damaged, you feel as if you yourself have been injured.
   —   canlısı colloq. overly fond of money, greedy. — edilmek /a/ see maledilmek. — edinmek to acquire property; to acquire
   wealth. — etmek see maletmek. — m gözü
   colloq. 1. sly, tricky, shifty. 2. slippery character, tricky number, fox. 3. loose, promiscuous (woman), —mi it, bağrını bit yer. colloq. Whatever he/she has or earns goes to support others in style, while he/she himself/ herself lives on a shoestring. — m iyisi boğazdan geçer, proverb Wealth that can’t be enjoyed isn’t really wealth at all. — m iyisi suya yakın, daha iyisi eve yakın. proverb If you buy farmland, buy land which is near water, or better still, which is near your own house. — kaçırmak to smuggle goods over a border, engage in smuggling. — melameti örter, proverb A person’s wealth can veil a multitude of his/her sins. — meydanda, colloq. It’s right there for all the world to see.
   —  müdürü see malmüdürü. — mülk goods, property. — mülk sahibi rich person.
   —  olmak /a/ see malolmak. — ı ongun olanın adı angın olur, proverb Wealth makes a person well-known. — sahibi landowner; landlord. — sahibi mülk sahibi, hani bunun ilk sahibi? proverb You may own it now, but one day it’ll pass to someone else./ You can’t take it with you. — varlığı law worldly possessions/goods, estate. — yapmak to accumulate wealth, —mı yemesini bilmeyen zengin her gün züğürttür, proverb A rich person who does not know how to enjoy his/her wealth might as well be poor.
mala (bricklayer’s/plasterer’s) trowel, malafa 1. mech. arbor, mandrel. 2. slang penis, tool.
Malaga (./.) Malaga.
malaga (./.) 1. Malaga, wine made in the region of Malaga. 2. Malaga, a kind of grape, malak 1. calf (of a water buffalo). 2. slang stupid, wooden-headed.
malakâri (..------) decorative plasterwork.
malakit, -ti malachite.
malaklamak prov. (for a water buffalo) to calve, give birth to a calf, malakof hoopskirt.
malalama hi smoothing (a surface) with a trowel.
malalamak hi to smooth (a surface) with a trowel, malama slang a gold lira, malarya (./.) path, malaria.
Malavi Malawi.
malayaayisi, -m (./....) zool. sun bear, Malayan bear, Malay bear, Ursus malay anus. malayakirpisi, -ni (./....) zool. moonrat, Echino -sorex gymnurus.
Malaysiya (./..) see Malezya.
malaz prov. 1. overgrown, uncultivated field.
   2.    field covered with flood water, malca (.'.) as to property; as to goods; as far as wealth is concerned, malç, -çı hort. mulch.
Maldiv Adaları, -m (/.) the Maidive Islands, the Maldives.
Maldivli
 588
2mama
Maldivli (/..) 1. (a) Maldivian. 2. Maldivian (person).
maledilme (—'...) /a/ 1. being produced at (a stated cost). 2. being attributed/ascribed to. maledilmek (—'...) /a/ 1. (for s.t.) to be produced at (a stated cost). 2. (for s.t.) to be attributed/ascribed to. maletme (—'..) 1. /i, a/ producing (s.t.) at (a stated cost). 2. /i, a/ attributing/ascribing (s.t.) to. 3. /ı, kendine/ acting as if (s.t.) were (one’s) own; appropriating (s.t.) for (o.s.) (when one has no legitimate claim to it), maletmek (—'..) 1. /i, a/ to produce (s.t.) at (a stated cost). 2. /i, a/ to attribute/ascribe (s.t.) to. 3. /ı, kendine/ to act as if (s.t.) were (one’s) own; to appropriate (s.t.) for (o.s.) (when one has no legitimate claim to it), malez med. malaise.
Malezya (./.) 1. Malaysia. 2. Malaysian, of Malaysia.
Malezyali (./..) 1. (a) Malaysian. 2. Malaysian (person).
malgama (./.) chem. amalgam (alloy of mercury).
malıtaşı, -m (./..) 1. stone used as an anchor for a rowboat. 2. stone (tied to a rope) that is thrown repeatedly into the water to scare fish toward a net.
Mali (/.) 1. Mali. 2. Malian, of Mali.
mali (------) financial; fiscal. — yıl fiscal year.
malihulya (—/.—) obs. 1. irrational fear, groundless fear. 2. melancholy, malik, -ki (—.) 1. possessor, owner. 2. (person) who possesses, who has. — olmak /a/ 1. to become the owner of. 2. to have, possess, malikâne (—.—.) country house, mansion set in a large estate, country estate, Brit, stately home.
Maliki (—) Islam 1. (a) Maliki, (a) Malikite.
   2. Maliki, Malikite.
Malili (/..) 1. (a) Malian. 2. Malian (person), maliye (—..) 1. the Ministry of Finance, the Treasury, the Exchequer. 2. any office/ branch of the Finance Ministry. 3. state finances, the management of a country’s finances. M— Bakanı the Minister of Finance. M— Bakanlığı the Ministry of Finance.
maliyeci (—...) 1. official who works for the Ministry of Finance. 2. expert in public finance.
maliyet, -ti (—..) cost. — fiyatı cost price, prime cost.
Malkar see Balkar.
Malkarca (./.) see Balkarca.
malkıran prov. bovine anthrax or diseases related to it. mallanma acquiring property; getting rich, mallanmak to acquire property; to get rich, malmüdürü, -nü (/...) head of the state tax and finance office (in a district), malolma (—'..) /a/ 1. (of s.t.) costing (s.o.) (a certain amount). 2. costing (s.o. his/her life).
   3.    (of s.t.) being accepted by, being taken up by; capturing the mind of. malolmak (—'..) /a/ 1. (for s.t.) to cost (s.o.) (a certain amount). 2. to cost (s.o. his/her life): İçki hayatına maloldu. Drink was the death of him. 3. (for s.t.) to be accepted by, be taken up by; to capture the mind of. malt, -ti malt. — hulasası malt extract. — şekeri chem., see maltoz.
Malta (/.) 1. Malta. 2. Maltese, of Malta, maltaeriği, -ni (/....) bot. loquat, Eriobotrya japonica.
maltahumması, -m (/..— .) path. Malta fever, undulant fever, Mediterranean fever.
Maltali (/..) 1. (a) Maltese. 2. Maltese (person).
maltapalamudu, -nu (/..........) zool. pilot fish,
    Naucrates ductor. malt at aşı, -ni (/...) a fine sandstone (When cut in squares it is often used as flooring in entry ways and kitchens.).
Maltız 1. (a) Maltese. 2. Maltese, of Malta, maltız a stove-like brazier (used for cooking and heating).
Maltızca (./.) 1. Maltese, the Maltese language.
    2.    (speaking/writing) in Maltese, Maltese. 3. Maltese (speech/writing); spoken in Maltese; written in Maltese, maltızkeçisi, -ni (./...) zool. a short-haired milk -goat.
maltoz chem. maltose, malt sugar, malul, -lü (—.) 1. (physically) disabled; impaired in health. 2. victim (of disease/war).
   —  gazi disabled veteran.
malulen (--------'.) with a physical disability; as
    a disabled veteran, maluliyet, -ti (------..) (physical) disability; be-
   ing disabled. — sigortası disability insurance.
malullük (—..) see maluliyet, malum (—.) 1. known. 2. obs., gram, active (voice). M—! colloq. 1. Yes, I know./Sure.
   2. That’s evident, —unuz As you know .../ Of course you know that .../ ... is something you are certainly aware of. (...) — değil. ... is not yet clear: Onun gelip gelmeyeceği malum değil. It’s not yet clear whether or not he’ll come. — olmak /a/ to sense, surmise.
malumat, -ti (—..) known facts, knowledge, information. — almak/edinmek to get information, learn some things. — ı olmak to know some things. — sahibi knowledgeable person. — vermek /a/ to inform, give information (to), tell (s.o.) some things, malumatfuruş (—...—) obs. (person) who loves to display his/her learning, pedantic, malumatlı (—...) well-informed, knowledgeable.
malumatsız (—...) uninformed, malzeme material, supplies, necessaries; equipment; ingredients.
'mama 1. baby food. 2. child's language food. 2mama 1. mother (used by non-Muslims). 2.
mamafih
589
manevi
   slang madam (of a brothel). — kadın slang madam (of a brothel).
mamafih (---------.) nevertheless, however.
mamaliga (../.) a hard biscuit made with corn meal.
mamalika (../.) see mamaliga. mambo (/.) mambo (dance), mamul, -lü (—.) 1. /dan/ made of; manufactured from. 2. product, manufacture, mamulat, -ti (—..) products, manufactures, mamur (—.) I. (place) which has been developed, which has been properly provided with public services. 2. prosperous, flourishing (place); well-cultivated (land). 3. populous and thriving (place), mamut, -tu zool. mammoth, Mammuthus. mana (— —) 1. meaning; significance; sense.
   2.     expression (of the face/in the eyes). — çıkarmak /dan/ to interpret amiss, understand wrongly. (...) —sma gelmek (for s.t.) to mean that .... — verememek /a/ to be unable to make sense of; to be unable to find a meaning in. — vermek /a/ to find a meaning in; to make sense of. manalı (— —.) 1. (s.t.) which has a meaning; meaningful; full of meaning. 2. expressive, significant; knowing, manas zool. June bug, June beetle, Polyphylla. manasız (— —.) 1. meaningless, devoid of meaning; pointless. 2. improper; inappropriate, out of place, manasızlık (— —..) meaninglessness; pointlessness, manastır monastery.
manav 1. seller of fruits and vegetables, Brit. greengrocer. 2. store where fruits and vegetables are sold, Brit, greengrocery, manavlık being a seller of vegetables and fruits, manca 1. slang food. 2. pet food; dog food; cat food. 3. bad food, swill, food fit for swine.
mancana (./.) naut. water tank, mancelina (../.) bot. manchineel, manzanillo, Hippomane mancinella. mancınık 1. rotating-beam siege engine; catapult; ballista; mangonel. 2. reel for silk filaments; spinning wheel for silk thread. — işi unwinding silk filaments from cocoons, mancınıkçı person who unwinds silk from cocoons.
Mançu 1. (a) Manchu. 2. Manchu, of the Man-chu people or their language.
Mançuca (./.) 1. Manchu, the Manchurian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Manchu, Manchu. 3. Manchu (speech/writing); spoken in Manchu; written in Manchu.
Mançurya (./.) 1. Manchuria. 2. Manchurian, of Manchuria.
Mançuryalı (./..) 1. (a) Manchurian. 2. Manchurian (person).
’manda zool. water buffalo, Bubalus. — gibi colloq. big, fat, and clumsy (person). — yürekli colloq. (person) who won’t bestir
   himself/herself for anything/anybody. 2manda hist, mandate (given by the League of Nations).
                                                             mandacı mandatary, mandatory, a member nation of the League of Nations to which a mandate over a territory was given, mandagözü, -nü (./..) formerly, slang a nickel coin worth twenty-five kuruş, mandal 1. latch; thumb latch; tumbler; catch.
   2.    clothespin, Brit, clothes-peg. 3. tuning peg (on a stringed instrument). 4. mech. pawl, mandalina (../.) 1. tangerine; satsuma; mandarin orange. 2. bot. tangerine/satsuma/ mandarin tree, Citrus reticulata/Citrus nobilis.
mandallama /ı/ 1. latching (a door); fastening (a window) with a catch. 2. pinning up, Brit. pegging up (laundry) (on a clothesline), mandallamak /ı/ 1. to latch (a door); to fasten (a window) with a catch. 2. to pin up, Brit. peg up (laundry) (on a clothesline), mandallanma 1. (of a door) being latched; (of a window) being fastened with a catch. 2. (of laundry) being pinned up, Brit, being pegged up.
                                                              mandallanmak 1. (for a door) to be latched; (for a window) to be fastened with a catch.
   2.  (for laundry) to be pinned up, Brit, be pegged up.
mandallı 1. (door) which has a latch; (window) which has a catch. 2. latched; fastened with a catch. 3. hung up with clothespins, mandalsız lacking a latch/a catch/a clothespin, mandapost, -tu postal money order, mandar naut. small pulley, small sheave. Mandarin hist, mandarin (official of the Chinese Empire).
2mandarin see mandalina, mandater used in: — devlet mandatary, mandatory, a member nation of the League of Nations to which a mandate over a territory was given.
mandepsi slang trick, a fast one. —ye basmak slang to be tricked, be duped, fall for it, be taken in. —ye bastırmak /ı/ slang to trick, dupe, pull a fast one on. —ye düşmek slang, see mandepsiye basmak, —ye düşürmek hi slang mandepsiye bastırmak, —ye gelmek slang, see mandepsiye basmak, mandıra (.'..) 1. small dairy; small cheesery.
   2.     milking barn/shed, mandıracı (/...) operator of a dairy; dairyman;
                                             dairy woman, mandolin mandolin.
mandril zool. mandrill, Mandrillus mormon. manej 1. manege, the training of horses. 2.
   place where horses are trained, manen (—'.) spiritually. — ve maddeten both spiritually and materially; in body and in spirit.
                                                             manevi (—.—) spiritual; moral; psychological.
   —   borç moral obligation. — evlat adopted child. — işkence law mental cruelty.
maneviyat
 590
mantar
maneviyat, -ti (—...) I. spiritual things; incorporeal things. 2. colloq. spirit, morale. — ı bozulmak/kırılmak colloq. 1. to become depressed, feel low; to feel hurt and angry. 2. to lose heart, become demoralized, manevra (./.) I. maneuver. 2. mil. maneuver, movement. 3. mil. maneuver, training exercise. 4. (a ship’s) being maneuvered. 5. (a railway car’s) being shunted/switched. 6. colloq. trick, clever move, stratagem. — fişeği mil. blank cartridge, blank. — sandığı mil. (an officer’s) footlocker. — yapmak 1. (for an army) to execute a maneuver. 2. (for soldiers) to be out on maneuvers. 3. (for a ship) to be maneuvered. 4. (for a railway car) to be switched/shunted, manevraci (./..) 1. one who maneuvers. 2. colloq. tricky person, fox. manga mil. 1. squad. 2. (sailors’) mess room (on a naval ship), mangal brazier (used as a heater). — kömürü see mangalkömürü. —da kül bırakmamak slang to talk big. mangalkömürü, -nü (./...) charcoal, mangan chem., see manganez, manganez chem. manganese, manganin chem. manganin, mangır 1. slang money, dough, spondulicks. 2. hist, copper coin worth 2.5 paras. 3. small disk of pressed charcoal dust (used to light a nargileh).
mangiz slang money, dough, spondulicks. — eritmek slang to spend money like crazy.
    —     tutmak slang to have money, be in funds, mango (/.) bot. mango, Mangifera indica. mâni, -ii/-yi (— —) 1. preventing; hindering. 2. obstacle, something which prevents; hindrance. — olmak /a/ to prevent; to hinder, 'mani (—.) a traditional Turkish quatrain form. 2mani psych, mania.
mânia (—..) obstacle, barrier; hindrance, mânialı (—...) 1. (place) filled with obstacles/ obstructions. 2. rough, difficult (country). — arazi rough terrain. — koşu hurdle race; steeplechase, manidar (—..) significant, meaningful; knowing.
manifatura (.../.) dry goods and notions, Brit. drapery and haberdashery. — dükkânı shop selling dry goods and notions, manifaturacı (.../..) seller of dry goods and notions.
manifaturacılık (.../...) selling dry goods and notions.
manifesto (../.) 1. naut. ship’s manifest. 2. manifesto.
manifolt, -tu 1. naut. manifold. 2. (a) manifold.
    —tan egzoz slang sodomy, buggery, manik psych, manic, pertaining to or affected with mania.
manika (./.) naut. wind sail; vent in an engine room or hold, manik-depresif psych. 1. manic-depressive. 2.
   (a) manic-depressive, manikür manicure, manikürcü manicurist.
maniple sending key, signalling key (of a telegraph).
manipülatör 1. telegraph operator. 2. sending key (of a telegraph), manisalalesi, -ni (./.—..) bot. European pasqueflower, Anemone pulsatilla. manişka (./.) naut. ship’s purchase/burton (block and tackle), manita (./.) slang 1. swindling. 2. girl friend, chick, Brit, bird; mistress (kept woman), manitacı (./..) slang 1. (a) pickpocket. 2. swindler.
manitacılık (./...) slang 1. a kind of pocket -picking (whereby one person draws a crowd’s attention while his accomplice picks their pockets). 2. swindling, manivela (../.) 1. lever. 2. crank (in an engine), maniyerizm 1. fine arts Mannerism. 2. med. mannerism.
mankafa (/..) colloq. 1. blockheaded, stupid. 2. in a daze, unable to think straight. 3. (horse) that is suffering from glanders. — hastalığı glanders (affecting horses), mankafalık (/...) colloq. 1. stupidity, block-headedness. 2. glanders (affecting horses), manken 1. fashion model (person). 2. (artist’s/ tailor’s/dressmaker’s) lay figure, mannequin, manikin. 3. mannequin, manikin (in a shop window).
mankenlik modeling, being a fashion model, manliher Mannlicher rifle, mano (/.) gambler’s slang take, money gained in a gamble, manolya (./.) bot. 1. magnolia, Magnolia. 2. evergreen magnolia, southern magnolia, bull bay, Magnolia grandiflora. manolyagiller (./...) bot. Magnoliaceae. manometre (../.) manometer.
Mansart used in: — tipi çatı mansard roof, mansard, mansiyon honorable mention.
Manş see Manş Denizi.
Manş Denizi, -ni the English Channel, manşet, -ti 1. newspaper headline. 2. cuff (of a sleeve).
manşon 1. muff (for the hands). 2. mech. coupling; sleeve coupling; bushing, mantalite mentality, mental set, outlook, mantar 1. mushroom; fungus; toadstool. 2. cork (bark of the cork oak). 3. bottle cork, cork.
   4. cork (for a popgun). 5. snout, muzzle (of an animal). 6. slang lie. 7. school slang bumbling; yokelish. 8. slang useless, futile, stupid. — atmak slang to tell lies, —a basmak slang to be tricked, be duped, fall for it, be taken in. — gibi 1. colloq. (growing) like a weed, very fast. 2. corky, corklike. 3. colloq. punky, completely rotten. — gibi yerden bitmek colloq. to appear very suddenly, spring up overnight, mushroom. — hastalığı
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   any fungus disease. — kavı amadou, punk.
   —      pabuç shoe having a cork sole or a high cork heel. — tabakası bot. cork layer, periderm. — tabancası popgun, mantarağacı, -ni (./...) bot. cork tree, Phello-dendron amurense. mantarbilim (./..) mycology, mantarcı 1. grower/seller of mushrooms. 2.
   slang liar. 3. slang swindler, mantarcılık 1. growing/selling mushrooms. 2.
                                                                slang lying, telling lies. 3. slang swindling, mantardoğuran bot. phellogen, cork cambium, mantarlama 111 1. lining/fitting with cork, corking. 2. slang swindling, mantarlamak hi 1. to line/fit with cork, cork.
                                                                                         2. slang to swindle, mantarlarbot. Fungi.
mantarlaşma (of plant cell walls) becoming suberized, becoming suberose. mantarlaşmak (for plant cell walls) to become suberized, become suberose. mantarlı 1. (a dish) prepared with mushrooms, aux champignons. 2. fitted with a cork, corked (bottle). 3. fitted with a cork, mantarmeşesi, -ni (./...) bot. cork oak, Quercus suber.
mantarözü, -nü (./..) bot. suberin.
*manti a ravioli-like dish served with yogurt. 2manti naut. pulley for hoisting the topsail yard, mantık 1. logic. 2. reason, sense, good judgment. —a aykırı illogical, mantıkçı 1. logician. 2. logicist. mantıkçılık logicism.
 mantıkdışı, -m (./..) 1. alogical. 2. colloq. illogical.
mantıki (..—) logical, relating to logic, mantıklı 1. logical; containing logic. 2. (person) possessing good judgment, very sensible; logical.
mantıköncesi, -ni (./...) 1. prelogical. 2. the period during which a child has not yet learned to behave logically, mantıksal logical, relating to logic, mantıksız illogical, mantıksızlık illogical behavior, mantin a heavy taffeta, mantinato (../.) slang, see mantinota. mantinota (../.) slang (non-Muslim) mistress (kept woman), mantis math, mantissa, manto (/.) (woman’s) coat, mantol, -lü see mentol, mantoluk (/..) 1. (material) suitable for a coat.
   2. coating, material for a coat, mantunita (../.) slang, see mantinota. manüel manual, handbook, manya (/.) psych., see 2mani. manyak colloq. 1. crazy, nutty; wild (used to mean odd/unconventional/erratic). 2. maniac, lunatic.
manyaklık colloq. 1. craziness, nuttiness, lunacy; wildness. 2. crazy action, manyat, -ti 1. a fishing boat with three pairs of
   oars. 2. a fishing net thrown out from a manyat and then pulled in from the shore, manyetik phys. magnetic. — alan magnetic field. — kart comp, magnetic card. — rezonans magnetic resonance, manyetit, -ti magnetite, manyetize 1. mesmerized. 2. magnetized, manyetizma (../.) 1. mesmerism, hypnotism. 2.
   magnetism, manyetizmacı (../..) mesmerizer, hypnotist, manyetizmacılık (../...) hypnotism, manyeto (./.) magneto, manyetofon tape recorder, manyetometre (.../.) magnetometer, manyezi magnesia.
manyezit, -ti geol. meerschaum, sepiolite. manyok, -ku bot. cassava, manioc, Manihot. manzara (/..) 1. scene, view; prospect; scenery. 2. appearance. — resmi landscape, landscape painting.
manzaralı (/...) (place) that has a good view;
   scenic, abounding in attractive scenery, manzum written in verse, manzume (.—.) 1. piece of verse, poem (lacking in seriousness and artistry). 2. obs. system; complex.
Maocu (/..) 1. (a) Maoist. 2. Maoist, of or relating to Mao Tse-tung or to Maoism. Maoculuk (/...) Maoism, mapa (/.) naut. 1. eyebolt. 2. hooded lantern, marabu (./.) zool. marabou, marabou stork, Leptoptilos crumeniferus. maral doe, female deer, marangoz carpenter.
marangozbalığı, -m (../...) zool. sawfish, Pristis.
marangozhane (...— .) carpenter’s shop/workshop.
marangozluk carpentry.
maranta (./.) bot. 1. maranta, Maranta. 2.
   arrowroot, Maranta arundinacea. maraton marathon race, marathon, maraz 1. disease; sickness, malady. 2. colloq.
   very irritable, bad-tempered, grouchy, maraza slang quarrel, row. — çıkarmak slang to provoke a quarrel. — etmek slang to quarrel.
marazi (..—) pathological; diseased, marazlı sickly, in bad health, marda worthless, discarded goods, cullage. mareşal, -li mil. marshal, field marshal, mareşallik mil. marshalship, field marshalcy. — asası baton of a marshal or field marshal, margarik used in: — asit chem. margaric acid, margarin margarine.
margarit, -ti bot. Shasta daisy, Chrysanthemum maximum.
                                                          Mari banyosu, -nu double boiler, bain-marie, marifet, -fi (—..) 1. special skill/talent. 2. special/unique feature (of a thing). 3. piece of work, little masterpiece (said sarcastically). —iyle by, through the agency of (s.o.). marifetli (—...) 1. (person) who possesses a
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    special skill; exceptionally skilled. 2. (s.t.) that has a special feature, unique, marihuana (.../.) 1. marijuana, marihuana (a drug). 2. bot. Indian hemp, bhang, hemp, cannabis, marijuana, marihuana, Cannabis sativa indica. marina (./.) marina, harbor for yachts and pleasure boats, mariniyer (woman’s) sailor blouse.
'mariz sick, ill; sickly.
2mariz slang beating; cudgeling. — atmak /a/ slang to give (s.o.) a beating, —ine kaymak /in/ slang to gang up on (s.o.) and beat him up. — uçlanmak /a/ slang to beat (s.o.) up. marizleme 111 slang beating (s.o.) up. marizlemek hi slang to beat (s.o.) up. marizlenme slang getting beaten up. marizlenmek slang to get beaten up. marj 1. margin (on a page). 2 .fin., com. margin, marjinal, -li 1. econ., psych., sociol. marginal. 2. (s.o.) whose way of living does not accord with that of the majority of people. — maliyet econ. marginal cost, mark, -ki mark (monetary unit of Germany), marka (/.) 1. trademark (of a manufacturer); brand, make (of a manufactured item). 2. token (used in lieu of money). 3. (bird) band; tag (on an animal). 4. (written/stamped/ molded) mark, sign. 5. initials, initialing; name tag (sewn into a garment), markacı (/..) slang 1. cheat, swindler. 2. operator of a brothel; madam, markacıoğlu, -nu (../..) slang trickster, fox;
    swindler, sharpie, markaj sports covering, Brit, marking (an opponent).
markajcı sports 1. player who is good at covering an opponent. 2. (player) who is good at covering an opponent, markalama 111 1. marking. 2. trademarking, labeling (s.t.) with a trademark. 3. banding (a bird); tagging (an animal), markalamak 111 1. to mark. 2. to trademark, label (s.t.) with a trademark. 3. to band (a bird); to tag (an animal), markalanma 1. being marked. 2. being trade-marked. 3. (of a bird) being banded; (of an animal) being tagged, markalanmak 1. to be marked. 2. to be trade-marked. 3. (for a bird) to be banded; (for an animal) to be tagged, markalı (/..) 1. marked. 2. trademarked, labeled with a trademark. 3. banded (bird); tagged (animal).
markasız (/..) 1. unmarked. 2. not labeled with a trademark, generic. 3. unbanded (bird); untagged (animal). 4. lacking a token, marke used in: — etmek 111 sports to cover, Brit, mark (an opponent), market, -ti (self-service) grocery store, grocery, marki marquis, marquess, markiz 1. marquise, marchioness. 2. marquise (a small upholstered sofa). 3. canopy/mar-
   quee (built to overhang a door); roof (over a railway platform), markizet, -ti marquisette.
Marksist, -ti 1. (a) Marxist. 2. Marxist, of or relating to or having the characteristics of Marxism or Marxists.
Marksizm Marxism, marley (/.) vinyl asbestos tile.
Marmara (/..) see Marmara Denizi. — çırası gibi yanmak colloq. to suffer greatly, be crushed, be devastated (because of a loss). Marmara Denizi, -ni the Sea of Marmara, marmelat marmalade, marn geol. marl.
marnlama h! marling, fertilizing with marl, marnlamak 111 to marl, fertilize with marl, maroken morocco leather, morocco, maron maroon, marroon, marron. marpuç long, flexible tube (of a nargileh). marpuççu maker/seller of nargileh tubes. Mars astr. Mars.
mars winning a game of backgammon without letting one’s opponent score at all. — etmek 111 backgammon to skunk, defeat (one’s opponent) completely. — olmak 1. backgammon to be skunked, be defeated completely. 2. colloq. to be left dumfounded, be left speechless with amazement, marsık imperfectly manufactured piece of charcoal (which gives off much smoke and fumes when burnt). — gibi colloq. very swarthy; very swarthy-loolang. marsıvan 1. warden of a frontier district. 2. ass, donkey. — eşeği/ayısı colloq. donkey, ass, fool, idiot.
marsivanotu, -nu (../..) bot. tansy, Tanacetum vulgare.
marş 1. mus. (a) march. 2. auto, starter. M—! mil. Forward, march!/March! —a basmak to press the starter (of a vehicle); to start the motor (of a vehicle). — marş! 1. mil. Run!
   2.     colloq. Get going! marşal obs., school slang class which the teacher misses or in which he/she does not ask students to recite, marşal yardımı, -m slang make-up (cosmetic), marşandiz freight train, marşpiye auto, running board, mart, -ti March. — ayı, dert ayı. (Mart çıkmadıkça dert çıkmaz.) proverb March is an unpleasant month; it’s a time when many people become ill or die. — dokuzu a storm that occurs around March 22nd. — dokuzunda çıra yak, bağ buda, proverb On the first day of spring prune your grapevines, even if you have to do it by torchlight. — havası colloq. changeable weather, unpredictable weather. — havası gibi colloq. unreliable, (person) who blows hot and cold.
   —   içeri, pire dışarı, colloq. (When March comes in, the fleas go out.) When one pest comes, the other pest goes. — kapıdan baktırır, kazma kürek yaktırır, proverb (In
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   March you look out through the door, and then you bum the handles of the pickax and the shovel.) In March there are sunny days when you’ll open a door or a window; and there are also cold days when you’ll burn up anything that’s handy to keep warm (because your winter fuel supply is almost gone). — kedisi slang tomcat, Casanova, womanizer. — kuruluk, nisan yağmurluk. (Martta tezek kuruya, nisanda seller yürüye.) proverb The farmer is happy when it is dry in March and wet in April. — martladı, tavuk yumurtladı, proverb When March comes the hens begin to lay. — ta sürmez, eylülde ekmezsen sabanı bırak. proverb The farmer who doesn’t pay close attention to the calendar might as well give up farming. — yağar, nisan övünür; nisan yağar, insan övünür, proverb March rains cause seeds to sprout in April, and April rains please the farmer by causing the ears of grain to fill out.
martaval slang guff, baloney, hot air, bull. — atmak/okumak slang to talk nonsense, *bullshit.
martavalcı slang person who is full of hot air, *bullshitter.
martavalcılık slang talking guff, *bullshitting. martı zool. gull, sea gull, Lar us. martıgüler zool. Laridae. martika (./.) see martika. martılar zool. Lari.
martika (./.) a Black Sea sailing vessel (which has a high bow and poop and a low middle), martiko (./.) see martika. martin Martini rifle, martini martini (cocktail).
Martinik Martinique.
Martinikli 1. (a) Martinican. 2. Martinican (person), martuka (./.) see martika. maruf (—.) 1. well-known, famous. 2. known.
   3.    Islam canonically recommended, praiseworthy (act), marul (./)/(—.) bot. cos, romaine (lettuce), Lactuca sativa longifolia. marulcu (../)/(—..) grower/seller of cos. marulcuk (../)/(—..) bot. hellebore, Helleborus. Maruni (—.—) 1. (a) Maronite. 2. Maronite (person).
maruz (—.) 1. /a/ exposed to; open to; subjected to. 2. /tarafından/ obs. presented by; submitted by; offered by. — bırakmak /ı, a/ to let (s.o./s.t.) be subjected to, expose (s.o./s.t.) to. — kalmak /a/ to be exposed to, be subjected to.
maruzat, -ti (— —.) obs. one’s humble peti-tion(s)/representation(s). marya (/.) 1. ewe. 2. female animal. 3. assorted small fish (left in a net after the salable ones have been removed), mas, -ssi obs. sucking up, suction; absorption, soaking up, soakage. — etmek /ı/ see mas-
   setmek.
masa (/.) 1. table. 2. desk. 3. desk (a department/a post in an organization). 4. the creditors of a bankrupt person/firm. — örtüsü tablecloth.
                                                                masaj massage. — yapmak /a/ to give (s.o.) a massage, masajcı masseur; masseuse, masal 1. fairy tale; folk tale; fable; yarn. 2. slang cock-and-bull story; bull. — âlemi world of make-believe, world of unreality.
    —  anlatmak 1. to tell tales/stories. 2. /a/ colloq. to feed/give (s.o.) a line, * bullshit.
    —  gibi colloq. fantastic, fabulous, incredible.
    —  okumak /a/ colloq. to feed/give (s.o.) a line, * bullshit.
masalcı 1. storyteller, tale-teller, someone who tells tales/stories. 2. colloq. someone who is full of bull, *bullshitter, *bullshit artist, masarif (.—.) obs. expenses, masat butcher’s steel (for sharpening knives), masatenisi, -ni (./...) see masatopu. masatopu, -nu (./..) table tennis, ping-pong, masaüstü, -nü (./..) desktop, of a size suitable for use on the top of a desk. — yayımcılık desktop publishing, masif 1. solid, not hollow. 2. geog. massif, mask, -ki 1. (actor’s) mask. 2. plaster cast of a person’s face; death mask, maskara 1. colloq. clown, silly ass; laughingstock. 2. colloq. ridiculous, silly, ludicrous, absurd. 3. colloq. droll person; cutup. 4. colloq. droll, comical, funny. 5. (pre-Lenten) carnival masquerader. 6. mask (worn by a carnival masquerader). 7. mascara. — ya almak hi colloq. to make fun of, ridicule.
    —-ya çevirmek hf colloq. to make (s.o./s.t.) look ridiculous. — smı çıkarmak /in/ colloq. to make (s.o.) a laughingstock. — etmek hi colloq. 1. to make (s.o.) a laughingstock. 2. to spoil, ruin (s.t.X — olmak colloq. to become a laughingstock, become a figure of fun.
maskaralanma colloq. 1. clowning around, cutting up. 2. playing the fool, making o.s. a laughingstock, maskaralanmak colloq. 1. to clown around, cut up. 2. to play the fool, make o.s. a laughingstock.
maskaralaşma colloq. 1. becoming (amusingly) funny. 2. becoming a laughingstock, maskaralaşmak colloq. 1. to become (amusingly) funny. 2. to become a laughingstock, maskaralık colloq. 1. clowning, clowning around, cutting up. 2. disgrace; disgraceful action; disgraceful thing. — etmek to clown around, cut up. maskarat, -ti see maskarata. maskarata (../.) toe cap (of a shoe), maskaron arch, mascaron, mask.
Maskat Muscat.
maske 1. mask. 2. arch, mascaron, mask, —sini atmak colloq. to show one’s true colors,
 maskeleme                                     594
   reveal one’s real self, let one’s mask drop.
   —si düşmek colloq. for (s.o.’s) true nature to become apparent, —sini kaldırmak Iml colloq. to show (s.o.) up, expose (s.o.), show (s.o.) as he/she really is. maskeleme hi masking, maskelemek 111 to mask, maskelenme being masked; becoming masked, maskelenmek to be masked; to become masked, maskeli masked. — balo masked ball, costume ball, fancy dress ball, maskot, -tu mascot.
maslahat, -ti 1. business matter. 2. important matter. 3. reason why something is for the good. 4. slang penis, tool, maslahatgüzar charge d’affaires, maslahatgüzarlık the rank/the work of a charge d’affaires, maslak 1. pipe (at a fountain/a spring) from which water continuously flows. 2. tank (erected along a water conduit) from which water is diverted to various places. 3. watering trough, masmavi (/—.) very blue, deep blue, mason Mason, Freemason. — locası Masonic lodge.
masonluk Masonry, Freemasonry, masör masseur, masöz masseuse.
masraf 1. expense(s), expenditure(s). 2. ingredients; material(s), necessary supplies. — ı çekmek colloq. to see to the expenses, pay for something/someone, —mı çıkarmak colloq. (for s.t ./s.o.) to pay for itself/himself/ herself, —tan çıkmak colloq. unexpectedly to have to shell out money, have unexpected expenses. — etmek to spend money; to pay out money, —a girmek colloq. to spend a lot of money (to get s.t. done). — görmek colloq. to shell out money, —tan kaçmak colloq. 1. to try to avoid spending money. 2. to be tight-fisted. — kapısı açmak colloq.
   1. /kendine/ to get (o.s.) involved in something that calls for money. 2. (for an undertaking) to force one to shell out money. — ı kısmak colloq. to cut back on expenses, cut costs, —a sokmak 111 colloq. to cause (s.o.) expense.
masrafçı 1. seller of notions, Brit, haberdasher.
   2.    notions store, Brit, haberdasher’s shop, masraflı expensive, costly, masrafsız 1. free of cost. 2. (s.t.) that doesn’t
   cost one much; cost-efficient, cost-effective, massetmek (/..) Ill obs. to suck up; to absorb, soak up.
'mastar gram, verbal noun; infinitive; gerund. 2mastar gage/template/pattern (for checking dimensions), mastara obs. alidade, master master’s degree, master’s, mastı 1. basset, basset hound. 2. dachshund, mastıçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. arnica, Arnica Montana.
maşallah
 mastika (./.) 1. mastic (raki flavored with mastic). 2. gum mastic, mastic, mastich, mas-tiche.
 mastor slang 1. stinking drunk, blotto, high as a kite. 2. high (on a drug), mastorlaşma slang 1. getting stinking drunk.
     2. getting high (on a drug), mastorlaşmak slang 1. to get stinking drunk.
     2. to get high (on a drug), mastur slang, see mastor. masturi (./.) naut. the beam (the widest part of a ship/a boat), masturlaşma slang, see mastorlaşma. masturlaşmak slang, see mastorlaşmak. mastürbasyon masturbation. — yapmak to masturbate (o.s.). masum (—.) 1. innocent. 2. colloq. small child, masumane (-—.— .) 1. innocently. 2. innocent (action); innocent-looking (action), masumiyet, -ti (—...) see masumluk, masumluk (—..) innocence, masun (.—) obs. 1. safe, secure. 2. law inviolable. 3. /dan/ protected (from). 4. /dan/ exempt/immune (from), masuniyet, -ti (.— ..) obs. 1. law inviolability;
                                                            immunity. 2. safety, security, masura (./.) 1. bobbin (for thread). 2. spout (for a fountain). 3. obs. a unit for measuring the flow of water, maş bot. 1. mung bean, green gram, Phaseolus aureus. 2. urd, black gram, Phaseolus mungo. ■ maşa 1. tongs, pair of tongs; fire tongs. 2. fork (of a bicycle frame). 3. curling iron. — gibi colloq. thin and dark-complexioned (person).
    —      gibi kullanmak 111 colloq. to use (s.o.) as a cat’s-paw. — kadar colloq. tiny, teeny, teeny-weeny (baby), —sı olmak Iml colloq. to be (s.o.’s) tool, be (s.o.’s) cat’s-paw. — varken elini ateşe sokma, proverb (When you’ve got tongs, don’t put your hand in the fire.) Don’t do something dangerous if you can get somebody else to do it for you. — varken elini yakmak colloq. to take chances, take a chance (when there is no need to do so), maşacı maker/seller of tongs, maşalama hi 1. crimping (hair) with a curling iron. 2. straightening (hair) with a curling iron.
 maşalamak 111 1. to crimp (hair) with a curling iron. 2. to straighten (hair) with a curling iron.
 maşalık colloq. being the tool of somebody. — etmek /a/ to act as a tool for (s.o.), act as a cat’s-paw for (s.o.). maşallah (—'..) 1. Wonderful!/Magnificent!/Just look at that! 2. May God preserve him/her from evil! 3. Wonders never cease! (said to indicate surprise). 4. amulet bearing the inscription Maşallah in Arabic characters (pinned to children to ward off the evil eye), —l var. Iml colloq., used to show admiration: Oğlunuzun maşallahı var. What a
 maşatlık
   fine lad your son is! Arabasının maşallahı
   var. His car is really dandy! maşatlık non-Muslim (usually Jewish) cemetery, maşlah a long, open-fronted cloak (formerly worn by women), maşrapa 1. (a jug-shaped) cup (usually made of metal). 2. dipper, maşuk, -ku (—.) obs. beloved (a man).
 maşuka (--------.) obs. beloved (a woman).
 Jmat, -ti chess checkmate, mate, being checkmated. — etmek 111 1. chess to checkmate. 2. colloq. to bring (s.o.’s/s.t.’s) progress to a halt, outmaneuver. 3. colloq. to silence, reduce (s.o.) to silence (by superior argumentation). — olmak 1. chess to be checkmated. 2. colloq. to be outmanquvered. 3. colloq. to be reduced to silence.
2mat, -ti dull, lusterless, mat. matador matador, matafora (../.) naut. davit, matafyon eyelet (hole in a piece of canvas reinforced with a grommet). matah (used sarcastically) 1. prize package, great shakes, something to write home about. 2. great, wonderful (thing), matara (./.) (metal/plastic) canteen/flask;
   leather flask, matjbaa printing house, printing office, press, matbaacı 1. printer, operator of a printing business. .2. printer, operator of a printing machine.
matbaacılık 1. operating a printing business, printing. 2. operating a printing machine, printing, matbah obs. kitchen, matbu, -uu (.—) printed (matter), matbua printed matter.
matbuat, -ti the press (newspapers and periodicals collectively), matem (—.) mourning. — ayı (the month of) Muharrâm. — e girmek to begin to mourn; to go into mourning. — havası mournful/ gloomy atmosphere. — tutmak to mourn, matematik mathematics, matematikçi 1, mathematician. 2. colloq. mathematics teacher, matematiksel mathematical, matemli (—..) 1. (person) who is in mourning.
   2. mournful, mournful-looking, funereal, materyal, -li material, supplies, materyalist, -ti 1. (a) materialist. 2. materialistic, materialist, materyalizm materialism, matine 1. matinee, matinee performance. 2.
   (woman’s) dressing gown, matinee.
 ’matiz naut. making a long splice.
2matiz slang stinking drunk, stinko. matkap drill; gimlet; auger, matla, -ai (.—) poet, the first couplet of a qasida/a ghazel. matlaşma becoming dull, becoming lusterless. matlaşmak to become dull, become lusterless. matlaştırma hi dulling, making (s.t.) lose its
595                                              mavna
    luster.
 matlaştırmak hi to dull, make (s.t.) lose its luster.
                              matlup fin. credit, receivable account, matmazel (used of non-Muslim women) 1. Mademoiselle, Miss (used as a title or as a form of address). 2. mademoiselle, miss, matrah figure showing the taxable value of something.
matrak 1. slang funny, amusing, droll. 2. slang joking; wisecracking. 3. thick stick; cudgel, —a almak /ı/, — geçmek /la/ slang to make fun of; to tease, matrakçı slang joker; wisecracker. matrakuka slang penis, tool, *pecker. matriarkal, -li matriarchal, matris 1. print, matrix, strike. 2. math, matrix, matuf (—.) /a/ obs. directed towards, aimed at. maun 1. bot. mahogany, Swietenia mahogani. 2. mahogany (the wood). 3. mahogany, made of mahogany, maval slang pack of lies; cock-and-bull story.
    —  okumak slang to tell someone a pack of lies; to give someone a cock-and-bull story.
 mavi (—.) blue. — boncuk blue bead (used to ward off the evil eye). — boncuk dağıtmak colloq. to tell each of one’s girl friends (or beaux) that she’s/he’s the apple of one’s eye.
    —  boncuk hikâyesi colloq. a case of one person’s stringing another person along. — boncuk kimde? colloq. And who’s her latest flame?/And just who’s he snowing now? (said of people who are inconstant in their affections). — hastalık path, cyanosis. — kâğıt almak slang (for a taxi driver) to get fired, get his walking papers. — kâğıt vermek /a/ slang to fire (a driver), give (a driver) his walking papers. — kurdele blue ribbon (first prize).
mavibaştankara (—/....) zool. blue titmouse, blue tit, Parus caeruleus. mavikantaron (—/...) bot. cornflower, blue-bonnet, Centaurea cyanus. mavikiif (—/.) bot. blue mold, Peronospora tabacina. — hastalığı blue mold rot. mavileşme (—...) turning blue, mavileşmek (—...) to turn blue, mavileştirme (—....) hi making (s.t.) turn blue, blueing.
 mavileştirmek (—....) hi to make (s.t.) turn blue, blue.
 mavili (—..) 1. (s.t.) which is blue in places. 2.
   dressed in blue, mavilik (—..) 1. blueness. 2. the blue (the sky/ the sea), mavimsi (-^..) bluish, mavimtırak (—...) see mavimsi, mavisuyosunlan (—/.....) bot. blue-green algae, Cyanophyta. maviş (■—.) colloq. 1. blonde and blue-eyed. 2.
   blonde and blue-eyed person, mavna (/.) barge, lighter. — ücreti lighterage, fee paid for lightering.
mavnacı
596
‘mazhar
mavnacı (/..) bargeman, barge operator, lighterman.
mavro (/.) slang (a) Black. — oskisi slang an Egyptian pound (money), mavuna (./.) see mavna, mavzer Mauser rifle.
'maya 1. yeast; leaven; ferment; starter, culture. 2. enzyme. 3. colloq. (s.t.’s) fundamental component, basic ingredient; (s.o.’s) essential nature, marrow, blood. 4. slang shameless and pushy person, —sı bozuk colloq. (essentially) bad, corrupt, no-good (person). 2maya prov. female camel.
3maya a type of Turkish folk song, mayaağacı, -ni (./...) bot. African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis. mayabozan antienzyme, mayalama 1. /ı/ adding yeast to, yeasting (s.t.); adding a starter/a culture to (s.t.). 2. slang talking big; tooting one’s own horn, mayalamak 1. /ı/ to add yeast to, yeast (s.t.); to add a starter/a culture to (s.t.). 2. slang to talk big; to toot one’s own horn, mayalanma fermentation, becoming fermented, mayalanmak to ferment, work, mayalı leavened; yeasted; (s.t.) to which a starter has been added, mayalık (s.t.) which can be used as a leaven/a ferment/a starter, mayasıl path. 1. eczema. 2. piles, hemorrhoids, mayasız devoid of yeast/a ferment/a starter. — ekmek unleavened bread. — yoğurt tutmaz/ çalınmaz, proverb (You can’t make yogurt without a starter.) If you want to make some money, you must first obtain some capital, maydanoz bot. parsley, Petroselinum latifolium. maydanozgiller bot. Umbelliferae. mayhoş 1. agreeably tart, mildly sour. 2. colloq. rather strained, cool (relations): Aramız mayhoş oldu. Things between us have become a bit strained ./We’re no longer on such intimate terms with each other, mayhoşluk 1. agreeable tartness, mild sourness.
    2. colloq. coolness (in relations), maym 1. mil. mine (an explosive). 2. slang blockhead, dodo. 3. slang greenhorn at gambling. — dedektörü mine detector. — dökmek /a/ to mine, lay mines (in). — tarama gemisi minesweeper. — tarlası minefield, mayınlama /ı/ mil. mining, mayınlamak hi mil. to mine, mayınlanma mil. being mined, mayınlanmak mil. to be mined.
'mayıs May (month).
2mayis prov. fresh cow manure, mayısböceği, -ni (./...) zool. cockchafer, Melo-lontha melolontha. mayısböcekleri, -ni (./....) zool. Melolonthidae. mayışma colloq. 1. getting drowsy; feeling like stretching out and taking a nap. 2. staring stupidly.
mayışmak colloq. 1. to get drowsy; to feel like stretching out and taking a nap. 2. to stare
    stupidly.
mayi, -ii (—.) 1. (a) liquid, (a) fluid. 2. liquid, fluid.
mayistra (./.) 1. naut. mainsail. 2. northwest wind.
maymun 1. monkey; ape. 2. colloq. ugly and ridiculous-looking (person), —a benzetmek/ çevirmek h/ colloq. to make (s.o./s.t.) look ridiculous, —a dönmek colloq. 1. to become ridiculous-looking. 2. to become well-be-haved. — ekmeği ağacı bot. monkey bread tree, baobab, Adansonia digitata. — u firma/ ateşe atmışlar, yavrusunu ayağının altına almış, proverb, see Ayıyı fırma/ateşe atmışlar, yavrusunu ayağının altına almış. — gibi colloq. small, wiry, and energetic (person). — gözünü açtı, colloq. He/She has learned his/her lesson ./He/She won’t be fooled again. — iştahlı colloq. (person) who is completely lacking in stick-to-itiveness. — suratlı colloq. (person) with a face that’s as ugly as sin.
maymunbalığı, -m (./...) zool. monkfish, angel-fish, Squatina. maymuncuk 1. skeleton key, picklock. 2. zool.
    short-nosed weevil, Otiorhynchus peregrinus. maymunlar zool. Primates. maymunluk colloq. clowning around, cutting up.
maymunsular zool. Lemuroidea. mayna (/.) 1. naut. Lower the sails! 2. slang (s.t.’s) dying down, subsiding. — etmek 1. hi naut. to lower. 2. (for a storm) to subside, die down. — olmak 1. naut. to be lowered. 2. to die down, subside, come to an end.
mayo (/.) 1. bathing suit, swimsuit. 2. bathing trunks. 3. leotard, mayonez mayonnaise.
mayonezli (a dish) made with mayonnaise: mayonezli ıstakoz lobster mayonnaise, maytap fireworks sparkler, —a almak (— etmek) h! slang to make fun of, Brit, take the mickey out of (s.o.). mazak zool. streaked gurnard, Trigla lineata. mazbata official report (signed and submitted by a committee/a group), mazbut, -tu 1. morally upright, disciplined, and orderly (person). 2. solid, well-built (building). 3. obs. written down, recorded, mazeret, -ti (—..) excuse, mazeretli (—...) excusable, justifiable, warranted; (s.o.) who has an excuse, mazeretsiz (—...) unjustifiable, unwarranted;
    (s.o.) who has no excuse, mazgal crenel; loophole; embrasure; machicolation. — deliği loophole (in a fortification).
    —      dişi/siperi merlon, mazgala burnisher, burnishing tool, mazgallı crenelated. — barbata crenelated parapet, battlement.
'mazhar the object of (honors/favor/compliments). — olmak /a/ to be the recipient of,
2mazhar
 597
medeni
   be the object of (honors/favor/compliments). 2mazhar a tambourine (used in the music of certain dervish groups), mazı 1. bot. arborvitae, Thuya. 2. gallnut, gall-apple, oak gall, oak apple. — tozu gallo-tannin, tannin (in powder form), mazıböceği, -ni (./...) zool. gallfly, Cynips. mazı meşesi, -ni (./...) bot. gall oak, Quercus infectoria.
mazi (-------) 1. the past. 2. obs., gram, the sim-
   ple past tense, the preterit, the preterite, —ye karışmak colloq. to become a thing of the past.
mazlum 1. wronged, oppressed. 2. quiet, compliant, inoffensive. —un ahi, indirir şahı. (Mazlumun ahi yerde kalmaz.) proverb An unjust, oppressive ruler will sooner or later be dethroned, maznun obs., law 1. suspected, accused. 2. suspect, accused person, mazoşist, -ti psych. 1. (a) masochist. 2. masochistic, mazoşizm psych, masochism, mazot, -tu 1. diesel oil, diesel fuel. 2. mazut, mazout. 3. slang booze, firewater. 4. slang cigarette, fag. — almak slang to eat, put on the feedbag, get one’s fill. — u yerinde olmak slang to be as high as a kite, be stinking drunk, be tanked up. mazotçu slang a real boozer, boozehound. mazur (—.) excused; excusable. — görmek/ tutmak hi to excuse, pardon, mazurka (./.) mazurka, mazourka.
Md chem. Md (mendelevium).
me baa (the cry of a sheep/a lamb/a goat).
meal, -li (.—) meaning, purport (of a statement).
   bu — de to this effect, meblağ amount, sum (of money), mebus 1. member of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, deputy in the Turkish parliament. 2. pol. deputy; member of parliament, MP.
mebusluk 1. being a member of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. 2. pol. deputyship. mebzul, -lü obs. abundant, mecal, -li power, strength, mecalsiz weak, drained of strength, mecalsizlik weakness, exhaustion; drained feeling.
                                mecaz 1. figure of speech, trope. 2. metaphor, mecazen (.—'.) 1. figuratively, using a figure of speech. 2. metaphorically, using a metaphor; in metaphors, mecazi (.— —) 1. figurative. 2. metaphorical, mecbur /a/ forced to, obliged to. — etmek /ı, a/ to force/oblige (s.o.) to (do s.t.). — kalmak /a/ to be forced to, be obliged to, have to (do s.t.). — olmak /a/ 1. to be forced to, be obliged to, have to (do s.t.). 2. to feel obliged to, feel that one has to (do s.t.). mecburen (.—'.) out of necessity, because one has to; perforce, mecburi (.— —) compulsory, obligatory. —
    iniş forced landing (of an aircraft), mecburiyet, -ti (.— ..) being forced to; being compelled to, compulsion, —inde kalmak to be forced to, be obliged to, have to (do s.t.).
meccanen (.—'.) obs. free, gratis, without paying.
meccani (.------) obs. 1. free (of charge), gratu-
    itous. 2. (student) who can attend a school without paying fees, scholarship (student). Mecelle law a civil code devised in the nineteenth century and used until 1926. mecidiye hist, a silver coin issued in the time of Sultan Abdiilmecit. mecit see mecidiye.
meclis 1. meeting, gathering (for business/ pleasure). 2. assembly; council; (administrative) board. 3. the Turkish Grand National Assembly. 4. all those present (at a meeting/ a gathering). — kurmak to have a meeting; to get together (for business/pleasure). M—i Mebusan the Ottoman Parliament, mecmu, -uu (.—) obs. 1. all. 2. math, total, sum.
mecmua magazine, periodical, mecnun 1. mad, insane. 2. crazed by love, love -crazed.
mecra (.—) 1. watercourse, bed of a stream. 2.
    colloq. the course (of events), mecruh obs. wounded, injured.
Mecusi (.-------) 1. (a) Zoroastrian, (a) Mazdean.
    2. Zoroastrian, Mazdean.
Mecusilik (.-------.) Zoroastrianism, Mazdaism.
meczup 1. Sufism dervish who has been completely carried away by a mystical experience. 2. colloq. crazy, insane, deranged, ’meç, -çi rapier; small sword; foil.
2meç, -çi 1. (hair’s) being streaked with artificial color. 2. strand/lock of hair. — yaptırmak to have one’s hair streaked, meçhul, -lü 1. unknown. 2. the unknown. 3.
    obs., gram, passive, meçli streaked (hair).
medar (.—) obs. 1. reason, cause; means. 2. (a) support; (a) help. 3. geog. Tropic (of Cancer/Capricorn). 4. the point on which something turns, —i iftihar source of pride, one’s pride and joy. — ı maişet means of subsistence, livelihood. — olmak /a/ to be a means of; to help to, aid in. meddah 1. public storyteller and mimic. 2. flatterer, adulator, meddahlık 1. being a public storyteller. 2. flattery, adulation, meddücezir, -zri (/...) the ebb and flow of the tides, the tides, medeni (..—) 1. civilized. 2. law civil. — cesaret colloq. the courage to speak one’s mind in public. — haklar civil rights. — hal marital status. — hukuk civil law (as opposed to criminal law). — kanun code of civil law, civil code. — nikâh civil marriage. — ölüm law civil death.
 medenileşme                                       598
medenileşme           becoming civilized,
medenileşmek (..— ..) to become civilized, medenilik        civilization,  being civilized,
medeniyet, -ti 1. civilization, being civilized.
    2.   civilization, the sum of those qualities that give a society its particular character, medeniyetsiz uncivilized, medet help, aid. — Allah! colloq. Help me,
    God! — beklemek/ummak /dan/ to hope for help (from); to expect (s.o./s.t.) to help one.
medh obs., see meth. medih, -dhi obs., see meth. medikososyal medico-social.
Medine (.—.) Medina. — fukarası gibi dizilmek colloq. (for people) to line up and wait their turn.
medinekurdu, -nu (.— /..) zool. Guinea worm, Dracunculus medinensis. mediyastin anat. mediastinum, medrese hist, medresseh, madrasah, madrasa (theological school attached to a mosque).
    —ye düşmek colloq. (for s.t.) to become a subject of endless debate, medreseli student at a medresseh. medüz zool. medusa, jellyfish, medya (/.) the media, medyum spiritualism medium, medyumluk spiritualism being a medium, medyun indebted. — olmak /a/ to be indebted (to).
mefhum concept.
mefkûre (.—.) ideal, lofty aim.
mefkûreci (.— ..) 1. (an) idealist. 2. idealistic.
mefkûrecilik (.—...) idealism.
meflaket, -ti slang fat woman, a big momma.
mefluç obs. paralyzed.
mefruşat, -ti (.—.) 1. fabrics (used for upholstering/curtaining). 2. furnishings (for a home/an office), meftun captivated, charmed; infatuated. — etmek h! to captivate, charm; to infatuate. — olmak /a/ to be captivated (by), be charmed (by); to be infatuated (with), meftuniyet, -ti (.— ..) obs., see meftunluk, meftunluk being captivated, captivation, megabayt, -ti comp, megabyte, megabit, -ti comp, megabit, megafon megaphone, megahertz phys. megahertz, megaloman 1. (a) megalomaniac. 2. megalomaniac, megalomaniacal, megalomanic. megalomani megalomania, megalosefal, -li anat. megalocephalic, megalo-cephalous. megametre (../.) megameter, megaton megaton, megavat, -ti megawatt, meğer (/.) It seems that .../Apparently .../Now I find out that ...: Meğer gelmemiş. It seems that he didn’t come, meğerki (/..) unless: Gideceğiz, meğerki kar yağsın. We’ll go unless it snows.
                                                                                                   mektup
meğerse (/..) see meğer.
mehil, -hli 1. fixed period of time (for the carrying out of an action). 2. grace period, respite, delay, extension, mehle prov., butchery the best end of a neck of mutton.
mehlika as fair as the moon, beautiful. Mehmetçik a name used to refer to any enlisted man in the Turkish army. mehtap moonlight, moonglow. —a çıkmak colloq. to go out and enjoy the moonlight, mehtaplı moonlit.
mehter member of a Janissary band (of musicians). — takımı Janissary band (of musicians).
mehterbaşı, -m (./..) director of a Janissary band (of musicians), mehterhane (..—.) Janissary band (of musicians).
mekân 1. place. 2. residence, abode, seat. 3.
   obs., phil. space, mekanik 1. mechanics. 2. mechanical, mekanikçi phil. 1. (a) mechanist. 2. mechanistic.
mekanikçilik phil. mechanism, mekanize mil. equipped with armed and armored motor vehicles, mechanized, mekanizm see mekanikçilik, mekanizma (../.) mechanism, mekik (weaver’s) shuttle. — atmak 1. to shoot a shuttle. 2. colloq. to shuttle, travel back and forth. — diplomasisi pol. shuttle diplomacy. —i doğru işlemek slang to know what one is talking about; to talk sense. — dokumak colloq. to shuttle, travel back and forth. — masurası bobbin of a shuttle. Mekke (/.) Mecca.
mekonyum (./.) meconium (of a fetus), mekruh 1. obs. abominable, disgusting. 2. Islamic law (s.t.) regarded as reprehensible though not forbidden by God.
Meksika (./.) 1. Mexico. 2. Mexican, of Mexico. — Körfezi the Gulf of Mexico. Meksikali (./..) 1. (a) Mexican. 2. Mexican (person).
mektep 1. school. 2. slang whorehouse, cat-house. 3. slang prison, jail, the clink, the jug.
   —i asmak slang to skip school, play hooky, play truant. — e başlatmak hi slang to sell.
   —  çocuğu 1. schoolboy; schoolgirl. 2. slang rank beginner, greenhorn. — etmek hi slang to sell. — görmemiş 1. colloq. illiterate. 2. colloq. (person) who has never attended a school. 3. slang ill-mannered, rude. — kaçağı colloq. truant, kid who is playing hooky.
   —     medrese görmüş colloq. educated, mektepli 1. pupil, student, schoolkid. 2. person
   who has a school or university diploma; person who has book learning (but little practical experience), mektup letter. — atmak to mail a letter. — u dışından okumak colloq. to be able to read what’s in someone’s mind by looking at the
 mektupçu                                         599
   expression on his/her face. — üstü address on a letter.
mektupçu formerly chief secretary (for a ministry, government bureau, or provincial government), mektuplaşma correspondence, exchange of letters.
mektuplaşmak to correspond, exchange letters, melaike (.—..) obs. angels, melal, -li (.—) obs. tedium, ennui, boredom; fed-upness.
Melami (.-------) 1. Malami, an adherent of the
   Malami tariqat. 2. Malami.
Melamilik (.— —.) 1. the Malami tariqat. 2.
                                                                                       being a Malami. melamin melamine.
melanet, -ti (/..) damnable act, abominable deed.
Melanezya (../.) 1. Melanesia. 2. Melanesian, of Melanesia.
Melanezyali (../..) 1. (a) Melanesian. 2. Melanesian (person), melanin biochem. melanin, melanit, -ti min. melanite. melankoli 1. melancholy, dejection, lowness of spirits. 2. med. melancholia, melankolik 1. melancholy, sad. 2. melancholiac, melancholic, melanom path, melanoma, melanurya (../.) zool. saddled bream, Oblada melanura. melas molasses, Brit, treacle, melee, -ei (place of) refuge, sanctuary, asylum, melek angel. — gibi colloq. 1. angelic, sweet and good-hearted. 2. angelic-looking. melekbalığı, -m (./...) zool. angelfish, scalare, Pterophyllum. meleke 1. psych, faculty, mental power. 2. aptitude, bent, knack. 3. (acquired) skill, proficiency, expertise, melekotu, -nu (./..) bot. angelica, Angelica. meleme 1. bleat, bleating (of a sheep/a lamb/a goat). 2. prov. incompetent, bungling, melemek (for a sheep/a lamb/a goat) to bleat, baa.
melengiç bot. 1. terebinth tree, Pistacia tere-binthus. 2. nettle tree, honey berry, Celtis australis; hackberry tree, hackberry, Celtis occidentalis. meles prov. sway backed, swayback (horse), meleş prov. ewe which has two lambs, meleşme bleating together, meleşmek to bleat together, melez 1. crossbred, hybrid. 2. (s.o.) of mixed race/blood. 3. (s.o.) whose parents do not share a common nationality. 4. made Up of various elements, (s.t.) which is an amalgam.
melezleme crossbreeding, hybridizing, hybridization.
melezlemek /i/ to crossbreed, hybridize, melezleşme being crossbred, being hybridized, melezleşmek to be crossbred, be hybridized.
                                                                                                memnun
melezlik hybridism, hybridity, being crossbred, melhem colloq., see merhem, melik, -ki king, sovereign, ruler, melike (.-—.) queen, sovereign, ruler, melinit, -ti chem. melinite, melisa (..'.) bot. lemon balm, bee balm, Melissa officinalis. melodi melody, melodik melodic, melodram melodrama, melodramatik melodramatic, melon see melon şapka. — şapka derby, derby hat, Brit, bowler, meltem offshore breeze that blows daily in summer.
melun cursed, accursed, damned, melül, -lü 1. sad, low-spirited, blue. 2. cowed/ whipped (look). 3. obs. bored, weary, fed up.
    —  melül bakmak to have a cowed/whipped look on one’s face.
memba, -ai (.—) 1. spring; fountainhead, source (of a stream/a river). 2. source, origin. — suyu (natural) mineral water, meme 1. breast, anat. mamma. 2. udder; dug.
    3. mech. nozzle. 4. naut. crown (of an anchor). 5. path, external protuberance (owing to a swelling/a growth). —-de (child) which has not yet been weaned. —■ başı nipple, teat.
    —  başı yokluğu athelia. — bezi anat. mammary gland. — düğmesi see meme başı. — emmek (for an infant) to nurse, suck. — gülü see meme başı, —den kesmek /ı/ to wean (a child). — süngeri anat., see meme bezi.
    —  ucu see meme başı. — vermek /a/ to suckle (a baby). — yokluğu amastia.
memecik anat. papilla.
                                                             memeli 1. mammiferous. 2. colloq. chesty, buxom, bosomy. — hayvanlar zool. mammals, memelik cloth tied around an udder (either to prevent its being sucked or to protect it from injury).
memeliler zool. mammals, Mammalia. mememsi nipple-shaped, teat-like, papillate, memeş prov. slobber, slaver (dripping from a cow’s mouth), memişhane (..—.) colloq. toilet, can, john, naut. head.
memleket, -ti 1. country, land (a political state). 2. colloq. one’s native region, the area one grew up in; home town. 3. one’s native land, fatherland. 4. colloq. region, area. 5. colloq. city. 6. the whole country, the whole nation. 7. slang Beyoğlu, Pera. memleketli 1. fellow countryman, compatriot.
                                                             2. person from the region one grew up in. Memluk, -kü hist. 1. (a) Marnluk. 2. Mamluk. memluk, -kü obs. 1. slave. 2. mameluke. memnu, -uu (.—) forbidden, prohibited, off limits. — meyve forbidden fruit. — mıntıka obs. off limits area, memnun pleased, happy, glad, delighted; satisfied, gratified, contented. — etmek /ı/ to please, make (s.o.) happy; to satisfy. — ol-
memnuniyet
    mak 1. to be pleased, be happy; to be satisfied. 2. /a/ to be pleased that .... 3. /dan/ to be pleased with (s.o./s.t.). memnuniyet, -ti (.— ..) pleasure, gladness; satisfaction.
memnuniyetle              with pleasure, gladly;
    with satisfaction, memnunluk pleasure, gladness; satisfaction, memorandum (../.) 1. diplomatic note; note, warning (sent to a government). 2. memorandum, note, memur (—.) 1. civil servant, jobholder, functionary, bureaucrat. 2. colloq. employee. 3. /a/ charged with, entrusted with the task of.
    —  etmek /ı, a/ to charge (s.o.) with, entrust (s.o.) with the task of.
memure (--------.) 1. female civil servant. 2. col-
    loq. female employee, memuriyet, -ti (— —..) 1. civil service post, government job. 2. colloq. job, position, memurluk (—..) 1. being a civil servant. 2. colloq. being an employee, men, -n’i prohibiting, forbidding, prohibition, menacer see menajer.
menajer manager (usually of a performing artist).
mendebur 1. low-down, good-for-nothing (person). 2. bastard, son of a bitch, mendelevyum chem. mendelevium. menderes geog. meander, bend, turn (in a river).
mendil 1. handkerchief. 2. large napkin/handkerchief. 3. prov. cloth spread under a dining table during a meal. — kadar colloq. very small amount (of s.t.); very scanty (garment).
    —  sallamak to wave one’s handkerchief (in greeting/farewell).
mendirek (/..) 1. colloq. breakwater, mole. 2. harbor (created by the erection of a breakwater).
menedilme (/...) being forbidden, being prohibited.
menedilmek (/...) to be forbidden, be prohibited.
menekşe (./.) 1. bot. violet, Viola. 2. slang anus, * asshole.
menekşegiller (./...) bot. Violaceae. menekşegülü, -nü (./...) bot. China rose, Bengal rose, Rosa chinensis. menengiç bot. 1. terebinth tree, Pistacia tere-binthus. 2. nettle tree, honey berry, Celtis australis; hackberry tree, hackberry, Celtis occidentalis. menenjit, -ti path, meningitis, menetme (/..) /ı/ forbidding, prohibiting, menetmek (/..) /if to forbid, prohibit, meneviş 1. seed of the terebinth tree. 2. water, moire. 3. grayish blue color (seen in steel), inenevişlenme 1. taking on the finish of watered silk. 2. turning a glimmering, grayish blue.
menevişlenmek 1. to take on the finish of watered silk. 2. to turn a glimmering, grayish
                                                                                                menzilci
   blue.
menevişli 1. watered, moired. 2. (s.t.) which has the finish of watered silk. 3. (s.t.) which has turned a glimmering, grayish blue, menfaat, -ti benefit; advantage; interest, menfaatçi 1. self-seeker. 2. self-seeking (person).
menfaatperest, -ti self-seeking (person), menfaatperestlik self-seeking, the seeking of one’s own interest or selfish ends, menfez 1. opening, aperture; air hole, vent. 2.
   culvert, menfî (.—) negative, menfur loathsome, hateful, abhorrent, mengeç prov. large shuttle (for wool), mengel prov. anklet (bangle for the ankle), mengene (./.) 1. press (for squeezing a liquid from fruit). 2. clamp. 3. vise, menhus obs. unlucky, inauspicious, meni semen, sperm.
                                                            menisk, -ki 1. meniscus, a concavo-convex lens.
   2. anat. meniscus, menkıbe (.—.) tale, legend, menkul, -lü 1. obs. transported, conveyed, transferred. 2. movable, portable, convey able, transferable. 3. movable, a movable piece of property. 4. obs. (story) which has been handed down by word of mouth. — kıymetler com. securities, stocks and bonds. — kıymetler borsasi com. stock exchange. — mallar movable goods, menolunma (/...) being forbidden, being prohibited.
menolunmak (/...) to be forbidden, be prohibited, menopoz menopause, mensucat, -ti (.—.) textiles, mensup 1. /a/ related to, connected to, attached to; belonging to. 2. member; employee; person who has a connection/an affiliation with.
   —     olmak /a/ to be connected to, be attached to; to belong to, be a member of. mensur obs. prose, written in prose, menşe, -ei place of origin, source, root. — şahadetnamesi com. certificate of origin, menşeli (s.t.) which comes from, which originates from, menteşe hinge, menteşeli hinged, mentol, -lü menthol.
mentollü mentholated. — sigara menthol cigarette.
                              menü 1. menu, bill of fare. 2. all the dishes served at a meal, menu. 3. comp. menu, menüsküs anat. meniscus, menzil 1. range (of a weapon). 2. overnight stopping place, stage. 3. the distance between two overnight stopping places, a day’s journey, stage. 4. hist, stage where a postrider changed horses or spent the night. — sahası mil. communications zone, menzilci hist, postrider. — beygiri gibi koşmak colloq. 1. to work like a house on fire. 2. to
600
menzilli
601
merhameten
   run hither and thither in order to get something done, menzilli (weapon) which has a range of. mera pasture (for grazing animals), merak, -ki 1. curiosity. 2. great interest in, great liking for; passion for (s.t.). 3. being particular/fastidious about. 4. anxiety, worry.
   —ta bırakmak hi to leave (s.o.) worried, put (s.o.) into an anxious state, —tan çatlamak colloq. 1. to burst with curiosity. 2. to be filled with anxiety. — etme! colloq. Don’t worry! — etmek hi 1. to be curious (about). 2. to be anxious (about). — getirmek to suffer from melancholia. — ı kalkmak 1. for a feeling of sadness/melancholy to descend upon (s.o.). 2. to become filled with curiosity.
   —      olmak /a/ to become the object of (s.o.’s) curiosity/interest. — ı olmak /a/ to be greatly interested in; to have a passion for. — sar-mak/sardirmak /a/ to develop a great interest in; to develop a passion for. meraklandırma 111 making (s.o.) anxious/curious.
meraklandırmak 111 to make (s.o.) anxious/curious.
                                                             meraklanma 1. /a/ worrying (about), being anxious (about). 2. arousal of (s.o.’s) curiosity, meraklanmak 1. /a/ to worry (about), be anxious (about). 2. for (s.o.’s) curiosity to be aroused.
meraklı 1. curious, inquisitive, inquiring. 2. /a/ very fond of, having a great interest in (s.t.). 3. /a/ particular/scrupulous/exacting (about). 4. anxious, (s.o.) who’s inclined to worry.
meraksız 1. incurious, uninquisitive, uninquir-ing. 2. (s.o.) who’s not inclined to worry; unanxious, unworried, meraksızlık 1. lack of curiosity, lack of inquisitiveness. 2. lack of anxiety, meral, -li see maral.
meram aim, goal, aspiration, —mı anlatmak to explain what it is that one wants; to express o.s. — m elinden bir şey kurtulmaz. (Meramın elinden ne kurtulur.) proverb One who commits himself/herself wholeheartedly to a job will eventually bring it to a successful conclusion. — etmek to commit
   o.s. wholeheartedly to doing something. — ı kalaycılık değil göt/kıç çalkalamak, vulg. He/She acts like he’s/she’s working, but all he/she really does is goof off. merasim (.—.) 1. ceremony. 2. formalities, formal procedures. — kıtası honor guard, guard of honor.
merasimli (.— ..) (s.t.) which is done very formally, formal, which is done with ceremony, ceremonious, merasimsiz (.— ..) 1. simple, informal. 2.
   simply, without ceremony, merbut, -tu /a/ 1. devoted to, very attached to. 2. dependent upon. 3. attached to, connected to.
mercan 1. zool. coral, Cor allium. 2. coral, made of coral. — kayalığı/resifi coral reef. — terliği (flat, open-heeled) house slipper, ba-bouche, baboosh. mercanada (./..) atoll, coral island, mercanagaci, -ni (./...) bot. coral tree, Erythrina.
mercanbalığı, -m (./...) zool. red sea bream, Pagellus erythrinus. mercanköşk, -kü (./.) bot. sweet marjoram, Major ana hortensis. mercanlar zool. Alcyonacea. mercanotu, -nu (./..) bot. pearlwort, pearlweed, Sagina.
mercanyilani, -ni (./...) zool. coral snake, Micrurus corallinus. mercek lens, merceksi lenticular.
merci, -ii (.—) place to which or person to whom an official matter can be referred; person authorized to deal with official appeals.
mercimek bot. lentil, Lens culinaris. — i fırına vermek colloq. (for two people not married to each other) to begin to have sexual intercourse with each other secretly ; to be having a secret love affair. — gibi colloq. 1. irresolute, inconsistent (person). 2. tiny and round.
    —     kadar colloq. tiny and round, merdane (.—.) 1. mech. roller, cylinder. 2. rolling pin. 3. (laundry) wringer; mangle. 4. road roller. 5. farming bar roller; disc harrow. 6. lawn roller. 7. paint roller.
merdiven 1. (a flight of) steps; stairs, staircase.
    2. ladder. — ayak ayak çıkılır. (Merdiven basamak basamak çıkılır.) proverb You climb the ladder of success rung by rung.
    —  dayamak /a/ colloq. (for s.o.) to be nearing (a certain age or stage in life). — kovası stairwell. — sahanlığı landing (on a staircase).
merdivenli (building) which has stairs, merdümgiriz unsociable, antisocial, meret, -ti vulg. 1. damn (person/thing). 2. the damn thing. 3. the bastard, merhaba (/..) Hello !/Hi! —yı kesmek /la/ colloq. to stop speaking to (s.o.), break off completely with (s.o.). —sı olmak /la/ colloq. to be on speaking terms with (s.o.), know (s.o.) casually.
merhabalaşma (/....) saying hello to one another.
merhabalaşmak (/....) to say hello to one another.
merhale stage, phase. — merhale by stages, gradually.
merhamet, -ti mercy, compassion, pity. — etmek /a/ to have mercy on; to feel compassion for. — e gelmek to feel merciful; to feel compassionate, —ten maraz doğar. (Merhametten maraz hâsıl olur.) proverb A person may suffer for being kind, merhameten (./..) /a/ out of pity (for).
merhametli
 602
mesame
merhametli merciful; compassionate, merhametsiz merciless, pitiless, merhametsizlik mercilessness, pitilessness, merhem ointment, salve, merhum (used only of Muslims) 1. the late, the departed, the deceased (person): Rahmi Bey merhum the late Rahmi Bey. 2. the deceased, the dead man. — olmak to pass away, die.
merhume (.—.) (used only of Muslim women)
   1.    the late, the departed, the deceased (woman). 2. the deceased, the dead woman, mer’i (.—) obs. observed, in force, valid, meridyen meridian. — dairesi/çemberi astr. meridian circle. — düzlemi astr. meridian plane.
Merih (.'.) astr. Mars.
Merihli (/..) 1. (a) Martian. 2. Martian, merinos (./.) 1. (a) Merino sheep. 2. Merino, of the Merino breed. 3. merino wool, mer’iyet, -ti obs. validity. — e girmek to come into force, merkep donkey.
merkepçi donkey driver; person who rents out donkeys.
merkez 1. center. 2. headquarters, main office (of a firm). 3. governmental administrative center (for a region). 4. police station. — açı geom. central angle. (...) — de olmak to run along (certain) lines, be of (a certain) nature: Fikirlerim bu merkezdedir. My thoughts run along these lines.
Merkez Bankası, -m the Central Bank (the government-owned bank that issues and regulates Turkish currency), merkezci 1. (a) centralist. 2. centralist, cen-tralistic.
merkezcil phys. centripetal. — güç/kuvvet centripetal force, merkezcilik centralism, merkezi (..—) central, pertaining to or situated near a center, merkezileşme (..— ..) becoming a center (of trade/transport), merkezileşmek (..— ..) to become a center (of trade/transport), merkeziyet, -ti centralism, merkeziyetçi 1. (a) centralist. 2. centralist, cen-tralistic. merkeziyetçilik centralism, merkezkaç, -çı phys. centrifugal. — güç/kuwet centrifugal force, merkezleme l\l mech. centering, merkezlemek /i/ mech. to center, merkezlenme 1. being centered. 2. being centralized.
merkezlenmek 1. to be centered. 2. to be centralized.
                                                            Merkür (/.) astr. Mercury, merlanos zool. whiting, Merlangus merlangus. merlengeç bot. 1. terebinth tree, Pistacia tere-binthus. 2. nettle tree, honeyberry, Celtis australis; hackberry tree, hackberry, Celtis
   occidentalis. merlengiç bot., see merlengeç. mermer marble. — iyi taştan, iyilik iki baştan. proverb If two people wish to establish a good relationship, both of them must work to create it. — kireci lime (made from marble). — ocağı marble quarry. — taklidi scagliola; marbling. — tülbendi a gauzelike muslin, book muslin, mermerci 1. marble quarrier/cutter. 2. maker of marble tombstones. 3. seller of marble.
mermerşahi (..-------) a gauzelike muslin, book
   muslin.
mermi 1. missile, projectile (fired from a weapon). 2. bullet: Kaç mermi kullandın? How many bullets have you used? — yolu trajectory (of a missile), merserize 1. mercerized cotton thread. 2. made of mercerized cotton. — etmek/yapmak /i/ to mercerize, merserizeleme mercerization, mercerizing, merserizelemek /i/ to mercerize, mersi Thank you ./Thanks, mersin 1. bot. myrtle, Myrtus communis. 2.
   zool., see mersinbalığı. mersinbalığı, -m (./...) zool. 1. sturgeon, Aci-penser sturio. 2. sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus. mersinbalığıgiller (./.....) zool. Acipenseridae. mersingiller bot. Myrtaceae. mersinmorinasi, -ni (./....) zool. beluga, Acipenser huso. mersiye elegy.
mert 1. brave, manly. 2. trustworthy, dependable, reliable, mertçe (/.) 1. bravely, courageously. 2. honestly, responsibly, mertebe 1. degree; step, stage. 2. rank, position, mertek 1. rafter (of a roof). 2. (wooden) beam, mertlik 1. bravery, manliness. 2. honesty. Meryem Ana the Virgin Mary. —■ fırtınası a storm occurring about the middle of October.
meryemanaasmasi, -m (./.........) bot. virgin’s
   -bower, clematis, Clematis virginiana. meryemanaeldiveni, -ni (./.......) bot. Canter-
   bury bell, Campanula medium. meryempelesengi, -ni (./....) 1. bot. Santa Maria tree, calaba, Calophyllum. calaba. 2. balsam (from the calaba). merzengûş (..—) bot., see mercanköşk, mesafe (.—.) distance, space, interval, mesaha (.—.) obs. 1. surveying, measuring (land). 2. area (the quantitative measure of a piece of land). — bilimi/ilmi surveying. — memuru land surveyor, surveyor (government official), mesai (.—.) efforts, work, —ye kalmak colloq., see mesai yapmak. — saatleri working hours. — yapmak colloq. to work overtime (at an increased pay rate), mesaj message. — bırakmak to leave a message.
mesamat, -ti (.—.) obs., biol. stomata, pores, mesame (.—.) obs., biol. stoma, pore.
mesameli
603
meşk
mesameli             porous, poriferous, stomatous,
    stomatal.
mesane (.—.) anat. (urinary) bladder, mescit small mosque, masjid (not used for the Friday noon prayers). — e gerek olan meyhaneye haramdır, proverb 1. One man’s meat is another man’s poison. 2. What’s right in one setting is completely wrong in another. —in mumunu yiyen kedinin gözü kör olur, proverb, see Camiin/Caminin mumunu yiyen kedinin gözü kör olur. — yapılmadan dilenciler/körler dizildi (kapıyı aldı), colloq., see İmaret yapılmadan dilenciler/körler dizildi (kapıyı aldı), mesel proverb, saying; parable. M—ler Kitabı the Book of Proverbs (in the Old Testament of the Bible), mesela (/.—) for example, for instance, mesele problem, question, matter; issue, point under consideration. — çıkarmak colloq. to create a difficulty; to make things difficult, make trouble; to bring up a sore point; to raise a thorny question. — yapmak hi colloq. to make (s.t. insignificant) into a big issue.
meshetmek (/..) hi 1. Islam to wipe (one’s head) with the wet palm of one’s hand (while performing the ritual ablutions). 2. to anoint (s.o.) with oil.
Mesih the Messiah, Christ, mesire (.—.) used in: — yeri recreation spot, picnic spot, excursion spot, mesirelik (.— ..) see mesire yeri, mesken 1. dwelling, house, residence. 2. law domicile, legal residence. — masuniyeti law domiciliar inviolability. — tutmak hi to settle in; to dwell in. meskûn (.—) inhabited (place); /la/ (place) inhabited by. — kılmak hi to populate (an uninhabited place), meslek 1. (a learned) profession. 2. trade, craft.
    3.    occupation, line of work, vocation. 4. phil. system. 5. doctrine. 6. trend, movement. 7. school (of thought), ecole. — hastalığı occupational disease. — kuruluşu professional association. — okulu vocational school, trade school. — sahibi 1. professional man/ woman; person who knows a trade. 2. professional (person); (person) who knows a trade, —ten yetişme (s.o.) who’s learned his/ her occupation by doing it (rather than learning it through academic training), mesleki (..—) 1. professional (pertaining to a learned profession). 2. trade, pertaining to a trade. 3. occupational, vocational. — istidat testi vocational aptitude test, mesleksiz (s.o.) who has no profession/trade, mesleksizlik being without a profession/a trade, meslektaş professional colleague; co-worker, associate, mesmercilik mesmerism, hypnotism, mesnet 1. support, prop; mainstay. 2. obs. office, position.
mesnevi (..—) classical Ott. poet, poem made up of rhymed couplets, each couplet being of a different rhyme, meson phys., see mezon.
’mest, -ti very delighted, enchanted, captivated.
    —   olmak to be enchanted, be in the seventh heaven.
2mest, -ti a light, thin-soled boot (worn indoors or inside shoes), mestçi maker/seller of 2mest. mesul, -lü /dan/ responsible (for), held accountable (for). — tutmak /ı, dan/ to hold (s.o.) responsible (for), mesuliyet, -ti (.—..) responsibility. — kabul etmemek to decline responsibility. — sigortası liability insurance, mesuliyetli (.—...) (s.t.) which entails a big responsibility, mesut happy.
meşakkat, -ti hardship, trouble, difficulty. — çekmek to suffer hardship, endure trouble/ difficulties, meşakkatli difficult, hard, arduous, meşale torch, flambeau; cresset. — çekmek /a/ colloq. to lead, be the leader for. meşe 1. bot. oak, Ouercus. 2. oak, oaken, made of oak. — odunu 1. pieces of oak, oak (used as firewood). 2. colloq. blockhead, oaf, dolt, woodenhead. meşebüken slang strong, powerful, brawny, meşecik bot. germander, Teucrium. meşelik oak forest; oak grove, meşgale something that keeps one busy, activity, occupation; concern, meşgul, -lü 1. /la/ busy (with); preoccupied (with); concerned (with). 2. busy, engaged (telephone line); (place) which is occupied or in use. — etmek hi 1. to take up (s.o.’s) time, prevent (s.o.) from going about his/her business. 2. to engage (s.o.’s) attention, occupy. 3. to distract (s.o.). — olmak 1. to be busy. 2. /la/ to be busy (with); to be preoccupied (with); to be concerned (with), meşguliyet, -ti (.— ..) 1. activity, occupation; concern. 2. being busy. — le tedavi occupational therapy, meşhur 1. famous, famed, renowned; well -known. 2. famous person. — olmak to become famous, meşhut (.—) obs. witnessed, (s.t.) which takes place in the presence of a witness or witnesses.
meşihat, -ti (.—.) 1. Ott. hist, the office held by the Sheikh ul Islam. 2. the office held by the sheikh of a dervish group, meşime (.—.) obs., anat. placenta, meşin (tanned) leather. — gibi colloq. tanned and leathery (skin). — suratlı colloq. brash and unprincipled (person), meşk, -ki 1. practice, practicing (music, drawing, singing, writing alphabetic characters). 2. piece of calligraphy (which a student uses as his/her model). — etmek hi to practice.
meşrep
 604
metruk
    —      hocası calligraphy teacher, meşrep disposition, temperament, meşru, -uu (.—) lawful, legal; legitimate, meşrubat, -tı beverages, meşruta (.—.) obs. 1. (a) property left in mortmain. 2. house reserved for someone who holds a particular job in a mosque or mosque complex.
meşruten (.— '.) conditionally. — tahliye law release on probation, probationary release, meşruti (.— —) constitutional, limited (monarchy). — hükümet government by constitutional monarchy. — krallık constitutional monarchy.
meşrutiyet, -ti (.— ..) constitutional monarchy, meşum inauspicious, ill-starred; baleful, ominous.
meşveret, -ti obs. 1. consultation, conferring.
    2.     conference, council, met, -ddi the coming in (of the tide); flood tide, high tide, meta, -ai (.—) merchandise, goods, metabolik biol. metabolic, metabolizma (.../.) biol. metabolism, metafizik 1. metaphysics. 2. metaphysical, metafizikçi metaphysician, metal, -li 1. metal. 2. print, type metal, metalbilim (./..) metallurgy, metalbilimsel (./...) metallurgic, metallurgical, metalik metallic.
metalograf metallographer, metallographist. metalografi metallography, metaloit chem., see metalsi, metalsi chem. (a) metalloid, metalürji metallurgy, metalurjik metallurgic, metallurgical, metalürji see metalürji, metalürjik see metalurjik. metamorfîk geol. metamorphic. metamorfizm geol. metamorphism, metamorfoz metamorphosis, metan chem. methane.
metanet, -ti (.—.) fortitude, firmness of character, backbone, metanetli (.—..) (person) who has strength of character, who has backbone, metanetsiz (.—..) weak, spineless, (person) who lacks backbone, metanetsizlik (.—...) weakness, spinelessness, lack of firmness, metapsişik 1. psychics, the study of psychic phenomena. 2. psychic, metapsychical. metastaz path, metastasis, metazori (../.) slang by force, by using strong -arm tactics, metelik 1. formerly a coin worth 10 paras. 2. colloq. tiny amount of money, a penny, a red cent. — etmez, colloq. 1. It’s just a worthless piece of junk. 2. He’s/She’s not even worth shooting. —e kurşun atmak colloq. to be penniless, be flat broke. — vermemek /a/ colloq. to regard (s.o./s.t.) as not worth a damn; not to give a fig about, not to give a
    damn about, meteliksiz colloq. penniless, flat broke, meteliksizlik colloq. pennilessness, being flat broke.
meteor 1. atmospheric phenomenon, meteor. 2.
    astr. meteor, shooting star, meteorit, -ti astr. meteorite, meteorolog meteorologist, meteoroloji meteorology. — uzmanı meteorologist.
meteorolojik meteorological, meteortaşı, -ni astr. meteorite, metfen obs. grave, burial place, metfun obs. buried, meth praise; praising.
methal, -li obs. 1. entrance. 2. introduction (to a book). — i olmak /da/ to be involved in, have a hand in. methaldar /a/ obs. involved in, participating in. — olmak /a/ to be involved in, have a hand in.
methedilme (/...) being praised, methedilmek (/...) to be praised, methetme (/..) hi praising, praise, methetmek (/..) hi to praise, methiye laudatory poem, panegyric, metil chem. methyl. — alkol methyl alcohol, metilen chem. methylene, metilik chem. methylic.
'metin, -tni text.
foetin (.—) 1. strong in character; (person) who has backbone. 2. obs. solid, strong, durable, metis biol. (a) hybrid.
metizmenos slang high (on a drug, usually hashish), metodoloji methodology, metodolojik methodological, metot method.
metotlu done methodically, methodical, systematic.
metotsuz not done methodically, unmethodical, methodless, unsystematic, systemless. metraj cin. footage, length (of film), metrdotel, -li headwaiter, maître d’hotel. metrdotellik the work of a headwaiter; the position of headwaiter. metre (/.) 1. meter, Brit, metre. 2. meterstick.
    —  kare square meter. — küp cubic meter.
    —  sistemi the metric system.
metres mistress (a kept woman). — tutmak to keep a mistress, metrik metric, metrical. — sistem the metric system.
metris mil. breastwork, earthwork, metro (/.) subway, Brit, underground (train), metronom metronome.
metropol, -lü metropolis (the chief city of a country/a region), metropolit, -ti Christ, (a) metropolitan, metropoliten 1. metropolitan, pertaining to or characteristic of a metropolis. 2. subway, Brit, underground (train), metruk, -kü 1. abandoned, deserted; (place) no
metrukât
605
meydan
    longer in use. 2. (s.t.) which is part of a deceased person’s estate, metrukât, -ti (.— —) obs. estate/effects of a deceased person, mevcudat, -ti (.—.) obs. the assets (of a firm), mevcudiyet, -ti (.—..) 1. existence, being. 2. presence.
mevcut 1. existing; extant; present. 2. those present, the number present; mil. the strength (of a unit), the number of personnel (on a unit’s muster roll). 3. the amount (of s.t.) on hand; supply; stock. — olmak 1. to exist, be. 2. to be present, mevduat, -ti (bank) deposits. — faiz oranı interest rate on deposits. — hesabı deposit account. — sertifikası certificate of deposit, mevki, -ii (.—) 1. place, location. 2. position, rank. 3. class (of accommodation on a train/ a ship/an airplane). 4. position, situation; circumstances, mevkuf obs. arrested, under arrest.
Mevla (.—) God.
mevla (.—) obs. master; protector, patron.
    —smı bulmak colloq. to get what one wants. Mevlana (.— —) 1. the mystic poet Mevlana Jalal-ud-Din Rumi. 2. formerly, title used when addressing certain great Muslim religious figures.
mevlana (.-------) colloq. old chap, old boy, old
   man (form of address used between friends). Mevlevi (..—) 1. (a) Mevlevi (a dervish who follows the teachings of Jalal-ud-Din Rumi), whirling dervish, dancing dervish. 2. Mevlevi. — ayini the Mevlevi ceremony during which a whirling dance is performed.
Mevlevihane (..--------.) lodge used by Mevlevi
    dervishes.
Mevlevilik (..—.) 1. Mevlevi teachings and practices. 2. being a Mevlevi. 3. the Mevlevi order of dervishes.
Mevlit poem by Süleyman Çelebi celebrating the birth of the Prophet Muhammad, mevlit Islam 1. the night of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad (the twelfth night of Rabi I). 2. a chanting of the Mevlit (either in memory of a dead person or to mark a special religious occasion). — kandili the religious celebration held on the evening of the Prophet Muhammad’s birth. — okumak to chant the Mevlit. — şekeri hard candy distributed in paper cones to those attending a chanting of the Mevlit, mevlithan chanter of the Mevlit.
Mevlut see Mevlit, mevlut Islam, see mevlit, mevsim season. — li mevsimsiz konuşmak colloq. to say things at the wrong time, speak out of turn, be inclined to put one’s foot in one’s mouth, mevsimlik 1. (garment) suitable for spring/ autumn wear. 2. seasonal. 3. (building) used for a season. 4. (rented) for the whole of a season.
mevsimsiz 1. untimely, ill-timed; premature. 2.
    at the wrong time; prematurely, too early, mevt, -ti obs. dying, death, mevta (.—) obs. corpse, body, mevzi, -ii (.—) mil. position; emplacement. — almak mil. to take up a position, mevzii (..—) localized, limited in extent; scattered (showers, snow flurries), mevzilenme (.—..) (a military unit’s) taking up a position; (a weapon’s) being emplaced. mevzilenmek (.—..) (for a military unit) to take up a position; (for a weapon) to be emplaced. mevzu, -uu (.—) 1. subject, topic. 2. (s.t.) which has been laid down or adopted, —a girmek to come to or embark upon the real topic of discussion. — hukuk positive law (as opposed to natural law). mevzuat, -tı 1. the laws (governing a country), the laws of the land. 2. obs. containers (for merchandise), mevzubahis, -hsi (.— ..) see mevzuubahis. mevzun 1. shapely, well-proportioned; graceful.
    2. obs. metrically correct (verse). 3. obs. metrical (verse); rhythmical (prose).
mevzuubahis, -hsi (.—...) the topic of conversation; the subject under discussion; the issue.
’mey wine.
2mey a small oboe (used in Eastern Anatolia), ’meyan bot., see meyankökü.
2meyan 1. the space between; interval. 2. the middle, the center. — ımızda between us. bu —da While ..., among other things ...: Onunla görüştüm, bu meyanda istifa edeceğimi söyledim. While talking with him I said, among other things, that I was going to resign.
meyanbali, -m (./..) 1. licorice extract. 2. licorice stick, licorice, meyancı 1. go-between, intermediary, mediator; middleman. 2. slang morphine addict, mor-phinomaniac. meyane (.—.) 1. a sauce made with butter and flour. 2. the proper degree of thickness (for halvah and similar foods). 3. obs. the space between; interval. 4. obs. the middle, the center. —si gelmek (for a food) to reach the right degree of thickness (while being cooked).
meyankökü, -nü (./..) bot. licorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra.
meydan 1. (a) wide, flat, open, outside area; open space; (public) square. 2. arena; ring.
    3. (landing) field. 4. Sufism the universe. 5. section of a Bektashi/Mevlevi lodge in which the dervishes perform the religious ceremonies. 6. colloq. opportunity, occasion; possibility. —da colloq. 1. obvious, evident, clear.
    2. in sight, within view, around. — almak obs. to spread, increase, advance. — aramak colloq. to look for an opportunity, —a atılmak colloq. 1. to be brought up, be suggested, be broached. 2. to leap into action, —a
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   atmak /ı/ colloq. to suggest, bring up, broach. — baklası obs., slang woman who behaves in too free-and-easy a manner (in the presence of men). — bırakmak /a/ colloq. 1. to give (s.o.) a chance (to do s.t.): Konuşmama meydan bırakmadı. He didn’t give me a chance to speak. 2. to allow (s.t. to happen): O toplantının yapılmasına meydan bırakmayacağız. We won’t let that meeting take place, —da bırakmak /ı/ colloq. 1. to leave (s.o.) homeless or without shelter. 2. to leave (s.t.) out in the open, leave (s.t.) out where anybody can see it. —ı boş bulmak colloq. to seize an opportunity to do something (when there is no one or nothing to prevent one’s doing it). — bulamamak /a/ colloq. not to get a chance (to do s.t.). — bulmak colloq. to find an opportunity. —a çıkarmak /ı/ 1. to bring (s.t.) to light; to expose (s.t.) to view. 2. to present (s.t.) to the public; to make (s.t.) public, reveal. 3. to bring (a child) to the point where he/she can look after his/her simplest needs.
   —a çıkmak 1. to be revealed, come to light; to become evident. 2. (for s.o.) to be seen (in public); to get around and about. 3. (for a child) to reach an age at which he/she can look after his/her simplest needs. — dayağı a public beating (given as an official punishment). — dayağı çekmek /a/ to give (an of-. fender) a beating, —a dökmek /ı/ colloq. to make (s.t.) public, reveal, —a düşmek colloq. 1. to mix with the crowd, go out in public. 2. to volunteer one’s services. 3. to become a prostitute, —a gelmek to come into existence, become a reality; to happen, occur.
   —a getirmek h/ 1. to bring forth, produce, do. 2. to be the cause of (s.t.). —da kalmak colloq. to be left jobless/homeless, be in a bad way, Brit, be in Queer Street. — korkusu psych, agoraphobia, —a koymak Jıl 1. to produce, create. 2. to set forth, present. 3. to reveal. — muharebesi mil., see meydan savaşı. — okumak /a/ colloq. to challenge, defy. — savaşı mil. major battle, decisive battle, —a sürmek /ı/ colloq. to incite, provoke. — süpürgesi 1. a big, long-handled broom. 2. slang streetwalker, prostitute. — vermek /a/ 1. to give (s.o.) a chance (to do s.t.): Onların kaçmasına meydan verme!
   Don’t give them a chance to run away! 2. to allow (s.t. to happen): O binanın yıktırılmasına meydan vermemeliyiz. We ought not to allow that building to be tom down, —a vurmak /ı/ colloq. to reveal (s.t.) clearly, meydancı 1. sweeper (a cleaner who keeps a courtyard/a garden swept clean). 2. prisoner who does various menial tasks for his fellow prisoners for a recompense. 3. dervish who sees to the cleaning and the cooking in a Bektashi/Mevlevi lodge, meydanlık (a) wide, flat, open, outside area; open space,-the open.
                                                                                                meyveli
                                                            meydansazi, -m (./..) the largest of the plucked string instruments used in Turkish folk music, meyhane (.—.) (bar-like) restaurant, cafe, Brit.
   public house, pub; dive, joint, honky-tonk, meyhaneci (.—..) barkeeper, barkeep, Brit. publican, —den şahit istemişler/sormuşlar bozacıyı/mezeciyi göstermiş, proverb (When they asked the barkeeper who could stand as his witness, he pointed to the boza seller.) A scoundrel will attempt to defend himself by calling in a witness who’s almost as disreputable as he is. —nin yüzünü bayram topu güldürür, proverb 1. A barkeeper is delighted to see Ramazan end, as it means that his business will get back to normal. 2. Anyone who’s suffered because of a prohibition is delighted when it is lifted, meyhanecilik (.— ...) barkeeping, Brit, running a pub.
meyhaneciotu, -nu (.—./..) bot. asarabacca, Asarum europaeum. meyil, -yli 1. slope, incline, slant. 2. tendency, inclination, propensity; bent. 3. colloq. predilection, penchant; fondness, liking. — vermek /a/ 1. to give (s.t.) a slope/a slant. 2. colloq. to fall in love with, give one’s heart to.
meyilli /a/ 1. slanting, sloping (towards); leaning (towards). 2. (person) who has a tendency to or a bent for. 3. colloq. (person) who has an affection for, who is fond of. meyletmek (/..) /a/1. to slant, slope (towards); to lean (towards). 2. to be inclined to; to have a bent for. 3. colloq. to have a predilection for; to be fond of. meymenet, -ti 1. pleasant nature; good character: Suratında meymenet yok. I don’t like the look of him. 2. good fortune, meymenetsiz 1. disagreeable/untrustworthy (person). 2. unlucky, meyus obs. despairing; despondent; dejected, meyva see meyve.
                                                           meyve 1. fruit. 2. fruit, product; return, profit.
   —   ağacı fruit tree. — bahçesi orchard, grove (of fruit trees). — salatası fruit salad. — suyu fruit juice. — şekeri chem. fructose, fruit sugar; levulose. — vermek to fruit, bear fruit, produce fruit.
meyveci 1. fruit grower, fruiter. 2. fruit seller, Brit, fruiterer, meyvecil carpophagous, fruit-eating, meyvecilik 1. fruit growing. 2. fruit selling, meyvedışı, -m (./..) bot. epicarp, exocarp, fruit skin.
                                                           meyvehoş obs. 1. dried fruit/nut. 2. market where dried fruits/nuts are sold, meyveiçi, -ni (./..) bot. endocarp. meyveli 1. (plant) which has fruit on it, fruit -laden, fruited. 2. (s.t.) which is made from fruit, fruit; (s.t.) which has fruit in it, fruited.
   —   ağacı taşlarlar, proverb (People throw stones at a tree that has fruit on it.) Cultured, talented people are often the object of jealous
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    criticism.
meyvelik 1. orchard, grove (of fruit trees). 2. fruit bowl.
meyvemsi (s.t.) which looks like a fruit; fruc-tiform.
meyveortasi, -m (./...) fruit pulp, meyvesineği, -ni (./...) zool. fruit fly, Drosophila.
meyvesiz 1. (plant) which has no fruit on it, fruitless. 2. (plant) which won’t bear fruit, unfruitful; sterile, meyveyaprak (./..) bot. calyx, meyyal, -li /a/ obs. 1. very fond of. 2. very inclined to; very predisposed to. mezalim (.—.) obs. atrocities, outrages; cruel deeds; injustices, mezar grave; tomb; mausoleum, —dan çıkarmak !\! colloq. to save (s.o.’s) life, save (s.o.) from certain death. — kaçkını colloq. person who looks like he’s/she’s at death’s door. — kitabesi epitaph (on a tombstone). — taşı tombstone, gravestone. — taşı ile övünülmez. proverb You should do glorious things yourself, instead of merely basking in the reflected glory of your ancestors, mezarcı gravedigger; cemetery caretaker, mezarcılık the work of a gravedigger or a cemetery caretaker, mezarlık graveyard, cemetery, mezat auction, —a çıkarmak hi to put (s.t.) up for auction. — malı colloq. a cheap, ordinary piece of merchandise; cheap, ordinary merchandise, mezatçı auctioneer.
mezbaha slaughterhouse. — ya dönmek colloq.
    (for a place) to become a scene of carnage, become a shambles, mezbele 1. filthy and messy place, dump, pigpen, pigsty, Brit. tip. 2. refuse heap; garbage dump, Brit. tip. mezbelelik colloq., see mezbele, meze (/.) a savory food (eaten while drinking s.t. alcoholic), appetizer, hors d’oeuvre. mezeci (/..) 1. maker/seller of meze. 2. delicatessen (a store), mezelik (/..) 1. (a food) that can be served as a meze; (an ingredient) from which a meze can be made. 2. something that can be served as a meze.
                                                             mezgit, -ti zool. whiting, Merlangus merlangus. mezgitgiller zool. Gadidae. mezhep 1. religious sect/denomination. 2. school of thought. 3. madhab, one of the schools of Islamic law. —i geniş colloq. excessively tolerant, free and easy (in his/her sexual mores).
   —i meşrebine uymamak colloq. for one’s actions not to be in accord with one’s stated beliefs, to say one thing and do another, —ine sığmamak colloq. (for s.t.) to be completely against one’s principles; to be completely foreign to one’s understanding, mezit, -ti zool., see mezgit, meziyet, -ti merit, virtue, outstanding quality.
                                                                                                       mıhsıçtı
meziyetli exceptional, superior, outstanding, meziyetsiz unexceptional, unremarkable, not outstanding, mezkûr (.—) obs. the aforementioned (person/ thing).
                                                                mezmur psalm (in the Book of Psalms). — kitabı psalter (book comprised of the Psalms). Mezmurlar the Psalms (in the Old Testament).
    —     Kitabı the Book of Psalms (in the Old Testament), mezoderm biol. mesoderm, mezokarp, -pi bot. mesocarp. mezon phys. meson.
Mezopotamya (.../.) 1. Mesopotamia. 2. Mesopotamian, of Mesopotamia, mezosfer mesosphere.
mezozoik (../.) geol. 1. the Mesozoic era or system of rocks, the Mesozoic. 2. Mesozoic, of the Mesozoic, mezra, -ai 1. field (under or ready for cultivation). 2. hamlet, mezraa see mezra.
                                                                mezun (—.) 1. (a) graduate. 2. /dan/ graduated from (an educational institution). 3. /a/ obs. authorized to (do s.t.). — olmak /dan/ to graduate (from an educational institution), mezuniyet, -ti (— —..) 1. graduation. 2. obs.
    authorization, permission, mezura (./.) tape measure, mezür see mezura.
mezzosoprano (/..—.) mus. mezzo-soprano. Mg chem. Mg (magnesium), mıcır 1. small bits of coal/charcoal. 2. fine gravel (which is mixed with asphalt to form paving). 3. slag, dross, scoria. 4. debris, trash, refuse, rubbish. 5. slang worthless (person), mıh 1. large nail. 2. horseshoe nail, mihladiz prov. magnet.
’mıhlama 1. hi nailing (s.t.). 2. hi setting, placing (a precious stone) in a setting. 3. hi rooting (s.o./s.t.) to the spot; freezing (s.o.) in his/her tracks. 4. hi slang stabbing, sticking a knife in (s.o.), skewering (s.o.). 5. slang a way of throwing dice.
2mihlama prov. a dish made of pastrami, onions, and eggs.
mıhlamak hi 1. to nail. 2. to set, place (a precious stone) in a setting. 3. to root (s.o./s.t.) to the spot; to freeze (s.o.) in his/her tracks.
    4.    slang to stab, stick a knife in (s.o.), skewer (s.o.). mıhlanma 1. being nailed. 2. freezing in one’s tracks; being rooted to the spot. 3. (of a precious stone) being set, being placed in a setting. 4. slang being stabbed, being skewered, mıhlanmak 1. to be nailed. 2. to freeze in one’s tracks; to be rooted to the spot. 3. (for a precious stone) to be set, be placed in a setting.
    4.    slang to be stabbed, be skewered, mıhlı 1. (s.t.) which contains a nail. 2. nailed.
    3. (a precious stone) which has been placed in a setting.
                                                                mıhsıçtı slang very stingy, as tight as they
mıknatıs
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   come, mıknatıs magnet, mıknatısi (...—) magnetic, mıknatısiyet, -ti magnetism, mıknatıslama /ı/ magnetizing, mıknatıslamak /ı/ to magnetize, mıknatıslanma being magnetized, mıknatıslanmak to be magnetized, mıknatıslı 1. (s.t.) containing a magnet. 2. magnetized. 3. colloq. magnetic, arresting, captivating. — iğne/ibre magnetic needle, mıncıklama /ı7 1. squashing (s.t.) to a pulp; making (s.t.) squishy. 2. pinching and squeezing; pinching; squeezing, mıncıklamak /ı/ 1. to squash (s.t.) to a pulp; to make (s.t.) squishy. 2. to pinch and squeeze; to pinch; to squeeze, mıncıklanma 1. being squashed to a pulp; being made squishy. 2. being pinched and squeezed; being pinched; being squeezed, mıncıklanmak 1. (for s.t.) to be squashed to a pulp; to be made squishy. 2. to be pinched and squeezed; to be pinched; to be squeezed, mmcık nuncik (./ ..) colloq. squashed to a pulp; wet and sticky. — etmek /ı/ 1. to squash (s.t.) to a pulp; to make (s.t.) squishy. 2. to pinch and squeeze; to pinch; to squeeze, mıntıka region, area, district; zone, mırıldama /ı/ muttering, mumbling, murmuring, mırıldamak N to mutter, mumble, murmur, mırıldanma 1. muttering to o.s., mumbling to
   o.s.; murmuring complainingly. 2. /i/ muttering, mumbling, murmuring, mırıldanmak 1. to mutter to o.s., mumble to
   o.s.; to murmur complainingly. 2. /i/ to mutter, mumble, murmur, mırıl mırıl (./ ..) with a mutter, in low, mumbling tones; in a grumbling murmur, mırıltı 1. mutter, mumble; murmur of complaint.
   2.     purring, purr, mırın kirm used in: — etmek colloq. to hem and haw and make some feeble objections, mırlama purring, mirlamak to purr.
'mirmir zool. worm eel, Echelus myrus. ^ırmır slang 1. passive male homosexual, fag.
   2.     tough, rowdy, hoodlum, hood, mır mır (/ .) with a mutter, in low, mumbling tones; in a grumbling murmur, mırmırık prov. boza which has begun to go sour, mırnav meow.
                                                             mısdak, -ki obs. criterion, standard, touchstone. Mısır (/.) 1. Egypt. 2. Egyptian, of Egypt, mısır 1. bot. corn, Brit, maize, Zea mays. 2. ear of corn; roasting ear. 3. (boiled) com on the cob; ^roasting ear. — buğdayı popcorn.
   —  ekmeği com bread; com pone. — gevreği cornflakes. — kalburu popcorn popper, corn popper. — koçanı corncob. — nişastası cornstarch. — patlatmak to pop corn. — püskülü corn tassel. — püskülü gibi colloq. thin and lifeless (hair). — unu cornmeal,
    meal, Brit. Indian meal, —a, “Yağmur geliyor,” demişler; “Çapan birlik mi?” demiş.
   proverb If the com hasn’t been hoed, the rain won’t do it much good, mısırbiti, -ni (./..) zool. corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis.
mısırcı 1. seller of (boiled/roasted) corn on the cob. 2. seller of corn, mısırfulü, -nü (/...) 1. bot. the sacred lotus, Egyptian lotus, Nelumbo nucifera. 2. Egyptian bean (the seed of Nelumbo nucifera). Mısırlı (/..) 1. (an) Egyptian. 2. Egyptian (person).
mısırlık region abounding in cornfields, corn -growing region, mısırözü, -nü (./..) the germ of the corn kernel.
   —      yağı corn oil. mısırtavuğu, -nu (/....) zool. turkey, Meleagris gallopavo.
mısırturnası, -m (/....) zool. sacred ibis, Thres-kiornis aethiopica. mısır yağı, -nı (./..) corn oil. mıskal, -li mus. panpipe, syrinx. — kamışı gibi colloq. (things placed) in a close array, very close together, mıskala formerly burnisher (tool), mısra, -ai (.—■) a line of poetry, verse, mışıl mışıl (./ ..) colloq. (sleeping) soundly. — uyumak to sleep soundly, mışmış prov. apricot; wild apricot, mıymıntı colloq. exasperatingly slow and fussy, mıymıntılık colloq. being exasperatingly slow and fussy.
mızıka (./.) mus. 1. brass band. 2. harmonica, mouth organ, mızıkacı (./..) mus. harmonica player, mızıkçı colloq. (s.o.) who wants to quit as soon as things start going against him/her, (s.o.) who won’t play the game; (s.o.) who is a spoilsport.
mızıkçılık colloq. not playing the game; being a spoilsport. — etmek to quit as soon as things start going against one, not to play the game; to be a spoilsport, miziklanmak colloq. to quit as soon as things start going against one, not to play the game; to be a spoilsport, mızırdanma grumbling, complaining, mızırdanmak to grumble, complain, mızmız colloq. 1. fussy about trifles, fussbudg-ety, persnickety. 2. exasperatingly lazy, mızmızlanmak colloq. to make a fuss about trifles.
mızmızlık colloq. 1. fussing about trifles. 2. extreme laziness, mızrak 1. lance; spear. 2. sports javelin. — çuvala sığmaz/girmez, proverb (A lance won’t fit into a sack.) Some things can’t be kept secret.
mızraklı armed with a lance/a spear. — süvari lancer, mızrap plectrum, pick.
'mi 1. an enclitic particle used to make a state-
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    ment into a question asking for a yes-or-no answer: Gürel geldi mi? Has Gürel come? Gitsek mi? Ought we to go? 2. as soon as, when, whenever: Eve girdi mi onun odasına koşardı. He’d run to her room as soon as he’d entered the house. Köprüyü geçti mi geçti koşmaya başladı. The minute he’d got completely across the bridge, he began to run. Sokağın sonuna geldin mi sağında büyük bir bahçe göreceksin. When you’ve come to the end of the street you’ll see a big garden on your right. O kadın peydahlandı mı ben toz olurdum. Whenever that woman arrived on the scene I’d head for the hills. 3. if: O salak herif geldi mi sepetle gitsin! If that nitwit has come, get rid of him! Onu biraz pohpohladın mı istediğini koparırsın. If you butter him up a bit, you can get what you want out of him. 4. used as an intensifier: Kız güzel mi güzel! The girl’s a real knockout! Onun hakkından gelirim mi gelirim! You can bet your boots I’ll get even with him! 5. used with a negative verb to show emphasis: Bir de bana bağırmaz mı? And he would have to shout at me as well!
2mi mus. 1. E. 2. mi.
miat (.—) 1. wear life (of an object), the time during which an object is fit for use: Bu paltonun miadı üç yıldır. This coat is good for three years of wear. 2. a stated period of time (set forth in an agreement). 3. deadline; due date (for a payment); end (of a stated period). 4. the time when soldiers/students are issued new uniforms. — ı dolmak 1. (for a contract) to terminate, expire. 2. (for s.t.) to become worn out.
mibzer seeder, sower (tool for sowing seeds).
miço (/.) 1. naut. young deckhand; young hand (on a ship). 2. naut. cabin boy. 3. colloq. boy who works as a busboy or waiter in a bar.
mide (—.) stomach, belly. — ağzı anat. cardia, cardiac orifice, —si ağzına gelmek colloq.
    1. to feel like vomiting. 2. to be revolted by something. — ağzı kasıncı cardiospasm, —si almamak hi colloq. 1. to have no appetite for. 2. to be unable to eat (a food) (because one finds it revolting/indigestible). 3. colloq. to be revolted by, be unable to stand (s.t.). — yi ateşlemek slang to hit the booze, bend the elbow. — bağırsak yangısı path. gastroenteritis. — yi bastırmak colloq. (for a snack) to assuage one’s hunger pangs, —sini bozmak /m/ (for s.t.) to give (one) indigestion, upset (one’s) stomach. — bozukluğu indigestion, —si bozulmak to have indigestion. — bulandırıcı 1. revolting, nauseating. 2. colloq. (s.t.) which makes one smell a rat. —sini bulandırmak /m/ 1. to make (one) sick at one’s stomach, turn (one’s) stomach. 2. colloq. to make (s.o.) suspect that something has gone (or will go) wrong, —si bulanmak 1. to feel sick at
    one’s stomach, feel nauseated. 2. colloq. to be revolted by something. 3. colloq. to suspect that all is not well, smell a rat. — bulantısı nausea, —sine dokunmak Iml to give (one) indigestion, upset (one’s) stomach. — dolgunluğu feeling of overfullness (in the stomach). — düşüklüğü prolapse of the stomach, —si ekşimek to have heartburn. — ekşimesi heartburn, pyrosis. — ezikliği colloq. slight feeling of hunger. — fesadı colloq. indigestion. — fesadına uğramak colloq. to get indigestion, get an upset stomach. — genişlemesi path, tympanites, —si götürmemek 1\! colloq., see midesi kaldırmamak.
   —   iltihabı path, gastritis, —si kaldirma-mak/kabul etmemek h! colloq. 1. to be unable to eat (a food) (because one finds it revolting/indigestible). 2. to be revolted by, be unable to stand (s.t.). — kanaması gastric bleeding. — kapısı anat. pylorus. — kapısı açımı surg. pylorotomy. — kapısı kasıncı pylorospasm. — kapısı onarımı surg. pyloroplasty. —si kaynamak colloq. to have indigestion; to have heartburn, —si kazınmak colloq. to feel very hungry, be ravenous.
   —yi kurtarmak slang to assuage one’s hunger. — onarımı surg. gastroplasty, —ye oturmak colloq. (for food) to sit heavily on one’s stomach. — spazmı gastric spasm. — suyu gastric juice. — şişkinliği colloq. bloated feeling (in the stomach). — ülseri path. gastric ulcer. — yangısı path, gastritis, —si yanmak colloq. to have heartburn.
mideci (—..) colloq. 1. self-seeker, someone who looks out only for number one. 2. glutton (for food), midecilik (—...) colloq. 1. gluttony. 2. self-seeking, being a self-seeker, midesel (—..) gastral, gastric, midesiz (—..) colloq. 1. (person) who can eat virtually anything. 2. (person) who’s not revolted by anything, midevi (—.—) 1. gastral, gastric. 2. (s.t.) which is good for the stomach, midi (garment) which extends to the mid-calf, midi. — etek midi skirt, midilli (./.) pony (horse of small breed), midye (/.) zool. (sea) mussel, Mytilus edulis.
   —   çıkarmak slang to cogitate, chew something over. — dolması stuffed mussel (a food). — tavasi/tava deep-fried mussel.
midyeci (/..) 1. gatherer/seller of mussels. 2.
   seller of deep-fried mussels, migmatit, -ti geol. migmatite, injection gneiss, migren migraine.
migrosa vermek hi slang to put (s.o.) off (with empty promises), miğfer helmet.
mihaniki (.— .—) mechanical, automatic, mihenk, -gi 1. touchstone, test (for determining genuineness). 2. Lydian stone, lydite, touchstone.
mihmandar host/hostess (who looks after an
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    important foreign guest for the government or for a business), mihnet, -ti 1. trouble, tribulation, hardship; trying experience, ordeal. 2. great unhappiness, misery. 3. catastrophe, calamity. — çekmek to suffer, suffer hardship, —ini çekmek Iml to suffer, put up with (s.t./s.o. very unpleasant).
mihnetli 1. (s.o.) who has suffered (or is suffering) hardship. 2. very difficult, burdensome, trying, or onerous. 3. troubled, careworn.
mihrace (.—.) maharaja, maharajah, mihrak, -ki obs. 1. phys. focus. 2. focal point, center.
mihrap mihrab (niche in a mosque wall indicating the direction of Mecca), mihver obs. 1. axis. 2. pivot; axle; axletree. 3. central topic of conversation; the point at issue. M— Devletleri hist, the Axis Powers (during the Second World War), mika (/.) mica.
mikado (./.) 1. mikado. 2. jackstraws, spillikins (the game), mikâp obs.y geom. cube, mikaşist, -ti mica-schist, mica-slate.
Miken (/.) 1. Mycenae. 2. Mycenaean, of Mycenae.
miki see miki fare. — fare Mickey Mouse, mikleb tuck, tuck-in (of a book cover), mikoloji mycology, mikoz path, mycosis, mikro- micro-.
mikroamper (/...) elec. microampere, mikrobik microbic, microbial.
mikrobilgisayar (/......) microcomputer.
mikrobiyolog (/....) microbiologist.
mikrobiyoloji (/.....) microbiology.
mikrocerrahi (/..— —) microsurgery, mikroçip, -pi comp, microchip, mikrodalga (/...) microwave. — fırın microwave oven, microwave, mikrofilm microfilm, mikrofiş microfiche, mikrofon microphone, mikrofonik microphonic. mikroiktisat (/....) microeconomics, mikroişlemci (/....) comp, microprocessor, mikrokimya (/..—) microchemistry, mikroklima microclimate, mikrokok, -ku micrococcus, mikrokopya (/...) microcopy, mikrolit, -ti microlite; microcrystal, mikrometre (../.) micrometer, mikron micron.
Mikronezya (../.) 1. Micronesia. 2. Micro-nesian, of Micronesia.
Mikronezyali (../..) 1. (a) Micronesian. 2.
    Micronesian (person), mikroorganizma (/.....) microorganism, mikrop 1. germ, disease germ. 2. microorganism, microbe. 3. colloq. evil person, a bad lot, viper, perfidious worm.
mikroplanma 1. becoming contaminated with germs. 2. being invaded by microorganisms, mikroplanmak 1. to become contaminated with germs. 2. to be invaded by microorganisms, mikroplu 1. germy, contaminated. 2. invaded by microorganisms, mikropsuz 1. germless, germfree. 2. devoid of microorganisms, axenic. mikropsuzlandirma hi 1. disinfecting; decontaminating. 2. making (s.t.) free of microorganisms.
mikropsuzlandirmak hi 1. to disinfect; to decontaminate. 2. to make (s.t.) free of microorganisms.
mikropsuzlaştırma III see mikropsuzlandirma. mikropsuzlaştırmak 111 see mikropsuzlandir-mak.
mikrosaniye (/.— ..) microsecond, mikrosefal, -li (/...) 1. microcephalic, microcephalous (person). 2. (a) microcephalus, microcephalic person, mikrosefali (/....) microcephaly, mikrosinema (/....) cinephotomicrography, cinemicrography. mikroskobik microscopic, mikroskop, -pu microscope, mikser 1. (food) mixer. 2. (mortar) mixer, miktar 1. quantity, amount, number. 2. portion, part; group. 3. dosage (of medicine to be given).
mikyas obs. 1. scale (of a map/a model); proportion. 2. (any) measuring instrument/gauge.
   3. (any) unit for measuring length. 4. Ni-lometer.
1mil geol. silt.
2mi! 1. pivot; shaft; spindle; axle; axis. 2. pointed bar; crowbar. 3. probe, surgical sound. 4. bone/ivory stylus used to apply kohl to the eyelids. 5. peak (of a mountain/a hill), (gözlerine) — çekmek Iml to blind (s.o.) with a hot iron. — yatağı mech. bearing.
                                                           3mil 1. mile. 2. milestone (placed beside a road). 4mil a thousand, mille: Mil pardon! I’m sorry! miladi (— — —) pertaining to the Christian era, of the Christian era. — takvim the Gregorian calendar, milat (—.) the birth date of Christ, —tan önce B.C., before Christ, —tan sonra A.D., anno Domini.
mildiyu (/..) bot. grape mildew, Plasmopara viticola.
milföy napoleon, mille-feuille (a pastry), milibar millibar.
miligram milligram, Brit, milligramme, mililitre (../.) milliliter, Brit, millilitre, milim colloq. 1. millimeter, Brit, millimetre. 2.
    jot, tittle, iota, milimetre (../.) millimeter, Brit, millimetre, milimetrik millimetric.
                                                           milimikron (/...) millimicron, micromillimeter, milis militia, home reserve, territorial reserve, national guard. — kuvvetleri militia forces, militia. — ordusu an army composed largely
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    of reservists, militan 1. militant, activist. 2. (a) militant, (an) activist.
militanlık militancy, militance, activism, militarist, -ti 1. (a) militarist. 2. militarist, militaristic, militarizm militarism.
 millet, -ti 1. nation. 2. colloq. any specific group of people: kadın milleti womankind, berber milleti barbers (in general). 3. colloq. everybody present, all the people there: Millet heyecanlandı. Everybody got excited. 4. colloq. the people, the public. 5. hist, millet, the adherents of a particular religious creed/denom-ination/sect (within the Ottoman Empire): Yahudi milled the Jewish millet. M—ler Cemiyeti hist, the League of Nations. M— Meclisi pol. the Grand National Assembly (of Turkey), milletlerarası, -m (../...) international. M— Adalet Divanı the International Court of Justice. M— Posta Birliği the Universal Postal Union.
 milletvekili, -ni (./.—.) pol. 1. member of the Grand National Assembly (of Turkey). 2. deputy.
milletvekilliği, -ni (./....) pol. 1. being a member of the Grand National Assembly (of Turkey). 2. deputy ship, milli (.—) national. — bayram national holiday.
    —      dans a national (folk) dance. — egemenlik national sovereignty. M— Eğitim Bakam the Minister of Education. M— Eğitim Bakanlığı the Ministry of Education. M— Güvenlik Kurulu the National Security Council. — hakimiyet see milli egemenlik. M— İstihbarat Teşkilatı the National Intelligence Organization. — kıyafet national costume. — marş national anthem. M— Mücadele hist, the Turkish National Struggle for Independence (1919-1922). — park national park. M— Savunma Bakanı the Minister of Defense. M— Savunma Bakanlığı the Ministry of Defense, millileşme (.—..) becoming nationalistic in tone, millileşmek (.— ..) to become nationalistic in tone.
                                                                     millileştirme (.— ...) /ı/ 1. nationalizing, nationalization. 2. causing (s.t.) to become nationalistic in tone, millileştirmek (.—...) /ı/ 1. to nationalize. 2. to cause (s.t.) to become nationalistic in tone, milliyet, -ti nationality.
milliyetçi 1. nationalist, nationalistic. 2. (a) nationalist, milliyetçilik nationalism, milliyetperver patriotic, milliyetsiz bereft of national feeling, lacking in patriotism, unpatriotic, milyar billion, Brit, milliard, milyarder billionaire, milyarderlik being a billionaire, milyarlık of (so many) billion; measured in
    billions; worth billions, milyon million, milyoner millionaire, milyonerlik being a millionaire, milyonluk of (so many) million; measured in millions; worth millions, milyö milieu, environment.
Jmim name of the letter m (in the Arabic alphabet). — koymak /a/ colloq. to note, remark, make a mental note of.
2mim 1. mime, the art of mime. 2. mimer, mime, mimar (—.) architect.
mimari (— — —) 1. architecture. 2. architectural , architectonic. mimarlık (—..) 1. architecture. 2. being an architect, mimber see minber.
                                 mimik facial movement, facial expression. — bozukluğu med. paramimia, mimleme fif putting (s.o.) down as a troublemaker/a suspicious character, blacklisting, mimlemek hi to put (s.o.) down as a troublemaker/a suspicious character, blacklist, mimlenme being marked down as a troublemaker/a suspicious character, being blacklisted.
                                 mimlenmek to be marked down as a troublemaker/a suspicious character, be blacklisted, mimli marked down as a troublemaker/a suspicious character, blacklisted, mimoza (./.) bot. acacia, silver wattle, Brit.
    mimosa, Acacia dealbata. minakop, -pu zool. umbra, umbrine, Umbrina cirrhosa.
minare (.—.) minaret. — boyu (s.t.) as tall as a minaret (a height of about 20 or 30 meters).
    —yi çalan kılıfını hazırlar, proverb If you’re going to commit a big crime, you must plan it carefully in advance. — de doğru, ama içi eğri, proverb (A minaret also is straight on the outside but crooked on the inside.) All that glitters is not gold ./There are wolves that prowl around in sheep’s clothing.
    —      gibi colloq. very tall; very high. — gölgesi, davul tozu colloq. 1. things that aren’t worth a bean. 2. imaginary things, nonexistent things. — kırması colloq. lanky, very tall. — külahı spire of a minaret. — yi yaptırmayan yerden bitmiş sanır. (Minareyi yaptırmayan yerden bitti beller.) proverb (People who have never built minarets think that they just spring up overnight.) Those who have never produced anything great themselves do not realize how long it takes to create a great thing, minber minbar, mimbar (pulpit beside the mih-rab reached by a long, straight flight of steps).
minder 1. cushion (used for sitting); mat, mattress. 2. sports mat; wrestling mat. — altı etmek /ı/ colloq. 1. to conceal, hide, hush up. 2. to shelve (s.t.) deliberately, put (s.t.)
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    to one side deliberately. — çürütmek colloq.
    1. to sit on one’s duff doing nothing; to be a bench warmer. 2. (for a guest) to outstay one’s welcome, act as if one’s never going to leave. 3. to spend years working at a desk, be deskbound for years. — i sermek colloq. to outstay one’s welcome, act as if one’s going to stay forever.
                                mine (/.) 1. enamel. 2. enamel dial (of a clock/ a watch). 3. enamel (of a troth). 4. bot., see mineçiçeği. mineci (/..) enameler, enamelist. mineçiçeği, -ni (/....) bot. 1. vervain, Verbena officinalis. 2. (garden) verbena, Verbena.
mineçiçeğigiller (.'.....) bot. Verbenaceae.
mineleme hi enameling, minelemek hi to enamel, mineli (/..) enameled.
minelibalik (/....) zool. dragonet, Callionymus lyra.
mineral, -li 1. (a) mineral; inorganic substance.
    2. mineral; inorganic. — yağlar mineral oils.
    —  yün mineral wool.
mineralbilim (../..) mineralogy.
mineralleştirme hi mineralizing.
mineralleştirmek hi to mineralize.
mineralog mineralogist.
mineraloji mineralogy.
mini mini. — etek miniskirt, mini.
minibilgisayar (./....) minicomputer.
minibüs minibus, small bus.
minibüsçü 1. owner/operator of a minibus. 2.
    minibus driver, minibüsçülük 1. being an owner/an operator of a minibus. 2. being a minibus driver, minicik (/..) tiny, teeny, wee. minigöreç (./..) microscope, minik 1. tiny and adorable, very small and cute.
    2.    cute little thing/person; toddler, tot. minil micro-.
minimini (..'..) colloq. teensy-weensy, teeny -weeny, itsy-bitsy, itty-bitty, minimum (/..) minimum, mink, -ki 1. mink (the fur). 2. mink (garment made of mink). 3. zool. mink, Mustela vison. minkale obs., geom. protractor, minnacık (/—.) colloq. teeny-weeny, itty-bitty, minnet, -ti sense/feeling of indebtedness; gratitude. — altında kalmak to be obligated to someone for a kindness. — etmek /a/ colloq. to plead abjectly, grovel, minnettar /a/ grateful (to); indebted (to), minnettarlık gratitude; feeling indebted to someone, minnoş colloq. little darling, minör mus. minor.
mintan 1. a loosely-cut, collarless shirt. 2. prov. shirt.
mintoni slang sweetheart, minüskül minuscule.
minval, -li way, manner: bu minval üzere in
    this way, thus, thusly. minyatür 1. miniature painting, miniature. 2.
   miniature version, minyatürcü miniaturist, minyatürcülük the art of painting miniatures, minyon petite; small and pretty, mignon. mir (—) chief, leader, commander. M—im! Sir!/My dear fellow!, Brit. Governor! (a form of address). mira surveyor’s rod, leveling rod. miraç (—.) Islam the Prophet Muhammad’s ascent to heaven. — gecesi the night of the Prophet Muhammad’s miraculous journey to heaven (the 27th of Rajab). — kandili the annual celebration commemorating the miraç.
miralay formerly (full) colonel, miras (—.) inheritance, estate, bequest, legacy; heritage. — bırakmak /a/ to leave (s.o.) an inheritance; /i, a/ to bequeath (s.t.) to (s.o.).
   —   helal, hele (ele) al demişler, proverb According to Islamic law it’s lawful to obtain property via inheritance. The problem lies in finding someone who’ll leave you something! —tan ıskat law disinheritance. — kalmak /a/ for an inheritance to be left to (s.o.). —a konmak colloq. to inherit a fortune. — yemek colloq. 1. to receive a large inheritance. 2. to squander one’s inheritance.
mirasçı (—..) heir, inheritor, recipient, legatee, mirasyedi (—...) colloq. 1. (s.o.) who has inherited a fortune. 2. (s.o.) who squanders his/ her wealth; who spends money like water, mirasyedilik (—....) colloq. 1. coming into a fortune. 2. prodigality, reckless spending, miri (— —) obs. 1. stateowned, belonging to the state. 2. the state treasury. — mal state property. — malı balık kılçığıdır, yutulmaz. (Miri malı balık kılçığı gibi boğazda kalır). proverb Appropriating government property for oneself is a difficult, ticklish business; it’s rather like trying to swallow a fishbone, mirza hist, mirza (a title once used in Iran). ^s colloq. musk. — gibi colloq. 1. clean and sweet-smelling. 2. excellent, first-rate, crack-erjack, super. 3. very well, superbly, in crack-erjack fashion. — sabunu sweet-smelling soap.
                                                              2mis (used of foreign women) 1. Miss (used as a title or as a form of address). 2. miss, misafir (.—.) 1. guest, visitor. 2. obs. white spot (in the cornea), nebula; leucoma. — etmek hi to put (s.o.) up (as a guest in one’s home).
   —   evi small, village house built to accommodate travelers. — gibi oturmak colloq.
   1. to sit stiffly on the edge of one’s chair. 2. to act as if a place is only one’s temporary home. 3. (for s.o.) not to turn a hand, not to do any work. — kısmeti ile gelir, proverb (A guest brings his/her good fortune with him/her.) There is always a way to feed an unexpected guest. — konağı see misafir evi.
   —   misafiri istemez/sevmez, ev sahibi ikisini de. proverb One guest dislikes having to put up with another guest, whereas their host
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    would rather not put up with either of them.
    —  odası guest bedroom, guest room. — olmak /a/ to be a guest of/in. — on kısmetle gelir; birini yer dokuzunu bırakır, proverb God will bless a hospitable person. — salonu see misafir odası. — sanatçı guest artist.
    —  tohumu slang bastard. — umduğunu değil, bulduğunu yer. proverb A guest can’t be choosy; he/she has to accept whatever hospitality is offered, —in umduğu ev sahibine iki öğün olur, proverb A guest often hopes to be entertained more lavishly than is possible. — üç gün misafirdir, proverb One can remain in a place as a guest for (no more than) three days.
misafirhane (.— .—.) 1. small, village house built to accommodate travelers. 2. guesthouse (maintained by a firm/an institution for its personnel). 3. caravansary; inn, hostelry, misafirlik (.— ..) 1. being a guest. 2. visit. —e gitmek 1. to go on a visit. 2. /a/ to pay a visit to (s.o.). — üç gündür, proverb One can remain in a place as a guest for (no more than) three days, misafirperver (.— ...) hospitable, misafirperverlik (.— ....) hospitality, misak, -ki (—.) obs. agreement, pact, treaty.
Misak-ı Milli (--------..—) hist, the National Pact
    of 1920 (which set forth certain claims for the Ottoman state), misal, -li 1. example, illustration; precedent. 2. (ideal) model, example, exemplar. 3. -like, resembling: saray misali bir ev a palatial house. — getirmek to give an example, misel chem. micelle.
misil, -sli 1. like, equal, counterpart: misli görülmemiş unique. 2. an equal amount, as much again: Bunun iki mislini ver. Give me twice as much of this, misillerce büyük /dan/ many times bigger than, misliyle 1. in kind, tit for tat: misliyle mukabele retaliation in kind. 2. more than, and then some: Bunu misliyle ödedim. I’ve more than made up/ atoned for it. misilleme retaliation in kind; retortion, misina (./.) fishing line, fishline. misis (used of foreign women) 1. Mrs. (used as a title or as a form of address). 2. missus, missis, lady. 3. colloq. wife, misk, -ki musk. — gibi colloq. clean and sweet -smelling. — yerini belli eder, proverb An excellent person naturally stands out. miskal, -li formerly miskal (a weight for precious stones), miskçiçeği, -ni (/...) bot. field scabious, Knautia arvensis.
’misket, -ti used in: — limonu bot. lime, Citrus aurantifolia. — şarabı muscatel wine, muscatel. — üzümü muscat grape.
2misket, -ti 1. obs. musket. 2. shot; grapeshot; shrapnel ball. 3. obs. musket-ball. 4. colloq. marble (used in the game of marbles). — oyunu marbles, the game of marbles. —
   topu a cannon used for firing shrapnel, miskfaresi, -ni (/—..) zool. muskrat, Ondatra zibethica.
miskin 1. supine, indolent, shiftless. 2. helpless; wretched. 3. obs. leper, lazar. 4. obs. leprous, lazarlike, lazarous. — asmanın kel koruğu colloq. someone who’s about as lazy as they come, —ler dergâhı see miskinler tekkesi.
   —   hastalığı/illeti obs. leprosy, —ler tekkesi
   1.     colloq. den of idlers, den of layabouts. 2. formerly lazaretto, lazar house (for lepers), miskinhane (..—.) 1. colloq. den of idlers, den of layabouts. 2. formerly lazaretto, lazar house (for lepers), miskinleşmek to become supine, become indolent.
miskinlik supineness, indolence, shiftlessness. miskkeçisiÇ -ni (/...) zool. musk deer, Moschus moschiferus. miskkedisi, -ni (/...) zool. civet cat, Viverra civetta; zibet, Viverra zibetha. miskliler zool. Viverridae. miskotu, -nu (/..) bot. musk plant, musk, Mim-ulus moschatus. misk öküzü, -nü (/...) zool. musk ox, Ovibos moschatus.
misksığırı, -nı (/...) zool., see misköküzü. missa Christ. Mass.
mister (/.) (used of foreign men) 1. Mr. (used as a title or as a form of address). 2. mister.
   3.     colloq. husband, mistik 1. mystical, mystic. 2. (a) mystic, mistisizm mysticism.
misvak, -ki stick of wood taken from a toothbrush tree, beaten into fibers at one end, and used as a toothbrush, misvakağacı, -ni (./...) bot. toothbrush tree, Salvador a persica. misyon mission, misyoner missionary, misyonerlik being a missionary.
                                -miş’li geçmiş zaman gram, the inferential past tense: Gelmiş. I gather that he’s come. MİT (abbr. for Milli İstihbarat Teşkilatı) N.I.O. (the National Intelligence Organization), mit, -ti myth.
mitil 1. quilt made of plain white cloth. 2. plain white case (before it is stuffed to make a quilt).
miting, -gi mass meeting, demonstration. — yapmak to hold a mass meeting or demonstration.
mitingci 1. demonstrator; participant in a mass meeting. 2. organizer of a demonstration or mass meeting, mitleştirme /i/ mythicizing; mythifying, mythi-fication.
mitleştirmek hi to mythicize; to mythify.
mitoloji mythology.
mitolojik mythological, mythologic.
mitos mythos, myth.
mitoz biol. mitosis, karyokinesis.
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mitral, -li anat. 1. mitral. 2. mitral valve. — darlığı path, mitral stenosis. — gözeler/hücreler biol. mitral cells. — kapakçığı anat. mitral valve. — yetersizlik/yetersizliği path. mitral insufficiency, mitral incompetence, mitralyöz machine gun, mitrailleuse, miyar (—.) 1. standard (for weights/measures).
   2.     standard (of coinage). 3. chem. reagent, miyav meow, mew. miyavlama meowing, mewing, miyavlamak to meow, mew. miyavlatma III making (a cat) meow/mew. miyavlatmak hi to make (a cat) meow/mew. miyelin biochem. myelin, my eline. — kılıf/örtü anat. myelin sheath, medullary sheath, miyelom path, myeloma, miyeloma (../.) path., see miyelom. miyokard anat. myocardium. — enfarktüsü path, myocardial infarction, miyokardit, -ti path, myocarditis, miyom path, myoma, miyop myopic, nearsighted, shortsighted, miyopluk myopia, nearsightedness, shortsightedness.
miyosen geol. 1. the Miocene epoch/series, the Miocene. 2. Miocene, Miocenic. miza (/.) gambling bet (sum of money), mizacen (.—.) by temperament, by nature, mizaç temperament, disposition, nature, mizaçlı of (a certain) temperament: yumuşak mizaçlı gentle-natured. mizah humor. — dergisi humor magazine, mizahçı humorist.
mizahi (.------) humorous, containing humorous
   elements.
mizan (—.) 1. obs. balance, scales. 2. obs., math, proof. 3. bookkeeping trial balance, —a çekmek hi colloq. to call (s.o.) to account.
mizana (./.) naut. mizzenmast, mizanpaj print. 1. making (typeset matter) up into pages, make-up, paging up. 2. layout, mizanpli setting (of hair), set. mizansen 1. theat. directing, direction. 2. theat. mise-en-scene (staging a play). 3. cin. ' staging.^
mizitra (./.) a soft, uncured cheese. — peyniri see mizitra.
Mn chem. Mn (manganese), mnemotekni mnemonics, mnemotechnics.
Mo chem. Mo (molybdenum), mobilya (./.) furniture.
mobilyacı (./..) 1. maker/seller of furniture. 2.
   furniture store, mobilyacılık (./...) making/selling furniture;
   being a maker/a seller of furniture, mobilyalı (./..) furnished, provided with furniture.
mobilyasız (./..) unfurnished, not provided with furniture.
moda (/.) 1. fashion, vogue, style; fad. 2. fashionable, smart, stylish (thing); in fashion, in vogue, —sı geçmek /m/ to go out of fashion,
   become demode. — olmak to be the vogue, be the rage. — ya uymak to keep up with the latest fashions, modacı (/..) fashion designer; couturier, modacılık (/...) fashion design; couture, modaevi, -ni (/...) fashion house, house of fashion.
model 1. model; scale model. 2. pattern (used in foundry work). 3. artist’s model. 4. style, type, model. 5. fashion magazine; magazine containing fashion plates and dressmaking patterns. 6. colloq. spitting image, carbon copy. 7. (fashion) model (person). — değiştirmek slang to wreck one’s car. modelaj sculpture modeling (in clay or a similar material), modelci foundry work patternmaker, modelcilik foundry work patternmaking. modellik modeling, the modeling profession, being an artist’s model or a fashion model, modem comp, modem, moderato (../.) mus. moderato, modern modern.
modernize modernized. — etmek hi to modernize, make modern, modernizm modernism, modernleşme becoming modem, modernization, modernleşmek to become modem, modernize, modernleştirme hi modernizing, making modern, modernization, modernleştirmek hi to modernize, make modern.
modifikasyon modification, modistra (./.) seamstress, dressmaker, modül 1. arch, module. 2. phys. modulus. 3.
   module (a spacecraft unit), modülasyon mus. modulation, modüler tech. modular.
Moğol 1. (a) Mongol. 2. Mongolian, of the Mongols or Mongolia.
Moğolca (./.) 1. Mongolian, the Mongolian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Mongolian, Mongolian. 3. Mongolian (speech/writing); spoken in Mongolian; written in Mongolian. Moğoüstan 1. Mongolia. 2. Mongolian, of Mongolia, moher mohair.
moka (/.) mocha, mocha coffee, mokasen moccasin (a shoe), mola (/.) rest, pause, break. M—! naut. Let it go!/Ease it off! (said of a rope). — etmek h! naut. to let (a rope) go; to ease (a rope) off. — taşı stone on which porters can rest their loads. — vermek to stop for a rest (while traveling); to take a break (while working).
Moldavya (./.) 1. Moldavia. 2. Moldavian, of Moldavia.
MoldavyalI (./..) 1. (a) Moldavian. 2. Moldavian (person).
Moldova (./.) 1. Moldova. 2. Moldovan, of Moldova.
Moldovalı (./..) 1. (a) Moldovan. 2. Moldovan
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   (person), molekül molecule.
moleküler molecular. — biyoloji molecular biology, molibden chem. molybdenum, molla Islam 1. mullah, mollah, a high-ranking kadi or teacher of theology. 2. student in a medrese.
                               molotofkokteyli, -ni (./....) Molotov cocktail, moloz 1. rubble, debris (of stone or stonelike material). 2. slang good-for-nothing person/ thing. — duvar wall made of unhewn stones. —lu pilav slang pilaf containing many chunks of meat. — taşı unhewn stone, molozlaşma slang losing one’s looks, getting old and ugly, molozlaşmak slang to lose one’s looks, get old and ugly.
molozluk 1. heap of rubble. 2. being good-for -nothing.
Molük Moluccan, of the Molucca Islands. — Adaları the Molucca Islands, formerly the Spice Islands.
Molüklü 1. (a) Moluccan. 2. Moluccan (person), moment, -ti phys. moment, monadizm phil., see monatçılık.
Monako (./.) 1. Monaco. 2. Monacan, Mone-gasque, of Monaco.
Monakolu (./..) 1. (a) Monacan, (a) Mone-gasque. 2. Monacan, Monegasque (person), monarşi monarchy.
monarşist, -ti 1. (a) monarchist. 2. monarchistic, monarchist, monarşizm monarchism, monat phil. monad, monatçılık phil. monadism. monden of the smart set, society; fashionable and pleasure-loving, mongolizm path, mongolism, Down’s syndrome.
mongoloit path. 1. (a) mongoloid. 2. mongo-loid.
monist, -ti phil. 1. (a) monist. 2. monistic, mo-nistical. monitör monitor, monizm phil. monism, monogam monogamous, monogami monogamy, monografi monography. monogram monogram, monokl, -lü monocle, monolog monolog, Brit, monologue, monopol, -lü monopoly, monoray 1. monorail. 2. monorail train/car. monoteist, -ti 1. (a) monotheist. 2. monotheistic, monotheistical. monoteizm monotheism, monotip, -pi print, monotype, monoton monotonous, monotonluk monotony, monotrof biol., see monotrofik. monotrofik biol. monotrophic.
Monsenyör 1. Monsignor. 2. Monseigneur.
monşer my dear, mon cher (a form of address). montaj 1. mech. mounting, fitting, assembly, assembling. 2. cin. assembly and editing (of a film), montage. hattı assembly line, montajcı 1. mech. fitter, mounter, assembler (person). 2. cin. film editor, montajcılık 1. mech. the job of a fitter/a mounter/an assembler; mounting, fitting, assembling. 2. cin. film editing, monte used in: — etmek hi mech. to assemble, put together.
 Montserrat, -t’ı (./.) Montserrat.
 Montserratli (./..) 1. (a) Montserratian. 2.
    Montserratian (person), mor 1. purple; violet. 2. obs., slang a fifty-lira bill. — etmek hi slang 1. to embarrass, make (s.o.) turn red in the face. 2. to beat (s.o.) black and blue. — olmak slang 1. to be embarrassed, turn red in the face. 2. to be beaten black and blue.
 ’moral, -li morale; esprit de corps, —ini bozmak Iml to destroy (s.o.’s) morale, depress, get (s.o.) down. — i bozuk low-spirited, depressed, down. — i bozulmak to become low -spirited. — vermek /a/ to boost (s.o.’s) morale, cheer (s.o.) up.
2moral, -li 1. morals, ethics. 2. moral, ethical, moralist, -ti phil. moralist, moralizm phil. moralism. moramik path, purpura, moranm path, cyanosis, morarma 1. turning purple. 2. turning black and blue.
 morarmak 1. to turn purple. 2. to turn black and blue.
morartı bruise, black-and-blue spot, morartma hi 1. turning (s.t.) purple. 2. making (s.t.) turn black and blue, morartmak hi 1. to turn (s.t.) purple. 2. to make (s.t.) turn black and blue, moratoryum (../.) moratorium, moren geol. moraine, morfem ling, morpheme, morfin morphine. — atmak slang to make barbed remarks. — koymak school slang to pull the wool over the teacher’s eyes, morfinlenme being treated with morphine, being morphinized. morfinlenmek to be treated with morphine, be morphinized. morfinman see morfinoman. morfinoman morphine addict, morphinomaniac. morfoloji morphology, morfolojik morphological, morphologic, morg, -gu morgue.
morina (./.) zool. cod, codfish, Gadus morrhua. Moritanya (../.) 1. Mauritania. 2. Mauritanian, of Mauritania.
 MoritanyalI (../..) 1. (a) Mauritanian. 2. Mauritanian (person).
 Morityus (./.) 1. Mauritius. 2. Mauritian, of Mauritius.
 Morityuslu (./..) 1. (a) Mauritian. 2. Mauritian
morlanma
 616
muadil
   (person), morlanma see morlaşma, morlanmak see morlaşmak, morlaşma turning purple, morlaşmak to turn purple, morluk 1. purpleness. 2. purple spot, morötesi, -ni (/...) ultraviolet.
^ors zool. walrus, Odobenus rosmarus.
2mors Morse. — alfabesi Morse code, Morse alphabet.
morsalkim (/..) bot. wisteria, wistaria, Chinese wisteria, Wisteria sinensis. morsgiller zool. Odobenidae. mort, -tu slang dead. — olmak slang to die, croak, kick the bucket, give up the ghost, morti (/.) slang dead, —yi çekmek slang to die, croak, kick the bucket, give up the ghost, mortlama slang 1. dying, croaking, kicking the bucket, giving up the ghost. 2. losing all one’s money, being cleaned out (while gambling).
mortlamak slang 1. to die, croak, kick the bucket, give up the ghost. 2. to lose all one’s money, be cleaned out (while gambling), mortlatma /i/ slang 1. killing, bumping off, doing (s.o.) in. 2. winning all of (s.o.’s) money, cleaning (s.o.) out (while gambling), mortlatmak l\l slang 1. to kill, bump off, do (s.o.) in. 2. to win all of (s.o.’s) money, clean (s.o.) out (while gambling), njorto (/.) slang corpse, stiff. — yu çekmek slang to die, croak, kick the bucket, give up the ghost.
mortocu (/..) slang 1. driver of a hearse. 2. pallbearer. 3. person paid to recite Koranic passages at a funeral. 4. imam presiding at a funeral, mortu (/.) slang, see morto, mortucu (/..) slang, see mortocu, moruk slang 1. old man; dotard. 2. father, old man.
moruklama slang, see moruklaşma, moruklamak slang, see moruklaşmak, moruklaşma slang getting old, getting decrepit, moruklaşmak slang to get old, get decrepit, morula (./.) biol. morula, mulberry body, morumsu purplish, morumtırak see morumsu.
Moskof colloq. 1. (a) Russian. 2. the Russians.
   3.    Russia. 4. cruel, ruthless. 5. (a) leftist; (a) communist, moskofcami, -ni (./..) muscovite, moskoftoprağı, -m (./...) rottenstone, tripoli. Moskova (./.) Moscow, mosmor (/.) 1. deep purple. 2. purple all over.
   3.    badly bruised, black and blue all over, mostra (/.) sample; model (for display). —smi bozmak Iml slang to embarrass, show (s.o.) up. — olmak slang to be caught with one’s pants down; to make a fool of o.s. mostralık (/..) 1. sample; model (for display).
   2. suitable for use as a sample; for show only.
   3. colloq. prize package, prize example (said
   sarcastically). motamo 1. word-for-word, literal. 2. word for word, literally, motel motel.
motelci operator of a motel, motelcilik operating a motel; being the operator of a motel, motif motif.
motifli (s.t.) which contains a motif; decorated with a (certain kind of) motif, motivasyon motivation, motopomp, -pu motor-driven pump, motor 1. motor; engine. 2. (any small, motor -driven) boat, motorboat. 3. motorcycle. 4. slang promiscuous, loose (woman). 5. slang fool, dunce, dodo. — u bozulmak slang to get diarrhea, get the squirts. — un suyunu değiştirmek slang to urinate, take a piss, motorbot, -tu (any small, motor-driven) boat, motorboat, motorcu operator of a motorboat, motorin diesel oil, diesel fuel, motorize mil. motorized (as opposed to mechanized).
moturlu 1. motorized, motor-driven (vehicle). 2. mil. motorized. — taşıt motor vehicle. — tren train pulled by a motor car. motorsuz motorless. motosiklet, -ti motorcycle, mototren train pulled by a motor car. motor, -rii see motor, motris rail, motor car.
moz used in: — olmak slang to get dead drunk, drink o.s. under the table, mozaik 1. mosaic. 2. made of marble fragments and concrete, mozaikçi mosaicist.
mozak prov. piglet, pigling, suckling pig. mozalak prov., see mozak.
                                Mozambik (./.) 1. Mozambique. 2. Mozambican, Mozambiquean, of Mozambique. Mozambikli (./..) 1. (a) Mozambican, (a) Mozambiquean. 2. Mozambican, Mozambiquean (person), mozole mausoleum.
M.Ö. (abbr. for Milattan Önce) B.C. (before Christ).
möble (/.) 1. colloq. furniture. 2. furnished, provided with furniture, möbleli (/..) colloq. furnished, provided with furniture.
möblesiz (/..) colloq. unfurnished, not provided with furniture, mönü 1. menu, bill of fare. 2. all the dishes served at a meal, menu, mösyö (used of non-Muslim men) 1. Monsieur (used as a title or as a form of address). 2. monsieur. 3. colloq. husband.
M/S, MS naut. MS (abbr. for motor ship). M.S. (abbr. for Milattan Sonra) A.D. (anno Domini).
muadelet, -ti (.— ..) obs. equivalency, equality, muadil (.—.) equivalent, of equal value.
muaf
 617
muhabir
muaf /dan/ 1. exempt, excused, free (from). 2. med. immune (to). — tutmak /ı, dan/ to exempt (s.o./s.t.) from, muafiyet, -ti (.— ..) 1. exemption. 2. med. immunity.
muaflık 1. exemption. 2. med. immunity, muahede (.—..) obs., international law treaty, muahedename (.—..— .) obs. treaty (document containing a treaty), muallak, -kı 1. hung, hanging, suspended. 2. undecided, unresolved, up in the air. 3. /a/ dependent on, contingent on. — ta kalmak/ olmak to remain undecided, remain unresolved, be up in the air. muallim obs. teacher, muallime obs. (female) teacher, muamele (.—..) 1. treatment, conduct, behavior. 2. the processing (of a petition/an application). 3. doing business with, trading, buying and selling. 4. chem. reaction. 5. colloq. sexual intercourse. — etmek to act, behave; /a/ to treat.
muamma (..—) 1. enigma, mystery. 2. obs. riddle (word game), muammalı (..— .) enigmatic, mysterious, muare 1. moire, (s.t.) which has a wavy/watery appearance. 2. moire, wavy/watery appearance.
muarız (.—.) obs. 1. /a/ opposed (to). 2. opponent.
muasır (.—.) obs. 1. contemporary, contemporaneous. 2. (a) contemporary, muaşeret, -ti (.— ..) social intercourse, social relations. — adabı etiquette, the rules of conduct.
muavenet, -ti (.— ..) obs. help, assistance. — etmek /a/ to help, assist, muavin (.—.) helper, assistant, muayene (.— ..) 1. inspection, examination. 2. med. examination. — etmek 111 1. to inspect, examine. 2. med. to examine. — memuru customs officer, muayeneci (.—...) 1. customs officer. 2. inspector, examiner, muayenehane (.—..—.) doctor’s office, consulting room, Brit, surgery, muayyen fixed, set, determined; definite, certain.
muazzam 1. great, huge and imposing. 2. colloq. terrific, astounding; magnificent, muazzep obs. mentally tormented, suffering. — etmek hi to make (s.o.) suffer mental discomfort, torture. — olmak to suffer mental discomfort, be tortured, muazzez obs. held in high regard, cherished, esteemed.
                                mubah 1. neither enjoined nor forbidden by the Shari’a. 2. colloq. allowed, permissible, mubayaa (.— ..) purchasing, buying. — etmek hi to purchase, buy. mubayaacı (.—...) 1. purchaser, buyer. 2. formerly stockbroker, mucibince (—./.) 1. as required by; in accord-
    ance with: muahede mucibince in accordance with the treaty. 2. hist. Approved (written formula used by high officials). mucip (—.) 1. cause, reason. 2. (s.t.) which necessitates. — olmak hi to cause, necessitate, entail. — sebep justification, sufficient reason, good cause, mucit (—.) 1. inventor, discoverer. 2. creative, inventive, mucize (—..) miracle.
mucizeli (—...) miracle-working, wonder-working, miraculous, mucizevi (—..—) miraculous, miracular. mucuk prov., zool. 1. a small, winged insect.
    2. a small mosquito. 3. sand fly. mucur 1. small bits of coal/charcoal. 2. fine gravel (which is mixed with asphalt to form paving). 3. slag, dross, scoria. 4. debris, trash, refuse, rubbish, muço (/.) see miço.
mudi, -ii (-----) 1. com. depositor, person who
    puts money in a bank. 2. law bailor, mufassal obs. detailed, full, mufassalan (./..) obs. in detail, thoroughly, fully.
mufla 1. muffle (of a muffle furnace). 2. crucible.
muflon 1. zool. mouflon, moufflon, muflon, mufflon, Ovis musimon. 2. thick, wool/ woollike lining (in garments and footwear), muflonlu (garment/footwear) that has a wool/ woollike lining, mugayir (.—.) /a/ obs. contrary to, which goes against.
muğber obs. offended, hurt. — olmak /a/ to be offended (by), be hurt (by), muğlak, -ki difficult (to understand), abstruse, recondite; confused, muhabbet, -ti 1. affection, love. 2. friendly conversation, chat. — etmek to have a friendly chat. — iki baştan olur, proverb If two people wish to establish a good relationship, both of them must work to create it. — tellalı procurer, pimp. — tılsımı love charm, muhabbetçiçeği, -ni (../...) bot. mignonette, Reseda odorata. muhabbetkuşu, -nu (../..) zool. parakeet, par-rakeet, lovebird, Brit, budgerigar, budgie, Melopsittacus undulatus. muhabbetti affectionate, loving, friendly, muhaberat, -ti (.— .—) obs. (written) correspondence; communications, muhabere (.— ..) (written) correspondence; communications. — borusu naut. speaking tube (between the engine room and the pilothouse). — etmek /la/ to correspond (with); to communicate (with). — memuru telegraph operator. — sınıfı mil. Signal Corps.
    —     subayı mil. officer in the Signal Corps, muhabereci (.— ...) mil. soldier in the Signal Corps.
muhabir (.—.) reporter/correspondent (for the news media).
 muhabirlik
muhabirlik            being a reporter/a corre-
    spondent (for the news media), muhaceret, -ti (.— ..) obs. immigration; emigration.
muhacir 1. immigrant; emigrant. 2. Turk who has immigrated to Turkey. — arabası a kind of covered wagon, muhacirlik (.—..) being an immigrant/an emigrant.
muhafaza (.—..) protection, care; preservation, maintenance. — altına almak /ı? 1. to guard, protect, safeguard. 2. to put (s.t.) in safekeeping. — etmek hi to guard, protect; to preserve, maintain, muhafazakâr (.—...) 1. conservative. 2. (a) conservative.
muhafazakârlık (.—....) conservatism, muhafazalı (.—...) protected, sheltered, muhafazasız (.— ...) unprotected, unsheltered, exposed.
muhafız (.—-.) 1. guard; guardsman; bodyguard. 2. obs., mil. comtoander charged with the defense/security of a city/a fortress. — alayı/ kıtası troop of guardsmen, armed guard, muhakeme (.— ..) 1. law trial; judging, adjudicating, adjudication. 2. reasoning (s.t.) out, thinking (s.t.) through. — etmek hi 1. law to hear (s.o.’s) case. 2. to think (s.t.) through, reason (s.t.) out. muhakkak, -ki 1. certain, sure. 2. certainly, undoubtedly.
muhalefet, -ti (.—..) 1. opposing, opposition. 2. pol. the opposition. — etmek /a/ to oppose. —e geçmek to join the opposition. — lideri leader of the chief opposition party.
    —     partisi opposition party. — sözcüsü opposition spokesman, muhalif (.—•.) 1. /a/ contrary to, in violation of; opposed to, against. 2. opposing; of the opposition, opposition. 3. contrary, adverse.
    4.    opponent. 5. conflicting, incompatible, muhallebi a milk pudding. — çocuğu colloq.
    milksop, namby-pamby, mama’s boy. muhallebici 1. maker/seller of milk puddings. 2. store selling milk puddings, milk bar. 3. colloq. namby-pamby, mollycoddled, muhallebicilik making/selling milk puddings. Muhammed the Prophet Muhammad. Muhammedi (...—) pertaining to the Prophet Muhammad, of the Prophet Muhammad; Muslim.
muhammen com. estimated, appraised (worth/ value).
Muhammet see Muhammed. muhammin com., law appraiser, muharebe (.— ..) mil. 1. battle, engagement. 2. combat, action. 3. war. — meydanı battlefield.
                                                             muharip (.— .) 1. mil. combatant, fighting man. 2. belligerent nation, belligerent. 3. trained for combat, combat (force/soldier). 4. belligerent (nation). — birlik mil. combat unit. Muharrem Muharram (the first month of the
 618                                          muhtaç
   Muslim calendar), muharrik, -ki obs. 1. (s.t.) which activates, propels, or causes to move, motive. 2. anat. motor, which produces motion. 3. instigator, fo-menter, inciter, muharrir writer; author, muharrirlik being a writer, writing, muhasara (.— ..) mil. siege, besieging. — etmek hi mil. to besiege, lay siege to, beleaguer.
muhasebe (.— ..) 1. accounting; bookkeeping. 2. accounting/bookkeeping department (of a firm). — kalemi accounting/bookkeeping department (in a government office). — memuru accountant/bookkeeper in a government bureau, —sini yapmak /m/ colloq. to look at (a matter) from all angles, weigh up both the good and the bad aspects of (s.t.), make a reckoning of. muhasebeci (.-—...) accountant; bookkeeper, muhasebecilik (.— ....) being an accountant/a bookkeeper; accountancy; bookkeeping, muhasim (.—.) obs. 1. adversary, opponent. 2.
   hostile, enemy, muhasip (.—*.) obs. accountant; bookkeeper, muhatap (.—.) 1. person addressed, person spoken to, collocutor. 2. colloq., used to show scorn: O benim muhatabım olamaz. I won’t give him the time of day ./I won’t stoop to speak with him. — olmak /a/ 1. to have (a question/a remark) directed to o.s. 2. to be the object of, receive (s.t. unpleasant), muhavere (.—..) obs. colloquy, conversation, dialog, Brit, dialogue, muhayyel obs. imagined, imaginary, muhayyer com. 1. returnable (merchandise). 2. (merchandise sold) on approval, on trial. 3. classical Turk. mus. a makam, muhayyerbuselik (...—..) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
muhayyerkürdi (....—) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
muhayyersümbüle classical Turk. mus. a makam.
muhayyile imagination, imaginative ability, muhbir 1. common informer, informer. 2. obs.
                                                           news reporter; news correspondent, muhit, -ti 1. (one’s) circle of friends and associates; (one’s) circle of friends. 2. (one’s) friends and surroundings, setting, environment, milieu. 3. district, area, neighborhood.
   —      edinmek colloq. to acquire a circle of friends; to get to know some people (in a place). —i geniş colloq. (s.o.) who knows a lot of people, who gets around. — yapmak colloq., see muhit edinmek, muhkem 1. firm, solid, sturdy; tight. 2. securely; tightly.
muhlis obs. sincere; devout, warmly devoted, muhrip navy destroyer.
muhtaç 1. /a/ (s.o./s.t.) who/which is in need of. 2. poor, needy, indigent. — etmek /ı, a/ to leave (s.o.) dependent upon, leave (s.o.)
muhtar
 619
mum
   beholden to. — olmak /a/ to be in need of, need.
                               muhtar 1. mukhtar (the elected head of a village or of a neighborhood within a town or city). 2. obs. autonomous, self-governing, muhtariyet, -ti (.— ..) obs. autonomy, self-gov-ernment.
muhtarlık 1. building housing the mukhtar’s office. 2. being a mukhtar; the work of a mukhtar.
                               muhtasar 1. obs. short, brief; concise. 2.fin.
   monthly tax. muhtasaran (./..) obs. briefly, in brief; concisely.
muhtekir obs. 1. profiteer. 2. (s.o.) who profiteers, profiteering, muhtelif various, of various sorts, assorted, diverse.
muhtelit, -ti obs. 1. mixed, joint. 2. coeducational. 3. math, complex (number). — mahkeme hist., law mixed court, muhtemel probable, likely, muhtemelen (./..) probably, muhterem esteemed, respected, honored, muhteris 1. inordinately desirous, greedy. 2.
   passionate, filled with desire, muhteşem magnificent, splendid, grand; imposing.
muhteva (..—) contents, content, muhtevi (..—) /ı/ obs. (s.t.) which includes, containing.
muhteviyat, -ti obs. contents, muhtıra 1. diplomatic note; note, warning (sent to a government). 2. engagement calendar, appointments book, Brit, diary. 3. memorandum, note. — defteri 1. engagement calendar. 2. notebook, book for memoranda, mujik mujik, muzhik (Russian peasant), mukabele (.—..) 1. responding, response; reciprocation; retaliation. 2. comparing, comparison; collating. 3. chanting in unison of Koranic passages by several hafiz. — etmek to respond; to reciprocate; to retaliate. — okumak (for several hafiz) to chant Koranic passages in unison, mukabeleci (.— ...) 1. person who chants the Koran in mosques. 2. formerly official who collated documents in a government office, collator. 3. formerly, mil. person who made the roll call, mukabil (.—.) 1. counter, opposing. 2. counterpart, equivalent. 3. return (that which is returned). 4. /a/ in response to. 5. /a/ in return for. 6. /a/ in spite of. —inde 1. by way of response. 2. by way of return, mukaddeme obs. introduction, preface; preliminary statement, mukadder obs. predestined, foreordained, fated; inevitable.
mukadderat, -ti things that are fated to happen; destiny, fate, mukaddes sacred, holy; hallowed, blessed; consecrated.
mukaddesat, -ti holy things, mukaddime obs., see mukaddeme, mukallit obs. 1. imitator; mimic. 2. (s.o.) who imitates someone/something, mukavele (.—..) contract, written agreement. — yapmak to make a contract, mukaveleli (.— ...) (s.t.) done using a contract;
   settled by means of a contract, mukavelename (.—..— .) contract, written agreement (the document itself), mukavemet, -ti (.—..) 1. resistance; holding out; endurance. 2. obs., phil. nolition, unwillingness. — etmek /a/ to resist; to hold out against. — yarışı sports long-distance race.
mukavemetçi (.—...) 1. pol. resistance fighter, member of a resistance movement. 2. sports long-distance runner, mukavemetli (.— ...) (s.o./s.t.) who/which has staying power, tough, durable; unyielding; resistant.
mukavemetsiz (.— ...) (s.o./s.t.) who/which lacks staying power or resistance, mukavim (.—.) obs. (s.o./s.t.) who/which has staying power, tough, durable; unyielding; resistant.
mukavva (./.) 1. cardboard. 2. made of cardboard.
mukayese (.—..) comparison. — etmek /ı/ to compare.
mukayeseli (.—...) comparative; contrastive, mukayyet obs. 1. registered, recorded, entered. 2. enrolled, registered. 3. /la/ bound by, limited by (a restriction). — olmak /a/ colloq. to mind, watch, look after: Kendine mukayyet ol! Be careful!/Take care! mukim (.—) /da/ obs. (s.o.) who dwells in, who resides in. mukoza (./.) anat. mucous membrane, muktedir 1. able, capable. 2. obs. virile, potent, able to copulate. — olmak /a/ to be able (to), be capable (of), mulaj 1. taking an impression, moulage. 2. impression, cast. 3. med. moulage. mum 1. candle. 2. wax. 3. candlepower; colloq. watt, —la aramak /ı/ colloq. 1. to miss bitterly, feel the loss of grievously; to rue the absence of. 2. to crave (s.t. virtually unfind-able). — boya crayon (made of wax). — burnu the burnt end of a candlewick, snuff, —a çevirmek h/ colloq. to make (s.o.) submissive and obedient, make (s.o.) putty in one’s hands. — damlalığı brim around the socket of a candlestick, sconce; ring (placed around the base of a candle to catch the drippings). — dibi mum ortası a game played with a candle placed on a table. — dibine ışık vermez, proverb (A candle does not illuminate its own base.) One may be a help to others and yet neglect one’s family and oneself. — dikmelik stand upon which votive candles are placed. — direk colloq. (standing) ramrod straight, —a döndürmek /i/
mumağacı
 620
Musevilik
   colloq., see muma çevirmek, —a dönmek
   colloq. to become putty in someone’s hands.
   —   gibi colloq. 1. (standing) ramrod straight. 2. well-behaved. 3. waxen. 4. (as) white as a sheet, very pale. — külahı snuffer (used to extinguish candles). — makası snuffers, wick trimmers (used to trim candlewicks).
   —   olmak 1. colloq. to become quiet and well -behaved. 2. /a/ slang to be willing to do (s.t.); to be willing to do something for (so much money). — yakmak to light a votive candle. — yanmayınca pervane dönmez/ yanmaz, proverb (When the candle doesn’t bum the moth doesn’t circle around it.) Every person who sets out to do something great needs a powerful source of inspiration. — yapıştırmak /a/ 1. to seal (s.t.) with sealing wax. 2. colloq. to make a mental note of.
                                                             mumağacı, -m (/...) bot. 1. wax palm, Ceroxy-lon andicola. 2. wax myrtle, My rica cer if era. mumcu 1. candlemaker, chandler. 2. seller of candles, chandler, mumçiçeği, -ni (/...) bot. wax plant, Hoya car-nosa.
mumlama l\l 1. waxing. 2. sealing (s.t.) with sealing wax. mumlamak hi 1. to wax. 2. to seal (s.t.) with sealing wax. mumlaşım path, cirrhosis, mumlaşma becoming waxy, becoming waxlike, nçıumlaşmak to become waxy, become waxlike, mumlayıcı cin. waxing machine (a machine for waxing the sprocket holes in a film reel), mumlu 1. waxed; containing wax; prepared with wax. 2. furnished with candles. — boya encaustic, paint used in wax painting. — kâğıt stenciling paper, stencil (used in a duplicating machine), mumluk 1. candlestick, candleholder. 2. of (so many) watts, mumpalmiyesi, -ni (/....) bot. wax palm, Ce-roxylon andicolum. mumya (/.) mummy. — gibi colloq. sallow and emaciated, mumyalama (/...) /i/ mummifying, mumyalamak (/...) lif to mummify, mumyalaşma (/...) being mummified, mumyalaşmak (/...) to be mummified, münafık (.—.) see münafık, münafıklık (.— ..) see münafıklık, mundar colloq., see murdar, munis (—.) 1. friendly, sociable, companionable. 2. tame. 3. familiar, well-known, muntazam 1. regular, uniform, even; steady. 2. orderly; methodical; disciplined. 3. mil. regular. 4. regularly; steadily. 5. neatly, in an orderly way. muntazaman (./..) 1. regularly; steadily. 2.
    neatly, in an orderly way. munzam, -mmı obs. added, appended; additional; supplementary; extra, murabaha (.—..) obs., law usury, lending money at an illegal rate of interest.
murabahacı (.—...) obs., law usurer, murabahacılık (.— ....) obs., law usury; being a usurer.
Murabba, -aı 1. obs., math., geom. square. 2. obs., math., geom. squared. 3. obs. (a) square.
   4.    obs. square, square-shaped. 5. classical Ott. poet, a poem composed of quatrains. 2murabba (..—) paste-like confection made of fruit pulp.
murabit, -ti (.—.) marabout (a dervish), murabut, -tu (.-—.) 1. see murabutkuşu. 2. see murabit.
murabutkuşu, -nu (.— /..) zool. marabou, marabout, marabou stork, Leptoptilos. murahhas 1. plenipotentiary, envoy; delegate. 2. duly authorized/empowered. — heyet official delegation, official committee. — üye com. corporate executive, executive appointed by the board of directors of a corporation, murakabe (.—..) 1. obs. inspection, control. 2. obs., com. audit, auditing. 3. Sufism contemplation, meditating on spiritual things, —ye dalmak Sufism (for a mystic) to be lost in contemplation. — etmek /ı/ obs. 1. to inspect, control, oversee. 2. com. to audit. — öğretmeni obs. teacher whose duties resemble those of a homeroom teacher, murakıp (.—.) obs. 1. inspector. 2. com. auditor, murana (./.) zool. moray, moray eel, Muraena helena.
murat wish, desire; goal, aim. — ma ermek to attain one’s desire; to reach one’s goal, murç chisel (used in stonemasonry). murdar filthy, unclean.
murdarağacı, -m (./...) bot. purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria. murdarilik (./..) obs., anat., see omurilik, murdarlık filthiness, uncleanness, mus zool. moose, Alces americana.
Musa (— —) Moses, musahhih obs. proofreader, musahhihlik obs. proofreading; being a proofreader.
musakka moussaka (a dish made largely of a vegetable and ground meat), musalla (..—) 1. area within a mosque courtyard/garden where funeral services are performed. 2. place constructed for open-air worship. — taşı stone on which the en-coffined corpse is placed during the funeral service.
musallat, -ti (s.o./s.t.) who/which constantly pesters/annoys. — etmek /ı, a/ to set (an annoying person) on (s.o.); to cause (s.t. annoying) to plague (s.o.). — olmak /a/ to bother, pester, pick on; to plague; to become a pest in (a place), musandıra (./..) 1. large cupboard (used for storing bedding and often built into a wall).
   2.    high, wide shelf in a pantry. 3. sideboard, buffet (piece of dining-room furniture). Musevi (—.—) 1. Jew. 2. Jewish. 3. Mosaic. Musevilik (—.—.) 1. Judaism, the Jewish reli-
Mushaf
621
mutlak
   gion. 2. Jewishness; being a Jew.
Mushaf the Koran. — kesesi cloth case for a Koran.
musibet, -ti (.—.) 1. calamity, disaster. 2. unpleasant person/thing who/which causes one trouble, a real pain in the neck. 3. (s.o./s.t.) who/which is a real pain in the neck, musikar (—.—) 1. a mythical bird whose bill produces musical sounds when the wind blows through the holes in it. 2. mus. panpipe, syrinx, musiki (—.—) 1. traditional Turkish music (as opposed to Western music). 2. music, musikişinas (—.— ..) 1. musician. 2. musically skilled; musically knowledgeable, muska 1. written charm, amulet. 2. any triangularly folded thing. — böreği see muska-böreği.
muskaböreği (./...) a triangle-shaped pastry stuffed with cheese or ground meat, muskacı writer of charms, muskacılık being a writer of charms, muskarat, -ti 1. muskrat fur, muskrat. 2. made of muskrat fur, muskrat, muslin muslin.
musluk 1. faucet, tap, spigot. 2. colloq. washbasin, lavatory. 3. slang penis, tool, *pecker. —u açılmak slang 1. (for a youth) to reach puberty. 2. to begin to talk a blue streak. — taşı stone sink (under a faucet), muslukçu 1. one who makes/sells/repairs faucets. 2. slang pickpocket who steals from the jackets of worshipers who are ritually washing themselves outside a mosque, muslukçuluk 1. being a maker/a seller/a repairer of faucets. 2. slang stealing from the jackets of worshipers who are ritually washing themselves outside a mosque, muson monsoon, monsoonal wind, mustarip /dan/ (s.o.) who is suffering from (s.t.).
muşamba (./.) 1. oilcloth; oilskin; rubberized waterproof cloth; wax cloth. 2. linoleum. 3. oilskin, slicker, raincoat. — döşemek to lay linoleum. — gibi colloq. very dirty (clothes), muşikâf (—.—) obs. 1. (s.o.) who quibbles over fine points, hairsplitting. 2. hairsplitter, quibbler.
muşmula (./.) 1. bot. medlar, Mespilus german-ica. 2. slang someone who has a very wrinkled face. 3. slang old person, (a) Methuselah. — gibi slang very wrinkled (face). — suratlı slang (s.o.) who has a very wrinkled face.
muşta 1. blow with the fist. 2. brass knuckles, brass knucks. 3. shoemaker’s slicker, sleeking iron.
muştalama /ı/ hitting with one’s fist or brass knuckles.
muştalamak III to hit with one’s fist or brass knuckles. muştu good news.
muştucu person who brings good news.
 muştulama /ı, a/ telling (s.o.) (a piece of good news).
 muştulamak /ı, a/ to tell (s.o.) (a piece of good news).
 muştuluk present given to someone who brings good news.
 mut, -tu 1. happiness. 2. good luck, good fortune.
mutaassıp fanatical, bigoted, mutabakat, -ti (.—..) obs. 1. mutual understanding, agreement, correspondence, conformity, congruity. 2. math, identity; geom. congruity.
   3.     med. accommodation (of the eye), —a varmak 1. to come to an agreement, reach a mutual understanding. 2. to strike a bargain, mutabık, -ki (.—.) 1. (people) who are in agreement with each other. 2. /a/ appropriate (to), suited (to); conforming (to), congruent (with).
   —   kalmak /da/ to come to an agreement (on).
mutaf obs. 1. weaver of goat’s-hair articles. 2. article made of goat’s hair (usually a saddle-cloth/a feedbag), mutasarrıf 1. law owner, possessor. 2. law person entitled to the use of (s.t.). 3. hist, muta-sarrif (governor of a sancak), mutasavvıf Sufi; mystic, mutasyon mutation, mutasyonizm mutationism. mutat (—.) customary, habitual; everyday, ordinary, normal, mutavassıt, -ti obs. intermediary, go-between, mutbah prov., see mutbak. mutbak prov. kitchen.
mutçu phil. 1. eudaemonistic, eudemonistic, eudaemonistical, eudemonistical. 2. (an) eudaemonist, (an) eudemonist. mutçuluk phil. eudaemonism, eudemonism. muteber (—..) 1. esteemed, estimable, worthy, eminent (person); acceptable/important (thing). 2. valid, in force, in effect. 3. believable; trustworthy, reputable, sound. — olmak to be valid, be in effect, be in force, muteberan (—..—) obs. prominent people, worthies, bigwigs, big shots, mutedil (—..) 1. moderate, temperate, mild. 2.
   chem., elec. neutral, mutekit (—..) obs. (s.o.) who has religious convictions, sincerely religious, mutemet (—..) 1. paymaster. 2. obs. trustworthy, reliable (person), mutemetlik (—...) being a paymaster; pay-mastership.
 mutena (—.■—) 1. exclusive, refined; choice. 2. obs. (matter) which demands careful attention, delicate. 3. obs. careful, painstaking; carefully done, mutfak kitchen. — takımı set of kitchen utensils.
muti, -ii (.—) obedient; docile, submissive, mutlak, -kı 1. absolute, unconditional, unlimited, unrestricted. 2. colloq. by all means, without fail; surely. — çoğunluk absolute
 mutlaka                                           622
    majority. — değer math, absolute value. — ekseriyet see mutlak çoğunluk. — nem absolute humidity. — sıcaklık phys. absolute temperature. — sıfır phys., chem. absolute zero.
mutlaka           by all means, without fail;
    surely, undoubtedly, mutlakıyet, -ti 1. autocracy. 2. absolutism. 3.
    absoluteness, mutlandirma /i/ making (s.o.) happy, mutlandirmak hi to make (s.o.) happy, mutlanma becoming happy; being happy, mutlanmak to become happy; to be happy, mutlu 1. happy. 2. lucky. — azınlık pol. the privileged few. — olmak to become happy; to be happy. — son happy ending, mutluluk happiness.
mutsuz unhappy. — çoğunluk pol. the underprivileged masses, mutsuzluk unhappiness, muttasıl obs. 1. continuous. 2. (/..) continuously. 3. /a/ (s.t.) which adjoins, adjoining, muvacehe (.— ..) obs. coming face to face with, —sinde imi confronted by, in the face of: bu kanun muvacehesinde in the face of this law, confronted by this law. muvafakat, -ti (.— ..) obs. 1. consent. 2. harmony. — etmek /a/ to consent (to), give one’s consent (to), muvaffak successful. — olmak /da/ to be successful (in), succeed (in), muvaffakiyet, -ti success, muvaffakiyetli successful, muvaffakıyetsiz unsuccessful, muvaffakiyetsizlik failure, lack of success, muvafık (.—.) obs. 1. suitable, fit, appropriate.
    2. /a/ (s.o.) who is in agreement with. — rey affirmative vote, muvakkat, -ti temporary; interim; provisional, muvakkaten (./..) temporarily, muvakkit, -ti 1. formerly person attached to a mosque whose chief duty was to determine the time for the ezan. 2. obs. chronometer, very accurate timepiece, muvasala (.—..) obs. communication. — hatları lines of communication, muvazaa (.—..) obs., law collusion, muvazaalı (.— ...) obs., law collusive, collusory. muvazene (.—..) 1. equilibrium, balance. 2. med. sense of balance, equilibrium sense, static sense, labyrinthine sense. 3. equanimity, mental balance, muvazeneli (.— ...) 1. balanced, in equilibrium.
    2. stable, balanced, level-headed, muvazenesiz (.— ...) 1. unbalanced, out of equilibrium. 2. (mentally) unstable, unbalanced.
muvazenesizlik (.— ....) 1. lack of balance, imbalance. 2. mental unbalance.
muvazi (.-------) obs. parallel.
muvazzaf 1. mil. regular, on active duty. 2. obs.
    /la/ charged with, given the duty of. 3. obs. salaried. — hizmet mil. 1. active duty, active
                                                                                                 mübaşir
    service. 2. (compulsory) military service, Brit, national service, —lar kadrosu mil. active list. — subay mil. active officer, regular officer.
muylu 1. hub (of a wheel). 2. trunnion (of a cannon), muymul a kind of falcon, muz bot. banana, Musa paradisiaca sapientum; plantain, Musa paradisiaca. — gibi olmak slang to be rattled, be flustered, muzaffer victorious, triumphant (person/ nation).
muzafferane (...— .) obs. 1. victorious, triumphant (action/look/air). 2. victoriously, triumphantly, muzafferiyet, -ti obs. victory, triumph, muzgiller bot. Musaceae. muzır, -rrı/-rı 1. mischievous, naughty; (s.o.) who likes to tease; (s.o.) who likes to harass/ provoke others. 2. harmful, detrimental, injurious. — kurulu censorship committee, committee of public censors, censorate. muzırlık 1. mischievousness; teasing, harassing.
   2. harmfulness, muzip (—.) (s.o.) who likes to kid, who likes to tease good-naturedly, muzipleşme (—...) getting in a teasing mood;
   starting to tease good-humoredly. muzipleşmek (—...) to get in a teasing mood;
   to start to tease good-humoredly. muziplik (—..) good-natured teasing, kidding.
   —      etmek /a/ to tease, kid. muzur, -rn colloq., see muzır, mübadele (.—..) exchange, trade, swapping, barter. — etmek hi to exchange, trade, swap, barter.
mübadil (.—.) 1. obs. exchangee; something exchanged. 2. obs. (s.t./s.o.) which/who has been exchanged. 3. hist. Turkish exchangee (sent to Turkey from Greece during the population exchange which followed the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923). mübalağa (.—..) exaggeration. — etmek hi to exaggerate.
mübalağacı (.— ...) 1. çxaggerator. 2. inclined to exaggerate, mübalağalı (.— ...) exaggerated, blown-up, overstated.
mübarek (.—.) 1. blessed, enjoying divine favor; holy, sacred; auspicious; beatific. 2. (s.t.) which gives happiness/prosperity. 3. colloq. blasted, confounded. 4. colloq. the blasted thing; the confounded fellow. M—! colloq.
   1.    Bless his/her heart!/Bless its heart! 2. You son of a gun! (...) — olsun, colloq. May (s.t./s.o.) be blessed.: Bayramınız mübarek olsun. May your Bairam be a blessed one. Yeni eviniz mübarek olsun. May your new home be blessed, mübarekotu, -nu (.— /..) bot. wood avens, herb bennet, Geum urbanum. mübaşir (.—.) court crier, crier (in a court of law).
mübrem
623
mühimmat
mübrem obs. 1. inescapable, ineluctable. 2. indispensable. 3. urgent, pressing, mücadele           struggle; fight; fray; conten-
    tion. — etmek /la/ to fight/struggle/contend (with).
mücadeleci (.— ...) 1. fighter; contender. 2. (s.o.) who is willing to fight/struggle; (s.o.) who relishes a fight. 3. combative, fighting, mücahit ,(.— .) 1. fighter for the Islamic faith.
    2. fighter (for a sacred cause/ideal), mücbir obs. compelling. — sebepler law force majeure, circumstances beyond one’s control, mücehhez /la/ obs. 1. equipped (with), furnished (with), fitted out (with); possessing. 2. prepared/ready (with), mücellit obs. bookbinder, mücellithane (...—.) obs. bookbindery. mücellitlik obs. bookbinding, mücerret obs. 1. abstract (as opposed to concrete). 2. pure, unadulterated. 3. celibate (man). 4. (a) celibate, celibate man. 5. gram. the nominative case, the nominative. 6. colloq. only, solely. 7. colloq. by all means, certainly.
mücessem obs. 1. personified, incarnate. 2. solid, three-dimensional. — hendese solid geometry.
mücevher 1. piece of jewelry; jewel. 2. obs.
    jeweled, set with jewels, mücevherat, -ti jewelry, Brit, jewellery, mücevherci jeweler, Brit, jeweller, mücrim obs. 1. criminal, felon. 2. guilty, mücver a fried patty the chief ingredient of which is squash, müdafaa (.— ..) defense. — etmek hi to defend.
    —     hakkı law the right to defend o.s. before a court. — hattı mil. line of defense, müdafaasız (.—...) undefended, defenseless, müdafi, -ii (.— —) 1. obs. defender. 2. law counsel for the defense. 3. obs., soccer back, müdahale (.— ..) interference; intervention. — etmek /a/ to interfere; to intervene, müdana (.— —) colloq. feeling indebted to (s.o.) (for a favor). — etmek /a/ colloq. to feel indebted (to), feel grateful (to), —sı olmamak colloq. to be ungrateful, müdavim (.—.) frequenter; regular visitor; regular customer, müddei (..—) obs., law 1. plaintiff. 2. (the side) of the plaintiff, müddeiumumi (....---------) obs., law public pros-
    ecutor; district attorney.
müddeiumumilik (....---------.) obs. 1. law public
    prosecutorship; being a public prosecutor. 2. building housing the public prosecutor’s office.
müddet, -ti period (of time), space of time, duration; spell: Kısa bir müddet sustum. I kept quiet for a little while. Bu müddet içinde çok korktular. Throughout this ti^e they were very frightened, müddetçe while, as long as. müderris 1 .formerly professor (in a university).
    2. hist, teacher in a medrese, müdevver obs. round, circular; spherical, müdire (.—.) 1. directress, head; manageress.
    2. headmistress, principal, müdiriyet, -ti (.—..) see müdüriyet, müdrik, -ki hf obs. (s.o.) who perceives/comprehends. — olmak hi to perceive, be aware of, be conscious of; to comprehend, müdür 1. director, head, chief; manager. 2.
    headmaster, principal, müdüriyet, -ti (.— ..) see müdürlük, müdürlük 1. office of a director/a manager (place). 2. directorship; being a director, müebbeden (./..) forever, eternally, in perpetuity.
müebbet 1. endless, unending, perpetual. 2. life, lifelong. — hapis law life sentence, life, müellif author, writer.
                                                                 müessese institution/establishment/organization (corporate body), müessif (s.t.) which causes regret; saddening, sad, distressing, müessir 1. effective, efficacious; influential. 2. touching, heart-moving. 3. obs., chem. active.
    —     fiil law assault and battery, müessis obs. founder, establisher. müeyyide law sanction, müezzin muezzin.
müezzinlik being a muezzin; working as a mu* ezzin. müfettiş inspector.
müfettişlik inspectorship; being an inspector, müflis bankrupt; insolvent. — bezirgân/tüccar eski defterlerini karıştırır, proverb, see Züğürtleyen bezirgân/tüccar eski defterlerini karıştırır, —e mal mı kaptırdın? colloq. Why are you so upset? You haven’t lost anything you can’t recoup, müflon see muflon. müflonlu see muflonlu. müfredat, -ti obs. items (of a list). — programı (education) curriculum, list of courses, müfreze mil. detachment, müfsit obs. (person) who stirs up trouble, who makes mischief, müft, -tü obs. free, gratis. — olsun da zift olsun. proverb Some people will eagerly accept anything that’s free, no matter how worthless it is. müfteri (..—) obs. slanderer, calumniator, müftü mufti (official learned in Islamic law who is in charge of Islamic affairs for a province/a district), müftülük 1. office of mufti; being a mufti. 2.
    building housing a mufti’s office, müge bot. lily of the valley, Convallaria ma-jalis.
mühendis engineer (e.g. civil engineer, environmental engineer, mining engineer), mühendislik engineering; being an engineer, mühim, -mi/-mmi important, mühimmat, -ti 1. munitions, military supplies.
    2. slang booze, liquor.
mühimseme
 624
mülayemet
mühimseme hi considering (s.o./s.t.) important, regarding (s.o./s.t.) as important, mühimsemek III to consider (s.o./s.t.) important, regard (s.o./s.t.) as important, mühimsenme being considered important, being regarded as important, mühimsenmek (for s.o ./s.t.) to be considered important, be regarded as important, mühlet, -ti 1. fixed period of time (for the carrying out of an action). 2. grace period, respite, delay, extension, mühre 1. stone used for polishing/grinding. 2.
                                                                 decoy (used to lure birds), mühreleme III making (s.t.) smooth and lustrous with a mühre; grinding finely with a mühre, mührelemek III to make (s.t.) smooth and lustrous with a mühre; to grind finely with a mühre.
mühreli (s.t.) which has been made smooth and lustrous with a mühre, mühtedi (..—) obs. 1. convert to Islam. 2. (s.o.)
    who has been converted to Islam, mühür, -hrü 1. seal, signet; signet ring. 2. stamp (a mark); seal (left in wax). 3. black mark on a cat’s palate. — basmak /a/ to put under seal; to stamp with a seal, —ünü basmak /a/ 1. to put under one’s seal; to stamp with one’s seal. 2. colloq. to swear that (s.t.) is true. — gözlü colloq. (s.o.) who has dark and beautiful eyes. — kazımak to engrave a seal. — kimde ise Süleyman odur. proverb The person to whom power has been officially delegated is the one who calls the shots. — mumu sealing wax. — ü-nü yalamak to go back on one’s word, break one’s promise, mühürcü engraver of seals, mühürcülük being an engraver of seals, mühürdar formerly secretary entrusted with the seal of a high official or government office; private secretary of a high official, mühürleme hi 1. putting under seal; stamping with a seal. 2. locking up and affixing a seal to, sealing up, padlocking (a place) (done by a public authority), mühürlemek hi 1. to put under seal; to stamp with a seal. 2. (for a public authority) to lock up and affix a seal to, seal up, padlock (a place).
                                                                 mühürlenme 1. being under seal; being stamped with a seal. 2. (of a place) being locked up and sealed (by a public authority), mühürlenmek 1. to be under seal; to be stamped with a seal. 2. (for a place) to be locked up and sealed (by a public authority), mühürletme /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) put (s.t.) under seal; having (s.o.) stamp (s.t.) with a seal. 2. having (s.o.) seal up (a place), mühürletmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) put (s.t.) under seal; to have (s.o.) stamp (s.t.) with a seal. 2. to have (s.o.) seal up (a place), mühürlü 1. (s.t.) which is under seal; (s.t.) which has been stamped with a seal. 2.
   (place) which has been locked up and sealed, mühürsüz (s.t.) which lacks a seal; (s.t.) which has not been stamped with a seal, müjde 1. good news, joyful tidings. 2. present given to someone who brings good news. M—! (M—ler olsun!) colloq. I’ve got some good news! — vermek /a/ to give (s.o.) a piece of good news, müjdeci person who brings good news; harbinger, herald (of something good), müjdeleme /ı, a/ telling (s.o.) (a piece of good news).
müjdelemek /ı, a/ to tell (s.o.) (a piece of good news).
müjdelenme /a/ (of a piece of good news) being told to.
müjdelenmek /a/ (for a piece of good news) to be told to.
müjdelik present given to someone who brings good news.
mükâfat, -ti (.—.) prize; reward, —mı görmek Iml to be rewarded (for). — vermek /a/ to give (s.o.) a prize/a reward, mükâfatlandırma (.—....) hi giving (s.o.) a prize; rewarding, mükâfatlandırmak (.— ....) hi to give (s.o.) a prize; to reward, mükâleme (.—..) obs. 1. conversation. 2. diplomatic conference. 3. mil. parley, cease-fire talk. — memuru 1. mil. officer sent to parley with the enemy under a flag of truce. 2. delegate to a diplomatic conference, mükellef 1. /la/ charged with; obliged to (do s.t.). 2. grand, elaborate. 3. taxpayer, mükellefiyet, -ti obligation, liability, mükemmel perfect, complete in every respect, consummate, excellent, superb, mükemmelen (./..) perfectly, consummately, superbly.
mükemmeliyet, -ti see mükemmellik, mükemmellik perfection, superbness, mükerrer repeated, reiterated. — ıskonto com. rediscount. — poliçe com. redraft. — sigorta com. reinsurance, mükrim obs. hospitable (person), müktesep acquired. — hak law vested right, mülahaza (.— ..) obs. considered thought, observation; consideration, thinking carefully about. — siyla thinking that ..., keeping in mind that.... — etmek hi to think about (s.t.) carefully.
mülahazat, -ti (.— ..) obs. considered thoughts, observations. — hanesi blank space (on a printed form) reserved for one’s personal comments. — hanesini açık bırakmak colloq. to be unable at present to make a definite judgment about someone/something, reserve comment, mülakat, -ti (.—.) interview; audience. — yapmak /la/ to have an interview (with), mülayemet, -ti (.—..) obs. 1. mildness, gentleness. 2. (the degree of) looseness in the bowels (required for regularity).
mülayim                                            625
mülayim          1. reasonable, suitable. 2. mild,
    gentle. 3. (bowels) which are (properly) loose. *— çıkmak (for one’s bowels) to be (properly) loose, mülayimlik (.— ..) 1. mildness, gentleness. 2.
                                                                (the degree of) looseness in the bowels (required for regularity), mülazım (.—.) obs. 1. mil. lieutenant. 2. probationer, person undergoing unpaid, on-the -job training in a government office, mülhem obs. inspired, revealed by inspiration.
    —     olmak /dan/ to be inspired (by), mülk, -kü 1. real estate, real property. 2. obs.
    sovereignty, dominion; state. — sahibi owner of a piece of real estate, property owner, man/woman of property, mülki (.—) civil, civilian, of the civil service (as opposed to military). — amir head of a department or office within the civil service.
    —  idare civilian administration. — teşkilat department within the civil service.
Mülkiye formerly the School of Political Science (a part of the University of Ankara).
mülkiye the civil service.
Mülkiyeli formerly student in or graduate of the School of Political Science (of the University of Ankara), mülkiyet, -ti ownership, possession, proprietorship. — hakkı law property right, mülklenme acquiring real estate, becoming a man/a woman of property, mülklenmek to acquire real estate, become a man/a woman of property, mülteci (..—) refugee.
mültefit, -ti obs. given to paying compliments;
    attentive, courteous, mültezim hist, tax farmer, mültimilyoner (/....) multimillionaire, mültipleks (/..) 1. communications multiplex system. 2. multiplex (photogrammetric instrument), mümbit, -ti fertile, rich (soil), mümessil 1. representative, agent. 2. (student who acts as a) monitor, Brit, prefect, mümessillik 1. being a representative/an agent.
    2.    agency, firm run by an agent, mümeyyiz 1. examiner (who tests students that
    have been taught by another teacher). 2. formerly clerk in a government office who checked documents and papers for mistakes.
    3. law person who has reached the age of discretion.
mümin (/.) (Islamic) believer, Muslim, mümkün possible. — mertebe as ... as possible; insofar as it’s possible: Mümkün mertebe çabuk gel. Come as quickly as you can. Çaylar mümkün mertebe sıcak olsun. Bring us tea that’s good and hot. — olmak to be possible. —ü yok. colloq. It’s impossible.
mümtaz 1. distinguished, outstanding, select; preeminent. 2. privileged, special.
                                                                                          münebbih
 münacat, -tı (.— —) 1. fervent prayer addressed to God. 2. Ott. poet, poem written in the form of a prayer to God. münafık (.—.) 1. sower of discord, mischief -maker. 2. (s.o.) who sows discord, münafıklık (.—..) sowing discord, mischief -making.
 münakaşa (.— ..) 1. argument, dispute; wrangle; heated debate. 2. discussing the pros and cons of. — etmek 1. to argue. 2. /i/ to argue (about); to have a dispute (over); to wrangle (over); to debate heatedly. 3. /i/ to discuss the pros and cons of. münasebet, -ti (.— ..) 1. relation (between people/nations). 2. connection, relation; tie -in: bu münasebetle in this connection/in this regard/as regards this. 3. favorable occasion/opportunity. 4. reason; means: Bu münasebetle sizi tebrik etmek istiyorum. It’s for this that I want to congratulate you.
   5.    appropriateness, fitness, —iyle owing to, on the occasion of, because of: Ramazan münasebetiyle lokantamız kapalıdır. Our restaurant is closed because of the Ramazan fast. — almaz. It doesn’t befit the occasion./ It’s not the right time for it. —te bulunmak /la/1. to be connected with; to have relations with, have dealings with. 2. to have sexual intercourse with, go to bed with. — düşmek for the right occasion/moment to present itself/arise, —ini getirmek to find the right moment to say something. — e girmek /la/ to establish a relationship with, have dealings with, have something to do with. — kurmak /la/ 1. to establish a relationship with, have dealings with, have something to do with. 2. to see a connection between, perceive a relationship between, münasebetli (.—...) 1. opportune, favorable. 2. just right; appropriate; seemly. — münasebetsiz colloq. (doing s.t.) without considering whether or not it’s appropriate, münasebetsiz (.—...) 1. inopportune, unfavorable. 2. inappropriate; unseemly. 3. thoughtless; tactless, münasebetsizlik (.— ....) 1. inopportuneness. 2. inappropriate/unseemly action; inappropriateness; unseemliness. 3. thoughtless/tactless action; thoughtlessness; tactlessness, münasip (.—.) 1. fit, suitable, proper; advisable. 2. opportune; convenient. — bulmak/gor-mek /ı/ 1. to think (s.t.) proper, approve of (s.t.); to consider (s.t.) advisable. 2. to find (s.t.) convenient/opportune, münavebe (.—..) alternation, rotation; taking turns. — ile by turns, alternately, in rotation, münazaa (.— ..) obs. altercation, angry dispute, münazara (.— ..) formal debate, debate, münderecat, -ti (...—) obs. contents (of s.t. written).
                                                          münebbih obs. 1. stimulant, stimulative drug.
   2. stimulative (drug). 3. alarm clock. 4. bell of an alarm clock.
müneccim
 626
mürüvvetti
  müneccim astrologer.
  müneccimbaşı, -m hist, the chief astrologer of the Ottoman sultan, müneccimlik being an astrologer; astrology, münekkit obs. critic; reviewer, münevver 1. enlightened; intelligent, well-informed, and reflective; intellectual. 2. enlightened person; (an) intellectual, münevveran (...—) obs. enlightened people;
     intellectuals; intelligentsia, münezzeh /dan/ obs. unsullied by, untainted by, free from, münfail obs. offended; angry; indignant, münferit obs. 1. separate, discrete, individual.
     2. isolated, lonely, münfesih obs. 1. (law/treaty) which has been annulled/abrogated. 2. (institution) which has been abolished or done away with. 3. (assembly) which has been dissolved, münhal, -li obs. 1. vacant, empty (job/post/ office). 2. solved. 3. chem. dissolved. 4. chem. soluble, münhasır /a/ restricted to, limited to. münhasıran (./..) obs. only, solely, münkir 1. denier. 2. atheist. 3. (s.o.) who denies.
  müntahabat, -ti (...—) obs. anthology; chres-tomathy; selected writings of an author, müntahap obs. 1. selected, chosen. 2. choice, select.
  müntehip obs. elector, voter.
 ' münzevi (..—) 1. (s.o.) who lives in solitude; reclusive; hermitic. 2. person who lives a solitary life; recluse, hermit, müphem 1. vague, indefinite, uncertain. 2. ambiguous, equivocal. 3. in vague terms, vaguely. 4. ambiguously, equivocally, müphemiyet, -ti 1. vagueness, indefiniteness.
     2. ambiguity.
  müptela (..—) /a/ 1. addicted to. 2. in love with.
     3. afflicted with (a disease). — olmak /a/ to become addicted to.
  müptezel obs. 1. vulgar, common; ordinary. 2.
     cheap and plentiful, müracaat, -ti (.—..) 1. applying, application. 2. having recourse to, resorting to, turning to. 3. information desk/office; reception desk/ room. — etmek /a/ 1. to apply to. 2. to have recourse to, resort to, turn to. müracaatçı (.— ...) applicant.
 mürai (.-------) obs. 1. hypocritical. 2. hypocrite.
 mürailik (.--------.) obs. hypocrisy.
 mürdesenk, -gi lead monoxide; massicot; litharge.
  mürdolmak (/..) (for an animal) to die, croak, mürdüm bot., see mürdümeriği. mürdümeriği, -ni (./...) bot. damson plum, damson, Prunus insititiafPrunus domestica insititia.
  mürebbiye governess (of children), müreffeh obs. 1. comfortable, easy (circumstances). 2. prosperous, well-off, living in ease.
Mürekkep ink. — hokkası inkwell. — i kurumadan colloq. before the ink has/had dried, not long after the agreement has/had been signed. — i kurumadan bozmak III colloq. to break (a written contract/agreement) almost as soon as one has made it. — püskürtmeli yazıcı ink-jet printer. — yalamış colloq. (s.o.) who has had some education. 2mürekkep 1. compound, (s.t.) made up of several elements. 2. (a) compound. 3. /dan/ composed of, made up of. mürekkepbalığı, -m (../...) zool. cuttlefish, Sepia; squid, Sepia. mürekkepçi maker/seller of ink. mürekkepleme /i/ smearing ink on; getting ink on; blotting (s.t.) with ink. mürekkeplemek l\l to smear ink on; to get ink on; to blot (s.t.) with ink. mürekkeplenme becoming smeared with ink; becoming ink-stained; becoming blotted with ink.
mürekkeplenmek to become smeared with ink; to become ink-stained; to become blotted with ink.
mürekkepli ink-stained; blotted with ink. — kalem fountain pen. mürekkeplik inkwell.
mürettebat, -tı 1. ship’s company, ship’s crew.
   2. flight crew, mürettip obs. compositor, typesetter, typographer.
mürettiphane (...— .) obs., print, composing room.
mürettiplik obs. typesetting; being a typesetter, mürit disciple in a dervish order (who is serving his novitiate), mürşit 1. guide, pilot; mentor. 2. head of a dervish order, sheikh, mürteci, -ii (..—) reactionary, mürtet, -ddi/-di obs. apostate Muslim, someone who has renounced Islam, mürur (.—) obs. 1. passage, transit. 2. passage/ elapse/termination (of time). — hakkı law right of way, right of passage, müruriye (.— ..) obs. 1. laissez-passer, pass. 2.
   toll, fee paid for passage, müruruzaman (.—'...) obs. 1. law prescription. 2. law limitation (period of time). 3. the passage of time, the elapse of time, —a tabi law (s.t.) which is subject to limitation, —a uğramak law to become invalid with time, mürüvvet, -ti 1. joy (felt by parents when they see their child reach certain stages in his/her life: i.e. circumcision, getting a good job, marriage). 2. generosity. 3. obs. courage.
   —e endaze olmaz .proverb 1. Kindness and generosity cannot be measured. 2. Kindness and generosity have no limit. — etmek /a/ to be kind/generous (to), —ini görmek Iml
   1. to see (one’s child) grow up and do well.
   2. to live comfortably owing to the kindness and generosity of (one’s child).
mürüvvetti generous; kind.
mürüvvetsiz
627
müsteşrik
mürüvvetsiz ungenerous; unkind, mürver bot. elder, elderberry, Sambucus nigra. müsaade           permission. — etmek /a/ to
    permit, allow, let. müsabaka (.—..) competition, contest, müsabık (.—.) participant in a competition, competitor, contestant, müsademe (.— ..) 1. collision; clash. 2. mil.
    skirmish, minor engagement, müsadere (.—») law confiscation, seizure. — etmek hi to confiscate, seize, müsait (.—.) favorable, suitable; convenient, müsamaha (.—..) lenience, tolerance; indulgence; overlooking, disregarding. — etmek /a/ to be lenient with (s.o.); to overlook, disregard (an error/an erroneous action) (indulgently/deliberately), müsamahakâr (.—...) lenient, tolerant; indulgent.
müsamahakârlık (.— ....) lenience, tolerance; indulgence.
müsamahalı (.— ...) lenient, tolerant; indulgent, müsamere (.— ..) 1. show (put on by schoolchildren). 2.formerly program/concert/entertainment given at night, müsavat, -ti (.— —) obs. equality, müsavi (.— —) obs. equal, müsebbip obs. cause, causer; author; instigator, müseccel obs. (officially) registered. — marka registered trademark, müsekkin med. 1. sedative; tranquilizer. 2. anodyne. 3. (drug) which acts as a sedative/a tranquilizer. 4. anodynous. müselles obs. 1. triangle. 2. triangular, triangle -shaped.
                                                              müshil 1. (a) laxative, (an) aperient; (a) purgative, (a) cathartic. 2. (drug) which is a laxative/a purgative, müskirat, -ti (..—) obs. alcoholic beverages. Müslim formerly 1. (a) Muslim. 2. Muslim, Islamic.
Müslüman 1. (a) Muslim. 2. Muslim, Islamic.
    3. colloq. just and honest. 4. colloq. devout.
    —     Kardeşler the Muslim Brotherhood. — mahallesinde salyangoz satmak colloq. to sell refrigerators to the Eskimos. Müslümanlık 1. being a Muslim. 2. the Islamic faith, Islam, müspet, -ti 1. positive, affirmative, favorable.
    2.    proved, demonstrated, established. — ilimler the exact sciences, müsrif extravagant, prodigal, wasteful, spendthrift.
müsriflik extravagance, prodigality, wastefulness.
müstacel (.—.) obs. urgent, pressing, müstacelen (.— '..) obs. urgently, müstaceliyet, -ti (.—...) obs. urgency, pressingness.
müstahak, -kkı/-kı 1. /a/ worthy (of), deserving (of), meriting. 2. one’s just deserts, what one deserves. M—tır! colloq. It serves him/her/ you/them right !/He/She had it coming to. him/
    her! —mı bulmak colloq. to get what is coming to one, get one’s just deserts, müstahdem 1. person who works as a cleaner, messenger, or doorman in a government office. 2. temporary employee of the state (who lacks the privileges of a full-time civil servant).
 müstahkem 1. obs. solid, strong (building). 2.
   mil. fortified, müstahsil econ., com. producer, müstahzar factory-made pharmaceutical/chemical/cosmetic, müstahzarat, -ti (...—) obs. factory-made pharmaceuticals/chemicals/cosmetics, müstakbel 1. future. 2. obs. the future. 3. obs., gram, future tense, müstakil, -1İ/-11İ 1. independent; autonomous, self-governing. 2. detached/separate/self-contained (thing): müstakil bir ev a detached house.
 müstamel (.—.) 1. obs. used, in use. 2. obs. secondhand, used. 3. colloq. (woman) who is no longer a virgin, müstear 1. obs. borrowed. 2. obs. word used metaphorically. 3. classical Turk. mus. a makam. — ad obs. pen name, nom de plume; pseudonym.
 müstebit obs. 1. despotic, tyrannical. 2. despot, tyrant.
müstebitlik obs. despotism, tyranny, müstecir obs., law renter, tenant, lessee, müstehcen obscene; pornographic, müstehcenlik obsceneness, obscenity, müstehlik, -ki obs., econ., com. consumer, müstehzi (..—) 1. jeering, mocking; sarcastic.
    2. jeerer, mocker.
 müstemleke obs. colony (owned by an imperial power).
 müstemlekeci obs. 1. (nation) which possesses colonies, colonial. 2. colonialist, colonialistic.
   3.     (a) colonialist, müstemlekecilik obs. colonialism, müsteniden (./..) /a/ obs. based on (s.t.); relying
    on; banking on; using (s.t.) as a guideline/a guide.
müstenit /a/ obs. (s.t.) which is based on or supported by. müsterih (s.o.) who has been set at ease, whose worries have vanished. — ol! Don’t worry!
   —      olmak to be set at ease, müstesna (..—) l.#with the exception of, except for, excepted: Istanbul müstesna with the exception of Istanbul. 2. exceptional, extraordinary.
 müsteşar 1. permanent undersecretary in a government ministry. 2. counselor (in an embassy/a legation), müsteşarlık 1. permanent undersecretaryship; being a permanent undersecretary. 2. coun-selorship; being a counselor (in an embassy/ a legation).
 müsteşrik, -ki obs. Orientalist, orientalist, person versed in oriental subjects.
 müstevi                                            628
müstevi (..—) obs. 1. level, flat. 2. geom.
    plane (surface). 3. geom. (a) plane, müsvedde 1. rough draft (of a written work).
   2.  typescript; (typed/handwritten) manuscript (sent to a printer). 3. colloq. example of something at its worst: insan müsveddesi despicable example of the human species. 4. slang dopey, simple. — defteri notebook (used when writing quick notes or rough drafts).
müşahede (.—..) observation, observing, seeing.
   —   altına almak h! law to put (a suspect) under psychiatric observation. — altında under medical observation. — etmek h! to observe, see.
müşahhas obs. concrete (as opposed to abstract).
müşahit (.—.) obs. observer (as opposed to an official participant), müşavere (.— ..) obs. (mutual) consultation, müşavir (.—.) consultant, adviser, müşavirlik (.—..) being a consultant; consultancy.
müşerref honored. — olmak to be honored, feel honored: Müşerref oldum. It’s an honor for me to meet you. müşfik tenderly/compassionately kind; tender;
    compassionate, müşir (.—) obs., mil. marshal; field marshal, müş’ir obs., mech. gauge, indicator, müşirlik obs., mil. marshalcy; field marshalcy. müşkül 1. difficult, hard. 2. difficulty, problem, müşkülat, -ti (..—) difficulties, problems. — çıkarmak /a/ to make things difficult (for), müşküle (/..) a large, green grape. — üzümü see müşküle, müşkülpesent hard to please, fastidious, exacting, particular, fussy, müşrik, -ki 1. (a) polytheist. 2. polytheistic, müştak, -ki (.—) /a/ obs. (s.o.) who is longing/ pining for.
müşteki (..—) /dan/ obs. (s.o.) who complains (about/of), complaining (about/of). — olmak /dan/ to complain about/of. müştemilat, -ti (...—) 1. outbuilding; annex/ addition (to a building). 2. outbuildings; annexes/additions (to a building or buildings), müşterek, -ki 1. common, joint; combined, cooperative. 2. /arasında/ (s.t.) which is shared jointly between; /la/ (s.t.) which is shared jointly with. 3. partner: Bu işte müşterekiz. We are doing this as a joint effort.
   —   avarya naut., law general average. — bahis pari-mutuel (a form of betting). — duvar law party wall. — mülkiyet co-ownership, joint ownership. — sigorta coinsurance.
müştereken (./..) 1. in common, jointly. 2. as a joint effort.
Müşteri astr. Jupiter.
müşteri customer, purchaser, buyer, client. — avlamak colloq. (for a merchant) to try to lure in customers. — kızıştırmak colloq. to be a high-pressure salesman.
                                                                                               mütekabil
müşür obs., mil., see müşir.
müşürlük obs., mil., see müşirlik.
mütalaa (.— ..) .1. studying, reading carefully.
   2. considering (s.t.) carefully, thinking deeply about (s.t.), pondering. 3. (one’s) considered opinion. — etmek hi 1. to study, read carefully. 2. to consider carefully, think deeply about, ponder. — salonu obs. study hall.
mütalaahane (.— ..—.) obs. study hall, mütareke (.-—..) armistice, truce, mütayit (.—.) slang pimp, procurer, müteaddit numerous, many; several, müteahhit 1. building contractor, contractor; builder. 2. contractor, undertaker (person who contracts to provide goods/services to another).
                                                             müteahhitlik 1. being a building contractor, the construction business. 2. being a contractor.
   3.    job (undertaken by any sort of contractor), müteakiben (..—\.) 1. hi following, after: bunu
   müteakiben following this. 2. subsequently; afterwards.
müteakip (..— .) 1. subsequent, later; successive.
   2. hf following, after, mütebessim smiling.
mütecanis (..— .) obs. homogeneous; of the same kind, alike; of the same species, mütecaviz (..—.) 1. h! exceeding, over; (s.o./ s.t.) who/which exceeds. 2. aggressive. 3. aggressor, invader. 4. law rapist, mütecessis 1. nosy, prying. 2. very inquisitive, very curious, mütedavil (..— .) obs. 1. (money) which is in circulation. 2.fin. working (capital), mütedeyyin obs. devout, religious, müteessif very regretful, sorry, distressed, grieved. — olmak /a/ to regret greatly, be very distressed about, müteessir 1. saddened, depressed; hurt, pained. 2. affected; influenced. — olmak /dan/ 1. to be saddened (by), be depressed (by); to be hurt (by), be pained (by). 2. to be affected (by); to be influenced (by), mütefekkir obs. 1. reflective person, thinker.
   2.    reflective; meditative; pensive, müteferrik, -ki obs. 1. miscellaneous, sundry, diverse. 2. scattered, dispersed, müteferrika obs. 1. petty cash (cash fund used to pay for minor items). 2. area in a police station where suspects are temporarily held, mütegallibe obs. warlords, usurpers, mütehakkim obs. imperious, domineering, müteharrik, -ki obs. 1. /la/ powered by, driven by: elektrikle müteharrik pompa electric pump. 2. mobile, moving; movable, mütehassıs specialist, expert. — doktor medical specialist.
mütehassis moved, touched (with emotion).
   —     etmek hi to move, touch. — olmak to be moved, be touched, mütehayyir obs. amazed; astounded; dumbfounded.
mütekabil (..—.) obs. reciprocal, mutual, cor-
mütekabiliyet
629
Mv
   responding. — dava law cross action, mütekabiliyet, -ti                obs. reciprocity,
mütekait           obs. 1. retired on a pension. 2.
   pensioner.
mütekebbir obs. haughty, excessively proud.
mütemadi (..----------) obs. continuous; continual.
mütemadiyen              continuously; continually.
mütenahi (..----------) obs. finite, having an end.
mütenasip            1. /la/ proportionate to, com-
   mensurate with, in proportion with. 2. well -proportioned, shapely, mütercim obs. translator (who makes written translations), mütercimlik obs. being a translator, mütereddit hesitant; undecided; wavering; irresolute.
müteselsil 1. continuous, uninterrupted, successive. 2. law joint. — alacak a debt for which any of several creditors can demand total payment. — alacaklılar joint creditors. — borç a debt for which several debtors assume total responsibility. — borçlular joint debtors. — mesuliyet joint liability. — suç crime involving another crime, müteşebbis 1. enterprising (person). 2. entrepreneur.
müteşekkil /dan/ composed of, consisting of. müteşekkir thankful, grateful, mütevazı, -ıı (..—.) humble; modest, müteveccih /a/ obs. 1. aimed at, directed towards. 2. favorably disposed to, sympathetic to.
                                                                müteveccihen (../..) /a/ obs. in the direction of, bound for, headed towards, müteveffa (...—) obs. 1. the deceased, dead person. 2. the late, deceased, dead (person). • mütevekkil (s.o.) who has submitted himself/ herself to God (and therefore trustingly bears those hardships that come his/her way), mütevelli (...—) trustee of a vakıf, mutawalli.
   —      heyeti board of trustees of a vakıf, mütevellit /dan/ obs. caused by, resulting from, born of.
müthiş 1. terrible, terrifying; dreadful, awful.
   2.     terrific, frightful; unbearable. 3. strikingly beautiful, knockout; (s.o.) who is a knockout beauty. 4. amazing, astounding. 5. colloq. terrifically, frightfully, extremely, müttefik, -ki 1. ally. 2. allied. 3. in agreement, of the same opinion. M— Devletler hist, the Allied Powers, the Allies (of the Second World War), müttehit obs. united.
müvekkil law 1. client (especially a lawyer’s client). 2. person who charges another with a duty; trustor, müverrih historian.
                                                             müvezzi, -ii (..—) 1. distributor. 2. postman; person who delivers newspapers; paperboy.
   3.    newspaper seller, müzakere (.— ••) 1- discussion, deliberation, exchange of views. 2. recitation, oral test (in a school). 3. schoolchildren’s working together to prepare their lessons. — etmek 111 to talk over, discuss (a subject), —ye kaldırmak III to make (a student) stand up and recite (for a grade), müzakereci (.—...) formerly a junior teacher or student who helps students prepare their lessons.
müzayede (.— ..) auction, auction sale, müze (/.) museum.
müzeci (/..) 1. museum curator; museum employee. 2. founder of a museum, müzehhep obs. (page of writing) ornamented with gold, illuminated, müzehhip person who ornaments pages with gilt, illuminator, müzelik (.'..) 1. (s.t.) worthy to be put in a museum, museum (piece). 2. colloq. ancient, good-for-nothing (thing), müzevir 1. (s.o.) who stirs up trouble between people, who makes mischief. 2. tricky, dishonest; (s.o.) who is a swindler/a faker/a counterfeiter, müzevirlik being a mischief-maker; mischief -making. — etmek to stir up trouble (between people), müzeyyen obs. ornamented, adorned, decorated (thing).
müziç troublesome, annoying, vexatious, müzik music. — konservesi slang (phonograph) record, wax. — kutusu music box.
   —      seti music set. müzikal, -li 1. musical (thing). 2. (a) musical, musical comedy, müzikbilim (./..) musicology, müzikbilimci (./...) musicologist, müzikçi musician.
müzikhol, -lü music hall (place where musicals/ operettas are performed); vaudeville theater, müzikli (place/party) at which music is played, müzikolog see müzikbilimci. müzikoloji see müzikbilim. müziksever 1. music lover. 2. fond of music, music-loving, müzisyen musician.
Müzler the (nine) Muses, müzmin chronic (disease). — bekâr confirmed bachelor, müzminleşme becoming chronic, müzminleşmek to become chronic, müzminlik being chronic.
Mv chem. Mv (mendelevium).
N
      N 1. the letter N. 2. chem. N (nitrogen), na 1. colloq. Here, take the damn thing! 2. vulg. Ya! (accompanied by a rude gesture). 3. colloq. Look!/Do you see? 4. colloq. Here it is!/There it is! — kafa! colloq. I don’t have a lick of sense !/How could I be so stupid?
         —       sana! 1. colloq. Here, take the damn thing! 2. vulg. Ya! (<accompanied by a rude gesture). 3. colloq. Don’t you wish you had this?/Eat your heart out! (said tauntingly). naaş, -a’şı corpse, body, naat, -a’tı poem praising the Prophet Muhammad.
      nabız, -bzi pulse. — atışı pulse rate; pulsebeat. —i atmak to have a pulse; for one’s pulse to beat. — ma bakmak Iml to take (s.o.’s) pulse. — düşüklüğü weak pulse, weak pulsebeat. — ına girmek Iml colloq. to ingratiate o.s. with (s.o.), become (s.o.’s) fair -haired boy. -ına göre şerbet vermek Iml , colloq. to treat (s.o.) in a way that’s calculated to please him/her. — ını tutmak Iml see nabzına bakmak. — yoklamak to take some soundings, make some inquiries. — mi yoklamak Iml colloq. to sound (s.o.) out. nacak hatchet.
      naçar (— —) 1. helpless, powerless. 2. hope-/         less. 3. irreparable, incurable. 4. inevitably,
          of necessity, naçiz (—.) 1. humble (opinion). 2. insignificant, worthless.
      naçizane (—.— .) 1. humbly, with great modesty. 2. humble (opinion). 3. insignificant, worthless.
      nadan (— —) 1. rude, boorish; tactless, discourteous. 2. obs. ignorant, uneducated, nadanlık (—..) 1. rudeness, boorishness; tactlessness, discourteousness. 2. obs. being ignorant/uneducated. nadas 1. fallowing land, plowing land preparatory to letting it lie fallow. 2. land that has been fallowed and left uncultivated, —a bırakmak hi to leave (land) unsown because one intends to fallow it. — etmek hi to fallow (land) and then leave it uncultivated, nadaslık (land) which is going to be fallowed and left uncultivated, nadide (— —.) 1. rare and precious. 2. never seen before, nadim (—.) regretful; remorseful. — olmak /a/ to regret; to feel remorse (for), nadir (—.) 1. rare, uncommon, scarce. 2. rarely, nadirat, -ti (—..) rarities, rare things, —tan bir
   şey a rarity, a rara avis, —tan olmak to be a rarity, be something rare, nadiren (—'..) rarely.
nafaka 1. law maintenance allowance. 2. law alimony. 3. living, livelihood, the money upon which someone lives. — sim almak slang to get beaten up, get a thumping. — bağlamak /a/ law 1. to assign (s.o.) a maintenance allowance. 2. to order that (s.o.) be paid alimony. — sim temin etmek Iml (for s.o.) to provide a living for. nafakalanma being provided with enough money to live on. nafakalanmak to be provided with enough money to live on. nafia (—..) obs. public works. N— Vekâleti for-merly the Ministry of Public Works. N— Vekili formerly the Minister of Public Works, nafile (—..) 1. useless, vain, futile, fruitless. 2. in vain, for nothing, to’no purpose. 3. Islam supererogatory (performance of the namaz, fasting). N—! colloq. It’s no use! — yere in vain, for nothing, to no purpose, nafiz (—.) obs. influential; effective, nafta naphtha, petroleum naphtha, naftalin naphthalene; moth balls. — kokmak
   1.    to smell of naphthalene. 2. colloq. (for an idea) to be out of date, naftalinleme hi putting naphthalene among (woolens).
naftalinlemek hi to put naphthalene among (woolens).
                                                               naftalinlenme being treated with naphthalene, naftalinlenmek to be treated with naphthalene, nagant, -ti Nagant revolver (a handgun), nağme 1. melody, air, tune. 2. song. 3. mus. tone; pitch; timbre. 4. slang song and dance; lie; drivel. 5. slang whining, complaining.
   —yi değiştirmek colloq. to adopt a softer tone (towards s.o.). — yapmak slang 1. /a/ to give (s.o.) a song and dance. 2. to whine, complain, nah see na.
nahak, -kki (—.) obs. unjust, wrong; unjustified. — yere colloq. Unjustly, wrongfully, unjustifiably.
Nahçıvan Nakhichevan, nahif 1. emaciated, gaunt. 2. fragile-looking, delicate-looking (person), nahiv, -hvi obs., gram, syntax, nahiye (—..) 1. subdistrict (within an ilçe). 2. district; region. 3. anat. region. — müdürü administrative head of a nahiye.
nahoş                                             631
nahoş (—.) disagreeable, unpleasant, ugly, nasty. nail (_.) (s.o.) who attains/gains/receives. — olmak /a/ to attain, gain; to receive, naip (—.) regent; viceroy, naiplik (—..) 1. regency; viceroyalty. 2. being a regent/a viceroy, nakarat, -ti 1. mus. refrain, chorus, burden. 2. colloq. phrase/speech that has been worn out by repetition, the same old refrain, the same old thing, nakavt, -ti boxing knockout, nakden (/.) 1. in cash, in ready money; in the form of cash. 2. (paying cash) in advance, nakdi (.—) pecuniary, monetary, in the form of money. — ceza law fine. — kıymet cash value, monetary worth. — teminat law security given/possessed in the form of ready money. — yardım financial aid. nakıs (—.) obs. 1. negative (number). 2. minus, less. 3. below: nakıs üç derece three degrees below zero. 4. deficient, lacking; incomplete. — işareti minus sign, nakış, -kşı 1. embroidery, needlework. 2. formerly mural; fresco. 3. formerly miniature painting, miniature. 4. classical Turk. mus. a kind of song. — işlemek 1. to do embroidery, embroider. 2. /a/ to embroider. — işleri embroideries, embroidered things, nakışçı embroiderer; embroideress. nakışçılık embroidering, embroidery; being an embroiderer, nakışlama hi embroidering (a piece of cloth), nakışlamak hi to embroider (a piece of cloth), nakışlı 1. embroidered, ornamented with embroidery. 2. formerly ornamented with murals/a mural; frescoed, nakız, -kzı obs., law 1. quashing, overthrowing (of a court decision). 2. abrogation (of a treaty). 3. breach, violation. 4. contradiction, logical incompatibility, nâkil (—.) obs. 1. transporter. 2. narrator; re-later, teller. 3. phys. conductive. 4. phys. conductor. 5. anat. efferential. 6. anat. (an) efferent.
nakil, -kli 1. transporting, transferring, conveying, moving (s.t.) from (one place) to (another). 2. moving to (another residence). 3. transferring (s.o.) to a new post. 4. transcribing; copying. 5. translating. 6. telling, recounting (a story). 7. med. transplanting. 8. obs. something which one accepts on faith as being true, something which one cannot objectively or intellectually prove. — vasıtası transport vehicle; means of transportation, nakiliyet, -ti (—...) obs., phys. conductivity, nakisa (.—.) obs. fault, defect, failing, nakit, -kdi fin. ready money, cash. — akımı/ akışı cash flow. — bakiye cash balance. — bütçesi cash budget. — hesabı cash account.
    —      olarak in cash. — oranı banking cash ratio. — para cash, ready money, nakka slang passive male homosexual, queen, fairy.
                                                                                                       nal
nakkare (.—.) a small kettledrum used in mehter music, nakkaş formerly 1. muralist; frescoist, frescoer.
    2. miniaturist, naklen (/.) (s.t. broadcast/telecast) live. — yayın live broadcast; live telecast, nakletmek (/..) 1. /ı, a/ to transport (to); to transfer/convey/move (to). 2. /a/ to move to (another place). 3. /i, a/ to transfer (s.o.) to (a new post). 4. hi to recount, tell, nakliyat, -ti transport; shipping, freighting; forwarding (goods). — şirketi transport company; shipping company; forwarding company.
nakliyatçı person who operates a transport company; shipper, freighter; forwarding agent, nakliye 1. shipping charges, freight, freightage. 2. transport; shipping; forwarding (goods). — gemisi mil. transport; troopship. — komisyoncusu forwarding agent. — senedi com. waybill. — sınıfı mil. Transportation Corps.
    —     sigortası shipping insurance. — subayı mil. Transportation officer. — uçağı mil. transport plane; troop carrier. — ücreti shipping charges, freight, freightage, nakliyeci person who operates a transport company; shipper, freighter; forwarding agent, nakliyecilik the transport/shipping/forwarding business; being a transporter or forwarding agent.
nakşetme (/..) /i, a/ 1. engraving (s.t.) in (one’s mind/memory). 2. formerly painting (murals/ frescoes) on. nakşetmek (/..) /ı, a/ 1. to engrave (s.t.) in (one’s mind/memory). 2. formerly to paint (murals/frescoes) on.
Nakşibendi (...—) 1. (a) Nakhshibendi dervish.
    2.   Nakhshibendi, of the Nakhshibendis. Nakşibendilik (...—.) 1. the Nakhshibendi tariqat. 2. Nakhshibendi teachings and practices.
    3. being a Nakhshibendi.
nakşolma (/..) /a/ being engraved in (one’s mind/memory), nakşolmak (/..) /a/ to be engraved in (one’s mind/memory), nakzen (/.) used in: davayı nakzen görmek law (for a lower court) to reexamine a case (which has been overturned by a higher court), davayı nakzen iade etmek law (for a higher court) to send a case back (to a lower court) (after overturning the lower court’s decision), nakzetme (/..) hi obs. 1. (of a higher court) overturning, overthrowing (the decision of a lower court). 2. abrogating (a treaty). 3. breaking, violating. 4. (of one thing) contradicting (another), nakzetmek (/..) Ill obs. 1. (for a higher court) to overturn, overthrow (the decision of a lower court). 2. to abrogate (a treaty). 3. to break, violate. 4. (for one thing) to contradict (another).
nal horseshoe; oxshoe; shoe,(for an animal’s
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   hoof). — çakmak /a/ to shoe (a horse, any hoofed animal), —lan dikmek slang to die, kick the bucket, croak, give up the ghost, —mı sökmek için ölmüş eşek aramak colloq. to try to get something for nothing, nalbant horseshoer, blacksmith, Brit, farrier, nalbantlık horseshoeing, blacksmithing, Brit.
   farriery; being a horseshoer. nalbur hardware dealer, hardwareman, Brit. ironmonger. — dükkânı hardware store, Brit. (an) ironmonger’s, nalburiye (.—..) 1. hardware store, Brit, (an) ironmonger’s. 2. hardware (sold in a hardware store).
nalça 1. (U-shaped, surface-type) heel plate (attached to the heel of a person’s shoe. 2. horseshoe; oxshoe; shoe (for an animal’s hoof).
naldöken (a road) so stony that it’ll make a horse throw a shoe in no time flat, nalet, -ti (—.) colloq. 1. cursed, damned. 2. damned thing; damned person. — olsun! colloq. God damn him/her/it! nalm bath clog (usually worn in a hamam), nalıncı maker/seller of bath clogs. — keseri 1. clogmaker’s adz. 2. colloq. someone who always tries to exploit a situation for his/her own benefit. — keseri gibi kendine yontmak l\l colloq. to exploit (a situation) to advance one’s own interests, nallama /ı/ 1. shoeing (a hoofed animal). 2. ' slang killing, bumping (s.o.) off, doing (s.o.) in.
nallamak hi 1. to shoe (a hoofed animal). 2.
    slang to kill, bump (s.o.) off, do (s.o.) in. nallanma (of a hoofed animal) being shod, nallanmak (for a hoofed animal) to be shod, nam (—) 1. name: Nahit namında bir adam a man named Nahit. 2. fame, renown; reputation. —ına 1. colloq. in the way of: Sende akıl namına bir şey yok! You don’t have a lick of sense! 2. on behalf of, on (s.o.’s) behalf; in (s.o.’s) name, —mda named, called, —i altında 1. under the name of. 2. disguised as. —i diğer alias, otherwise known as: Hürmüz, namı diğer Kontes, palamarı çözdü. Hürmüz, alias “the Countess,” has flown the coop. — ı ile see namı altında.
    —     kazanmak to become famous, achieve renown. —a muharrer tahvil com. registered bond. — salmak colloq. 1. /da/ to become famous/notorious for. 2. /a or da/ to become well-known in (a place), namağlup (—' —.) obs. undefeated, namahrem (—..) 1. Islamic law (person) so distantly related (by blood or otherwise) that marriage with him/her is lawful. 2. (man) who cannot enter the harem (owing to his being a stranger or a distant relation), namalum (—' —.) obs. unknown, namaz Islam namaz, ritual of worship centered in prayer. — bezi headscarf (worn by a woman while performing the namaz). — ı bozul-
    mak ImJ for one’s namaz to become invalid. — kılınmak impersonal passive to perform the namaz. — ı kılınmak Iml for (a Muslim’s) funeral service to be held/to take place. — kılmak to perform the namaz. — seccadesi prayer rug. — vakti time of a namaz, hour of prayer, prayer time, namazbozan bot. a kind of fern, namazgâh open-air prayer place (usually an unroofed, stone platform), namazlık 1. prayer rug; prayer mat. 2. colloq. all the prayers and suras which are repeated when performing the namaz. 3. (period of time) which lasts as long as it takes to perform the namaz, namazsız (woman) who is menstruating, who is having her period, namdar (— —) obs. famous, celebrated, renowned, noted, name (—.) formerly 1. letter; love letter. 2. certificate/document/diploma/declaration/permit (used in compounds only, e.g. beyanname, şahadetname). 3. book/codex/digest (used in compounds only, e.g. seyahatname, kanunname). 4..long poem (used in compounds only, e.g. İskendername, Harname). namerdane (—.— .) obs., see namertçe, namert (—.) 1. low, base, contemptible, despicable. 2. cowardly. — e muhtaç olmamak colloq. not to be beholden to someone one despises.
namertçe (—/.) 1. in a low-down way. 2. in a cowardly way. namertlik (—..) 1. baseness, vileness, despicableness. 2. cowardliness.
Namibya (./.) 1. Namibia. 2. Namibian, of Namibia.
Namibyali (./..) 1. (a) Namibian. 2. Namibian (person).
namlı famous, renowned, celebrated, noted, namlu 1. barrel (of a cannon/a rifle/a handgun).
    2. blade (of a sword), namuhesabma (—..— ..) Iml on behalf of, on (s.o.’s) behalf, namunişan (—...) obs., used in: Onun namu-nişanı kalmadı. Nobody at all remembers that he once existed. Ondan namunişan kalmadı. No trace of it remains, namus (—.) 1. honor, integrity, probity, uprightness. 2. (a woman’s) virtue, chastity. — belası colloq. the trouble one gets into to protect one’s honor. — una dokunmak Iml colloq. to say/do something which touches (s.o.’s) honor; (for s.t.) to touch (s.o.’s) honor.
   —  sözü colloq. (one’s) word of honor, word.
   —uyla yaşamak colloq. to live an upright life, keep to the straight and narrow, namuslu (—..) 1. honorable, upright, high-principled. 2. (sexually) virtuous, moral (woman), namusluluk (—...) 1. honorableness, uprightness. 2. (a woman’s) virtuousness (in sexual matters).
namussuz (—..) 1. dishonorable, bereft of hon-
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   or; unscrupulous, unprincipled. 2. (sexually) immoral, unvirtuous (woman). 3. colloq. dishonorable wretch, rotten bastard, damned thing.
namussuzluk (—...) 1. dishonorableness; unscrupulousness; dishonorable action. 2. (a woman’s) lack of virtue, immorality (in sexual matters). 3. (sexually) immoral act, (an) immorality (of a woman), namünasip (—'.—.) obs. 1. unsuitable; inappropriate. 2. inconvenient, namütenahi (—'..— —) obs. infinite, boundless, endless, namzet 1. candidate, prospect; nominee. 2. colloq. fiance; fiancee. 3. /a/ (s.o.) who will soon be ...: O kız anne olmaya namzet. That girl will be a mother soon. — göstermek hi to put (s.o.) forward as a candidate, nominate.
namzetlik 1. candidacy, being a candidate. 2. colloq. being a fiance/a fiancee, engagement; time when one is engaged, —ini koymak /a/ to put (o.s.) forward as a candidate (for); to run for, Brit, stand for. nanay slang There isn’t ...: Onda mangır nanay. He’s flat broke, nane (—.) 1. bot. peppermint, Mentha piperita.
   2. bot. mint, Mentha. 3. mint tea (mint leaves boiled in water). — likörü creme de menthe.
   —     limon hot drink made with mint and lemon. — suyu solution of peppermint extract and water. — yemek colloq. to put one’s foot in it: Yemedik nane bırakmadı! He’s committed every gaffe in the book! Yediği —ye bak! Just look at what he’s/she’s done!/Can you believe he’s/she’s done this? (said of s.o. who’s committed a big gaffe, done s.t. quite brazen, botched s.t. up, etc.). naneli (—..) flavored with peppermint/mint; peppermint-flavored; mint-flavored; pepper-minty; minty, nanemolla (—...) colloq. 1. person who gets ill easily; person who tires easily; weak Willy, cream puff. 2. (s.o.) who gets ill easily; (s.o.) who tires easily; too weak, too delicate, like a cream puff, naneruhu, -nu (—/—.) essence of peppermint, peppermint extract, peppermint oil. naneşekeri, -ni (—/...) peppermint drop; piece of peppermint candy, nanik slang, used in: — yapmak /a/ to thumb one’s nose (at) (used for the actual gesture). nanizm med. nanism, dwarfism, nankör 1. ungrateful, unthankful. 2. ingrate, ungrateful person. — e iyilik etmek gülsu-yunu denize dökmektir, proverb Doing an ingrate a kindness is the same as throwing rose water into the sea. nankörlük ingratitude, ungratefulness. — etmek to act ungratefully, nannik slang mistress (kept woman), nanometre (../.) nanometer, nansuk nainsook (a cotton fabric).
napalm napalm. — bombası napalm bomb, napoliten Neapolitan. — şarkı Neapolitan song. Napolyon used in: — kirazı Bing cherry, nâr (—) obs. fire, (başını) —a yakmak Iml colloq. to make (s.o.) suffer; to bring suffering upon (o.s.). — ma yanmak Iml see ateşine yanmak, nar 1. pomegranate (the fruit). 2. bot. pomegranate, Punica granatum. — gibi colloq. (bread) which looks well-toasted; (meat) which looks well-roasted, nara (—.) yell, shout. — atmak/salmak 1. to let out a yell, yell (especially when drunk).
    2. (for a dervish) to shout for joy (while in an ecstatic state).
narbülbülü, -nü (/...) zool. European robin, Erithacus rubecula. narcıl 1. coconut (the fruit). 2. bot. coconut palm, Cocos nucifera. narçiçeği, -ni (/...) grenadine red, reddish orange.
nardenk, -gi astringent syrup (made from pomegranates, plums, or other fruits), nardin bot. nard grass, matgrass, Nardus stricta. narenciye (—...) 1. citrus fruits. 2. citrus trees.
    3. bot. Citrus.
nargile 1. water pipe, hookah, nargileh, narghile, hubble-bubble. 2. slang blabbermouth, person who can’t keep a secret, nargiller bot. Punicaceae. narh official price, fixed price (put on an essential commodity by a governmental authority). — koymak /a/ to put a fixed price on (an essential commodity), narin (—.) (person) of delicate build, slight;
    delicate-looking (thing), narinlik (—..) delicacy of build, slightness; delicate appearance, narkotik 1. narcotic. 2. (a) narcotic, narkoz narcosis. — vermek /a/ to anesthetize, narkozcu colloq. anesthetist, narkozitör anesthetist, narsis see narsisist. narsisist, -ti narcissist, narsisizm narcissism, narsislik see narsisizm, narteks arch, narthex.
nasbetme (/..) /i, a/ obs. appointing (s.o.) to (an office).
nasbetmek (/..) /i, a/ obs. to appoint (s.o.) to (an office).
nasıl (/.) 1. How?/How ...?: Nasılsınız? How are you? Eve nasıl gittin? How did you go home? Kahven nasıl olsun? How do you want your coffee? (e.g. Black?/With sugar?).
    2. What sort of ...?: Nasıl bir kumaş o? What sort of cloth is it? 3. how much, how:
    O  broşu nasıl istiyor, bir bilsen! If only you knew how much she wants that brooch!
    4. Did I hear you aright?/Are my ears deceiving me?: “Bu sözlük hiç bitmez.” “Nasıl?” “This dictionary will never be completed.” “Did I hear you aright?” 5. Just what
nasılsa
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    do you mean? (said threateningly): “Okan okula gitmeyecekmiş.” “Nasıl gitmezmiş?” “It seems Okan will not go to school.” “Just what do you mean?” 6. just as ..., so too ..., in just the same way: Türkçeyi nasıl öğ-rendiysen Çinceyi de öyle öğrenebilirsin. You’ll learn Chinese in the same way you learned Turkish. — ki just as ..., so too ..., in the same way: Nasıl ki ben acı çektim, sen de acı çekeceksin. Just as I suffered, so too will you. — olsa in any case; whether you want to or not, like it or not. — olup da ...? How on earth ...?/How could it be that ...?: Nasıl olup da bunu duymadın? How could it be that you didn’t hear about this?
nasılsa (/..) in any case, somehow or other, nasır 1. corn, clavus. 2. callus. — bağlamak
    1.    (for one’s foot) to get a corn (or corns) on it. 2. (for a part of one’s body) to get a callus on it, become calloused, —ma basmak Iml colloq. to tread on (s.o.’s) toes, touch a sore spot/point, nasırlanma 1. (of one’s foot) getting a corn (or corns) on it. 2. (of a part of one’s body) getting a callus on it, becoming calloused. 3. colloq. hardening (of one’s heart), nasırlanmak 1. (for one’s foot) to get a corn (or corns) on it. 2. (for a part of one’s body) to get a callus on it, become calloused. 3. colloq. (for one’s heart) to harden, nasırlaşma 1. (of skin) forming a com/a callus. 2. colloq. hardening (of s.o.’s heart), nasırlaşmak 1. (for skin) to form a com/a callus. 2. colloq. (for s.o.’s heart) to harden, nasırlı 1. (foot) which has a corn (or corns) on it. 2. calloused; which has a callus on it. nasihat, -ti (.—.) advice, counsel. — dinlemek to take advice, —ini dinlemek Iml 1. to take (s.o.’s) advice. 2. to listen to (s.o.’s) advice.
    —      etmek /a/ to advise, counsel. — istersen tembele iş buyur, proverb If you tell a lazy person to do a job, he’s/she’s sure to tell you either that it’s unnecessary or that it should be done in another way. — vermek /a/ to advise, give (s.o.) advice. — yollu 1. (s.t.) said/written by way of advice. 2. (saying/ writing s.t.) by way of advice, nasip 1. (one’s) lot, (one’s) share, (one’s) allotted portion. 2. that which is allotted one by God. 3. (one’s) daily allotment of food; (one’s) daily wage. — almak (for s.o.) to be initiated into the Bektashi order of dervishes. —ini almak /dan/ to get (one’s) share of (a good thing). — etmek hi (for God) to grant, will. — olmak /a/ 1. (for s.t. good) to be granted to, be vouchsafed to. 2. (for an opportunity) to come one’s way. — olursa .... God willing if God so wills, nasiplenme /dan/ benefiting from, getting tone’s) share of (a good thing), nasiplenmek /dan/ to benefit from, get (one’s) share of (a good thing).
nasipsiz 1. (s.o.) who has not been allotted/ granted a share of something. 2. luckless, unlucky.
nasiye (—..) obs. forehead, brow.
Nasrani (.-------) 1. (a) Christian, (a) Nazarene.
   2.  Christian, of the Christians.
naşi (— —) /dan/ obs. 1. because of, owing to. 2. (s.t.) which springs from, which is due to.
naşir (—.) obs. 1. publisher (of written material). 2. propagator, disseminator, naşirlik (—..) obs. being a publisher, natamam (—'..) obs. unfinished; incomplete, natıka (—..) obs. 1. the faculty of speech. 2.
   the ability to speak eloquently, natıkalı (—...) obs. eloquent (person), natır (female) bath attendant, nativist, -ti phil. 1. (a) nativist. 2. nativistic, nativist. nativizm phil. nativism.
NATO (/.) (abbr. for Kuzey Atlantik Paktı Örgütü) NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization).
nato (/.) slang, used in: — kafa numskull, idiot. — kafa, nato mermer! I/You don’t have a lick of sense!/He/She doesn’t have a lick of sense! natron (/.) chem. natron, natuk, -ku (.—) obs. 1. fluent; eloquent. 2. talkative, loquacious, natura (./.) (one’s) nature, (one’s) basic character/disposition, natüralist, -ti lit., phil. 1. naturalist, naturalistic. 2. (a) naturalist, natüralizm lit., phil. naturalism, natürel 1. natural. 2. innate, natürizm 1. a belief centered upon the idea that man should live in harmony with nature. 2. the belief that illness should be treated without using drugs, naturism. natürmort, -tu fine arts still life.
Nauru (./.) 1. Nauru. 2. Nauruan, of Nauru. Naurulu (./..) 1. (a) Nauruan. 2. Nauruan (person).
naval slang stupid, simple-minded, navar aviation navar.
navçağan bot. 1. downy thorn apple, Datura me tel. 2. morning glory, Ipomoea. navlun naut. 1. freightage, freight. 2. charter fee. — mukavelesi charter party, naylon (/.) 1. nylon. 2. polyethylene, plastic.
   3.  colloq. anything made of polyethylene (especially used of plastic bags and polyethylene containers). — fatura colloq. fake invoice. — gazete slang scandal sheet, sensationalist newspaper.
nayloncu (/..) colloq. peddler of polyethylene ware.
naz 1. coyness, coquettishness. 2. feigned reluctance. —a çekmek colloq., see naz etmek, —mı çekmek hnl colloq. to put up with (s.o.’s) whims. — etmek to feign reluctance, make a show of reluctance. — ı geçmek /a/
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   colloq. to be able to make (s.o.) do as one wants; to be able to get one’s way with.
   —ü nimetle büyümek (for a child) to be coddled and doted upon. —ü niyazla 1. with a great show of reluctance. 2. with a thousand entreaties. — satmak/yapmak see naz etmek.
nazar 1. look; glance. 2. the evil eye. 3. opinion: nazarımda in my opinion, —a almak /ı/ to take (s.t./s.o.) into account, take (s.t./s.o.) into consideration. — ıyla bakmak /a/ to regard (s.t./s.o.) as. — boncuğu blue bead (worn to avert the evil eye). — değmek /a/ for the evil eye to strike (s.o.), for the evil eye to cause (s.o.) misfortune. — değmesin, colloq. May misfortune not befall him/her/it! —i dikkate almak /i/ to pay attention to; to take (s.o./s.t.) into consideration. —ı dikkatini çekmek Iml to attract (s.o.’s) attention, —dan düşmek to fall from favor, —a gelmek to be struck by the evil eye. — ı itibara almak /i/ to regard (s.o./s.t.) as important, —da olmak to be in favor, be well regarded, nazaran /a/ 1. compared to, in comparison to.
   2. according to, in (s.o.’s) opinion, nazari (..—) obs. theoretical, speculative, nazariyat, -ti obs. 1. theories. 2. theoretical matters.
nazariyatçı obs. theorist, nazariye obs. theory.
nazarlık charm, amulet (used to ward off the evil eye).
nazenin (—..) 1. coy, coquettish. 2. pampered, coddled, petted. 3. of delicate build, deli-cate-looking. 4. pej. rascally, worthless; minxish. 5. pej. rascal, devil, son of a gun; hussy, minx, nâzım (—.) 1. regulatory, regulative, regulating. 2. obs., mech. regulator. 3. obs. regulator, arranger. 4. obs. writer of verse. — plan master plan (for regulating a city’s development).
nazım, -zmı 1. verse (as opposed to prose). 2.
   versification, nazır (—.) 1. /a/ overlooking, looking out on;
   facing. 2. formerly minister (of state).
                                                                Nazi 1. (a) Nazi. 2. Nazi, Nazist. nazik (—.) 1. polite, courteous. 2. of delicate build, delicate-looking (person); fragile, delicate (thing). 3. delicate (situation/task), nazikâne (—.—.) 1. polite, courteous (action).
   2. politely, courteously, nazikleşme (—...) 1. becoming polite, becoming courteous. 2. (of a situation) becoming delicate.
nazikleşmek (—...) 1. to become polite, become courteous. 2. (for a situation) to become delicate.
naziklik (—..) 1. politeness, courteousness. 2.
   polite act, polite gesture, politeness, nazir (.—) obs. 1. counterpart, parallel, equal.
   2. astr. nadir, nazire (.—.) a poem modeled after another
   poem in respect to both content and form.
Nazizm Nazism.
nazlanma 1. behaving coquettishly, acting coyly. 2. feigning reluctance.
nazlanmak 1. to behave coquettishly, act coyly.
   2. to feign reluctance.
nazlı 1. coquettish, coy. 2. (s.o.) who feigns reluctance. 3. coddled, petted. 4. (plant) which demands a lot of care; delicate (flower).
nazlılık 1. coquettishness, coyness. 2. feigned reluctance.
Nb chem. Nb (niobium).
Nd chem. Nd (neodymium).
Ne chem. Ne (neon).
*ne 1. What ...?: Ne dedin? What did you say?
   2. What a ...!/How '...! (used as an intensifier before adjectives): Ne biçimsiz bir masa! What an ugly table! Ne soğuk! How cold it is! 3. whatever: İlgaz ne yaparsa Yılmaz beğenir. Yılmaz approves of whatever Ilgaz does. 4. What ...?: Bu ne kutusu? What’s this box for? Yarın ne dersin var? What lesson do you have tomorrow? 5. used as an intensifier: Dün rüzgâr ne esti ha! Yesterday the wind blew like all get-out. 6. used to express approval/disapproval: Bu ne kıyafet böyle? And just what sort of getup is this? Bu dünyada ne anneler var! This old world has some pretty wonderful/awful mothers in it! —ler used to indicate a quantity of things: Daha neler var! There are more things yet to come! Neler öğrendin? What have you learned? —si used to show a connection: Sen Nimet’in nesisin? How are you kin to Nimet? O adam buranın nesi? What’s that man’s position here? (...) —sine? colloq. What on earth does he/she need ... for?: Otomobil onun nesine? What on earth does he need a car for? Altın kolye onun nesine? What on earth is she doing with a gold necklace? — akla hizmet ediyor? colloq. Why on earth is he/she doing such a thing? — âlâ! colloq. How nice! — âlâ memleket! What a fine kettle of fish!/ What a wonderful state of affairs! (said sarcastically). — âlem used to express a feeling of astonishment tempered with affection: Ne âlem adam! What a crazy guy! O kadın ne âlemdir bir bilsen! That gal’s a character, I can tell you! — âlemdesiniz? colloq. How are things with you? — alıp veremiyor? colloq. 1. What is it he/she wants?/What’s he/ she after? 2. /la/ What’s the problem between ...?: Onunla ne alıp veremiyorsun? What’s the problem between you and her? (...) — arar! /da/ colloq. (s.o.) is completely lacking in (s.t.).: Onda para ne arar! He’s never got two cents to rub together. (Burada/Ora-da) — arıyor? colloq. What’s he/she doing here/there ?/What does he/she want? — biçim used to show disapproval: Ne biçim adam yahu! What a jerk! Ne biçim sözlük! And this thing calls itself a dictionary! — buy-
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   rulur? /a/ colloq. l.What do you say to ...?/ What would you say to a ...?: Soğuk bir limonataya ne buyrulur? What do you say to a cold lemonade?AVould you like a cold lemonade? 2. What do you have to say to ...? (said tauntingly). — buyurdunuz? What did you say? — cam var ki? colloq. How can he/she do that? (He’s/She’s not got the physical strength.) — çare! colloq. What can one do?/It’s a hopeless situation. — çıkar? colloq. 1. What difference will it make one way or the other? 2. What’ll come of it? (Nothing!) 3. What can I/you expect to get out of it? — çiçektir biliriz, colloq., see Ne mal olduğunu biliriz. — de olsa nevertheless, nonetheless. — dedim de ...? Why on earth (didn’t I do s.t.)?: Ne dedim de sana haber vermedim? Why on earth didn’t I inform you? — demek? 1. What does it mean?: Bu ne demek? What does this mean?
 2. Just what does it mean? (said angrily): Dersi ekmek ne demek? Just what do you mean by cutting a class? — demeye ...? colloq. 1. Why ...?: Buraya ne demeye geldin? Why have you come here? 2. used when questioning the meaning of s.t.: O sözü ne demeye getirdi? Just what did she mean by that remark? —ler de neler, maydanozlu köfteler colloq. all manner of strange and outlandish things. — denir? colloq. What can one say?/There is nothing one can say.
 —  denli 1. ... how much .... 2. However much .... 3. My, how ...! — dersin? colloq.
 1. What do you think? 2. What can you say?/ There is nothing you can say. — dese beğenirsin? colloq. You’ll never guess what he/ she said to me ./You won’t believe what he/ she said to me ./Just guess what he/she said!/ Guess what he/she called me! — diye ...? Why ...?/For what purpose ...?: Ne diye ben gideyim? Why should I be the one to go? Ne diye gideyim? What’s the point in my going?/For what purpose am I to go? — ekersen onu biçersin. (Ne doğrarsan aşma,
 o  çıkar kaşığına.) proverb You reap what you sow. — fayda! colloq. What good can that do now?/What’s the good of it now?/ It’s too late for that now. (...) — gezer! /da/ colloq., see (...) ne arar! — gibi? colloq. What, for example?/Such as what?/Like what? — gibi ...? What sort of ...?: Ne gibi bir dernek o? What sort of an association is that? —ler gördüm! colloq. The things I saw!/I saw a lot, I can tell you! (...) — güne duruyor? colloq., said of s.o Js.t. whose usefulness has been overlooked: Onlar ııe güne duruyor? If they won’t be useful now, just when will they be useful? — günlere kaldık! colloq. Things have really gone to the dogs!/ Times have changed for the worse! — haber? colloq. How’s it going?/How’re you doing? (...) — hacet? /a/ Why ... have to ...?: Gitmeye ne hacet? Why do you have to go?
(...) — haddine! colloq. Just who is he/she to ...?: Bana öğüt vermek ne haddine! Just who is he to give me advice? — hali varsa görsün, colloq. He/She can go jump in the lake for all I care!/I leave him/her entirely to his/her own devices !/I wash my hands of him/her! — halt etmeye ...? colloq. Why in the hell ...?/For what god-awful reason ...?
—   hikmetse .... colloq. For some reason or other .../God only knows why .... — idüğü/ idiği belirsiz colloq. (s.o./s.t.) about whom/ which one knows nothing (and is therefore suspicious): Ne idüğü belirsiz bir gazete. Only God knows which side that paper supports! — ise see neyse. — kadar? How much is it? — kadar ...? How much ...? — kadar .... 1. ... how much .... 2. However much .... — kadar ...! My, how ...!: Ne kadar güzel! My, how lovely! — karın ağrısı. colloq. What a pain in the neck he/she/it is!
—   karışıyorsun? What are you interfering for? - ki see tfedir ki. —dir ki but, only, —me lazım, colloq. He/She/It doesn’t concern me. —me lazım, .... colloq. 1. What need have I of ...?/What good is ... to me?
2. I still think .../I don’t care about that; I still think ...: Neme lazım, iyi çocuktur. I don’t care about that; I still think he’s a good kid. — ne lazım? colloq. What’s it to you?/ Why are you interfering? — malum? colloq. How do you know?: Belki hırsızdır, ne malum? How do you know he’s not a thief?
—   mal olduğunu biliriz, colloq. I know what a bad lot he/she is A know just how no-count he/she is ./I’ve got his/her number.
—   mene colloq. what sort of: Ne mene şeydir o? What sort of thing is it? — mümkün! colloq. How’s it possible?/It’s impossible! — münasebet! colloq. That’s absurd!/That’s impossible! —yin nesi? colloq. Now just who is ...?/Now just what is ...? — olacak, colloq. What else can you expect? (from such a person/thing). — oldu? 1. /a/ colloq. What’s the matter with (him/her) ?/What’s eating (him/ her)? 2. What’s happened?/What happened?
—   olduğunu bilemedim, colloq. I was flabbergasted. — oldum delisi olmak colloq. (for s.o. whom fortune has recently smiled on) to begin to think he’s/she’s something special/really something. — oldum dememeli, ne olacağım demeli, proverb Instead of puffing yourself up over a past or a current success, have an eye to the future. — olur/ olursun! Please! (said imploringly). — oluyor? colloq. 1. /a/ What’s it to (him/her)?/ How does it concern (him/her)? 2. What’s the trouble?/What’s going on? 3. /a/ What’s happening to ...?: Sana ne oluyor böyle? What’s happening to you? — olur ne olmaz just in case. — olursa olsun 1. in any event, in any case, come what may, whatever happens. 2. whatever the consequences: Yüzünü bir dağıtayım da sonra ne olursa olsun!
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   Let me just smash his face in, whatever the consequences! — pahasına olursa olsun at any price, whatever the cost, at all costs. — satıyorsun? slang What are you talking about?/What are you going on about? —den sonra much later; long afterwards. — söylüyorsun? colloq. 1. Do you realize what you are saying? 2. Is that true? (...) — sularda? colloq. How’s ... going?: Davan ne sularda? How’s your lawsuit going? — şeker çiğnedi? What sort of claptrap did he feed you? (said sarcastically). — şüphe used in: Ona ne şüphe! Undoubtedly!/Without a doubt!/ Who can doubt it? —ye uğradığını bilememek colloq. to be knocked for a loop by an unexpected calamity, not to know what has hit one. — vakit? When? — vakit...? When ...? — vakit.... whenever ...: ne vakit oraya gitsek whenever we go there. — vakittir for a long time (now). — var? colloq. What is it?/What’s the matter? — var ki but, only.
   —  var, ne yok? colloq. What’s up?/How’s it going? — vazifen! colloq. What’s it to you?/How does it concern you? — verirsen elinle, o gider seninle, proverb You’ll be rewarded in the next world for the good you do in this world. — yalan söyleyeyim .... colloq. I won’t hide it from you; .../To tell you the truth, ...: Ne yalan söyleyeyim, yemekler berbattı. To tell you the truth, the food was awful. — yaparsm/yapahm/yapa-yim? colloq. What can you do?/There’s no help for it./There’s nothing that can be done.
   —  yapıp yapıp colloq. in some way or other, by hook or by crook. — yazık! colloq. What a shame!/What a pity! — yüzle ...? colloq. How can he/she have the gall to (do that)?: Ne yüzle bunu söyleyebilir? How can he have the gall to say this? — zahmet! What a lot of trouble you’ve gone to! — zaman? When? — zaman ...? When ...? — zaman .... whenever: ne zaman onu görsem whenever I see him. — zamandır for a long time (now). — zarar! colloq. What’s the harm in it?/What does it matter?/So what?
*ne used as follows: ne ... ne (de) .... neither ... nor ...: Ne çalışır, ne çalıştırır. He neither works nor lets others work. Bundan sonra ne Sarıyer’e, ne Marıyer’e hiçbir yere gitmez. After this she won’t go to Sarıyer, Schmariyer, or anywhere. — alandan ne satandan olmamak colloq. to be completely impartial, favor neither the one nor the other.
   —  altını bırakmak, ne üstünü colloq. not to leave any part of (s.t./a place) untouched/ unexplored. — aşkın/azgm ol asıl, ne şaşkın/miskin ol basıl, proverb, see Ne yavuz
   ol asıl, ne yavaş ol basıl. — balını isterim, ne belasını, colloq. It’s not worth all the trouble it’d cause me. — benden sana bazlama, ne senden bana gözleme, colloq. I’ll expect no favors from you, and you’ll expect none from me. — bilirim ne gördüm,
   deveyi yeden ölsün, colloq. If I’m asked about it, I’ll say I never even heard of such a thing! — çaldın yüzüme, ne çalayım yüzüne? colloq. Why should I help you out, seeing as you’ve never helped me? — dağda bağım var, ne çakaldan davam, colloq. I’ve no need to get involved in this, as it doesn’t concern me at all. — deveyi gördüm, ne deveciyi, colloq. I know nothing at all about it. — karanlıkta yat, ne kara düş gör. proverb Don’t do something that invites trouble, and you won’t have any trouble. — kızı veriyor, ne dünürü küstürüyor, colloq. He/ She knows how to say “no” gracefully. — kokar, ne bulaşır, colloq. He/She has no marked virtues or vices. — od var, ne ocak. colloq. They are so poor they don’t even have two sticks to rub together. — sakala minnet, ne bıyığa, colloq. He never becomes obligated to others ./He paddles his own canoe. — selam, ne sabah, colloq. They aren’t on speaking terms with each other. — sihirdir ne keramet, el çabukluğu marifet, colloq. This is the work of a sleight-of-hand artist. — Şam’ın şekeri, ne Arap’m yüzü/ zekeri, colloq. I don’t want to have any truck with him/it, even though I know he/it might be of use to me (or even though he/it has his/its good points). — şap oldu, ne şeker. colloq. Nothing’s been decided/Things are still up in the air. — şiş yansın, ne kebap. colloq. Let’s find a solution that’ll be agreeable to all concerned. — tadı var, ne tuzu. colloq. There’s nothing about it that’s attractive. At has nothing to recommend it. — yârdan geçer, ne serden, colloq. He/She can’t resign himself/herself to the loss of a friend, nor to the sacrifice he/she must make to keep her/him. — yavuz ol asıl, ne yavaş
   ol    basıl, proverb Be neither overly belligerent nor excessively mild-mannered, nebat, -ti plant.
nebatat, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. plants. 2. botany. — bahçesi botanical garden. — ilmi botany, nebati (.— —) vegetable, botanical. — yağ vegetable oil. nebevi (..—) obs. prophetic, pertaining to a prophet (especially the Prophet Muhammad), nebi (.—) prophet, nebülöz astr. nebula.
nebze particle, bit. bir — l.a tiny bit. 2. very briefly.
                              nece (/.) What language ...?: Nece konuşuyorsunuz? What language are you speaking? neceftaşı, -m (./..) rock crystal, mountain crystal, transparent quartz, neci used in: —dir? colloq. What’s his/her job?/ What’s his/her line of work?/What does he/ she do? — oluyorsun? colloq. What’s it to you?/Why are you sticking your oar in? nedamet, -ti (.—.) regret; remorse. — etmek/ çekmek/duymak/getirmek /a/ to regret; to feel remorse (for).
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nedbe med., bot. scar, cicatrix, neden 1. Why?/What for?/For what reason?/For what reason ...?/Why ...? 2. cause; reason.
    3. motive, —iyle because; because of, owing to: hastalık nedeniyle owing to ill health.
   —le used as: bu nedenle for this reason, because of this. — olmak /a/ to cause, be the cause of. nedenbilim (./..) etiology, nedenbilimsel (./...) etiological, nedense (./.) for some reason or other, nedensel causal.
nedensellik causality, causation, the relation between cause and effect. — ilkesi phil. principle of causality, law of causation, nedensi pretext, excuse, nedim (.—) hist, boon companion (of the Sultan or a person of high rank), nedime (.—.) 1. lady-in-waiting. 2. bridesmaid, nef arch. nave.
nefaset, -ti (.—.) excellence, superior quality, choiceness; exquisiteness; delectableness, nefer 1. person, individual. 2. mil. enlisted man, common soldier, nefes 1. breath. 2. puff, draw, drag (on a pipe/ a cigarette). 3. instant, moment. 4. breath which has healing power (and which is blown upon the sick). 5. poem sung by dervishes. 6. slang hashish, hash. — alamamak
    1. to be unable to breathe properly. 2. colloq. to be very busy, not to have time to catch one’s breath. — aldırmamak /a/ colloq. not to give (s.o.) a chance to catch his/her breath, to work (s.o.) very hard. — almak 1. to breathe; to breathe in, inhale. 2. colloq. to feel relieved, breathe freely. 3. colloq. to take a short break, catch one’s breath, take a breather, rest. 4. to live, breathe. — borusu anat. windpipe, trachea. — çekmek 1. colloq. to take a puff, draw, or drag (on a pipe/ a cigarette). 2. slang to smoke some hash.
    3. slang to have sexual intercourse, have sex.
    —i daralmak to have difficulty breathing.
    —  darlığı 1. shortness of breath. 2. path. dyspnea, —in elverirse borazancı başı ol. proverb If you think you can succeed in it, then go ahead and try to do something big.
    —  etmek /a/ to blow one’s breath upon (s.o.) (to cure him/her of an ailment), —ine güvenen borazancı başı olur, proverb, see Nefesin elverirse borazancı başı ol. —i kesilmek 1. to have difficulty breathing. 2. to gasp, catch one’s breath. 3. colloq. to be thrilled: O manzara karşısında herkesin nefesi kesildi. That view took everybody’s breath away. — nefese 1. panting for breath, out of breath. 2. in agitated haste. — nefese kalmak to be panting for breath, be out of breath. — i tıkanmak to have difficulty breathing, be out of breath. —i tutulmak 1. to have difficulty breathing. 2. to gasp, catch one’s breath. — tüketmek colloq. 1. to talk at very great length, talk until one is blue in
   the face. 2. to expend a lot of hot air for nothing, waste one’s breath. — vermek to breathe out, exhale, nefesleme /i/ blowing one’s breath upon (s.o.)
   (to cure him/her of an ailment), nefeslemek /i/ to blow one’s breath upon (s.o.)
   (to cure him/her of an ailment), nefesleşme slang sharing a pipe of hash, smoking a pipe of hashish together, nefesleşmek slang to share a pipe of hash, smoke a pipe of hashish together, nefesli 1. mus. wind (instrument). 2. (s.o.) who can hold his/her breath for a long time, long -winded. — çalgı mus. wind instrument, nefeslik 1. vent, venthole, air hole. 2. ventilator.
   3.  colloq. very short (time): bir nefeslik hayatı boyunca during his very brief life. Bir — canı kalmış, colloq. He’s/She’s got one foot in the grave ./He’s/She’s not long for this world.
’nefis, -fsi 1. real self (of a person); essence, essential nature (of a person/a thing). 2. the flesh, the body (as opposed to the soul). 3. one’s bodily appetites, the cravings of the flesh. 4. sperm, semen, —ine düşkün (s.o.) who indulges his/her fleshly desires, —ini körletmek colloq. 1. to gratify a fleshly craving. 2. to stave off one’s hunger (for food).
   —   mücadelesi struggle between mind and body; struggle between body and soul. — i-ne uymak to yield to the flesh, let one’s flesh get the best of one. —ine yedirememek /i/ colloq. to be unable to bring o.s. (to do s.t.). —ini yenmek to overcome one’s fleshly cravings.
2nefis excellent, of superior quality, choice; exquisite; delectable, nefiy, -fyi obs. 1. law exile, banishment. 2. denial, disavowal, repudiation; negation. — edatı obs., gram, negative particle, negative, nefret, -ti 1. hate, hatred; loathing; detestation; abhorrence. 2. strong dislike (of s.t.); aversion. — etmek /dan/ 1. to hate; to loathe; to detest; to abhor. 2. to have a strong dislike of (s.t.); to have an aversion to (s.t.). nefrit, -ti path, nephritis, nefroloji nephrology, nefron anat., zool. nephron, nefrotomi surg. nephrotomy.
nefsani (.------) fleshly, bodily, carnal.
nefsaniyet, -ti (.—..) obs. malice, ill will, enmity, neft, -ti naphtha.
nefti (.—) 1. (a) very dark green. 2. very dark green (in color), neftyağı, -m (/..) see neft, nefyedilme (/...) obs. 1. /a/ being exiled to; /dan/ being banished from. 2. being denied; being negated, nefyedilmek (/...) obs. 1. /a/ to be exiled to; /dan/ to be banished from. 2. to be denied; to be negated, nefyetme (/..) obs. 1. /i, a/ exiling (s.o.) to; /i,
nefyetmek
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    dan/ banishing (s.o.) from. 2. denying; negating.
nefyetmek (.%.) obs. 1. /ı, a/ to exile (s.o.) to; /i, dan/ to banish (s.o.) from. 2. to deny; to negate.
negatif 1. math., elec. negative (number/pole).
    2.   phot, (a) negative, neglije negligee (woman’s dressing gown).
nehari (.------) obs. 1. day (school/student). 2.
                                                                                             day student, nehir, -hri river.
nehiy, -hyi obs. 1. forbidding, prohibiting, prohibition. 2. psych, inhibition, nehyetme (/..) hi obs. forbidding, prohibiting, nehyetmek (/..) hi obs. to forbid, prohibit, nekahat, -ti (.—.) see nekahet, nekahet, -ti (.—.) convalescence, nekes stingy, tight-fisted. — le cömerdin harcı birdir, proverb, see Cömertle nekesin harcı birdir, nekeslik stinginess.
nekre obs. (person) who is good at witty repartee.
nekrofil 1. (a) necrophile, (a) necrophiliac. 2.
    necrophilic, necrophilous. nekrofili necrophilia, nekrojen biol. necrogenic, necrogenous. nekroz biol. necrosis.
nektar 1. nectar (of the Greek and Roman gods). 2. bot. nectar, nektarkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. sunbird, Nectarinia metallica.
neli What ... made of?: Bu pastalar neli? What are these cakes made of? nem 1. moisture, dampness, damp; dankness.
    2.   humidity. 3. dew. — giderici dehumidifier, dehumidifying device, —ini gidermek Iml to dehumidify. nema (.—) 1. growth; increase. 2. interest (on money).
nemalanma (.— ..) (of money) accumulating interest.
nemalanmak (.—..) (for money) to accumulate interest.
nemcil hygrophilous, moisture-loving (plant). Nemçe formerly 1. Austria. 2. (an) Austrian. 3.
    Austrian, of Austria, nemçeker (.'..) hygroscopic, nemdenetir (/...) humidistat, hygrostat. nemelazımcı (..— ..) colloq. (s.o.) who has an I-don’t-give-a-damn attitude, nemelazımcılık (..— ...) colloq. not giving a damn.
nemf 1. zool. nymph. 2. nymph (in Greek and Roman mythology), nemfoman 1. (a) nymphomaniac. 2. nymphomaniac, nymphomaniacal, nemfomani nymphomania, nemfomanyak 1. (a) nymphomaniac. 2. nymphomaniac, nymphomaniacal, nemlendirici 1. (s.t.) which humidifies/moisturizes; humidifying; moisturizing. 2. humidifier; moisturizer. — krem moisturizing
    cream.
nemlendirme hi humidifying, humidification;
    moisturizing; moistening, nemlendirmek hi to humidify; to moisturize; to moisten.
nemlenme becoming damp, gathering moisture, nemlenmek to become damp, gather moisture, nemletme hi dampening, moistening, nemletmek hi to dampen, moisten, nemli moist, damp; dank, nemlilik moistness, dampness; dank, dankness, nemölçer (/..) hygrometer.
Nemrut (/.) Nimrod (an impious king who is said to have cast Abraham into the flames), nemrut merciless and uncompromising, grim (person). — suratlı grim-faced.
Nemse formerly, see Nemçe, nen thing (any nonhuman thing which has weight and takes up space), neodim chem. neodymium, neogen geol. 1. the Neocene, the Neogene, the Neocene period. 2. Neocene, of the Neocene period, neolitik hist. Neolithic, neolojizm neologism, neomisin pharm. neomycin, neon (/.) 1. chem. neon. 2. neon tube. — lambası 1. neon light, light fixture or lamp made for a neon tube. 2. neon tube. — tüpü neon tube.
neoplazma (../.) path, neoplasm, neozoik geol. 1. the Neozoic, the Neozoic period. 2. Neozoic, of the Neozoic period. Nepal, -Pi (/.) 1. Nepal. 2. Nepalese, Nepali, of Nepal.
Nepalli (/..) 1. (a) Nepalese, (a) Nepali. 2. Nepalese, Nepali (person).
Neptün (/.) astr., mythology Neptune, neptünyum (..'.) chem. neptunium, nerde (/.) see nerede, nerden (/.) see nereden, nere (/.) What part of ...?/Whatever part of .../ Where ...?/Wherever .../What place ...?: Burası neresi? What place is this? Bu nerenin haritası? What place is this a map of? Neren ağrıyor? What part of you is aching?/ Where are you aching? Kitabın neresinde? What part of the book is it in? nerede (/..) Where?/Where ...?/Wherever ...: Onlar nerede? Where are they? Nerede oturursak .... Wherever we sit .... — akşam orada sabah, colloq. He/She is under/feels no compulsion to return to his/her own home, come bedtime ./He/She doesn’t appear to have a home; come bedtime, he/she just spends the night wherever he/she happens to be. — birlik, orada dirlik, proverb Where there is unity, there is peace and harmony. — bu bolluk? (Nerede bu yoğurdun bolluğu?) colloq. What makes you think this thing’11 be so easy to do?/It’s not as easy as you think! — hareket, orada bereket, proverb Industry (assiduous labor) begets plenty. —
nereden
 640
neticesiz
    ise see neredeyse. — kaldı ki how (in the world) can ...?: Bunu bile yapamazken nerede kaldı ki o işi yapasın? As you can’t even do this job, how in the world can you do that one? — ... nerede ... (... — ... nerede) How can you compare ...?/... can’t be compared to Hakan nerede, Tarkan nerede? You can’t liken Hakan to Tarkan! Şalgam nerede, gül nerede? How can you compare a turnip to a rose? nereden (/..) 1. Where ...?/From where ...?/ Whence ...?: Nereden geliyorsun? Where are you coming from? 2. ... no matter where ... from: Nereden gelirse gelsin. I don’t care where he comes from, nereden gelirse gelsin no matter where he comes from. — nereye! colloq. Who would have thought it could happen?
neredeyse (/...) 1. pretty soon, any moment, soon, before long: Nermin neredeyse gelir. Nermin’ll come pretty soon. 2. almost, very nearly, all but: Neredeyse kalkıp gidecektim. I nearly got up and walked out. nereli (/..) Where ... from?/From what place ...?: Nerelisin? Where are you from? Baban nereli? Where’s your father from? nereye (/..) Where „.?/Whither ...?/Wherever ...: Nereye gideyim? Where can I go? Nereye giderse gitsin. Let him go where he will, nereye giderse gitsin wherever he goes, nergis bot. narcissus; jonquil; daffodil, Narcissus.
nergisgiller bot. Narcissus. nesep ancestry, lineage, genealogy (usually refers to s.o.’s paternal ancestry). — i gayri sahih law illegitimate, born out of wedlock.
    —i sahih law legitimate, born in wedlock, nesiç, -sci obs., anat. tissue, nesil, -sli 1. generation (group of people). 2. line (of a family), race. 3. progeny, offspring. —i tükenmek for (s.o.’s) line to die out; (for an animal/a plant) to become extinct, die out. nesir, -sri prose (as opposed to poetry). nesne 1. thing (any nonhuman thing which has weight and takes up space). 2. gram., phil. object. — öbeği gmm. an object and its modifiers; objective clause, nesnel objective (as opposed to subjective). nesnelci phil. 1. objectivistic. 2. (an) objectivist. nesnelcilik phil. objectivism, nesneleşme objectification, being objectified, nesneleşmek to turn into an object; to become objectively perceptible, nesneleştirme objectification, objectifying (s.t.). nesneleştirmek /ı/ to objectify; to regard (s.o./ s.t.) as an object, nesnelleşme becoming objective, nesnelleşmek to become objective, nesnellik objectivity.
Nesturi (.-------) 1. (a) Nestorian. 2. Nestorian,
    of the Nestorians.
Nesturilik (.-------.) Nestorianism.
neşe gaiety, merriment; good spirits; joy. —sini bulmak colloq. to get in a happy mood, become cheerful, —si kaçmak colloq. (for s.o.) to cease to be merry, —si yerinde, colloq. He’s/She’s in good spirits, neşelendirme hi making (s.o.) feel merry, putting (s.o.) in good spirits, neşelendirmek hi to make (s.o.) feel merry, put (s.o.) in good spirits, neşelenme getting in a happy mood, becoming cheerful.
neşelenmek to get in a happy mood, become cheerful.
neşeli merry, cheerful, in good spirits; joyous, joyful.
neşesiz low-spirited, downcast, dejected, neşesizlik low spirits, dejection, neşet, -ti obs. coming into existence, origination; emergence. — etmek 1. /dan/ to originate from, arise from. 2. /da/ to be born in or grow up in (a place). 3. /dan/ to graduate from.
neşetli obs. (s.o.) who graduated in (a certain year).
neşide (.—.) 1. hymn, song. 2. Christ, canticle.
   3.    line of poetry that has acquired the status of a proverb. N—ler Neşidesi the Song of Solomon, the Song of Songs (in the Bible), neşir, -şri 1. publishing, publication (of printed matter). 2. communications broadcasting. 3. spreading, dissemination, diffusion, neşredilme (/...) 1. being published. 2. being broadcast. 3. being spread, being diffused, neşredilmek (/...) 1. to be published. 2. to be broadcast. 3. to be spread, be diffused, neşren (/.) through the publications media, in print; through the mass media, neşretme (/..) Ill 1. publishing. 2. broadcasting.
   3.    spreading, diffusing, neşretmek (/..) hi 1. to publish. 2. to broadcast.
   3.    to spread, diffuse, neşriyat, -ti publications, neşter surg. lancet.
neşvünema (.'..—) obs. growth, development.
   —     bulmak (for a living thing) to grow, net, -ti 1. clear, sharp, plain to the eye. 2. clear, plain to the ear. 3.fin. net (amount). 4.fin. net, net amount. — faiz fin. net interest. — gelir net income. — kâr net profit, netameli (.— ..) 1. sinister, (person/thing) to be avoided. 2. accident-prone, netice (.—.) 1. result, outcome, consequence. 2. conclusion, final judgment. 3. end. —de in the end. —sinde as a result of .... neticelendirme (.—....) hi concluding, bringing (s.t.) to an end. neticelendirmek (.— ....) hi to conclude, bring (s.t.) to an end. neticelenme (.—...) ending, coming to an end;
   /la/ resulting in. neticelenmek (.— ...) to end, come to an end;
   /la/ to result in. neticesiz (.—..) inconclusive; (activity) which
netleme
641
nifak
    leads to nothing, fruitless, netleme phot, focusing, focus. — camı focusing screen. — gereci focus magnifier, netlemek h/ phot, to focus, netlik 1. (visual) clarity, sharpness. 2. clearness (of sound).
neuziibillah (.—'...) (We take refuge in God.)
    God help us! nevale (.—.) food and drink, food, provisions, victuals. — yi düzmek colloq. to get some food together, obtain some provisions, nevazil (.—.) obs. cold, common cold, catarrh, nevcivan obs. young man, youth, neveser classical Turk. mus. a makam, nevi, -v’i 1. sort, kind, variety. 2. of (a certain) kind. —’i beşer the human species, mankind.
    —  ’i şahsına münhasır unique, sui generis, (s.o.) who is one of a kind, who is in a class all by himself/herself.
nevir, -vri the color of (s.o.’s) face. — i dönmek colloq. for (s.o.’s) face to go pale with anger.
nevmit (.—) obs. hopeless, despairing, despondent.
nevralji path, neuralgia, nevrasteni path, neurasthenia, nevresim case (made of sheeting, used to cover a quilt), nevroloji neurology.
nevropat, -ti 1. neuropathic. 2. (a) neuropath, nevroz neurosis.
nevruz Nauruz (a holiday celebrated at the vernal equinox), nevruzotu, -nu (..'..) bot. toadflax, butter-and -eggs, Linaria vulgaris. nevzat obs. 1. newborn child. 2. newborn (child).
ney nay, a reed flute (often used to play Mevlevi music). — üflemek to play the ney. neye see niye.
neyse (/.) in any case, at any rate, anyway; Never mind; ...: Neyse, biz işimize devam edelim. Never mind; let’s carry on with our work. Neyse, ben gideyim artık. At any rate, it’s time I was going, neyzen player of ney, nay player. — bakışlı colloq. (s.o.) who looks at you sideways with his/her head cocked to one side, nezaket, -ti (.—.) 1. politeness, courtesy; delicacy, tact, considerateness. 2. delicateness, precariousness, uncertainty (of a situation).
    —  kesbetmek (for a situation) to become delicate.
nezaketen (.—'..) out of politeness, as a matter of courtesy.
nezaketli (.—..) polite, courteous; tactful, considerate.
nezaketsiz (.—..) impolite; inconsiderate, nezaketsizlik (.-—...) impoliteness; inconsiderateness.
nezaret, -ti, (.—.) 1. supervision, superintendence, overseeing. 2. administration, direction, running. 3. surveillance. 4.formerly ministry
    (government department headed by a minis-, ter). — e almak /i/ 1. to put (s.o.) under surveillance. 2. to take (a suspect) into custody.
   —   altında 1. under surveillance. 2. in police custody. — etmek /a/ 1. to superintend, oversee. 2. to direct, run.
nezarethane (.—.—.) detention room/detention area (where newly arrested suspects are held).
nezih I: (s.o.) whose morals are completely above reproach, who leads a blameless life. 2. (place) which has a (morally) wholesome atmosphere.
nezir, -zri obs. 1. pledging (s.t.); vowing (to do s.t.). 2. something pledged; something one vows to do. nezle cold, common cold, catarrh. — olmak to catch cold, get a cold, nezleotu, -nu (./..) bot. pyrethrum, Chrysanthemum.
nezretmek (/..) /i, a/ obs. to pledge (s.t.) to, promise solemnly to give (s.t.) to; to vow (to do s.t.).
nezt, -zdi 1. presence (the place near s.o.): nez-dimde at my side/with me/before me. 2. according to, in the opinion of: generalin nezdinde in the general’s opinion, nıkris obs., path. gout.
nisfmnehar (/...) obs. 1. geog. meridian line, meridian. 2. midday, noon, msfiye a short ney.
nısıf, -sfi obs. (a) half. — ı daire semicircle.
                               —i kutur radius. — ı küre hemisphere, nışadır 1. sal ammoniac, ammonium chloride.
   2. ammonium sulfate, nışadırkaymağı, -m (../...) ammonium carbonate.
nışadırruhu, -nu (../—.) 1. household ammonia. 2. ammonia (as a gas).
Ni chem. Ni (nickel).
nice (/.) 1. Many a ...!/So many ...!/How many ...!/So much ...: Nice adamlar bu çölde son nefeslerini vermişlerdir. Many a man has breathed his last in this desert! 2. a fair amount of, rather a lot of: Nice zamandır onu görmedim. I haven’t seen him for rather a long time. — nice a great many. — senelere! Many happy returns of the day! (said to s.o. on his/her birthday or similar anniversary). nicel quantitative, nicelik quantity, niceliksel see nicel, nicesel see nicel.
niçin (.'.)/(—'.) Why?/What for?/Why ...?: Bunu niçin yaptm? Why have you done this?
                               nida (.■—) obs. 1. shout, cry, exclamation. 2. gram, interjection, exclamation, ejaculation.
   —   etmek to shout, cry out, exclaim. — işareti exclamation mark, exclamation point.
                               nifak, -ki discord, dissension, strife. — sokmak /aralarına/ colloq. to sow discord among.
 nihai
nihai (.-----) final, decisive; last. — karar law
   final decision, nihale        trivet; dish cross; hot pad; mat/
   tile (upon which a hot dish is set), nihavent (.—.) classical Turk. mus. a makam, nihayet, -ti 1. (.—.) end; conclusion; finish; termination. 2. (.—.) outcome, result. 3. (/—.) at last, finally; in the end. 4. (.—.) nevertheless, nonetheless, yet. — bulmak to come to an end, end. — e ermek to end, come to an end. — vermek /a/ to put an end to; to bring (s.t.) to an end, conclude, terminate.
nihayetlenme (.— ...) ending, coming to an end. nihayetlenmek (.— ...) to end, come to an end. nihayetsiz (.-—..) 1. endless, unending. 2. vast, boundless, infinite, nihilist, -ti 1. (a) nihilist. 2. nihilist, nihilistic, nihilizm nihilism.
Nijer (/.) 1. Niger, the Republic of Niger. 2.
   Nigerien, Nigerois, of Niger.
Nijerli (/..) 1. (a) Nigerien, (a) Nigerois. 2.
   Nigerien, Nigerois (person).
Nijerya (./.) 1. Nigeria. 2. Nigerian, of Nigeria.
Nijeryali (./..) 1. (a) Nigerian. 2. Nigerian (person).
nikâh 1. marriage ceremony, act of marrying, marriage, wedding ceremony, nuptials. 2. formerly the groom’s portion (given by the bridegroom to the bride). — ı altma almak hJ to marry, take (a woman) to wife: Onu nikâhım altma aldım. I took her to wife.
   —   dairesi marriage office, Brit, registry office, Brit, register office (government office which performs marriages). — düşmek for a marriage to be deemed legally,-permissible.
   —   etmek 1. /ı, a/ to marry (s.o.) to; III to join (two people),in marriage. 2. /i, a/ to give (s.o.) in marriage to. 3. h! (for a man) to marry. — ı kaçmak for a marriage to cease to be valid (because one of the spouses has done something improper). — ta keramet vardır, proverb Don’t worry about being mismatched; get married and you’ll see that everything will work out fine. — kıymak to perform a marriage ceremony. — şahidi person who acts as a witness at a marriage.
   —   şekeri small parcel of candy (usually sugared almonds) given to the guests at a wedding. — tazelemek Islam to get married again (after having divorced).
nikâhlama 1. /ı, a/ marrying (s.o.) to; III joining (two people) in marriage. 2. /i, a/ giving (s.o.) in marriage to. 3. hi (of a man) marrying (a girl/a woman), nikâhlamak 1. /ı, a/ to marry (s.o.) to; hi to join (two people) in marriage. 2. /i, a/ to give (s.o.) in marriage to. 3. hi (for a man) to marry.
nikâhlanma getting married; /a or la/ marrying (s.o.).
nikâhlanmak to get married; /a or la/ to marry
642                                                  nispet
    (s.o.).
nikâhlı 1. married, wedded. 2. husband; wife (used of spouses who have wed but not yet begun to live together). 3. (living together) in a lawfully wedded state, as lawfully wedded man and wife, nikâhsız 1. unmarried, unwed. 2. (living together) without being married.
Nikaragua 1. Nicaragua. 2. Nicaraguan, of Nicaragua.
NikaragualI 1. (a) Nicaraguan. 2. Nicaraguan (person).
nikbin 1. optimistic. 2. (an) optimist, nikbinlik optimism.
nikel 1. chem. nickel. 2. nickel, made of nickel.
    —  kaplı nickel-plated. — nitrat chem. nickel nitrate.
nikelaj 1. nickeling, plating (s.t.) with nickel.
    2.    nickel plate, nikotin nicotine, nikris obs., path., see nıkris, nikriz classical Turk. mus. a makam.
Nil the Nile. — mikyası the Nilometer. nil 1. indigo (the dye). 2. bot. indigo plant, Indigofera tinctoria. nilüfer bot. water lily, Nymphaea. nilüfergiller bot. Nymphaeaceae. nim (—) obs. 1. half; semi-; partially, partly. 2.
^ (a) half, nimbus (/.) nimbus, rain cloud, nimet, -ti (—.) 1. (Godsent) blessing. 2. bread, the staff of life; food. 3. (a) kindness, (a) favor. — i ayağıyla tepmek colloq. to ignore an opportunity that has come one’s way; to refuse to take advantage of an opportunity that has come one’s way. —ini yemek Iml colloq. to be the object of (s.o.’s) kindness, nimetşinas (—...) obs. grateful, appreciative, nimresmi (—.—) obs. 1. semiofficial, half official. 2. someone whose status/authority is semiofficial, nine 1. grandmother, granny. 2. old woman, ninni lullaby. — söylemek to sing a lullaby, nipel nipple (used for coupling pipes), nirengi land surveying triangulation, nisai (.— —) gynecological, nisaiye (.— ..) 1. gynecology. 2. ward for gynecological patients, nisaiyeci (.—...) gynecologist, nisan (—.) April. — yağar sap olur, mayıs yağar çeç olur, proverb Rain in April is good for the stalks, whereas rain in May is good for the ears of grain. — yağmuru, altm araba, gümüş tekerlek, proverb Rain in April brings the farmer prosperity, nisanbalığı, -m (—/...) April fool (joke played on April Fools’ Day), nisap quorum.
nispet, -ti 1. proportion, ratio; rate: ölüm nispeti death rate. 2. relationship, relation. 3. spite; spiteful action. 4. /a/ just to spite ...: ona nispet just to spite him. — le /a/ compared to, in comparison to; in proportion to. — et-
nispetçi
   mek 1. /a/ to do/say something to (s.o.) out of spite. 2. /i, la/ to compare (s.o./s.t.) to. — vermek/yapmak /a/ to do/say something to (s.o.) out of spite, nispetçi spiteful.
                                                            nispeten (/..) 1. /a/ compared to, in comparison to. 2. relatively, comparatively, nispi (.—) 1. relative (concept/term). 2. relative , comparative. 3. proportional, determined with reference to proportions: nispi temsil pol. proportional representation, nişaburek (.— ..) classical Turk. mus. a makam, nişan 1. sign, mark, indication, token. 2. target.
   3.    decoration, medal, order. 4. engagement, betrothal. 5. engagement ceremony; engagement party. — almak 1. /a/ to take aim (at), aim (at). 2. to receive a decoration, get a medal. — atmak to shoot at a target. — halkası colloq. engagement ring. — koymak /ı or a/ colloq. to make a mental note of, keep (s.t.) in mind. — takmak 1. (for an engaged couple) to give each other engagement rings; /a/ to put an engagement ring on (s.o.’s finger). 2. /a/ to pin a medal/a decoration on (s.o.). — vermek /a/ to bestow a medal/a decoration on. — yapmak to have an engagement ceremony; to have an engagement party. — yüzüğü engagement ring, nişancı marksman, nişancılık marksmanship, nişane (.—.) sign, mark, nişangâh 1. rear sight (of a gun). 2. target, nişanlama 1. /ı, la/ engaging/betrothing/affiancing (s.o.) to. 2. /a/ taking aim at; /i, a/ aiming (one’s weapon) at. 3. /i/ marking, nişanlamak 1. /ı, la/ to engage/betroth/affiance (s.o.) to. 2. /a/ to take aim at; /i, a/ to aim (one’s weapon) at. 3. /i/ to mark, nişanlanma 1. engagement, betrothal, becoming engaged. 2. being marked, nişanlanmak 1. to get engaged. 2. to be marked, nişanlı 1. engaged to be married. 2. fiance; fiancee.
nişanlılık engagement, being engaged, nişasta (./.) 1. cornstarch. 2. chem. starch, amylum. — buğdayı bot. amelcom, emmer, Triticum sativum dicoccum. nite (/.) archaic How?/How ...? nitekim (/..) just as ...; in the same way ..., likewise ...: Ben anlayamadım, nitekim sen de anlamış değilsin. Just as I didn’t understand it, neither did you. Kardeşine onu öğrettim. Nitekim ona da öğreteceğim. I taught it to her brother. Likewise Pm going to teach it to her. nitel qualitative.
                                                            niteleme qualification. — belirteci gram, adverb of manner, adverb of quality. — sıfatı gram, descriptive adjective, adjective of quality. — zarfı gram., see niteleme belirteci, nitelemek lıl 1. to characterize, describe. 2.
   gram, to modify, qualify, nitelendirme /ı/ characterizing, characterization,
643                                                niyetli
         describing, description, nitelendirmek /ı/ to characterize, describe, nitelenme 1. being characterized, being described. 2. gram, being modified, nitelenmek 1. to be characterized, be described.
         2. gram, to be modified, nitelik quality; attribute, characteristic. — katsayısı phys. quality factor, nitelikli 1. of high quality, of superior quality. 2. of (a certain) quality: üstün nitelikli of superior quality. 3. skilled (worker), niteliksel qualitative.
      niteliksiz 1. poor in quality, of inferior quality.
         2.     unskilled (worker), nitesel see niteliksel.
      nitrat, -ti chem. nitrate. — giderme denitrification, nitratin chem. nitratine, nitrikasit (./..) chem. nitric acid, nitrogliserin (/....) chem. nitroglycerin, nitroglycerine, nitrojen chem. nitrogen, nitroselüloz (/....) chem. nitrocellulose, cellulose nitrate.
      Niue (./.) 1. Niue. 2. Niuean, of Niue.
      Niueli (./..) 1. (a) Niuean. 2. Niuean (person), niyabet, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. regency; viceroyalty.
         2.     being a regent/a viceroy. — etmek /a/ to act as regent/viceroy (for), niyaz pleading, entreaty, supplication. — etmek /ı/ to plead for (s.t.); /a/ to plead with (s.o.). niye Why?/What for?/Why ...?: Niye gelmedin?
         Why didn’t you come? niyet, -ti 1. intention, intent, purpose. 2. Islam repetition of a formula whereby one avows one’s intention to perform a religious act. 3. a fortune written on a slip of paper, —ini bozmak to change one’s mind. — i bozuk olmak Iml colloq. to have something no -good in mind; to have some mischief up one’s sleeve. — çektirmek /a/ to make (a bird/a rabbit) draw a slip of paper with a fortune written on it. — etmek /a/ to intend, mean, aim, plan (to do s.t.). — hayır, akıbet hayır, proverb A project which is embarked upon with good intentions is one which will end in success. — kuyusu wishing well. — tutmak 1. to concentrate one’s thoughts on the matter about which one hopes to learn something (done while consulting a fortuneteller). 2. to wish for something to turn out in a certain way (when drawing lots, observing a contest), niyetçi person who, in return for money, will let his bird/rabbit draw a slip of paper that has a fortune written on it. niyetlenme /a/ intending, meaning, aiming, planning (to do s.t.). niyetlenmek /a/ to intend, mean, aim, plan (to do s.t.).
      niyetli 1. /a/ (s.o.) who intends (to do s.t.). 2. (s.o.) who intends to fast/who is fasting (during Ramazan).
niyobyum
 644
normalleşmek
niyobyum (..'.) chem. niobium, niza, -aı (.—) obs. quarrel; dispute, nizam 1. order, arrangement, structure, organization; system, method. 2. rule, regulation; law. —a sokmak/koymak hf to put (s.t.) in order.
nizamen (.—'.) obs. 1. in the proper way, properly. 2. according to the rules; according to the laws.
nizami (.------) obs. 1. legal; regulatory, regu-
   lative. 2. orderly/systematic/methodical (arrangement).
nizamiye (.—..) the regular army of the Ottoman Empire. — kapısı the main gate (of an army post).
nizamlı 1. orderly, organized, structured; systematic, methodical. 2. legal, lawful, nizamname (..—.) law 1. regulations (governing an organization). 2. regulation, regulatory decision, nizamsız 1. disorganized, disordered; unsystematic. 2. illegal, unlawful, nizamsızlık 1. disorder, disorganization; lack of system/method. 2. illegality, unlawfulness. No chem. No (nobelium).
No. (abbr. for Numara) No. (Number), nobelyum (./.) chem. nobelium. nobran rude, churlish, harsh and insensitive to the feelings of others, nobranlık rudeness, churlishness, noda prov. haystack (the top of which is covered with earth).
                                                             nodul prov. spike (on the end of an oxgoad). nodullama prov. 1. Ill goading (an ox). 2. /i, a/ trying to force (s.o.) (to do a job), nodullamak prov. 1. hi to goad (an ox). 2. /i, a/ to try to force (s.o.) (to do a job), nodullanma prov. 1. (of an ox) being goaded.
   2.     /a/ being forced (to do s.t.). nodullanmak prov. 1. (for an ox) to be goaded.
   2. /a/ to be forced (to do s.t.).
                                                             Noel Christmas. — ağacı Christmas tree. — Baba Santa Claus, Brit. Father Christmas, nohudi (.— —) 1. (a) light, brownish yellow.
   2.     of a light, brownish yellow color, buff -colored, manila. nohut bot. chickpea, garbanzo, Cicer arietinum.
   —      oda, bakla sofa, colloq. It’s hardly big enough to turn around in (said of a house that's very small). nohutlu (s.t.) which has chickpeas in it. nokra warbles (myiasis caused by warble flies), noksan 1. lacking, wanting, missing; incomplete, unfinished. 2. imperfect; deficient. 3. unfinished/incomplete part. 4. defect, deficiency; shortcoming. 5. lack, want, noksanlık 1. unfinished/incomplete part. 2. defect, deficiency; shortcoming. 3. lack, want, noksansız 1. complete, not lacking in any way.
   2.     perfect, flawless, nokta 1. point, dot. 2. spot, speck. 3. math. point. 4. punctuation period, Brit, full stop.
   5. place, spot. 6. point, item, particular (under
   discussion). 7. point (along a road where a policeman/a soldier is always to be found).
   —   kaynağı 1. spot welding. 2. (a) spot-weld.
   —   kaynağı yapmak /a/ to spot-weld. — koymak /a/ 1. to put a period/a dot. 2. to finish, wind (s.t.) up. — i nazar obs., see noktainazar, —sı noktasına exactly, completely; in every way. — olmak slang 1. to beat it, get lost. 2. (for a dope-taker) to be so high he/she can’t move a muscle. — vu-ruşlu yazıcı comp, dot-matrix printer.
noktacı 1. (a) pointillist. 2. pointillistic. noktacılık pointillism, pointillisme. noktainazar (./...) obs. point of view, viewpoint; standpoint, noktalama hi 1. dotting, marking (s.t.) with dots/a dot. 2. punctuating, punctuation. 3. ending, bringing (s.t.) to an end. — işaretleri punctuation marks, noktalamak hi 1. to dot, mark (s.t.) with dots/ a dot. 2. to punctuate. 3. to end, bring (s.t.) to an end.
noktalanma 1. being dotted, being marked with dots/a dot. 2. being punctuated. 3. ending, coming to an end. noktalanmak 1. to be dotted, be marked with dots/a dot. 2. to be punctuated. 3. to end, come to an end. noktalı dotted (letter/cloth); (sentence) which is set off by a period. — damarlar bot. veins which are marked by slight concavities. — virgül semicolon, noktasız undotted (letter/cloth); (sentence) which isn’t set off by a period, noktürn mus. nocturne, nomenklatür nomenclature, nominal fin. nominal. — değer nominal value, par value, face value. — fiyat nominal price, nominalist, -ti phil. 1. (a) nominalist. 2. nomi-nalistic. nominalizm phil. nominalism, nominatif gram. 1. nominative, in the nominative case. 2. the nominative, the nominative case.
nomografi nomography, the theory, making, and use of nomograms, nonfigüratif (/....) nonfigurative, nonobjective, nonrepresentational. — sanat nonfigurative art.
nonkonformist, -ti 1. (a) nonconformist. 2. nonconformist, nonkonformizm nonconformism, nonoş little darling, lamb, sweet thing (term of endearment). norm norm.
normal, -li 1. normal. 2. math, (a) perpendicular, (a) normal, normalaltı, -m (./..) math, (a) subnormal, normalite normality.
normalleşme becoming normal, getting back to normal.
normalleşmek to become normal, get back to normal.
normatif
645
nursuz
normatif normative.
Norveç (/.) 1. Norway. 2. Norwegian, of Norway.
Norveççe (./.) 1. Norwegian, Norse, the Norwegian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Norwegian, Norwegian. 3. Norwegian (speech/ writing); spoken in Norwegian; written in Norwegian.
Norveçli (/..) 1. (a) Norwegian. 2. Norwegian (person), nostalji nostalgia, nostaljik nostalgic, nosyon concept, idea, notion, not, -tu 1. note; memorandum; minute. 2. mark, grade (in school). — almak 1. to make notes.
   2. to get a grade. — atmak /a/ to put a grade on (an exam/a piece of work). — düşmek colloq. to write down a note. — etmek l\l to note (s.t.) down. —unu.kırmak Iml to lower (s.o.’s) grade. — tutmak to take notes.
   —     vermek /a/ 1. to give a grade (to). 2. colloq. to pass judgment on. —unu vermek Iml colloq. to decide that (s.o.) is no-good/ no-count/a bad egg. nota (/.) 1. (musical) note; piece of written music. 2. diplomatic note, noter notary public, notary, noterlik 1. notary public’s office (the building).
   2.    work of a notary public; notaryship, nova astr. nova.
nöbet, -ti 1. turn (of duty). 2. shift (scheduled period of work); watch (of a sentry). 3. time: iki nöbet twice. 4. attack/fit/paroxysm/sei-zure (caused by a recurrent disease). — beklemek 1. to await one’s turn. 2. to be on duty. 3. to stand guard; to keep watch, watch. — çizelgesi roster (showing to whom shifts are assigned); mil. guard roster. — gelmek to have a seizure/an attack. — hizmeti mil. guard duty. — tutmak 1. to be on duty.
   2.    to stand guard; to keep watch, watch, nöbetçi 1. person on duty. 2. sentry, sentinel; watchman. 3. (s.o.) who is on duty. — eczane pharmacy whose turn it is to be open at night or during a holiday. — kulübesi sentry box. — subay duty officer; officer of the day; officer of the guard, nöbetçilik 1. being on duty. 2. being a sentry/a watchman.
nöbetleşe (doing s.t.) by turns, in rotation, turn and turn about, nöbetşekeri, -ni           a crystallized  sugar
   thought to have medicinal properties, nörofizyoloji neurophysiology, nöroliz path, neurolysis, nörolog neurologist.
nöroloji 1. neurology. 2. department of neurology (in a hospital), nöron neuron, nörotik neurotic.
nötr 1. chem., elec. neutral. 2. gram, neuter, (a word) that is neither masculine nor feminine. 3. neutral, indifferent.
nötralize used in: — etmek hi to neutralize, nötrleme hi chem. neutralizing, nötrlemek hi chem. to neutralize, nötrleşme chem. becoming neutral, nötrleşmek chem. to become neutral, nötron phys. neutron. — bombası neutron bomb. — çevrimi neutron cycle, nötür see nötr.
Np chem. Np (neptunium), nuar butchery round of beef.
Nuh Noah. — der, peygamber demez, colloq. He’s/She’s as stubborn as a mule ./He’s/She’s as stubborn as they come. —’un gemisi Noah’s Ark. — Nebi’den kalma colloq. (s.t.) as old as the hills, that came out of the Ark. numara (./.) 1. (identifying) number (i.e. house number, license-plate number). 2. grade (in a course). 3. (numerical) size (of a pair of shoes). 4. number (performance done as one part of a show). 5. slang trick, fast one, number. — çevirmek slang to be up to no good, pull something. — sim vermek Iml colloq. to decide that (s.o.) is no-good/no -count/a bad egg. — yapmak slang 1. to pretend, fake. 2. /a/ to pull something on, have (s.o.) on. —sı yapmak (—sına yatmak) slang to pretend to be, fake: Hasta numarası yapıyor. He’s pretending to be ill. numaracı (./..) slang 1. trickster, con artist; faker. 2. tricky; (s.o.) who is a con artist/a faker.
numaralama (./...) hi numbering, assigning a number to.
numaralamak (./...) hi to number, assign a number to. numaralanma being numbered, numaralanmak (./...) to be numbered, numaralı (./..) numbered, marked with a number; (s.t./s.o.) which/who is numbered ...: dört numaralı peronda at platform number four.
numarasız (./..) unnumbered, numberless, numen phil. noumenon (as opposed to phenomenon). numune (.—.) model; sample, numunelik (.—..) 1. sample (thing); token, (s.t.)
                                                            that is only for show. 2. sample, specimen, nur light; radiance; heavenly light; divine radiance. — aylası halo, nimbus. — gibi colloq. 1. wondrously radiant. 2. beatific, saintly (in appearance). — halesi see nur aylası.
    —  içinde yatsm. May he/she rest in peace./ God rest his/her soul. — inmek /a/ for a heavenly light to descend upon. — ol! How wonderful!/God bless you! — topu gibi colloq. (child) which is as healthy and attractive as can be. — yüzlü colloq. (s.o.) who has a saintly face, who looks saintly.
nurani (----------) see nurlu.
nurlu 1. shining; bright; radiant. 2. colloq. beatific, saintly (in appearance), nursuz colloq. sinister-looking (face). — pirsiz colloqsee nursuz.
nutuk
 646
nüzullü
                                                                nutuk, -tku 1. speech, public address; oration.
   2.     obs. the faculty of speech. — atmak/çekmek to preach a sermon, give a lecture, hold forth (said disparagingly), —a gelmek (for s.t. nonhuman) to start to talk. — söylemek see nutuk vermek. — u tutulmak colloq. to be tongue-tied, be so amazed/excited one can’t speak. — vermek to make a speech, nü 1. nude (painting/statue/photograph). 2. (a) nude; nude painting; nude statue; nude photograph, nüans nuance.
Nübye 1. Nubia. 2. Nubian, of Nubia, nüfus 1. population, number of inhabitants. 2. persons, people: Bu evde on nüfus oturuyor. Ten people live in this house. — cüzdanı identity booklet/card (issued to every citizen by the state). — dağılımı/dağılışı distribution of the population. — dinamiği population dynamics. — fazlalığı overpopulation. — indeksi population index. — kâğıdı identity card (issued to every citizen by the state). — memurluğu Public Registration Office (where births, marriages, changes of residence, and deaths are recorded). — patlaması population explosion. — planlaması family planning. — sayımı population census, census, nüfusbilim (./..) demography, nüfusbilimci (./...) demographer, demographist. nüfusbilimsel (./...) demographic, demograph-ical.
                                                                nüfusça (./.) as regards persons: Nüfusça zayiat yoktu. There was no loss of human life, nüfuslu 1. (place) which has a population of ...: beş yüz bin nüfuslu bir şehir a city of five hundred thousand people. 2. (family) made up of (so many) persons, nüfuz 1. influence, power, weight. 2. penetration; permeation. — etmek /a/ 1. to penetrate; to permeate. 2. to influence. 3. to understand the real meaning of. — sahibi influential (person). — ticareti yapmak colloq. to engage in influence peddling, peddle one’s influence, nüfuzlu influential (person), nüfuzsuz (s.o.) who has no influence, whose
    word carries no weight, nühüft, -tü classical Turk. mus. a makam, nükleer nuclear. — atık nuclear waste. — enerji nuclear energy. — fizik nuclear physics.
    —      füzyon nuclear fusion. — harp başlığı warhead. — ışımm/radyasyon nuclear radiation. — reaktör nuclear reactor. — santral nuclear power plant. — silahlar nuclear weapons. — tip nuclear medicine. — yakıt nuclear fuel. — zehir nuclear poison, nükleon phys. nucleon, nüklid phys. nuclide, nüks med. relapse, recurrence, nüksetme (/..) 1. med. relapsing/recurring (of a disease). 2. (of s.t.) reappearing unexpectedly.
nüksetmek (/..) 1. med. (for a disease) to relapse/recur. 2. (for s.t.) to reappear unexpectedly.
nükte 1. witty remark, witticism. 2. subtle point, fine point. — yapmak to make a witty remark.
nükteci 1. witty. 2. wit, witty person, nüktecilik wittiness; being a wit. nüktedan 1. witty. 2. wit, witty person, nüktedanlık wittiness; being a wit. nükteli witty (remark).
nükûl, -lü (.—) obs. withdrawing (a promise), going back on (a promise). — etmek /dan/ to withdraw or go back on (a vow/a promise).
nümayiş (.—.) 1. demonstration (made in protest, e.g. marching through the streets). 2. obs. demonstration (of emotion), nümayişçi (. — ..) demonstrator (one who marches in a demonstration), nümismat, -ti numismatist, niimismatik numismatics, nüsha (a) copy (one of a number of printed/ written things); (a single) issue, number (of a magazine/a newspaper), nütasyon astr. nutation, nüve nucleus.
nüveyt, -ti obs., biol. nucleolus, nüzul, -lü obs. stroke; apoplexy, apoplectic stroke; paralytic stroke, nüzullü obs. (s.o.) who has suffered a stroke.
o
O 1. the letter O. 2. chem. O (oxygen).
O! (-) 0!/0h!/Ah!
o, -nu 1. he/she/it. 2. that; those. — anda at that moment. — denli so much; so. — duvar senin, bu duvar benim, colloq. I was so drunk I couldn’t see straight. — gibi such (a thing). — gün bugün/bugündür colloq. since then, from that day to this. — halde
   1.    In that case .../If that’s the case .... 2. therefore, —nun için 1. for him/her/it. 2. for that reason, on account of that, as a result (of that). — kadar so much; so. — kadar! colloq. That’s all! — kadar kusur kadı kızında da bulunur, colloq. (Even the judge’s daughter has that much wrong with her.) Be reasonable; the best of things will have these sorts of flaws! — kapı/mahalle senin, bu kapı/mahalle benim dolaşmak colloq. to wander around everywhere. — saat colloq. at that very moment; right away. — takdirde in that case. — taraflı olmamak to pay no attention (to), take no notice (of) (s.t.). — tarakta bezi olmamak colloq. not to be involved in that matter. — vakit bu vakit colloq. since that time, ever since then. — yolda in that way, like that. (...) — yolun yolcusu colloq. ... going to end up like that one day: Hepimiz o yolun yolcusu. We’re all going to end up like that one day. oba 1. a group of nomads (under the authority of a chief). 2. place where an oba is encamped. 3. large tent, obarti see abartı, obartıcı see abartıcı, obartılı see abartılı, obartilmak see abartılmak, obartma see abartma, obartmaci see abartmacı, obartmacılık see abartmacılık, obartmak /i/ see abartmak, obartmah see abartmalı, obelisk, -ki obelisk, obje object, thing.
objektif 1. objective, unbiased. 2. phil. objective (as opposed to subjective). 3. optics, phot. (an) objective, lens, objektiflik objectivity.
objektivist, -ti phil. 1. (an) objectivist. 2. objec-tivistic. objektivite see objektiflik, objektivizm phil. objectivism, obligasyon fin. bond. — sahibi bondholder, obruk 1. geol. swallow hole, ponor. 2. concave
   (thing), observatuar observatory, obstrüksiyon 1. pol. obstruction, blocking. 2.
   sports blocking, obua (./.) mus. oboe, obuacı (./..) oboist, oboe player, obur 1. gluttonous, piggish. 2. glutton, pig. oburca (./.) gluttonously, oburlaşma becoming gluttonous, oburlaşmak to become gluttonous, oburluk gluttony.
obüs mil. 1. obus (an artillery shell). 2. howitzer. *ocak January. — ayı January.
2ocak 1. stove, cookstove, range (refers only to the top portion containing the cooking eyes).
    2. fireplace. 3. furnace; kiln; blast furnace; forge. 4. quarry. 5. mine (e.g. a gold mine).
    6. bed (of vegetables); growing bed. 7. source; center; den: fesat ocağı den of mischief. 8. meeting place, local headquarters (of an association). 9. association, society, organization. 10. family, household. 11. family whose members are reputed to be able to treat a specific disease. — ı batmak colloq. to be ruined, suffer a great material loss. — bucak colloq. in every corner of the house. —ma darı ekmek /in/ colloq., see ocağına incir dikmek, —ma düşmek /m/ colloq. 1. to seek protection from (s.o.). 2. to plead with (s.o.) for help. -ına incir dikmek /m/ colloq. to ruin or do away with (s.o.’s) family. —i kör kalmak colloq. to have no descendants. — kurumu soot. — külahı hoodlike projection in the top of a fireplace. — siperi fire screen. — mı söndürmek /in/ colloq. to do away with (s.o.’s) family, wipe (s.o.’s) family off the face of the earth. — ı sönmek colloq. for one’s family to perish, for one’s family to be wiped off the face of the earth. — süngüsü poker (for a fire). — takımı fireset, set of fire irons.
ocakçı 1. chimney sweep. 2. stoker (a person).
    3. man in charge of making coffee and tea in a kahve.
ocakçılık being a chimney sweep, stoker, or maker of coffee and tea. ocaklı 1. (room) which contains a fireplace. 2. (place) which contains a fumace/a kiln/a blast furnace/a forge. 3. someone who belongs to •a specific organization, od fire. — yok, ocak yok. colloq. He/She hasn’t got two sticks to rub together./He’s/She’s very poor.
oda
oda 1. room. 2. association, society, organization. — müziği chamber music. — takımı suite of furniture, odabaşı, -ni (./..) person in charge of the rooms in a caravansary or inn. odacı person who runs errands and does cleaning (in a business concern); office boy. odak phys. focus. — noktası focal point, odaklama /ı/ focusing (a camera), odaklamak hi to focus (a camera), odaklanma 1. being focused. 2. being centered, being centralized, odaklanmak 1. to be focused. 2. to be centered, be centralized, odaklaşma focalization, coming to a focus, odaklaşmak to focalize, come to a focus, odaklaştırma focalization, bringing to a focus, odaklaştırmak h! to focalize, bring to a focus, odaklayıcı first assistant cameraman, lenser, hocus focus boy. odaksal focal. odaksız afocal.
odalı (place) which has (so many) rooms, -roomed.
odalık odalisque, female slave, concubine, odeon (./.) odeum, odeon (for musical performances), oditoryum (../.) auditorium, odsuz used in: — ocaksız colloq. poor and homeless.
odun 1. firewood. 2. colloq. blockhead, numskull. — alkolü wood alcohol, methanol. — atmak /a/ colloq. to give (s.o.) a beating.
   —   gibi adam colloq. blockhead, numskull.
   —   hamuru wood pulp. — kafa colloq., see odun gibi adam. — kesmek to cut firewood (in a wood). — kırmak to chop wood, split firewood. — yarıcı woodchopper. — yarmak to split a log or a big piece of wood.
    —     yongası wood shaving, shaving, odunansi, -m (./...) zool. carpenter bee, Xy-
   locopa.
oduncu 1. seller of firewood. 2. woodcutter, woodman, —nun gözü omçada (dilencinin gözü çömçede), proverb (The woodcutter has his eye on the stock of the grapevine.) Everybody sets out to satisfy his/her own needs.
odunculuk cutting/selling wood, odunkömürü, -nü (./...) charcoal, odunlaşma 1. lignification. 2. colloq. getting rude, becoming insensitive to others, odunlaşmak 1. to lignify. 2. colloq. to get rude, become insensitive to others, odunluk 1. woodshed; place where wood is stored. 2. tree ready to be cut for firewood.
    3.    colloq. churlishness, rudeness, insensitivity to others, odunözü, -nü (./..) bot. lignin. odunsu ligneous, woody, odyometre (../.) 1. audiometer. 2. eudiometer, odyovizüel audiovisual, of 1. Oof! 2. Ouch!/Ow!
'oğul
ofans sports offense.
ofansif sports 1. offensive (game/player). 2.
   (playing) offensively, ofis 1. office (place of work). 2. government department (which acts in a commercial capacity, e.g. Petrol Ofisi), oflama saying “Oof!”, huffing indignantly/exas-peratedly; saying “Ouch!” oflamak to say “Oof!”, huff indignantly/exas-peratedly; to say “Ouch!” oflayıp puflamak to huff and puff indignantly/exasperatedly. oflaz prov. choice, superb, excellent, ofort, -tu 1. aqua fortis, nitric acid. 2. etching, etched engraving, aqua fortis. ofris bot. twayblade, Ophrys bifolia. ofsayt, -ti (/.) soccer offside, ofset, -ti 1. offset printing, offset. 2. offset printing machine, oftalmolog ophthalmologist, oftalmoloji ophthalmology, oftalmoskop, -pu ophthalmoscope, oğalama /ı/ see ovalama, oğalamak /ı/ see ovalamak.
Oğan archaic God. oğdurma /ı, a/ see ovdurma, oğdurmak /ı, a/ see ovdurmak.
Oğlak astrol. Capricorn. — dönencesi the Tropic of Capricorn, oğlak kid (of a goat).
oğlan 1. boy; youth. 2. catamite. 3. playing cards jack. — anası kapı arkası, kız anası minder kabası, proverb (The boy’s mother is behind the door, but the girl’s mother is seated on the thickest cushion.) Since a bride usually goes to live with her husband’s family, the groom’s mother often ends up playing hostess to the bride’s mother. — atadan/ba-badan öğrenir sofra açmayı, kız anadan öğrenir biçki biçmeyi, proverb If a boy knows how to do manly things, he’s gotten his knowledge from his father; and if a girl knows how to do womanly things, she’s gotten her knowledge from her mother. — dayıya, kız halaya çeker, proverb A boy will take after his maternal uncle, and a girl will take after her paternal aunt. — doğuran övünsün, kız doğuran dövünsün, proverb A woman who gives birth to a boy should be proud, but one who gives birth to a girl should beat herself out of shame. —mki oğul balı, kızmki bahçe gülü, proverb (One’s son’s child is like virgin honey, and one’s daughter’s child is like a garden rose.) A grandparent regards all his/her grandchildren with utmost fondness. — yatağı prov. the womb, oğlancı pederast, oğlancılık pederasty, oğma h/ see ovma, oğmaç prov., see ovmaç, oğmak h! see ovmak.
’oğul, -ğlu son. — u olmak to have a son (referring to the birth of a son).
648
 2oğul                                              649
2oğul swarm of bees. — balı virgin honey. — verme the swarming (of bees), oğulcuk 1. dear little son. 2. bot., zool. embryo., oğulduruk prov. womb.
oğulluk 1. being a son, sonship. 2. prov. adopted son. 3. prov. stepson, oğulma see ovulma, oğulmak see ovulmak.
oğulotu, -nu (./..) bot. bee balm, lemon balm, Melissa officinalis. oğunma 1. see ovunma. 2. prov. fainting, losing consciousness. 3. prov. writhing in pain, oğunmak 1. see ovunmak. 2. prov. to faint, lose consciousness. 3. prov. to writhe in pain.
oğuşturma /ı/ see ovuşturma, oğuşturmak /ı/ see ovuşturmak.
Oğuz 1. (an) Oghuz Turk, Ghuz. 2. Oghuz, of the Oghuz Turks, oğuz archaic 1. young bull. 2. good-hearted man. 3. peasant, villager. 4. good, decent, honest (man).
Oğuzca (./.) 1. Oghuz, the Turkish spoken by the Oghuz Turks. 2. (speaking/writing) in Oghuz, Oghuz. 3. Oghuz (speech/writing); spoken in Oghuz; written in Oghuz. oh Ah! (expression of delight/relief). — çekmek colloq. to rejoice over another’s misfortunes.
    —  demek colloq. 1. to breathe a sigh of satisfaction. 2. to sit back and enjoy life, take it easy. — olsun! colloq. It serves him/her/ you/them right!
oha (—.) 1. vulg. Hey you!/Stop!/Whoa! 2.
    Whoa! (said to stop an animal). ohm elec., see ^ni. oje fingernail polish, ojit, -ti geol. augite.
ok, -ku 1. arrow. 2. tongue, pole (of a wagon).
    3. shank (of a ship’s anchor). 4. (porcupine’s) quill. — ağısı curare. — atımı bowshot (the distance an arrow flies, roughly 300 meters).
    —  atmak to shoot an arrow. — unu atmış, yayını asmış, colloq. (He has shot his arrow and hung up his bow.) He’s done his bit; now he’s taking it easy for the rest of his life. — gezi notch of an arrow. — gibi fırlamak /dan/ colloq. to rush out of (a place) with lightning speed. — kertiği notch of an arrow. — kılıfı quiver. — meydanı archery ground. — meydanında buhurdan yakmak colloq. to try to accomplish something big with means that are pitifully inadequate.
    —a tutmak hi to rain arrows upon. — yaydan çıktı, colloq. (The arrow has left the bow.) What’s done is done; there’s no turning back ./The die is cast. — yeleği the feather of an arrow.
okaliptüs (../.) bot. eucalyptus, Eucalyptus. okapi (./.) zool. okapi, Okapia johnstoni. okçu 1. maker/seller of arrows. 2. archer, bowman.
okçuluk 1. making/selling of arrows. 2. archery.
    3. being an archer.
                                                                                           oksulamak
okey 1. colloq. OK./Okay. 2. a card game. —i-ni almak /in/ colloq. to get (s.o.’s) okay, okeyleme hi colloq. okaying, OK’ing, okeylemek hi colloq. to okay, OK. okka oke, oka (a weight of 400 dirhems or 1282 grams). — mn altına gitmek colloq. to be the victim; to bear the brunt of it. — çekmek colloq. to be heavier than it looks. — her yerde dört yüz dirhem, proverb (An oka weighs four hundred dirhems.) Facts are facts.
okkalama hi 1. estimating the weight of (s.t.) by holding it in one’s hand. 2. colloq. flattering, buttering (s.o.) up. okkalamak hi 1. to estimate the weight of (s.t.) by holding it in one’s hand. 2. colloq. to flatter, butter (s.o.) up. okkalı colloq. 1. heavy. 2. big, whopping. — kahve colloq. 1. big cup of Turkish coffee.
   2.    very strong coffee. — küfür colloq. oath which turns the air blue, okkalık (s.t.) which weighs (so many) okas, oklama hi shooting (s.t.) with an arrow, oklamak III to shoot (s.t.) with an arrow, oklava rolling pin. — yutmuş gibi colloq. (s.o.
   who’s standing) as stiff as a poker, oklu furnished with arrows/an arrow, arrowed, okluk quiver (for arrows), oklukirpi (./..) zool. porcupine, Hystrix cristata. okrama prov. whinnying (of a horse) (at the sight of water/food), okramak prov. (for a horse) to whinny (at the sight of water/food), oksalat, -ti chem. oxalate, oksalik chem. oxalic. — asit oxalic acid, oksi (/.) slang Scram!/Beat it!/Get lost! oksidasyon chem. oxidation, okside chem. oxidized.
oksijen 1. chem. oxygen. 2. chem. peroxide, hydrogen peroxide. — çadırı oxygen tent.
   —     maskesi oxygen mask, oksijenleme hi 1. chem. oxygenating, oxygenizing. 2. peroxiding (hair), oksijenlemek hi 1. chem. to oxygenate, oxygenize. 2. to peroxide (hair), oksijenli 1. chem. oxygenated. 2. (hair) that has been peroxided, that has been treated with peroxide. — su hydrogen peroxide, oksijensizlik anoxia.
oksilit, -ti a chemical containing peroxides of sodium and potassium (used to produce oxygen), oksit chem. oxide, oksitleme hi chem. oxidizing, oksitlemek hi chem. to oxidize, oksitlenme chem. oxidation, being/becoming oxidized.
oksitlenmek chem. to be/become oxidized, oksitleyici chem. 1. (an) oxidant, (an) oxidizing agent. 2. oxidizing (agent), oksulama l\l slang getting rid of, making (s.o.)
   make tracks, oksulamak 111 slang to get rid of, make (s.o.)
 okşama                                             650
    make tracks, okşama hi 1. caressing, caress, stroking, fondling; patting, pat. 2. colloq. flattering, pleasing. 3. slang giving (s.o.) a gentle beating.
   4. obs. resembling. — adı gram, hypocoristic name.
                                                               okşamak 111 1. to caress, stroke, fondle; to pat.
   2. colloq. to flatter, please. 3. slang to give (s.o.) a gentle beating. 4. obs. to resemble.
                                                               okşanma 1. being caressed/stroked/fondled; being patted. 2. colloq. being flattered/pleased.
    3.    slang being given a gentle beating, okşanmak 1. to be caressed, be stroked, be fondled; to be patted. 2. colloq. to be flattered, be pleased. 3. slang to be given a gentle beating.
okşantı (a) caress. okşarÖvgü (./..) compliment, okşatma /ı, a/ causing (s.o.) to caress; letting (s.o.) caress, okşatmak /ı, a/ to cause (s.o.) to caress; to let (s.o.) caress, okşayış 1. caressing, fondling. 2. way of caressing. 3. caress, oktan chem. octane, oktant, -ti mariner’s quadrant, octant, oktav mus. octave.
oktruva (/..) obs. octroi (tax on goods entering a city). — resmi see oktruva. okul 1. school. 2. school (of thought), ecole. okuldaş schoolmate.
okullu 1. (s.o.) who has attended school. 2. pupil, student.
okulöncesi, -ni (./...) 1. preschool. 2. the preschool period (in a person’s life), okulsal scholastic.
okulsonrasi, -ni (./...) 1. post-school. 2. the time after one has completed one’s formal education.
okuma 1. reading. 2. hi reading; being able to read. 3. hi studying. 4. studying, attending school. 5. hi singing; chanting, reciting. 6. hi deciphering. 7. Ill incanting a spell over.
    8. hi prov. inviting (s.o.). 9. /a/ slang swearing at, giving (s.o.) down the country. — kitabı primer, reader (book used to teach s.o. to read). — odası reading room. — yitimi word blindness, alexia, okumak 1. hi to read; to be able to read. 2. hi to study. 3. to study, attend school. 4. Ill to sing; to chant, recite. 5. Ill to decipher. 6. Ill to incant a spell over. 7. Ill prov. to invite (s.o.). 8. /a/ slang to swear at, give (s.o.) down the country, okumamış (./..) 1. (s.o.) who’s had no formal education. 2. illiterate, okumaz yazmaz illiterate, analphabetic, okume (./.) bot. okoume, okume, Gaboon mahogany, Aucoumea klaineana. okumuş (s.o.) who’s had some formal education; well-educated, okumuşluk possession of some formal education; being well-educated.
                                                                                                 olagelme
okunabilirlik readability, okunaklı legible, readable (writing), okunaksız illegible, unreadable (writing), okunma 1. being read. 2. being studied. 3. being sung; being chanted/recited. 4. being deciphered.
okunmak 1. to be read. 2. to be studied. 3. to be sung; to be chanted, be recited. 4. to be deciphered, okuntu prov. invitation, okunulmak impersonal passive to read, okunurluk readability, okunuş way of reading/singing/chanting, okur reader, okuryazar literate, okuryazarlık literacy, literateness, okus pokus slang trick, plot, intrigue, okutma hi 1. making/letting (s.o.) read something. 2. making it possible for (s.o.) to be educated; getting (s.o.) educated. 3. teaching.
   4.    slang selling, letting (s.t.) go. okutmak 111 1. to make/let (s.o.) read something. 2. to make it possible for (s.o.) to be educated; to get (s.o.) educated. 3. to teach. 4. slang to sell, let (s.t.) go. okutman lecturer (in a university), okutulma 1. (of s.t.) being taught. 2. (of s.o.)
   being educated (in a certain place), okutulmak 1. (for s.t.) to be taught. 2. (for s.o.)
   to be educated (in a certain place), okuyucu 1. reader. 2. singer; chanter. 3. prov. person sent around to invite people to a wedding.
okuyuş way of reading/singing/chanting, oküler ocular, eyepiece, okyanus ocean.
Okyanusya (../.) 1. Oceania. 2. Oceanian, of Oceania.
Okyanusyali (../..) 1. (an) Oceanian. 2. Oceanian (person), okyilani, -m (/...) zool. 1. a water snake, Zam-enis gamonensis. 2. a viper, Cerastes hassel-guistii.
ol archaic 1. that; those. 2. he/she/it. olabildiğince insofar as one is able, olabilir possible, olabilirlik possibility.
olacak 1. suitable, acceptable. 2. reasonable, sensible, not absurd. 3. colloq. so-called, (s.o.) who claims to be ...: öğretmen olacak
   o  kişi that so-called teacher. 4. something that is possible. 5. colloq. the lowest price (at which a merchant will sell s.t.). — gibi değil, colloq. It looks like (s.t.) won’t happen. — iş değil, colloq. It’s impossible ./It’s out of the question. —ı nedir? colloq. What is the lowest amount you’ll sell this for?/ What’s the real price of this thing? — olur. colloq. Things will turn out in the way they are fated to. —la öleceğe çare bulunmaz. proverb There is no way to prevent the inevitable.
olagelme (./..) continuing, going on.
 olagelmek                                        651
olagelmek to continue, go on. olağan usual, normal, common; natural, olağandışı, -m          unusual, exceptional; ab-
   normal, strange, olağandışılık (../...) unusualness; abnormality, olağanlaşma becoming commonplace, olağanlaşmak to become commonplace, olağanlık normality.
olağanüstü, -nü (../..) 1. extraordinary; unheard -of, unusual. 2. wonderful, stunning, olağanüstülük (../...) extraordinariness, ola ki 1. perhaps, maybe: Ola ki gelir. Maybe he’ll come. 2. probably, olamaz (./.) impossible, olanak possibility, olanaklı possible, olanaklilik possibility, olanaksız impossible, olanaksızlaşma becoming impossible, olanaksızlaşmak to become impossible, olanaksızlaştırma hi making (s.t.) impossible, olanaksızlaştırmak til to make (s.t.) impossible, olanaksızlık impossibility, olanca (./.) all of ...: olanca kuvvetiyle with all his might, olası 1. probable. 2. May he ...!: Kör olası! May he go blind! olasıcı phil. 1. (a) probabilist. 2. probabilistic, probabilist. olasıcılık phil. probabilism. olasılı (s.t.) which is based on probability/assumptions, olasılık probability.
 olay 1. event, occurrence. 2. unusual event, incident. 3. phenomenon. — çıkarmak colloq. to make trouble, cause trouble, —lar dizisi
   1.    sequence of events. 2. lit. plot, olayanlatim (./...) narration, olaybilim (./..) phil. phenomenology, olaycılık phil. phenomenalism, olaylı eventful, marked by unpleasant events, olaysız 1. uneventful. 2. uneventfully, olçum prov. quack doctor, quack, oldubitti fait accompli, —ye getirmek to present someone with a fait accompli, oldukça (./.) 1. rather, fairly, quite, pretty, to some extent: Su oldukça soğuk. The water’s pretty cold. 2. rather, a lot of (s.t.). oldulama til okaying (s.t.). oldulamak til to okay (s.t.). oldurgan gram, causative (verb), oldurma 111 1. bringing (s.t.) into being. 2.
   ripening; maturing, oldurmak til 1. to bring (s.t.) into being. 2. to ripen; to mature, ole Ole! (used as a cheer). olefin chem. olefin, oleik chem. oleic. — asit oleic acid, olein chem. olein.
°lgu 1. phil. fact. 2. lit. action; plot. 3. med.
   case (instance of disease, patient), olgucu phil. 1. positivist, positivistic. 2. (a) positivist.
                                                                                                          olmak
olguculuk phil. positivism, olgul phil. positive.
olgun 1. ripe, mature. 2. (spiritually/mentally/ emotionally) mature (person). — odun bot. heartwood, duramen, olgunlaşma maturation. — enstitüsü technical high school for girls, olgunlaşma becoming ripe/mature, olgunlaşmak to become ripe/mature, olgunlaştırma 111 maturing (s.o./s.t.). olgunlaştırmak 111 to mature (s.o./s.t.). olgunluk 1. ripeness. 2. maturity (of a person).
    —      imtihanı formerly examination administered to students upon completion of high school, olgusal phil. factual, oligarşi oligarchy.
oligarşik oligarchic, oligarchical, oligarchal. oligoklaz geol. oligoclase. oligosen geol. 1. the Oligocene, the Oligocene epoch/series. 2. Oligocene, of the Oligocene. olijist, -ti geol. oligist, crystallized hematite, olimpiyat, -ti Olympic: olimpiyat oyunları the Olympic Games, —lar the Olympics, the Olympic Games, olivin geol. olivine.
olma 1. coming to exist, coming into being, becoming. 2. happening, occurring, being, taking place, olmadık (/..) 1. (s.t.) that one has never been asked to do before. 2. (s.t.) that has never been said to one before, olmak, -ur 1. to become, come to exist, come into being. 2. to happen, occur, be, take place. 3. to be (to have/occupy a place/a position; to show a certain characteristic): Saat dokuzda orada olmalıyım. I ought to be there at nine o’clock. Cesur olmalısın. You should be bold. 4. to have (used with possessives): Param olsaydı alırdım. If I’d had the money, I’d have bought it. Benim o semtte bir evim olmalı. I ought to have a house in that part of town. 5. (for time) to pass, elapse, be: Oraya gideli beş yıl oldu. It’s been five years since she went over there. 6. (for s.t.) to be acceptable, be all right, be okay: Olur mu öyle? Can (something like) that be okay? Olur! Okay! Olmaz! No! 7. to ripen; (for food) to be cooked, be done. 8. /a/ (for an article of clothing) to fit. 9. /dan/ to lose, be deprived of: Canından oldu. She lost her life. Kumar yüzünden servetinden oldu. He lost his fortune by gambling. 10. to catch (a disease): Tifo oldu. He caught typhoid fever. 11. to undergo (s.t.): Ameliyat oldu. He underwent an operation. Yavuz yarın imtihan olacak. Yavuz will take an exam tomorrow. 12. /a/ (for s.t.) to be a source of (s.t.) to (s.o.): Bu ilacın ona çok yararı oldu. This medicine has really helped her. 13. slang to get drunk: Sen bayağı oldun. You’re as drunk as a lord. Oldu, colloq. All right./OK./Very well./
olmamış
652
olumluluk
   Agreed, —la beraber/birlikte although: Parlak bir zekâsı olmamakla beraber para kazanmasını biliyor. He’s no whiz kid, but he does know how to make money, olan/olup biten all (the events) that took place, olup bitmek to happen, take place, oldum bittim colloq. for as long as anyone can remember, from time immemorial, always. Olan dört bağlar, olmayan dert bağlar, proverb (The rich man is clothed in every sort of finery; the poor man is wrapped up in his troubles.) The rich possess worldly goods, while the poor possess troubles, olduğu gibi 1. as (one) is, as (it) is: İnsanları olduğu gibi kabul etmelisin. You should accept people as they are. 2. as it/they happened: Her şeyi olduğu gibi anlatacağım. I will explain everything as it happened. 3. besides being ..., in addition to being ...; besides having ..., in addition to having Hasta olduğu gibi, yoksul da. Besides being sick, he is poor, olduğu kadar
   1.     besides being ...; besides having ...: Oda küçük olduğu kadar, karanlık da. Besides being small, the room is dark. 2. as much as possible: Hepsini bitirmek zorunda değilsin, olduğu kadar yap. You don’t have to finish it all; do what you can. Olan oldu. colloq. What’s done is done, olup olacağı colloq. all: Bendeki paranın olup olacağı bu kadar. This is all the money I’ve got on me. Onun olup olacağı bir kaldırım mü-f hendisi. He’ll never be anything more than a sidewalk superintendent. Olup olacağımız toprak mi? Are we nothing more than dust? Oldu olacak, kırıldı nacak, colloq. What’s done is done, oldum olası/olasıya colloq. for as long as anyone can remember, from time immemorial, always. (...) oldu olmadı colloq. It’s been just about ...: Bu işe başlayalı beş yıl oldu olmadı. It’s been just about five years since he began this job. olmak üzere
   1.     being: İşyerimizde, altısı Alman olmak üzere, altmış eleman var. In our firm we have sixty personnel, six of whom are German. 2. to be on the point of being: Kahven olmak üzere. Your coffee’s just about ready, olur olmaz 1. colloq. just any old, whatever, any ... that: Olur olmaz her kitabı okuma! Don’t read any old book you happen to see! 2. colloq. at random, without thinking: Olur olmaz konuşma! Don’t just talk whenever you feel like it. 3. as soon as (s.t.) happens, .... olmamış (/..) unripe.
olmayacak (/...) 1. unseemly, unsuitable, improper. 2. impossible. — duaya âmin demek colloq. to hope for the impossible, olmaz impossible. O—! colloq. No!/It’s not possible./It can’t be done. — olaydı! colloq. Would that it hadn’t happened! — olmaz. colloq. Nothing’s impossible. — olmaz deme, olmaz olmaz, proverb Never rule out the impossible.
olmazlama hi vetoing, olmazlamak hi to veto, olmazlı log. absurd, olmazlık log. absurdity, olmuş ripe. — armut gibi eline düşmek Iml colloq. (for s.t. good) to come one’s way without one’s lifting a finger, fall into one’s lap.
olsa if he/she/it were, if he/she/it should become. —yı bulsaya vermişler, hiç doğmuş, proverb, see Olsa ile bulsayı ekmişler, yel ile yulaf bitmiş. — gerek he/she/it must be: O kişi yabancı olsa gerek. That person must be a foreigner. — ile bulsayı ekmişler, yel ile yulaf bitmiş, proverb Wishful thinking never gets anything accomplished. — olsa at the most, at most: Olsa olsa oraya dört saatte gidilir. It takes at the most four hours to get there, olsun 1. That’s okay ./I don’t care. 2. Be that as it may; .... 3. if only ...: Bir gün olsun kal, ne olur? Please stay, even if it’s only for one day! — olsun colloq. at the most, at most: Oraya olsun olsun on saatte gidilir. It takes at the most ten hours to get there. ... —, ... olsun both ... and ...; whether ... or ...: Büyük olsun, küçük olsun, her boy ayakkabımız var. We’ve got shoes in every size, both big and small. Eski olsun, yeni olsun, orası beni ilgilendirmez. I don’t care whether it’s old or new. olta fishing line. — balığı fish caught with a fishing line. — iğnesi fishhook. — takımı fishing tackle. — ya vurmak (for a fish) to strike, hit, seize the bait. — yı yutmak slang to fall for a trick, be duped, be conned, olu phil. becoming, passing from one state to another.
oluk 1. trough (used as a conduit); flume, chute, slide, sluiceway, sluice, raceway, race. 2. eaves trough, gutter. 3. groove, channel; flute (as in a column). 4. groove (in the wheel of a pulley). 5. anat. sulcus. — gibi akmak colloq. to flow in abundance, stream out. — oluk colloq. in streams, olukçuk 1. small groove. 2. anat. sulculus. oluklu 1. (s.t.) which has an oluk attached to it. 2. grooved, corrugated; fluted. — kalem gouge (a chisel). — saç corrugated iron, olumlama log. affirmation, olumlamak hi log. to affirm, olumlu 1. positive, affirmative. 2. (s.o.) who has a positive outlook. 3. constructive, helpful, useful, beneficial (thing). — bilim natural science, science. — eylem/fiil gram, affirmative verb. — tümce gram, affirmative sentence, olumluk curriculum vitae, olumlulaşma 1. becoming positive/affirmative.
    2. becoming constructive, olumlulaşmak 1. to become positive, become affirmative. 2. to become constructive, olumluluk 1. positiveness, affirmativeness. 2.
olumsal
653
on
   constructiveness, olumsal phil. possible, contingent, olumsallık phil. possibility, contingency, olumsuz 1. negative; not constructive, negatory. 2. (s.o.) who has a negative outlook, who is a habitual nay say er. — eylem/flil gram, negative verb. — tümce gram, negative sentence.
olumsuzlaşma becoming negative, olumsuzlaşmak to become negative, olumsuzluk negativeness, negativity. — eki gram, negative suffix, olunmak 1. used to make passive verbs: davet olunmak to be invited, iade olunmak to be returned. 2. impersonal passive to become, oluntu 1. event, occurrence (which has taken place). 2. lit. episode, olupbitti fait accompli, —ye getirmek to present someone with a fait accompli, olur used in: O —. colloq. Okay ./All right.
   —unu almak /m/ to get (s.o.’s) okay. — una bırakmak/bağlamak hi to let (a matter) take its course. — şey/iş değil! colloq. It can’t be!/It’s impossible!/I don’t believe it! olurlama hi 1. accepting, acceptance. 2. permitting.
olurlamak hi 1. to accept. 2. to permit, olurlu possible. — kılmak hi to make (s.t.) possible.
oluş 1. way of coming into being; becoming, coming into being, genesis, formation. 2. event, happening, occurrence, —unda essentially, actually, in itself, oluşma 1. coming into being, being formed, formation, being constituted. 2. /dan/ consisting of, being made up of, being composed of. oluşmak 1. to come into being, be formed, be constituted. 2. /dan/ to consist of, be made up of, be composed of. oluşturma hi forming, formation, constituting, constitution, oluşturmak hi to form, constitute, oluşturulma being formed, being constituted, oluşturulmak to be formed, be constituted, oluşuk geol. formation (i.e. a rock mass or stratum).
oluşum formation, forming, olut, -tu 1. fait accompli. 2. phil. event (which has taken place).
Jom elec. ohm.
2om 1. head (of a bone). 2. rounded end (resembling the head of a bone), oma see 2om.
omaca prov. 1. head (of a bone). 2. stump (of a tree).
ombra (/.) 1. umber. 2. paint made from umber, omça prov. trunk, stock (of a grapevine), vine-stock.
omfazit, -ti omphacite. omlet, -ti omelet.
ommatidyum (../.) zool. ommatidium. omnibüs (./.) omnibus, omur anat. (a) vertebra.
omurga (./.) 1. anat. backbone, spine, spinal column. 2. naut. keel (to which the ribs are attached). — kanalı anat. spinal canal, vertebral canal, omurgalılar (./...) zool. Vertebrata. omurgasızlar (./...) zool. Invertebrata. omurilik (./..) anat. spinal cord, omurilikiçi, -ni (./....) intraspinal. omuz, -mzu shoulder, —una almak hi 1. to put (s.t.) on/over one’s shoulders, shoulder. 2. colloq. to take on, shoulder (a job/a responsibility). — askısı shoulder strap (on a dress). — atkısı shawl. — atmak /a/ colloq. to shoulder, push (s.o.) with one’s shoulder, —undan atmak hi colloq. to get out of (a job/a responsibility). — başı end of the shoulder. — çevirmek /a/ colloq. to cold -shoulder, give (s.o.) the cold shoulder, —lan çökük colloq. (s.o.) who looks completely exhausted (emotionally and physically). — kayışı shoulder belt. — omuza 1. (standing) shoulder to shoulder, side by side. 2. (doing s.t.) together, shoulder to shoulder, side by side. — öpüşmek 1. to kiss one another’s shoulders on meeting (as a sign of affection). 2. colloq. to be social equals, be on the same social level. — sırığı yoke. — silkmek colloq. to shrug one’s shoulders (often as a sign of indifference), —unda taşımak hi \. to carry (s.o./s.t.) on one’s shoulders. 2. colloq. to honor, hold (s.o.) in high esteem. — vermek /a/ 1. colloq. to help; to support. 2. to lean one’s shoulder against. 3. to let (s.o.) climb up on one’s shoulders. 4. slang to pay no attention to. —una vurmak l\l to shoulder, put (s.t.) on one’s shoulder, omuzdaş 1. accomplice, confederate. 2. pal, mate.
omuzlama hi 1. shouldering, putting (s.t.) on one’s shoulders. 2. pushing against (s.t.) with one’s shoulder. 3. colloq. shouldering (a job/ a responsibility). 4. slang stealing, making off with.
omuzlamak hi 1. to shoulder, put (s.t.) on one’s shoulders. 2. to push against (s.t.) with one’s shoulder. 3. colloq. to shoulder (a job/a responsibility). 4. slang to steal, make off with, omuzluk 1. mil. shoulder strap; shoulder loop; shoulder mark. 2. mil. epaulet. 3. naut. the quarter or bow sections of a ship. 4. prov. shoulder yoke (for carrying loads), on ten. — beşindeki kız, ya erde gerek ya yerde, proverb Girls ought to be married off by the time they are fifteen. — minare boyu colloq. very high; very deep. — para etmez colloq. utterly worthless. — para on aslanın ağzında, proverb It’s as hard as all get-out to make money nowadays. — paralık etmek hi colloq. to disgrace; to humiliate.
    —   paraya on taklak atar, colloq. He’ll/ She’ll stoop to anything in order to make money, even if it’s only a tiny sum. — parmağında on kara, colloq. He/She has a habit
ona
654
onluk
    of saying nasty things about people. — parmağında on marifet colloq. (s.o.) who is skillful at doing a number of things, who is very versatile. — parmağım yakasmda. colloq. 1. I swear I’ll make him/her suffer for this. 2. I’m going to see this business through to the bitter end. ona to him; to her; to it. — buna dil uzatmak colloq. to say nasty things about everybody.
    —      göre hava hoş. colloq. It makes no difference to him/her./He/She doesn’t care whether it’s one way or the other. — sebep colloq. for that reason, on account of that, owing to that, onaltılık (/...) mus. sixteenth note, onama /ı/ approving, approval; ratifying, ratification; certifying, certification, onamak /i/ to approve; to ratify; to certify, onanizm onanism, masturbation, onanma being approved; being ratified; being certified.
onanmak to be approved; to be ratified; to be certified.
onar ten each, ten apiece. — onar in groups of ten each, ten at a time, in tens, onarıcı see onarımcı, onarılma being repaired; being restored, onarılmak to be repaired; to be restored, onarım repair; restoration. — cerrahisi neoplasty. — işliği repair shop, onarımcı repairer; restorer, olnarma /i/ 1. repairing, repair; restoring, restoration. 2. making amends for. onarmak hi 1. to repair; to restore. 2. to make amends for.
onartma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) repair/restore (s.t.). onartmak /i, a/ to have (s.o.) repair/restore (s.t.).
onat, -ti 1. correct, proper. 2. careful, painstaking. 3. beneficial, useful. 4. decent, upright, moral.
onay 1. approval, consent; ratification; certification. 2. convenient, suitable, —mı almak imi to get (s.o.’s) approval/consent, onayaklilar (/....) zool. Decapoda. onaylama hi approving, approval; ratifying, ratification; certifying, certification, onaylamak hi to approve; to ratify; to certify, onaylanma being approved; being ratified; being certified, onaylanmak to be approved; to be ratified; to be certified, onaylatma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) appro ve/ratify/certify (s.t.); hi having (s.t.) approved/ratified/ certified.
onaylatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) approve/ratify/ certify (s.t.); hi to have (s.t.) approved/ratified/certified, onaylı approved; ratified; certified, onaysız unapproved; unratified; uncertified. Onb. (abbr. for Onbaşı) mil. Cpl. (Corporal), onbaşı, -yı (/..) mil. (a) corporal, onbaşılık (/...) mil. 1. being a corporal. 2. cor-
   poralship, corporalcy. onca (/.) 1. according to him/her; in his/her opinion; as far as he/she is concerned. 2. so many (people/things); so much (of s.t.). onculaym 1. like him; like her. 2. according to him/her. onda (a) tenth.
ondalık 1. math, a tenth part; ten percent. 2. math, decimal. 3. hist, a tax paid in kind. — kesir math, decimal fraction. — sayı math: (a) decimal, number written in decimal notation. — sistem math, decimal system. — virgülü math, decimal point, ondalıkçı person who gets a commission of ten percent.
ondurma hi 1. improving, making better. 2. healing, curing. 3. making (s.o.) happy, putting (s.o.) at ease, ondurmak hi 1. to improve, make better. 2. to heal, cure. 3. to make (s.o.) happy, put (s.o.) at ease.
ondülasyon 1. permanent wave; marcel, marcel wave. 2. corrugation, ondüle 1. (hair) that has been waved; marcelled. 2. corrugated (iron). — yapmak hi to wave/ marcel (hair), ongen geom. 1. (a) decagon. 2. decagonal, ongun 1. very productive. 2. flourishing, prosperous. 3. happy, at peace with o.s. 4. lucky.
   5.     totem. 6. heraldic arms. — besisuyu bot. sap which carries nourishment from the leaves to the rest of the plant, ongunculuk totemism.
ongunluk 1. prosperity. 2. good fortune. 3. being at peace with o.s.
Oniki Ada (/..) the Dodecanese, onikigen geom. 1. (a) dodecagon, (a) duodeca-gon. 2. dodecagonal. onikili (/...) 1. (s.t.) which contains or consists of twelve things/parts. 2. math, duodecimal.
   —  dizge math, duodecimal system,
onikiparmakbağırsağı, -ni (/........) anat. duo-
   denum.
onikitelli (/....) a twelve-stringed guitar-like instrument.
onikiyüzlü (/....) 1. geom. (a) dodecahedron.
   2.     geom. dodecahedral. 3. twelve-sided, oniks onyx, onkojenik oncogenic, onkolog oncologist, onkoloji oncology.
*on!ar they.
                                                              2onlar used in: — basamağı math, the place of ten in a whole number, onlu 1. (s.t.) which contains or consists of ten things/parts. 2. math, decimal. 3. playing cards the ten: kupa onlusu the ten of hearts.
   —  çekesi math, decimal point. — dizge math, decimal system.
onluk 1. (s.t.) which can hold ten measures of something. 2. formerly ten-lira bill; ten-kuruş coin, —lar basamağı math., see onlar basamağı.
onma
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onma 1. improving, getting better. 2. getting over an illness, getting well. 3. finding happiness, finding inner peace, onmadık (.'..) 1. not cured; not healed; incurable. 2. unfortunate. 3. incorrigible. — babanın onmadık oğlu, proverb Like father like sorL _ baş colloq. (person) who has never had anything but misfortune. — hacıyı deve üstünde yılan sokar, proverb, see Talihsiz hacıyı deve üstünde yılan sokar. — yılın yağmuru harman vakti yağar, proverb What is a blessing if it comes at the right time can be a bane if it comes at the wrong time.
onmak 1. to improve, get better. 2. to get over an illness, get well. 3. to find happiness, find inner peace, onmaz incurable, onomatope onomatopoeia, ons ounce.
onsuz without him/her/it. ontogenez biol. ontogeny, ontogenesis, ontoloji phil. ontology.
onulmak impersonal passive to get over, recover from (an illness); to get rid of (a trouble), onulmaz incurable.
onum improvement (in one’s circumstances);
                                                                recovery (of one’s health), onuncu 1. tenth, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is tenth in a countable series: onuncu hafta the tenth week. 2. tenth, in the tenth place: Koşuda onuncu geldi. He came in tenth in the race, onur 1. self-respect, self-esteem, pride. 2. honor, distinction. —una dokunmak /m/ to touch (s.o.’s) self-esteem, wound (s.o.’s) pride. — duymak to feel honored. — konuğu guest of honor. — kurulu discipline committee (of a society). — üyesi honorary member. — vermek /a/ 1. to honor (s.o.) with one’s presence. 2. to make (s.o.) feel proud. — una yedirememek /i/ colloq. not to able to stomach (an affront to one’s self-respect). — yeri the place of honor, onurlandırma hi 1. honoring (s.o.) with one’s presence. 2. making (s.o.) feel proud, onurlandırmak hi 1. to honor (s.o.) with one’s presence. 2. to make (s.o.) feel proud, onurlanma 1. being honored, feeling honored.
   2.    feeling proud, onurlanmak 1. to be honored, feel honored. 2.
   to feel proud, onurlu self-respecting, (s.o.) who has a becoming sense of pride, onursal honorary. — üye honorary member, onursuz lacking in self-respect, onursuzluk lack of self-respect, oosfer oosphere. oosit, -ti biol. oocyte, opak opaque, nontransparent, opal, -li 1. geol. opal. 2. a finely woven cotton fabric that has a slight sheen, opalin opaline, opaline glassware, opera (./.) 1. opera. 2. opera house.
operakomik (./...) comic opera, operasyon 1. med. operation, surgery. 2. operation (the carrying out of a plan), operatör 1. surgeon. 2. operator (of a machine), operet, -ti operetta.
oportünist, -ti 1. (an) opportunist. 2. opportunist, opportunistic, oportünizm opportunism, opossum (./.) zool. opossum, possum, Didel-phis.
Opr. (abbr. for Operatör) Surg. (Surgeon), opsiyon com. option.
optik 1. optics. 2. optical. — cam optical glass.
   —      karakter okuyucu comp, optical character reader. — karakter tanıma comp, optical character recognition. — kaydırma cin. zoom. — tarama comp, optical scanning. — tarayıcı comp, optical scanner, optimetri (../.) see optometri. optimist, -ti 1. optimistic, optimistical, optimist.
    2.    (an) optimist, optimizm optimism, optimum (/..) optimum, optometri (../.) optometry, opus (/.) opus.
ora (/.) that place, —da there, in that place, —dan from there, thence. — larda in those parts; thereabouts. —Ian those parts, thereabouts. —da burada colloq. here and there.
    —ya buraya colloq. hither and thither, —larda olmamak colloq. 1. not to pay any attention. 2. to pretend not to hear/know. Ora. (abbr. for Oramiral) V.A., V. Adm. (Vice Admiral).
oracıkta (/...) colloq. just over there.
or ain slang heroin, junk.
orak 1. sickle; reaping hook. 2. harvest, reaping.
   3. harvesttime. — gözeli kansızlık path. sickle-cell anemia.
orakböceği, -ni (./...) zool. cicada, orakçı day laborer (hired to help with the harvest).
orakkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. a big cicada, or aklama hi sickling, or aklamak hi to sickle, oral oral.
oralı (/..) a native of that place. — olmamak colloq. 1. to feign indifference. 2. to pay no attention, oramiral, -li (/...) vice admiral, oran 1. proportion; ratio; rate. 2. estimate, —la /a/ in comparison with, orandışı, -m (./..) irrational (number), orangutan zool. orangutan, Pango pygmaeus. oranlama 1. hi calculating. 2. hi estimating, estimation. 3. /l, la/ comparing (one thing) with (another). —ya dayanan estimated, oranlamak 1. hi to calculate. 2. hi to estimate.
   3. /i, la/ to compare (one thing) with (another).
oranlı proportional; (s.t.) whose proportions are pleasing, proportionate, oranlılık balance, proportion.
oransız
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oransız badly proportioned, proportionless, disproportionate, oransızlık lack of proportion, disproportion, orantı 1. balance, proportion. 2. math, proportion.
orantılı 1. balanced, well-proportioned. 2. math.
   proportional, orası, -m (/..) 1. that place. 2. that aspect of the matter. — öyle, colloq. That’s true ./That’s so. — senin, burası benim dolaşmak/gezmek colloq. to wander around constantly from place to place, oratoryo (../.) mus. oratorio, ordinaryüs (../.) distinguished (professor), ordinat, -ti math, ordinate, ordino (./.) com. instructions to a shipper concerning the taking on and delivery of a consignment.
ordonat, -ti military supply service (an official agency).
ordovisyen geol. 1. the Ordovician, the Ordovician period or system of rocks. 2. Ordovician, of the Ordovician, ordövr hors d’oeuvres.
Ord. Prof. (abbr. for Ordinaryüs Profesör)
   Dist. Prof. (Distinguished Professor), ordu army.
ordubozan 1. spoilsport. 2. (s.o.) who is a spoilsport. 3. prov., path, varicosis, varicosity, varix.
ordubozanlık being a spoilsport, orduevi, -ni (./..) mil. officer’s club, ordugâh military camp, military encampment, ordugüdüm (./..) mil. strategy, ordugüdümsel (./...) mil. strategic, orfoz zool. grouper, Serranus gigas. org, -gu mus. organ, pipe organ.
Org. (abbr. for Orgeneral) mil. Gen. (General).
organ 1. anat. organ. 2. organ, instrumentality, agency. 3. publication, organ, mouthpiece.
   —      nakli surg. transplantation of an organ, organaktanmi, -m (./....) surg. transplantation
                                                                                               of an organ, organdi organdy.
organik organic. — hastalık organic disease.
   —   kimya organic chemistry. — külte mineral formation largely formed from organic material.
organizasyon organization, organizatör 1. organizer. 2. slang pimp, organize organized. — etmek hi to organize, organizma (../.) organism, organlaşma (of a living thing) developing organs.
organlaşmak (for a living thing) to develop organs. organze organza, orgazm orgasm, orgcu organist, organ player, orgeneral, -li (/...) mil. (full) general, orijin origin.
orijinal, -li 1. original. 2. unusual, different. 3.
                                            (an) original, orijinalite originality.
orijinallik 1. originality. 2. unusualness, differentness, difference, orkestra (./.) mus., theat. orchestra. — çukuru theat. orchestra pit. — şefi/yöneticisi mus. conductor, orkestralama mus. orchestration, orkestralamak hi mus. to orchestrate, orkestrasyon mus., see orkestralama, orkide (./.) bot. orchid, orkinos (/..) zool. tuna, Thunnus thynnus. orkit, -ti path, orchitis.
orkoz situation in which the southward flowing current in the Bosphorus begins to flow north, orlon (/.) Orion.
orman forest; woods. — gibi colloq. 1. overgrown (garden). 2. thick (hair). 3. bushy/ beetling/beetle (eyebrows). — kanunu colloq. the law of the jungle. — kebabı a stew made of mutton and vegetables. — kibarı colloq. bear (said of a person). — taşlamak colloq. to try to learn another’s thoughts in a roundabout way. — yangını forest fire, ormancı 1. forester; forest ranger. 2. forestry specialist.
ormancılık 1. forestry (the science). 2. being a forester or forest ranger, ormanhorozu, -nu (./...) zool. cock of the wood, capercaillie, Brit, wood grouse, Tetrao urogallus. ormanlaşma becoming forested, ormanlaşmak to become forested, ormanlaştırma III afforesting, afforestation, ormanlaştırmak hi to afforest, ormanlık 1. heavily forested; thickly wooded. 2. forestlike; woodsy. 3. heavily forested area.
ormansarmaşığı, -m (..'....) bot. virgin’s bower, Clematis virginiana. ormansıçanı, -m (./...) zool. wood mouse, Mus sylvaticus.
ormansız forestless, lacking in forests/woods, ormansızlaştırma hi deforesting, deforestation, ormansızlaştırmak hi to deforest, ormantavuğu, -nu (./...) zool. grouse, Tetra-onidae.
ormantırmaşıkkuşu, -nu (./..........) zool. tree
   creeper, Certhia. ormantik slang romantic, ormantoygan, -ni (./...) zool. wood lark, Lullula arborea. ornatma /ı, a/ chem. substituting (one thing) for (another), ornatmak h, al chem. to substitute (one thing) for (another), ornitolog ornithologist, ornitoloji ornithology.
ornitorenk zool. ornithorhynchus, platypus, duckbill, Ornithorynchus anatinus. orojeni geol. orogeny, orogenesis, orojenik geol. orogenic, orogenetic.
 orospu                                              657
                                                                orospu vulg. prostitute, whore, harlot. — bohçası gibi colloq. very untidy-looking (thing), orospuluk vulg. 1. prostitution. 2. dirty trick, treachery, backstabbing. — yapmak vulg. 1. to engage in prostitution. 2*. to pull something dirty, do something treacherous, orostopolluk slang trick, ruse; piece of foxiness, orsa (/.) naut. 1. the weather side (of a ship).
    2. (a ship’s) being turned into the wind. — alabanda naut. Hard alee!/Down with the helm! — boca see orsa poca. — etmek naut. to luff up, go nearer the wind. — gitmek naut. to hug the wind, sail close to the wind. poca 1. naut. tacking and veering, luffing and falling off. 2. colloq. (doing s.t.) after meeting with various difficulties, orsalama naut. hugging the wind, sailing close to the wind, orsalamak naut. to hug the wind, sail close to the wind.
orsalatma hf naut. making (a ship) hug the wind.
orsalatmak hf naut. to make (a ship) hug the wind.
orta 1. middle, middle part, central part. 2. middle, central (thing). 3. moderate; average, middling. 4. phys. place, locus, field, —da
    1. in the middle. 2. in public, publicly. 3. evident, obvious. — akıncı soccer center forward. —ya almak hf to put (s.o./s.t.) in the middle; to surround. — ya atılmak 1. to be suggested, be proposed, be thrown out for consideration. 2. to sally forth, go forth.
    —ya atmak hf to suggest, throw (s.t.) out for consideration. — baklası colloq. loose woman, —da bırakmak hi to leave (s.o.) in the lurch, leave (s.o.) in a difficult situation. —ya bir balgam atmak vulg. to throw a monkey wrench into the works, say something that upsets things (just at a point when all’s going well). — boy 1. middle-sized. 2. middle-sized thing. — boylu (person) of medium height, —smı bulmak colloq. 1. to do something in moderation, take the middle course. 2. Iml to reconcile. 3. Iml to divide Xs.t.) into two equal parts. — ya çıkarmak
    1. hi to expose, reveal, bring (s.t.) to light.
    2. to create, introduce (a new thing). — ya çıkmak 1. to appear, come on the scene. 2.
    (for s.t.) to come to light. — dalga radio medium frequency. — derece/derecede of middling quality. — dikme geom. perpendicular bisector. — direk 1. naut. mainmast. 2. colloq. middle class, middle-class people.
    —ya dökmek III colloq. to disclose, make (s.t.) public. — ya düşmek colloq. to become a prostitute, —da fol yok yumurta yokken colloq. for no apparent reason whatsoever.
    —  halli colloq. middle-class. — hece yutumu ling, haplology. — hizmetçisi housemaid. —. hizmeti/işi housework, —dan kaldırmak III 1. to hide, put (s.t.) out of sight.
    2. colloq. to eliminate, eradicate, do away
                                                                                            ortakçılık
   with, remove, abolish. 3. colloq. to kill, rub out, do away with, make away with, put away, remove, —dan kalkmak colloq. to disappear; to be removed, —da kalmak colloq. 1. to be left without house/home, be left homeless. 2. to be caught in the middle (when two of one’s friends are quarreling with each other). — karar colloq. of middling quality, —dan kaybolmak colloq. to disappear. —ya koymak III colloq. 1. to bring up (a matter), put forth (s.t.) for consideration. 2. to create, produce. — kuşak the Temperate Zone. — malı colloq. 1. something everyone uses in common. 2. commonplace, stale, stereotyped. 3. loose woman, woman who sleeps around. — parmak see ortaparmak. — nm sağı 1. pol. group that’s to the right of the center. 2. slang very sweet (coffee). — salun arch, central nave. —nm solu 1. pol. group that’s to the left of the center. 2. slang (coffee) with little sugar, —dan söylemek colloq. to make some barbed remarks (about s.o. within earshot without mentioning that person’s name). — şekerli (coffee) with a middling amount of sugar in it. — taş devri the Mesolithic Age.
   —  terim log. middle term. — ya vurmak hi colloq. to expose; to disclose; to make (s.t.) public. — yaş middle age. — yaşlı middle -aged.
Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti, -ni the Central African Republic, ortaağırlık (./...) 1. middleweight (boxer/ wrestler). 2. a class in boxing (not over 75 kg.); a class in wrestling (not over 79 kg.), ortaç gram, participle, verbal adjective, ortaçağ (./.) the Middle Ages, ortadamar (./..) bot. the large vein in the middle of a plant leaf, ortaderi (./..) biol. mesoderm.
Ortadoğu (./..) the Middle East, ortaelçi (./..) minister plenipotentiary, minister, ortak 1. partner; associate. 2. accomplice. 3. common, held in common, shared. 4. fellow wife (in a polygamous household). — etmek hi to make (s.o.) a partner, take (s.o.) on as a partner. — gemisi yürümüş, elti gemisi yürümemiş, proverb (The ship manned by fellow-wives sailed, but the one manned by the wives of brothers did not.) One’s wives will get along fine with each other, but the wives of two brothers won’t get along with each other. — olmak 1. /a/ to participate in, share in. 2. /la/ to become a partner with; to become partners. — ölçülmez sayılar math. incommensurable numbers. — ölçülür sayılar math, commensurable numbers. O— Pazar the Common Market. — tam bölen math, common divisor, common factor, ortakçı 1. someone who assists a farmer in return for a share of the crop. 2. biol. commensal.
ortakçılık 1. being someone who assists a
ortakkat
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Osmanlı
   farmer in return for a share of the crop. 2. biol. commensalism. ortakkat, -ti (./.) math, common multiple, ortaklaşa 1. (doing s.t.) together, jointly, as partners; collectively. 2. joint, common, shared, ortaklaşacı sociol. 1. (a) collectivist. 2. collectivist, collectivistic. ortaklaşacılık sociol. collectivism, ortaklaşma entering into partnership with someone, becoming partners, ortaklaşmak to enter into partnership with someone, become partners, ortaklık partnership; firm; company, corporation. —i bozma/giderme law dissolution of a partnership. — öküzden, başka (başlı başına) buzağı yeğdir, proverb It’s better to be the sole owner of something small than to be a part owner of something big. ortakulak (./..) anat. middle ear, tympanum, ortakyapim (./..) joint production, ortakyaşama (./...) biol. symbiosis, ortakyaşar (./..) biol. 1. symbiont. 2. symbiotic, ortakyönetim (./...) coalition, ortalama 1. average, mean. 2. (an) average, (a) mean. 3. (dividing s.t.) straight down the middle. 4. /i/ dividing (s.t.) in half; splitting/ cutting (s.t.) down the middle. 5. /i/ reaching the middle/the midpoint of. ortalamak !\l 1. to reach the middle of, reach the midpoint of. 2. to divide (s.t.) in half; to split/cut (s.t.) down the middle. 3. soccer (from a position at the side of the field) to send (the ball) through the air straight towards the goal, ortalaşım mus. temperament, tempering, modification (of musical intervals), ortalık 1. one’s immediate surroundings, the area around one. 2. middle, central. — ta in view, in sight. — ağarmak for it to get light outside (as dawn breaks). — ı birbirine katmak colloq. to put everybody in a state of alarm and confusion; to stir up a ruckus. — bozulmak colloq. 1. for public morals to go to the dogs. 2. for law and order to cease to exist, —i çorbaya çevirmek/döndürmek colloq., see ortalığı birbirine katmak, —a düşmek colloq. to become a prostitute. — düzelmek colloq. 1. for public morals to improve/get better. 2. for law and order to return. — ı ... götürmek colloq. (for s.t.) to cover the whole place. — ta kalmak colloq. to be left all on one’s own, be left all by o.s.
   —     kararmak for it to get dark (at sunset, owing to dark clouds). — karışmak colloq. for trouble and violence to break out. — ı süpürmek to sweep a place. — i toplamak to tidy up, put a place in order. — ı toz pembe görmek colloq. to see the world through rose-colored glasses. — ı tutmak colloq. (for a sound/smoke/a smell) to fill the air. — yatışmak colloq. for a degree of law and order to be restored, for things to calm down, ortam 1. environment, surroundings; atmo-
. sphere, milieu. 2. comp, medium.
*ortanca 1. the second child (in a family which has three children). 2. second (child in a family which has three children). 3. middle -sized thing. 4. middle-sized (thing). 2ortanca (./.) bot. hydrangea, Hydrangea hor-tensia.
ortaokul (./..) formerly junior high school, middle school, ortaoyunu, -nu (./...) a theatrical genre once popular in Turkey, ortaöğretim (..'...) secondary education, ortaparmak (./..) middle finger, ortasiklet, -ti (./..) 1. middleweight (boxer/ wrestler). 2. a class in boxing (not over 75 kg.); a class in wrestling (not over 79 kg.), ortaşım psych, association, ortayuvar (./..) mesosphere.
Ortodoks 1. Eastern Orthodox, Orthodox. 2. (an) Orthodox, (a) member of the Eastern Orthodox Church, ortodoks orthodox; approved; conventional. Ortodoksluk Eastern Orthodoxy, Orthodoxy, ortodonti orthodontics, ortoklaz geol. orthoclase. ortopedi orthopedics, ortopedik orthopedic, ortopedist, -ti orthopedist, ortoz geol., see ortoklaz. oruç fast (a religious exercise). — açmak to break one’s fast (at the proper time, e.g. sunset for Muslims observing the Ramazan fast). — bozmak 1. to break one’s fast (at an improper time, e.g. before sunset). 2. to break one’s fast (at the proper time). — tutmak to fast. — yemek not to fast, oruçlu (s.o.) who is fasting, oruçsuz (s.o.) who is not fasting, orun office, place of work (of a high official), orya (/.) playing cards diamond, oryantal, -li Oriental, oriental. — dans belly dance.
oryantalist, -ti Orientalist, orientalist, person versed in oriental subjects, oryantalizm Orientalism, orientalism.
Os chem. Os (osmium).
Oset 1. Ossete, Osset. 2. Ossetian, Ossetic. Osetçe (./.) 1. Ossetic, the Ossetic language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Ossetic, Ossetic. 3. Ossetic (speech/writing); spoken in Ossetic; written in Ossetic.
Osetiya (./..) see Osetya.
Osetya (./.) Ossetia, oski slang (a) gold lira.
Osmanlı (..'.) 1. (an) Ottoman, (an) Ottoman Turk. 2. Ottoman, —nin ayağı üzengide gerek. proverb (An Ottoman should keep his feet in his stirrups.) A cavalryman or mounted gendarme should be constantly in the saddle, if he’s to do his job properly, —nin ekmeği dizi üstündedir, proverb 1. An Ottoman usually eats while he rides, as he spends so much time on horseback. 2. An Ottoman
Osmanlıca
659
otokrasi
   is ungrateful. — İmparatorluğu the Ottoman Empire. — kademi a measure of length equal to half an arşın (nearly 15 inches). — küşadı a kind of backgammon. — tavşanı araba ile avlar, proverb (An Ottoman hunts rabbits from a carriage.) 1. An Ottoman doesn’t like to exert himself very much. 2. An Ottoman will do something cleverly and without expending too much effort. Osmanlıca (../.) 1. Ottoman Turkish, Ottoman, the Ottoman Turkish language. 2. (speaking/ writing) in Ottoman Turkish, Ottoman Turkish. 3. Ottoman Turkish (speech/writing); spoken in Ottoman Turkish; written in Ottoman Turkish, osmiyum (/..) chem. osmium, osmoz see ozmos. osteoloji osteology, osteom path, osteoma, osteoporoz path, osteoporosis, osurgan vulg. (s.o.) who farts a lot. — göte arpa ekmeği bahane, proverb 1. A sickly person will often ascribe his poor health to everything except his own weak constitution. 2. Some people will latch on to the flimsiest of excuses, rather than accept the blame for their own mistakes, osurganböceği, -ni (../...) zool. bombardier beetle, Brachinus crepitans. osurmak vulg. to fart, break wind, osuruk vulg. fart, —la boya boyanmaz, proverb Halfway measures won’t get a thing done right. —u cinli slang very touchy (person), —unu düğümlemek Iml slang to scare the shit out of (s.o.). — lu göte arpa ekmeği bahane. proverb, see Osurgan göte arpa ekmeği bahane, osurukağacı, -nı (../...) bot. ailanthus, tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima. oşinografi oceanography, ot, -tu 1. weed; (a) wild grass; herb. 2. medicine. 3. poison. 4. slang hashish, hash. 5. (cushion/pillow/mattress) that has been stuffed with dried grasses. — u çek, köküne bak. proverb If you want to learn something about a person, learn something about the family he/she comes from. — tutunmak to rub a depilatory on one’s body (see hamam-otu). — yemek slang to smoke hash. — yiyen herbivorous. — yoldurmak /a/ colloq. to put (s.o.) to a lot of trouble, otacı prov. 1. herbalist. 2. medical doctor, otağ pavilion, large and luxurious tent (used by a sultan/a grand vizier), otak see otağ.
otalama hi prov. 1. poisoning. 2. treating medically.
otalamak hi prov. 1. to poison. 2. to treat medically.
otama hi prov. treating medically, otamak hi prov. to treat medically, otantik authentic.
otarma l\l prov. pasturing (an animal).
otarmak hi prov. to pasture (an animal), otarşi autarky, economic self-sufficiency, otçu 1. person who has a reputation for curing the sick in a village. 2. herbalist, otçul herbivorous, otel hotel.
otelci hotelkeeper, hotelier, otelcilik 1. being a hotelkeeper. 2. operating a hotel, hotel management, otistik psych, autistic, otizm psych, autism.
otlak 1. pasture, grassy area (used as a pasture).
   2.     grassy, abounding in grass, otlakçı slang 1. sponger, freeloader. 2. (s.o.)
   who sponges, freeloading. otlakçılık slang being a sponger, sponging, freeloading.
otlakiye (.— ..) 1. tax paid by those who pasture their animals on government land. 2. slang sponging, freeloading. otlama 1. grazing, pasturing. 2. slang sponging, freeloading.
 otlamak 1. to graze, pasture. 2. slang to sponge, freeload.
otlanma 1. grazing, pasturing. 2. (of a pasture) being grazed over, otlanmak 1. to graze, pasture. 2. (for a pasture) to be grazed over, otlatılma (of animals/an animal) being put out to pasture.
 otlatılmak (for animals/an animal) to be put out to pasture.
 otlatma hi putting (animals/an animal) out to pasture.
 otlatmak hi to put (animals/an animal) out to pasture.
otlu 1. grassy; herby, abounding in herbs. 2.
   flavored with herbs, otlubağa (./..) zool. toad, Bufo. otluk 1. hayrick, haystack; hayloft. 2. grassy place.
oto (/.) auto, car, automobile. — galerisi automobile showroom; automobile sales lot. otoban autobahn.
otobiyografi (/.....) autobiography.
otobiyografik (/.......) autobiographical, auto-
   biographic, otobur herbivorous, otoburluk herbivorousness, otobüs bus. —ü kaçırmak colloq. to miss an opportunity, miss the boat, otobüsçü 1. person who owns and operates a line of buses. 2. bus driver, otobüsçülük 1. being an owner and operator of buses. 2. being a bus driver, otodidakt, -ti (/...) self-taught person, auto-didact.
otoerotizm (/....) autoerotism, otogar bus station, bus depot (for intercity buses).
otokar (large, well-appointed, intercity) bus. otoklav autoclave (used for sterilizing), otokrasi autocracy.
otokrat                                               660
otokrat, -tı autocrat.
otokritik self-criticism, autocriticism.
otolit, -ti anat. otolith, ear stone.
otoman 1. (an) ottoman (a kind of couch). 2.
   (an) ottoman (a large footstool). 3. ottoman (a fabric), otomasyon automation.
otomat, -ti 1. robot, automaton. 2. apparatus for heating water as it is drawn, Brit, geyser. 3. system in which electric lights (usually those of a hallway/a stairway) are turned on manually and turned off automatically; the button controlling such a system, otomatik 1. automatic. 2. system in which electric lights (usually those of a hallway/a stairway) are turned on manually and turned off automatically; the button controlling such a system. — olarak automatically, otomatikleşme becoming automatic, otomatikleşmek to become automatic, otomatikman (.../.) automatically, otomatizm automatism, otomobil car, automobile. — kullanmak to drive a car.
otomotiv automotive. — sanayii the automotive industry, the motor vehicle industry, otomotris motor car (used on a railroad or streetcar line), otonom autonomous, otonomi autonomy.
otopark, -ki parking lot; parking garage; Brit.
4 car park.
otoplasti med. autoplasty, otopsi autopsy, postmortem examination, postmortem.
otoray autorail, autorailer (automobile that can be operated on a railroad, as well as a highway).
otorite authority, power, otoriter authoritarian, otosist, -ti anat. otocyst. otoskop, -pu med. otoscope, otostop, -pu hitchhiking. — yapmak to hitchhike.
otostopçu hitchhiker.
ototrof biol. 1. (an) autotroph, (an) autotrophe.
   2.     autotrophic. ototrof! biol. autotrophy, otoyol superhighway, otsu herbaceous.
otsul see otsu.
oturacak something to sit on, seat, oturak 1. low stool. 2. bottom, base; foundation.
   3.  thwart (seat for a rower). 4. chamber pot, slop jar; potty. 5. prov. a drinking party featuring music and a dancing woman. 6. prov.
   (s.o.) who’s housebound because he/she can’t walk easily. — âlemi prov. a drinking party featuring music and a dancing woman.
oturaklı 1. (object) which has a solid base/ foundation; (object) which won’t tip over easily. 2. colloq. sedate; dignified; serious -minded, sober. 3. colloq. well-chosen, very
                                                                                                   oturuşlu
   appropriate (words), oturaklılık colloq. sedateness; dignity; serious -mindedness, sobriety, oturma 1. sitting. 2. /a/ sitting down (on), sitting (upon). 3. /da/ living/dwelling in (a place); H2J living with (s.o.). 4. /a/ (of s.t.) fitting on (s.t.). 5. /üstüne/ (of a garment) fitting (s.o.). 6. /a/ taking up (a post/an appointment). 7. settling, subsiding (of a building/a wall/a pavement/earth); settling (of particles suspended in a liquid). 8. colloq. catching on, taking root, becoming popular, being accepted. — belgesi residence permit. — grevi sit-down strike, sit-down, sit-in. — odası living room, Brit, sitting room, Brit, lounge, oturmak 1. to sit. 2. /a/ to sit down (on), sit (upon). 3. /da/ to live/dwell in (a place); /la/ to live with (s.o.). 4. /a/ (for s.t.) to fit on (s.t.). 5. /üstüne/ (for a garment) to fit (s.o.). 6. (for s.o.) to take up (a post/an appointment): Bakan makamına oturdu. The minister has taken up his post. 7. (for a building/ a wall/a pavement/earth) to settle, subside; (for particles suspended in a liquid) to settle. 8. /a/ colloq. to cost: Bana pahalıya oturdu. It cost me a lot. 9. colloq. (for s.t.) to catch on, take root, become popular, be accepted. 10. (for a ship) to run aground, oturduğu dalı kesmek colloq. to cut off the very branch one is sitting on, cut the ground from under one’s own feet, oturmaya gitmek /a/ colloq. to go to see (s.o.), go to visit (s.o.). oturup kalkmak /la/ colloq. to act on, follow (s.o.’s advice), oturmuş established: oturmuş bir firma an established firm, oturtma 1. Ill seating, sitting (s.o.) down. 2. hi putting/placing (s.t.) (in a specified place); setting, mounting (a jewel). 3. hi letting (s.o.) sit. 4. hi letting (s.o.) live/dwell (in). 5. hi running (a ship) aground. 6. hi setting (a hen). 7. /1, a/ making (s.t.) fit on (s.t. else). 8. cookery a dish made of ground meat and vegetables.
oturtmak 1. hi to seat, sit (s.o.) down. 2. hi to put/place (s.t.) (in a specified place); to set, mount (a jewel). 3. Ill to let (s.o.) sit. 4. Ill to let (s.o.) live/dwell (in). 5. hi to run (a ship) aground. 6. Ill to set (a hen). 7. /i, a/ to make (s.t.) fit on (s.t. else), oturtmalık arch, stereobate, basement, oturtulma 1. being seated. 2. (of s.t.) being put/ placed (in a specified place), oturtulmak 1. to be seated. 2. (for s.t.) to be put/placed (in a specified place), oturulmak impersonal passive 1. to sit. 2. /da/ to live/dwell in (a place); /la/ to live with (s.o.).
                                                              oturum 1. session, sitting; hearing (in court).
   2. residence, residing, oturuş way of sitting, sit. oturuşlu colloq. 1. (s.o.) who has (a certain) way of sitting. 2. (place) that’s fit to live in.
oturuşmak
 661
oyma
                                                             oturuşmak prov. to calm down; to slow down, otuz thirty. — bir a card game. — bir çekmek slang to masturbate, Brit, wank off. — iki dişten çıkan, otuz iki mahalleye yayılır. proverb News carried on the grapevine gets spread far and wide, otuzar thirty each, thirty apiece; thirty at a time, otuzuncu 1. thirtieth, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is thirtieth in a countable series: otuzuncu gün the thirtieth day. 2. thirtieth, in the thirtieth place.
ova (grassy) plain, champaign, savanna, oval, -li 1. oval (shape). 2. (an) oval, ovalama hi 1. breaking up, crumbling (s.t.) with one’s fingers. 2. massaging, kneading, ovalamak hi 1. to break up, crumble (s.t.) with one’s fingers. 2. to massage, knead, ovalanma 1. being crumbled. 2. being massaged/kneaded, ovalanmak 1. to be crumbled. 2. to be massaged, be kneaded, ovalatma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) crumble (s.t.).
   2. having (s.o.) massage/knead (s.t.). ovalatmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) crumble (s.t.).
   2. to have (s.o.) massage/knead (s.t.). ovalı 1. (s.o.) who lives in a plain, lowland. 2.
   someone who lives in a plain, lowlander. ovalık (area) which contains grassy plains, ovdurma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) massage/knead/ rub (a part of one’s body). 2. having (s.o.) rub/scrub/scour, ovdurmak h, al 1. to have (s.o.) massage/knead/ rub (a part of one’s body). 2. to have (s.o.) rub/scrub/scour, ovma hi 1. massaging, massage, kneading, rubbing. 2. rubbing, scrubbing, scrub, scouring, ovmaç prov. 1. freshly made tarhana. 2. a thick soup.
ovmak hf 1. to massage, knead, rub. 2. to rub, scrub, scour, ovogon bot. oogonium, ovolit, -ti geol. oolite, ovucu masseur; masseuse, ovulma 1. being massaged/kneaded/rubbed. 2.
   being rubbed/scrubbed/scoured, ovulmak 1. to be massaged, be kneaded, be rubbed. 2. to be rubbed, be scrubbed, be scoured, ovunma massaging o.s. ovunmak to massage o.s. ovuşturma hf 1. massaging, kneading, rubbing. 2. rubbing (one’s hands) together; wringing (one’s hands). 3. rubbing (one’s eyes) with one’s hands, ovuşturmak III 1. to massage, knead, rub. 2. to rub (one’s hands) together; to wring (one’s hands). 3. to rub (one’s eyes) with one’s hands.
                                                             oy 1. vote. 2. ballot. 3. opinion, view. — birliği
    1. unanimity. 2. unanimous vote. — birliğiyle unanimously. — çokluğu majority, majority of votes. — hakkı the right to vote, the franchise, —a koymak hi to put (s.t.) to
    a vote, —/—unu kullanmak to vote, cast one’s vote. — pusulası ballot. — sandığı ballot box. — vermek 1. to vote, cast one’s vote. 2. lal to vote for. oya a kind of embroidery (used as edging on a garment/a cloth). — gibi colloq. delicate and lovely.
oyacı maker/seller of oya.
’oyalama III 1. detaining (s.o.) (so that he/she is delayed in doing s.t.). 2. putting (s.o.) off with trumped-up excuses. 3. distracting, keeping (s.o.) busy; diverting, amusing. 2oyalama hi edging (s.t.) with oya.
’oyalamak III 1. to detain (s.o.) (so that he/she is delayed in doing s.t.). 2. to put (s.o.) off with trumped-up excuses. 3. to distract, keep (s.o.) busy; to divert, amuse.
2oyalamak hi to edge (s.t.) with oya. oyalandırma hi see ’oyalama, oyalandırmak III see ’oyalamak, oyalanma 1. distracting o.s., keeping o.s. amused (in order to ward off boredom/ sadness). 2. being detained/put off/distracted/ amused.
oyalanmak 1. to distract o.s., keep o.s. amused (in order to ward off boredom/sadness). 2. to be detained/put off/distracted/amused, oyalı edged with oya.
oydaş /la/ of the same opinion (as), in agreement (with); like-minded, oydurma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) hollow (s.t.) out.
   2.     having (s.o.) cut/chisel/carve/engrave a design in/on (s.t.). oydurmak /i, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) hollow (s.t.) out. 2. to have (s.o.) cut/chisel/carve/engrave a design in/on (s.t.). oygubaski (./..) photogravure, heliogravure (the process), oylama putting (s.t.) to a vote, oylamak III to put (s.t.) to a vote, oylanma being put to a vote, oylanmak to be put to a vote, oylaşım deliberation, discussion, oylaşma hi deliberating, discussing, oylaşmak hi to deliberate, discuss, oyluk anat., see uyluk.
oylum 1. volume; bulk. 2. volume, capacity: 3. quantity, amount. 4. fine arts depth, a three -dimensional effect. 5. hollow place, cavity, hole. 6. hollow (place); (s.t.) that’s been chiseled/carved/engraved. — oylum pleasantly irregular in outline, oylumlama hi fine arts modeling, giving (s.t.)
   a three-dimensional apperance. oylumlamak hi fine arts to model, give (s.t.) a three-dimensional appearance, oylumlu 1. (s.t.) which has volume. 2. bulky;
   voluminous, oyma 1. hi hollowing (s.t.) out. 2. Ill cutting/ chiseling/carving/engraving a design in/on (s.t.). 3. (a) carving, carved design. 4. print. the engraved design on a plate. 5. (s.t.) which has been cut/chiseled/carved/engraved in/on
oymabaskı                                          662
   something else, oymabaskı (./..) engraving (printing process which utilizes engraved plates), oymacı carver, chiseler; engraver, oymacılık 1. being a carver/a chiseler/an engraver. 2. the art of carving/engraving.
*oyinak hi 1. to hollow (s.t.) out. 2. to cut/chisel/ carve/engrave a design in/on (s.t.).
                                                                 2oymak 1. tribe, nomadic tribe. 2. troop of boy scouts. 3. prov. thimble. 4. bot. genus. — beyi scoutmaster, oymalı carved, chiseled; engraved. — yaprak bot. lobate leaf, lobed leaf, oynak 1. lively, frisky, active; mobile; flickering.
   2.  wavering, vacillating, irresolute. 3. frivolous but charming (woman). 4. mech. loose,
   (s.t.) which has play in it. 5. anat. (a) joint.
   6.  a rhythmic pattern in Turkish music. — ateş path, remittent fever. — kemiği colloq. kneecap.
oynaklık 1. liveliness, mobility. 2. vacillation, irresolution. 3. mech. looseness, play. — sayrılığı path. St. Vitus’s dance, chorea, oynama 1. playing, amusing o.s., fooling around. 2. dancing; gamboling, cavorting, frisking about; dancing (a dance). 3. moving, stirring, budging. 4. becoming loose; having play in it. 5. Ill playing (a game). 6. hi performing (a play). 7. hi playing (a card). 8.
   /la/ risking, playing around with, trifling with. 9. fluctuating, fluctuation, moving back and forth. 10. flickering. 11. /la/ monkeying with, tinkering with, tampering with, fooling with. 12. (of a film/a play) being on, playing, oynamak 1. to play, amuse o.s., fool around. 2. to dance; to gambol, cavort, frisk about; to dance (a dance). 3. to move, stir, budge. 4. to become loose; to have play in it. 5. Ill to play (a game). 6. Ill to perform (a play). 7. hi to play (a card). 8. /la/ to risk, play around with, trifle with. 9. to fluctuate, move back and forth. 10. to flicker. 11. /la/ to monkey with, tinker with, tamper with, fool with.
   12. (for a film/a play) to be on, be playing. Oynamasını bilmeyen kız: “Yerim dar,” demiş; yerini genişletmişler/bollatmışlar; “Gerim/Yenim dar,” demiş, proverb Some people will do anything but admit their own ignorance, oynaya oynaya colloq. joyfully, with great joy. oynanma 1. (of a game) being played. 2. (of a dance) being danced. 3. (of a play) being performed; (of a film) being shown. 4. (of a card) being played, oynanmak 1. (for a game) to be played. 2. (for a dance) to be danced. 3. (for a play) to be performed; (for a film) to be shown. 4. (for a card) to be played. 5. impersonal passive to play.
oynaş (illicit) lover, lovemate, paramour. — ina inanan avrat, ersiz kalır, proverb (A woman who trusts in her lover is left without a man.)
   One who entrusts a shady character with an
                                                                                                        oyun
   important matter is sure to be disappointed in the end.
oynaşma 1. playing with one another. 2. carrying on a love affair, oynaşmak 1. to play with one another. 2. to carry on a love affair, oynatılma 1. (of a game) being allowed to be played; being played. 2. (of a play/a film) being allowed to be shown; being shown. 3. (of s.o.) being allowed to perform, oynatılmak 1. (for a game) to be allowed to be played; to be played. 2. (for a play/a film) to be allowed to be shown; to be shown. 3. (for s.o.) to be allowed to perform, oynatma 1. hi manipulating (a puppet/a marionette); putting on (a puppet show). 2. hi making (s.o.) dance. 3. hi making (s.t.) move.
   4. Ill allowing (s.t.) to be played/performed.
   5. hi keeping (s.o.) amused. 6. /i, la/ allowing (one child) to play with (another). 7. colloq. going off one’s rocker, losing one’s mind, going off one’s nut.
oynatmak 1. hi to manipulate (a puppet/a marionette); to put on (a puppet show). 2. hi to make (s.o.) dance. 3. hi to make (s.t.) move.
   4. hi to allow (s.t.) to be played/performed.
   5. Ill to keep (s.o.) amused. 6. /i, la/ to allow (one child) to play with (another). 7. colloq. to go off one’s rocker, lose one’s mind, go off one’s nut.
oysa (/.) but, yet, however, whereas, oysaki (/..) see oysa.
oyuk 1. hollow, (s.t.) which has been hollowed out. 2. hollow place, cavity, hole, oyulga prov. basting, sewing (two pieces of cloth) loosely together, tacking, oyulgalama hi prov. tacking/basting (two pieces of cloth).
oyulgalamak hi prov. to tack/baste (two pieces of cloth).
oyulgama hi prov., see oyulgalama, oyulgamak hi prov., see oyulgalamak, oyulgan prov., path, ulcer, oyulma 1. (of s.t.) being hollowed out. 2. (of a design) being cut/chiseled/carved/engraved (in/on s.t.).
oyulmak 1. (for s.t.) to be hollowed out. 2. (for a design) to be cut/chiseled/carved/engraved (in/on s.t.).
                                                              oyum 1. hollowing. 2. cutting/chiseling/carving/ engraving. 3. hollow place, cavity, hole. 4. taproot (of a plant), oyumlama (of a plant) putting forth a taproot, oyumlamak (for a plant) to put forth a taproot, oyun 1. game. 2. play, theatrical presentation.
   3. dance, folk dance. 4. colloq. trick, ruse.
   5. wrestling a movement designed to throw one’s opponent off guard. — almak to win a game. — çıkarmak (for an acting troupe) to put on a performance; (for a team) to play a game. — ebesi the person who is “it” in a game. — etmek /a/ colloq. to play a trick on, pull a fast one on, hoodwink, dupe, —a
oyunbaz                                           663
   gelmek colloq. to be deceived, be hoodwinked, be duped, —a getirmek hi colloq. to deceive, hoodwink, dupe. — havası tune (which accompanies a folk dance). — kâğıdı (a) playing card. — oynamak 1. (for a child) to play. 2. /a/ colloq. to play a trick on, pull a fast one on, hoodwink, dupe. — vermek
   1. to put on a theatrical production, put on a play. 2. to lose a game. — yanmak for a game to be spoilt. — yapmak /a/ colloq. to play a trick on, pull a fast one on, hoodwink, dupe.
oyunbaz 1. tricky, deceitful. 2. trickster. 3. playful, frolicsome, oyunbazlık trickery, deceitfulness, oyunbozan 1. (person) who at the last minute refuses to do something he’s/she’s agreed to do^ (person) who quits when things don’t suit him/her. 2. spoilsport, oyunbozanlık being a spoilsport. — etmek to be a spoilsport; to pull out at the last minute; to quit when things don’t suit one. oyuncak 1. toy, plaything. 2. colloq. easy job, duck soup, child’s play. 3. colloq. trifling matter, unimportant thing. 4. colloq. puppet, tool, pawn.
oyuncakçı toy maker; toy seller, toyman. — dükkânı toyshop, toy store, oyuncakçılık being a maker/a seller of toys; the toy business, oyuncu 1. player (of a game). 2. actor; actress.
   3.    colloq. trickster. 4. colloq. playful, frolicsome. 5. colloq. tricky, deceitful, oyunculuk 1. being a player (of a game). 2.
                                                                                                ozonosfer
   acting, being an actor/an actress.. 3. colloq. trickery, deceitfulness. 4. colloq. playfulness, frolicsomeness, oyunevi, -ni (./..) theater, oyunlaştırma hi making (s.t.) into a play, dramatizing, dramatization, oyunlaştırmak hi to make (s.t.) into a play, dramatize.
oyuntu 1. hollow, place that’s been hollowed out. 2. armhole, opening for the arm in the body of a garment, ozalit, -ti print. Ozalid (a print made using the Ozalid process), ozan 1. poet. 2. wandering minstrel, ozanca (./.) (doing s.t.) as a poet might/would do it.
ozanlık 1. being a poet. 2. poetic gift, poetic talent.
ozansı 1. poetastrical, poetastric, stilted and artificial (writing). 2. (s.o.) who is a poetaster, ozansilik poeticality, artificiality; poetastering, poetastery, poetastry. ozmos osmosis.
ozokerit, -ti geol. ozokerite, ozocerite, earth wax, ader wax. ozon chem. ozone. — tabakası the ozone layer, ozonosphere. ozonlama III chem. 1. ozonizing, ozonization, converting (oxygen) into ozone. 2. ozonizing, treating/impregnating/combining with ozone, ozonlamak h! chem. 1. to ozonize, convert (oxygen) into ozone. 2. to ozonize, treat/impregnate/combine with ozone, ozonosfer ozonosphere.
• •
o
Ö the letter Ö (the nineteenth letter of the Turkish alphabet), ö (—) Ugh!/Oof! (used to indicate disgust). öbek group, mass, clump, heap, pile. — öbek in scattered groups/masses/clumps/heaps/ piles.
öbür the other (person/thing): Öbür adam kim? Who’s the other man? — adıyla alias ...: Osman, öbür adıyla Kemal Osman, alias Kemal. — dünya the world to come, the next world. — dünyaya göç etmek colloq. to pass on, die. — gün the day after tomorrow. — hafta the week after next, öbürkü, -nü colloq., see öbürü, öbürü, -nü the other one. öcü child’s language boogeyman, bogeyman, öç, -cü revenge. — almak 1. /dan/ to revenge
   o.s. on. 2. to get revenge. — çıkarmak /dan/ to revenge o.s. on.
’öd bile, gall. — ü bokuna karışmak vulg. to be badly frightened, be scared out of one’s wits. — kanalı anat. common bile duct, ductus choledochus, choledochus. —ünü koparmak/patlatmak Iml colloq. to scare the daylights out of (s.o.), scare (s.o.) out of his/ her wits. — ü kopmak/patlamak colloq. to be badly frightened, be scared out of one’s wits.
2öd 1. agalloch, aloeswood, eaglewood. 2. incense made of agalloch. ödağacı, -m (/...) bot. agalloch tree, Aquilaria agallocha. ödem path, edema, oedema, ödeme payment, —ler dengesi com., fin. balance of payments. — emri law (written) order for a payment to be made. — gücü law solvency. — güçlüğü fin. financial difficulty.
   —     kabiliyeti law, see ödeme gücü. — tarihi fin. redemption date. - — lerin tatili law suspension of payments, ödemek hf 1. to pay (a sum of money). 2. to pay for (s.t.). ödemeli 1. (s.t.) which has been sent C.O.D. (cash on delivery). 2. collect (telephone call/ telegram). 3. (sending s.t.) C.O.D.: Paketi ödemeli yolladım. I sent the package C.O.D.
    4.     (making a telephone call/sending a telegram) collect, ödence indemnity, compensation, ödene bank check, check, Brit, cheque, ödenek appropriation, allocation, subsidy, ödenekli subsidized.
Ödenme 1. being paid. 2. being paid for.
ödenmek 1. to be paid. 2. to be paid for. ödenti dues, monthly contribution (to a society/ a club).
ödeş mutual settling of (financial) accounts. — gödeş olmak colloq. to settle (financial) accounts with each other, settle up. ödeşme settling (financial) accounts with each other, settling up. ödeşmek to settle (financial) accounts with each other, settle up. ödetme /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) pay (a sum of money). 2. having (s.o.) pay for (s.t.). ödetmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) pay (a sum of money). 2. to have (s.o.) pay for (s.t.). ödev 1. duty, obligation. 2. assignment (given to a pupil/a student); homework (assigned to a pupil/a student). — bilmek/saymak hi to regard (s.t.) as one’s duty, ödevbilgisi, -ni (./...) deontology, ödevcil (s.o.) who has a strong sense of duty, who can be counted on to do his/her duty, ödevli /la/ (s.o.) who has taken (s.t.) on as a duty, who has been given the duty of; (s.o.) who is on duty, ödeyen banking payer.
ödkesesi, -ni (/...) anat. gall bladder. — çıkarımı surg. cholecystectomy. — ışınçekimi cholecystography. — yangısı path, cholecystitis.
ödlek cowardly, pusillanimous, ödsüz acholic. — işeme acholuria. öd taşı, -m (/..) cholelith, gallstone. — sayrılığı path, cholelithiasis, ödül 1. prize; reward. 2. fm. premium (of a bond). 3. (insurance) premium, ödüllendirme 111 awarding (s.o.) a prize; rewarding, giving (s.o.) a reward, ödüllendirmek 111 to award (s.o.) a prize; to reward, give (s.o.) a reward, ödün 1. (a) concession (s.t. given up in order to reconcile a difference). 2. (a) compensation. — vermek to make a concession; /a/ to appease/conciliate (s.o.) by making a concession (usually at the sacrifice of one’s principles).
ödüncü (s.o.) who is in favor of making a concession.
ödünç lent, loaned; borrowed; on loan. — alan borrower. — almak hi to borrow. — güle güle gider, ağlaya ağlaya gelir, proverb 1. It’s easy to lend something, but hard to get it back. 2. Something that’s in good condition when it’s lent is often in bad condition when
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    it’s returned. — para loan; borrowed money, r- veren lender. — vermek 1. h/ to lend (s.t.). 2. to lend, ödünleme compensation, making up for, counterbalancing. — kuramı the theory that a person experiences as much joy as he/she does sorrow, and vice versa, ödünlemek /ı/ to make up for, compensate for, counterbalance, ödyolu, -nu (/..) anat. bile duct. — ışmçekimi cholangiography. — uru path, cholangioma.
    —      yangısı path, inflammation of the bile duct, cholangitis, öf Ugh!/Oof! (used to indicate disgust). öfke anger; rage, wrath. — yle angrily. — baldan tatlıdır, proverb (Anger is sweeter than honey.) After you’ve blown your stack and gotten rid of your anger, you feel quite good, —ye binmek colloq. to get angry/enraged, —si burnunda colloq. foaming with anger/ rage, —si kabarmak colloq. to become very angry, flare up. —yle kalkan ziyanla/zararla oturur, proverb One often repents of that which one does in a fit of anger, —den köpürmek colloq. to foam with anger/rage, —si topuklarına çıkmak Iml colloq. to become very angry, see red. —sini yenmek colloq. to control one’s anger, get hold of
    o.s.
 öfkeci hot-tempered, choleric, öfkelendirme hi angering; enraging, infuriating, öfkelendirmek hi to anger; to enrage, infuriate, öfkelenme /a/ getting angry (at); getting enraged (at).
 öfkelenmek /a/ to get angry (at); to get enraged (at).
 öfkeli angry; enraged, wrathful; hot-tempered, choleric. — öfkeli angrily, öfleme saying “Ugh!”/“Oof!” öflemek to say j‘Ugh!”/“Oof!”
 Öğ. (abbr. for Öğretmen) Tchr. (Teacher), öğe element, component, —ler çizelgesi chem.
    periodic table, öğle noon, midday, —den ewel in the morning, a.m. —den sonra in the afternoon, p.m. — üstü see öğleüstü. — yemeği lunch, noon meal.
 öğlen 1. meridian. 2. colloq. noon, midday, öğlenci child who attends the afternoon session of an elementary school, öğlende see öğleyin, öğleüstü, -nü (./..) around noon, öğleyin at noon; around noon, öğme hi see övme, öğmek h! see övmek, öğrence lesson, class, course, öğrenci student; pupil. — kimliği student identification card (showing that one is a bona fide student in a specified school), öğrencilik being a student, ögrenek warning, example, lesson, öğrenilme (of s.t.) being learned, öğrenilmek (for s.t.) to be learned.
öğrenim education, schooling (acquisition of knowledge), öğrenimli educated.
öğrenimlik scholarship (grant of money used for study), öğrenimlilik being educated, öğrenimsiz uneducated, öğrenimsizlik being uneducated, öğrenme III learning, acquiring a knowledge of (s.t.). — isteği desire to learn, öğrenmek hi to learn; to learn how to (do s.t.);
   to learn about (s.t.). öğrenmelik scholarship (grant of money used for study), öğreti doctrine, principles, tenets, öğretici instructive, instructional, educational, didactic.
öğreticilik didactic quality, instructiveness, öğretilme /a/ being taught (to), öğretilmek /a/ to be taught (to), öğretim instruction, education. — bilgisi didactics. — görevlisi lecturer in a university (whose appointment is part-time/temporary).
   —      izlencesi curriculum. — özgürlüğü academic freedom. — programı curriculum. — üyesi university teacher who is either an associate or full professor. — yardımcısı university teacher who is not a lecturer and whose rank is below that of associate professor. — yılı academic year, school year, öğretme hi teaching (s.t.). öğretmek III to teach (s.t.). öğretmelik curriculum.
 öğretmen teacher. — okulu teachers’ training school.
öğretmenlik teaching, being a teacher, öğülme see övülme, öğülmek see övülmek.
öğün (a) meal (only used with adverbial expressions of time): Günde yalnız iki öğün yemek yer. He eats only two meals a day. öğünç see övünç, öğünme see övünme, öğünmek see övünmek, öğür prov. 1. of the same age, 2. (one’s) equal in age. 3. /a/ used to, accustomed to. 4. group, set; clique. — olmak /a/ to get used to.
öğürleşme /a/ prov. getting used to. öğürleşmek /a/ prov. to get used to. öğürlük prov. familiarity, close acquaintance with (s.t./s.o.). öğürme 1. making a retching sound (before/ when vomiting); retching. 2. prov. lowing, bellowing.
 öğürmek 1. to make a retching sound (before/ when vomiting); to retch. 2. prov. to low, bellow. öğüreceği gelmek to be very disgusted, feel like throwing up. öğürtleme hi prov. selecting (the best person/ thing); appointing (the best person), öğürtlemek III prov. to select (the best person/ thing); to appoint (the best person).
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 öğürtme /i/ causing (s.o.) to make retching sounds.
 öğürtmek hi to cause (s.o.) to make retching sounds.
öğürtü 1. making a retching sound. 2. retching sound. — gelmek to begin to make a retching sound, öğüş see övüş.
öğüt advice, counsel, recommendation; admonition. — vermek /a/ to advise, counsel, öğütçü adviser, counselor, öğütleme /ı, a/ advising (s.o.) (to do s.t.). öğütlemek /ı, a/ to advise (s.o.) (to do s.t.). öğütlenme 1. being advised/counseled. 2. /dan/ taking (s.t.) as a warning; learning a lesson from (a mishap), öğütlenmek 1. to be advised, be counseled. 2. /dan/ to take (s.t.) as a warning; to learn a lesson from (a mishap), öğütme hi 1. grinding (s.t.) (to a powder), grinding (s.t.) up. 2. digesting (food), öğütmek hi 1. to grind (s.t.) (to a powder), grind (s.t.) up. 2. to digest (food), öğütörnek (./..) 1. lesson learned through a misfortune. 2. unhappy event which serves as a deterrent. — almak /dan/ to take (s.t.) as a warning; to learn a lesson from (a mishap).
öğütücü 1. (s.t.) which grinds, grinding. 2. grinder, grinding machine. — diş dent, molar tooth, molar, öğütülme being ground, öğütülmek to be ground, öhö sound of a simulated cough (made to call attention to o.s. or to express contempt1 derision).
okaliptüs (../.) bot. eucalyptus, Eucalyptus. ökçe heel (of a shoe/a boot). — kemiği anat., see ökçekemiği. ökçekemiği, -ni (./...) anat. heel bone, calcaneus.
 ökçeli heeled/high-heeled (shoe).
 ökçesiz 1. heelless/flat-soled/low-heeled (shoe).
    2. slang cowardly, chicken-1 ivered. öke genius, person of genius, ökelik 1. genius, outstanding intelligence/ability. 2. the essential spirit or distinguishing characteristic (of a people).
 Oklid Euclid. — geometrisi Euclidean geom-etry.
 ökse 1. birdlime. 2. colloq. irresistibly attractive, (woman) who’s a man-trap. —ye basmak colloq. unwittingly to get o.s. into a heck of a mess. — çubuğu stick smeared with birdlime. —ye tutulmak colloq., see ökseye basmak.
 ökseinciri, -ni (./...) bot. mistletoe fig, Ficus diversifolia.
 ökseleme hi 1. smearing (s.t.) with birdlime, birdliming. 2. trapping, catching, ensnaring (s.o.).
 ökselemek hi 1. to smear (s.t.) with birdlime, birdlime. 2. to trap, catch, ensnare (s.o.).
ökseli 1. smeared with birdlime. 2. (s.t.) which contains birdlime, ökseotu, -nu (./..) bot. (European) mistletoe, Viscum album. ökseotugiller (./....) bot. Loranthaceae. öksü prov. piece of charred wood, öksürme coughing, cough; having a cough, öksürmek to cough; to have a cough. Öksürtme hi making (s.o.) cough, öksürtmek hi to make (s.o.) cough, öksürtücü (s.t.) which causes coughing, cough -inducing.
öksürük cough. — olmak to get a cough, develop a cough. — şurubu cough syrup, öksürüklü (s.o.) who has a cough. — tıksırıklı colloq. sickly (person), öksürükotu, -nu (../..) bot. coltsfoot, Tussilago farfara.
öksüz 1. orphan (child); half-orphan; fatherless; motherless. 2. (an) orphan; (a) fatherless child; (a) motherless child. 3. colloq. (s.o.) who is alone in the world, who has no friends/relatives: —ler anası/babası colloq. a person who takes care of the poor and the homeless. —ü dövmüşler, “Vay arkam,” demiş, proverb, see Öksüzün karnına vurmuşlar, “Vay arkam,” demiş. — güler mi? Meğer yanıla. proverb, see Öksüz neden güler? Yanılır da güler. — hırsızlığa çıkarsa ay ilk akşamdan doğar, proverb If a person is dogged by bad luck anything he/she tries to accomplish will be doomed to failure from the very outset, —ün karnına vurmuşlar, “Vay arkam,” demiş, proverb A helpless person needs a powerful protector to keep his/her oppressors at bay. — kendi göbeğini kendi keser, proverb A person with no one to look after him/her has no choice but to look after himself/herself. — kuzu toklu/ öveç olmaz, proverb A person who lacks friends/protectors won’t get very far in this world. — neden güler? Yanılır da güler. proverb There are times when unlucky people begin to think that their luck has turned; but such thoughts always turn out to be illusory. — oynağa çıkmış, ay akşamdan doğmuş. proverb, see Öksüz hırsızlığa çıkarsa ay ilk akşamdan doğar. — sevindiren colloq. cheap, but gaudy thing, öksüzbalığı, -nı (./...) zool. piper, European gurnard, Trig la lyra. öksüzlük 1. being an orphan, orphanhood. 2. colloq. being alone in the world, having no friends/relatives, öküz 1. ox. 2. colloq. dim-witted and clumsy person, oaf, dumb ox. 3. gambler’s slang loaded die. —ün altında buzağı aramak colloq. 1. to try to account for what one is doing with ridiculous excuses. 2. to bark up the wrong tree. — arabası ox-cart. — arabası gibi colloq. very slowly, at a snail’s pace. — ü bacaya çıkarmak colloq. to try to do an impossible job. — ü bıçağın yanma
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   götürmek colloq. to make a task more difficult than it need be, do something the hard way. — e boynuzu yük olmaz. (Öküze boynuzu ağır gelmez.) proverb You don’t feel the weight of those responsibilities which you are used to bearing. — boyunduruğa bakar gibi colloq. (looking at s.o ./s.t.) with hate in one’s eyes, hatefully. — e boyunduruğu kuyruğundan vurur, colloq. He’s about as incompetent as they come. — damı ox shed, shed where oxen are kept. — ü dama çıkarmak colloq., see öküzü bacaya çıkarmak. — gibi colloq. 1. stupid, dim-wit-ted. 2. stupidly, dim-wittedly. 3. as strong as an ox. — gibi bakmak colloq. to stare stupidly. — kafalı colloq. dimwit, dunderhead.
   —       öldü, ortaklık ayrıldı/bitti/bozuldu. proverb Now that the thing that held them together is no more, they have parted company. —ün trene baktığı gibi colloq. (staring) stupidly, dim-wittedly. öküzbalığı, -nı (./...) zool. walrus, Odobenus rosmarus.
öküzburnu, -nu (./..) zool. hornbill, Bucerotes. öküzdili, -ni (./..) bot. bugloss, common alka-net, Anchusa officinalis. öküzgözü, -nü (./..) bot. arnica, Arnica mon-tana.
öküzlük colloq. 1. stupidity, dim-wittedness. 2.
   stupid action, öküzsoğuğu, -nu (./...) six cold days in the latter half of April after the sun has entered Taurus.
ö\ prov. 1. moistness (of the soil). 2. wet place, muddy spot (in the ground), ölçek 1. criterion. 2. scale (as the scale of a map). 3. a unit of dry measure (equaling one fourth of a kile). 4. container which holds one ölçek.
Ölçer prov. (iron) poker (for a fire), ölçme 111 1. measuring. 2. evaluating, measuring the worth of. 3. comparing. 4. weighing . (one’s words), ölçmek /ı/ 1. to measure. 2. to evaluate, measure the worth of. 3. to compare. 4. to weigh (one’s words), ölçüp biçmek /ı/ to think about (s.t.) very carefully, look at (s.t.) from all angles, weigh up all the pros and cons of (a matter).
ölçmen engineer (e.g. an electrical engineer), ölçmenlik engineering, ölçtürme /ı, a/ having (s.o.) measure (s.t.). ölçtürmek /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) measure (s.t.). ölçü 1. measurement, measure, measuring. 2. unit of measurement. 3. measurement; size: masanın ölçüleri the table’s measurements.
   4. measure; proper degree; suitable limit, bounds. 5. mus. (a) measure. 6. poet, meter.
   —sünü almak Iml to measure. — belirteci gram, adverb of degree; adverb of frequency.
   —yü kaçırmak colloq. to go too far, exceed the proper limit, overdo things. — şeridi tape measure, measuring tape, —sünü vermek
   /m, a/ to give (s.o.) the measurements of. ölçübilim (./..) 1. metrology. 2. metrics, prosody.
ölçüdışı, -m (./..) excessive, exorbitant, ölçüleme hi adjusting, adjustment, regulation, setting.
ölçülemek l\l to adjust, regulate, set. ölçülme being measured, ölçülmek to be measured, ölçülü 1. measured. 2. measured, deliberate; prudent; moderate. — biçili colloq. carefully calculated. — davranmak to behave prudently, ölçülülük moderation.
ölçüm 1. measure, measurement, measuring. 2. measurement, size: arsanın ölçümü the dimensions of the lot. 3. result of an appraisal, —ünü bozmak to alter one’s behavior for the worse. — etmek to give o.s. airs, show off.
ölçümleme /ı/ 1. thinking (s.t.) over carefully.
   2.     estimating, appraising, ölçümlemek /ı/ 1. to think (s.t.) over carefully.
   2.     to estimate, appraise, ölçün standard, criterion, ölçünleme hi standardizing, standardization, ölçünlemek hi to standardize, ölçünleştirme hi standardizing, standardization, ölçünleştirmek hi to standardize, ölçünlü standard (thing), ölçünme hi pondering (s.t.) at length, ölçünmek hi to ponder (s.t.) at length, ölçüsüz 1. unmeasured; uncalculated. 2. measureless, incalculable. 3. careless, haphazard; imprudent; immoderate. 4. without stopping to think, unthinkingly, heedlessly, ölçüsüzlük 1. unmeasuredness. 2. measurelessness, incalculableness. 3. haphazardness; imprudence, immoderation, excessiveness, ölçüşme Aa/ 1. comparing one’s height with (s.o. else’s) (by standing either next to that person or at his/her back). 2. competing (with/against), ölçüşmek /la/ 1. to compare one’s height with (s.o. else’s) (by standing either next to that person or at his/her back). 2. to compete (with/against), ölçüştürme 111 1. comparing (two things) by putting them side by side. 2. having (two people) compare heights, ölçüştürmek 111 1. to compare (two things) by putting them side by side. 2. to have (two people) compare heights, ölçüt, -tü criterion, öldüren murderer, killer, öldüresiye (beating s.o.) until he’s/she’s almost dead; savagely, murderously, öldürme hi 1. killing; murdering. 2. getting rid of the pungent taste/smell in (a food). 3. killing (time), öldürmek 111 1. to kill; to murder. 2. to get rid of the pungent taste/smell in (a food). 3. to kill (time), öldürmen executioner.
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öldürmenlik being an executioner; the post of executioner, öldürtme /ı, a/ having (one person) kill (another); h! having (s.o.) killed, öldürtmek /ı, a/ to have (one person) kill (another); hi to have (s.o.) killed, öldürü murder, homicide, öldürücü 1. murderous; mortal, fatal, deadly; lethal. 2. oppressive, suffocating. 3. murderer, killer. — doz lethal dose. — gen biol. lethal gene.
öldürülen victim (of a murder), öldürülme being killed, öldürülmek to be killed, öldürüm murder, homicide. — girişimcisi person who attempts an assassination; assassin; conspirator. — girişimi attempt at assassination; assassination; conspiracy, ölesiye 1. excessively, desperately, intensely, violently. 2. until one dies, ölet, -ti prov. epidemic of a deadly disease, öleyazma (./..) averting death narrowly, having a close brush with death, almost dying, öleyazmak (..'..) to avert death narrowly, have a close brush with death, almost to die. ölgün 1. deathly looking, lifeless. 2. withered (plant/flower). 3. dead-calm (sea), ölgünlük complete lack of vitality, lifelessness, ölker prov. 1. fuzz, down (on fruit/plant parts).
    2.    nap (on soft, downy fabrics, e.g. velvet). Ölkersiz prov. 1. fuzzless (fruit). 2. (soft, downy fabric) which lacks a nap. — şeftali bot. nectarine, Prunus persica nectarina.
01m. (abbr. for Ölümü) d. (died), ölmek, -ür \. to die. 2. (for a plant/a flower) to wither. Ölenle birlikte ölünmez, proverb, see Ölenle ölünmez, öl dediği yerde ölmek, kal dediği yerde kalmak lınl colloq. automatically to obey (s.o.’s) every command. Ölme eşeğim ölme (çayır çimen bitecek). colloq. How much longer will this infernal wait continue?/If I have to keep on waiting like this, I may as well regard the whole thing as doomed to failure. Ölür müsün, öldürür müsün? colloq. I’ve been put in an impossible situation! Ölenle ölünmez. proverb It is wrong to kill oneself by grieving, since no amount of grieving can bring the dead back to life, ölüp ölüp dirilmek colloq. 1. finally to get well after being at death’s door several times. 2. to go through a number of trying situations; to be beset by a number of miseries/sorrows. Ölmek var, dönmek yok. colloq. We will die rather than turn back ./We’re going to get this done, even though we may die in the process. Ölürse yer beğensin, kalırsa el beğensin. proverb If yoîı want your children to be a credit to you, don’t hesitate to beat them, ölmez 1. immortal, undying, eternal. 2. tough, lasting, resistant (thing), ölmezdikeni, -ni (.....) bot. butcher’s-broom, Ruse us aculeatus.
ölmezleştirme hi immortalizing, immortalization.
ölmezleştirmek hi to immortalize, ölmezlik immortality. — suyu water of life, elixir.
ölmezoğlu, -nu (./..) colloq. tough, lasting, resistant (thing), ölmezotu, -nu (./..) bot. immortelle, everlasting flower, Xeranthemum inapertum. ölmüş 1. dead (person/thing). 2. dead person.
   —      eşek arıyor ki nalını söksün, colloq. You can’t be more penny-pinching than he/ she is! — koyun/eşek kurttan korkmaz. proverb A person who’s lost everything has no fear of being preyed upon, ölü 1. dead (person/thing). 2. deathly looking; lifeless, spiritless; dead, lacking in activity; feeble, weak. 3. corpse, body (of a person).
   4. body (of a dead animal). 5. slang loaded die; marked playing card. — açı mil. dead angle. — açımı autopsy, postmortem examination, postmortem. — aşkı necrophilia. — benzi deathly pale facial complexion. — dalga (a) swell, (a) long, low wave. — deniz naut. swell (after a storm). — dil (a) dead language. — sü dirisine binmek colloq. for people to stampede over each other. — doğum stillbirth. — fiyatına colloq. very cheap. — gibi colloq. as still as a corpse, —mü gör! colloq. I’ll just die./It’ll just kill me (if you don’t do as I beg you to). — gözü gibi colloq. very dull, pale, weak (light). —yü güldürür colloq. very funny.
   —sü kandilli slang damn, damned, wretched. —sü kandilli! slang The damned scoundrel !/The wretch! — katılığı rigor mortis. — kent ghost town. — sü kınalı slang, see ölüsü kandilli. — sü kınalı! slang, see Ölüsü kandilli! — korkusu necrophobia, —nün körü! colloq. Stop bothering me with questions !/Why don’t you just shut up? — mevsim dead season (the months when a business’ trade is slack). — sü ortada kalmak colloq. for (s.o.’s) body not to be claimed by anyone. — sünü öpmek Iml to kiss (s.o.’s) corpse (an expression used in oaths). — yü örtekorlar/örtekomuşlar, deliğe dürtekor-lar/dürtekomuşlar. proverb Once a person has died, he/she tends to be forgotten about with lightning-quick speed. — örtü bot. forest floor. — salı a bench on which a corpse is washed. — yin cadaver, ölüdoğa (./..) painting (a) still life, ölügövde (./..) cadaver.
ölük prov. 1. deathly looking, lifeless; weak. 2.
                                              Cadaver, ölülük morgue.
ölüm 1. death. 2. way of death, manner of dying. — Allahın emri. 1. God made man mortal. 2. I am not afraid of death (said after one has decided to run a great risk).
   —e bağlı tasarruflar law dispositions/arrangements which can only be carried out
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669
önalyuvar
   after someone has died. — le burun buruna gelmek colloq. to have a close brush with death. — cezası law the death penalty. — e çare bulunmaz, proverb There is no way to avoid death. — dirim bizim için, proverb, see Ölüm kalım bizim için. — dirim dünyası colloq. this world. — dirim meselesi colloq., see ölüm kalım meselesi. — döşeği deathbed. — ü gören hastalığa razı olur. proverb A person is willing to suffer a small loss to avert a major disaster. — ü göze almak to be willing to risk one’s life. — hak, miras helal, proverb There is nothing wrong in obtaining something by inheriting it. — kalım bizim için, proverb You should never lose sight of the fact that you will die one day. — kalım meselesi colloq. a matter of life or death; matter upon which the fate of everything/everyone hinges. —le öç alınmaz. proverb It is wrong to rejoice in the death of an enemy. — öncesi antemortem. —ün ötesi kolay, proverb Don’t worry about death and the hereafter; the real problem is getting through life here on this earth. — sessizliği deathly silence. — sıklığı death rate, —üne susamak colloq. to court death, gamble with one’s life. — var, dirim var. colloq. Death is an ever-present contingency. — yüz aklığı/ aklığıdır, proverb Death whitens somewhat the name of one whose life was a disgrace, ölümcül 1. mortal, fatal. 2. (s.o.) who is near death, dying.
Ölümlü mortal; transitory. — dünya this mortal world.
Ölümlük a sum of money one saves to pay for one’s burial, ölümlülük mortality; transitoriness, ölümsek prov. (s.o.) who’s at death’s door; (animal) which is about to die. ölümsü deathlike, deathly, ölümsüz immortal, ölümsüzlük immortality, ömür, -mrü 1. life, life-span. 2. colloq. (s.o.) who is amusingly odd, entertaining, —ünde never in all one’s life (used with a negative verb). — e bedel colloq. very valuable/beautiful; excellent, —üne bereket! colloq. 1. Thanks a million! 2. Bravo!/Wonderful! — ü billah colloq. 1. up until now. 2. never.
   —de bir colloq. once in a blue moon, very seldom. — boyu 1. lifelong. 2. all one’s life, throughout one’s life. — çürütmek colloq. to expend/waste a vast amount of time and energy. — geçirmek to live, spend one’s life.
   —ü oldukça as long as one lives; for the rest of one’s life, —ler olsun! May you live long! (said by an elder person to a younger one when the latter kisses the older person’s hand as a gesture of respect). — sürmek to live; to live a life of ease. — törpüsü colloq.
   1. long and exhausting business. 2. very wearisome person. — ü uzamak to live long; to last long. — ümün van colloq. my darling,
   light of my life. — ü vefa etmemek to die
    before attaining an end one has had in view.
ömürlü 1. long-lived. 2. lasting (a certain amount of time).
ömürsüz short-lived.
ön 1. front; Iml front part (of). 2. Iml space in front (of). 3. front; foremost; preliminary. 4. the time immediately before one, the immediate future, —ünde Iml in front of; before, in the presence of. —ünden Iml a little before. —ü almmak Iml colloq. to be nipped in the bud; to be stopped; to be checked.
    —e almak hi to give preference to. —ünü almak Iml colloq. to nip (s.t.) in the bud; to put a stop to; to check, —ünü ardını bilmek colloq. 1. to be cautious, be prudent. 2. to know how to conduct o.s. —ünde ardında dolaşmak Iml colloq. to follow (s.o.) everywhere. —ünü ardını düşünmemek Iml colloq. not to think (s.t.) through, not to consider (s.t.) carefully, —ünde ardında gidilmez. colloq. He’s/She’s not someone you can rely on. —üne arkasına bakmamak colloq. to be very careless, not to think things through.
    —  ayak olmak /a/ to be the initiator of (s.t.), get (s.t.) started, —üne bak. colloq. Look out!/Take care!/Watch out!/Watch your step! —üne bakmak colloq. to hang one’s head in shame, —üne bir kemik atmak Iml colloq. to throw (s.o.) a bone, give (s.o.) something that’ll keep him/her from talking. — cam auto, windshield. — çalışma preliminary study, —üne çıkmak hnf to appear suddenly in front of (s.o.); to waylay, —üne dikilmek Iml colloq. to plant o.s. squarely in front of (s.o.). — e düşmek colloq. to go in front; to lead the way. —üne geçmek Iml colloq. to nip (s.t.) in the bud; to put a stop to; to check. —de gelen foremost, —üne gelen colloq. anyone who comes along, anybody whatsoever, —üne geleni kapar, ardına geleni teper, colloq. He’s/She’s rude and hostile to everyone he/she comes into contact with. — e kamburluk path, lordosis, —üne katmak hi 1. to drive (an animal) in front of one. 2. to force (s.o.) to go before öne. —ünü kesmek Iml to block (s.o.’s) path; to waylay, —ünde perende atamamak Iml colloq. to be unable to fool (s.o.). — plana geçmek to become a matter of primary importance, come to the fore. — planda gelmek to be the most important thing, be the most urgent thing. — ü sıra gitmek Iml colloq. to go shortly ahead of (s.o.). — e sürmek hi to suggest, propose; to set forth. — tekerlek nereye giderse art tekerlek de oraya gider, proverb Children imitate the adults that are around them.
ön- prefix fore-, front ...; pre-.
önad (/.) adjective.
onalım (/..) law preemption. — hakkı law right of preemption.
önalyuvar (/...) biol. erythroblast.
önavurt
670
önleyici
önavurt (.'..) anat. alveolar ridge. — ünsüzü phon. alveolar consonant, önbelirti (/...) 1. portent, harbinger, forerunner.
   2.     path, prodrome, önbellek (/..) comp, cache memory, önbeyin (/..) anat. forebrain, prosencephalon, önbileşen (/...) log. antecedent (of a proposition).
önbilgi (.'..) the most basic principles (underlying a particular field of knowledge), önbili (/..) soothsaying, prediction, önbilici (/...) soothsayer, seer, oracle, önbilim (/..) the prescience of God. önce (/.) 1. first, at first. 2. before, ago. 3. /dan/ before ...: tatilden önce before the vacation. 4. the preceding period of time; the past. — düşün, sonra söyle, proverb Think before you speak. — gelme precedence. — gelmek /dan/ to precede. — iğneyi kendine batır, sonra çuvaldızı ele. proverb (First stick yourself with a needle and then jab someone else with a packing needle.) Before you do/say something unpleasant to someone else, think of how you’d feel if something like it were done/said to you. öncebilim (./..) the prescience of God. öncecilik initiative.
önceden (/..) 1. at first, in the beginning. 2. beforehand. 3. in advance. — ödenmiş prepaid.
önceki, -ni the preceding, former, öncel 1. predecessor. 2. log. antecedent, premise (of a syllogism). — belirleme phil. predestination. — düzen phil. the theory of pre-established harmony, önceleme /ı/ giving (s.t.) priority, öncelemek /ı/ to give (s.t.) priority, önceleri (/...) previously, formerly, öncelik priority; precedence, öncelikle (../.) (doing s.t.) first, before all else, öncesi, -ni the previous history of: bu adamın öncesi this man’s previous history, —ni kapsayan retroactive, öncesiz (s.t.) which has no beginning, eternal, öncesizlik past eternity, time without beginning, öncü 1. advance courier. 2. innovator; avant -gardist. 3. avant-garde, of the avant-garde.
   4. mil. (an) advance guard. 5. mil. advance, forward.
öncül log. premise (either of the first two propositions of a syllogism), öncülük being an advance courier/an innovator.
   —      etmek /a/ to be the initiator of (s.t.), get (s.t.) started, önçalışma (/...) preliminary study, öndamak (/..) anat. palate. — ünsüzü phon.
   palatal consonant, öndelik money paid in advance, advance, önder leader, chief, önderlik leadership; being a leader, öndeyiş (/..) prolog, Brit, prologue, öndölüt, -tü (/..) embryo, önduyu (/..) presentiment, premonition.
önebükülüm (./...) med. anteflexion, önedönüklük (./...) med., see önedönüm. önedönüm (./..) med. anteversion. önek, -ki (/.) gram, prefix, önel 1. grace period, respite, delay. 2. fixed period of time which follows a worker’s receipt of notice and precedes his/her actual separation from his/her place of employment, önem importance. — vermek /a/ to consider (s.o./s.t.) important. —i yok. colloq. It doesn’t matter./It’s not important, önemli important.
önemseme /ı/ considering (s.o./s.t.) important.
önemsemek hi to consider (s.o./s.t.) important.
önemsenme being considered important.
önemsenmek to be considered important.
önemsiz unimportant.
önemsizlik unimportance.
önerge proposal, motion.
öneri suggestion, proposal.
önerme 1. /ı/ proposing, suggesting. 2. log.
   proposition, premise, önermek /ı/ to propose, suggest, önermesel log. propositional. önerti log. antecedent (of a proposition), önesürüm (./..) assertion, claim, proposition, öneze prov. hunter’s blind, öngerilmeli (/....) arch, prestressed. — beton prestressed concrete, öngöğüs (/..) prothorax (of an insect), öngörme (/..) /if1. projecting, envisaging, envisioning. 2. keeping (s.t.) in mind, öngörmek (/..) /ı/ 1. to project, envisage, envision. 2. to keep (s.t.) in mind: öngörülme (/...) 1. being projected/envisaged/ envisioned. 2. being kept in mind, öngörülmek (/...) 1. to be projected, be envisaged, be envisioned. 2. to be kept in mind, öngörülü (/...) foresighted, prescient, öngün (/.) eve (the day before), önişlem (/..) pretreatment (of waste water before filtration), önkol (/.) anat. forearm. — kemiği anat. radius.
önlem measure, action, step (taken to correct, stop, or ensure the success of s.t.); preventive measure, precautionary measure. — almak to take measures (to correct, stop, or ensure the success of s.t.); to take preventive measures.
önleme fif 1. stopping, checking; preventing. 2.
   stopping, waylaying, önlemek /ı/ 1. to stop, check; to prevent. 2. to stop, waylay, önlemli prudent, cautious (person), önlemlilik prudence, cautiousness, önlenişiz imprudent, careless, önlemsizlik imprudence, carelessness, önlenme being stopped/checked; being prevented.
önlenmek to be stopped, be checked; to be prevented.
önleyici /if (s.t.) which stops/checks/prevents
önleyimevi
671
örgü
    (s.t.); preventive. — hekimlik preventive medicine.
önleyimevi, -ni (../..) med. preventorium, önlük apron; smock; laboratory coat; pinafore, önoda (/..) anat. anterior chamber of the eye, camera anterior bulbi. önoluş (/..) biol., see önoluşum. önoluşum (/...) biol. the theory of preformation, önödence (/...) fin. deposit, down payment, önörgü (/..) basic structure (of a literary work), önrapor (/..) preliminary report, önseçim (/..) pol. primary election, primary, önsel a priori.
önses (/.) ling, first sound of a syllable/a word, initial phoneme. — düşmesi phon. elision of the first sound of a word, aphaeresis, apheresis.
önsezi (/..) presentiment, premonition, önsoruşturma (/....) preliminary investigation, önsöz (/.) foreword, preface, introduction, önsözleşme (/...) preliminary agreement, önsuç (/.) crime for which one was convicted in the past, previous conviction, önsuçlu (/..) (s.o.) who has a criminal record, who has been previously convicted of criminal activity, öntakı (/..) gram, prefix, öntasar (/..) see öntasarı, öntasarı (/...) preliminary draft (of s.t. written), öntasım (/..) a syllogism whose conclusion is used as a premise in another syllogism, öntaslak (/..) preliminary sketch, öntüreme (/...) ling, prothesis, önyargı (/..) prejudice, önyargılı (/...) prejudiced, önyargılılık (/....) prejudice, being prejudiced, önyargısız (/...) unprejudiced, önyargısızlık (/....) lack of prejudice, unprejudicedness.
önyüz (/.) front side; face; front, facade, façade. önyüzbaşı, -yı (/...) formerly, mil. a senior captain.
öperleme slang kissing each other, smooching, öperlemek slang to kiss each other, smooch, öpme hi kissing.
öpmek hi to kiss. Öp babanın elini! colloq. What’s to be done now? öpüp de başına koymak /ı/ colloq. to accept (s.t.) with gratitude. Öpülecek el ısırılmaz. proverb (A hand that is worthy of being kissed shouldn’t be bitten.) One shouldn’t offend someone who deserves to be respected. Öp eşiği çık dışarı. colloq. (Kiss the threshold and get out.) You’ve lost, brother! öperken ısırmak colloq. to pretend to be one’s friend when he’s/ she’s actually selling one down the river/ stabbing one in the back, öptürme /ı, a/ letting (s.o.) kiss (o.s. or s.o. else); having (s.o.) kiss (s.o.); /1/ having (s.o.) kissed.
öptürmek /ı, a/ to let (s.o.) kiss (o.s. or s.o. else); to have (s.o.) kiss (s.o.); /1/ to have (s.o.) kissed.
öpücük kiss, —lere boğmak /ı/ colloq. to smother (s.o./an animal) with kisses. — göndermek/yollamak colloq. to blow kisses, öpülme being kissed, öpülmek to be kissed, öpüş kissing; way of kissing, öpüşme 1. /la/ kissing. 2. kissing one another.
   3.    slang collision (of two vehicles), öpüşmek 1. /la/ to kiss. 2. to kiss one another.
   3.    slang (for two vehicles) to collide, örcin archaic rope ladder, ördek 1. zool. duck, Anas. 2. urinal (for men).
    3.    slang extra passenger taken on at the bus driver’s discretion. — avlamak slang (for a bus driver) to look for extra customers along the way. — edalı colloq. (s.o.) whose walk resembles a duck’s waddle. — yürüyüşü duck waddle, duck walk, ördekbalığı, -nı (./...) zool. cuckoo wrasse, Labrus mixtus. ördekbaşı, -m (..'..) greenish blue, duck-head green.
ördekgagası, -m (./...) light orange color, ördekgiller zool. Anatidae. ördürme /i/ having (s.t.) knitted/braided; /i, a/ having (s.o.) knit/braid (s.t.). ördürmek /ı/ to have (s.t.) knitted/braided; /i, a/ to have (s.o.) knit/braid (s.t.). öreke 1. distaff. 2. birthstool, birth chair, öreleme hi prov. arranging, putting in order, örelemek 111 prov. to arrange, put in order, ören ruins (of a building/a structure/a city), örengülü, -nü (./..) bot. sweetbrier, sweetbriar, eglantine, Rosa eglanteria. örenyavşanı, -m (./...) bot. common wormwood, Artemisia absinthium. örf consuetude, consuetudo, custom, accepted practice. — ve âdet custom and usage. — ve âdet hukuku common law, consuetudinary law.
örfen (/.) according to the accepted practice;
   according to the common law. örf! (.—) law consuetudinary, customary. — idare obs. martial law. örge motif, örgen biol. organ.
örgenci phil. 1. (an) organicist. 2. organicistic. örgencilik phil. organicism. örgenleme hi phil. organizing, putting into working order, örgenlemek III phil. to organize, put into working order.
 örgenleşme biol. developing organs; becoming an organ.
örgenleşmek biol. to develop organs; to become an organ, örgenlik organism, örgensel organic, örgensellik organicity.
örgü 1. knitting, knit; darning; braiding; weave.
    2. knitted article, piece of knitting. 3. knitted (article). 4. plait, braid. 5. anat. plexus. 6. bond, system (according to which stones/
örgücü
672
örtülü
   bricks are placed in a wall), örgücü maker/seller of knitted articles, örgün organic, made up of mutually dependent parts. —■ eğitim formal education, örgüt, -tü organization, group which has an organizational structure, örgütçü organizer (good at starting an organization).
örgütçülük being an organizer, örgütleme hi organizing; making (people) into a group which has an organizational structure.
örgütlemek /i/ to organize; to make (people) into a group which has an organizational structure.
örgütlendirilme being organized; being made into a group which has an organizational structure.
örgütlendirilmek to be organized; to be made into a group which has an organizational structure.
örgütlendirme hi organizing; making (people) into a group which has an organizational structure.
örgütlendirmek III to organize; to make (people) into a group which has an organizational structure, örgütlenme being organized; becoming a group which has an organizational structure, örgütlenmek to be organized; to become a group which has an organizational structure, örgütleşme see örgütlenme, örgütleşmek see örgütlenmek, örgütleyici organizer, someone who’s good at starting an organization, örgütlü organized; (s.t.) which is planned or carried out by an organization; (s.t.) which has an organizational structure, örgütlülük state of organization, organization, örgütsel organizational, örgütsüz unorganized; (s.t.) which is not planned or carried out by an organization; (s.t.) which lacks an organizational structure, örgütsüzlük disorganization, unorganized state, örme 1. Ill knitting; darning; braiding, plaiting; weaving. 2. knitted; darned; braided, plaited; woven. 3. (wall) built of stones/brick laid according to a pattern; bonded, örmeci someone who operates a knitting machine, knitter, örmecilik being a knitter; machine knitting, örmek hi 1. to knit; to darn; to braid, plait. 2. to weave (using reeds/canes/osiers/wire). 3. to build (a wall); to lay, bond (bricks/stones).
   4.    prov. to do; to make, örneğin (/..) for example, örnek 1. example, illustration; precedent. 2. (ideal) model, example, exemplar. 3. specimen, sample. 4. like, equal, counterpart. 5. model, exemplary. 6. copy. — almak 1. hi to take (s.o./s.t.) as one’s model; to pattern
   o.s. after (s.o.); to pattern something after (s.t.). 2. /dan/ to take a lesson from, —ini
   almak Iml to draw/sketch the design/motif of. —ini çıkarmak /in/ to make a copy of. örnekdışı, -m (./..) atypical, örnekleme hi giving an example of (s.t.), illustrating.
örneklemek hi to give an example of (s.t.), illustrate, örneklendirme hi see örnekleme, örneklendirmek hi see örneklemek, örneklik 1. model, sample, specimen. 2. (s.t.)
   which is used as a specimen/a sample, örnekseme 1. hi taking (s.t.) as an example. 2.
   hi comparing. 3. ling., lit. analogy, örneksemek hi 1. to take (s.t.) as an example.
   2.    to compare, örs anvil. — kemiği anat., see örskemiği. örseleme hi 1. buffeting about, knocking about, handling roughly. 2. exhausting, weakening, draining of strength, örselemek hi 1. to buffet about, knock about, handle roughly. 2. to exhaust, weaken, drain of strength.
örselenme 1. being buffeted about, being knocked about, being handled roughly. 2. being drained of strength, örselenmek 1. to be buffeted about, be knocked about, be handled roughly. 2. to be drained of strength, örsenti path, lesion, örskemiği, -ni (/...) anat. incus, anvil, örtbas used in: — etmek hi to conceal (s.t.) from notice, hush (s.t.) up, cover (s.t.) up.
   —     olmak to be concealed from notice, be hushed up, be covered up. örtenek anat. mantle, örtkal med. band-aid.
örtme 1. Ill covering; veiling. 2. Ill hiding; concealing, hushing up, covering up. 3. Ill shutting (a door/a window/a cover). 4. mil. camouflage, örtmece euphemism.
örtmek hi 1. to cover; to veil. 2. to hide; to conceal, hush up, cover up. 3. to shut (a door/ a window/a cover), örttürme hi having (s.o./s.t.) covered; having (s.o.) veiled; /i, a/ having (s.o.) cover (s.o./ s.t.); having (s.o.) veil (s.o.). örttürmek hi to have (s.o./s.t.) covered; to have (s.o.) veiled; /i, a/ to have (s.o.) cover (s.o./s.t.); to have (s.o.) veil (s.o.). örtü 1. any cloth covering (e.g. headscarf, tablecloth, bedspread). 2. roof, örtük covered.
örtülme 1. being covered; being veiled. 2. being hidden; being concealed/hushed up/covered up. 3. (of a door/a window/a cover) being shut. 4. astr. occultation. örtülmek 1. to be covered; to be veiled. 2. to be hidden; to be concealed, be hushed up, be covered up. 3. (for a door/a window/a cover) to be shut, örtülü 1. covered; veiled. 2. shut, closed. 3. hidden; concealed, hushed up, covered up.
örtünme
673
ötürmek
   4.    obscurely, vaguely. — ödenek discretionary fund in the government budget (used to finance secret projects), örtünme 1. covering o.s.; veiling o.s. 2. /la or i/ covering o.s. with, örtünmek 1. to cover o.s.; to veil o.s. 2. /la or il to cover o.s. with, örtüsüz uncovered; unveiled, örtüşme overlapping, overlap, örtüşmek to overlap, örtüşüm overlapping, overlap, örü prov. 1. knitting; darning; braiding, plaiting. 2. knitted/braided thing. 3. building; wall. 4. enclosure, enclosed place. — balçığı plaster made of mud and straw. — taşı building stone, stone used in masonry, örücü 1. darner (a person). 2. knitter (a person).
   3. mason.
örücülük 1. being a darner/a knitter; the work of darning/knitting. 2. masonry, örülme 1. being knitted; being darned; being braided/plaited; being woven. 2. (of a wall) being built.
örülmek 1. to be knitted; to be darned; to be braided, be plaited; to be woven. 2. (for a wall) to be built, örülü 1. knitted; darned; braided, plaited; woven. 2. (wall) which has been built; bonded (bricks/stones), örümce zool. 1. a fig moth, Anthophila pari-ana. 2. prov. spider, örümceğimsiler zool. Arachnida/Arachnoidea. örümcek 1. zool. spider, Araneida. 2. cobweb.
   3.    walker, baby walker. — ağı spider web, cobweb. — bağlamak III 1. to get covered with cobwebs. 2. colloq. to lie unused. — kafalı colloq. 1. mossback, fogy. 2. moss -backed, fogyish (person). — sarmak hi for spider webs to cover (a place), örümcekkuşu, -nu (../..) zool. shrike, Lanius. örümcekkuşugiller (../....) zool. Laniidae. örümceklenme 1. becoming covered with cobwebs. 2. (of the area around one’s mouth/ nostrils/eyes) becoming coated with dried mucus (while one is suffering from a fever), örümceklenmek 1. to become covered with cobwebs. 2. (for the area around one’s mouth/nostrils/eyes) to become coated with dried mucus (while one is suffering from a fever).
örümcekler zool. Araneida.
örümcekli covered with cobwebs, cobwebby.
   —     kafa colloq. mossback, fogy, örümceksi anat. arachnoid. — zar anat.
   arachnoid, arachnoid membrane, örüt, -tü text, örütbilim (./..) philology, östaki borusu, -nu anat. Eustachian tube, östrojen biochem. estrogen, oestrogen, öşür, -şrü hist, tithe (a tax on crops), öşürcü tithe collector, tithe proctor, öt see ’öd. ötanazi euthanasia.
öte 1. the further side of, the other side of. 2. other, yonder, far (side). 3. the rest of. 4. the other side. — de over there, over yonder; further on. —si what follows; the rest, —ye further on, yonder; to the other side, —den beri for a long time. — de beride here and there, —si berisi 1. his/her goods and possessions. 2. here and there (on s.t./s.o.). —ye beriye here and there, —den beriden bahsetmek colloq. to talk of various things, talk of this and that, —sini beri etmek /in/ colloq. to straighten out (a matter), —si can sağlığı, colloq. (I’ve done what I could.) All I can do now is hope for the best! —si çıkmaz sokak, colloq. This plan (or way of doing things) will get you nowhere. — gün prov. a few days ago. —sine varmak colloq. to overstep the mark, go too far. —si var mi? colloq. 1. Stick that in your pipe and smoke it! 2. We can’t hope for anything worse than this. — yandan at the same time, öteberi this and that; various things. — almak to buy various things, ötedeğişim (./...) metamorphosis, ötedevim (./..) telekinesis, öteduyum (./..) telepathy, ötegöç (./.) metastasis.
öteki, -ni 1. the other, the other one, the further (thing/person). 2. the other one, the one over there. — beriki colloq. anybody and everybody. — 4ünyaYa göç etmek colloq. to pass on, die. — gün the other day. ötekisi, -ni the other one, the one over there, ötelenme phys. translation, ötleğen zool. whitethroat, a warbler, Sylvia communis. ötleğengiller zool. Sylviidae. ötleği zool. bearded vulture, lammergeier, Gypa-etus barbatus. ötme 1. singing (of a bird); crowing (of a cock).
   2. (a horn’s) giving forth a sound. 3. echoing, ringing (of a place). 4. slang chattering noisily, gabbing. 5. slang vomiting, throwing up, upchucking, barfing (while drunk).
ötmek 1. (for a bird) to sing; (for a cock) to crow. 2. (for a horn) to give forth a sound.
   3. (for a place) to echo, ring. 4. slang to chatter noisily, gab. 5. slang to vomit, throw up, upchuck, barf (while drunk).
ötre the Arabic vowel sign for o, ö, w, ii. öttürme hi 1. causing (a bird) to sing; making (a cock) crow. 2. blowing/tooting/hooting (a whistle/a horn). 3. making (a place) ring/ echo/resound, öttürmek hi 1. to cause (a bird) to sing; to make (a cock) crow. 2. to blow/toot/hoot (a whistle/a horn). 3. to make (a place) ring/ echo/resound, ötücü (bird) which has a melodious song. — kuş songbird, ötümlü phon. voiced (consonant), ötümsüz phon. unvoiced (consonant), ötürmek prov. to have diarrhea.
ötürü                                                674
ötürü /dan/ by reason of, because of; respecting, concerning, ötürük prov. diarrhea, ötüş (a bird’s) song, way of singing, ötüşme (of birds) singing at the same time; (of cocks) crowing at the same time, ötüşmek (for birds) to sing at the same time;
   (for cocks) to crow at the same time, öveç two- or three-year-old ram (male sheep), övendire oxgoad, goad, övgü eulogy, laudatory speech/writing, panegyric, övgücü flatterer, övgücülük flattery, övgüleme hi complimenting, övgülemek hi to compliment, övme III praising, praise, lauding, laudation, övmek hi to praise, laud, övülme being praised, being lauded, övülmek to be praised, be lauded, övün see öğün, övünce source of pride, övünç 1. feeling of (laudable) pride, pride. 2. pride and joy, source of pride. — çizelgesi honor roll. — duymak /la/ to take pride in, be proud of. övüngen boastful, vainglorious, övüngenlik boasting, vainglory, övünme 1. /la/ taking pride in, being proud of.
   2. praising o.s., boasting, bragging, pvünmek 1. /la/ to take pride in, be proud of.
   2. to praise o.s., boast, brag. — gibi olmasın .... colloq. I don’t mean to boast, but .... övüş praising, praise, laudation; way of praising, öykü 1. story. 2. short story, öykücü 1. storyteller. 2. short-story writer, öykücülük 1. being a storyteller; storytelling.
   2.  being a short-story writer; short-story writing.
öyküleme hi making (s.t.) into a story; relating (s.t.) in the form of a story, öykülemek hf to make (s.t.) into a story; to relate (s.t.) in the form of a story, öykünce lit. fable, öyküncü see öykünmeci. öykünme imitation, imitating; mimicking, öykünmeci 1. imitator; mimic. 2. inclined to imitate, imitative, öykünmek /a/ to imitate; to mimic, öykünücü see öykünmeci. öykünüm simulation, öyküsel narrative, story-like, öyküsellik story-like quality, öyle (/.) 1. thus, thusly, so, in that manner. 2. such ... as that/those, such, (s.t./s.o.) like that.
   —   geldi ki .... I/He/She felt like ...: Öyle geldi ki gidip onunla konuşayım. I felt like going and having a talk with him. — gelmek /a/ to seem to be like that to (s.o.). — ise ....
   In that case, .../If that’s the case, .... — mi?
   Is that so? — olsun, colloq. All right./So be it./As you wish. — şey yok. colloq. It’s out of the question!/Not on your life! — ya!
                                                                                       özdeşleştirme
   colloq. That’s the way it is/was! — yağma yok. colloq., see Öyle şey yok. öylece (/..) 1. just so, just in that way. 2. And that’s how .../And thus .... öylelikle (../.) And that’s how .../And thus öylemesine (/....) see öylesine, öylesi, -ni (/..) such a person; such a thing;
   someone like that; something like that, öylesine (/...) so, so very, so exceedingly.
*öz 1. self. 2. essence, heart, core. — saygısı self-respect. — ü sözü bir (s.o.) whose actions are in accordance with his/her words, sincere, genuine. — ü sözü doğru very honest, very trustworthy.
2öz 1. pure, unadulterated, unmixed. 2. genuine, real. — kardeş 1. full brother; full sister. 2. paternal half-brother; paternal half-sister. — konuşmak to speak wisely and to the point.
   —   Türkçe pure Turkish (Turkish made up largely of words which are etymologically Turkish).
3öz brook, stream, creek, özağılanım (/....) med. autointoxication.
özbağışıklama (/......) med. autoimmunization.
                                                          Özbek 1. (an) Uzbek. 2. Uzbek, of the Uzbeks. Özbekçe (./.) 1. Uzbek, the Uzbek language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Uzbek, Uzbek. 3. Uzbek (speech/writing); spoken in Uzbek; written in Uzbek.
Özbekistan Uzbekistan, özbeöz (/..) colloq. real, genuine, sure-enough, honest-to-goodness. özbeslenen (/...) biol. autotrophic. özbeslenme (/...) biol. autotrophy, özbulaşım (/...) med. autoinfection, özçözümleme (/....) self-analysis.
özdeğerlendiri (/.....) self-evaluation.
                                                          özdek 1. material thing; (a) body, (a) substance.
   2.  (portable) goods, property, merchandise.
   3.  phil. matter.
özdekçe (./.) materially, physically, özdekçi phil. 1. (a) materialist. 2. materialistic, materialist, özdekçilik phil. materialism, özdeksel material, composed of matter, özden anat. thymus, thymus gland, özdenetim (/...) psych, self-control, özdenlik phil. aseity. — le sincerely, özdeş 1. identical, exactly alike. 2. math., phil.
   identical. — ikiz identical twin, özdeşleme /ı, la/ 1. equating (one thing) with (another). 2. psych, identifying (o.s.) with (s.o.); identification, özdeşlemek /ı, la/ 1. to equate (one thing) with (another). 2. psych, to identify (o.s.) with (s.o.).
                                                          özdeşleşme /la/ 1. identifying with (s.o.). 2.
   becoming one with, özdeşleşmek /la/ 1. to identify with (s.o.). 2. to become one with, özdeşleştirme /ı, la/ 1. equating (one thing) with (another). 2. psych, identifying (o.s.) with (s.o.).
 özdeşleştirmek                                   675
özdeşleştirmek /ı, la/ 1. to equate (one thing) with (another). 2. psych, to identify (o.s.) with (s.o.).
özdeşlik 1. identicalness. 2. log. identity. — ilkesi log. the law of identity, özdevim (/..) 1. phil. automatism. 2. astr.
    proper motion, özdevimli (/...) see özdevimsel. özdevimsel (/...) automatic, özdevimsellik (/....) automaticity. özdevingen (/...) automatic, özdevinim (/...) automation, özdeyiş (/..) epigram, aphorism, özdışı, -m (/..) phil. extrinsic, özdirenç (/..) phys. resistivity, öze lal phil. peculiar to, restricted to. özek center, central area/point. — ağacı the long central pole of a four-wheeled farm wagon.
    —  demiri the iron piece that binds the central özek ağacı to the wagon frame.
özekdoku (./..) biol. parenchyma, özekleşme converging, coming to a focus, özekleşmek to converge, come to a focus, özekleştirme /ı/ converging, bringing (s.t.) to a focus.
özekleştirmek hi to converge, bring (s.t.) to a focus.
özeksel central, middle, özel 1. private. 2. personal. 3. special; exceptional. — ad gram, proper noun. — af personal pardon. — araba private car. — banka private bank. — dil jargon. — girişim private enterprise. — girişimci advocate of private enterprise. — girişimcilik advocacy of private enterprise. — görüş personal opinion, private opinion. — hat private line. — iyelik private ownership. — kesim private sector.
    —  mülk private property. — okul private school. — sayı special edition. — sektör see özel kesim. — ulak special delivery,
    Brit, express, Brit, express delivery (of mail).
    —  yaşam private life.
özelci advocate of private enterprise, özeleştiri (/....) self-criticism, autocriticism, özelik phil. attribute, property, özelleşme 1. acquiring a character of its own.
    2.    taking on a special/personal character, özelleşmek 1. to acquire a character of its own.
    2.    to take on a special/personal character, özelleştirme privatization, özelleştirmek hi 1. to cause (s.t.) to acquire a character of its own. 2. to personalize, cause (s.t.) to take on a personal character. 3. to privatize, make (a state enterprise) into a private enterprise, özellik 1. special feature, peculiarity, characteristic. 2. phil. attribute, property, özellikle (../.) particularly, especially, özen care, careful attention, pains. — le bakmak /a/ to look after (s.o./s.t.) with great care. — göstermek /a/ to take pains (to do s.t., over s.t.).
özenci 1. (an) amateur. 2. amateur, amateurish.
                                                                                              özgeçmiş
özencilik amateurism.
özendirme /ı, aV 1. causing (s.o.) to take pains over (s.t.). 2. causing (s.o.) to want to imitate (s.o.). 3. causing (s.o.) to try to (do s.t. one knows little about), özendirmek /ı, a/ 1. to cause (s.o.) to take pains over (s.t.). 2. to cause (s.o.) to want to imitate (s.o.). 3. to cause (s.o.) to try to (do s.t. one knows little about): Onu alafrangalığa özendirdi. She caused him to try to acquire Western ways, özengen 1. (an) amateur. 2. amateur, amateurish, özengenlik amateurism, özenilmek impersonal passive to take pains (to do s.t., over s.t.). özenle (./.) painstakingly, very carefully, with great care and effort, özenli painstaking, very careful, özenlilik painstakingness, özenme 1. /a/ taking pains (to do s.t., over s.t.).
   2. /a or dan/ wanting to imitate (s.o.). 3. /a/ trying to (do s.t. one knows little about).
                                                          özenmek 1. /a/ to take pains (to do s.t., over s.t.). 2. /a or dan/ to want to imitate (s.o.).
   3. /a/ to try to (do s.t. one knows little about): Şarkıcılığa özendi. She tried to become a singer, özene bezene very painstakingly, with the greatest of care, özenip bezenmek to take great pains, özene özene with utmost care, very painstakingly.
özensiz 1. slipshod, carelessly done. 2. (s.o.)
   who does careless work, özensizlik carelessness, neglect of detail, özenti 1. desire to imitate someone. 2. desire to do something one knows little about, özentici 1. (s.o.) who tries to imitate another.
   2. (s.o.) who tries to do something he/she knows little about.
özenticilik 1. trying to imitate someone. 2. trying to do something one knows little about, özentili very careful, painstaking (work), özentisiz careless, slipshod (work), özerk autonomous, özerklik autonomy, özet, -ti summary, resume, özetleme hi summarizing, summing up, summarization, özetlemek hi to summarize, sum up. özetlenme being summarized, being summed up.
özetlenmek to be summarized, be summed up. özetleyim briefing.
özezer (/..) 1. (a) masochist. 2. masochistic, özezerlik (/...) masochism, özge 1. other (thing/person); /dan/ other than, apart from. 2. different, distinctive; unusual.
   3. stranger.
özgeci 1. (an) altruist. 2. altruistic, özgecil altruistic, unselfish, özgecilik altruism.
özgeçi (/..) self-sacrifice, self-denial, özgeçili (/...) self-sacrificing, self-denying, özgeçmiş (/..) a brief history of someone’s
özgidimli
676
özveren
   life, curriculum vitae, CV, cv. özgidimli (/...) automotive, özgü /a/ peculiar to, unique to, special to. özgüdüm (/..) guidance (of s.t.) by a built-in mechanism.
özgüdümlü (/...) guided by a built-in mechanism.
özgül specific. — ağırlık phys. specific gravity.
   —      ısı phys. specific heat, özgüleme /ı, a/ allotting (s.t.) to. özgülemek /ı, a/ to allot (s.t.) to. özgülenme /a/ being allotted (to), özgülenmek /a/ to be allotted (to), özgüllük specificity, specificality. özgülük specialness.
özgün 1. original, not imitative, completely new. 2. genuine, authentic. 3. original, creative (person); different, singular (person), özgünleşme acquiring originality, özgünleşmek to acquire originality, özgünleştirme /ı/ giving (s.t.) originality, özgünleştirmek 111 to give (s.t.) originality, özgünlük originality.
özgür free. — bırakmak 111 to set (s.o./an animal) free. — girişimci advocate of free enterprise. — girişimcilik advocacy of free enterprise. — istem/istenç free will, özgürleşme becoming free, özgürleşmek to become free, özgürleştirme hi freeing, özgürleştirmek hi to free, özgürlük freedom, liberty, özgürlükçü 1. partisan of freedom. 2. (s.o.) who is an advocate of freedom. 3. (s.t.) which aims to promote freedom, özgürlükçülük advocacy of freedom, özgürlüksüz unfree, lacking freedom, özgürlüksüzlük lack of freedom, özgüven (/..) self-confidence, özışm (/..) bot. medullary ray. özindükleme (/....) phys. self-induction, özişlerlik (/...) automatism, özitme (/..) self-propulsion, özitmeli (.'...) self-propelled, self-propelling, özlem 1. (a) yearning, (a) longing. 2. aspiration, ardent desire, özleme hi longing for, yearning for; longing to see; missing, özlemek hi to long for, yearn for; to long to see; to miss, özlemli (s.o.) who is filled with longing, özlenme being longed for, being yearned for. özlenmek to be longed for, be yearned for. özleşme purification, becoming free of foreign elements.
Özleşmek to be purified, be freed of foreign elements.
özleştirme purification, freeing from foreign elements.
özleştirmeci someone who wishes to make a language etymologically pure, purist, özleştirmecilik ling, purism, özleştirmek 111 to purify, free from foreign
   elements.
özletme h, al making (s.o.) long for; making (s.o.) miss.
özletmek /ı, al to make (s.o.) long for; to make (s.o.) miss, özleyiş (a) yearning, (a) longing, özlü 1. pulpy, pithy, dense. 2. deep; sincere, genuine. 3. sticky (mud). 4. fertile (soil). 5. concise, pithy, terse. — söz aphorism. — toprak potter’s clay, özlük 1. true nature, essential character. 2. employee. — işleri matters pertaining to personnel, özmaya (.'..) enzyme, özmayabilim (/....) enzymology. özne 1. gram, subject. 2. subject (thinking agent, mind, ego). 3. subject, person/animal being studied, öznel gram., phil. subjective, öznelci phil. 1. (a) subjectivist. 2. subjectivistic. öznelcilik phil. subjectivism, öznellik subjectivity, özodun (/..) heartwood (of a tree), özöğrenim (/...) self-education, özöğrenimli (/....) self-educated, self-taught, özsaygı (/..) self-respect, özsel essential.
özsever 1. (a) narcissist. 2. narcissistic, narcissist.
özseverlik narcissism.
Özsu (/.) 1. biol. juice. 2. bot. sap. — yokluğu path, achylia gastrica. özümleme assimilation, özümlemedokusu, -nu (.../...) bot. plant tissue in which photosynthesis takes place, özümlemek 111 to assimilate, özümlenme being assimilated, özümlenmek to be assimilated, özümseme see özümleme, özümsemek 111 see özümlemek, özümsenme see özümlenme, özümsenmek see özümlenmek, özünerosluk (./...) autoerotism, autoeroticism, özünlü intrinsic. — kanıtlar (bits of) intrinsic evidence.
özür, -zrü 1. (valid) excuse. 2. handicap (of a person). 3. defect. — dilemek /dan/ to beg (s.o.’s) pardon, apologize (to), make an apology (to). — ü kabahatinden büyük. colloq. What he/she put forward as an excuse was even worse than what he/she was wanting to have pardoned ./His/Her excuse just makes matters worse, özürlü 1. (physically) handicapped (person). 2. (mentally) retarded. 3. (s.o.) who has a valid excuse. 4. defective, faulty, özürsüz 1. (s.o.) who lacks a valid excuse. 2. free from defect. 3. (doing s.t.) without an excuse. — pürüzsüz colloq. completely free of defects, özüt, -tü chem. extract, concentrate, essence, özütleme chem. extraction, özveren see özverili.
özveri
özveri (/..) self-sacrifice, self-denial, özverili (/...) self-sacrificing, self-denying, özyapı (/..) character, nature, özyapısal (/...) (s.t.) pertaining to (s.o.’s/s.t/s) nature, characteristic.
                                                                                özyönetim
 özyaşamöyküsü, -nü (/....) autobiography.
 Özyazı (/..) aphorism.
 özyiti (/..) med. absence, absentia, temporary loss of consciousness, özyönetim (/...) self-government.
p
P 1. the letter P. 2. chem. P (phosphorus).
Pa chem. Pa (protactinium), pabuç, -cu 1. shoe. 2. rubber/metal tip (on the base of a furniture leg). 3. arch, base, pedestal (of a column), —tan aşağı colloq. mean, despicable, contemptible, low-down. — u başına giydirmek /m/ colloq. to make (s.o.) do the wrong thing. — bırakmamak /a/ colloq. not to be frightened off by, not to be deterred by. — u büyük colloq. Big Shoes (used of a hodja who cures people by prayer). —u büyüğe okut kendini, colloq. (You had better get yourself exorcised by Big Shoes.) You must be going nuts!/You’re going crazy! — lar mı çevirmek /m/ colloq. to let (s.o.) understand that he/she is not wanted, get rid of (s.o.) in a roundabout way. —Ian dama atılmak colloq. to lose favor, fall from popular esteem. — larmı eline vermek /m/ colloq. to get rid of (s.o.), give (s.o.) his/her walking papers. — eskitmek colloq. to run " hither and thither (while trying to get something accomplished). — kadar dili var. colloq. (He/She has a tongue that’s as long as a shoe.) He’s/She’s as sassy/impudent as they come. — una kum dolmak colloq. to be uneasy, be on edge. — pahalı, colloq. 1. As he’s/she’s too powerful for me to tangle with, I’d better not press matters any further. 2. I’ve bitten off more than I can chew. — paralamak colloq., see pabuç eskitmek. — tartmak colloq. to walk in a slow, dignified fashion. — una taş kaçmak colloq., see pabucuna kum dolmak. — u ters giydirmek colloq. to be a real fox, be someone one must be wary of. — unu ters giydirmek /a/ colloq. to cause (s.o.) to make tracks, make (s.o.) leave in a hurry. — una tuz ekmek Iml colloq. to send (s.o.) packing, get rid of (s.o.).
    —      üzengi stirrup shaped like a shoe, pabuççu 1. cobbler, shoemaker. 2. seller of shoes. 3. attendant who looks after shoes left at a mosque door. — kölesi shoemaker’s iron last. — somakisi shoemaker’s lapstone. pabuççuluk 1. shoemaking; being a shoemaker.
    2. being a seller of shoes, pabuçlu 1. (s.o.) who is wearing shoes. 2. slang (an) intellectual, (an) egghead, pabuçluk 1. shoe rack (in a mosque). 2. area in the entrance of a house where shoes are removed.
pabuçsuz (s.o.) who’s not wearing shoes, barefoot; without one’s shoes on. — kaçmak
    colloq. to take to one’s heels, beat a hasty retreat.
paça 1. trotter (especially that of a sheep). 2. cookery jellied trotter. 3. lower part of a trouser leg. — larmdan akmak colloq. to be filthy, be very dirty. — sim çekecek hali olmamak colloq. to be hopelessly weak/incompetent. — dondurması cookery jellied trotters, —sı düşük colloq. untidy-looking, slovenly looking, down-at-heels. — sim kaptırmak /a/ colloq. to get involved in (a business) and not be able to get out of it. — kasnağı a wrestling maneuver. — yı kurtarmak colloq. to extricate o.s. from a difficult situation, —lan sıvamak colloq. to get ready to do something, roll up one’s sleeves. —si-nı toplayacak hali olmamak colloq., see paçasını çekecek hali olmamak. — sın d an tutup atmak /ı/ colloq. to get rid of (s.o.) (by insulting him), paçacı 1. seller of trotters. 2. operator of a small restaurant specializing in dishes made of trotters. 3. small restaurant specializing in dishes made of trotters, paçagünü, -nü (./..) the Friday (which falls one week after a wedding) when a newly married couple is honored with a meal at which trotters are eaten, paçal law a formula which states the proportions to be used by bakers when blending flours.
paçalı 1. (trousers) which have (a certain kind of) leg. 2. (s.o.) the lower part of whose trouser legs are (in a certain state). 3. feather -legged (bird). 4. (a dish) which contains trotters.
                                                            paçalık 1. dress worn by a bride when she is honored on the paçagünü. 2. meal given on a paçagünü. paçalışahin (../ — .) zool. rough-legged hawk, roughleg, Buteo lagopus. paçavra (./.) 1. worn-out piece of cloth, rag.
    2.     worn-out piece of clothing; worn-out, worthless thing. 3. slang importunate, annoying, pestiferous. — ya çevirmek /ı/, — smi çıkarmak Iml colloq. 1. to make a mess of, ruin. 2. to exhaust, wear (s.o.) to a frazzle, leave (s.o.) drained of strength. — hastalığı colloq. influenza, flu. paçavracı (./..) ragman, ragpicker, paçoz slang hooker, streetwalker, prostitute, paçuz zool. gray mullet, Mugil cephalus. padavra (./.) (roofing) shingle. —sı çıkmış (—
padişah
   gibi) colloq. so thin that his/her ribs stick out, so thin that you can count his/her ribs, padişah (—..) padishah, sultan. — m bile arkasından kılıç sallarlar, proverb All underlings, even those who work for the most dreadful of masters, are not afraid to talk against that master when his back is turned.
   —  yasağı üç gün sürer, proverb A new edict is quickly forgotten.
                                                        padişahlık (—...) 1. sultanate. 2. being a padishah. 3. the title of padishah. padişahotu, -nu (—./..) bot. broadleaved hog -fennel, Peucedanum ostruthium. pafta (/.) 1. section of a large map. 2. stud or flat metal decoration on a horse’s harness.
   3.mech.  threader (for cutting a screw thread).
   4.       large stain. — kolu diestock. — lokması mech. die (of a diestock).
pagan 1. pagan. 2. (a) pagan, paganizm paganism, pagoda (./.) pagoda.
pah bevel; chamfer, beveled edge. — ını almak Iml to bevel, chamfer, paha 1. price. 2. value. (...) —sma at the cost of. —da ağır colloq. valuable (thing). — biçilmez priceless. — biçmek /a/ 1. to put a price on, price. 2. to estimate the value of.
   —ya çıkmak to rise in price, become expensive. —dan düşmek to fall in price.
   —ya geçmek colloq. (for s.t. ordinary) to be withheld from sale as if it were something rare, —dan inmek see pahadan düşmek, —sı yok. colloq. It’s priceless ./It’s beyond price.
pahacı one who wants high prices for his/her merchandise, pahalanma increasing in price; becoming expensive.
pahalanmak to increase in price; to become expensive.
pahalı expensive, costly, dear. — ya mal olmak /a/ to cost (s.o.) a lot. — ya oturmak /a/ colloq., see pahalıya mal olmak, pahalılaşma increasing in price; becoming expensive.
pahalılaşmak to increase in price; to become expensive.
pahalılık 1. expensiveness, costliness. 2. situation in which everything is expensive, pahlama hi beveling, chamfering, pahlamak hi to bevel, chamfer, pak, -ki (—) 1. purehearted, (s.o.) whose intentions are pure. 2. free of sin/guilt. 3. clean, paket, -ti 1. package, parcel. 2. pack, packet (container). 3. slang buttocks, ass. — etmek hi to package; to make (things) into a parcel; to put (s.t.) into a carton; to wrap (s.t.) up.
   —  postanesi parcel post office. — program radio, TV package, packet. — taşı square paving stone. — tur package tour, packaged tour. — yazılım comp, packaged software.
paketleme hi packaging; making (things) into a parcel; putting (s.t.) into a carton; wrapping
679                                         palanga
        (s.t.) up.
      paketlemek hi to package; to make (things) into a parcel; to put (s.t.) into a carton; to wrap (s.t.) up. paketlenme being packaged; being made into a parcel; being put into a carton; being wrapped up. paketlenmek to be packaged; to be made into a parcel; to be put into a carton; to be wrapped up.
      Pakistan (—..) 1. Pakistan. 2. Pakistani, of Pakistan.
      PakistanlI (—...) 1. (a) Pakistani. 2. Pakistani (person).
      paklama hi 1. cleaning. 2. colloq. taking away (everything); eating (everything) in sight. 3. proving (s.o.) innocent. 4. colloq. killing, bumping (s.o.) off, doing (s.o.) in. paklamak III 1. to clean. 2. colloq. (for s.o.) to be fit only for; to deserve. 3. colloq. to take away (everything); to eat (everything) in sight. 4. to prove (s.o.) innocent. 5. colloq. to kill, bump (s.o.) off, do (s.o.) in. paklık 1. purity of heart. 2. sinlessness, guiltlessness. 3. cleanness, pakt, -ti pact, treaty, pal prov. a pigeon.
      pala 1. scimitar. 2. blade (of an oar or oar-like implement). — çalmak colloq. to try hard, make an all-out effort, struggle hard. — çekmek to wield a scimitar. — sallamak colloq., see pala çalmak. — sürtmek colloq. to have experienced a lot of things, palabıyık (./..) 1. a long, thick mustache. 2.
        (s.o.) who has a long, thick mustache, palabıyıklı (./...) (s.o.) who has a long, thick mustache.
      paladyen terrazzo, a mosaic flooring made using pieces of marble, paladyum (./.) chem. palladium, palalık edge of a rafter. — ma koymak hi to place (a rafter) on its edge, palamar naut. hawser. — boyu naut. cable, cable length (unit of length equaling 120 fathoms). — ı çözmek/koparmak slang to take off, beat it, make tracks. — parasi/res-mi naut. dockage; buoyage.
      ’palamut, -tu zool. bonito, Pelamys sarda. — çok biterse kış erken olur, proverb A big run of bonito means that winter will come early. — pastırması smoked bonito. 2palamut, -tu 1. acorn. 2. valonia; camata; camatina. 3. slang thick marijuana cigarette, big joint. — yüksüğü/kadehi acorn cup. palamutlular bot. Fagaceae. palamutmeşesi, -ni (../...) bot. valonia oak, Quercus aegilops. palan a broad soft saddle without a frame. — vurmak to put a palan on an animal, palandız prov. stone in which the faucet of a public fountain is fixed, palandöken stony slope, palanga (./.) pulley, block and tackle, tackle.
palanka
 680
 panda
palanka (./.) palanka, palisaded fortification surrounded by a ditch, palanlama hi slang putting (s.o.) in jail, throwing (s.o.) in the clink, palanlamak 111 slang to put (s.o.) in jail, throw (s.o.) in the clink, palas 1. palace (used in the names of hotels and apartment buildings). 2. school slang very easy (lesson). 3. school slang easy/ easygoing (teacher). 4. school slang (school) where the lessons are easy. — geçmek school slang (for a test) to be a cinch, be very easy, palaska (./.) cartridge belt, bandolier, palas pandıras (..' ...) colloq. very hastily and abruptly; with unseemly haste, palavra (./.) 1. slang palaver, empty talk, bunk, baloney, guff, *bullshit. 2. naut. an upper deck (on a ship). — atmak/savurmak/sik-mak slang to talk bunk, talk rot, be full of bull.
palavracı (./..) slang (s.o.) who talks bunk, who is full of bull, palavracılık (./...) slang being a bull-shooter, being someone who talks rot. palaz fledgling duck/goose; squab, palazlama see palazlanma, palazlamak see palazlanmak, palazlanma 1. growing strong, plump, and healthy. 2. colloq. getting rich. 3. /a/ slang defying, talking back to (s.o.). palazlanmak 1. to grow strong, plump, and healthy. 2. colloq. to get rich. 3. /a/ slang to defy, talk back to (s.o.). paldım crupper, crupper strap. — ı aşmak colloq. to try to do something that’s beyond one.
    —     kemiği anat. coccyx, paldır küldür (./ ..) colloq. with a great clatter, very noisily, making a great racket, paleografi paleography, paleolitik hist. Paleolithic, paleontoloji paleontology, paleozoik geol. 1. the Paleozoic, the Paleozoic era. 2. Paleozoic, of the Paleozoic, palet, -ti 1. (artist’s) palette. 2. caterpillar tread, track (of a vehicle). 3. flippers, fins, paletli (vehicle) which has a caterpillar tread, palikarya (../.) 1. Greek rowdy. 2. Greek soldier.
palisatdokusu, -nu (../...) bot. palisade parenchyma.
palladyum (./.) chem. palladium, palmitat, -ti chem. palmitate. palmitik chem. palmitic. — asit chem. palmitic acid.
palmitin che'm. palmitin.
palmiye bot. palm, palm tree.
palmiyegiller bot. Palmae.
palto (/.) overcoat, coat (article of clothing).
paluze (— —.) blancmange. — gibi colloq.
    pasty white and very flabby, palyaço (.—'.) clown, buffoon, harlequin, palyaçoluk (.—'..) clowning, being a clown.
palyatif 1. palliative. 2. (a) palliative, palyoş short sword; poniard; stiletto, pami slang Let’s get going!/Get a move on! pampa (/.) pampa.
pampaotu, -nu (/...) bot. pampas grass, Corta-deria selloana. pampatavşanı, -ni (/....) zool. pampas hare, mara, Dolichotis magellanica. pamuk 1. cotton. 2. bot. cotton plant, Gossyp-ium. — atmak to fluff cotton with a bow and mallet. — balı white honey. — barutu guncotton. — bezi cotton cloth. — elyafı raw cotton, unginned cotton. — gibi colloq. 1. soft as cotton, cottony. 2. pale-complexioned.
   —      ipliği cotton thread. — ipliğiyle bağlamak l\l colloq. to solve (s.t.) in a very makeshift way. — kozası cotton boll. P— Prenses Snow White. — tarağı cotton gin. — tarlası cotton field, pamukaki (..—'.) a cotton thread used in embroidery.
pamukbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. blue shark, Prionace glauca. pamukçu 1. cotton grower, cotton planter. 2.
    seller of cotton, pamukçuk thrush, aphthae, aphthosis (disease of infants).
                           pamukçuluk being a grower/a seller of cotton, pamukelmasi, -ni (./...) cotton boll, pamuklanma 1. becoming covered with a thin coat of mold/mildew. 2. becoming covered with balls of dust or fluff. 3. fuzzing (of cloth), becoming covered with balls of fuzz, pamuklanmak 1. to become covered with a thin coat of mold/mildew. 2. to become covered with balls of dust or fluff. 3. (for cloth) to fuzz, become covered with balls of fuzz, pamuklu 1. cotton, made of cotton. 2. cotton cloth, cotton. 3. quilted jacket. 4. swaddling cloth.
pamukotu, -nu (./..) bot. 1. cottonweed, Diotis candidissima. 2. cotton grass, Eriophorum polystachion. pamuktaş (./.) travertine, pamukyağı, -ni (./..) cottonseed oil.
Panama (./.) 1. Panama. 2. Panamanian, of Panama.
panama (..'.) Panama hat, Panama.
Panamalı (./..) 1. (a) Panamanian. 2. Panamanian (person), panayır fair (an exhibition). — yeri fairground, place where a fair is held, panayırcı someone who sells goods in a stall at a fair.
pancar bot. beet, Beta vulgaris. — gibi olmak (— kesilmek) colloq. to turn as red as a beet, go beet red. — şekeri beet sugar, pancarcı beet grower; beet seller, pancarcılık being a grower/a seller of beets, pancur see panjur.
panda (/.) zool. 1. panda, bear cat, Ailurus fulgens. 2. pânda, giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca.
pandantif                                      681
pandantif 1. pendant (attached to a necklace).
   2. arch, pendentive. pandemi 1. severe epidemic, pandemic outbreak of a disease, pandemic. 2. pandemic disease, pandili a tambourine used in the ortaoyunu. ^ pandispanya (../.) sponge cake. — gazetesi colloq. stories, pack of lies, pandomima (../.) 1. pantomime (dramatic performance lacking dialog). 2. explaining something in pantomime, pantomiming. — kopmak colloq. for a fight that is amusing to its onlookers to break out. pandiil pendulum.
panel 1. panel discussion. 2. panel (a rectangular piece of construction material). — ısıtma panel heating, pangadoz slang, see pangodoz. pangodoz slang down-at-heels and alcoholic (old man).
panik panic, — e kapılmak to panic, be stricken with panic. — kırmak slang to beat it, make tracks, scram, make o.s. scarce.
   —e vermek hi colloq. to cause (s.o.) to panic, panic. — yaratmak to create panic, arouse panic, panikleme slang panicking, being stricken with panic.
paniklemek slang to panic, be stricken with panic.
Panislamizm Pan-Islamism. panjur (slatted) shutter, pankardit, -ti path, pancarditis, pankart, -ti banner (e.g. a welcome banner), pankras sports pancratium, pancration (a kind of wrestling).
’pankreas (./.) anat. pancreas.
2pankreas (./.) sports, see pankras. pano (/.) 1. wall panel (decorated with tiles or a painting). 2. construction prefabricated panel. 3. control panel. 4. bulletin board; panel.
panorama (../.) panorama.
pansiyon pension, boardinghouse; guesthouse;
   tourist home; rooming house, pansiyoncu operator of a pension, pansiyonculuk operating a pension; being a pension operator, pansiyoner someone staying in a pension, boarder, lodger, pansuman 1. dressing a wound. 2. (a) dressing for a wound. — yapmak /a/ to dress (a wound).
pansumancı 1. someone who dresses wounds.
   2. operating-room nurse, nurse who works in a hospital operating room; dresser, panteist, -ti 1. (a) pantheist. 2. pantheistic, pantheistical, panteizm pantheism, panteon pantheon.
panter 1. zool. panther, leopard, Felis parclus.
   2. made of leopard, leopard, pantograf pantograph, pantol colloq. trousers, pants.
                                                                                                  papelci
pantolon trousers, pants, pantoloncu maker/seller of trousers, pantomim pantomime (dramatic performance lacking dialog), pantufla (./.) 1. bedroom slipper (made of felt), pantofle, pantoufle. 2. slang stealing, swiping, Brit, nicking, pantuflacı (./..) 1. maker/seller of felt bedroom slippers. 2. slang thief; embezzler, swindler, confidence man.
Panturanizm (.—..) Pan-Turanism.
Pantiirkizm Pan-Turkism.
                                                              panzehir, -hri antidote (for poison). — taşı 1.
   bezoar, bezoar stone. 2. opal, panzehirotu, -nu bot. white swallowwort, Cy-nanchum vincetoxicum. panzer panzer, papa (/.) pope.
                                                              papağan parrot. — anahtarı a small wrench.
   —   gibi ezberlemek hi colloq. to learn (s.t.) by rote.
papağanbalığı, -ni (../...) zool. parrot fish, Scarus.
papağangiller zool. Psittacidae. papağanlar zool. Psittaciformes. papağanlık psych, psittacism. papağanyemi, -ni (../..) bot. safflower, Car-thamus tinctorius. papak a kind of kalpak, papalık (.'..) papacy.
papara (./.) 1. dish made from pieces of dry bread and broth. 2. colloq. (a) scolding, laying someone low. — yemek colloq. to get told off, get one’s ears pinned back, papatya (./.) 1. daisy (the flower). 2. bot. camomile, Anthemis nobilis. falı plucking the petals off a daisy one by one in order to learn one’s fortune., papaz 1. priest; minister, pastor. 2.playing cards king, —a dönmek colloq. to need a haircut, —i göt altında bulmak slang to get one’s comeuppance, get o.s. into trouble. — her gün pilav yemez, proverb (The priest doesn’t get pilaf every day.) 1. Don’t ask a person to do something too often, or he’ll/she’ll get fed up and refuse to do it at all. 2. Things can’t always go the way you’d like them to. —a kızıp oruç/perhiz bozmak colloq. to cut off one’s nose to spite one’s face. ■— lojmanı parsonage; vicarage; rectory. — okulu seminary. — uçurmak slang to have a drinking party, have a booze-up. papazbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. a small goby, Gobiidae. papazi (..—) a thin, silky cloth, papazkaçtı a card game, papazlık being a priest; priesthood; presbyter-ate; being a minister/a pastor; pastorate, pastorship.
papazyahnisi, -ni (./...) a mutton stew, papel slang 1. a (Turkish) lira. 2. formerly a one-lira bank note. 3. a playing card, papelci slang cardsharp, cardsharper.
papik                                              682
papik slang drug, (a) narcotic, papikçi slang drug addict (who takes pills), papirüs (./.) 1. papyrus. 2. bot. the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus. papirüsgiller (./...) bot. Cyperaceae.
Papua-Yeni Gine 1. Papua New Guinea. 2.
   Papua New Guinean, of Papua New Guinea, papuç see pabuç.
papuçgagalı          zool. shoebill, Balaeniceps
   rex.
papura (./.) heavy plow drawn by two yoke of oxen, papyebuvar blotting paper, papyekuşe glossy paper, papyon bow tie. — kravat bow tie. — somunu thumbnut, wing nut. — vidası thumbscrew, para 1. money. 2. (a) para (one fortieth of a kuruş). — alımı fin. collection of money, collecting money. —yı araya değil, paraya vermeli, proverb Don’t waste your money; spend it so that it makes you more money.
   —  aslanın ağzında, proverb If you want money you’ve got to struggle to get it. — babası colloq. moneybags. — basımevi mint (where money is coined/printed). — basmak
   1. to print/mint money. 2. colloq. to lay down a stake (in gambling). —yı bayılmak colloq. to pay out money, shell out money, fork out money. — bozmak to make change, break a coin/a note into smaller denominations. — canlısı colloq. someone who’s excessively
? cond of money. — cezası law fine. — riizda-fii billfold, wallet. — çantası purse. — çekmek /dan/ 1. to draw money (from a bank).
   2. colloq. to squeeze some money out of (s.o.), get (s.o.) to fork over some money.
   —ya çevirmek /ı/ to realize (an asset); to sell (s.t.) (for money). — çıkarmak 1. to issue money. 2. colloq. to send a money order, -sim çıkarmak colloq. to get back the amount one invested (in the form of profits), —dan çıkmak colloq. to have to spend money; to have unexpected expenses. — n çoksa kefil ol, işin yoksa şahit ol. proverb If you have money to burn, be someone’s guarantor; if you want trouble be a court witness. — darlığı econ., see paradarlığı. — dediğin el kiri, proverb (The thing called money is like the dirt on one’s hands.) Money is soon spent. — yla değil colloq. very cheap, dirt cheap, —yla değil, sırayla, colloq. Money can’t always get you what you want./Your money won’t do you any good here. — yi denize atmak colloq. to squander money, throw money down the drain. — dökmek /a/ colloq. to spend a lot of money (on); to pour money into. — dönmek colloq. for bribes to be given. — etmek colloq. to be worth something, be valuable; to be something which will sell. — etmemek colloq.
   1. to be worth nothing; to be something which won’t sell. 2. to have no effect, be in vain. — n gitti mi diye sormazlar, işin bitti
                                                                                            parabellum
   mi diye sorarlar, proverb You should worry more about getting the job done and less about the amount of money it will cost. —-gözlü colloq., see para canlısı. — mn gümüş olduğunu anlamak colloq. to realize that money is not to be thrown around, learn to appreciate the value of money. — ile imamn kimde olduğu bilinmez, proverb You can’t know for sure how much money another person has, just as you can’t know whether or not he’s/she’s a sincere believer in God.
   —  isteme benden, buz gibi soğurum senden. proverb You don’t like to have much to do with people who are always asking you for money. — kazanmak to earn money. — kesmek 1. to coin money. 2. colloq. to make a lot of money. — kırmak colloq. to make a lot of money. — ya kıymak colloq. to spend money, shell out money, fork out money. — koparmak /dan/ colloq. to squeeze some money out of (s.o.), get (s.o.) to fork out some money. — parayı çeker. proverb Money breeds money. — ya para dememek colloq. 1. to make a lot of money. 2. to spend money lavishly. 3. to regard an amount of money as ridiculously small. — pul colloq. money and assets. — sıyla rezil olmak colloq. to pay out money for something that turns out to be completely unsatisfactory, throw money down the drain. — sızdırmak /dan/ colloq., see para koparmak, —sim sokağa atmak colloq. to throw money down the drain. — yı sökülmek slang to have to fork out some money. — şişkinliği econ., see paraşişkinliği. — yı tedavülden kaldırma demonetization, taking money out of circulation. — tutmak colloq. 1. to save money; to be thrifty. 2. to cost, —sı ucuz olanm kendisi kıymetli olur, proverb People like someone who’s free with his/her money, -mn üstü change (given when one has paid more than the stated amount). — n varsa cümle âlem kulun, paran yoksa tımarhane yolun, proverb If you have money, people will bow and scrape to you; if you are penniless, they scorn you or even call you mad.
   —yı veren düdüğü çalar, proverb The one who pays the piper calls the tune. — vurmak colloq. 1. to make money by illegal means. 2. to luck into a lot of money. — yapmak colloq. to earn money and save it.
   —  yardımı monetary aid. — yatıran depositor. — yatırmak /a/ 1. to invest (in). 2. to deposit money (in). — yedirmek /a/ colloq. to bribe. — yeme colloq. accepting bribes.
   —  yemek colloq. 1. to spend money freely. 2. to accept a bribe. — nm yüzü sıcaktır. proverb There is something about money that’s very alluring. — yı zaptetmek deliyi zaptetmekten zor. proverb It’s harder to hold on to one’s money than it is to hold on to a raving lunatic.
                                                             parabellum (../.) Parabellum (an automatic
 parabol                                             683
    pistol used by the German army in World War I).
parabol, -lü geom. parabola, parabolik geom. parabolic, parabolical, paraboloit geom. paraboloid, paraca (./.) as far as money is concerned, with respect to money, paraçol 1. arch., naut. bracket, knee (a support).
    2.     a one-horse carriage with open sides, paradarlığı, -ni (./...) econ. deflation, paradi the upper balcony, the gallery, the peanut gallery, Brit, the gods (of a theater), paradigma (../.) ling, paradigm, paradoks paradox, paradoksal paradoxical, paraf initials, the initial letters of a person’s name(s) and surname (used as a signature), parafazi psych, paraphasia, parafe initialed (signed with a paraf). — etmek hi to initial (a document), parafeleme h/ initialing (a document), parafelemek hi to initial (a document), parafin paraffin, paraffin wax. paragöz colloq. (s.o.) who is excessively fond of money.
paragraf 1. paragraph. 2. paragraph sign, paragraph.
Paraguay 1. Paraguay. 2. Paraguayan, of Paraguay.
ParaguaylI 1. (a) Paraguayan. 2. Paraguayan (person).
paraka (./.) (fishing) setline, groundline, trawl line, trotline. parakete (../.) 1. (fishing) setline, groundline, trawl line, trotline. 2. naut. log. paralaks parallax.
paralama hi 1. tearing (s.t.) to pieces; tearing (s.t./s.o.) limb from limb. 2. wearing (s.t.) to pieces.
paralamak h! 1. to tear (s.t.) to pieces; to tear (s.t./s.o.) limb from limb. 2. to wear (s.t.) to pieces.
/paralanmak colloq. to get flush; to be in the money.
2paralanmak 1. to be torn to pieces. 2. to wear
    o.s. out (trying to do s.t. impossible). 3. to put a lot of painstaking effort into something.
paralel 1. parallel. 2. sports parallel bars. — arabirim comp, parallel interface. — bar sports parallel bars. — port/kapi comp. parallel port, paralelizm phil. parallelism, paralelkenar (../..) geom. parallelogram, paralellik parallelism, paralelyüz (../.) geom. parallelepiped, paralı 1. rich, in the money. 2. (s.t.) which isn’t available free of charge, which costs money; (school) which charges tuition. 3. (cloth) covered with polka dots. — pullu colloq. rich, wealthy. — yol toll road, turnpike, turnpike road, paralık (s.t.) worth (so many) paras.
                                                                                                           parça
paralitik paralytic, paralizi paralysis, paralojizm log. paralogism, parametre (../.) math, parameter, paramparça (./..) 1. broken to smithereens, smashed to bits. 2. ripped to shreds, in tatters, parankima (./..) biol. parenchyma, paranoit 1. (a) paranoid. 2. paranoid, para-noidal. paranoya (../.) paranoia, paranoyak 1. (a) paranoiac. 2. paranoiac, paranoic.
parantez parenthesis. — açmak colloq. to digress, say/write something as an aside, parapet, -ti 1. parapet, balustrade. 2. bulwarks (of a ship), parasal monetary.
parasempatik anat. parasympathetic. — sinir sistemi parasympathetic nervous system, parasız 1. (s.o.) who has no money. 2. poor, penniless. 3. free. 4. (done) free of charge, free, gratis. — pulsuz colloq. 1. utterly penniless. 2. without spending a penny, free, gratis. — yatılı (öğrenci) boarding student (in a state-run school) who gets a small stipend, plus board and lodging, from the state.
parasızlık 1. lack of money. 2. pennilessness, poverty.
paraşişkinliği, -ni (./....) econ. inflation, paraşol a one-horse carriage wih open sides, paraşüt, -tü parachute. — açma ipi/kordonu
    rip cord. —le atlama parachute jump, jump made with parachute, paraşütçü 1. parachutist, parachuter; paratrooper. 2. slang gate-crasher, person who tries to get into places without paying, paraşütçülük 1. being a parachutist/a paratrooper; parachuting. 2. slang gate-crashing, paratifo (../.) path, paratyphoid, paratoner lightning rod.
’paravan folding screen, screen. — şirket (a) front organization, (a) front. — yapmak hi to make (s.o.) one’s front man/front. 2paravan see 2paravana.
’paravana (../.) see ’paravan.
2paravana (../.) navy paravane, otter, parazit, -ti 1. biol. parasite. 2. radio, TV static, interference, atmospherics; cross-talk. 3. colloq. sponger, parasite. 4. colloq. (s.o.) who sponges. — yapmak slang to bother someone (with boring, stupid talk), parazitlik parasitism; parasitic relationship, parazitoloji parasitology, parça 1. piece; fragment; bit. 2. item (in a set of several items). 3. piece (of literature/ music/fine art); passage (from a piece of literature/music/fine art). 4. off. a poor substitute for ..., a worthless thing that goes by the name of ...: bu hekim parçası this worthless individual who’s supposed to be a doctor.
   5. used as a counting word: beş parça kumaş five lengths of cloth. 6. slang pretty
 parçacı
   woman, nice piece of goods. 7. slang hashish, hash. — alım surg. biopsy. — almak surg. to carry out a biopsy. — bohçası 1. patchwork cloth. 2. colloq. mishmash, hodgepodge. — mal goods sold by the piece. — parça 1. in bits and pieces, in smithereens.
   2.     in separate pieces. 3. in installments. 4. tattered, in rags. — parça etmek hi to break/ smash/tear/pull (s.t./s.o.) to pieces. — parça olmak to be broken/smashed/torn/pulled to pieces. — parça satmak hi 1. to sell (s.t.) piecemeal. 2. to sell (s.t.) retail, parçacı 1. seller of cloth remnants. 2. seller of spare parts, parçacık phys. particle.
parçalama hi breaking/smashing/tearing/pulling (s.t./s.o.) to pieces, parçalamak hi to break/smash/tear/pull (s.t./ s.o.) to pieces, parçalanma 1. being broken/smashed/torn/ pulled to pieces. 2. wearing o.s. out trying to please someone, parçalanmak 1. to be broken/smashed/torn/ pulled to pieces. 2. to wear o.s. out trying to please someone, parçalatma hi having (s.t.) broken/smashed/ torn/pulled to pieces, parçalatmak hi to have (s.t.) broken/smashed/ torn/pulled to pieces, parçalayıcı divisive.
parçalı 1. (s.t.) made up of (so many) pieces.
   2.  patchwork, patch worked (piece of cloth).
   3.  colloq. biting/insinuating (remark). — bohça patchwork cloth. — bohça gibi colloq. (s.t.) which is a mishmash. — bulutlu partly cloudy. — yorgan patchwork quilt.
pardesii see par döşü, pardon (.'.) Pardon me ./Excuse me. pardösü lightweight overcoat, topcoat, pare (—.) 1. piece; fragment; bit. 2. used as a counting word: üç pare gemi three ships.
   —      pare in pieces, in bits and pieces, parfüm perfume, parfümeri perfumery.
parıldama gleaming; flashing, glittering; sparkling; twinkling, parıldamak to gleam; to flash, glitter; to sparkle; to twinkle, parıldatma hi making (s.t.) gleam/flash/glitter/ sparkle/twinkle, parıldatmak hi to make (s.t.) gleam/flash/ glitter/sparkl e/twinkle, parıl parıl (./ ..) gleamingly; flashingly, glit-teringly; sparklingly. — parlamak to shine brightly, gleam; to glitter, parıltı gleam; flash, glitter; sparkle; twinkle, parıltılı gleaming, flashing, glittering, sparkling, or twinkling (thing), parite fin. parity.
park, -ki 1. park (area of land). 2. parking lot; Brit, car park. 3. playpen. 4. parking (of a vehicle). 5. mil. park. — etmek /i, a/ to park (a vehicle) (somewhere). — sayacı parking
 684                                          parmak
   meter. — yapılmaz. No parking. — yapmak /da/ to park (somewhere), parka (/.) parka.
parke 1. parquet, parquetry. 2. cobblestone pavement. — taşı cobblestone, parkeci 1. person who makes parquetry. 2. person who lays cobblestones.
Parkinson used in: — hastalığı path. Parkinson’s disease, parkur 1. racecourse, course, track. 2. golf course.
parlak 1. bright, brilliant, shining, gleaming, glistening; radiant; luminous. 2. wonderful, brilliant, great; successful. 3. slang pretty attractive but rather effeminate (youth). 4. slang dressed fit to kill, sharp-looking, parlakkuş (./.) zool. jacamar, Galbulidae. parlaklaşma beginning to shine/gleam/glisten, parlaklaşmak to begin to shine/gleam/glisten, parlaklık 1. brilliance, brightness. 2. wonder, brilliance, greatness, parlama 1. shining; gleaming; glistening. 2. flare-up, flare, flaring (of flames/anger). 3. bursting into flame, flare-up, flaring, parlamak 1. to shine; to gleam; to glisten. 2. to flare, flare up, flame up, burst into flame.
   3. to flare up (in anger). 4. to shine; to become eminent; to display brilliance. 5. to begin to bark.
parlamentarizm parliamentarism, parliament-arianism.
parlamenter 1. member of parliament, MP. 2.
   parliamentary, parlamento (...'.) parliament, parlatma 1. hi polishing, burnishing; making (s.t.) shine/gleam/glisten. 2. slang tossing off (booze), knocking back (booze), parlatmak 1. hi to polish, burnish; to make (s.t.) shine/gleam/glisten. 2. slang to toss off (booze), knock back (booze), parmak 1. finger. 2. toe. 3. spoke (of a wheel).
   4. bar, rail (in a railing/a grill); baluster. 5. inch (2.5 centimeters). 6. finger (measure used to determine the amount of liquid in a glass). 7. the amount of material that will stick to a finger: bir parmak bal a taste of honey. 8. the length of a finger (used in making rough measurements). — ı ağzında kalmak colloq. to be greatly astonished, be open-mouthed with amazement; to marvel at something wonderful. — atmak colloq. to make trouble, stir up a stink. — basmak 1. /a/ colloq. to draw attention to (a point). 2. to put one’s thumbprint on (a document) (in lieu of a signature). — ımı basarım, colloq. You mark my words! — mı bile kıpır data-mamak/oynatamamak colloq. not to be able to move a muscle (owing to fatigue), —mi bile kıpırdatmamak/oynatmamak colloq. not to lift so much as a finger (to help). —larini birlikte yemek colloq., see parmaklarını yemek. — bozmak (for children) to be on the outs with each other. — ma do-
parmakçı                                        685
   lamak hi colloq. to get (s.t.) on the brain.
   —  emmek (for a child) to suck his/her thumb, —la gösterilmek colloq. 1. to be a person of distinction, be famous. 2. to be small in number, be so few one can count them on the fingers of one hand (as it were).
   —  hesabı 1. (doing arithmetic by) counting on one’s fingers. 2. metrical system based on a count of syllables. — hesabı göstermek to try to fool a creditor into thinking that no more money is owed him/her. — ısırmak colloq. to be greatly astonished, be open -mouthed with amazement; to marvel at something wonderful. — ısırtmak /a/ colloq. to leave (s.o.) open-mouthed with astonishment; to cause (s.o.) to marvel. — izi fingerprint, dactylogram. — kadar colloq. small, mere slip of a (child). — kaldı colloq. almost, very nearly. — kaldırmak 1. to raise one’s hand (with only the index finger extended) (done as a means of asking permission to speak). 2. to vote in favor of a motion. — kalemleri anat., see parmak kemikleri. — kapı 1. gate made of vertical bars. 2. hinged window grate. — kemikleri anat. the phalanges. — ı olmak /da/ colloq. to have a finger in (s.t.), have something to do with (s.t.). —mda oynatmak hi colloq. to twist (s.o.) around one’s little finger, dominate (s.o.) completely, —mı oynatmak colloq. to give a bribe, grease someone’s palm.
   —  parmak finger-shaped, fingerlike. — ma sarmak hi colloq., see parmağına dolamak.
   —la sayılmak colloq. to be so few one can count them on the fingers of one hand (so to speak). — ını sokmak /a/ colloq. to interfere in, meddle in (s.t.); to stick one’s oar in. — tatlısı a sweet, finger-shaped pastry, —mm ucunda/ucuyla çevirmek hi colloq. to do (s.t.) easily and skillfully, —mm ucunu göstermemek colloq. (for a woman) to cover herself so that a man may see no part of her body whatsoever. — usulü metrical system based on a count of syllables. —ı uzun bal yemez, kısmeti olan yer. proverb The person who obtains something is not the person who’s best qualified to get it, but the person who is fated to get it. — üzümü a grape whose fruit is somewhat elongated. — mı yaranın üzerine basmak colloq. to put one’s finger on the real problem, —larmi yemek colloq. to find a food very much to one’s liking, relish every mouthful of a food.
parmakçı colloq. inciter, fomenter, instigator, agitator.
parmaklama hi 1. eating (s.t.) with one’s fingers. 2. fingering, handling. 3. stirring up, inciting.
parmaklamak hi 1. to eat (s.t.) with one’s fingers. 2. to finger, handle. 3. to stir up, incite.
parmaklık 1. railing; balustrade; grate, grating; grill, window-guard. 2. cot, fingerstall.
                                                                                                                 ‘pas
parmıcan Parmesan cheese, parodi parody.
parola (./.) password, watchword; countersign, parpa young turbot.
par par (/ .) (shining) brightly; gleamingly;
    flashingly, glitteringly; sparklingly. pars zool. leopard, panther, Felis pardus. parsa money (collected from onlookers/listeners), collection. — yı başkası toplamak colloq. for someone else to reap the benefits of your work (while you are left empty-handed/ unrecognized). — toplamak to take up a collection, pass the hat. parsal see partal.
parsel parcel, plot, lot (of officially surveyed land).
parselasyon parcellation. parselleme /i/ dividing (land) into parcels, parcellation.
parsellemek hi to divide (land) into parcels, parsellenme division (of land) into parcels, parsellenmek (for land) to be divided into parcels.
parselli (land) which has been divided into parcels.
parşömen parchment; vellum. — kâğıdı paper resembling parchment; parchment paper, vegetable parchment; vellum paper, partal colloq. worn-out, shabby, partenogenez biol. parthenogenesis, parter 1. ground floor (of a theater/a concert hall), orchestra, parterre. 2. parterre, flower bed.
parti 1. pol. party. 2. party (social gathering).
    3.    consignment (of goods). 4. (one) game (in a series). 5. colloq. bargain, something acquired very cheaply. 6. mus. part. —yi kaybetmek colloq. to come out the loser. — vermek to give a party. — yi vurmak colloq. to seize a good business opportunity and profit from it. partici pol. 1. party member. 2. (s.o.) who is an all-out party man. particilik pol. partisanship, partikül phys. particle, partili pol. party member, partisip, -pi gram, participle, partisyon mus. full score, partition, partitur, parti tura.
partizan 1. partisan, uncritically devoted. 2. (a) partisan. 3. mil. partisan, guerrilla. 4. mil. (a) partisan, partizanlık partisanship, partner partner.
parttaym (/.) 1. part time. 2. part-time, parya (/.) pariah, outcast.
’pas 1. rust; tarnish; corrosion. 2. rust (on plants). 3. a white film (sometimes seen on the tongue). — mı açmak hn/ to clean the rust/tarnish/corrosion off (s.t.). — bağlamak see pas tutmak. — giderici rust remover.
    —  önleyici antirust. — tutmak to rust; to tarnish; to corrode. — tutmaz rustproof.
2pas                                                 686
2pas sports (a) pass. P—! I pass ./Pass (said when playing cards). — geçmek slang to disregard something. — vermek /a/ 1. to pass the ball to (one’s teammate). 2. slang (for a woman) to give (a man) the glad eye, make a pass at.
pasaj 1. covered shopping arcade; (pedestrian) passageway lined with shops. 2. passage (from a piece of writing), pasak dirt, filth.
                                                                    pasaklı 1. untidy (person). 2. slovenly dressed, pasaklılık 1. untidiness, being untidy by nature.
                                                                    2. slovenliness of dress, slovenly appearance, pasaparola (.../.) mil. order passed through the ranks by word of mouth. — etmek h/ 1. mil. to pass (an order) along through the ranks.
    2.    colloq. to tell the world about (s.t.). pasaport, -tu passport. —unu almak colloq. to be fired, be given one’s walking papers.
    —  çıkartmak to get a passport. — unu eline vermek Iml colloq. to fire (s.o.), give (s.o.) his/her walking papers, give (s.o.) the old heave-ho.
pasavan laissez-passer.
pasif 1. passive. 2. com. liabilities; debit side of a balance sheet. — direniş passive resistance. —• korunma passive defense.
Pasifik Okyanusu, -nu the Pacific Ocean, pasifleştirme hi pacifying, reducing (s.o.) to a submissive state, subduing, pasifleştirmek hi to pacify, reduce (s.o.) to a submissive state, subdue, pasiflik passiveness, passivity, paskal 1. clownish, comic, funny. 2. comic character in the ortaoyunu and in tuluat, paskallık clowning, clownery, paskalya (./.) 1. Easter. 2. Passover, Pesach, Pasch, Pascha. — çöreği a sweet yeast bread.
    —  yumurtası Easter egg. — yumurtası gibi colloq. overly made-up (woman).
paslanma 1. rusting, rust; tarnishing, tarnish; corroding, corrosion. 2. (of one’s tongue) becoming coated with a white film, paslanmak 1. to rust; to tarnish; to corrode. 2.
    (for one’s tongue) to become coated with a white film.
paslanmaz rustproof; tarnishproof; noncor-rodible. — çelik stainless steel, paslaşma 1. sports passing the ball to each other. 2. slang giving each other the glad eye. paslaşmak 1. sports to pass the ball to each other. 2. slang to give each other the glad eye.
paslatma III causing (s.t.) to rust/tamish/corrode. paslatmak hi to cause (s.t.) to rust/tarnish/ corrode, paslı rusty; tarnished; corroded, pasmantan, -ni (/...) bot. rust fungus.
pasmantangiller (/.......) bot. Uredinales.
paso (/.) pass (entitling its holder to free entry or a reduced rate). Benden paso! colloq. Count me out!/I’m throwing in the towel!/
    I’m calling it quits!
                                                                                                paşaçadırı
                               paspal 1. flour containing a lot of bran. 2. slang poor quality hashish. 3. colloq. slovenly, paspartu passe-partout (a picture frame), paspas 1. doormat. 2. mop (used for cleaning/ drying a floor); wet mop; dust mop, dry mop.
   —      yapmak to mop the floor; to wet-mop/ dust-mop the floor, paspaslama hi mopping; wet-mopping; dust -mopping.
paspaslamak hi to mop; to wet-mop; to dust -mop.
pasrengi, -ni (/..) 1. the color rust, rust. 2. rust -colored, rust, rusty.
*pasta (/.) any rich cake with a creamy filling, Brit, cream-cake.
2pasta (/.) pleat, fold, pastacı (/..) maker/seller of pastry, pastacılık (/...) being a maker/a seller of pastry, pastahane (..—.) see pastane, pastal prov. a number of tobacco leaves strung together on a line, pastalı (/..) pleated.
pastane (.—.) pastry shop, bakeshop, bakery (specializing in cream-cakes). pastav formerly 1. a roll of broadcloth measuring 50 arshins. 2. a noisemaking device used by the pişekâr in the ortaoyunu, —la pazarlık wholesale bargaining, pastel 1. pastel, pastel crayon. 2. pastel drawing, pastel. 3. pastel (color), pastırma pastrami-like beef (beef that has been smoked or dried in the sun after being treated with spices). — çemeni cumin used in preparing pastrami. — sini çıkarmak Iml colloq. to beat the tar out of (s.o.). — yazı Indian summer; Brit. Saint Luke’s/Saint Martin’s summer, pastırmacı maker/seller of pastrami, pastırmacılık being a maker/a seller of pastrami.
pastırmalık (s.t.) suitable for making pastrami, pastil pastille; troche, throat lozenge; cough drop, pastiş pastiche.
pastoral, -li 1. mus. pastorale. 2. pastoral, rustic, idyllic. 3. pastoral, idyll, pastörizasyon pasteurization, pastörize pasteurized. — etmek hi to pasteurize. — süt pasteurized milk, pastra (/.) a card game, paşa 1. pasha. 2. colloq. general; admiral. 3. colloq. well-behaved, sedate (child). — gibi yaşamak colloq. to live in easy circumstances. — kapısı 1. the Sublime Porte, the Grand Vizierate (building housing the Grand Vizier’s office). 2. building housing the government offices of a province. — olmak colloq. to get as drunk as a lord. — paşa colloq. (for a child to act) in a quiet, mannerly way. paşaağacı, -ni (./...) bot. obeche, arere, Triplochiton scieroxylon. paşaçadırı, -ni (./...) bot. beefsteak begonia, Begonia feastii.
 paşalık                                           687
paşalık 1. being a pasha; the rank and duties of a pasha. 2. area ruled by a pasha, pashalik. paşmak see başmak, paşmakçı see başmakçı.
’pat, -ti flat, wide (nose).
2pat B am!/Whop!AVhomp! — diye 1. with a thud/a thump/a whop/a crash. 2. suddenly.
   —   küt 1. Biff!/Bam! 2. with biffs and bams.
   —   pat with great whops.
3pat, -ti 1. bot. aster, Aster. 2. aster-shaped diamond pin.
pata card games/gambling being deadlocked, being in a stalemate. — çakmak /a/ slang to give (s.o.) a casual (military-style) salute.
   —   gelmek 1. to be tied, be even, be all square (in a card game). 2. to be square, owe each other nothing.
patagos obs., slang five-kuruş coin, patak colloq. beating, thrashing, pataklama /ı/1. beating, thrashing, giving (s.o.) a beating. 2. sweeping (a place) in a hurried, haphazard way. 3. washing (clothes) (by beating them) in a hurried, haphazard way. pataklamak hi 1. to beat, thrash, give (s.o.) a beating. 2. to sweep (a place) in a hurried, haphazard way. 3. to wash (clothes) (by beating them) in a hurried, haphazard way. pataklanma 1. (of s.o.) being beaten, being thrashed, being given a beating. 2. being swept/washed hurriedly and haphazardly, pataklanmak 1. (for s.o.) to be beaten, be thrashed, be given a beating. 2. to be swept/ washed hurriedly and haphazardly, patalya (..'.) naut. large rowboat (having up to three pairs of oars), patates (./.) bot. potato, Solanum tuberosum.
   —   peronosporası bot. late blight of potatoes, Phytophthora infestans. — tava fried potatoes; French fries, fries, French fried potatoes, Brit, chips.
patatesböceği, -ni (./....) zool. potato bug, potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. patavatsız (s.o.) who talks/acts without thinking, tactless, patavatsızlık tactlessness, paten 1. ice skate. 2. roller skate, patent, -ti 1. patent, patent right. 2. naut. bill of health, —inin altma almak hi colloq. to gain control over (s.o.), get (s.o.) under one’s sway, patentli patented, patetik pathetic.
patırdama making a pattering/clattering noise;
   pattering; clattering (when walking), patırdamak to make a pattering/clattering noise;
   to patter; to clatter (when walking), patırdatma hi pattering/clattering (one’s feet), patırdatmak hi to patter/clatter (one’s feet), patır kütür (./ ..) with a clattering noise, patır patır (./ ..) with a pattering sound, patırtı 1. patter/clatter (of feet). 2. noise, clatter.
   3.  colloq. row, tumult, disturbance. — çıkarmak colloq. to provoke a row, cause a com-
                                                                                                     patlayıcı
   motion, raise a ruckus. — etmek to make a great deal of noise. — kopmak colloq. for a commotion to break out. — ya pabuç bırakmamak colloq., see gürültüye pabuç bırakmamak. —ya vermek hi colloq. to set (a place) in an uproar, patırtılı noisy.
                                                                 pati 1. colloq. paw (of a dog/a cat). 2. prov.
    tootsy, tootsie, foot (of a baby), patik (baby’s) bootee; (leather) shoe for a very small child, patika (..'.) path, trail.
                                                                 patinaj 1. ice skating. 2. skidding/slipping/ spinning (of wheels). — yapmak 1. to skate.
    2.   (for wheels/a vehicle) to skid; (for wheels) to spin/slip. — zinciri tire chain, patis very fine cotton batiste, patiska (./.) a cotton cloth heavier than muslin, Brit, calico.
patlak 1. burst; torn open; cracked. 2. place where a thing has burst open. — göz popeye, bulging eye. — gözlü popeyed, bug-eyed. — vermek colloq. 1. (for s.t. secret) to be discovered/divulged. 2. (for s.t. unpleasant) to break out.
patlama 1. explosion, blowup. 2. splitting open; bursting open. 3. colloq. breaking out (of s.t. unpleasant). 4. /dan/ colloq. being ready to explode or feeling like screaming owing to (anger/boredom). 5. colloq. exploding, giving vent to one’s feelings. 6. sudden expansion, patlamak 1. to burst, explode, blow up. 2. to split open; to burst open. 3. colloq. (for s.t. unpleasant) to break out. 4. /dan/ colloq. to be ready to explode or feel like screaming owing to (anger/boredom). 5. colloq. to explode, give vent to one’s feelings. 6. /a, a/ colloq. (for s.t.) to cost (s.o.) (so much): Bu daire ona yirmi milyara patladı. This apartment cost him twenty billion. Patlama! colloq. Just hold your horses a minute !/Don’t blow your stack! patlamalı used in: patlamalı motor internal -combustion engine, patlamasiz used in: patlamasiz motor diesel engine.
patlangaç 1. popgun; peashooter. 2. firecracker that explodes when thrown to the ground, patlangıç see patlangaç, patlatma 1. hi blowing up, exploding. 2. hi causing (s.t.) to burst open. 3. hi firing (a weapon). 4. hi colloq. driving (s.o.) crazy, making (s.o.) want to scream; infuriating (s.o.). 5. colloq. landing someone one in the kisser, giving someone a punch in the face, patlatmak 1. hi to blow up, explode. 2. Ill to cause (s.t.) to burst open. 3. hi to fire (a weapon). 4. hi colloq. to drive (s.o.) crazy, make (s.o.) want to scream; to infuriate. 5. colloq. to land someone one in the kisser, give someone a punch in the face, patlayıcı 1. explosive. 2. (an) explosive (substance). — madde (an) explosive; explosive
patlayış                                             688
    material; explosive substance. — ünsüz phon. plosive consonant. — yağ nitroglycerin, nitroglycerine, patlayış explosion.
patlıcan bot. eggplant, Solanum melongena. — inciri a large, purple fig. patlıcangiller bot. Solanaceae. patolog pathologist, patoloji pathology, patolojik pathological.
*patpat, -ti colloq. rug-beater, carpet-beater (a household implement).
2patpat, -ti slang money, dough, patriarkal patriarchal.
patrik patriarch (in the Eastern Orthodox Church).
patrikhane (..—.) patriarchate (building housing the office of a patriarch in the Eastern Orthodox Church), patriklik rank of a patriarch, patriarchate; being a patriarch.
patron 1. boss, employer, head/owner of a firm/ a business. 2. (dressmaker’s/tailor’s) pattern, patrona (./.) hist, vice-admiral, patronaj law state assistance designed to help newly released prisoners adjust to life outside of prison, patronluk being a boss, pattadak (/..) colloq. suddenly, pattadan (/..) colloq., see pattadak, pavkırmak prov. 1. (for a fox) to bark. 2. (for a jackal) to howl, pavurya (./.) 1. zool. hermit crab, Pagurus. 2. slang someone who walks with one shoulder bent aslant.
pavyon 1. cheap night club. 2. pavilion (usually one of a complex of detached buildings), pay 1. share, lot, portion. 2. equal part: Onu dört pay yap. Divide it into four equal parts.
   3. tailor, margin, seam allowance (left so that a garment may be let out). 4. margin (margin of safety, profit margin). 5. math, numerator.
   —mı almak 1. /dan/ to get (one’s) share (of). 2. colloq. to get a scolding, get told off. — bırakmak to leave a margin, leave a little extra (for seams/trimming). — biçmek /dan/ 1. colloq. to put (s.o.) in someone else’s place: Kendinden pay biç! Put yourself in his place! 2. to measure (one thing) against (another), consider (one thing) in the light of (another). — etmek /ı/ to share, di-vide-(s.t.) up; to go shares in (s.t.). — vermek /a/ colloq. (for a younger person) to talk back to, sass (an older person), payanda (./.) prop, support, shore; stanchion; buttress, —lari çözmek slang to run away, take off, beat it. payandalama hi propping up, shoring up, buttressing.
payandalamak hi to prop up, shore up, buttress, payda math, denominator, paydaş shareholder; joint owner, paydaşlı jointly owned.
                                                                                                       pazar
paydaşlık being a shareholder; joint ownership, paydos (/.) 1. break, rest; end of the work day. 2. stopping work for a while; taking a break. P—! colloq. It’s quitting time!/lt’s break time! — borusu çalmak for quitting time or break time to come. — demek colloq. to leave off doing something. — etmek to quit work, stop working, paye (—.) rank, position. — vermek /a/ 1. to show deference to, esteem. 2. to esteem (s.o. who doesn’t deserve to be esteemed), payen see pagan.
payet, -ti paillette, pailette, sequin, spangle, payidar (—..) enduring, lasting; permanent. — olmak to be enduring/lasting/permanent, payitaht, -ti (—..) capital city (of a kingdom/ an empire), capital, paylama hi scolding, telling (s.o.) off. paylamak hi to scold, tell (s.o.) off. paylanma being scolded, being told off. paylanmak to be scolded, be told off. paylaşma sharing (s.t.). paylaşmak hi to share.
paylaştırma /ı, a/ dividing and distributing (s.t.) in shares among (two or more people); seeing that (s.t.) is divided and distributed in shares among (two or more people), paylaştırmak /ı, a/ to divide and distribute (s.t.) in shares among (two or more people); to see that (s.t.) is divided and distributed in shares among (two or more people), paylatma hi having (s.o.) scolded or told off;
                                /i, a/ causing (s.o.) to tell (s.o. else) off. paylatmak hi to have (s.o.) scolded or told off;
   /i, a/ to cause (s.o.) to tell (s.o. else) off. payplayn (/.) (long-distance) pipeline (for oil/ gas).
payreks (/.) Pyrex.
paytak 1. colloq. knock-kneed; bandy-legged, bowlegged. 2. chess pawn. — adım waddle, waddling, a waddling gait. — paytak colloq. waddlingly. — yolu prov. rough path, trail, track.
paytaklık colloq. being knock-kneed; bandy -leggedness, bowleggedness. payton phaeton (a horse-drawn carriage), paytoncu carriage driver, paytonculuk 1. hiring carriages. 2. carriage -driving.
pazar 1. market, market place; bazaar. 2. Sunday. 3. trading, buying and selling. — araştırması market research. — bozmak (for a seller) to begin to pack up his/her wares, —a çıkarmak h/ to put (s.t.) up for sale. — ekonomisi market economy. —, ilk pazardır. proverb The first offer a seller receives for something usually turns out to be the best price he/she can expect to get for it. — kayığı large caique (formerly used to carry goods from Istanbul to the villages along the Bosphorus). — kayığı gibi colloq. heavily loaded (vehicle). — kesmek colloq. to strike a bargain, agree on a price. — kurmak to
pazarbaşı                                          689
   set up an open market. — ola! colloq. I hope you have a lot of trade today! (said to a merchant). — yeri see pazaryeri, pazarbaşı, -nı (..'..) formerly local official who oversaw the operation of a market, pazarcı seller in a market, pazarlama marketing (of a product), pazarlamacı 1. salesman. 2. marketing expert, pazarlamak hi to market, pazarlaşma bargaining; haggling, pazarlaşmak to bargain; to haggle, pazarlık bargaining; haggling. — etmek to bargain; to haggle, pazartesi, -yi (./..) Monday, pazaryeri, -ni (./..) 1. marketplace. 2. a country which is a marketplace for the goods of another country. — ne dönmek colloq. (for a place) to get crowded, pazen (—.) (cotton) flannel (a fabric).
’pazı hot. chard, Beta vulgaris cicla.
2pazi anat. biceps. — kemiği anat. humerus.
3pazi a lump of dough (from which one loaf of bread can be made), pazıbent 1. armband, armlet. 2. amulet worn around the arm. pazval shoemaker’s knee-strap. pazvant, -ti hist, night watchman.
Pd chem. Pd (palladium), peçe veil (made of light, black cloth), peçeleme hi camouflaging, camouflage, peçelemek hi to camouflage, peçeli veiled (with a peçe), peçeta (./.) see peseta, peçete (./.) table napkin, napkin, peçiç pachisi (a game), pedagog, -gu 1. pedagogist. 2. educationist, educationalist, educator, pedagoji 1. pedagogics. 2. education (as a field of study).
pedagojik \. pedagogic, pedagogical. 2. educational.
pedal 1. pedal; treadle. 2. treadle press, printing press operated by means of a treadle, pedalye pedal keyboard, pedalier (of an organ/ a harpsichord), peder father.
pederane (..— .) 1. fatherly. 2. in a fatherly way. pederşahi (..— —) sociol. patriarchal; patri-centric.
pederşahilik (..— —.) sociol. patriarchy.
pediatr pediatrician.
pediatri pediatrics.
pediatrik pediatric.
pediatrist, -ti pediatrician.
pedikür pedicure.
pedikürcü pedicurist.
pedolog soil scientist, pedologist.
‘pedoloji pedology, paidology.
2pedoloji soil science, pedology, pedotekni applied paidology. pegmatit, -ti geol. pegmatite, pehle stone which forms one side of a sarcophagus.
                                                                                                  pekişmek
 pehlivan 1. wrestler (who contends according to the rules of yağlı güreş). 2. colloq. strong and strapping person. — yakısı a very strong blistering plaster, pehlivanlık 1. being a wrestler. 2. colloq. brute strength.
pehpeh How nice!/Bravo! (usually said sarcastically or merely to flatter). pehpehleme 111 flattering, praising (s.o.) ful-somely.
pehpehlemek hi to flatter, praise (s.o.) ful-somely. pehriz see perhiz.
pejmürde 1. shabby, worn-out, ragged. 2. disheveled, pejoratif pejorative.
 pek, -ki 1. very, extremely. 2. very much, a great deal. 3. hard, firm. 4. unyielding, rigid. 5. strong, sound. 6. (moving) fast, speedily. — başlı colloq. obstinate, hardheaded. — canlı colloq. hardy, tough, (s.o.) who possesses endurance. — çok 1. a great many; quite a few; a lot of. 2. a great deal, very much. — gözlü colloq. bold, courageous, gutsy. — pek colloq. at the very most. — söylemek colloq. 1. to speak harshly, speak tactlessly. 2. to speak out loud. — yaş olma, sıkılırsın; pek de kuru olma, kırılırsın. proverb (Don’t be too wet, or you will be wrung dry; but don’t be too dry, or you will crack.) Don’t be too easygoing, or people will walk over you; on the other hand, don’t be too domineering, or nobody will like you.
    —  yürekli colloq. hardhearted. — yüzlü colloq. 1. brazen, shameless. 2. very outspoken; tactless.
 pekâlâ (.— —) 1. All right ./Okay ./Very well. 2. most certainly: Pekâlâ yapacağım. I shall most certainly do it. 3. very well: Beni pekâlâ anladı. He understood me very well. 4. perfectly good, quite adequate: Pekâlâ bir saat, nesini beğenmiyorsun? It’s a perfectly good watch, what don’t you like about it? 5. If that’s so, then ...?: Pekâlâ, niçin öyle yapmadın? If that’s so, then why didn’t you do it in that way? pekdoku (/..) bot. collenchyma. pekent natural barrier/obstacle (e.g. a river, a mountain range), peki (/.) 1. All right./Okay./Very well. 2. If that’s so, then ...?: Peki, ne yapsm? If that’s so, then what can he do?
Pekin (/.) 1. Peking. 2. Peking, Pekin, Pekingese, Pekinese, of Peking, pekin phil. certain, not to be doubted, pekinlik phil. certainty, certainness, pekinördeği, -ni (/....) Pekin, Peking, Peking duck.
                                                                pekişme 1. hardening, becoming rigid. 2. becoming stronger, strengthening. 3. becoming stopped up; becoming jammed together, pekişmek 1. to harden, become rigid. 2. to become stronger, strengthen. 3. to become
pekiştirme                                         690
                                                                stopped up; to become jammed together, pekiştirme hi 1. stiffening, hardening. 2. strengthening, firming up; reinforcing, reinforcement; intensifying, pekiştirmek 111 1. to stiffen, harden. 2. to strengthen, firm up; to reinforce; to intensify, pekiştirmeli gram, intensive, intensifying;
                                                                (word) whose meaning has been intensified, pekitme ill strengthening, buttressing; reinforcing, reinforcement. — ayağı arch, buttress; stanchion, pekitmek 111 to strengthen, buttress; to reinforce, pekleşme 1. hardening, becoming rigid. 2. becoming stronger, strengthening.
»pekleşmek 1. to harden, become rigid. 2. to become stronger, strengthen, peklik constipation. — çekmek to be constipated.
pekmez 1. molasses (thick syrup made by boiling down the saccharine juice of any of various fruits). 2: slang blood. — akıtmak slang to spill blood. — i küpten, kadını kökten al. proverb When you take a wife, choose a woman that comes from a good family.
                                                                —in olsun, sineği Bağdat’tan gelir, proverb If you’ve got a good product to sell, you’ll find that people will come from the ends of the earth to buy it. — toprağı geol. marl, pekmezci maker/seller of molasses, pekmezli 1. sweetened with molasses; (s.t.)
, which contains molasses. 2. very sweet (in taste).
pekmezlik suitable for making molasses, peksimet, -ti (a) hard biscuit, teething biscuit;
    hardtack, ship biscuit; a kind of zwieback, pektoral med. 1. pectoral, pertaining to the breast/chest. 2. pectoral, serviceable in diseases of the chest/lungs, peleme a flat-bottomed rowboat (used in rivers), pelemir bot., see belemir, pelerin cape (article of clothing), pelesenk, -gi 1. balm of Gilead, balsam of Gilead. 2. balm, balsam. 3. rosewood, pelesenkağacı, -ni (../...) bot. 1. rosewood, Dalbergia. 2. balm of Gilead, Commiphora opobalsamum. pelikan zool. pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus. pelikangiller zool. Pelicanidae. pelikansılar zool. Pelecaniformes. pelin bot. wormwood, Artemisia. — ruhu wormwood oil, absinthe oil. pelit, -ti 1. acorn. 2. valonia; camata; camatina. pelte 1. a gelatinous dessert made with cornstarch. 2. chem. gel. peltek lisping, (s.o.) who lisps, peltekleşme developing a lisp, peltekleşmek to develop a lisp, pelteklik lisp, lisping.
pelteleşme developing a jellylike consistency, pelteleşmek to develop a jellylike consistency, pelür onionskin (a thin paper). — kâğıdı see pelür. pelüş plush (a fabric).
                                                                                                   penguen
                                                               pembe pink. — görmek 111 colloq. to see (s.t.)
   through rose-colored glasses, pembeleşme turning pink, pembeleşmek to turn pink, pembelik 1. pink, pinkness. 2. pinkishness, pembemsi pinkish, pena (/.) mus. plectrum, pick, penaltı, -yi (/..) sports penalty. — alanı penalty area. — atışı penalty kick: pencere (/..) window. — eteği section of wall extending from the sill of a window to the floor.
 pencüdü (/./) a five and a two (a throw of dice). — atmak slang to lie, have/put someone on.
 pencüse (/./) a five and a three (a throw of dice).
 pencüyek (/./) a five and a one (a throw of dice).
pençe 1. paw; claw. 2. colloq. clutches; grip. 3. sole (of a shoe). — atmak /a/ 1. colloq. to try to lay hands on, try to seize. 2. (for an animal) to strike or strike at (s.o./s.t.) with its paw/claw/talons, —sine düşmek Iml colloq. to fall into the clutches of (s.o.). — pençe colloq. (cheeks) suffused with red. — vurmak /a/ to sole (a shoe), pençeleme ill 1. (of an animal) striking at (s.o./ s.t.) with its paw/claw/talons; pawing, mauling; clawing. 2. soling (a shoe), pençelemek 111 1. (for an animal) to strike at (s.o./s.t.) with its paw/claw/talons; to paw, maul; to claw. 2. to sole (a shoe), pençelenme 1. being struck at (by an animal); being pawed, being mauled; being clawed. 2. (of a shoe) being soled, pençelenmek 1. to be struck at (by an animal); to be pawed, be mauled; to be clawed. 2. (for a shoe) to be soled, pençeleşme 1. (of animals) pawing/clawing at each other. 2. /la/ grappling with, wrestling with, struggling against, pençeleşmek 1. (for animals) to paw/claw at each other. 2. Aa/ to grapple with, wrestle with, struggle against, pençeletme 1. Ill having (a shoe) soled; /i, a/ having (s.o.) sole (a shoe). 2. Ill causing (animals) to paw/claw at each other, pençeletmek 1. Ill to have (a shoe) soled; /i, a/ to have (s.o.) sole (a shoe). 2. Ill to cause (animals) to paw/claw at each other, pençeli 1. (animal) which has a paw/a claw; taloned (bird). 2. (shoe) which has been soled. 3. colloq. powerful (person). 4. colloq. aggressive, (s.o.) who’s always ready to lash out (verbally) at others; who’s always ready for a fight.
pençgâh (.—) classical Turk. mus. a makam, pendifrank, -ki slang blow, sock, clout, punch; slap.
 peneplen geog. peneplain.
 penes gold-colored spangle.
                                                               penguen zool. penguin, Aptenodytes patagonica.
penguengiller                                      691
penguengiller zool. Spheniscidae. penguenler zool. Sphenisciformes. peni (/V) penny, penis penis.
penisilin penicillin.                  ,
peniz used in: — etmek hI slang 1. to disclose (a secret). 2. to talk, gab (about).
*pens 1. pliers. 2. pincers; nippers; tweezers. 3.
    forceps. 4. tailor, pleat (in a garment).
2pens pence (British money).
pense (/.) pliers.
pentan chem. pentane.
pentatlon sports pentathlon.
pepe (s.o.) who stutters, who has a stutter.
pepeleme stuttering.          1
pepelemek to stutter.
pepelik stutter.
pepeme (s.o.) who stutters, who has a stutter.
pepemelik stutter.
pepsin biochem. pepsin.
peptqn biochem. peptone.
perakende (.— ..) 1. retail (price/goods/selling).
    2. retail, at retail, perakendeci (.— ...) 1. retailer, retail merchant.
    2. (merchant) who sells goods at retail, perakendecilik (.— ....) retail selling; being a retailer.
perçem 1. lock of hair (hanging down over one’s forehead); bangs. 2. scalp lock. 3. forelock (of a horse), perçemli (s.o.) who has bangs, perçin rivet, clinch bolt; clinch nail. — çivisi see perçin.
perçinleme hi 1. riveting; clinching; riveting/ clinching (s.t.) together. 2. flattening, clinching (a bolt/a nail/a rivet); peening. 3. slang *screwing, Brit. *shagging. perçiinlemek hi 1. to rivet; to clinch; to rivet/ clinch (s.t.) together. 2. to flatten, clinch (a bolt/a nail/a rivet); to peen. 3. slang to *screw, Brit. *shag. perçinlenme 1. being riveted/clinched; being riveted/clinched together. 2. being flattened/ clinched/peened. 3. slang being *screwed,
    Brit, being *shagged. perçinlenmek 1. to be riveted/clinched; to be riveted/clinched together. 2. to be flattened/ clinched/peened. 3. slang to be ^screwed,
    Brit, be *shagged. perçinleşme becoming strong/ironclad/firm, perçinleşmek to become strong/ironclad/firm, perçinli riveted; clinched; peened. perdah 1. polishing, giving a sheen to. 2. sheen, polish, finish; glaze. 3. shaving one’s beard again (immediately after an initial shave). — etmek hi, — vurmak /a/ 1. to give (s.t.) a sheen, polish, burnish; to glaze; to buff. 2. to shave (one’s beard) a second time, perdahçı 1. finisher, polisher, burnisher; glazer; buffer. 2. slang fast-talker, someone who tries to fast-talk others, perdahlama h! 1. giving (s.t.) a sheen, polishing, burnishing; glazing; buffing. 2. shaving
                                                                                                 perende
   (one’s beard) a second time. 3. slang fast -talking (s.o.). 4. slang swearing at. perdahlamak hi 1. to give (s.t.) a sheen, polish, burnish; to glaze; to buff. 2. to shave (one’s beard) a second time. 3. slang to fast-talk (s.o.). 4. slang to swear at. perdahlanma being given a sheen, being polished, being burnished; being glazed; being buffed.
perdahlanmak to be given a sheen, be polished, be burnished; to be glazed; to be buffed, perdahlı polished, burnished; glazed; buffed, perdahsız unpolished, unbumished; unglazed;
   , unbuffed.
                                                              perde 1. curtain, drape, drapery. 2. movie screen, screen. 3. theat. (an) act (of a play).
   4. mus. pitch. 5. mus. fret (of a stringed instrument). 6. zool. web, webbing (between the toes of some birds). 7. colloq. cataract (in the eye), —lerini açmak (for a theater) to begin a new season, —ye aktarmak hi to make (a novel/a story/a play) into a motion picture. — arası intermission (during a theatrical performance). — arkası colloq. the hidden side of a matter. — arkasında/arkasından colloq. secretly, surreptitiously, behind the scenes, backstage. — ayaklı zool. web -footed (bird). — çekmek /a/ to curtain off (s.t. unsightly), hide (s.t.) from view with a curtain. — inmek /a/ colloq. for a cataract to develop in (one’s eye). — perde colloq. by degrees, gradually, —si sıyrık colloq., see perdesi yırtık. — ve sahne movie and theater. —si yırtık colloq. shameless, brazen (person).
                                                              perdeayaklilar (./....) zool. Palmipedes. perdeci 1. maker/seller of curtains. 2. person who opens and closes the curtains of a stage, perdeleme III 1. curtaining, furnishing/adorning (s.t.) with a curtain or curtains. 2. concealing, veiling.
                                                             perdelemek lıl 1. to curtain, furnish/adorn (s.t.)
                                                              with a curtain or curtains. 2. to conceal, veil, perdelenme 1. being curtained, being furnished/ adorned with a curtain or curtains. 2. being concealed, being veiled, perdelenmek 1. to be curtained, be furnished/ adorned with a curtain or curtains. 2. to be concealed, be veiled, perdeli 1. curtained. 2. zool. webbed (foot of a bird). 3. mus. fretted (stringed instrument).
   4.    colloq. (eye) affected with cataract, perdelik (cloth) suitable for making curtains, which can be used as curtaining, perdesiz 1. uncurtained. 2. colloq. shameless; brazen.
perdesizlik 1. lack of curtains. 2. colloq. shamelessness; brazenness, pere retaining wall, pitching, perende (./.) somersault turned in midair, flip.
   —  atamamak colloq. 1. /la or yanında/ not to be able to compete with (s.o.); not to be able to outshine (s.o.). 2. not to be able to
perese                                               692
   trick/fool (s.o.). — atmak to turn a somersault.
perese 1. line, cord (which helps a mason build a wall with a level top). 2. colloq. state, condition. —ye almak hi colloq. to think (s.t.) over; to take (s.t.) into consideration, —sine düşmek colloq. to happen at just the right time, —sine getirmek hi colloq. to find just the right moment to do (s.t.). perestiş worship; adoration. — etmek /a/ to worship; to adore, performans performance, action/way of doing something.
pergel pair of compasses, —leri açmak colloq.
    to take long steps (while walking), pergelleme hi 1. measuring (s.t.) with a pair of compasses. 2. pacing (a distance) off, measuring (a distance) by pacing it off. 3. colloq. thinking (s.t.) through very carefully, considering all the angles of (a matter), pergellemek III 1. to measure (s.t.) with a pair of compasses. 2. to pace (a distance) off, measure (a distance) by pacing it off. 3. colloq. to think (s.t.) through very carefully, consider all the angles of (a matter), perhiz 1. dieting, abstaining from eating certain foods. 2. fasting (done by Christians/Jews for a religious purpose). —i bozmak to violate one’s diet/fast. — etmek/yapmak 1. to diet.
    2. (for a Christian/a Jew) to fast, perhizli 1. (s.o.) who is on a diet. 2. (Chris-
*   tian/Jew) who is fasting, peri fairy (usually envisaged as a beautiful maiden); pixie, sprite; nymph, —leri bağdaşmak colloq. to reach an agreement. — gibi colloq. very beautiful; fairy like, —si hoşlanmamak /dan/ colloq. to dislike; not to be attracted to. — masalı fairy tale, fairy story, peribacasi, -m (./...) 1. fairy chimney (a cone -shaped pillar of tuff capped with basalt, found in Cappadocia). 2. geol. earth pillar, earth pyramid, demoiselle, pericik 1. little fairy. 2. bolt (of a lock). 3.
    colloq. epilepsy. 4. colloq. hysteria, perido (./.) geol., see peridot, peridot, -tu geol. peridot, peridote. peridotit, -ti geol. peridotite, perihastalığı, -nı (./....) colloq. 1. epilepsy. 2.
    hysteria, perikard anat. pericardium, perikardit, -ti path, pericarditis, perili haunted (place); (s.o.) who is haunted by an evil spirit. — köşk haunted house, perimasasi, -ni (./...) a large flat rock resting on a small rock (so as to resemble a table), peripatetizm phil. Peripateticism. peripiramidi, -ni (./....) geol. earth pyramid, earth pillar, demoiselle, periskop, -pu periscope, perişan (.—.) 1. very upset, perturbed, distraught, wretched, miserable. 2. scattered; in disarray. 3. untidy; disheveled; unkempt. — etmek hi 1. to make (s.o.) distraught, make
                                                                                            pervanebahğı
   (s.o.) wretched. 2. to scatter; to rout. — olmak 1. to become wretched/miserable. 2. to be scattered; to be routed, perişanlık (.—..) 1. wretchedness, distraught. 2. disarray. 3. untidiness; dishevelment; unkemptness.
periton anat. peritoneum. — kovuğu anat. peritoneal cavity, peritonit, -ti path, peritonitis, periyodik 1. periodic, recurrent. 2. periodical, published periodically. 3. (a) periodical, perkal, -li percale (a cotton fabric), perkende naut. a brigantine (propelled by oars and sails).
perki zool. European perch, Perea fluviatilis. perkitme hi see pekitme, perkitmek hi see pekitmek, perlon (/.) Perlon.
perma (/.) permanent wave, permanent, permanant, -ti see perma, permanganat, -ti chem. 1. potassium permanganate, permanganate. 2. permanganate, permeçe (./.) naut. small hawser, permi 1. com. export permit; import permit. 2.
   railroad pass, permiyen geol. 1. the Permian period or system of rocks, the Permian. 2. Permian, of the Permian, permütasyon math, permutation, pero (/.) pear-shaped precious stone (usually a diamond), peroksit chem. peroxide, peron 1. platform (in/at a railway station). 2.
   stoop (at a door); perron, peronospora (.../.) bot. Peronospora. persenk, -gi colloq. any word which a person frequently and haphazardly injects into his/ her speech, personel personnel, perspektif drawing, math, perspective, perşembe Thursday, —nin gelişi çarşambadan belli olur, proverb If you take a look at the way things are going today, you can get a pretty good idea of how they’ll be tomorrow, pertavsız magnifying glass.
Peru (/.) 1. Peru. 2. Peruvian, of Peru, peruk 1. wig (for the head). 2. hist, peruke, periwig. 3. toupee, peruka (./.) see peruk, peruklu (s.o.) who is wearing a wig, wigged, bewigged.
Perulu (.'..) 1. (a) Peruvian. 2. Peruvian (person).
                                                               perva (.—) 1. fear. 2. hesitation, reluctance. 3.
   heed, attention; concern, pervane (.—.) 1. propeller (of an airplane). 2. fan blower, fanner (of a fan). 3. screw (of a ship). 4. moth (that is attracted to a light at night). — gibi colloq. always on hand and ready to be of help. — olmak /a/ colloq. to be (s.o.’s) shadow, follow (s.o.) everywhere, pervanebalığı, -ni (.—.'...) zool. ocean sunfish, Mola mola.
pervasız                                           693
pervasız 1. fearless, unafraid, undauntable.
   2.  unconcerned (about what others may think).
pervasızlık (.—..) 1. fearlessness. 2. unconcernedness, unconcern (about what others may think).
*pervaz 1. architrave, molding, casing (around a door/a window). 2. border, edging (attached to the edge of a skirt/a sleeve).
2pervaz obs. flying, flight. — etmek to fly.
*pes 1. colloq. This is the limit!/This is the last straw! 2. Uncle! (said when one accepts defeat). — demek /a/ 1. to say “Uncle!” to (s.o.); to give in to (s.o.); to yield to (s.o.).
   2.  colloq. to regard (s.t.) as being beyond the limit; to regard (s.o.) as having gone too far. — etmek to yield, give in, submit.
2pes 1. soft, low (in pitch and volume). 2. (speaking) softly. — perdeden konuşmak
    1.    to speak softly. 2. to explain something in a gentle way, express something tactfully, pesek tartar (on teeth), peseta (./.) peseta (monetary unit of Spain), pesimist, -ti 1. (a) pessimist. 2. pessimistic, pes-simistical. pesimizm pessimism, peso (.'.) peso (a monetary unit), pespaye (.— .) vulgar, common (person), pespayelik (.— ..) vulgarity, commonness, pespembe (/..) rose-pink, pest, -ti see 2pes.
pestenkerani (...-------) colloq. 1. worthless, fit
   for the junkyard; fifth-rate, low-grade. 2. meaningless, idiotic (words), pestil thin sheet of sun-dried fruit pulp, —ini çıkarmak Iml colloq. 1. to beat (s.o.) to a pulp, beat the tar out of (s.o.). 2. to tire (s.o.) out completely, wear (s.o.) to a frazzle. 3. to crush (s.t.) to a pulp. —i çıkmak colloq. to be dog-tired, be worn to a frazzle. — gibi olmak colloq. to be too tired to move, be worn to a frazzle, pestilleşme colloq. becoming dog-tired, being pooped.
pestilleşmek colloq. to become dog-tired, be pooped.
pesiis oil lamp (made of clay and resembling a Betty lamp).
’peş space behind, the back, the rear, —inde Iml following, pursuing (s.o./s.t.). —ini bırakmamak Iml colloq. 1. not to leave (s.o.) alone; to bother (s.o.) continually. 2. to follow (s.o.) around continually. 3. to persist in doing (s.t.), not to give (s.t.) up. —inde dolaşmak Iml colloq. to follow (s.o.) around (in the hope of obtaining s.t. from him/her), —ine düşmek /in/ colloq. 1. to follow (s.o.) around. 2. to follow (s.o.) around (in the hope of obtaining s.t. from him/her). 3. to try to obtain (s.t.); to try to get (s.t.) done, —inde gezmek Iml colloq., see peşinde dolaşmak, —inde gitmek Iml to follow (s.o.). —inden gitmek Iml 1. to follow (s.o.). 2. colloq. to
                                                                                                      petalinis
   follow in (s.o.’s) footsteps, follow the example set by (s.o.). —inden koşmak Iml colloq.
   1.  to follow (s.o.) around (in the hope of obtaining s.t. from him/her). 2. to try to obtain (s.t.); to try to get (s.t.) done. — peşe one right after the other, one after another; one beside the other. — i sıra right behind (s.o.). —ine takılmak Iml colloq. to follow along after (s.o.), follow (s.o.) around, —ine takmak III colloq. to bring (s.o.) along with one; to cause (s.o.) to follow one.
                                                                 2peş tailor, piece of material sewn on to a woman’s garment to make it larger, peşin beforehand, in advance; before, earlier; in the first place. — cevap answer which anticipates a question. — hüküm prejudice.
   —      para 1. cash, cash on the nail, cash on the barrelhead; money paid down, down payment. 2. money paid in advance, (an) advance payment. — pazarlık arriving at an agreement concerning a project before said project has actually begun, peşinat, -ti (.—.) 1. cash, cash on the barrelhead, cash on the nail; money paid down, down payment. 2. money paid in advance, (an) advance payment, peşinci 1. (s.o.) who sells goods for cash on the barrelhead. 2. (s.o.) who pays in cash, cash (customer), peşinen (.— '.) in advance, beforehand; earlier, before; in the first place, peşkeş used in: — çekmek /ı, a/ to make (s.o.) a present of (s.t. that does not belong to one, s.t. over which one has no right of disposal) (in order to ingratiate o.s. with that person), peşkir 1. towel; hand towel. 2. (cotton/linen) table napkin (often embroidered). 3.formerly embroidered cloth on which a meal was spread (Its edges were spread over the knees of those who were eating.), peşmelba peche Melba, peşrev 1. classical Turk. mus. an overture played at the beginning of a song. 2. the entry of wrestlers (yağlı güreşçiler) on to the wrestling field (during which the wrestlers make certain stylized gestures). 3. mil. a kind of shrapnel. 4. an arrow the head of which is made of bone, peştamal see peştemal. peştemal 1. cloth wrapped about the waist while in a hamam, waist cloth. 2. prov. cloth used as an apron/a headcloth (by women). — kuşanmak to finish one’s apprenticeship, become a master workman, peştemalcı maker/seller of waist cloths, peştemallık formerly, com. money paid for the goodwill of a business, goodwill.
Peştuca (./.) 1. Pashto, Pashtu, Pushtu, Pushto, the Pashto language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Pashto, Pashto. 3. Pashto (speech/writing); spoken in Pashto; written in Pashto, petalinis (../.) zool. European limpet, Patella vulgatci.
 petek                                           694
petek 1. honeycomb. 2. disk-shaped piece of (cheese opium). 3. the part of a minaret that lies between the şerefe and the külah. 4. prov. granary made of mud. — balı comb honey, honey in the comb. — gözü cell in a honeycomb, petekgöz (./.) zool. compound eye (of an insect).
petrografi petrography, petrokimya (...—) petrochemistry, petrol, -lü petroleum, crude oil. — hattı oil pipeline. — kuyusu oil well. — şirketi oil company, petroleum company, petrolcü oilman; someone in the oil business;
   someone who delivers oil. petunya (./.) bot. petunia, Petunia. pey earnest money, deposit. — akçesi earnest money, deposit. — sürmek to make a bid (at an auction). —i tutulmaz colloq. unreliable, untrustworthy, peyda (.—) 1. manifest, visible. 2. extant. — etmek /ı/ 1. to produce. 2. to beget or give birth to. 3. to acquire. — olmak 1. to appear; to manifest itself; to crop up, spring up. 2. to be sired or bom. 3. to be produced, peydahlama hi 1. picking up, acquiring. 2. siring or giving birth to (an illegitimate child). 3. producing, peydahlamak hi 1. to pick up, acquire. 2. to sire or give birth to (an illegitimate child).
   3.    to produce, peydahlanma 1. appearing; manifesting itself; cropping up, springing up. 2. being sired or born. 3. being produced, peydahlanmak 1. to appear; to manifest itself; to crop up, spring up. 2. to be sired or born.
   3.    to be produced, peyderpey (/..) 1. step by step, bit by bit, gradually. 2. one after the other, in succession. Peygamber the Prophet Muhammad, peygamber prophet. — olmak slang to get as drunk as a lord. — öküzü slang blockhead, idiot. — reçinesi/zamkı guaiacum, guaiac resin.
peygamber ağacı, -nı (../...) bot. 1. lignum vitae, guaiacum, Guaiacum officinale. 2. bastard lignum vitae, guaiacum, Guaiacum sanctum.
peygamber çiçeği, -ni (../...) bot. cornflower, bluebottle, Centaurea cyanus. peygamberdevesi, -ni (../...) zool. praying mantis, Mantis religiosa. peygamberdikeni, -ni (../...) bot. blessed thistle, Cnicus benedictus. peygamberlik prophethood; being a prophet, peyk, -ki 1. astr. satellite. 2. follower, adherent, henchman. 3. satellite (state), peyke (backless, wooden) bench (set against a wall in a house/a kahve). — kurusu slang bum who regularly spends the night on a bench in a kahve, peyklik being a satellite, peyleme hi 1. having (s.t. one wishes to buy)
                                                                                        pıhtılaştırma
   set aside for o.s. by paying a deposit on it; engaging/booking/reserving (s.t.) by paying a deposit. 2. having an eye on (s.t/s.o.), looking at (s.t./s.o.) with a covetous eye. peylemek hi 1. to have (s.t. one wishes to buy) set aside for o.s. by paying a deposit on it; to engage/book/reserve (s.t.) by paying a deposit. 2. to have an eye on (s.t/s.o.), look at (s.t./s.o.) with a covetous eye. peylenme /a/ being set aside for; being engaged/booked/reserved for. peylenmek /a/ to be set aside for; to be engaged/booked/reserved for. peyleşme sealing a bargain between each other by having one person pay the other earnest money.
peyleşmek to seal a bargain between each other by having one person pay the other earnest money.
peynir cheese. — dişli colloq. practically toothless. — ekmek, hazır yemek, proverb One can always make a meal of bread and cheese alone. — tekerleği wheel of cheese (flat, round cake of cheese), peynirağacı, -m (./...) bot. bombax, silk-cotton tree, Bombax. peynirci maker/seller of cheese, peynircilik being a maker/a seller of cheese, peynirdişi, -ni (./..) colloq. one of the last remaining teeth of an old person, peynirhane (..—.) cheesery. peynirleşme 1. curdling (of milk). 2. becoming cheesy, acquiring a cheese-like consistency, peynirleşmek 1. (for milk) to curdle. 2. to become cheesy, acquire a cheese-like consistency.
peynirli (a food) which contains cheese; topped with melted cheese. — sandviç cheese sandwich. — tost toasted cheese sandwich, peynirmayasi, -m (./...) rennet, peynirşekeri, -ni (./...) a soft white candy flav ored with bergamot, peyzaj fine art landscape, (a) landscape picture, pezeta (./.) see peseta.
pezevenk, -gi vulg. 1. pimp, procurer, fancy man. 2. bastard, son of a bitch, scoundrel, pezevenklik vulg. 1. pimping, procuring; being a pimp. 2. dirty trick, low-down action. — etmek /a/ 1. to pimp, procure (for). 2. to play a dirty trick on (s.o.). pezo 1. see peso. 2. slang pimp, fancy man. pıhtı clot, coagulum, coagulate: kan pıhtısı blood clot, pıhtıçözer anticoagulant, pıhtıgöze (./..) biol. thrombocyte, pıhtılanma see pıhtılaşma, pıhtılanmak see pıhtılaşmak, pıhtılaşma clotting, coagulation. — süresi clotting time, pıhtılaşmak to clot, coagulate, pıhtılaştırıcı coagulant, coagulator. pıhtılaştırma hi clotting, coagulating, causing (s.t.) to clot.
 pıhtılaştırmak                                    695
pıhtılaştırmak hf to clot, coagulate, cause (s.t.) to clot.
pılı pırtı (./ ..) 1. colloq. worn-out things, junk.
   2. (one’s) belongings (said jokingly or with contempt).
pmar spring (a natural fountain); place where water issues from the ground; the water issuing from the ground, pmarbaşı, -m (./..) springhead, (natural) foun-tainhead.
pır 1. whirring, whir (as of a bird’s wings): Pır diye uçtu. It flew away with a whir of wings./It whirred away. 2. colloq. Get going!/ Make tracks! 3. colloq. He/She made tracks.
   4.     colloq. We’ll take to our heels ./We’11 head for the hills. — etmek colloq. to run away quickly, make tracks, take to one’s heels, pırasa (./.) bot. leek, Allium porrum. — bıyıklı colloq. (s.o.) who has a long, thick, blond mustache, piratika (../.) naut., see pratika. pirazvana tang (of a knife/a sword), pırıldak dark lantern, signal lantern, pırıldakçı person who signals with a dark lantern.
pırıldama shining; gleaming; glittering, pırıldamak to shine; to gleam; to glitter, pırıl pırıl (./ ..) 1. brightly shining; gleaming, glittering, glistening; sparkling. 2. spick-and -span, spotlessly clean and shining; smooth, clean, and shining. 3. gleamingly; glittering-ly; glisteningly; sparklingly. pırıltı gleam; glitter; glisten; sparkle, pırlak prov. live bird used as a decoy to lure falcons.
pırlama 1. prov. (of birds) flying away with a whir of wings (upon being flushed). 2. slang running away quickly, making tracks, taking to one’s heels, pırlamak 1. prov. (for birds) to fly away with a whir of wings (upon being flushed). 2. slang to run away quickly, make tracks, take to one’s heels, pırlangıç prov. top which makes a noise as it spins (a child’s toy), pırlanma prov. (of a fledgling bird) fluttering its wings with a whir (while trying to fly), pırlanmak prov. (for a fledgling bird) to flutter its wingS with a whir (while trying to fly), pırlanta (./.) 1. brilliant (a diamond). 2. piece of jewelry set with brilliants. 3. set with brilliants: pırlanta broş a brooch set with brilliants. — gibi colloq. first-rate, top-notch, pirna (/.) slang raki.
pırnal bot. holly oak, holm oak, Quercus ilex.
   —      kömürü charcoal made from holm oak. pırnallık (a) holm oak scrub, thicket of holm oak.
pirnar bot., see pırnal, pırnarlık see pırnallık.
pırpı a stone regarded as a cure for snakebite, pırpır prov. (a) put-put (a small, three-wheeled motor vehicle); Brit, tri-car.
                                                                                                             piçuta
pır pır (/ .) with a whir. — etmek 1. to whir.
   2.     to flicker, pırpırı slang spendthrift, profligate; womanizer, skirt-chaser.
pırpıt, -ti prov. 1. coarse, homemade, woolen cloth. 2. worn-out, useless, ready for the scrap heap. 3. wrestler’s (yağlı güreşçi) trousers made of coarse cloth, pırtı colloq. 1. worn-out things, junk. 2. (one’s) belongings.
pırtık used in: yırtık pırtık colloq., see yırtık, pırtlak 1. popeyed, bug-eyed. 2. (a fruit) which easily slips out of its skin/hull, pırtlama (of a fruit) slipping out of its skin/ hull easily.
pırtlamak (for a fruit) to slip out of its skin/ hull easily, pısırık fainthearted, lacking in boldness, pısırıklık faintheartedness, lack of boldness, pışpışlama hi rocking (a baby) to sleep in one’s arms.
pışpışlamak III to rock (a baby) to sleep in one’s arms.
pit, -ti Drip! (the sound made by falling drops).
   —   yok. colloq. There is not a sound to be heard.
pıtı pıtı (./ ..) used in: — yürümek colloq. to walk with light, quick steps, pıtırdama pattering, making a pattering sound, pıtırdamak to patter, make a pattering sound, pıtırdatma hi making (s.t.) patter, pattering, pıtırdatmak III to make (s.t.) patter, patter, pıtır pıtır (./ ..) colloq. with a patter, pitter -patter, pit-a-pat. — yürümek to walk with light, quick steps, pıtırtı patter, pattering sound, pit pit (/ .) colloq. with a patter. — atmak colloq. (for one’s heart) to pound slightly.
   —   yürümek colloq. to walk with light, quick steps.
pıtrak 1. bur (of a burdock). 2. cocklebur (bur of a cocklebur). 3. bot. burdock, Arctium. 4. bot. cocklebur, Xanthium. — gibi colloq. (tree/plant/branch) which is loaded with fruit/ flowers, which has great wads of fruit/flowers on it.
piç, -çi 1. bastard (illegitimate child). 2. colloq. brat, bratty child. 3. colloq. bastard/debased/ inferior version (of s.t.). 4. bot. sucker, basal shoot (of a plant). — etmek hi colloq. to ruin (s.t. that’s going well), ball (s.t.) up, Brit. make a balls-up of (s.t.). — kurusu vulg. brat, bratty child (sometimes used affectionately). — olmak colloq. 1. to be spoiled, be balled up. 2. to be done for nothing, be wasted. 3. (for food) to spoil or lose its flavor, piçleşme colloq. being ruined, turning into a ballup.
piçleşmek colloq. to be ruined, turn into a ball-. u.p-
piçlik 1. bastardy, illegitimacy. 2. colloq. bratty behavior, brattiness. piçuta (./.) a large bonito.
pide
pide (/.) pita, a slightly leavened, flat pizza -like bread. — gibi colloq. very flat, pideci (/..) baker/seller of pita, pigment, -ti biol. pigment, pijama (./.) pajamas.
*pik, -ki 1. pig iron; cast iron. 2. cast (iron). — demir pig iron; cast iron.
2pik, -ki naut. gaff topsail.
3pik, -ki playing cards (a) spade, pikaj print, stripping, pikajci print, stripper, pikajcilik print, stripping.
*pikap record player, phonograph, Brit, gramophone; turntable (one unit of a stereo music system).
2pikap pickup truck, pickup.
*pike 1. pique (a fabric). 2. bedspread made of pique.
2pike dive (of an airplane). — yapmak 1. (for an airplane) to dive, make a dive/2, billiards to make a masse shot, piket, -ti piquet (a card game), piknik picnic. — yapmak to picnic, have a picnic.
piko (/.) picot, ornamental stitching along the seam of a sheet/a tablecloth/a napkin. — ya vermek III to have (s.t.) picoted. — yapmak hi to picot.
                                                                     pikrik chem. picric. — asit chem. picric acid, pil 1. battery, dry cell, dry battery. 2. med. pace-maker, pacer. — i bitmek slang 1. to be exhausted, give out. 2. to be past one’s prime, be past it.
pilaki 1. stew of dried beans or fish with olive oil and onions, eaten cold. 2. slang simpleton, idiot. — yapmak h! slang to make a real mess of (s.t.), ball (s.t.) up but good, pilatika (../.) see platika. pilav rice (that has been cooked and is ready to be eaten), pilaf. —dan dönenin kaşığı kırılsın. proverb 1. We’re going to see this thing through, come hell or high water. 2. A person who spurns the opportunities that come his/ her way is someone who doesn’t deserve to be helped in any way. 3. If someone refuses to use something he/she possesses, he/she might as well not possess it. — yiyen kaşığını yanmda/belinde taşır, proverb (One who wants to eat rice should carry a spoon around with him/her.) A person who hopes to obtain something should first make sure he/she possesses the means to obtain it. pilavlık suitable for making pilaf. pili tailor., see pli.
piliç 1. young chicken; pullet; broiler; fryer. 2. slang young and pretty girl, chick. — çevirme roast chicken, chicken roasted on a spit, pilili tailor., see plili, pilise tailor., see plise.
pilli 1. furnished with a battery or batteries. 2.
    battery-operated, battery-powered. pilor anat. pylorus.
pilot, ^tü 1, airplane pilot, pilot. 2. naut. (aj
696                                       pirelendirme
         pilot. 3. pilot (area/project). — olmak slang to get drunk, get soused, pilotaj pilotage, piloting, pilotluk being a pilot; piloting, pilotage, pilpaye (-----.) arch, pier (massive, free-stand-
         ing pillar inside a mosque/a church), pim mech. pin; gudgeon; pintle, pivot pin; cotter; linchpin, pimpirik colloq. old and decrepit, old and doddering (person), pinekleme sitting/lying idly and drowsily; sitting sunk in lethargy, sitting around in a half-somnolent state, pineklemek to sit/lie idly and drowsily; to sit sunk in lethargy, sit around in a half-somnolent state, pinel vane, weather vane (placed on top of a ship’s mast), pines (/.) zool. pinna, Pinna nobilis. pingpong, -gu ping-pong, table tennis, pinpirik colloq., see pimpirik, pinpon slang old, superannuated, gone to seed (person).
      pinti 1. very stingy, very closefisted, very tight.
         2. tightwad.
      pintileşme becoming very tightfisted, getting very stingy.
      pintileşmek to become very tightfisted, get very stingy, pintilik stinginess, tightness, pipet, -ti pipette, pipi child's language penis, pipo (/.) (tobacco) pipe. — tütünü pipe tobacco.
      pir (—) 1. master, spiritual guide; leader of a group of dervishes, founder of a dervish order. 2. master; someone who has great knowledge and experience (in a certain field).
         3. colloq. thoroughly, completely: Dövdü ama pir dövdü. He gave him one heck of a beating! — aşkına colloq. just for love, without asking/expecting anything in return. — ol! joc. May you live long! — yoluna colloq., see pir aşkına. — yoluna gitmek colloq. to perish in vain; to be destroyed for nothing, be wasted completely.
      piramidal, -li geom. pyramidal, piramit geom. 1. pyramid. 2. pyramidal. Piramitler the Pyramids (in Egypt), pire zool. flea, Pulex irritans. — yi deve yapmak colloq. 1. to make a mountain out of a molehill. 2. to exaggerate grossly. — gibi colloq. very active, (s.o.) who can’t sit still.
         —yi gözünden vurmak colloq. to be a sharpshooter, be a crack shot. — için yorgan yakmak (—ye kızıp yorgan yakmak) colloq. to cut off one’s nose to spite one’s face.
         —yi nallamaya kalkışmak colloq. to try to do something which is both useless and impossible.
      pirekapan bot. feverfew, pyrethrum, Chrysanthemum parthenium. pirelendirme hi colloq. arousing (s.o.’s) sus-
 pirelendirmek                                    697
   picions, causing (s.o.) to smell a rat. pirelendirmek hi colloq. to arouse (s.o.’s) suspicions, cause (s.o.) to smell a rat. pirelenme 1. becoming infested with fleas, becoming flea-ridden. 2. hunting for fleas on
   o.s. 3. colloq. getting suspicious, smelling a rat.
pirelenmek 1. to become infested with fleas, become flea-ridden. 2. to hunt for fleas on
   o.s. 3. colloq. to get suspicious, smell a rat. pireler zool. Siphonaptera/Aphaniptera. pireli 1. infested with fleas, flea-ridden, flea -bitten. 2. colloq. suspicious, pireotu, -nu (./..) bot. 1. feverfew, pyrethrum, Chrysanthemum parthenium. 2. fleabane, Pulicaria dysenterica. pirina (./.) bagasse left after olives have been crushed.
pirinç 1. rice (in the form of uncooked grains).
   2.   bot. the rice plant, Oryza sativa. — kâğıdı rice paper. — örgüsü knitting that has been done using a moss stitch, —i su kaldırmamak/götürmemek /in/ colloq. 1. to be unable to take a joke. 2. not to be in a position to sacrifice something.
2pirinç 1. brass (the alloy). 2. made of brass, brass.
pirit, -ti 1. pyrite, iron pyrites, fool’s gold. 2. pyrites.
pirogravür pyrogravure, pyrography. piroksen geol. pyroxene, pirometre (...'.) pyrometer, pirometri pyrometry. pirosfer geol. pyrosphere. pirpiri slang, see pırpırı, piruhi piroshki, pirogen, pirogi (a ravioli-like dish served with yogurt), pirüpak, -ki (—'.—) spotlessly clean, immaculate.
piryol an old-time pocket watch. — saati see piryol.
pirzola (/..) butchery cutlet; chop. — yemek slang to laugh, pirzolalık (/...) butchery suitable for cutting into chops.
pis 1. dirty, filthy, unclean, foul; contaminated.
   2.   colloq. abominable, foul, nasty, disgusting, vile, beastly. 3. colloq. foul, obscene; profane. 4. colloq. snide, nasty; cheap, low -down. 5. colloq. obscenely; profanely. — ağızlı colloq. foul-mouthed. — pis bakmak /a/ colloq. to look at (s.o.) in an irritating/ exasperating/aggravating way. — pis düşünmek colloq. to brood unhappily. — pis gülmek colloq. to grin/chuckle/laugh unpleasantly (as if one is rejoicing in another’s misfortune). —i pisine colloq. in vain, uselessly, for nothing, pisbiyik colloq. scraggly mustache, pisboğaz colloq. (s.o.) who greedily devours absolutely anything that’s edible, gluttonous, pisi child’s language pussycat, pussy, kitty. — pisi Here kitty, kitty, kitty! (said when calling
                                                                                                    Pişekâr
    a cat).
pisibalığı, -m (./...) zool. plaice, Pleuronectes platessa. pisik prov. cat. pisin swimming pool.
pisipisi 1. child’s language pussycat, pussy, kitty. 2. Here kitty, kitty, kitty! (said when calling a cat). 3. colloq. ballet slipper, ballet shoe (not reinforced in the toe), pisipisiotu, -nu (.../..) bot. wild barley, Horde um murinum. piskopos bishop (in a Christian church), piskoposhane (...— .) bishop’s residence, bishopric.
 piskoposluk 1. being a bishop, episcopacy. 2. episcopate; office of bishop. 3. diocese, see, province, bishopric. 4. bishop’s residence, bishopric.
 pisleme 1. /a/ fouling/defecating/urinating in/on (an inappropriate place). 2. /i/ dirtying, soiling.
pislemek 1. /a/ to foul/defecate/urinate in/on (an inappropriate place). 2. Ill to dirty, soil, pislenme getting dirty, pislenmek to get dirty.
 pisletme hi 1. dirtying, soiling. 2. spoiling, fouling (s.t.) up, making a mess of, Brit, making a balls-up of. pisletmek III 1. to dirty, soil. 2. to spoil, foul (s.t.) up, make a mess of, Brit, make a balls -up of.
 pislik 1. dirt, filth. 2. dirtiness, filthiness. 3. colloq. (an) obscenity; (a) profanity. 4. excrement, feces. 5. colloq. beastliness, nastiness, vileness. 6. colloq. vile/nasty/low-down action. — götürmek III colloq. (for a place) to be very dirty: Evi pislik götürüyor. The house is as dirty as a pigsty. — parmağm-dan/parmaklarmdan/paçasmdan/paçala-rından akmak colloq. (for s.o.) to be very dirty, be covered with dirt, pislikarki, -m (./..) sewer system, pissu (/.) sewage, water containing waste matter.
pist, -ti Scat! (said to drive away a cat). pist, -ti 1. sports running track; cinder track; piste, ski trail/course. 2. (airplane) runway.
    3. dance floor. 4. rink, skating rink. 5. ring; circus ring.
piston 1. piston. 2. slang backing, pull. 3. slang influential backer, friend at court. — kırmak slang (for a taxi driver) to use the cab he drives for his own benefit (without getting the cab company’s permission). — kolu auto. connecting rod. — segmam auto, piston ring, pistonlu 1. (s.t.) which has a piston. 2. slang (s.o.) who has pull, who has a friend at court, pisuar urinal (a bathroom fixture), pişdar mil. 1. vanguard, advance guard. 2. van-guardist, member of an advance guard, pişeğen prov. (a food) which cooks quickly, pişek pxpv., see pişeğen.
Pişekâr (—.—■) a character in the ortaoyunu.
          pişik
          pişik rash that breaks out in the external hollows and fissures of the body; prickly heat, heat rash; diaper rash, pişim 1. cooking (of s.t.); way of cooking. 2. (a) firing (of ceramics/bricks/pottery). 3. enough (of s.t.) to make (so many) meals. 4. enough (of s.t.) to make (so many) batches, pişirici 1. someone who cooks something (usually not food), cooker. 2. someone who fires ceramics, pişirilme being cooked, pişirilmek to be cooked, pişirim see pişim.
          pişirimlik 1. enough (of s.t.) to make (so many) meals. 2. enough (of s.t.) to make (so many) batches.
          pişirme III 1. cooking. 2. firing (ceramics/bricks/ pottery); heat-treating (metal). 3. colloq. maturing, ripening. 4. colloq. learning (s.t.) well.
              5.     irritating (the skin), pişirmek /i/ 1. to cook. 2. to fire (ceramics/ bricks/pottery); to heat-treat (metal). 3. colloq. to mature, ripen. 4. colloq. to learn (s.t.) well. 5. to irritate (the skin), pişirip kotarmak hi colloq. to finish up, complete (a job), pişirtme /i, a/ having (s.o.) cook (s.t.). pişirtmek /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) cook (s.t.). pişkin 1. well-cooked, well-done. 2. (a food) which cooks quickly. 3. colloq. brazen, indifferent to criticism. 4. colloq. experienced, (s.o.) who’s been around; /a/ accustomed to, used to. 5. colloq. very ripe; overripe (fruit/ vegetable).
          pişkinlik colloq. 1. indifference to criticism, being hard-bitten. 2. being experienced. — e vurmak colloq. to ignore an unkind remark/ action.
          pişman regretful, sorry; remorseful; penitent.
              —  etmek /ı, a/ to make (s.o.) regret (s.t.); to make (s.o.) feel remorse for (s.t.). — olmak /a or dan/ to regret (s.t., having done s.t.); to feel remorse for (s.t., having done s.t.).
          pişmaniye (.— ..) a dessert which has a texture resembling that of cotton candy, —ye çevirmek h! slang (for a woman) to drive (a man) wild with joy, turn (a man) into a quivering I            mass of jelly.
j / pişmaniyeci (.— ...) maker/seller of pişmaniye.
          pişmanlık regret; remorse; penitence. — duymak to feel regret, be regretful; to feel remorse, be remorseful, pişme 1. being cooked. 2. (of ceramics/bricks/
l,:          pottery) being fired; (of metal) being heat
              -treated. 3. colloq. maturing, maturation, ripening. 4. colloq. acquiring experience; becoming experienced. 5. (of a part of one’s body) becoming covered with a rash. 6. colloq. (of a job) being ready to be undertaken (after a lot of preparatory planning and discussion).
          pişmek 1. to be cooked. 2. (for ceramics/bricks/ pottery) to be fired; (for metal) to be heat
698                                                piyaz
         -treated. 3. colloq. to mature, ripen. 4. colloq. to acquire experience; to become experienced. 5. (for a part of one’s body) to become covered with a rash. 6. colloq. (for a job) to be ready to be undertaken (after a lot of preparatory planning and discussion), pişmiş armut gibi eline düşmek /m/ colloq. (for s.t. good) to come one’s way without one’s lifting a finger, fall into one’s lap. pişmiş aşa (soğuk) su katmak colloq. to spoil something that’s just been completed or is on the verge of being completed, pişmiş kelle gibi sırıtmak colloq. to grin inanely, pişpirik a card game, pişti a card game, piştov obs. (a type of) pistol, piton zool. python, Python. pitoresk, -ki picturesque, pitsikato (../.) mus. pizzicato, piyade (.— .) 1. mil. infantry. 2. infantryman, foot soldier. 3. chess pawn. 4. light rowboat (propelled by one pair of oars), piyan path, yaws, frambesia, pian. piyanço (./.) slang louse (the insect), piyango (./.) lottery; raffle. — bileti lottery ticket; raffle ticket. — çekmek to draw a lottery ticket. — vurmak /a/ 1. for one’s number/ticket to be drawn in a lottery: Bana piyango vurdu. My number came up in the lottery. 2. slang to find (o.s.) standing next to a pretty woman, piyangocu (./..) lottery ticket seller, piyanist, -ti pianist.
      piyano (./.) 1. piano, pianoforte. 2. mus. piano, softly, quietly. — çalmak to play the piano.
      piyasa (./.) 1. market (trade in or demand for a specified thing). 2. the market, buying and selling, trading. 3. the market price. 4. colloq. strolling, promenading. 5. colloq. public, public places: Birkaç gün piyasada görünme! Stay out of sight for a few days! Pekcan piyasadan kayboldu. Pekcan’s gone underground./Pekcan’s disappeared. — ya çıkmak
         1. (for s.t.) to come on the market. 2. colloq. to go out for a promenade, go out for a stroll. —ya düşmek colloq. 1. (for s.t.) to be plentiful, be available everywhere, be on the market in large quantities. 2. (for a woman) to start to lead a (sexually) promiscuous life. — etmek colloq. to promenade, stroll about.
      piyastos slang catching, seizing. — etmek h! to catch, nab, get hold of, lay one’s hands on (s.o.). — olmak (for s.o.) to get caught, be nabbed.
      piyata (./.) 1. dinner plate. 2. flat. — eğe flat file.
      piyaz 1. cold dish made with dried beans, chopped onions, parsley, and olive oil. 2. onions that have been chopped, salted, and mixed with parsley. 3. slang flattery, soft soap. — doğramak slang to lie, feed some-
piyazcı                                            699
    one a load of bull, piyazcı 1. seller/maker of piyaz. 2. slang flatterer, soft-soaper, piyazcılık slang flattery, soft soap, piyazlama l\l 1. seasoning (meat) with onions and spices (before cooking it). 2. slang flattering, soft-soaping, soft soap, piyazlamak /ı/ 1. to season (meat) with onions and spices (before cooking it). 2. slang to flatter, soft-soap, piyedöpul, -lü a cloth fabric decorated with a checked design resembling the print of a chicken’s foot, piyes theat. (a) play, piyiz slang raki.
piyizlenme slang drinking raki, knocking back some raki.
piyizlenmek slang to drink raki, knock back some raki.
piyon 1. chess pawn. 2. colloq. pawn, one who is used to further another person’s ends, piyoniye pioneer, piyore path, pyorrhea, pizolit, -ti geol. pisolite, pizza (/.) pizza.
pizzaci (/..) 1. maker/seller of pizza. 2. pizzeria.
PK, P.K. (abbr. for Posta Kutusu) POB, P.O.B.
    (Post-office Box), plaçka (/.) 1. looting. 2. loot, booty, plunder, plaçkacı (/..) looter, plunderer, plaj beach, bathing beach, plajiyoklaz geol. plagioclase. plak record, phonograph record. —-ı bozulmak slang to drive someone crazy, give someone a headache (by talking), plaka (/.) 1. (metal) license plate, license tag (for a motor vehicle). 2. metal tag (used for identification/classification). 3. (metal) plaque, tablet, plakacı (/..) 1. maker/seller of license plates.
    2.    maker/seller of metal tags/plaques, plakalı (/..) 1. (vehicle) which has a license plate; (vehicle) whose license-plate number is .... 2. (s.t.) which bears a tag/a plaque, plakasız (/..) 1. (vehicle) which has no license plate. 2. (s.t.) which bears no tag/plaque, plaket, -ti plaquette.
plan 1. plan; scheme; project. 2. plot (of a novel/a short story/a play). — kurmak colloq., see plan yapmak. (...) —da olmak colloq. (for s.t.) to be of (a certain degree of) importance: Bu iş birinci planda. This job is of great importance. (...) —da tutmak hi colloq. to regard (s.t./s.o.) as being a thing/a person of (a specified degree of) importance.
    —     yapmak to plan something; to plan, make plans; to scheme, plancı planner.
plancılık being a planner; planning, plançete (./.) (surveyor’s) plane table, planet, -ti astr. planet, planetaryum (../.) planetarium, plankton biol. plankton.
                                                                                                         plonjon
planlama planning, planlamak hi to plan, planlanma being planned, planlanmak to be planned, planlı 1. planned. 2. premeditated (crime). — ekonomi planned economy, planör glider; sailplane; hang glider, planörcü person who operates a glider, planörcülük operating a glider, gliding; sail-planing; hang gliding, plansız 1. without plans. 2. not planned ahead, unplanned. — programsız colloq. 1. casual, unplanned. 2. casually, without planning ahead, plantasyon plantation.
planya (/.) 1. a large, carpenter’s plane. 2. planing machine, planyacı (/..) planer, a workman skilled in planing wood, planyalama hi planing, planyalamak hi to plane, plasenta (./.) anat. placenta, plasman 1. fin. investment, investing (of money). 2. placing, placement (of s.o. seeking work).
                                                                  plaster Band-Aid, Brit. Elastoplast, Brit, plaster, plastik 1. plastic. 2. plastic, made of plastic.
   —   ameliyat/cerrahi plastic surgery. — sanatlar the plastic arts. — tutkal plastic glue.
plastron 1. dickey, plastron. 2. plastron (worn while fencing), platerina (../.) zool. sand smelt, atherine, Atherina presbyter. platform 1. platform, rostrum. 2. platform, declaration of principles and policies. 3. geog. platform.
platika zool. ruff, ruffe, pope (a perch), Acerina cernua.
                                                                  platin 1. platinum. 2. points (in the distributor of an engine), plato (/.) 1. geog. plateau. 2. set (for filming a movie or broadcasting a television program). Platon (/.) Plato (the ancient Greek philosopher).
Platoncu phil. 1. (a) Platonist. 2. Platonist, Pla-tonistic.
Platonculuk phil. Platonism, platonik platonic. — aşk platonic love, plazma (/.) biol. plasma. — bozulumu plas-molysis. plebisit, -ti plebiscite.
pleistosen geol. 1. the Pleistocene epoch or series, the Pleistocene. 2. Pleistocene, of the Pleistocene, plevra (/.) anat. pleura, pleybek (.'.) playback, pli tailor. 1. pleat. 2. pleated, plili tailor, pleated.
                                                                  plise tailor. 1. pleating (a garment). 2. pleated.
   —   yapmak hi to pleat.
                                                                  pliyosen geol. 1. the Pliocene epoch or series, the-Pliocene. 2. Pliocene, of the Pliocene, plonjon soccer a dive made by a goalie to block
plüralist
    a shoot.
plüralist, -ti phil., sociol. 1. (a) pluralist. 2.
    pluralistic, pluralist, pltiralizm phil., sociol. pluralism, plütokrasi plutocracy.
Plüton (/.) 1. astr. Pluto. 2. Greek mythology Pluto.
plütonyum (./.) chem. plutonium, plüviyometre (...A) pluviometer, pluviameter, rain gage.
Pm chem. Pm (promethium).
Po chem. Po (polonium), poca (/.) naut. 1. leeward, to leeward, alee. 2. the lee side, leeward, the direction that is away from the wind. — alabanda, naut. Turn the helm to the lee. — etmek naut. 1. to bear away to leeward. 2. /i/ to turn (a ship) to leeward.
pocalama naut. 1. bearing away to leeward. 2. veering.
pocalamak naut. 1. to bear away to leeward.
    2.    to veer, podüsüet, -ti suede.
podyum (/.) 1. small platform, podium, dais.
    2.    arch, podium, pof 1. imitates the sound of a dull thud. 2. Sss! (imitates the sound of escaping air). — diye
    1. with a dull thud. 2. with a hiss; with a sigh.
pofurdama colloq. sighing audibly, exhaling audibly (owing to boredom/impatience/anger); snorting, pofurdamak colloq. to sigh audibly, exhale audibly (owing to boredom/impatience/anger); to snort, pofur pofur (./ ..) colloq. in great puffs, emitting great puffs of smoke, pofyos slang 1. empty, hollow. 2. worthless, no -count (thing), poğaça (./.) a flaky, savory pastry, poğaçacı (./..) maker/seller of poğaça, poğaçacılık (./...) making/selling poğaça, pohpoh flattery, fulsome praise, pohpohçu flatterer.
pohpohlama hi flattering, praising (s.o.) ful-somely.
pohpohlamak hi to flatter, praise (s.o.) ful-somely. poker poker (a card game), pokerci poker player, polargı polarizer (part of a polariscope). polarılma (of light) being polarized, polarılmak (for light) to be polarized, polarimetre (.../.) see polarölçer. polarimetri polarimetry. polariskop polariscope. polarizasyon polarization, polarma optics, phys., chem. polarization, polarmak hi optics, phys., chem. to polarize, polarölçer (./..) polarimeter.
Polca (/.) 1. Polish, the Polish language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Polish, Polish. 3. Polish (speech/writing); spoken in Polish; writ-
700                                       politikacılık
         ten in Polish, polemik polemic. — e girmek to polemize, polemicize. polen bot. pollen, poliandri polyandry, poliasit chem. poly acid, poliçe (./.) 1. com. bill of exchange; draft. 2.
         insurance policy (document), polietilen chem. polyethylene, polifoni mus. polyphony, polifonik mus. polyphonic, poligam polygamous, poligami polygamy, poliglot, -tu polyglot.
      poligon 1. geom. polygon. 2. mil. gunnery range, artillery range, poliklinik 1. clinic for out-patients, policlinic.
         2.    polyclinic, polim slang lie, falsehood. — atmak to tell lies.
         —     yapmak to show off. polimer chem. 1. polymer. 2. polymeric (compound).
      polimeri chem., see polimerlik. polimerleşme chem. polymerization, undergoing polymerization, polimerleşmek chem. to polymerize, undergo polymerization, polimerleştirme hi chem. polymerizing, polymerization, subjecting (s.t.) to polymerization.
      polimerleştirmek hi chem. to polymerize, subject (s.t.) to polymerization, polimerlik chem. polymery.
      Polinezya (../.) 1. Polynesia. 2. Polynesian, of Polynesia.
      Polinezyah (../..) 1. (a) Polynesian. 2. Polynesian (person), polip, -pi 1. zool. polyp, 2. path, polyp, polypus.
      polis 1. the police. 2. policeman. — hafiyesi (a) police detective, polisiye detective, concerned with detection of crime: polisiye film detective movie, polisiye roman detective novel, whodunit, polislik 1. being a policeman; the duties of a policeman; policemanship. 2. policeman-like action.
      politeist, -ti 1. (a) polytheist. 2. polytheistic, polytheistical. politeizm polytheism, politik political, politic, politika (../.) 1. politics. 2. political line, political conduct, political policy. 3. behavior resembling that of a crafty politician, politicness, expediency. — gütmek to follow (a certain) political line, pursue (a certain) political policy. — yapmak 1. to be engaged in politics. 2. to play politics, politikacı (../..) 1. politician. 2. (s.o.) who behaves like a politician. 3. politic (person), (s.o.) who acts expediently, politikacılık (../...) 1. being a politician. 2. acting like a politician. 3. politjcness.
poliüretan                                      701
poliüretan polyurethane, poliyester (../.) see polyester, polka (/.) polka, polo (.'.) polo.
Polonez 1. (a) Pole. 2. Polish (person), polonez 1. mus. (a) polonaise. 2. polonaise (the dance).
Polonya (./.) 1. Poland. 2. Polish, of Poland. PolonyalI (./..) 1. (a) Pole. 2. Polish (person), polonyum chem. polonium, polyester (./.) polyester.
Pomak 1. (a) Pomak (a member of a Muslim, Slavic people living in Bulgaria). 2. Pomak, of the Pomaks.
Pomakça (./.) 1. Pomak, the Pomak language (a Slavic tongue, closely resembling Bulgarian). 2. (speaking/writing) in Pomak, Pomak. 3. Pomak (speech/writing); spoken in Pomak; written in Pomak, pomat 1. med. pomade. 2. pomatum, pomade (for the hair), pomata see pomat, pompa (/.) pump, pompaj pumping.
pompalama i\l 1. pumping. 2. encouraging, inciting, incitement. 3. slang *screw, *screw-ing, Brit. * shagging, pompalamak hi 1. to pump. 2. to encourage, incite. 3. slang to *screw, Brit. *shag. pompalanma 1. being pumped. 2. being encouraged, being incited. 3. slang being *screwed, Brit, being *shagged. pompalanmak 1. to be pumped. 2. to be encouraged, be incited. 3. slang to be * screwed,
   Brit, be *shagged. pompalı (/..) 1. furnished with a pump. 2. pump-action (rifle). — tüfek pump-action rifle. — silah pump gun. pompuruk slang old, decrepit (man), pomza (/.) see ponza, ponje pongee (a fabric), ponksiyon med. puncture, punction, punctio, puncturing. — yapmak to make a puncture, ponpon 1. pompon, pom-pom (an ornamental ball). 2. powder puff (for applying powder), ponton pontoon, ponza (/.) pumice.
ponzalama /ı/ pumicing; rubbing (s.t.) with a piece of pumice, ponzalamak /ı/ to pumice; to rub (s.t.) with a piece of pumice, ponzalanma being pumiced; being rubbed with a piece of pumice, ponzalanmak to be pumiced; to be rubbed with a piece of pumice, ponzataşı, -m (/...) see ponza, pop, -pu 1. pop, popular. 2. pop music, pop, popular music. — müzik pop music,, pop, popular music, popçu lover of pop music, poplin poplin (a fabric), popo child's language buttocks, bottom, fanny, popülarite popularity.
                                                                                                              posa
popülarize popularizing, popularization. — etmek III to popularize, popüler popular.
popülerlik popularity, being popular, popülist, -ti 1. (a) populist. 2. populist, popu-listic. popülizm populism, porfir geol. porphyry, porfirit, -ti geol. porphyrite. porfirsi porphyroid. porno (/.) colloq. pornographic, pornografi pornography, pornografik pornographic, porselen 1. porcelain. 2. porcelain insulator. 3.
    porcelain, made of porcelain, porselenci maker/seller of porcelain, porsiyon portion, helping, serving (of food), ’porsuk zool. badger, Meles meles.
2porsuk see pörsük.
porsukağacı, -m (./...) bot. yew, yew tree, Taxus baccata. porsukgiller bot. Taxaceae. porsuma prov., see pörsüme. porsumak prov., see pörsümek. port, -tu comp. port.
portakal 1. orange (the fruit). 2. bot. orange tree, Citrus aurantium. — ağacı bot. orange tree, Citrus aurantium. — rengi 1. orange, the color orange. 2. orange, orange-colored.
    —      renkli orange, orange-colored. — suyu orange juice, portakallık orange grove, portatif portable, movable, porte 1. scope, range, compass, extent (of a job/ a project). 2. the degree of importance (of a job/a project). 3. mus. staff, stave.
Portekiz (/..) 1. Portugal. 2. Portuguese, of Portugal.
Portekizce (../.) 1. Portuguese, the Portuguese language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Portuguese, Portuguese. 3. Portuguese (speech/writing); spoken in Portuguese; written in Portuguese. Portekizli (/...) 1. (a) Portuguese. 2. Portuguese (person).
portföy 1. billfold, wallet. 2.fin. portfolio, portik arch, portico.
Portland Portland cement.
                                                                    portmanto (./.) hallstand, hatstand; coatrack.
portmone change purse, porte-monnaie.
porto (/.) port wine, port.
portolon naut. chart, portolano, portolan.
                                                                   Porto Riko 1. Puerto Rico, Porto Rico. 2.
    Puerto Rican, Porto Rican, of Puerto Rico. Porto Rikolu 1. (a) Puerto Rican, (a) Porto Rican. 2. Puerto Rican, Porto Rican (person), portre portrait, portreci portraitist.
posa (/.) pulp, residue, bagasse (left after fruits/vegetables have been crushed). — sini çıkarmak Iml colloq. 1. to make the fullest possible use of (s.t./s.o.); to get all the good one can out of (s.t.); to exploit (s.t./s.o.) to the nth degree. 2. to criticize (s.t.) through
posbıyık                                         702
   and through. 3. to beat the tar out of. posbıyık (/..) colloq. 1. (s.o.) who has a bushy mustache. 2. bushy mustache, posbıyıklı (/...) colloq. (s.o.) who has a bushy mustache.
post, -tu 1. (dressed/undressed) skin, pelt (with its hair/wool/fur still on it). 2. post, office, position (used sarcastically). 3. the position of sheikh in a dervish order. 4. made of a skin/pelt. — unu çıkarmak /in/ 1. to skin (an animal). 2. slang to beat the daylights out of (s.o.). — u deldirmek slang to be hit by a bullet*; to be winged. — elden gitmek colloq.
   1.  to be killed, be bumped off. 2. to lose one’s position/power, —a geçmek 1. colloq. to be promoted to a position. 2. to become the sheikh of a dervish lodge. — kalpak sheepskin calpac. — kapmak colloq. to obtain a position, get o.s. promoted to a position; to do someone out of his/her post. — kavgası colloq. struggle over who’s to get an official position. — u kurtarmak colloq. to save one’s skin, manage to escape death.
   —a oturmak to become the sheikh of a dervish lodge. —-una oturmak colloq. 1. Iml to obtain (s.o. else’s) post. 2. to put on airs, act high and mighty. — una saman doldurmak Iml colloq. to kill, fill (s.o.) full of lead.
   *—u sermek colloq. 1. (for a guest) to stay on and on with no apparent thought of leaving. 2. to hold on to one’s position as if
   f one will never quit it. — u sudan çıkarmak colloq. to extricate o.s. from a muddle, get
   o.s. out of hot water. — u vermek colloq. to die, give up the ghost, posta (/.) 1. mail, post. 2. postal service, the post office. 3. mail truck; mail train; mail steamer. 4. mil. orderly. 5. trip, run. 6. team, crew, gang. — ya atmak hi see postaya vermek. — etmek hi to take (a suspect) to the police station. — güvercini carrier pigeon.
   —   havalesi postal money order, money order. — kaldırmak school slang (for a group of students) to play hooky together. — yı kesmek colloq. 1. to stop doing something. 2. to cut one’s ties with a place; to break off relations with someone. — koymak colloq. to con, dupe. — kurmak /a/ slang to plot against (s.o.), plot to do (s.o.) dirt. — pulu postage stamp. — ya vermek /ı/ to mail, post.
   —   yapmak /a/ colloq. to make a trip to and from (a place), make a round trip to (a place).
postacı (/..) postman; postwoman; mail carrier, postacılık (/...) 1. operating a postal service.
   2.     being a postman/a postwoman, postal 1. mil. half boot; combat boot. 2. colloq.
   trollop, hussy, baggage, postalama III mailing, posting, postalamak hi to mail, post, postalanma being mailed, being posted, postalanmak to be mailed, be posted, postane (.—.) post office, postiş postiche; switch; wiglet; toupee, hair-
                                                                                                    pozcu
      piece.
   postludus mus., see postlüt. postlüt mus. postlude.
   postnişin head of a dervish lodge, sheikh (mostly used by the Mevlevis). postrestant, -ti (/..) general delivery, Brit, poste restante.
   postulat, -ti log., math, postulate, poşet, -ti 1. plastic bag. 2. (tea) bag. poşu a fringed, silk/cotton/woolen, head scarf. *pot, -tu 1. (unwanted) pucker, wrinkle (resulting from poor tailoring). 2. colloq. slip of the tongue, blooper; faux pas, misstep, gaffe. — gelmek colloq. to go wrong, turn out badly. — kırmak colloq. to say the wrong thing, put one’s foot in one’s mouth; to commit a faux pas. — yeri colloq. the unpleasant side; the difficult side; the sticky part (of a job/a matter).
   2pot, -tu 1. (in poker and other card games) the pot, the pool. 2. slang poker (the game). 3pot, -tu raft used as a ferry (to cross rivers/ streams).
   pota (/.) 1. crucible. 2. basketball basket, potansiyel potential.
   potas chem. potash; potassium carbonate; potassium hydroxide. — kostik potassium hydroxide.
   potasyum (./.) chem. potassium. — hidroksit potassium hydroxide. — klorür potassium chloride. — nitrat potassium nitrate. — sülfat potassium sulfate, potin 1. ankle boot; button boots. 2. (child’s) half boot.
   potkal bottle with a message in it (cast into the sea from a ship), potlaç potlatch, potlach. potlu (garment) that has an unwanted pucker/ wrinkle in it (owing to poor tailoring), potpuri mus. medley, potpourri, potrak (garment) that is full of (unwanted) puckers/wrinkles, potrel see putrel.
   ’potuk (garment) that is full and gathered.
   . 2potuk prov. young camel, potur 1. full-gathered knee breeches worn with tight leggings. 2. puckered place, wrinkled place. 3. puckered, gathered; wrinkled, pound pound, pound sterling, poyra (/.) hub of a wheel. — deliği hole in the center of a hub.                   ^ "
   poyraz 1. northeast wind, boreas. 2. (the) north, poyrazlama (of the wind) beginning to blow from the northeast, poyrazlamak (for the wind) to begin to blow from the northeast, poz 1. pose (of the body), 2. colloq. pose, posturing, attitudinizing. 3. phot, exposure, exposure time. — atmak/kesmek colloq., see poz yapmak. — vermek to pose (for an artist/a photographer). — yapmak colloq. to pose, posture, attitudinize, pozcu colloq. 1. (s.o.) who rs given to posturing,
pozisyon                                          703
    who pretends to be what he/she is not. 2. poser, poseur, pozisyon position.
pozitif positive. — film positive film. — görüntü phot, positive image, positive picture, pozitivist, -ti 1. (a) positivist. 2. positivist, positivistic. pozitivizm positivism, poziton phys., see pozitron. pozitonyum (../.) phys., see pozitronyum. pozitron phys. positron, positive electron, pozitronyum (../.) phys. positronium. pozometre (../.) phot, exposure meter, light meter.
pöç prov., anat. tailbone, coccyx, pöçük prov., anat., see pöç. pöf Ugh!
pörsük flaccid, wrinkled, and lacking in substance, shriveled and flaccid, pörsüklük being flaccid, wrinkled, and without substance.
pörsüme becoming flaccid, wrinkled, and lacking in substance, becoming shriveled and flaccid.
pörsümek to become flaccid, wrinkled, and lacking in substance, become shriveled and flaccid.
pörtlek prov. protruding (eyes), pörtleme prov. protrusion (of eyes), pörtlemek prov. (for eyes) to protrude, pösteki sheepskin/goatskin (with its wool/hair on it), —sini çıkarmak /in/ colloq., see pös-tekisini sermek, —ye dönmek colloq. (for s.t.) to become battered and limp (from excessive use). — saydırmak /a/ colloq. to have/make (s.o.) do a very boring, unending job. — saymak colloq. to be engaged in a very boring, unending job. —sini sermek /ml colloq. to beat the living daylights out of (s.o.). — yi sermek colloq. 1. (for a guest) to stay on and on with no apparent thought of leaving. 2. to hold on to one’s position as if one will never quit it. pötifur petit four.
pötikare (cloth) decorated with small checks;
    made of cloth decorated with small checks, prafa (/.) a card game, pragmacı (/..) phil. 1. pragmatic, of the pragmatic school. 2. (a) pragmatist, pragmacılık (/...) phil. pragmatism, pragmatik pragmatic, practical, pragmatist, -ti phil., see pragmacı, pragmatizm phil., see pragmacılık, pranga (/.) formerly 1. a heavy iron chain shackled to a prisoner’s ankle with a ring and tied to his back with a rope. 2. penal servitude, hard labor; being condemned to the galleys. — kaçağı colloq. dangerous criminal; thug. — ya vurmak /i/ to put a pranga on (a prisoner), praseodim chem. praseodymium, pratik 1. practical, capable of being put into practice in everyday life. 2. practical, handy,
                                                                                                prezante
   useful. 3. applied. 4. practical, pragmatic, down-to-earth, sensible. 5. application, practice, putting into practice, carrying out. 6. practical experience; practical knowledge; practical skill. — te colloq. in practice, —ten öğrenmek /ı/ to learn (s.t.) merely by doing it (without having any formal instruction, without knowing anything concerning the theory behind it). — yapmak to practice.
pratika (./.) naut. pratique (a document), pratikleşme becoming practical, becoming pragmatic.
pratikleşmek to become practical, become pragmatic, pratiklik practicality, being practical, pratisyen 1. med. general practitioner, GP. 2. person who has learned something by practice or practical training (but who lacks formal/specialized training). — hekim/doktor med. general practitioner, GP. prefabrik prefabricated, prefabrikasyon prefabrication, prefabrike prefabricated, prehistorik prehistoric, prehistorical. prehistorya (../.) prehistory, prekambriyen 1. the Precambrian era or system of rocks, the Precambrian. 2. Precambrian, of the Precambrian. prelüd mus. prelude, prematüre premature (infant), prens prince. P— Adaları the Princes’ Islands (near Istanbul), prenses princess.
prenseslik 1. being a princess; the sovereignty/ rank of a princess. 2. principality, principate (area ruled by a princess), prensip principle, fundamental belief or rule of conduct. — sahibi (s.o.) who is a person of principle.
prenslik 1. being a prince; princedom. 2. princedom, principality, principate (area ruled by a prince).
preparasyon (a pharmaceutical) preparation, preparat, -ti see müstahzar, pres 1. press, mangle. 2. press, crusher (for crushing olives, grapes, oilseeds, etc.). presbit, -ti path. 1. presbyopic. 2. presbyope. presbitlik path, presbyopia, presçi press operator, prese pressed, compressed, presesyon astr. precession, presizyon precision, prestij prestige, presto (/.) mus. presto, presyon pressure.
prevantoryum (../.) med. preventorium, prez slang a pinch of heroin, prezantabl presentable (person), prezantasyon 1. presentation, exhibition. 2.
   introduction (of one person to another), prezante used in: — etmek /ı, a/ to introduce (one person) to (another).
prezervatif
prezervatif condom, prifiks com. fixed price, prim 1. (a) premium. 2. insurance premium. 3. bonus.
primadonna (../.) prima donna, primatlar zool. the primates, Primates. primitif primitive, primitivist, -ti see ilkelci, primitivizm see ilkelcilik, printer comp, printer.
priz 1. electric outlet, socket (for a plug), Brit. power-point; wall plug; jack; connector (at the end of an extension cord). 2. solidification, setting (of cement), prizma (/.) prism, probabilizm phil. probabilism. problem 1. problem; question, difficulty. 2. math, problem. 3. difficult to deal with, problem: problem çocuk a problem child, problematik problematic, problemli 1. problematic. 2. (s.o.) who has (psychological) problems, prodüksiyon cin. production, prodüktör cin., econ. producer.
Prof. (abbr. for Profesör) Prof. (Professor), profesör professor, profesörlük professorship, profesyonel 1. (a) professional. 2. professional, profesyonelleşme becoming a professional, professionalizing, profesyonelleşmek to become a professional, professionalize, profesyonellik professionalism, profil profile.
profilaksi med. prophylaxis, profilaktik med. 1. prophylactic. 2. (a) prophylactic.
proforma (./.) fin. pro forma. — fatura pro
   forma invoice, program 1. schedule, plans, program. 2. radio program, broadcast; TV program, show. 3. schedule of programs. 4. comp, program. 5. program (printed for a play, concert, etc.). programcı 1. person in charge of preparing a program; programmer. 2. radio, TV program director. 3. computer programmer. 4. program seller; person who hands out programs (in a theater/a concert hall), programlama programming, programlamak /ı/ to program, programlaştırma hi see programlama, programlaştırmak hi see programlamak, programlı 1. done according to a program. 2. (s.t.) which has a program. 3. (s.o.) whose day-to-day activities are tied to a program, programsız 1. not done according to a program.
   2.    (s.t.) which lacks a program. 3. (s.o.) whose day-to-day activities are not tied to a program, proje project.
projeksiyon 1. projection, projected image (appearing on a screen). 2. projecting (of an image onto a screen). 3. cartography, math.
704                                         provokasyon
         projection.
      projektör 1. projector; searchlight; spotlight. 2.
         film projector (for slides/movies), projelendirme hi projecting, designing, planning.
      projelendirmek l\l to project, design, plan, proletarya (../.) proletariat, proleter 1. (a) proletarian. 2. proletarian, of the proletariat, proleterleşme proletarianization, proleterleşmek to undergo proletarianization, proletarianize. prolog prolog, Brit, prologue, prometyum (./.) chem. promethium, promosyon com. promotion; sales promotion, propaganda (../.) propaganda. — yapmak to propagandize, carry on or spread propaganda, propagandacı (../..) propagandist, propagandacılık (...'...) being a propagandist;
         propagandizing, prosedür procedure, proses process, prosodi prosody.
      prospektüs (./.) 1. printed instructions/directions (indicating how s.t. is to be used). 2. prospectus.
      prostat, -ti anat. prostate, prostate gland. — ameliyatı surg. prostatectomy, prostela (./.) apron (garment), protaktinyum (../.) chem. protactinium, protein protein, protektora protectorate.
      Protestan 1. (a) Protestant. 2. Protestant. Protestanlık Protes tantism. protesto (./.) 1. protestation, protesting. 2. protest. 3. naut. protest. — çekmek /a/ to make a formal complaint (against) (s.o.), lodge a protest (against) (s.o.); to protest (to), voice one’s disapproval (to). — etmek hi to protest against, protestocu (..'..) protester, protestor, protez 1. med. prosthesis, artificial substitute for a missing part. 2. dental prosthesis; denture.
         3.    prosthetics. 4. slang falsie, heavily padded brassiere, protezci maker/seller of prostheses. protojin geol. protogine. protokol, -lü protocol, proton chem., phys. proton, protonema (../.) bot. protonema, protoplazma (../.) biol. protoplasm, protoplasma, prototip, -pi prototype.
      protrombin biochem. prothrombin, thrombogen. prova (/.) 1. rehearsal. 2. tailor, fitting. 3. print. (a) proof. 4. naut. bow, head. — yapmak theat. to rehearse, have a rehearsal, providansiyalist, -ti see kayraci. providansiyalizm see kayracılık, provizyon fin. cover, the funds needed in a bank account to cover any given check, provizyonsuz used in: — çek fin. bad check, provokasyon provocation.
provokatör                                      705
provokatör agent provocateur, prömiyer premiere, premiere performance.
Prusya (/.) 1. Prussia. 2. Prussian, of Prussia. Prusyali (/..) 1. (a) Prussian. 2. Prussian (person).
pruva (/.) naut. bow, head. — hattı a line of ships (one behind the other), psikanalist, -ti psychoanalyst, psikanalitik psychoanalytical, psikanaliz psychoanalysis, psikasteni psychasthenia. psikiyatr psychiatrist, psikiyatri psychiatry, psikiyatrist, -ti psychiatrist, psikolengüistik (./....) 1. psycholinguistics. 2.
    psycholinguistic. psikolog psychologist, psikoloji psychology.
psikolojik psychological. — savaş psychological warfare, psikolojizm psychologism, psikometri psychometry. psikopat, -ti psychopath, psikopati psychopathy, psikopatoloji psychopathology, psikopatolojik psychopathological, psycho-pathologic, psikosomatik psychosomatic, psikoterapi psychotherapy, psikoterapist, -ti psychotherapist, psikoz psychosis, psişik mental, psychical, psychic.
Pt chem. Pt (platinum).
                                                         PTT (abbr. for Posta, Telgraf, Telefon İşletmesi) Post, Telegraph, and Telephone Office.
Pu chem. Pu (plutonium), puan 1. point (unit used in keeping the score of a game or in grading a test). 2. dot (used as a decoration in a cloth fabric). — almak/ kazanmak to score, score points, rack up points (while playing a game), puanlama /i/ grading (a test), puanlamak /i/ to grade (a test), puanlı dotted, spotted.
puantaj 1. checking, ticking off (names on a roster); timekeeping, the work of a timekeeper (especially one in a factory). 2. scoring, keeping score (during a game), puanter pointer (a dog), puantiye dotted (cloth), puantiyizm art pointillism, pointillage. puantör timekeeper (especially in a factory), puding, -gi (.'.) 1. pudding (a dessert). 2. geol.
    conglomerate, pudra (/.) powder; face powder; dusting powder; talcum powder, pudralık (/..) 1. container designed to hold powder. 2. compact (for a cosmetic, carried in a purse).
pudraşeker (/...) powdered sugar; confectioners’ sugar, pudriyer compact (for a cosmetic, carried in a purse).
                                                                                                        puluç
 *puf 1. pouf; hassock; ottoman. 2. a puffy cushion. — minderi a puffy cushion.
 2puf Ouf!/Oof!
pufböreği, -ni (/...) a puffy pastry stuffed with cheese/meat, pufla (/.) 1. zool. eider, Somateria mollissima.
    2. down, eiderdown. 3. stuffed with down, down. 4. colloq. soft and puffy. — gibi colloq. downy, fluffy.
puflama saying “Ouf!”, snorting, puflamak to say “Ouf!”, snort, puhu zool. eagle owl, Bubo bubo. pul 1. stamp; postage stamp; revenue stamp. 2. table games playing piece,,counter (a thin, round disc). 3. jingle (in the hoop of a tambourine). 4. spangle, sequin. 5. scale (of a fish). 6. anat. squama, scale. 7. (metal) washer (for a bolt/a screw). 8. hist, a small coin (worth one third of an akçe). — iğnesi very small sewing needle. — kaya geol. schist.
    —     pul in scales; in flakes; in spots. — pul ayrılma geol. exfoliation, — şişe a bottle made of very thin, greenish glass, pulat steel. — gibi colloq. very strong, pulcu 1. seller of revenue stamps. 2. stamp dealer, person who sells stamps to philatelists.
    3. stamp collector, philatelist.
 pulculuk 1. being a seller of revenue stamps; selling revenue stamps. 2. being a stamp dealer; selling stamps to collectors. 3. being a stamp collector; stamp collecting, philately, piilkanatlilar (/....) zool. Lepidoptera. pullama III 1. putting a (revenue/postage) stamp on (s.t.). 2. decorating (s.t.) with spangles/ sequins.
 pullamak hi 1. to put a (revenue/postage) stamp on (s.t.). 2. to decorate (s.t.) with spangles/ sequins.
 pullanma 1. being stamped. 2. flaking off, falling off in flakes, peeling off (of a coating of paint/varnish, of a glaze). 3. desquamation (of skin) (in small flakes), flaking off, scaling off.
 pullanmak 1. to be stamped. 2. (for a coating of paint/varnish, for a glaze) to flake off, fall off in flakes, peel off. 3. (for skin) to desquamate (in small flakes), flake off, scale off, peel off.
pullu 1. stamped, bearing a stamp. 2. scaly. 3. anat. squamous. 4. spangled, bespangled; sequined. 5. (bolt/screw) which is fitted with a washer, pulluk (iron/steel) plow.
 pulman used in: — koltuk seat with an adjustable back (installed in buses/trains/airplanes/ boats).
pulover pullover (a sweater), pulsu scalelike. — yaprak bot. bract. — yap-rakçık bot. bracteole, bractlet. pulsuz 1. stampless, unstamped. 2. scaleless. 3. (s.t.) which lacks a spangle/a sequin. 4. wash-erless (bolt/screw), puluç prov. (sexually) impotent.
puluçluk
706
pürazamet
puluçluk prov. (sexual) impotence, puma (/.) zool. puma, cougar, mountain lion, Felis concolor. punç, -çu punch (beverage), punt 1. naut. reckoning, position (the position of a ship at sea as determined by reckoning).
    2. colloq. appropriate time, —unu bulmak (—una getirmek) colloq. to find a suitable opportunity (to do s.t.). — tayini naut. reckoning, calculating a ship’s position.
punta (/.) lathe-center.
punto (/.) print, point (unit of measure for size of type).
’pupa (/.) naut. 1. stern. 2. poop deck, poop.
    3. astern, from the rear. — gitmek 1. to sail with the wind directly astern. 2. slang to go straight ahead. — rüzgâr wind blowing astern, stern wind. — yelken gitmek (for a ship) to sail at maximum speed (owing to a stern wind).
2pupa (/.) zool. pupa, puro (/.) cigar.
’pus 1. mist, haze, light fog. 2. bloom (a powdery coating on fruit/leaves). 3. moss/lichens (on the bark of plants). 4. gum (which oozes from trees). 5. condensation, drops of moisture (on a surface). 6. thin cocoon made of delicate filaments (found on a leaf). 7. crust (on the nipple of a ewe). 8. prov. cataract (on the eye).
2pus inch.
pusarık 1. misty, hazy. 2. mirage, pusarma getting misty, getting hazy, pusarmak to get misty, get hazy, pusat, -ti 1. arms; armor. 2. apparatus, gear, equipment.
                                                             pusatçı formerly a character in the ortaoyunu, pusatlandırma /ı/ 1. arming, furnishing with arms; dressing (s.o.) in armor. 2. equipping, pusatlandirmak hi 1. to arm, furnish with arms;
    to dress (s.o.) in armor. 2. to equip, pusatlanma 1. being armed, being furnished with arms; putting on armor. 2. becoming equipped, getting the necessary equipment, pusatlanmak 1. to be armed, be furnished with arms; to put on armor. 2. to become equipped, get the necessary equipment, pusatlı 1. armed; clad in armor. 2. equipped, puset, -ti stroller (in which a very young child is pushed), pusla (/.) see ’pusula, 2pusula. puslanma 1. getting misty, getting hazy. 2. (of a fruit/a leaf) becoming covered with bloom.
    3.    (of a surface) becoming covered with condensation. 4. (of bark) becoming covered with moss/lichens, puslanmak 1. to get misty, get hazy. 2. (for a fruit/a leaf) to become covered with bloom.
    3.    (for a surface) to become covered with condensation. 4. (for bark) to become covered with moss/lichens, puslu 1. hazy, misty. 2. (fruit/leaf) which has bloom on it. 3. (a surface) covered with con-
   densation. 4. (bark) covered with moss/ lichens.
pusma crouching down; hiding, behind something.
pusmak to crouch down; to hide behind something.
pusu ambush, place where one lies in ambush.
   —ya düşmek to fall into an ambush, be ambushed. — ya düşürmek III to ambush.
   —     kurmak (—ya yatmak) to lie in ambush, ’pusula (./.) compass (an instrument). —yı şaşırmak colloq. 1. to be utterly confounded, be at sea, be at a loss as to what to do, be bumfuzzled. 2. to forget what’s what, lose one’s bearings, be on the wrong track. 2pusula (./.) note, memorandum; chit (memorandum of a small debt); itemized bill (written down on an odd piece of paper), puşlavat, -ti slang 1. queers, fags, faggots. 2.
   bastards, *sons of bitches, *shits. puşt, -tu vulg. 1. fag, faggot, passive male homosexual. 2. bastard, *son of a bitch, *shit. puştluk vulg. 1. faggoty behavior. 2. untrustworthiness; fickleness, *shittiness.
’put, -tu 1. idol, image, effigy (of a god). 2. Christ, cross; crucifix. — gibi colloq. as still as a statue, as if turned to stone. — kesilmek colloq. to become as still as a statue.
2put, -tu twisted silk thread, putlaşma being idolized, putlaşmak to be idolized, putlaştırma III idolizing, putlaştırmak hi to idolize, putperest, -ti idolater, idol worshiper, putperestlik idolatry, idol worship, putrel I beam, I girder, puvan see puan.
püf used to imitate the sound of air being blown from the mouth. — desen uçacak, colloq. He’s/She’s so skinny you’d think the wind would blow him/her away, (bir işin) — noktası the most important, as well as the most delicate part (of a matter), püfkürme III prov. spraying (s.t.) from one’s mouth.
püfkürmek hi prov. to spray (s.t.) from one’s mouth.
püfleme III 1. blowing on (a flame) (in order to put it out). 2. blowing on (s.t.) (in order to cool it).
püflemek hf 1. to blow on (a flame) (in order to put it out). 2. to blow on (s.t.) (in order to cool it).
püfür püfür (./ ..) (for a cooling breeze to blow) gently/pleasantly, pülverizatör atomizer; sprayer, spray gun; duster.
pünez thumbtack, Brit, drawing pin. pürahenk, -gi (.—.) 1. very harmonious. 2. very harmoniously, very tunefully. 3. very amicably.
pürazamet, -ti 1. very grand, very august. 2. very arrogant, very conceited. 3. very grand-
pürçek                                          707
   ly; grandiosely. 4. very arrogantly, in a very high-and-mighty way. pürçek prov. 1. lock, curl (of hair); sidelock; curl at the temple. 2. the roots of an onion/ a leek.
pürçeklenme prov. 1. curling (of hair). 2. becoming curly, pürçeklenmek prov. 1. (for hair) to curl. 2. to become curly, pürçekli prov. curly-headed; (s.o.) who has side-locks/curls at the temples, pürçük prov., see pürçek, pürçüklü prov. carrot.
püre puree; mash: patates püresi mashed potatoes. ıspanak püresi pureed spinach, pürgatif med. 1. (a) purgative. 2. purgative, pürhiddet, -ti very angry, full of anger, pürin chem. purine, püriten 1. (a) puritan. 2. puritanical, pürmüz used in: — lambası blowtorch, pürnakıl colloq. tree full of fruit/blossoms, pürneşe 1. very joyful, bright and merry. 2. very joyfully, bubbling over with joy /merriment, pürtelaş 1. very hurried and agitated, marked by haste and urgency. 2. in a hasty and agitated way, in haste and agitation, pürtük knob, small protuberance. — pürtük full of knobs, knobby, full of small protuberances, rough, pürtüklenme becoming knobby, becoming full of small protuberances, becoming rough, pürtüklenmek to become knobby, become full of small protuberances, become rough, pürtüklü full of knobs, knobby, full of small protuberances, rough, pürümit 1. very hopeful, full of hope. 2. very hopefully, in a very hopeful way. pürüz 1. roughness, unevenness, rough/uneven place (on a surface). 2. colloq. problem, difficulty, hitch, snag. — ayıklamak/temizlemek colloq. to smooth away the obstacles (to s.t.); to get rid of the snags (in s.t.). pürüzalır (./..) file (used to remove the burr on metal).
pürüzlenme 1. getting rough/uneven. 2. colloq.
   (of a job/a matter) going awry, getting snagged up, getting fouled up. pürüzlenmek 1. to get rough/uneven. 2. colloq.
   (for a job/a matter) to go awry, get snagged up, get fouled up. pürüzlü 1. rough, uneven; rugged. 2. colloq.
   difficult, marked by snags/hitches/foul-ups. pürüzsüz 1. even, smooth. 2. colloq. free of problems/snags/hitches/foul-ups. püskül tassel.
püskülkuyruklular (./....) zool. Thysanura.
                                                                                              pütürlü
püsküllü tasseled. — bela colloq. a peck of trouble, bad news, püskürgeç 1. atomizer; sprayer; duster. 2. chem.
   wash bottle, püskürme 1. /ı/ spraying (s.t.) from one’s mouth. 2. (volcanic) eruption. 3. (moles) growing here and there on someone’s skin.
    —  boya spray paint. — memesi injection nozzle.
 püskürmek 1. hf to spray (s.t.) from one’s mouth. 2. h! (for a volcano) to spew out, spume forth (lava). 3. (for a volcano) to erupt.
 püskürteç 1. aerosol, aerosol bomb, spray can (from which an aerosol is released). 2. atomizer; sprayer, spray gun; duster. 3. airbrush.
   4.     auto, fuel injector (for a diesel engine), püskürtme hi 1. spraying; dusting. 2. (a volcano’s) spewing out, spuming forth (lava).
    3.    repelling/repulsing/driving back (an attacker) vigorously. 4. auto, injecting, injection (of fuel). — makinesi duster (for dusting crops). — tabancası spray gun. püskürtmek /ı/ 1. to spray; to dust. 2, (for a volcano) to spew out, spume forth (lava).
    3. vigorously to repel/repulse/drive back (an attacker).
püskürtü 1. lava. 2. aerosol, püskürtücü sprayer, spray gun; duster, püskürük eruptive, volcanic. — kütle geol.
   mass of eruptive rock, püsür colloq. 1. flaw, defect, mistake. 2. headache, botheration, botherment, pain in the neck. 3. the difficult part of a job/a matter.
    4. petty, annoying details. 5. unwelcome person, unwanted person, pain in the neck (whom s.o. brings along withjiim/her).
pütür knob, small protuberance. — pütür 1. chapped/cracked/philblained (skin). 2. full of small protuberances, rough, pütürlendirme hi 1. chapping (skin); making (skin) become chilblained. 2. making (s.t.) become full of small protuberances, making (s.t.) become rough, pütürlendirmek III 1. to chap (skin); to make (skin) become chilblained. 2. to make (s.t.) become full of small protuberances, make (s.t.) become rough, pütürlenme 1. chapping (of skin); becoming chilblained. 2. becoming full of small protuberances, getting rough, pütürlenmek 1. (for skin) to chap; to become chilblained. 2. to become full of small protuberances, get rough, pütürlü 1. chapped, cracked; chilblained. 2. full of small protuberances, rough.
R
R the letter R.
Ra chem. Ra (radium).
Rab, -bbi the Lord, God. —im! My God!/God!
rabbani (.------) 1. divine, godly. 2. man of
                               God, man who has a profound faith in and reverence for God. 3. very devout (person). Rabbena (..—) used in: — hakkı için .... I swear to God .../by God .... —, hep bana! colloq. My God, what a greedy pig he/she is!
                               Rabbi God!/My God! rabıt, -pti obs., see rapt, rabıta (—..) 1. tie, bond, connection, relation, link; affiliation, attachment. 2. order, orderliness, system, method. 3. tie, fastening, rabıtalı (—...) 1. nicely arranged, orderly; well -conducted, soundly run; marked by system.
    2.    coherent, consistent and logical (thought/ speech). 3. level-headed, (person) who is deliberate and consistent in his/her behavior; conscientious and capable (person). 4. serious and morally upright, decent (person), rabıtasız (—...) 1. disarranged, disorderly, untidy; poorly conducted; lacking system. 2. incoherent, inconsistent and illogical (thought/speech). 3. (s.o.) who is inconsistent in his/her behavior, flighty, rabt, -ti obs., see rapt, raca (/.) raja, rajah.
raci, -ii (-----) obs., used in: — olmak /a/ to
    concern, affect, touch, racon slang 1. the accepted way of doing (s.t.).
    2.    showing off, swagger. — kesmek slang to show off, swagger, radansa (./.) naut. thimble (for a sail/a rope), radar radar.
radarcı 1. radar operator. 2. slang tattletale, informer, telltale, radarcılık 1. being a radar operator. 2. slang being a tattletale; talebearing, radde 1. point, degree. 2. about, around, approximately: saat beş raddelerinde at about five o’clock, radika (./.) bot. dandelion, Taraxacum officinale.
radikal, -li 1. radical, fundamental. 2. (a) radical, advocate of sweeping changes. 3. math. radical sign, radikalist, -ti (a) radical, advocate of sweeping changes, radikalizm radicalism, radon chem. radon, radyan radian.
radyasyon radiation.
radyatör radiator. — boşaltmak slang to urinate, take a leak, radyatörcü maker/seller/installer/repairer of radiators.
radyo (/.) 1. radio, Brit, wireless. 2. (a) radio station, radio: Istanbul radyosu Radio Istanbul.
radyoaktif radioactive. — atık radioactive waste. — bulaşma radioactive contamination. — çekirdek radionuclide, a radioactive nuclide. — izotop radioactive isotope. — karbon chem. radioactive carbon. — madde radioactive material. — parçalanma radioactive decay, radyoaktivite radioactivity, radyobiyolog radiobiologist, radyobiyoloji radiobiology, radyocu (/..) 1. maker/seller/repairer of radios.
    2.    radiobroadcaster. 3. radioman, radyoculuk (/...) 1. being a maker/a seller/a repairer of radios. 2. being a radiobroadcaster; radio-broadcasting, radyoelektrik electromagnetism, electromagnetics (a branch of physics);*
radyo etkinliği, -ni (/....) radioactivity.
radyoevi, -ni (/...) broadcasting studio(s) (building housing the studio/studios of a radio station).
radyofonik radio; designed to be broadcast by radio; suitable for radiobroadcasting. — oyun radio play.
radyofosfor chem. radiophosphorus, radioactive phosphorus, radyofoto radiophotograph, radiophoto, radyografi radiography, radyogram radiogram, radyoizotop, -pu radioisotope, radyokarbon chem. radiocarbon, radioactive carbon.
radyokimya (...—) radiochemistry, radyolog radiologist, radyoloji radiology, radyometre (../.) radiometer, radyometri phys. radiometry. radyometrik phys. radiometric, radyoskopi med. radioscopy, radyoteknoloji (/.....) radio technology, radyotelefon (/....) radiotelephone, radyotelgraf (/...) radiotelegram, radyoterapi radiotherapy, radyoterapist, -ti radiotherapist, radyum (/.) chem. radium.
 raf
 709
rahle
raf shelf, —a koymak/kaldırmak JıJ 1. to put (s.t.) on a shelf, shelve. 2. colloq. to shelve, put (s.t.) aside, forget about (s.t,). rafadan 1. soft-boiled (egg). 2. slang raw and inexperienced. — pişirmek 111 to soft-boil (an egg).
rafinaj refining (of petroleum/sugar).
rafine refined (petroleum/sugar).
rafineri refinery.
rafinman refinement.
rafit, -ti biol. raphide.
rafting, -gi sports rafting.
rafya (/.) 1. raffia. 2. bot. raffia palm, Raphia.
raglan see reglan.
rağbet, -ti 1. desire, demand: Buna artık rağbet yok. There’s no demand for this anymore. 2. popular approval, popularity: Onun yazdıkları bugünlerde çok rağbette. The things he writes are qliite popular nowadays, —ten düşmek 1. to be no longer in demand.
    2.   no longer to command popular approval.
    —    etmek /a/ 1. to like. 2. to esteem, admire.
    —    görmek 1. to be in demand. 2. to be popular. — göstermek /a/ see rağbet etmek.
    —    güzel ile zenginedir, proverb Beauty and wealth are two things which are always in demand. — kazanmak see rağbet görmek.
rağbetli 1. in demand, sought after. 2. esteemed, admired.
rağbetsiz 1. not in demand, not sought after. 2.
    unesteemed, unadmired, rağbetsizlik 1. lack of demand. 2. lack of esteem, lack of admiration, rağmen (/.) /a/ in spite of. rahat, -ti 1. peace and quiet, peace. 2. comfort, ease. 3. at ease, easy, untroubled. 4. relaxed, easygoing; (s.o.) who has an easy manner.
    5.   comfortable (place/thing). — ararsan mezarda. proverb If it’s lasting peace and quiet you seek, you’ll only find it in the grave. —ma bakmak 1. to think only of one’s own comfort. 2. to make o.s. comfortable, enjoy
    0.s. 3. to take it easy. —miza bakm. colloq.
    1. Make yourself comfortable ./Enjoy yourself. 2. Take it easy. — batmak /a/ colloq. to be stupid enough to throw up an easy life.
    —    bırakmamak /ı/ colloq. not to give (s.o.) any peace. — döşeği colloq. bed (in which a corpse is lying). — (dur)! mil. At ease!
    —    durmak colloq. to stand/sit still; to behave o.s., behave. — duruş standing at ease, standing in the at-ease position. — etmek 1. to be at ease, rest easy, be untroubled. 2. to rest, take it easy. — götüne batmak vulg., see rahat batmak. —ını kaçırmak /in/ colloq. to annoy; to discomfit, disconcert. — kıçına batmak vulg., see rahat batmak. — rahat colloq. 1. comfortably. 2. easily, smoothly, without difficulty. — vermemek /a/ colloq. not to give (s.o.) any peace. — yüzü görmemek colloq. to be constantly plagued by troubles, not to have a moment’s peace.
rahatça (./.) 1. comfortably. 2. easily, smoothly, without difficulty, rahatlama 1. feeling better (after experiencing sickness/pain/fatigue). 2. feeling relieved, becoming untroubled. 3. feeling at ease. 4. calming down, rahatlamak 1. to feel better (after experiencing sickness/pain/fatigue). 2. to feel relieved, become untroubled. 3. to feel at ease. 4. to calm down.
rahatlanma 1. feeling better (after experiencing sickness/pain/fatigue). 2. feeling relieved, becoming untroubled. 3. calming down. 4. resting, taking it easy, rahatlanmak 1. to feel better (after experiencing sickness/pain/fatigue). 2. to feel relieved, become untroubled. 3. to calm down. 4. to rest, take it easy, rahatlatıcı soothing, calming (thing), rahatlatma hi 1. making (s.o.) feel better (after experiencing sickness/pain/fatigue). 2. making (s.o.) feel relieved. 3. putting (s.o.) at ease, making (s.o.) feel at ease. 4. calming (s.o.) down; bringing peace and quiet to (a place).
rahatlatmak hi 1. to make (s.o.) feel better (after experiencing sickness/pain/fatigue). 2. to make (s.o.) feel relieved. 3. to put (s.o.) at ease, make (s.o.) feel at ease. 4. to calm (s.o.) down; to bring peace and quiet to (a place).
rahatlık 1. peace and quiet, peace. 2. comfort, ease. 3. easygoingness. 4. peace of mind, rahatsız 1. uncomfortable; (s.t.) which causes physical discomfort. 2. ill at ease, uncomfortable. 3. indisposed, a bit unwell, under the weather. — etmek 111 1. to bother, trouble, inconvenience; to disturb; to annoy. 2. to make (s.o.) feel ill at ease. 3. to cause (s.o.) to feel unwell. 4. to visit, pay (s.o.) a visit. — olmak 1. to feel indisposed, feel slightly ill, be under the weather. 2. to feel ill at ease, feel uncomfortable, rahatsızlanma feeling unwell, feeling ill. rahatsızlanmak to feel unwell, feel ill. rahatsızlaşma see rahatsızlanma, rahatsızlaşmak see rahatsızlanmak, rahatsızlık 1. discomfort, discomfiture, uneasiness. 2. slight sickness. — vermek /a/ to make (s.o.) feel ill at ease, rahibe (—..) 1. nun. 2. (female) priest/pastor/ minister. 3. priestess, rahibelik (—...). 1. being a nun, nunhood. 2. priesthood/pastorate/ministry (of a clergy-woman). 3. being a priestess.
Rahim (.—) the Merciful (a name for God), rahim, -hmi anat. uterus, womb, rahip (—.) 1. monk. 2. priest; pastor, minister, rahiplik (—..) 1.'being a monk, monkhood. 2. being a priest/a pastor/a minister; priesthood; pastorate, ministry, rahle bookrest (designed to be used by s.o. who is seated on the floor).
Rahman
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Rahman (.—) the Compassionate (a name for God).
rahmani (.— —) divine, of a divine nature, rahmet, -ti 1. God’s mercy; God’s compassion. 2. colloq. rain (when thought of as a blessing). — düşmek colloq., see rahmet yağmak. — okumak /a/ 1. to ask God to have mercy on (s.o. who has died), pray for (s.o. who has died). 2. colloq. to regret greatly the loss of. — okutmak /a/ colloq. (for s.o. unpleasant) to make one wish that (his/her predecessor) had never left: Bu yeni patron, Rahmi Bey’e rahmet okuttu. This new boss has made us rue the day Rahmi Bey left. — yağmak colloq. for rain to fall, rahmetli (Strictly speaking, this word applies only to Muslims.) 1. the late ..., ..., now departed. 2. the deceased. — olmak to die, pass away, go to one’s glory, rahmetlik see rahmetli, rahne obs. 1. breach; gap; fissure. 2. gash, wound. 3. damage, harm, rahvan 1. amble (an easy, four-beat gait). 2. ambling (horse). — gitmek/yürümek (for a horse) to go at an amble, amble, rakam 1. digit, numeral. 2. number, figure (containing one or more digits), rakamlı (a number) which contains (so many) digits.
raket, -ti 1. racket (used in tennis/badminton/ f ping-pong). 2. snowshoe. raki raki, arrack. — âlemi colloq. drinking party (with raki as the main drink), rakıcı 1. maker/seller of raki. 2. someone who likes raki. 3. (s.o.) who likes raki. rakım (—.) elevation, altitude (of a point on the earth’s surface), rakik, -ki (.—) obs. 1. slender; delicate. 2.
   gentle, tenderhearted, rakip 1. (a) rival. 2. rival (person/thing). — ölsün de ne yüzden ölürse ölsün, proverb When a person has a rival, his/her chief concern is to eliminate him/her by hook or by crook, rakipsiz unrivaled.
rakit (—.) obs. still/motionless/stagnant (water), rakkas pendulum.
rakkase (.—.) obs. dancing girl, belly dancer, rakor 1. fitting used to connect two pieces of pipe; pipe union; sleeve, sleeve coupling. 2. short piece of connective piping (made of copper/rubber/plastic). raks obs. 1. dancing, dance (usually used of belly dancing). 2. phys. oscillation, raksetme (/..) doing a belly dance; dancing, raksetmek (/..) to do a belly dance; to dance, rakun zool. raccoon, racoon, Procyon lotor. ralanti auto., see rölanti, ralli (automobile) rally.
ram (—) used in: — etmek /i/ to subjugate, master. — olmak /a/ to submit, yield (to), give in (to), ramak, -ki used in: — kalmak /a/ almost to
   happen: Patronun onu sepetlemesine ramak kaldı. The boss came within an inch of sacking him.
Ramazan Ramazan, Ramadan (the ninth month in the Muslim year and the time when Muslims fast between dawn and sunset). — bayramı the three-day feast at the end of Ramazan, the Lesser Bairam. — bereketli aydır, ama duvardan giden kılıca sor (demişler). proverb Sometimes people have to sell precious belongings in order to have enough money to celebrate Ramazan. — keyfi colloq. bad temper caused by fasting, ramazaniyelik (..— ...) obs. food bought/prepared for use during Ramazan, ramazanlık 1. (food) bought/prepared for use during Ramazan. 2. food bought/prepared for use during Ramazan, rami 1. bot. ramie, China grass, Boehmeria. 2.
                                                            ramie, ramie hemp, China grass (the fiber), ramp, -pi theat. proscenium, forestage, apron.
   —   ışıkları footlights. — ışığına çıkarmak hi to stage, put on (a play).
rampa (/.) 1. incline, slope, grade (in a road or construction site). 2. loading ramp. 3. ramp (used as an accessor exit to a freeway, used to connect two thoroughfares). 4. naut. (a ship’s) going alongside (another ship or a quay). 5. naut. (a ship’s) boarding (an enemy’s ship) (in battle). 6. colloq. sidling up to. — etmek /a/ 1. naut. (for a ship) to go alongside (another ship or a quay). 2. naut. (for a ship) to board (an enemy’s ship) (in battle). 3. colloq. to sidle up to. 4. slang (for a freeloader) to latch onto (a table where drinking is in progress)/ rampalamak /a/ 1. naut. (for a ship) to go alongside (another ship or a quay). 2. naut. (for a ship) to board (an enemy’s ship) (in battle). 3. colloq. to sidle up to. 4. slang (for a freeloader) to latch onto (a table where drinking is in progress), randa (/.) naut. spanker, randevu appointment, engagement, rendezvous.
   —   almak /dan/ to get an appointment (with/ from). — su olmak to have an appointment.
   —   vermek /a/ to make an appointment (with); to give (s.o.) an appointment.
randevucu person who operates an unlicensed brothel.
randevuevi, -ni (../..) unlicensed brothel, randıman yield, production, output, randımanlı productive, randımansız unproductive, rant, -ti econ. unearned income, rantabilite econ. profitability, rantabl econ. profitable, rantiye econ. rentier, person who lives on unearned income, ranza (.".) 1. bunk bed. 2. berth (for sleeping, on a ship/a train), rapido (./.) a drawing pen. rapidograf see rapido.
 rapor                                            711
                             rapor report. — yazmak to write a report, raporcu 1. person responsible for writing a report, reporter. 2. colloq. informer, spy. raporlu 1. (s.o.) who is excused from work temporarily for medical reasons, on sick leave.
    2. slang mentally abnormal, cracked, raportör person responsible for writing a report, reporter.
rappadak (/..) colloq. suddenly, all of a sudden, rap rap (/ .) striking the pavement/ground smartly (as do marching feet), rapsodi mus. rhapsody.
rapt, -ti obs. connecting, tying together; attaching, fastening; binding; making fast, raptedilme (/...) being fastened, being attached, raptedilmek (/...) to be fastened, be attached, raptetme (/..) lif fastening, attaching, raptetmek (/..) hi to fasten, attach, raptiye thumbtack, Brit, drawing pin. raptiyeleme hi thumbtacking, fastening (s.t.)
    with a thumbtack, raptiyelemek III to thumbtack, fasten (s.t.) with a thumbtack, raptiyelenme being thumbtacked. raptiyelenmek to be thumbtacked. rasat astronomical/meteorological observation, rasathane (..—.) observatory; meteorological station.
rasgele (/..) 1. at random, haphazardly; desultorily. 2. by chance. 3. an old ..., any ... whatsoever; very ordinary, unexceptional. R—! colloq. Good luck! rasit (—.) obs. observer, raspa (/.) 1. scraper (tool for scraping off old paint/rust). 2. slang gluttony, making a pig of o.s. — etmek hi 1. to scrape the paint/ rust off (a surface). 2. to holystone (a deck).
    —  taşı holystone (used for scrubbing a ship’s decks).
raspacı (/..) 1. scraper (person). 2. slang gluttonous, piggish. 3. slang glutton, pig. raspalama 1. hi scraping the paint/the rust off (a surface). 2. /a/ slang sidling up to (s.o.). raspalamak 1. hi to scrape the paint/the rust off (a surface). 2. 12d slang to sidle up to (s.o.).
raspalanma (of a surface) being cleaned of paint/rust with a scraper, raspalanmak (for a surface) to be cleaned of paint/rust with a scraper.
*rast used in: — gelinmek /a/ impersonal passive 1. to meet by chance, chance upon (s.o.).
    2. to come across, meet with, encounter, find.
    —  gelmek 1. /a/ to meet by chance, chance upon (s.o.). 2. /a/ to come across, meet with, encounter, find. 3. /a/ (for s.t. unexpected) to come (one’s) way, come to (s.o.). 4. /a/
    (for s.t.) to hit (a target). 5. (for s.t.) to turn out as one had hoped it would. 6. /a/ to coincide with, occur at the same time as. 7.
    /a/ (for s.t.) to be at the same level as (s.t. else), be on a line with (s.t. else): Badem ağacının üst dalları pencereme rast geli-
                                                                                            rasyonalist
    yordu. The topmost branches of the almond tree were on a level with my window. — getirmek hi 1. to find suddenly (s.o./s.t. one has long been searching for). 2. to choose (the right time to do s.t.); to approach, collar, or get hold of (s.o.) (at the right time, in the right setting). 3. to shoot/throw (s.t.) so that it hits the target. 4. (for God) to allow (s.t.) to succeed. — gitmek (for s.t.) to go well, go smoothly.
2rast, -ti classical Turk. mus. a makam, rastık 1. kohl (used to darken the eyebrows/ hair). 2. black-colored smut (a plant disease).
   —      çekmek /a/ to put kohl on (the eyebrows/ hair). — mürekkep India ink. — taşı stone rich in antimony, rastlama /a/ 1. meeting by chance, chancing upon (s.o.). 2. coming across, meeting with, encountering, finding. 3. (of s.t.) hitting (a target). 4. coinciding with, occurring at the same time as. 5. (of s.t.) being at the same level as (s.t. else), being on a line with (s.t. else).
rastlamak /a/ 1. to meet by chance, chance upon (s.o.). 2. to come across, meet with, encounter, find. 3. (for s.t.) to hit (a target). 4. to coincide with, occur at the same time as. 5. (for s.t.) to be at the same level as (s.t. else), be on a line with (s.t. else): Atm ağzı ense köküme rastlıyordu. The horse’s mouth was right at the nape of my neck, rastlanma /a/ 1. meeting by chance, chancing upon (s.o.). 2. coming across, encountering, meeting with, finding, rastlanmak /a/ impersonal passive 1. to meet by chance, chance upon (s.o.). 2. to come across, encounter, meet with, find, rastlantı chance, accident, fortuitous event; coincidence. —yla by chance, by accident, fortuitously; by coincidence, rastlantısal chance, accidental, fortuitous; coincidental.
rastlaşma 1. meeting by chance, chancing upon each other. 2. coinciding, happening at the same time.
rastlaşmak 1. to meet by chance, chance upon each other. 2. to coincide, happen at the same time.
rastlatma /ı, a/ 1. causing (s.o.) to encounter or come across (s.o./s.t.). 2. causing (s.t.) to hit (a target). 3. causing (s.t.) to coincide with (s.t. else); causing (two things) to happen at (the same time). 4. causing (s.t.) to be at the same level as (s.t. else), causing (s.t.) to be on a line with (s.t. else), rastlatmak /ı, a/ 1. to cause (s.o.) to encounter or come across (s.o./s.t.). 2. to cause (s.t.) to hit (a target). 3. to cause (s.t.) to coincide with (s.t. else); to cause (two things) to happen at (the same time). 4. to cause (s.t.) to be at the same level as (s.t. else), cause (s.t.) to be on a line with (s.t. else), rasyonalist, -ti 1. (a) rationalist. 2. rationalist,
rasyonalite
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   rationalistic, rasyonalite rationality, rasyonalizasyon rationalization, rasyonalizm rationalism, rasyonel rational, based on reason. — sayı math, rational number.
Raşidin (—.—) the Rightly-Guided Caliphs (Abu Bekr, Omar, Othman, and Ali). raşitik path, rickety, rachitic, raşitizm path, rickets, rachitis, ratanya (./.) bot. rhatany, Krameria. raunt (a) round (in a boxing match), ravent (—.) bot. rhubarb, Rheum officinale. ravnt see raunt.
ray (railway/streetcar) rail; track. — dan/—m-dan çıkmak colloq. (for s.t.) to go haywire, go awry, get balled up. — a/—ma girmek colloq. (for s.t.) to begin to go smoothly. —a/—ma oturtmak/sokmak h! colloq. to set (s.t.) to rights, make (a job) go smoothly.
raya (-------) see reaya.
rayiç (—.) econ. 1. market value, current value. 2. salable, marketable, in demand. 3. current, general, in common use. — fiyat market price, current price, rayiha (—fragrance, sweet smell, rayihalı (—...) fragrant, sweet-scented, razakı a large, sweet, thick-skinned, white grape.
razı (—.) willing, ready. — etmek /ı, a/ to get Çs.o.) to agree to (s.t./do s.t.). — gelmek /a/ to agree (to), consent (to). — olmak /a/ to be willing to; to agree (to), consent (to).
Rb chem. Rb (rubidium).
Re chem. Re (rhenium), re mus. 1. D. 2. re. reaksiyon reaction, reaktör reactor.
realist, -ti 1. (a) realist. 2. realistic, realist, realite reality, realizm realism, reanimasyon med. reanimation, reasürans fin. reinsurance, reassurance, reaya (.— —) 1. the raya, the ray ah, the non -Muslim subjects of the Ottoman sultan. 2. Christian subject of the Sultan, Christian, raya, rayah.
rebap rebab, a stringed instrument, the sounding box of which is made from a coconut shell. Rebiyülâhır (./.— .) Rabi II (the fourth month of the Muslim calendar).
Rebiyülevvel (./...) Rabi I (the third month of the Muslim calendar).
Recep Rajab (the seventh month of the Muslim calendar), recim, -cmi stoning (s.o.) to death, recmetme (/..) /i/ stoning (s.o.) to death, recmetmek (/..) /i/ to stone (s.o.) to death, reçel syrupy jam; preserves; marmalade, reçellik (fruit) suitable for making jam/preserves.
reçete (./.) 1. (doctor’s) prescription. 2. recipe.
   —   yazmamak /a/ slang to consider (s.t.) un-
                                             important, reçine (./.) resin.
reçineleştirme /ı/ resinifying, converting (s.t.)
   into resin, resinification. reçineleştirmek hi to resinify, convert (s.t.) into resin.
reçineli (./..) resinous.
redaksiyon preparing a piece of writing for publication, redaction, editing, redaktör someone who prepares a piece of writing for publication, redactor, editor, reddedilme (/...) 1. being refused, being declined; being rejected. 2. repudiation (of a debt). 3. (of s.o.) being disowned, being repudiated, being cast off. 4. being claimed that (s.t.) is untrue, reddedilmek (/...) 1. to be refused, be declined; to be rejected. 2. (for a debt) to be repudiated. 3. (for s.o.) to be disowned, be repudiated, be cast off. 4. to be claimed that (s.t.) is untrue.
reddetme (/..) /ı/ 1. refusing, declining; rejecting. 2. refusing to acknowledge. 3. repudiating (a debt). 4. disowning, repudiating, casting (s.o.) off. 5. claiming that (s.t.) is untrue.
reddetmek (/..) Ill 1. to refuse, decline; to reject. 2. to refuse to acknowledge. 3. to repudiate (a debt). 4. to disown, repudiate, cast (s.o.) off. 5. to claim that (s.t.) is untrue, redingot, -tu frock coat, redoks chem. redox, oxidation-reduction. reeksport, -tu reexportation, reexport, reel real.
reeskont, -tu fin. rediscount.
refah 1. easy circumstances, affluence and ease.
   2. prosperity, refakat, -ti (.—-.) 1. companionship, acting as a companion to; escorting; accompanying. 2. mus. accompanying, accompaniment, —inde Iml in the company of; escorted by; accompanied by. — etmek /a/ 1. to accompany; to escort. 2. to act as a companion for (s.o.). 3. mus. to accompany. — gemisi escort vessel, escort.
                              refakatçi (.—..) 1. someone (not on the hospital staff) who stays with a patient while he’s/ she’s in the hospital. 2. paid companion, referandum (../.) pol. referendum, referans good letter of recommendation, refer-.ence.
refetme (/..) /ı/ obs. 1. raising, lifting up. 2.
   doing away with, abolishing, refetmek (/..) /ı/ obs. 1. to raise, lift up. 2. to do away with, abolish, refik, -ki (.—) 1. companion; associate, partner. 2. husband.
refika (.—.) 1. wife. 2. (female) companion/ partner/associate. refleks physiol, reflex; reflex action; reflex act. reflektör reflector, reform reform; reformation, reformcu 1. (a) reformer, (a) reformist. 2. re-
reformculuk
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    formist, reformistle, reformculuk reformism, refüj pedestrian refuge, safety island, traffic island (in a street/a road), refüze used in: — etmek hi to refuse, turn down. — olmak to be refused, be turned down.
regaip (.—.) Islam the first Friday in the month of Rajab. — gecesi the night preceding the first Friday in the month of Rajab, regarded as the anniversary of the conception of the Prophet Muhammad. — kandili the religious celebration held on the night preceding the first Friday in the month of Rajab, commemorating the conception of the Prophet Muhammad, regl menstruation, period, reglan 1. raglan (sleeve). 2. raglan coat, raglan. regülatör mech. regulator, rehabilitasyon med. rehabilitation, rehavet, -ti (.—.) languor, lassitude. — basmak/çökmek to be overcome by languor/ drowsiness.
rehber 1. guide. 2. tourist guide, guide. 3. guidebook. 4. directory; telephone directory.
    —  öğretmen guidance counselor, teacher who advises students about their personal problems.
rehberlik 1. being a guide; guiding. 2. education being a guidance counselor; guidance.
    —  etmek /a/ to guide.
rehin security, collateral, pledge, guaranty; pawn, —den çıkarmak hi see rehinden kurtarmak. — etmek hi to give (s.t.) as security for a loan; to mortgage. — e koymak hi to pawn, hock, —den kurtarmak hi to redeem (s.t. pledged/mortgaged); to get (s.t.) out of hock, rehine (.—.) hostage.
reis 1. person in charge, leader, head, chief; chairman; president. 2. skipper (of a small fishing boat), reisicumhur (./...) president (of a republic), reislik 1. being a chief/a leader/a chairman/a president. 2. chieftaincy; leadership; chairmanship; presidency. 3. being the skipper of a small fishing boat. — etmek to act as chief/leader/chairman/president; to preside. Rejans the Regency, the Regency period (in French history). — üslubu the Regency style (in art/architecture/furniture), rejenerasyon biol. regeneration, reji 1. formerly the Regie, the Turkish Tobacco Monopoly. 2. thecit., cin. directing, direction, rejim 1. regime, system of government. 2. med. diet, regimen. 3. meteorology regime. 4. regime (of a river). 5. (a machine’s) manner of functioning, operation. — yapmak to diet, be on a diet, rejisör theat., cin. director, rejisörlük theat., cin. being a director; directing, rekabet, -ti (.—.) 1. rivalry, competition, competing. 2. jealousy. — etmek /a/ to rival;
    /la/ to compete against, vie with, rekâket, -ti (.—.) obs. speech defect; stutter; stammer.
rekât, -ti Islam a series of ritual movements which form a part of the namaz, reklam 1. (an) advertisement. 2. advertising (of s.t.). — ajansı advertising agency, —mı yapmak hnl to advertise, reklamcı person in the advertising business, reklamcılık advertising, the advertising business.
rekolte (./.) econ., com. harvest, crop, rekor sports record. — kırmak to break a record, rekorcu see rekortmen, rekortmen sports person who has broken a record, record-breaker; record-holder, rektör rector, president (of a university), rektörlük rectorate/rectorship/presidency (of a university), rektum anat. rectum.
rekzetme (/..) hi obs. setting up, erecting, rekzetmek (/..) hi obs. to set up, erect, relöve see rölöve.
remil, -mli geomancy (by means of lines/figures in sand). — atmak/dökmek to try to make a prediction by looking at lines/figures in sand.
remilci geomancer (who divines by looking at lines/figures in sand), remiz, -mzi 1. sign, symbol (as one used in a code or code-like system). 2. pseudonym, alias. 3. hint, veiled reference, allusion, remork, -ku see römork, remorkör see römorkör, ren zool., see rengeyiği. renar 1. fox fur, fox, made of fox. 2. fur piece or garment made of fox. — arjante silver fox, made of silver fox. rencide (.—.) offended, hurt, injured, wounded.
    —  etmek h! to hurt (s.o.’s feelings); cause (s.o.) pain. — olmak (for one’s feelings) to be hurt; to be offended/injured.
rençper 1. farmhand or unskilled construction worker (who works by the day). 2. farmer.
    —  kırk yılda, tüccar kırk günde, proverb A merchant can make as much money in forty days as a day laborer makes in forty years.
rençperlik being a farmhand or unskilled con: struction worker; the work of a farmhand or unskilled construction worker, rende 1. (carpenter’s) plane. 2. grater (used to grate food). 3. grated food: havuç rendesi grated carrot, rendeleme III 1. planing (wood). 2. grating (food).
rendelemek hi 1. to plane (wood). 2. to grate (food).
rendelenme 1. planing (of wood). 2. grating (of food).
rendelenmek 1. (for wood) to be planed. 2. (for food) to be grated.
rendeli
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                                                         rendeli planed, (wood) which has been planed, rengârenk, -gi (/—.) colorful, multicolored, varicolored, rengeyiği, -ni (/...) zool. reindeer, Rangifer. renk, -gi 1. color; hue; coloring. 2. color, character, quality, tone, complexion. 3. colloq. (s.o.’s) true colors; (s.o.’s) true nature; (s.o.’s) true opinions/beliefs. — almak (for s.t.) to acquire (a certain) color. —-i atmak colloq.
   1. (for s.t.’s color) to.fade. 2. (for s.o.) to go pale. — ayrımı color separation, —ini belli etmek colloq. to show one’s true colors, —ini belli etmemek colloq., see renk vermemek. —i belli olmamak colloq. for one’s true nature/opinions/beliefs to remain unknown or as yet undisclosed. cümbüşü colloq. array of bright colors. — i çalık colloq. faded, discolored. — i çalmak /a/ colloq. (for one color) to verge on (another), have (a specified) cast. — i kaçmak colloq. 1. (for s.t.’s color) to fade. 2. (for s.o.) to go pale.
   —      katmak /a/1. to make (s.t.) colorful, add color to. 2. colloq. to liven up, enliven, add spice and zest to; to make (s.t.) more amusing/interesting; to give (s.t.) a touch of novelty. — renk colorful, multicolored, varicolored. —ten renge girmek colloq. (for s.o.) to go all shades of red/purple, flush deeply (from embarrassment). — i uçmak 1. (for s.t.’s color) to fade. 2. colloq. (for s.o.) to go pale. — vermek /a/ 1. to make (s.t.) colorful, add color to. 2. colloq. to liven up, enliven, add spice and zest to; to make (s.t.) more amusing/interesting; to give (s.t.) a touch of novelty. 3. colloq. to show one’s true colors. — vermemek colloq. 1. to keep one’s true thoughts and feelings to o.s., not to show one’s true colors. 2. to act as if one is unaware of something, feign ignorance, renkbilim (/..) colorimetry, renkçi colorist, artist who excels in the use of color.
                                                         renkgideren chem. (a) decolorant, (a) bleach, renkkörlüğü, -nü (/...) path, color blindness;
   achromatopia; daltonism, renkkörü, -nü (/..) color-blind (person), renkküre (/..) astr. chromosphere, renkleme III making (s.t.) colorful, adding color to.
renklemek hi to make (s.t.) colorful, add color to.
renklendirme 111 1. making (s.t.) colorful, adding color to. 2. colloq. livening up, enlivening, adding spice and zest to; making (s.t.) more amusing/interesting; giving (s.t.) a touch of novelty, renklendirmek hi 1. to make (s.t.) colorful, add color to. 2. colloq. to liven up, enliven, add spice and zest to; to make (s.t.) more amusing/interesting; to give (s.t.) a touch of novelty.
renklenme 1. becoming colorful. 2. colloq. taking on a lively note; becoming more amus-
   ing/interesting; being given a touch of novelty.
renklenmek 1. to become colorful. 2. colloq. to take on a lively note; to become more amusing/interesting; to be given a touch of novelty.
renkli 1. colored. 2. colorful; brightly colored; vivid. 3. colloq. colorful, lively, amusing, interesting. — basin see boyalı basm. — film color film. — fotoğraf color photograph. — işitme psych, color hearing. — televizyon color television, color TV. renklilik 1. colorfulness; vividness. 2. colloq. colorfulness, liveliness, amusing/interesting quality.
renkölçer (/..) chem. colorimeter, renkölçüm (/..) chem. colorimetry, renkseçmezlik path, color blindness, renksemez achromatic (lens), renkser chromatic (lens), renksiz 1. colorless; uncolored; achromatic. 2. pale; faded. 3. colloq. nondescript, lackluster, characterless, toneless, styleless. 4. colloq. (s.o.) who has no particular opinions concerning a matter; (s.o.) who conceals his/her true opinions/beliefs about a matter, renksizlik 1. colorlessness, lack of color; achro-maticity. 2. paleness; fadedness. 3. colloq. nondescriptness, lackluster, lack of style or distinctive character. 4. colloq. having no particular opinions about something; concealing one’s true opinions/beliefs about something, renkteş homochromous, of the same color, renkteşlik zool. homochromy, protective coloration.
renkyuvan, -m astr. chromosphere.
renyum (/.) chem. rhenium.
reomür Reaumur thermometer.
reorganizasyon reorganization, reorganizing.
reosta (./.) elec. rheostat.
repertuvar repertoire, repertory.
replik 1. theat. rejoinder, answer to a reply. 2.
   theat. cue. 3. law replication, repo (/.) fin. repurchasing agreement, reprezantabl 1. performable (play). 2. presentable (person), repriz 1. darning (a garment). 2. darn, darned place. 3. mus. (a) repeat. — etmek hi to dam (s.t.).
reprodüksiyon see rÖprodüksiyon. re’sen (—'.) obs. on one’s own account, on one’s own initiative; independently, without conferring with others, resepsiyon 1. reception (formal party usually given by a government agency). 2. reception desk (in a hotel/an office), reseptör 1. elec. receiver; receiving set. 2. anat.
   receptor, sense organ, resif geol. reef.
resim, -smi 1. picture; drawing; illustration; painting; fresco; mosaic; print; photograph. 2. art of drawing/painting pictures; painting; drawing. 3. tax, duty, impost. 4. (a) cere-
resimci
715
reverans
   mony. —ini çekmek Iml to photograph, take a picture of. — dersi art lesson. —i geçit (ceremonial) parade, procession; mil. review.
   —   gibi colloq. very beautiful. — öğretmeni art teacher. ...nin — idir certain, sure, inevitable: İşi kaytarmaya devam edersen sepetlendiğinin resmidir. If you keep on gold-bricking, you’re sure to be fired. — yapmak to draw/paint a picture/pictures; to draw; to paint.
resimci 1. photographer. 2. art teacher. 3. seller /of pictures. 4. artist; illustrator, resimleme /ı/ illustrating (a book), resimlemek III to illustrate (a book), resimlendirme hi see resimleme, resimlendirmek h! see resimlemek, resimlenme (of a book) being illustrated, resimlenmek (for a book) to be illustrated, resimli illustrated. — roman comic, comic strip; comic book, resimlik 1. picture frame. 2. photograph album, resimyazi (./..) hieroglyphic writing, hieroglyphic, hieroglyphics; picture writing, resital, -li mus., dance recital, resitatif mus. recitative, recitativo (vocal passage).
                                                             resmen (/.) 1. officially, formally, with official authorization. 2. officially; in an official capacity; (s.t.) done by the government or a government agency. 3. colloq. truly, really, resmetme (/..) h! 1. drawing (s.o.’s/s.t.’s) picture. 2. delineating; depicting; representing, resmetmek (/..) h! 1. to draw (s.o.’s/s.t.’s) picture. 2. to delineate; to depict; to represent, resmi (.—) 1. official, government, pertaining to the government or to a government office. 2. official, authorized. 3. formal, official, ceremonious. — dil official language, legally recognized language (of a country). — elbise mil. uniform. R— Gazete The Official Gazette (a government journal that publishes various actions taken by the state), resmilik (.—.) 1. formality, ceremony; seriousness. 2. officiality, official tone; officialism, resmiyet, -ti 1. formality, ceremony; seriousness. 2. officiality, official tone; officialism, (işi) — e dökmek 1. to make an established situation official, officialize (s.t.). 2. to adopt an official manner/tone, ressam artist, painter.
ressamlık being an artist; painting (as a profession).
rest, -ti all the money one has left to stake (in poker). — çekmek 1. poker to stake all one’s money on one gamble. 2. colloq. to set forth one’s final opinion in scathing terms, restitiie used in: — etmek hi 1. to reassemble/ reconstruct (a building) as it originally was. 2. to draw the plan of (a building) as it originally was.
restitüsyon 1. reassembling (a building which is a total ruin or which has ceased to exist) as it originally was; restoring (an old build-
   ing) to its original shape. 2. plan according to which a building is reassembled/reconstructed.
resto (/.) slang That’s enough!/Stop! restoran restaurant.
restorasyon restoration (of a building), restore used in: — etmek hi to restore (a building).
resul, -lü (.—) prophet (sent by God). Resulullah (.—..) the Messenger of God, the Prophet (the Prophet Muhammad), resülmal, -li (-—.—) obs., econ. capital.
Reşat 1. Sultan Reshad. 2. gold coin (minted during the reign of Sultan Reshad). — altını gold coin (minted during the reign of Sultan Reshad).
reşit (s.o.) who has come of age, who has reached the age of discretion, of full legal age. — olmak to come of age, become of full legal age. ret, -ddi 1. refusal, rejection. 2. repudiation, disowning. 3. declaring (s.t.) to be untrue.
   —      hakkı veto, veto power, retina anat. retina, retorik rhetoric.
retrospektif 1. retrospective exhibition, retrospective (of an artist). 2. retrospective (exhibition), retuş see rötuş, retuşçu see rötuşçu, retuşlu see rötuşlu.
Reunyon Reunion.
                              reva (.—) suitable; /a/ worthy of, befitting. — görmek /ı, a/ to regard (s.t. bad) as being fitting for (s.o.): Bana bunu mu reva gördün? Did you deem me worthy of this? revaç 1. marketability, salability, sales appeal. 2. market price, current price. — ta olmak (— bulmak) to have a ready market, be in demand; to be popular, be in vogue, revaçlı readily marketable, in demand; popular, revaçsız unsalable, unmarketable, not in demand; unpopular, revak, -ki 1. porch, portico, arcade (usually domed, located on the front of a mosque, sometimes encloses a mosque courtyard). 2. gallery; portico; porch; arcade; colonnade; cloister; loggia.
Revaki (.------) obs., phil. 1. (a) Stoic. 2. Stoic,
   of the Stoics.
Revakiye (.—..) obs., phil. Stoicism, revakli porched; porticoed; arcaded; galleried;
   colonnaded; having a cloister/a loggia, revalüasyon fin. revaluation, revan (.—) obs. that goes, that moves along; flowing, going easily. — olmak /a/ to set off (on a journey), revani (.—.) a sweet made with semolina, revanici (.— ..) maker/seller of revani, revanicilik (.— ...) making/selling revani, revanş see rövanş, revendük, -kü a heavy cotton cloth, reverans 1. curtsy, curtsey. 2. bow. — yapmak
reveyon
 716
 Rifai
   /a/ 1. to curtsy (to), drop (s.o.) a curtsy. 2. to bow (to), make a bow (to) (s.o.). reveyon New Year’s Eve party, revir infirmary, sick bay (in a school/an army post/a factory, on a ship), revize used in: — etmek hi to revise, revizyon 1. overhaul and repair (of a machine/ a vehicle/a ship). 2. reconsideration, reexamination; revision, —dan geçirmek hi mech. to overhaul, give (s.t.) an overhaul, —dan geçmek slang to be hospitalized, revizyoncu see revizyonist, revizyonculuk see revizyonizm. revizyonist, -ti 1. (a) revisionist. 2. revisionist, revizyonizm revisionism, revnak, -ki obs. brightness; brilliance; sparkle; eye-catching beauty. — bulmak to acquire brilliance, acquire an eye-catching beauty, revolver revolver (a gun). — topu cartridge cylinder, cylinder (of a revolver), revü theat. 1. revue, review^ 2. group of performers who put on a revue, rey 1. vote. 2. opinion, view. —e koymak hi to put (s.t.) to a vote, reye 1. striped (cloth). 2. made of striped cloth, striped, reyhan bot., see fesleğen.
’reyon department (within a department store). 2reyon rayon (a textile), reyting, -gi (/.) TV, radio rating, rezalet, -ti (.—.) 1. disgrace, scandal, outrage, crying shame. 2. colloq. disgraceful, scandalous, shocking, outrageous, awful. — çıkarmak to cause a scandal, create a scandal; to do something disgraceful. — çıkmak for something disgraceful to happen.
’reze 1. pintle hinge; hook-and-eye hinge, gate hinge. 2. hasp (for a padlock). 3. spring latch, thumb latch, thumb lock. — dişisi part of a hinge that fits over the pintle/hook. — erkeği pintle, hook. — yuvası socket, eye (into which the pintle fits).
2reze prov. fine sawdust/filings, rezede bot. dyer’s rocket, dyer’s mignonette, weld, Reseda luteola. rezedeçiçeği, -ni (../...) bot., see rezede, rezeksiyon surg. resection, rezeleme hi latching (a door fitted with a spring latch).
rezelemek hi to latch (a door fitted with a spring latch), rezelenme (of a door fitted with a spring latch) being latched, rezelenmek (for a door fitted with a spring latch) to be latched, rezeli 1. fitted with pintle hinges;^fitted with hook-and-eye hinges. 2. fitted with a spring latch, fitted with a thumb latch, rezene bot. fennel, Foeniculum vulgare. rezerv reserve (of money/petroleum/ore). rezervasyon reservation, reserving/booking a place (in a hotel/a theater/a restaurant). — yapmak to make a reservation.
rezerve reserved. — etmek III to reserve (a seat, a room, etc.). rezervuar 1. reservoir. 2. flush box, flush tank (of a toilet), rezil disgraceful, scandalous, shocking, outrageous, awful. — etmek hi to disgrace. — olmak to be disgraced. — rüsva olmak for one’s dirty laundry to be made public, for the things one is ashamed of to be made public; to be greatly disgraced, rezilce 1. rather disgraceful, rather scandalous.
   2.    (./.) (behaving) disgracefully/scandalously, rezillik 1. disgracefulness, scandalousness. 2.
   disgrace, scandal, outrage, crying shame, rezistans 1. phys. resistance. 2. heating element, rezonans phys. resonance, rezüme resume.
Rh chem. Rh (rhodium), nh colored sand (used to dry ink), rıhdan sandbox, sand bottle (used to sprinkle sand on wet ink), rıhtım quay; wharf; dock; pier, nka a widely used style of Arabic handwriting, rıza (.—) 1. consent, assent, approval. 2. choice, volition. 3. acceptance (of the will of God). —sını almak /m/ to get (s.o.’s) consent. — göstermek /a/ to consent (to), rızk, -ki 1. (one’s) daily bread; food. 2. food (created by God for all living things), —mi çıkarmak to earn a living, earn a livelihood, earn one’s daily bread, riayet, -ti (.—.) 1. respect, esteem; consideration, regard; deference. 2. compliance, conformance, observance, obeying. 3. obs. hospitality. — etmek /a/ 1. to comply with; to observe; to defer to. 2. to respect, show respect for; to show consideration for. 3. obs. to show hospitality to. riayeten (.— '..) /a/ 1. out of respect for; in deference to. 2. in compliance with, complying with; observing, riayetkâr (.— ..) 1. respectful; considerate; deferential. 2. /a/ (s.o.) who complies with, riayetsiz (.— ..) 1. disrespectful; inconsiderate.
    2.    /a/ (s.o.) who doesn’t comply with, riayetsizlik (.— ...) 1. disrespect; lack of consideration. 2. noncompliance; nonobservance, rica (.—) request, —da bulunmak /a/ to make a request (of) (s.o.); to ask a favor (of) (s.o.). R— ederim! 1. Not at all!/Please don’t mention it!/Please! (said in reply to an expression of thanks). 2. Please don’t say such a thing!/ Please! (said when s.o. either criticizes himself/herself or praises you). — etmek /i, dan/ to request (s.t.) of (s.o.); to request (s.o.) (to do s.t.).
ricacı (.—.) person who makes a request on behalf of someone else, go-between, rical, -li (.—) obs. men of importance; high officials, dignitaries, ricat, -ti retreat (as of an army). — etmek to retreat.
Rifai (.— —) see Rufai.
rika
 717
romantik
rika see rika.
rikkat, -ti obs. 1. compassion, pity; mercy. 2. tenderness, gentleness. 3. fineness, delicacy.
    —e gelmek 1. to be moved with pity. 2. to be filled with a feeling of tenderness. — e getirmek l\l 1. to move (s.o.), make (s.o.) feel pity. 2. to fill (s.o.) with a feeling of tenderness.
rikkatli obs. 1. compassionate; merciful. 2. kind, gentle, tender, rimel (a) cosmetic for the eyelashes, mascara, rimelleme /i/ applying mascara to, mascaraing (the eyelashes), rimellemek hi to apply mascara to, mascara (the eyelashes), rimelli mascaraed (eyelash), rina (/.) zool. gray skate, Raja batis. ring, -gi 1. sports boxing ring. 2. circular route (followed by a ship), ringa (/.) zool. herring, Clupea harengus. rinit, -ti path, rhinitis.
rint 1. someone who is free-living and unconventional, and yet also moral. 2. (s.o.) who is free-living and unconventional, and yet also moral.
risale (.—.) 1. treatise, pamphlet/small book containing a treatise. 2. booklet; pamphlet, risk, -ki risk, ritim, -tmi rhythm, ritmik rhythmic.
rivayet, -ti (.— .) 1. rumor, hearsay. 2. relating, passing on (s.t. heard from s.o. else). — birleşik zamanı gram, a verb form modified by the addition of -miş to show that the speaker infers that the action has happened, is happening, or will happen. — etmek hi to relate, pass on (s.t. heard from s.o. else), riya (.—) 1. hypocrisy; false, outward show. 2.
                                                           sanctimoniousness, sanctimony, pharisaism. riyakâr (.— —) 1. hypocrite. 2. hypocritical.
    3. pharisaical person. 4. sanctimonious, Pharisaical.
riyakârlık (.— —.) 1. hypocrisy. 2. sanctimoniousness, pharisaism. riyal, -li 1. riyal, rial (monetary unit of Saudi Arabia). 2. rial (monetary unit of Iran and Yemen), riyala (./.) hist, rear admiral, riyaset, -ti (.—.) obs. headship; presidency;
    chairmanship. — etmek /a/ to preside (over), riyaseticumhur (.—....) obs. presidency (of a republic).
riyasız (.—.) 1. free of hypocrisy, open, sincere, genuine. 2. free of sanctimoniousness/phari-saism.
riyazet, -ti (.—.) asceticism, mortification of the flesh.
riyazi (.-----) obs. mathematical.
riyaziye (.—..) obs. mathematics, riyaziyeci (.—...) obs. mathematician, riyolit, -ti geol. rhyolitö, liparite, riziko (./.) risk.
Rn chem. Rn (radon).
roba (/.) 1. yoke (of a garment). 2. obs. (woman’s) dress, robalı (/..) (garment) which has a yoke, robdöşambr (man’s) dressing gown, bathrobe, rober (a) rubber (in bridge/whist), robot, -tu robot, robotlaşma becoming a robot, robotlaşmak to become a robot, robotlaştırma hi robotizing, turning (s.o.) into a robot.
robotlaştırmak hi to robotize, turn (s.o.) into a robot.
robotluk robotism, moving/behaving like a robot.
roda (/.) naut. coil of rope. —- etmek hi to coil (a rope), rodaj mech. breaking in, running in (a new motor).
rodeo (./.) rodeo (a public performance). Rodos (/.) 1. Rhodes. 2. Rhodian, of Rhodes. Rodoslu (.'..) 1. (a) Rhodian. 2. Rhodian (person).
rodyum (/.) chem. rhodium, roka (/.) bot. garden rocket, rocket, Eruca sativa. — salatası salad made of rocket leaves.
rokay rocaille, rococo (building/decoration), roket, -ti 1. rocket (a missile, often used as a weapon). 2. rocket ship, roketatar bazooka.
rokfor (/.) Roquefort cheese, Roquefort. — peyniri see rokfor. rokoko (./.) 1. rococo (building/decoration). 2.
    the rococo style, rol, -lü role, role, part. — almak to have a part, have a role (in a play); to perform (in a play).
    —     kesmek colloq. to put on an act, pretend, playact, have someone on. —ü olmak /m, da/ to be involved in, have a part in, play a part in. — oynamak 1. /da/ to have a role in, play a part in. 2. to put on an act, pretend, playact. — yapmak to put on an act, pretend, playact, rom rum (a liquor).
Roma (/.) 1. Rome. 2. Roman; of Rome; of the Roman Empire.
                                                            Romalı (/..) 1. (a) Roman. 2. Roman (person). ’Roman 1. Romanesque, of the Romanesque period: Roman sanatı Romanesque art. 2. Romance (language): Roman dilleri Romance languages.
2Roman 1. (a) Romany, (a) Roman. 2. Romany, of the Romanies, roman novel (a prose narrative).
Romanca (./.) 1. Romany (the language). 2.
    Romany, in Romany, romancı novelist.
romancılık being a novelist; novel writing, romanesk, -ki 1. novelesque. 2. romantic. 3.
    Romanesque (style/building), romans mus. romance.
romantik 1. romantic. 2. Romantic; of the Romantics. 3. (a) Romantic, (a) Romanticist.
romantiklik
718
rubai
romantiklik romantic quality; romance, romanticism.
romantize used in: — etmek h! to romanticize, romantizm 1. Romanticism. 2. romance, romanticism.
Romanya (./.) 1. Romania, Rumania. 2. Romanian, Rumanian, of Romania.
Romanyali (./..) 1. (a) Romanian, (a) Rumanian. 2. Romanian, Rumanian (person), romatizma (../.) path, rheumatism, romatizmal (../.) rheumatic, pertaining to rheumatism.
romatizmalı (../..) 1. (a) rheumatic. 2. rheumatic, affected with rheumatism.
’Romen used in: — harfleri print. Roman letters, Roman type, Roman. — rakamları Roman numerals.
2Romen see Rumen.
rondela (./.) mech. washer (a flat, perforated disk).
rop (woman’s one-piece) cfress (usually made of expensive material), ropluk 1. (cloth) suitable for a dress. 2. dress material, cloth suitable for a dress, rosto (/.) 1. roasted meat, roast. 2. roasted, roast: piliç rosto roast chicken, rostoluk (/..) butchery (meat) suitable for roasting, rot, -tu auto, drag link, rota (/.) 1. course (of a ship/an airplane). 2.
   # road, path, course (followed by a person).
   —      değiştirmek 1. (for a ship/an airplane) to change course. 2. (for s.o.) to change course, take a different tack, rotang, -gi 1. rattan, rotan; Malacca. 2. bot. rattan palm, Calamus. rotasyon rotation (of personnel), rotatif print, rotary press, rotond arch, rotunda.
roza (/.) rose diamond, rose-cut diamond, rose, rozas arch, rose window, rose, rozbif roast beef, roze rose, a light pink wine, rozet, -ti 1. (small, metal) badge, emblem. 2. rosette, badge made of ribbon. 3. rosette (a decorative motif/relief). 4. rose, rosette (fixture encircling a conduit where it passes through a ceiling/a wall), röfle (hair) that has highlights in it. — yapmak /a/ to put highlights in (s.o.’s hair), röfüj see refiij. röfüze see refüze.
rökonstrüksiyon arch. 1. reconstruction of a building according to its original design. 2. building reconstructed according to its original design, rölans playing cards raising one’s bid/bet. rölanti auto, (a motor’s) running at an idle, idling, —ye almak hi to idle (a motor).
   —de çalışmak (for a motor) to idle. — de çalıştırmak hi see rölantiye almak, rölativist, -ti phil. 1. (a) relativist. 2. relativistic. rölativite phys., phil. relativity.
rölativizm phil. relativism, rölik, -ki relic (of a saint), rölöve 1. statistical survey, statistical study. 2. water-color copy of some ancient work of art. 3. arch, plan (showing the original design of an old building or of a detail in an old building, drawn up for restoration), —sini çıkarmak Iml 1. to determine the original design of (a building/a detail). 2. to draw a plan showing the original state of (a building/ a detail), rölyef relief (a piece of sculpture), römork, -ku trailer (vehicle), römorkaj naut. (the act of) towing, towage, römorkör tugboat, tug. — yedeğinde towed by a tug. rönar see renar.
                                                             Rönesans (./.) 1. the Renaissance. 2. Renaissance, of the Renaissance, röntgen 1. X-ray photograph, X ray. 2. roentgen (unit of X radiation). 3. slang peeping, voyeurism, —ini çekmek Iml to X-ray (s.t.).
   —   işletmek slang to watch someone secretly, peep.
röntgenci 1. X-ray specialist, roentgenologist; person who takes X rays. 2. slang peeping Tom, voyeur, röntgencilik 1. being an X-ray specialist; taking X rays. 2. slang being a peeping Tom; voyeurism.
                                                             röper surveying bench mark, röportaj 1. newspaper feature report, piece of detailed feature reporting (usually given in installments). 2. radio, TV program which gives a detailed report on a particular topic, röportajcı writer of feature articles, röportajcılık being a writer of feature articles;
   writing feature articles, röpriz see repriz. röprodüksiyon reproduction, rötar delay.
rötarlı delayed, (train/airplane/bus/ship) which is behind schedule, rötuş retouching (a photograph/a painting). — etmek /ı/, — yapmak /a/ to retouch, rötuşçu retoucher, person who does retouching, rötuşlama hi retouching, rötuşlamak hi to retouch, rötuşlu retouched (photograph/painting), rövanş sports return match, return game (against an opponent by whom one was previously defeated).
Ru chem. Ru (ruthenium), ruam path, glanders.
Ruanda (./.) 1. Rwanda. 2. Rwandan, of Rwanda.
Ruandali (./..) 1. (a) Rwandan. 2. Rwandan (person).
rub, -b’u obs. a quarter, one fourth, ruba (/.) obs. 1. clothes, clothing. 2. garment; dress.
rubai (.— —) classical Ott. poet, quatrain, ruba’i.
 rubaiyat                                               719
rubaiyat, -ti            classical Ott. poet, qua-
    trains, ruba’is, rubaiyat, rubi (/.) 1. (a) ruby. 2. ruby, ruby red. rubidyum (./.) chem. rubidium, ruble ruble (Russian monetary unit), ruf roof (top story of a building, containing a bar/a restaurant and dancing facilities); roof garden; roof terrace.
Rufai (.— —) 1. Rufai dervish, Rufai. 2. Rufai, of the Rufais. rugan 1. patent leather. 2. made of patent leather.
ruganlama hi giving (leather) a glassy shine, giving (leather) a high polish, ruganlamak hi to give (leather) a glassy shine, give (leather) a high polish, rugbi (/.) sports rugby, ruh 1. soul, spirit (of a living person/thing). 2. psych, psyche. 3. liveliness, spirit, animation, life. 4. heart (of a matter), essence (of a matter). 5. (a person’s) character/nature.
    6. spirit of a dead person. 7. essence, spirit (of a volatile substance); extract, concentrated solution. R—um! (—.) colloq. My dear!/My dear fellow! — u bile duymamak III colloq. to be completely unaware of, not to notice in any way whatsoever. — bulmak colloq.
    (for s.t.) to acquire a meaning, become meaningful, make sense. — çağırma calling someone’s spirit (during a seance); necromancy. — doktorluğu psychiatry, being a psychiatrist. — doktoru psychiatrist. — u duymamak l\l colloq., see ruhu bile duymamak. — gibi colloq. wraith-like (person).
    —  haleti state of mind, mood. — hastası mentally ill person; mental patient. — hekimi psychiatrist. — hekimliği psychiatry, being a psychiatrist. — una işlemek Iml colloq.
    (for s.t.) to become rooted in (s.o.’s) character, become a part of (s.o.’s) makeup.
    —unu okşamak Iml colloq. (for s.t.) to please (s.o.) greatly. —unu okumak Iml colloq. to understand (s.o.) completely; to be able to read (s.o.’s) innermost thoughts; to be able to read (s.o.) like a book. —■ sağlığı mental health. — sayrılığı mental illness.
    —unu şad etmek Iml to please the soul of (s.o. who is dead). — unu teslim etmek to die, give up the ghost.
ruhani (-----------) 1. spiritual, pertaining to the
    spirit. 2. spiritual, influenced/controlled by God. 3. monk; —ler spirits, the souls of the departed.
ruhaniyet, -ti (— —..) 1. spirituality, being spiritual. 2. spiritual presence (of a dead person, regarded as a beneficent influence), ruhban 1. clergy. 2. monks. — okulu seminary (for theological education). — sınıfı clergy, ruhbaniyet, -ti (.— ..) monasticism. ruhbilim (/..) psychology. — ötesi parapsychology, ruhbilimci (/...) psychologist, ruhbilimsel (/...) psychological.
                                                                                               Rumca
ruhçözümcü (/...) psychoanalyst, ruhçözümsel (/...) psychoanalytic, ruhçözümü, -nü (/...) psychoanalysis, ruhçu colloq. psychiatrist, ruhen (—.) in spirit, spiritually, ruhgöçü, -nü (/..) metempsychosis, transmigration of the soul, ruhi (— —) psychological, mental, ruhiyat, -ti (—..) obs. psychology, ruhiyatçı (—...) obs. psychologist, ruhlanma becoming filled with energy and vigor, becoming animated, ruhlanmak to become filled with energy and vigor, become animated, ruhlu 1. lively, full of life, spirited, energetic.
    2. effective, ruhölçüm (/..) psychometry. ruhötesi, -ni (/...) 1. metapsychics. 2.\ metapsychic, metapsychical. ruhsağaltım (/...) psychotherapy, ruhsağaltımcı (/....) psychotherapist, ruhsal psychological, mental, ruhsat, -ti 1. permission, authorization (given, in most cases, by a government authority).
   2. (written) permit/license.
ruhsatlı 1. officially permitted/authorized. 2. licensed, (s.t.) for which a license has been given.
ruhsatname (..— .) (written) permit/license, ruhsatsız 1. officially unauthorized. 2. unlicensed, (s.t.) for which a license has not been given. 3. (doing s.t.) without official authorization. 4. (doing s.t.) without a license, ruhsuz 1. spiritless, lifeless, lacking in energy/ vigor. 2. insipid, flat; dead, lifeless, ruhsuzluk 1. lifelessness, spiritlessness, lack of energy/vigor. 2. insipidness, flatness; deadness, lifelessness.
Ruhullah (—..) Jesus Christ.
Ruhülkudüs, -dsü (—...) 1. Islam the Angel Gabriel. 2. Christ, the Holy Ghost, ruj lipstick.
rulet, -ti 1. gambling roulette (the game). 2. gambling roulette wheel. 3. mech. caster, roller. 4. bookbinding fillet, roulette. 5. shoe-making pricker, pricking-wheel. 6. tailor. tracing-wheel. 7. photoengraving roulette, rulman mech. bearing; ball bearing; roller bearing.
rulo (/.) 1. roll (of paper). 2. paint roller. Rum 1. (a) Greek (who holds Turkish citizenship). 2. (a) Cypriot Greek. 3. Greek, of the Greeks who hold Turkish citizenship. 4. Greek, of the Cypriot Greeks. 5. Rum, Roum, Anatolia, Asia Minor. 6. Byzantium, the Byzantine Empire. 7. Rome, the Roman Empire. — ateşi Greek fire, rumba (/.) rumba, rhumba.
Rumca (/.) 1. (modem) Greek, Romaic, the (modern) Greek language (as spoken by the Greeks who live in Turkey). 2. (speaking/ writing) in (modem) Greek, (modem) Greek.
   3. (modern) Greek (speech/writing); spoken
Rumeli
 720
rüzgâr
   in (modern) Greek; written in (modern) Greek.
Rumeli (/..) hist. 1. Rumelia (that part of the Ottoman Empire which was in Europe). 2. Rumelian, of Rumelia.
Rumen 1. (a) Romanian. 2. Romanian, of Romania.
Rumence (./.) 1. Romanian, the Romanian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Romanian, Romanian. 3. Romanian (speech/writing); spoken in Romanian; written in Romanian. Rumi (— —) 1. a style of ornamentation (widely used by the Seljuks of Anatolia). 2. Anatolian, of Asia Minor, of Rum, of Roum.
   —  takvim a solar calendar used in Turkey until 1925.
ruminasyon rumination, rumuz 1. sign, symbol (as one used in a code or code-like system). 2. pseudonym, alias.
   3.    signs, symbols (as those used in a code or code-like system). 4. hints, veiled references, allusions, rupi (.'.) rupee (monetary unit of India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka), rupya (/.) see rupi, rupye (.'.) see rupi.
Rus 1. (a) Russian. 2. Russian, of Russia. Rusça (.'.) 1. Russian, the Russian language.
   2.    (speaking/writing) in Russian, Russian. 3. Russian (speech/writing); spoken in Russian; , written in Russian.
Rusya (/.) 1. Russia. 2. Russian, of Russia. — Federasyonu the Russian Federation. Rusyali (.'..) 1. (a) Russian. 2. Russian (person), rutenyum (./.) chem. ruthenium, rutubet, -ti (.—.) 1. humidity. 2. damp, dampness.
rutubetlendirici (.—.....) 1. (s.t.) which humidifies, humidifying. 2. humidifier, rutubetlendirme (.— ....) /i/ 1. humidifying. 2.
   causing/allowing the damp to get into (s.t.). rutubetlendirmek (.—....) /ı/ 1. to humidify. 2.
   to cause/allow the damp to get into (s.t.). rutubetlenme (.— ...) 1. becoming humid. 2. being penetrated by damp, rutubetlenmek (.—...) 1. to become humid. 2.
   to be penetrated by damp, rutubetli (.—..) 1. humid. 2. damp, ruva playing cards king, ruzname (.—.) obs. 1. agenda, order of the day, list of business to be considered. 2. diary, journal.
riibai (.— —) classical Ott. poet., see rubai, rübap see rebap.
rücu, -uu (.—) 1. law rescinding, revoking (a decision/a statement); retracting (a statement). 2. returning, turning back; withdrawal.
   —     hakkı law, fin. recourse, right of recourse, rüçhan (.—) law preference; preemption. —
   hakkı law preference, right to preference; preemptive right, rüçhanlı law preferred; preemptory, preemptive. — alacaklı preferred creditor. — hisse
   senedi preferred share of stock. — tarife preferential tariff. — temettü dividend of a share of preferred stock, rüesa (..—) obs. presidents; chairmen; chiefs, heads.
rüfeka (..—) obs. companions, associates, rükû, -ûu (.—) bowing the head and at the same time putting the palms of one’s hands on one’s knees (done while standing, as a part of the namaz), —a varmak to bow one’s head, putting one’s palms on one’s knees.
rükün, -knü obs. pillar, prop, support, mainstay; fundamental principle, powerful and important person, rüküş 1. woman dressed in an odd, ridiculous way. 2. (woman) dressed in an odd, ridiculous way.
rüstik 1. rusticated (masonry). 2. rustic-looking, rüsum (.—) obs. taxes, duties, imposts, rüsumat, -ti (.-------) 1. obs. taxes, duties, im-
   posts. 2. hist, the Customs Authority (of the Ottoman Empire), rüsup (.—) obs. sediment, rüşeym obs., biol. embryo, rüşt, -tü law majority (of a person), —ünü ispat etmek 1. to reach one’s majority. 2. to evidence one’s maturity, show that one has become an adult, rüştiye hist, junior high school, middle school, rüşvet, -ti bribe; bribery. — almak to accept a bribe, take a bribe. — kapıdan girince insaf/ iman bacadan çıkar, proverb When a bribe is taken, justice goes by the board. — vermek /a/ to bribe, give (s.o.) a bribe. — yemek to take a bribe, rüşvetçi person who takes bribes, rüşvetçilik bribery, taking bribes, rütbe mil. rank.
rüya (.—) dream, —sı çıkmak for one’s dream to come true, for one’s dream to become a reality. — gibi colloq. dreamlike, very beautiful. —lar ma girmek Iml colloq. 1. (for a thought) to keep one awake at night, worry one. 2. to want (s.t./s.o.) badly. — görmek to have a dream, dream. — smda görmek h! to see (s.o./s.t.) in a dream, dream of (s.o./ s.t.). — smda görse hayra yormazdi. colloq. He/She would never have even dreamt of such a wonderful thing happening to him/ her. — sını tabir etmek /in/ to interpret (s.o.’s) dream, riiyet, -ti (—.) obs. 1. seeing; perceiving, espying. 2. managing, overseeing, looking after.
   3. judicial examination (of a case in a court of law). — i hilal the sighting of the new moon (which means that a lunar month has begun).
rüzgâr 1. wind; breeze. 2. slang showing off, swagger. — almak to be exposed to the wind. — altı naut. lee side, leeward. — avlamak 1. to ride at a full gallop. 2. colloq. to achieve nothing, get nowhere. — ekip fırtına
rüzgâr
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rüzgârsız
biçmek colloq. to sow the wind and reap the whirlwind. — esmeyince yaprak oynamaz. (Rüzgâr esmeyince dal kımıldamaz.) proverb There’s a reason for everything. — fırıldağı weather vane; weathercock. — gelecek delikleri tıkamak colloq. to take precautions, be prepared to meet trouble, batten down the hatches. — gibi geçmek colloq. (for time) to fly. —lı havanın kuytusu, yağmurlu havanın uykusu, proverb When the wind blows one seeks a sheltered place. When it rains one sleeps well. — ile gitmek naut. to sail with the wind, —m önüne düşmeyen yorulur, proverb Opposing current trends is a hard, exhausting job. — siperi wind belt, shelterbelt (of trees), —a tüküren kendi yüzüne tükürür, proverb If you
   oppose someone/something that’s far more powerful than you are, you are bound to wind up the loser. — üstü naut. windward side, windward.
Rüzgâr Adaları, -m the Windward Islands. Rüzgâraltı Adaları, -ni the Leeward Islands, rüzgârgülü, -nü (./..) compass rose; compass card.
rüzgârlanma 1. getting windy. 2. exposing o.s.
   to the wind, rüzgârlanmak 1. to get windy; for the wind to come up. 2. to expose o.s. to the wind: Kapı önünde rüzgârlanmaya çalıştı. He tried to cool off by standing in front of the door, rüzgârlı windy; breezy, rüzgârlık windbreaker (a light jacket), rüzgârsız windless.
s
S 1. the letter S. 2. chem. S (sulfur), s. (abbr. for sayfa) p., pg. (page), sa. (abbr. for saat) hr., h. (hour), saadet, -ti (.— .) happiness. —le! Good-bye!/ Good luck! (said to a departing person). — asrı the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad, saat, -ti 1. hour. 2. time; time of day. 3. clock; watch; timepiece. 4. (electricity/gas/water) meter; taximeter; speedometer. 5. an hour’s walk; the distance that can be traveled in an hour. — ayarı time signal (used to regulate timepieces). — i ayarlamak 1. to set a watch/ a clock in accordance with the correct time.
   2. to adjust a watch/a clock (so that it doesn’t go too fast/slow). — başı 1. on the hour. 2. colloq. constantly, every whipstitch. — başı galiba! Why is everybody so quiet? (said jocularly when there is a general lull in the conversation). — be saat from hour to hour, hourly, with every passing hour. — bu saat. colloq. The time to do it is right now! — çemberi/dairesi astr. hour circle. — gibi colloq. like a clock, like clockwork, in a very smooth and orderly way. — kaç? What time is it? — kaçta? At what time?/When? — kösteği watch chain. — kulesi clock tower.
   —i kurmak to wind a clock/a watch. — on bir buçuğu çalmak colloq. to be nearing the end of oneVlife, for time to run out on one.
   —  on birde colloq. very late in life, very late in the day. — i saatine on time, punctually. —i saatine uymamak colloq. (for s.o.) to be very capricious, be very unpredictable. — tutmak to time something/some-one. — vurmak for a clock to strike the hour.
saatçi maker/seller/repairer of clocks/watches, saatçilik being a maker/a seller/a repairer of clocks/watches; making/selling/repairing clocks/watches, saatlerce (../.) for hours, for hours on end. saatli fitted with a timer/a clock. — bomba time bomb. — takvim calendar which shows the times for the namaz, saatlik (s.t.) which lasts for (so many) hours. Saba (.—) see Seba.
saba (.—) 1. light, morning breeze blowing from the northeast. 2. classical Turk. mus. a makam.
sabah 1. morning. 2. in the morning. —tan in the morning: Akşama hazır olmasını istersen sabahtan söylemen gerekir. If you want it to be ready by evening, you must order it
   in the morning. — akşam all the time. — ı bulmak 1. to stay awake all night; to sit up all night. 2. to work all night, —a çıkmak (for a sick person) to make it through the night, still to be alive when morning comes, —a doğru towards morning. — ı etmek 1. to stay awake all night; to sit up all night. 2. to work all night, —lar hayrolsun! Good morning! — kahvaltısı breakfast, —tan karnını doyuran, küçükken evlenen aldanmamış. proverb Start the day by eating a good breakfast. Get married when you’re young, —a karşı towards morning, —in kızıllığı akşamı kış eder; akşamın kızıllığı sabahı güz eder, proverb Red sky at morning, sailor take warning; red sky at night, sailor’s delight. — m köründe colloq. at the crack of dawn. — namazı the morning namaz (the first namaz of the day). — ola, hayır ola. 1. Let’s wait and see how things are in the morning (said in the hope that things will be better by morning). 2. It’s better to do things in the morning, when one is fresh and rested. — oldu. Morning’s come ./Morning’s broken ./It’s morning. — sabah in the morning (as opposed to any other time). — sürçen, geceye dek sürçer. proverb If a person makes a mistake when he’s/she’s just begun a job, he’ll/she’ll continue to foul up all the way through it. —i şerifler/şerifleri/şerifiniz hayırlı olsun! Good morning! — yıldızı astr. the morning star, Venus.
                                                        sabahçı 1. person who works on a morning shift; soldier who is on duty in the morning.
   2.    person who stays awake, sits up, or works all night. 3. pupil who attends the morning session of a school. — kahvesi a kahve, that either stays open all night or opens very early in the morning, sabahki, -ni (this/tomorrow/yesterday/that) morning’s: Sabahki kahve berbattı. This morning’s coffee was awful, sabahlama 1. staying awake all night; sitting up all night. 2. working all night, sabahlamak 1. to stay awake all night; to sit up all night. 2. to work all night, sabahlatma /ı/ causing (s.o.) to stay awake, sit up, or work all night, sabahlatmak /ı/ to cause (s.o.) to stay awake, sit up, or work all night, sabahleyin (./..) in the morning, sabahlı akşamlı (../ ...) every morning and
 sabahlık                                            723
    every evening: O çan sabahlı akşamlı çalar.
    That bell rings every morning and every evening.
 sabahlık 1. (woman’s) dressing gown/housecoat. 2. enough (of s.t.) for (so many) mornings: İki sabahlık çay kaldı. There’s enough tea left to see us through two mornings. 3. used as a prepositional phrase: Bu sabahlık bu kadar; artık paydos edelim! That’s enough work for this morning; let’s call it quits!
 saban plow, Brit, plough. — burnu sharp point of a plowshare, plowpoint. — demiri plowshare. — izi furrow. — kulağı moldboard (of a plow). — oku beam (of a plow). — m tutağına yapışan el aç kalmaz, proverb A farmer need never go hungry, sabanbalığı, -m (./...) zool. thresher, fox shark, Alopias vulpes. sabankemiği, -ni (./...) anat. plowshare bone, vomer.
sabankıran bot. restharrow, Ononis repens. sabanotu, -nu (./..) bot., see sabunotu. sabık, -ki (—.) former, previous, preceding, last, sabıka (—..) law crime for which someone was convicted in the past, past offense, past crime.
sabıkalı (—...) law 1. previously convicted of a crime. 2. previous offender, past offender; hardened criminal, sabır, -bri patience; forbearance. — acıdır, meyvesi tatlıdır. (Sabır acı ise de meyvesi tatlıdır.) proverb Being patient is a hard, but very rewarding thing, —la koruk helva olur, dut yaprağı atlas .proverb Success is achieved by exercising patience. — m sonu selamettir, proverb A patient person will be rewarded for his/her patience. — taşı colloq. very patient person. — ı taşmak/tükenmek for one’s patience to come to an end. sabırlı patient; forbearing, sabırsız impatient, sabırsızlanma growing impatient, sabırsızlanmak to grow impatient, sabırsızlık impatience.
 Sabi (------) 1. (a) Sabian; (an) Elkesaite; (a)
    Mandaean; (a) Sabian of Hauran. 2. Sabian, of the Elkesaites, Mandaeans, or Sabians of Hauran.
 safcih (—.) obs. (s.t.) which floats on water, floating. — havuz floating dock, floating dry dock. — köprü mil. floating bridge; pontoon bridge.
 Sabin 1. (a) Sabine. 2. Sabine, of the Sabines, sabit, -ti (—.) 1. fixed, stationary; stable; invariable, constant. 2. fast (color/dye), (color) that won’t fade or rub off; indelible (ink/ stain/pencil). 3. fixed (stare). 4. proven, established. — balon mil. captive balloon. — disk comp, hard disk. — disk sürücü comp. hard disk drive. — fikir fixed idea, idee fixe.
    —  fiyat fixed price. — gelir fixed income.
    —  yıldız astr. fixed star.
‘saç
sabite (—..) obs. 1. astr. fixed star. 2. math. constant.
sabitleşme (—...) becoming fixed; becoming stable, stabilizing, stabilization, sabitleşmek (—...) to become fixed; to become stable, stabilize, sabo (/.) clog (a wooden-soled shoe with an upper which covers the instep); sabot, sabotaj sabotage.
sabotajcı 1. saboteur. 2. (s.o.) engaged in sabotage.
sabote used in: — etmek hi to sabotage, sabretme (/..) being patient, showing patience, sabretmek (/..) to be patient, show patience. Sabreden derviş muradına ermiş, proverb Patience is eventually rewarded. Sabreyle işine, hayır gelsin başına, proverb Be patient in order that you may be successful, sabuklama psych, delirium; raving; frenzy, sabun soap. — köpüğü gibi sönmek colloq. (for s.t. pretentious/imposing) to vanish like a burst bubble, fall down like a house of cards; (for s.o.) to get the wind taken out of his/her sails, sabuncu maker/seller of soap, sabunculuk being a maker/a seller of soap;
   manufacturing/selling soap, sabunhane           soap-making establishment,
   soapery. sabunlama hi soaping, sabunlamak /ı/ to soap, sabunlanma 1. soaping o.s. 2. being soaped. 3. slang being cleaned out, losing all one’s money (while gambling), sabunlanmak 1. to soap o.s. 2. to be soaped. 3-. slang to be cleaned out, lose all one’s money (while gambling), sabunlaşabilen chem. saponifiable (substance), sabunlaşamayan chem. unsaponifiable (substance).
sabunlaşma turning into soap; chem. saponification.
sabunlaşmak to turn into soap; chem. to saponify.
sabunlu soapy; covered with soap; chem. sap-onated.
sabunluk 1. soap dish. 2. (s.t.) which can be used for making soap, sabunotu, -nu (./..) bot. soapwort, bouncing Bet, Saponaria officinalis. sabuntaşı, -m (./..) 1. geol. soapstone, steatite, soaprock. 2. tailor’s chalk (made of soapstone), sabura (.•"•) naut. ballast, sac, -ci see 2saç.
sacayağı, -m (/...) trivet (used when cooking over a fire), sacayak (/..) see sacayağı.
’saç, -çı hair (on a person’s head). — ağartmak /da/ colloq. to work on (s.t.) for a long time, -ına ak düşmek colloq. 1. to begin to go gray*, begin to get gray-headed. 2. to be getting on in years, —in ak mı, kara mı, önüne
 724
sadakat
   düşünce görürsün, proverb Don’t bother to ask others about it; you’ll learn it yourself soon enough. — ı başı ağarmak colloq. to grow old. — ma başına bakmadan colloq. (doing s.t.) without considering that such a thing might not befit his/her gray hairs (his/ her advanced age), —mdan başından utanmak colloq. to be ashamed to do something disgraceful because of one’s advanced age. —mı başını yolmak colloq. to tear one’s hair, beat one’s breast (from grief). — biçimi hairdo, hair style. — ı bitmedik yetim child who is orphaned while he’s/she’s yet a tiny baby. — boyası hair dye. — ı buçuk colloq. (a) woman. — larımı değirmende ağartmadım. colloq. Don’t think that 1 know nothing about life: I’ve lived a long time and seen a lot. — dökülümü med. baldness, alopecia. —lari iki türlü olmak colloq. to get old. —mı kestirmek to have one’s hair cut; /a/ to have (s.o.) cut one’s hair. — kurutucusu hair drier. — saça dövüşmek (saç saça, baş başa dövüşmek) colloq. (for women) to fight with each other. — saça gelmek (saç saça, baş başa gelmek) colloq. (for women) to begin to fight with each other. — safadan, tırnak cefadan uzar, proverb If a person is happy, his/her hair will grow; if he’s/she’s troubled, his/her fingernails will grow. — sakal ağartmak /da/ colloq. to work on something for a long time. — ına sakalına bakmadan colloq., see saçma başına bakmadan. — sakal birbirine karışmış (saç sakala karışmış) colloq. (s.o.) whose hair and beard are long and unkempt; (s.o.) who looks very unkempt, —mı süpürge etmek /a/ colloq. (for a woman) to work hard to serve and please (s.o.). — teli (a) hair. — ı uzun colloq. (a) woman. — ı uzun, aklı kısa off. (a) woman. — ini yaptırmak (for a woman) to have her hair done; /a/ to have (s.o.) do her hair.
2saç, -cı/-çı 1. sheet iron. 2. made of sheet iron.
   3.  piece of sheet iron used for cooking/ baking, sheet.
3saç, -çı astr. coma, the fuzzy head surrounding the nucleus of a comet.
saçak 1. eave/eaves (of a building). 2. fringe (ornamental border made of threads, cords, leather). 3. raveling, threads that have raveled out. 4. phys. interference fringe, fringe. —1 ateş sardı, colloq. Things have gotten out of control. — buzu icicle (hanging from an eave).
saçakbulut, -tu (./..) cirrus cloud, cirrus.
saçakkök, -kü (./.) bot. fibrous root.
saçaklanma fraying, raveling out (of the edges of s.t.), becoming frayed/raveled.
saçaklanmak (for the edges of s.t.) to fray, ravel out, become frayed/raveled.
saçaklı 1. eaved, (building) which has an eave or eaves. 2. fringed. 3. raveled, frayed (edge).
   —   şerit zool. fringed tapeworm, Thysano-
   soma actinoides. saçaklık arch, entablature, saçalama l\l strewing, scattering, saçalamak /1/ to strew, scatter, saçalanma being strewn, being scattered, saçalanmak to be strewn, be scattered, saçı prov. 1. coins/candy/millet/rice/confetti (strewn over a bride or cast to the wedding guests to be scrambled for). 2. bridal gifts.
   3.     bridal gift. 4. something thrown somewhere when making a wish. — kilmak/at-mak to scatter coins/candy/millet/rice/confetti (at a wedding), saçık 1. strewn, scattered. 2. disarranged, in disarray; disheveled, saçılma being scattered, being strewn, saçılmak to be scattered, be strewn, saçılıp dökülmek colloq. 1. to spend money lavishly, spare no expense. 2. to pour out one’s troubles/thoughts/feelings. saçıntı strewings, scatterings, things that have been strewn/scattered, saçıştırma /1/ scattering/strewing (s.t.) in small amounts or at random, saçıştırmak /1/ to scatter/strew (s.t.) in small amounts or at random, saçkıran path, a kind of ringworm, saçlı 1. (s.o.) whose hair is of (a certain) color: kızıl saçlı red-haired, red-headed. 2. (newborn baby) who has a fair amount of hair on his/her head. 3. (being born) with hair on one’s head. — sakallı colloq. (s.o.) who is of advanced years (and thus ought to behave more reasonably), saçma 1. scattering, strewing (s.t.). 2. absurd remark, piece of hog wash. 3. absurd, ridiculous, stupid. 4. shot, buckshot, or BB pellets. 5. (fisherman’s) cast net, casting net. — sapan colloq. very absurd, utterly nonsensical (talk/remarks). — sapan konuşmak colloq. to talk nonsense, talk hog wash, saçmacı colloq. 1. someone who talks nonsense, someone who’s full of hogwash. 2. (s.o.) who talks nonsense, who talks rot. saçmak hi to scatter, strew, saçıp savurmak colloq. to spend money recklessly, throw money away, saçmalama talking nonsense, talking rot. saçmalamak to talk nonsense, talk rot. saçmalık 1. piece of nonsense, absurd remark/ action. 2. container in which shot/buckshot/ BB’s are kept, saçmaviyat, -ti (...—) colloq. nonsense, absurdities.
saçula (./.) wooden mold (in which metal is cast), sada (.—) see seda, sadak quiver (for arrows), sadaka Islam alms (anything given freely to a poor person), sadakat, -ti (.—.) loyalty, fidelity, devotion. — borcu law loyalty, faithfulness (which a husband and wife owe each other). — gös-
sadakatli
 725
safîzm
    termek /a/ to show loyalty (to). — sigortası com. fidelity insurance. — teminatı com. fidelity bond, sadakatli (.—..) loyal, faithful, devoted, sadakatsiz (.— ..) disloyal, unfaithful, sadakatsizlik (.—...) disloyalty, unfaithfulness, sadakor straw-colored silk cloth/thread (of low quality), sadali (.—.) see sedalı, sadaret, -ti (.—.) Ott. hist, grand vizierate, grand viziership. — dairesi building housing the grand vizier’s offices, grand vizierate, the Sublime Porte, the Porte, sadasiz (.—.) see sedasız, sade 1. (—.) simple, plain, unadorned; unaffected, unpretentious. 2. (—.) (coffee) that’s drunk black and unsweetened. 3. (—'.) only, solely, merely, just. — birimler bölüğü math, the units place (in a decimal number).
    —   pirinç zerde olmaz, bal gerektir kazana; baba malı tez tükenir, evlat gerek kazana. proverb Success, like good food, is not just composed of one, but of several ingredients.
    —   suya colloq. (a food) which has no fat, oil, or butter added to it.
sadece (—'..) only, solely, merely, just, sadedil (—..) simplehearted, ingenuous, naive, guileless; gullible, sadedillik (—...) simpleheartedness, ingenuousness, naivete, lack of guile; gullibility, sadeleşme (—...) 1. becoming simple/plain/ unaffected, acquiring simplicity/plainness/ unaffectedness. 2. (a language’s) becoming simpler/purer, sadeleşmek (—...) 1. to become simple/plain/ unaffected, acquire simplicity/plainness/ unaffectedness. 2. (for a language) to become . simpler/purer.
sadeleştirme (—....) 1. making (s.t.) simple/ plain/unaffected. 2. simplification/purification (of a language), sadeleştirmek (—....) /ı/ 1. to cause (s.t.) to become simple/plain/unaffected. 2. to simplify/ purify (a language), sadelik (—..) simplicity, plainness, lack of adornment; unaffectedness, sadet 1. main point, main topic (under discussion). 2. scope, range, compass (of a discussion). 3. intention, purpose, aim. —ten ayrılmak to get off the subject, stray from the point. (...) —inde bulunmak obs. to intend to (do s.t.). —ten dışarı çıkmak to get off the subject, stray from the point. — dışı irrelevant, (s.t.) which is not related to the main topic of conversation. — e dönmek to return to the point being discussed. — e gelmek to come to the point, sadeyağ (—/.) clarified butter, run butter, sadık (—.) 1. loyal, faithful, devoted. 2. veracious, true, honest and accurate. — kalmak /a/ to remain true to (one’s word/one’s friend).
sâdır (—.) obs., used in: — olmak 1. /dan/ to
   emanate from, emerge from. 2. /dan/ (for an order) to be issued by. 3. /dan/ (for s.t.) to be done by; to be forthcoming from. 4. to happen, occur, sadır, -dn obs. breast, chest, —a geçıyıek 1. to assume the leadership of a group, become the leader of a group. 2. Ott. hist, to become grand vizier, —a şifa verecek (s.t.) which sets one’s mind at ease: Sadra şifa verecek bir haber aldım. I’ve learned something which has set my mind at ease, sadır a (—..) obs., used in: — defteri register containing summaries of all outgoing correspondence, sadist, -ti 1. (a) sadist. 2. sadistic, sadist, sadistlik 1. being a sadist. 2. sadism, sadizm sadism.
sadme 1. shock; jolt; concussion; collision; violent blow. 2. psych, shock. 3. blow (meted out by fate), —sine uğramak Iml 1. to be hit by (a vehicle). 2. to be dealt a blow (by fate), —ye uğramak 1. to be involved in a collision. 2. (for s.o.) to receive a shock, sadrazam (.—.) Ott. hist, grand vizier, sadrazamlık (.— ..) Ott. hist, grand vizierate, grand viziership.
*saf 1. pure, unadulterated. 2. ingenuous, guileless; credulous; gullible. — ispirto pure grain alcohol.
2saf, -ffi row, line; mil. rank, line (of soldiers).
   —   bağlamak to form a line; to form ranks, —i cemaat line of worshipers (in a mosque).
   —   saf (arrayed) in rows/lines/ranks.
safa (.—) 1. freedom from worry, untroubledness, ease. 2. pleasure; delight. 3. party, entertainment; pleasure outing. — bulduk! Thank you! (said in reply to the greeting Safa geldiniz!). — geldiniz! Welcome! (said to an arriving guest). — geldine gitmek /a/ to visit (s.o.) in order to welcome him/her to one’s neighborhood or to welcome him/ her back from a trip, —lar olsun! Enjoy yourself/yourselves!/Have fun! — pezevengi slang pleasure-seeker, fun-seeker, good-time Charlie. — sürmek to have a good time, enjoy o.s. —sim sürmek Iml to enjoy (s.t.) to the utmost, safahat, -ti (..—) obs. phases, stages, safali (.—.) pleasant, pleasurable, enjoyable, safari 1. safari. 2. safari suit. 3. safari jacket, safderun (..—) obs., see safdil, safdil ingenuous, guileless; credulous; gullible. Safer Safar (the second month of the Muslim calendar), saffet, -ti obs. purity (of heart), safha phase, stage.
                                                            safi 1. (— —) clear, limpid. 2. (— —) pure, unadulterated. 3. (— —) net (price/profit/ weight). 4. (—'.) only, solely, merely, just safir sapphire (the stone), safiyet, -ti (—..) 1. purity, unadulterated state.
   2.     naivete; credulousness; gullibility, safîzm sapphism, lesbianism.
 safkan                                            726
safkan (/.) purebred, thoroughbred (horse), saflaştırma hi purifying, purification; refining, saflaştırmak 111 to purify; to refine, saflık 1. purity, unadulterated state. 2. naivete;
   credulousness; gullibility.
’safra ballast (of a ship/a balloon). — atmak colloq. to get rid of troublesome/useless people/things. — suyu water ballast.
2safra biochem. bile, gall. — bastırmak colloq. to eat just enough to tide o.s. over (until mealtime), —sı kabarmak/bulanmak to be nauseated, be sick at one’s stomach; to be seasick. — kesesi anat. gall bladder, safralı 1. (s.t.) which contains bile, bilious;
   biliary. 2. nauseous; seasick, safran 1. bot. saffron crocus, saffron, Crocus sativus. 2. saffron (used as a spice, food color, dye, or medicine), safsata sophistry, casuistry, specious reasoning, safsatacı specious reasoner, sophist, casuist, safsatali sophistic, sophistical, casuistical, safvet, -ti obs., see saffet, sago (/.) see sagu.
sagu (/.) sago (used in cooking). — ağacı/palmiyesi bot. 1. sago palm, Metroxylon. 2. sago palm, Cycas revoluta.
’sağ 1. alive, living. 2. healthy, well. 3. sound, strong, solid. 4. safe, reliable. — akçe sound coin, sound money. — ayakkabı değil, colloq., see Sağlam ayakkabı değil. — baş yastık istemez, proverb, see Sağlam baş yastık istemez. — bırakmak 111 to spare (s.o.), leave (s.o.) alive. — kalanlar the survivors (of a disaster/a battle). — kalmak to remain alive, be left alive (after a disaster/a battle). — kurtulmak to escape with one’s life, get out alive. — ol! colloq. Thank you!/
   Thanks! — olsun ..........—bless him/her! —
   ... (said to soften a critical remark about s.o). — olsun da dağ ardında olsun, proverb Although the separation brought about by living far away from each other is painful, it’s much easier to bear than the separation imposed by death. — olsun, yerinde olsun. colloq. I wish him/her well, nevertheless I’m glad I don’t have to see too much of him/ her. — para see sağ akçe. — salim/selamet safe and sound.
2sağ 1. right, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is on the right -hand side, dexter. 2. right, the right-hand side. 3. pol. rightist, right-wing. 4. pol. the right, —a bak! mil. Eyes right! — eliyle sol kulağını göstermek (sağ eliyle başının arkasından sol kulağını göstermek) colloq. to do something the hard way. — elinin verdiğini sol elin görmesin, pro verb After you’ve done something kind or philanthropic, don’t go around telling the world about it. —dan geri! mil. Right about face! — gözünü sol gözünden kıskanmak colloq. to be extremely jealous. —a kaymak pol. to move toward a right-wing position, shift towards the right. — kolda on the right, on the right
                                                                                       sağdırma
   -hand side. — kulağını sol eliyle göstermek colloq., see sağ eliyle sol kulağını göstermek. — savunucu soccer right fullback, right back, —a sola 1. to the right and to the left. 2. colloq. hither and thither, in all directions, —a sola bakmadan colloq. 1. without considering the feelings of others, heedless of others, thoughtlessly, inconsiderately. 2. without dawdling, without wasting any time, directly. 3. without paying attention to what’s going on around one. —a sola bakmamak colloq. 1. not to consider the feelings of others, to behave inconsiderately.
   2.    not to dawdle, —da solda 1. on the right and on the left. 2. colloq. here and there, in one place and another, —dan soldan 1. from the right and from the left. 2. colloq. from here and there. — ma soluna bakmamak 1. not to look both ways (before crossing the street). 2. colloq. not to pay attention to what one is doing (or to where one is going), to be careless, —mı solunu bilmemek colloq. to be very bewildered, not to know which way to go, not to know what to do. — i solu (belli) olmamak colloq. (for s.o.) to be completely unpredictable. — ını solunu şaşırmak colloq., see sağını solunu bilmemek. — tarafından kalkmak colloq. for things to be going well for one. — yapmak auto, to turn the steering wheel to the right, —da yürek anat. dextrocardia. O benim — kolum. He’s my right-hand man./He’s/She’s my most valuable helper, sağaçık (/..) soccer outside right (a player), sağalma getting well (of a sick person), sağalmak (for a sick person) to get well, sağaltıcı 1. therapeutic; curative. 2. vermifuge, vermifugal, anthelmintic (agent/drug). 3. (a) vermifuge, (an) anthelmintic, sağaltım therapy, treatment, sağaltımbilim (../..) therapeutics, sağaltıma therapist, sağaltımevi, -ni (../..) sanatorium, sağaltma 111 treating/curing (a sick person), sağaltmak 111 to treat/cure (a sick person), sağaltman therapist.
sağanak (short but heavy) downpour, cloudburst, hard rain, thunderstorm, gully washer, torrential rain, sağbeğeni (/..-.) good taste, highly developed sense of beauty, sağbek, -ki (/.) soccer right fullback, right back, sağcı pol. 1. rightist, right-wing. 2. (a) rightist, (a) right-winger, sağcılık pol. 1. rightism. 2. being a rightist, being a right-winger, sağdıç 1 .prov. (among Muslims) (bridegroom’s) best man; woman who acts as an adviser to the bride. 2. (among Christians) godfather; godmother; best man; matron/maid of honor.
   —     emeği colloq. wasted effort, sağdırma 1. h, a/ having (s.o.) milk (an animal); 111 having (an animal) milked. 2. /i, a/ having
sağdırmak                                       727
   (s.o.) take (the honey) (from a beehive); 111 having (the honey) taken (from a beehive).
   3. /i, a/ having (s.o.) unravel (threads); hi having (threads) unraveled. 4. /i, a/ s/ang having (s.o.) swindle (s.o. else); hi letting (s.o.) be swindled.
sağdırmak 1. h, a/ to have (s.o.) milk (an animal); hi to have (an animal) milked. 2. h, a/ to have (s.o.) take (the honey) (from a beehive); hi to have (the honey) taken (from a beehive). 3. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) unravel (threads); III to have (threads) unraveled. 4. h, a/ slang to have (s.o.) swindle (s.o. else); hi to let (s.o.) be swindled, sağduyu (/..) common sense, sağduyulu (/...) (s.o.) who has common sense, commonsensical. sağgörü (/..) foresight, sağgörülü (.'...) foresighted, sağgörüsüz (/...) (s.o.) who lacks foresight, sağgörüsüzlük (/....) lack of foresight, sağhaf (/.) soccer right halfback, sağı bird droppings, excrement of birds, sağılma 1. being milked. 2. (of honey) being taken (from a beehive). 3. (of threads) being unraveled/unwound; raveling, fraying (of cloth). 4. (of a snake) uncoiling itself. 5. slang being swindled, sağılmak 1. to be milked. 2. (for honey) to be taken (from a beehive). 3. (for threads) to be unraveled/unwound; (for cloth) to ravel, fray. 4. (for a snake) to uncoil itself. 5. slang to be swindled, sağım 1. milking (an animal). 2. quantity of milk taken during one milking. 3. quantity of honey taken during one robbing of a hive.
   4.    prov. milch animal, sağımlı see sağımlık, sağımlık milch (animal).
sağın exact, precise (thing). — bilimler the exact sciences, sağınım peristalsis, sağımmlı peristaltic.
                                                         sağır 1. deaf; partially deaf. 2. blind, blank (wall/window). 3. frosted, translucent (glass).
                                                           *4. (s.t.) which lacks resonance; muted, muffled (sound). 5. (s.t.) which muffles sound.
   6. (pot/pan) which conducts heat slowly. — duymaz uydurur/yakıştırır, proverb The things a deaf person says are based, not on what he/she hears, but on what he/she thinks he’s/she’s heard. — için iki kere kamet olmaz, proverb Nobody’s going to repeat something for someone who’s too lazy or inattentive to learn it when everyone else does. — işitmez uydurur/yakıştırır, proverb, see Sağır duymaz uydurur/yakıştırır. (Mısır’daki) — sultan bile duydu, colloq. Everybody and his brother’s heard about it ./ Everybody from here to China knows about it.
sağırlaşma 1. growing deaf. 2. (of a pot/a pan) no longer conducting heat properly.
                                                                                       sağlanmak
                            sağırlaşmak 1. to grow deaf. 2. (for a pot/a pan) no longer to conduct heat properly, sağırlaştırma 111 causing (s.o.) to become deaf, sağırlaştırmak 111 to cause (s.o.) to become deaf.
                            sağırlık 1. deafness. 2. translucency (of glass).
   3.    lack of resonance; mutedness (of a sound), sağıryılan (./..) zool. viper, adder, Viper a berus. sağiç, -çi (/.) soccer right center (a player), sağistem (/..) good will, good intention; law good faith.
sağlam 1. healthy, strong. 2. strong, sound; secure; well-built, well-made; in good condition, undamaged. 3. trustworthy, reliable, dependable. 4. (/.) colloq. most certainly, without a doubt. — ayakkabı değil, colloq. He’s/She’s unreliable/! wouldn’t trust him/ her. —a bağlamak 111 colloq., see işi sağlama (sağlam kazığa) bağlamak. — baş yastık istemez, proverb If a person takes to his/ her bed, it usually means that he’s/she’s unwell. —a gitmek slang to beat the tar out of someone, beat the daylights out of someone. — kaba kotarmak 111 colloq. to reorganize (s.t.) so that it becomes profitable/ beneficial, make (s.t.) a going concern. — kazığa bağlamak 111 colloq., see işi sağlama (sağlam kazığa) bağlamak. — rüzgâr steady wind.
’sağlama 1. Ill providing; procuring, getting, finding; gaining, obtaining; achieving; winning; bringing (s.t.) about. 2. hi ensuring, guaranteeing. 3. math, proof (used to check a computation).
2sağlama (of a vehicle) moving/veering to the right side of the road; getting in the right -hand lane.
’sağlamak hi 1. to provide; to procure, get, find; to gain, obtain; to achieve, win; to bring (s.t.) about. 2. to ensure, guarantee.
2sağlamak (for a vehicle) to move/veer to the right side of the road; to get in the right -hand lane.
sağlamcı person who avoids risky ventures, sağlamlama III 1. strengthening, reinforcing. 2.
   putting (s.t.) on a sound footing, sağlamlamak 111 1. to strengthen, reinforce. 2.
   to put (s.t.) on a sound footing, sağlamlaşma becoming strong, strengthening, sağlamlaşmak to become strong, strengthen, sağlamlaştırma 111 1. strengthening, reinforcing.
   2. putting (s.t.) on a sound footing, sağlamlaştırmak 111 1. to strengthen, reinforce.
   2. to put (s.t.) on a sound footing, sağlamlık soundness, strength, sağlanma 1. being provided; being procured, being found; being gained, being obtained; being achieved, being won; being brought about. 2. being ensüred, being guaranteed, sağlanmak 1. to be provided; to be procured, be found; to be gained, be obtained; to be achieved, be won; to be brought about. 2. to be ensured, be guaranteed.
 sağlı
sağlı used in: — sollu 1. on both sides of (s.t./ s.o.): Bu sokaktaki evler sağlı sollu Sa-dun’un. The houses along both sides of this street are Sadun’s. Yol boyunca sağlı sollu palmiyeler vardı. There were palms along both sides of the road. Karşıdan karşıya geçerken sağlı sollu bakmalı. You should look both ways before you cross the street. 2. using first one hand and then the other: Sağlı sollu patlattım. 1 socked him, first with one hand, and then with the other. 3. ambidextrous, sağlıcakla (../.) while enjoying good health and happiness: Sağlıcakla kullan! 1 hope you’re healthy and happy all the time you use this! Sağlıcakla gidiniz! Godspeed! ’sağlık good health, health, —mda Iml while someone is/was alive. Sağlığınıza! colloq. Your healthMBrit. Cheers! (a toast). — bilgisi hygiene. — görevlisi government health official. — ocağı village clinic. — olsun! colloq. Never mind./lt’s all right./Don’t worry about it. — raporu health report. — sigortası health insurance. — varlıktan yeğdir. proverb Health is better than wealth. S— ve Sosyal Yardım Bakanı the Minister of Health and Social Services. S— ve Sosyal Yardım Bakanlığı the Ministry of Health and Social Services. — yazanağı see sağlık raporu. — yoklaması general medical t, checkup, physical examination, physical. 2sağlık see salık.
sağlıkbilim (./..) (the science of) medicine, sağlıkbilimsel (./...) medical, sağlıklı 1. healthy, in good health. 2. reliable, trustworthy, sound: sağlıklı bir haber a reliable piece of news. 3. well-thought-out, carefully considered; well-planned, sağlıklılık healthiness.
                                                         sağlıksal hygienic, health, pertaining to health, sağlıksız 1. sickly, ailing, (s.o.) who has poor health. 2. unreliable, untrustworthy. 3. (s.t.) which has not been properly thought out; poorly planned, sağma hi 1. milking (an animal). 2. getting (honey) from a beehive; robbing (a beehive) of its honey. 3. unwinding/unraveling (threads). 4. slang swindling, milking, mulcting. — makinesi milking machine, milker, sağmak hi 1. to milk (an animal). 2. to get (honey) from a beehive; to rob (a beehive) of its honey. 3. to unwind/unravel (threads).
   4.    slang to swindle, milk, mulct, sağmal 1. milch (animal). 2. slang (s.o.) who is an easy target for a swindler. — inek 1. milch cow. 2. slang person who is continually being swindled, person who is constantly being milked dry by swindlers, sağman see sağmal.
sağpay (/.) (one’s) right, what is due one. sağrı rump (of an animal). — kemiği see sağrı-kemiği.
sağrıkemiği, -ni (./...) rump bone, sacrum (of
 728                                               sahip
   an animal).
sağtÖre (/..) moral principles, ethical values, ethics (of a society), sağu dirge (in medieval, Central Asian Turkish literature), sağyağ (/.) clarified butter, run butter, sağyazı (/..) correct spelling, orthography, sah, -hhi stet (written on a printer’s proof to show that s.t. previously deleted is to be retained). — çekmek /a/ to stet (a word/a passage).
saha (—.) 1. field, area, region, zone. 2. open space, open area. 3. sports (playing) field; arena.
sahabe (.—.) the companions of the Prophet Muhammad, sahabet, -ti (.—.) obs. support, protection, patronage. — etmek hi to protect, back (a protege).
sahaf seller of secondhand books, bouquiniste. sahaflık being a seller of secondhand books;
   selling secondhand books, sahan shallow cooking pan. —da yumurta fried egg (served in the pan in which it is cooked).
sahanlık 1. landing (of a flight of steps/stairs). 2. platform (entrance or exit area at either end of a bus/a streetcar/a railway car). 3. (amount of food) which will fill (a specified number of) pans (sahans). sahavet, -ti (.—.) obs. generosity, liberality, sahhaf (.—) obs., see sahaf, sahi (—.) really, truly.
sahibe (—..) (female) owner, possessor; proprietress; mistress, sahici (—..) real, genuine, sahiden (—'..) realy, truly, sahife (.—.) see sayfa.
sahih obs. 1. true, correct, accurate. 2. real, genuine. 3. sound; sure, reliable. 4. really, truly.
sahil (—.) shore; coast; bank. — kordonu geog.
   bar/sandbar (along a coast), sahileşme (—...) coming true, becoming a reality.
sahileşmek (—...) to come true, become a reality.
sahip (—.) 1. owner, possessor; proprietor; proprietress; master; mistress. 2. (s.o.) who possesses (a certain quality): zevk sahibi bir hanım a lady who has good taste. 3. someone who has produced/created (s.t.): Bu eserin sahibi kim? Who’s the author of this (literary) work? 4. protector, patron; guardian.
   —   çıkmak /a/ 1. to claim to be the owner of (s.t.), claim (s.t.) (which one has no right to claim). 2. to attend to, see to, look after (s.o.). 3. to get (s.o./s.t.) under control: Köpeğine sahip çık! Get your dog under control! Çocuğuna sahip çık! Do something about that (rambunctious) kid of yours! 4. to support, back, help (s.o.). — kılmak /ı, a/ to put (s.o.) in posşession of (s.t.), make (s.o.)
 sahiplik                                             729
   the owner/the possessor of (s.t.). — olmak /a/ 1. to become the owner of, acquire. 2. to get (s.o./s.t.) under control, do something about (s.o./s.t. that’s misbehaving). 3. colloq. to have sexual intercourse with, lay (a virgin). —i razı olur, tellal razı olmaz, colloq.
   The person who has the most important say -so in the matter is willing; it’s the lesser lights who are holding things up. sahiplik (—..) 1. ownership; proprietorship. 2.
                                                             protection; patronage; guardianship, sahipsiz (—..) 1. ownerless; unclaimed; (s.t.) which has no owner; (s.t.) which is unclaimed. 2. (s.o.) who lacks a protector/a patron/a guardian. — çocuk abandoned child.
   —   eve it buyruk, proverb If nobody responsible takes charge of something it’s sure to be taken over by scoundrels. — hayvan stray animal; animal which has no owner.
                                                             sahipsizlik (—...) 1. being ownerless/unclaimed.
   2. lack of a protector/a patron/a guardian, sahleb obs., see salep, sahlep obs., see salep.
sahne 1. stage (of a theater/an auditorium). 2. theat., cin. scene (one part of an act, one episode in a movie). 3. setting (for an event).
   —   eşyası theat. properties, props, —ye koyan theat. director, stage director, Brit, producer. —ye koymak hi 1. to stage, put on (a play). 2. to direct (a play), —ye koyucu theat., see sahneye koyan. — olmak /a/ (for a place) to be the scene of (an event), be the setting for (an event).
Sahra (.—) the Sahara Desert, the Sahara, sahra (.—) 1. open country; wide plain. 2. desert. 3. wide, barren, and uninhabited area, waste. 4. mil. made/conducted/used on the battlefield, field: sahra topu field gun. sahra topları field artillery, sahra telefonu field telephone, sahre obs., geol. rock mass, sahte 1. false, spurious, fake, phony, bogus; counterfeit; forged. 2. feigned; pretended; affected, sahteci see sahtekâr, sahtecilik see sahtekârlık, sahtekâr 1. forger, falsifier, faker; impostor. 2.
                                                                 (s.o.) who engages in forgery/falsification;
   (s.o.) who practices imposture, sahtekârlık forgery, falsification; imposture, sahtelik 1. falsity, spuriousness, phoniness, 2.
   pretense; affectation, sahtiyan 1. morocco leather, morocco. 2. made of morocco, sahur meal taken just before dawn during the Ramazan fast, —a kalkmak to get up (from bed) in order to eat this meal, sahurluk 1. food prepared for the sahur. 2.
   (food) that is appropriate for the sahur, saik, -kı (—.) obs. motive; incentive.
*saika (—..) obs. motive; incentive. —siyla impelled by ..., out of ...: Merak saikasıyla oraya gitti. He went there out of curiosity.
                                                                                                     sakallı
2saika (—..) obs. lightning.
sair (—.) other (people/things), —ler the others;
    the other people; the other things, sairfîlmenam (—...—) obs. 1. somnambulist, sleepwalker. 2. somnambulistic, sâk, -ki (—) obs. 1. bot. stalk; stem; trunk. 2.
    anat. shank, lower leg. sak, -ki prov. 1. alert, vigilant. 2. (s.o.) who is a light sleeper. — durmak to be alert, be vigilant. — yatmak to sleep lightly, saka (itinerant) seller of drinking water, water seller. — beygiri gibi 1. said of s.o. who has nothing to do but wander aimlessly from place to place. 2. said of s.o. who must go from one place to another in order to accomplish a piece of business. saka zool., see sakakuşu. sakağı path, glanders.
sakak prov. 1. the under side of the chin. 2.
    double chin; dewlap, sakakuşu, -nu (./..) zool. goldfinch, finch, Car-duelis carduelis. sakal beard; whiskers, —mm altına girmek Iml colloq. to ingratiate o.s. with (and acquire influence over) (s.o.). — bırakmak to grow a beard; to let one’s beard grow. — bıyığa denk olmayınca berber ne yapsın? proverb
    1. You can’t produce anything good if you’ve nothing but inferior material to work with.
    2. You can’t put your finances in order if your expenses exceed your income. — ı bitmek 1. (for s.o.) to sprout a beard. 2. Iml colloq. (for a job/a project) to be delayed interminably. — ı değirmende ağartmak colloq. to grow old without having learned anything from experience, be an old fool. — ı ele vermek colloq. to let o.s. become putty in someone’s hands, let o.s. become someone’s tool. — ma gülmek Iml colloq. to laugh up one’s sleeve, laugh in one’s beard. — keçide de var. proverb A beard is hardly a sign of wisdom, —dan kesip bıyığa eklemek/ulamak colloq. to make good a deficiency or repair something by using what one has in hand. — koyuvermek colloq., see sakal bırakmak. — oynatmaz colloq. (fruit) that’s so ripe and delicious it melts in one’s mouth, (food) that’s easy to chew. — salıvermek colloq., see sakal bırakmak. — ı saydırmak colloq. to lose the respect of others; to become a figure of fun. —mı sıvazlamak to smooth one’s beard. S—ı Şerif hairs from the beard of the Prophet Muhammad.
    —  uzatmak see sakal bırakmak. — ım yok ki sözüm dinlensin, colloq. Nobody listens to me merely because I’m young ./Nobody pays me any mind because I lack age and authority.
sakalık being an itinerant seller of drinking water.
sakallanma sprouting a beard, sakallanmak to sprout a beard, sakallı bearded; whiskered, be whiskered.
sakalsız
 730
Sakız
sakalsız beardless, lacking a beard, sakamonya (../.) bot. scammony, Convolvulus scammonia. sakandırık prov. chin strap (on headgear), sakangur 1. zool. skink, Scincus officinalis. 2. an aphrodisiac made of dried skinks. 3. coarse book-muslin. sakankur see sakangiir. sakar 1. blaze, white patch (on an animal’s forehead). 2. clumsy, butterfingered, accident -prone.
sakarca%.'.) zool. white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons. sakarimetre (.../.) saccharimeter. sakarimetri (.../.) saccharimetry. sakarin saccharin, gluside. sakarinli saccharinated, saccharated. sakarlaşma becoming awkward, becoming butterfingered.
sakarlaşmak to become awkward, become butterfingered.
sakarlık clumsiness, awkwardness, being butterfingered. — yaşı the awkward age, early adolescence.
sakarmeke zool. greylag, greylag goose, gray-lag, Anser anser. sakarometre (.../.) see sakarozölçer. sakaroz chem. sucrose, saccharose, sakarozölçer (../..) saccharometer. sakat, -ti 1. (physically) disabled (person); handicapped (person); /dan/ (s.o.) who has a defect in (a part of his/her body): Adam gözlerinden sakat. The man has defective vision.
   2.  unsound/defective/deformed/crippled/ maimed/mutilated (part of a human body).
   3.  unsound, broken (piece of furniture). 4. unsound, (plan/project/job) which has a serious drawback or drawbacks. 5. ungrammatical, faultily constructed (phrase/sentence).
sakatat, -ti offal, viscera (of an animal) (used as food), sakatatçı offal seller.
sakatlama /ı/ 1. disabling (s.o.) physically; crip^ pling; maiming, mutilating. 2. spoiling the shape/the appearance of (s.t.). 3. making (a sentence/a phrase) ungrammatical, sakatlamak /if 1. to disable (s.o.) physically; to cripple; to maim, mutilate. 2. to spoil the shape/the appearance of (s.t.). 3. to make (a sentence/a phrase) ungrammatical, sakatlanma 1. becoming physically disabled; becoming crippled; becoming maimed/mutilated. 2. (of the appearance/the shape of s.t.) being spoiled. 3. (of a sentence/a phrase) becoming ungrammatical, sakatlanmak 1. to become physically disabled; to become crippled; to become maimed/mutilated. 2. (for the appearance/the shape of s.t.) to be spoiled. 3. (for a sentence/a phrase) to become ungrammatical, sakatlık 1. physical disability, impairment, defect; handicap. 2. defect, flaw (in a piece of furniture/a sentence/a phrase); drawback, de-
   fect (in a plan/a job). 3. accident, sakf obs. 1. roof (usually refers to a roof built at an angle). 2. ceiling.
Sakhalin Sakhalin, sakif, -kfi obs., see sakf. sakım phys. conservation (of energy/matter): enerji sakım yasası phys. law of conservation of energy, sakm 1. Beware!/Take care!/Don’t do it!/Don’t!: Sakın bağırma! Mind you don’t shout! 2.1 do hope ...: Sakm onu kaybetmiş olmayasın! I do hope you haven’t lost it! Sakm ona söylemiş olmayın! I do hope you haven’t told him! sakınca objection, drawback, sakıncalı 1. (s.t.) which has drawbacks, which has objectionable features. 2. (person) whom it’s wise to avoid, undesirable (person), sakıncasız (s.t.) which has no drawbacks, which has no objectionable features, sakıngan prudent, cautious, sakınganlık prudence, cautiousness, sakınım 1. phys. conservation (of energy/matter): madde sakınım yasası law of conservation of matter. 2. level-headedness, prudence, discretion, sakmimli level-headed, prudent, sakınma 1. /dan/ avoiding (s.t./s.o.), avoidance; keeping away from, steering clear of (s.o.). 2. /dan/ guarding against (s.t.); watching out for (s.t. dangerous). 3. /i, dan/ protecting (s.t./ s.o.) (from), —sı olmamak /dan/ to pay no mind to.
sakmmakM. /dan/ to avoid (s.t./s.o.); to keep away frdip, steer clear of (s.o.). 2. /dan/ to guard agaihşt (s.t.); to watch out for (s.t. dangerous). 3. /i,\dan/ to protect (s.t./s.o.) (from). Sakınan göze çöp batar, proverb The thing that one is most anxious to keep out of harm’s way is the thing that always ends up getting damaged, sakıntı precaution, sakıntılı cautious, prudent, sakıntısız careless, incautious, imprudent, sakırdama prov. shivering, shuddering, trembling.
sakırdamak prov. to shiver, shudder, tremble, sakırga (./.) prov., zool. tick, Ixodes. — humması tick fever, sakır sakır (./ ..) prov., used in: —■ titremek/ sakırdamak to shiver violently, şakırtı prov. shiver, shudder.
Sakıt, -ti obs., astr. Mars, sakıt, -ti (—.) obs. 1. falling, (s.t./s.o.) which falls; fallen. 2. (s.o.) who has fallen from power. 3. (law/decision) which is no longer valid, which is no longer in effect. 4. med. stillborn (fetus); artificially aborted (fetus).
    —  olmak 1. to fall. 2. to be no longer valid, be no longer in effect. 3. to be stillborn; to be aborted.
Sakız (/.) 1. Chios. 2. Chian, Sciot, Chiot, of Chios. — Adası Chios.
sakız
731
saksofonculuk
sakız mastic, gum mastic (often used as flavoring or as chewing gum). — gibi colloq. 1. sticky. 2. very white and clean (laundry). 3. (person) who won’t leave one alone, who sticks to one like glue. — leblebisi roasted white chickpea. — rakısı raki flavored with mastic.
sakızağacı, -ni (./...) bot. 1. mastic tree, Pista-cia lentiscus. 2. terebinth tree, turpentine tree, Pistacia terebinthus. sakizbademi, -ni (./—..) 1. Chian almond (a round, soft-shelled almond). 2. bot. Chian almond tree, Prunus amygdalus. sakızkabağı, -ni             bot. zucchini, Brit.
    courgette, Cucurbita pepo.
Sakızlı (/..) 1. (a) Sciot, (a) Chiot, (a) Chian.
    2.    Sciot, Chiot, Chian (person), sakızlı (s.t.) which contains mastic, saki (— —) obs. cupbearer, sakil 1. ugly, ill-proportioned. 2. obs. heavy (in weight). 3. obs. wearisome, tedious, tiresome.
    4.    obs. thick, guttural (sound). 5. classical Turk. mus. an usul, sakim (.—) obs. 1. sickly, ailing; diseased. 2. faulty, defective, (s.t.) which contains a mistake; erroneous. 3. Islam unsound (hadith). sakin (—.) 1. calm, tranquil, serene; still. 2. /da/ (s.o.) who resides in, who inhabits (a place). 3. (a) resident; (an) inhabitant, sakinleşme (—...) becoming calm, calming down.
sakinleşmek (—...) to become calm, calm down.
sakinleştirme (—....) hi calming, sakinleştirmek (—....) hi to calm, sakinlik (—..) calmness, tranquillity, serenity; stillness.
sakit, -ti (—.) obs. silent. — kalmak to keep silent, remain silent, saklam person/thing entrusted to another’s safekeeping, (a) trust, saklama 1. hi hiding, concealing; /i, dan/ keeping (s.t.) secret from (s.o.). 2. /i, daI keeping/ storing (s.t.) in (a place). 3. /i, a/ saving (s.t.) for, keeping (s.t.) for, setting (s.t.) aside for.
    4.    /i, dan/ (of God) protecting, preserving, shielding (s.o.) (from), saklamak 1. hi to hide, conceal; /i, dan/ to keep (s.t.) secret from (s.o.). 2. /i, da/ to keep/ store (s.t.) in (a place). 3. /i, a/ to save (s.t.) for, keep (s.t.) for, set (s.t.) aside for. 4. /i, dan/ (for God) to protect, preserve, shield (s.o.) (from). Sakla samanı, gelir zamanı. proverb Don’t throw things away; something which seems utterly worthless now may come in handy some day. saklambaç hide-and-seek, hide-and-go-seek, saklamci baggage checkroom attendant, saklamlik baggage checkroom, saklanacak (a place) in which to hide. — delik aramak/aranmak to want to go through the floor (said when one is very embarrassed). saklanca canned food, Brit, tinned food.
saklancalik (food) which is suitable for canning or which is to be canned, saklanılma 1. being hidden, being concealed; /dan/ (of s.t.) being kept secret from (s.o.). 2. /da/ (of s.t.) being kept in, being stored in (a place). 3. /a/ being saved for, being kept for, being set aside for (s.o.). saklanılmak 1. to be hidden, be concealed; /dan/ (for s.t.) to be kept secret from (s.o.). 2. /da/ (for s.t.) to be kept in, be stored in (a place). 3. /a/ to be saved for, be kept for, be set aside for (s.o.). 4. /a/ impersonal passive to hide something in. 5. /dan/ impersonal passive to keep something secret from. 6. /da/ impersonal passive to keep/store something in. 7. /a/ impersonal passive to save something for. saklanma 1. hiding o.s., hiding, concealing o.s.
   2. being hidden; /dan/ being kept secret from. 3. /da/ being kept in, being stored in (a place). 4. /a/ being saved for, being kept for, being set aside for.
saklanmak 1. to hide o.s., hide, conceal o.s. 2. to be hidden; /dan/ to be kept secret from.
   3. /da/ to be kept in, be stored in (a place).
   4. /a/ to be saved for, be kept for, be set aside for.
saklantı something which has been hidden, saklatma 1. /ı, a/ having (s.o.) hide (s.t.); having (s.t.) hidden. 2. /i, a/ having (s.o.) save (s.t.); hi having (s.t.) saved. 3. /i, a/ having (s.o.) put (s.t.) away; hi having (s.t.) put away, having (s.t.) stored, saklatmak 1. /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) hide (s.t.); to have (s.t.) hidden. 2. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) save (s.t.); Ill to have (s.t.) saved. 3. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) put (s.t.) away; III to have (s.t.) put away, have (s.t.) stored, saklı 1. /da/ hidden, concealed (in); /dan/ (s.t.) which is kept secret (from). 2. Idal (s.t.) which is kept/stored in. 3. /a/ (s.t.) which is saved (for). 4. law legally guaranteed (right), saklık prov. vigilance, watchfulness, sako formerly sack coat, a loose jacket, sakoleta (../.) obs. canister, case shot (an artillery projectile), saksafon slang penis, *dick, *cock. — çalmak slang to give someone a blowjob. saksağan zool. magpie, Pica pica. sakshorn mus. saxhorn, saksı 1. flowerpot. 2. slang head, noggin, noodle, bean. — çiçeği houseplant, hothouse plant.
saksıgüzeli, -ni (./...) bot. kidney wort, navel-wort, Cotyledon umbilicus. saksılık 1. shelf/stand for potted plants. 2. jardiniere, jardiniere (decorative pot in which a potted plant is set). 3. room or protected place where houseplants are put in winter, saksofon 1. mus. saxophone. 2. slang, see saksafon.
saksofoncu mus. saxophonist, saksofonculuk mus. being a saxophonist; work-
Saksonya
732
salınma
   ing as a saxophonist.
Saksonya (./.) Saxony (in Germany), saksonya (./.) 1. Dresden (china); Meissen (chi-na). 2. Dresden, Dresden china; Meissen, Meissen china, sakuleta (../.) obs., see sakoleta. sakulete (../.) obs., see sakoleta. sal 1. raft. 2. prov. coffin, sala (.—) Islam prayer recited on certain occasions by a muezzin before he recites the ezan. — vermek/okumak to recite the sala, salabet, -ti (.-—.) obs. strength, soundness; firmness, toughness, salacak bench on which a corpse is washed, salah (.—) obs. 1. improvement, being improved. 2. righteousness, godliness. 3. peace, tranquillity. — bulmak to improve, get better.
salahiyet, -ti (.— ..) authority, (delegated) power, authorization. — dairesi the scope/compass of one’s authority. — vermek /a/ to authorize (s.o.) (to do s.t.). salahiyetli (.— ...) (s.o.) who has authority; /a/ authorized to, empowered to (do s.t.). salahiyetsiz (.— ...) (s.o.) who lacks authority, salahiyettar (.— ..—) obs., see salahiyetli, salak colloq. half-witted, feeble-minded, im-becilic, dunderheaded, addlepated. salaklaşma beginning to act like a half-wit. salaklaşmak to begin to act like a half-wit. salaklık half-wittedness, dunderheadedness, imbecility, salam salami.
salamandra (../.) salamander stove.
salamanje dining room.
salamura (../.) 1. brine (used for pickling food).
   2. any food which has been pickled in brine.
   3.    (food) which has been pickled in brine, salamuralık (../..) 1. (food) suitable for pickling
   in brine. 2. (salt) suitable for making brine, salangan zool. salangane (a swift whose nest is edible).
salapurya (../.) a single-masted sailing vessel (once used to transport goods in the waters surrounding Istanbul). — gibi colloq. big, clumsy-looking (shoe), salaş 1. wooden booth; wooden market stall; temporary wooden shack/shed. 2. temporary, shed-like, wooden (building), salaşpur a loosely woven cotton fabric (used for linings).
salat, -ti (.—) Islam 1. ritual prayer, namaz. 2. prayer in which God is asked to bless the Prophet Muhammad, salata (./.) 1. salad. 2. lettuce, salatalık (./..) 1. cucumber. 2. (food) which is suitable to use in making a salad. 3. slang aged teacher, salavat, -ti (..—) Islam 1. a prayer in which God is asked to bless the Prophet Muhammad and his descendants. 2. ritual prayers, namaz. — getirmek/okumak to say the salavat.
salb obs. 1. hanging (s.o.). 2. crucifixion, salben (/.) obs. (execution) by hanging/crucifixion.
salbetme (/..) obs. Ill 1. hanging. 2. crucifying, salbetmek (/..) obs. t\l 1. to hang. 2. to crucify, salcı raftsman.
salça 1. tomato sauce; tomato paste. 2. gravy, sauce. — kâsesi gravy boat, sauceboat, salçalı (food) which contains sauce/gravy; gravied, covered with gravy; covered with sauce.
salçalık 1. (food) which is suitable for making sauce/gravy. 2. gravy boat, sauceboat, saldırgan aggressive, disposed to attack, belligerent, truculent, saldırganlık aggressiveness, belligerence, truculence.
saldırı attack, assault; aggression; mil. offense.
   —      silahları mil. offensive weapons. — teknesi mil. assault boat. — ya uğramak to be attacked, come under attack, saldırıcı aggressive, prone to attack, belligerent, truculent.
saldırma 1. /a/ attacking/assailing/assaulting (s.o./s.t.); rushing; charging (at); hurling o.s./ itself against/upon. 2. /a/ chem. acting on; dissolving. 3. /i, a/ causing (s.t./s.o.) to attack (s.t./s.o.). 4. a large knife, saldırmak 1. /a/ to attack, assail, assault (s.oJ s.t.); to rush; to charge, charge at; to hurl
   o.s./itself against/upon. 2. /a/ chem. to act on; to dissolve. 3. /i, a/ to cause (s.t./s.o.) to attack (s.t./s.o.). saldırmazlık nonaggression. — antlaşması/ paktı nonaggression treaty, salep (—.) 1. salep (a hot drink made with powdered salep). 2. salep, saleb (the dried tubers of certain orchids), salepçi (—..) maker/seller of salep (the drink), salepçilik (—...) being a maker/a seller of salep (the drink). salepgiller (—...) bot. Orchidaceae. salgı biol. secretion, a secreted substance, salgın 1. epidemic (disease). 2. epidemic, outbreak (of an epidemic disease). 3. epidemic invasion (of insects/pests), salgmlikbilim (../..) epidemiology, salhane (.—.) slaughterhouse, salı Tuesday.
salık advice. — vermek /ı, a/ to recommend (s.o.) to (do s.t.), advise (s.o.) to (do s.t.); /a/ to give (s.o.) a piece of advice, salıncak 1. swing (a device for swinging). 2. a hammock (used to rock a baby to sleep), salıncaklı used in: — iskemle/koltuk rocking chair.
salınım 1. phys. oscillation. 2. astr. libration (of the moon).
salınma 1. swaying; oscillating. 2. /a/ being sent to, being dispatched to. 3. /a/ (of an animal) being put out to pasture in (a place); (of s.t.) being channeled/directed into (a place). 4. /a/ (of s.t.) being lowered into (a place). 5.
salınmak
 733
salma
   /a/ (of s.t.) being added to (a food), salınmak 1. to sway; to oscillate. 2. /a/ to be sent to, be dispatched to. 3. /a/ (for an animal) to be put out to pasture in (a place); (for s.t.) to be channeled/directed into (a place). 4. /a/ (for s.t.) to be lowered into (a place). 5. /a/ (for s.t.) to be added to (a food), salma salma yürümek to walk with a swaying movement, salıntı 1. swaying motion. 2. undulation, swell (of the sea), salıntılı 1. (building) which sways in a high wind; tremulous, rickety (building). 2. swaying (motion), salıverme (./..) /ı/ letting go, setting free, releasing.
 salıvermek (./..) hi to let go, set free, release, salih (—.) obs. 1. /a/ good for, suitable for, usable for. 2. /a/ authorized to, empowered to.‘3. devout, godly, salik, -ki (—.) /a/ obs. 1. follower (of). 2. believer (in). — olmak /a/ 1. to be a follower of (s.o.). 2. to believe in, be a believer in (a religion).
salim (—.) 1. sound, healthy. 2. (s.o.) who has no physical defect; /dan/ free of (physical defects). 3. safe, secure, salimen (—..) safely, safe and sound, salip (.—) obs. cross. S—i Ahmer formerly the Red Cross. — i cenubi obs., astr. the Southern Cross, the Cross, salis (—.) obs. third, salise (—..) one sixtieth of a second, salisen (—..) obs. thirdly, salisilat, -ti chem. 1. salicylate. 2. salicylic acid (as a powder), salkım 1. bunch (of grapes/dates). 2. cluster, bunch (of pendent flowers); raceme. 3. bot. wisteria, Wisteria sinensis. — küpe ear pendant, earring with a pendant. — saçak colloq. (hanging down) untidily, from every side, or in tatters. — salkım in clusters, in bunches, in wads, salkıma archaic hanging down loosely, salkımağa», -m (./...) bot. black locust, Ro-binia pseudoacacia. salkımak archaic to hang down loosely, salkimlanma forming bunches/racemes, salkimlanmak to form bunches/racemes, salkımsı racemose, racemiform. salkımsöğüt (./..) bot. weeping willow, Salix babylonica; Egyptian willow, Salix aegyp-tica.
 sallabaş 1. (s.o.) afflicted with an involuntary shaking of the head. 2. colloq. (s.o.) who is a yes-man.
 sallama 1. hi waving/wagging (s.t.) (from side to side). 2. hi rocking; swinging; causing (a building) to sway/shake. 3. hi nodding (one’s head). 4. hi colloq. putting off, postponing.
    5. hi brandishing (a sword). 6. /a/ slang hitting (s.o.), giving (s.o.) a punch/a sock (with one’s fist).
sallamak 1. hi to wave/wag (s.t.) (from side to side). 2. hi to rock; to swing; to cause (a building) to sway/shake. 3. hi to nod (one’s head). 4. hi colloq. to put off, postpone. 5. hi to brandish (a sword). 6. /a/ slang to hit (s.o.), give (s.o.) a punch/a sock (with one’s fist).
sallamama hi slang not caring about; paying no attention to. sallamamak hi slang not to care about; to pay no attention to. sallandırma 1. hi rocking, causing (s.t.) to sway/shake. 2. /i, a/ hanging (s.t.) on. 3. hi colloq. hanging (s.o.), making (s.o.) swing, sallandırmak 1. hi to rock, cause (s.t.) to sway/ shake. 2. /i, a/ to hang (s.t.) on. 3. hi colloq. to hang (s.o.), make (s.o.) swing, sallanma 1. being waved/wagged. 2. being rocked/swung/swayed/shaken. 3. being brandished. 4. swinging; swaying; rocking, tottering, wobbling. 5. being rocked, being shaken.
   6.    (of a tooth) being loose. 7. being rickety, being shaky, being about to fall apart. 8. colloq. fooling around, wasting time. 9. colloq. being about to lose one’s job, being about to get the sack. 10. colloq. being up in the air, being undecided, sallanmak 1. to be waved/wagged. 2. to be rocked/s wung/s way ed/shaken. 3. to be brandished. 4. to swing; to sway; to rock, totter, wobble. 5. to be rocked, be shaken. 6. (for a tooth) to be loose. 7. to be rickety, be shaky, be about to fall apart. 8. colloq. to fool around, waste time. 9. colloq. to be about to lose one’s job, be about to get the sack. 10. colloq. to be up in the air, be undecided, sallantı 1. swinging; swaying; undulation; rocking, tottering, wobbling. 2. astr. libration (of the moon), —da bırakmak hi colloq. to leave (s.t.) up in the air, leave (s.t.) unresolved. —da kalmak colloq. (for s.t.) to be left up in the air, be left unresolved, sallapati (..— .) colloq. 1. (s.o.) who just breezes into a place (without knocking, etc.). 2. (s.o.) who carelessly sticks his/her oar in (without being asked). 3. in a careless, relaxed way. sallasırt, -ti used in: — etmek hi colloq. to shoulder, hoist (s.t./s.o.) onto one’s shoulder/ shoulders, sallı prov. very wide, sprawling, salma 1. hi setting (s.o./s.t.) free, letting (s.o./ s.t.) go, releasing, release. 2. hi (of a plant) putting out, putting forth (shoots/roots). 3. hi sending, dispatching. 4. /i, a/ turning (an animal) out to graze in (a place); channeling/ directing (s.t.) into (a place). 5. /i, a/ letting (s.o./an animal) attack, turning (s.o./an animal) loose on. 6. /i, a/ lowering (s.t.) into (a place). 7. /i, a/ adding (s.t.) to (a food). 8. /i, a / requiring (s.o.) to pay/contribute (s.t.) (as a head tax). 9. /a/ (of an animal) attacking (s.o./s.t.). 10. (of a ship) moving in various directions (while riding at anchor). 11. a stew
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    containing rice. 12. hist, a policeman. 13. head tax (levied in a village). 14. prov. a sleeve. 15. aviary; cote, loft. 16. (animal) which has been let out to graze. 17. (water) that is not dammed up or stagnant, continuously running (water). — çuhadarı hist. police officer. — gezmek to wander around idly. — tomruk hist, lockup, jail, salmak 1. Ill to set (s.o./s.t.) free, let (s.o./s.t.) go, release. 2. Ill (for a plant) to put out, put forth (shoots/roots). 3. hi to send, dispatch.
    4.    h, a/ to turn (an animal) out to graze in (a place); to channel/direct (s.t.) into (a place). 5. /i, a/ to let (s.o,/an animal) attack, turn (s.o./an animal) loose on. 6. /i, a/ to lower (s.t.) into (a place). 7. h, a/ to add (s.t.) to (a food). 8. h, a/ to require (s.o.) to pay/contribute (s.t.) (as a head tax). 9. /a/ (for an animal) to attack (s.o./s.t.). 10. (for a ship) to move in various directions (while riding at anchor). Saldım çayıra, Allah/Mevla kayıra, colloq. I’ve turned the animals out to pasture (or I’ve let the children go out by themselves); God willing, they’ll come back safe and sound, salmalık prov. pasture, salmastra (./.) mech. gasket; packing, salname (.— .) ohs. yearbook, salon 1. living room, Brit, sitting room. 2. large room (used for meetings/parties/exhibitions).
    , 3. stylish business establishment, salon. — adamı (a) man-about-town. — takımı suite of living-room furniture, living-room suite, saloz slang stupid, dunderheaded. salozlaşma slang beginning to do idiotic things, salozlaşmak slang to begin to do idiotic things, salozluk slang stupidity, dunderheadedness. salpa loose, slack, salpak see salpa, salpalık looseness, slackness, salt, -ti 1. solely, only, simply, singly. 2. pure: salt matematik pure mathematics, salt sevinç pure joy. salt us pure reason. 3. absolute. — çoğunluk absolute majority. — değer math, absolute value. — nem absolute humidity. — okunur bellek comp. Read -Only Memory. — sıcaklık phys. absolute temperature. — sıfır phys., chem. absolute zero.
’salta (/.) used in: — durmak/etmek (for a dog) to stand on its hind legs only.
2salta (/.) formerly a collarless, buttonless, short jacket, bolero.
3salta (/.) naut. slackening (a tight rope/chain).
   —      etmek hi to slacken (a tight rope/chain), saltanat, -ti 1. sovereignty, dominion, authority, rule. 2. sultanate, authority/rank of a sultan; sultanic rule, government by a sultan. 3. colloq. showy and luxurious way of life; magnificence, splendor, pomp. — sürmek 1. to rule as sultan. 2. colloq. to live in great style, saltanatlı colloq. sultanic, princely, magnificent, splendid, pompous.
saltanatsız colloq. devoid of pomp/display, saltçılık autocracy, saltık absolute.
saltıkçı 1. (an) absolutist. 2. (an) autocrat. 3. absolutist, absolutistic. 4. autocratic, auto-
   *  cratical.
saltıkçılık 1. absolutism. 2. autocratic rule; autocracy.
saltm absolutely, by all means, positively, salvo (/.) salvo (of artillery fire), salya (/.) saliva; slobber, slaver, drool, salyangoz zool. snail, Helix. — kanalı anat.
   cochlea. — merdiven spiral staircase, sam see samyeli.
saman straw; chaff. — alevi gibi colloq. sudden and short-lived. — altından su yürütmek colloq. to be as sly as a fox, be extremely crafty and devious. — anızı stubble (left in a field after a crop has been reaped). — çöpü piece of straw/chaff. — elinse samanlık senin. (Saman senin değilse samanlık da mı senin değil?) colloq. You won’t benefit at all from free food-if you eat so much of it that you become ill. — gibi colloq. insipid, tasteless. — kafalı colloq. stupid. — nezlesi hay fever. — rakısı colloq. inferior raki. — sarısı 1. straw yellow. 2. straw-colored, straw yellow. — suyu dull, straw-colored gilding, samani (.— —) 1. straw-colored, straw, straw yellow. 2. straw, straw yellow, samankâğıdı, -ni (./...) straw-colored paper of poor quality (used as writing/wrapping paper), samankapan amber.
samanlı (s.t.) which contains straw/chaff;
   strawy; chaffy, samanlık hayloft, haymow, samanrengi, -ni (./..) 1. straw, straw yellow.
   2.    straw-colored, straw yellow, straw, samanuğrusu, -nu (./...) astr., see Samanyolu. Samanyolu, -nu (./..) astr. the Milky Way. samaryum (./.) chem. samarium, samba (/.) samba (a dance).
Sami (— —) 1. (a) Semite. 2. Semitic, of the Semites. — diller Semitic languages, samia (—..) obs. hearing, the sense of hearing, samimi (.—.) 1. heartfelt; sincere, genuine. 2.
   intimate, close, samimilik (.—..) heartfelt feeling; sincerity, genuineness.
samimiyet, -ti (.— ..) 1. heartfelt feeling; sincerity, genuineness. 2. intimacy, closeness, samimiyetsiz (.— ...) formal, reserved, stiff, distant.
samimiyetsizlik (.—....) formality, reserve, stiffness.
Samoa (./.) Samoa, samsa a sweet pastry soaked in syrup, samur 1. zool. sable, Martes zibellina. 2. sable fur, sable. 3. sable, made of sable. — kaşlı colloq. (s.o.) who has bushy brown eyebrows.
samyeli, -ni (/..) samiel, simoom, simoon, siroc-
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    co. — vurmuş mayıs çirozu slang person who has become very gaunt (while in prison).
 san 1. fame, repute. 2. title, appellation (used with a person’s name). 3. phil. inherent attribute, intrinsic quality, sana to you; for you. — pişmişse bana kotarılmış. colloq. If you’re happy with the way things are going, then so am I. ■*- taşla vurana/dokunana sen aşla/ekmekle/pamukla var/dokun. proverb Requite an injury with a kindness. — vereyim bir öğüt: Kendi ununu kendin öğüt, proverb Paddle your own canoe! — yalan, bana gerçek, colloq. You don’t seem to believe it, but I know it to be true.
sanal 1. math, imaginary. 2. virtual. — alışveriş virtual shopping. — bellek comp, virtual memory. — sayı math, imaginary number, sanat, -ti 1. art. 2. artistry, artistic quality. 3. craft; trade; skill. 4. craftsmanship, artisanry, craft, skill. — altın bileziktir, proverb A person who possesses a skill can always find work. — enstitüsü technical school, industrial school, trade school. — eseri work of art. — filmi art film. — galerisi art gallery, —mı hor gören boğazına torba takar, proverb, see işine hor bakan boynuna torba takar. — tarihçisi art historian. — tarihi art history. — ı ustadan görmeyen/öğrenmeyen öğrenmez, proverb You can’t learn a trade just by working on your own; you’ve got to learn it from a master workman, sanatçı 1. artist. 2. (s.o.) who is an artist, sanatçılık being an artist; artistry, sanatkâr 1. artist. 2. craftsman, artisan. 3. (s.o.)
   who is an artist, sanatkârlık 1. being an artist; artistry. 2. being an artisan; craftsmanship, artisanship, artisanry.
sanatlı artistic; (s.t.) which has been done with great artistry/craftsmanship, sanatoryum (../.) sanatorium, sanatsal artistic, of or relating to art. sanatsever 1. art lover, lover of art. 2. (s.o.)
   who loves art. sanayi, -ii (.—.) industry: mensucat sanayii the textile industry, otomobil sanayii the automobile industry. — devrimi industrial revolution. — mühendisi industrial engineer. — mühendisliği industrial engineering. — i nefise obs. the fine arts. — odası association of manufacturers. S— ve Ticaret Bakanı the Minister of Industry and Commerce. S — ve Ticaret Bakanlığı the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, sanayici (.—..) 1. (an) industrialist. 2. (s.o.) who is a promoter of industry/industrialization, sanayicilik (.— ...) 1. industrialism. 2. being an industrialist, sanayileşme (.— ...) industrialization, becoming industrialized, sanayileşmek (.— ...) to become industrialized.
sanayileştirme (.—....) /ı/ industrializing (an area), industrialization. ' sanayileştirmek (.— ....) hi'to industrialize (an area).
sancak 1. flag, banner, standard; ensign. 2. naut. starboard. 3. Ott. hist, subdivision of a province, sanjak. — açmak to unfurl a flag. — ı şerif flag used by the Prophet Muhammad (kept in Topkapi Palace), sancakbeyi, -ni (./..) Ott. hist, governor of a sanjak. sancaktar standard-bearer, sancı 1. griping pain (especially one in the bowels/the stomach); stitch (in one’s side).
    2.    labor pain, sancılanma 1. having a griping pain. 2. (of a pregnant woman) having labor pains, sancılanmak 1. to have a griping pain. 2. (for a pregnant woman) to have labor pains, sancılı 1. (s.o.) who has a griping pain. 2. (illness) which produces griping pains, sancıma aching gripingly. sancımak to ache gripingly. sançma /ı, a/ prov. 1. sticking (s.t. sharp) into (s.o./s.t.); piercing/skewering/stabbing (s.o./ s.t.) with (s.t. sharp). 2. planting/erecting (a pole) in (the ground), sançmak /ı, a/ prov. 1. to stick (s.t. sharp) into (s.o./s.t.); to pierce/skewer/stab (s.o./s.t.) with (s.t. sharp). 2. to plant/erect (a pole) in (the ground).
’sandal 1. sandalwood. 2. made of sandalwood, sandalwood. 3. bot. sandalwood tree, San-talum.
2sandal rowboat.
3sandal sandal (the shoe).
4sandal a cloth made of silk and cotton, ’sandalcı 1. boatman, person who ferries people in a rowboat. 2. person who has rowboats for rent.
2sandalci maker/seller of sandals, sandalet, -ti sandal (made of thongs attached to a light sole), sandalya (./.) see sandalye, sandalye (./.) 1. (armless) chair. 2. office, post, position. 3. pol. seat (right to sit in a legislative body). — kavgası see koltuk kavgası.
    —      sazı a rush used for caning (especially bottoming) chairs, sandalyeci (./..) maker/seller of chairs, sandalyesiz (./..) (place) which is devoid of chairs; (suite of furniture) which contains no chairs. — bakan pol. minister without portfolio.
sandık 1. (large) chest, trunk. 2. hope chest, dower chest. 3. crate. 4. strongbox, coffer.
    5. bank; (organization administering a) fund; credit union. 6. cashier’s office, treasurer’s office. 7. box-like implement used for measuring sand/gravel. 8. caisson (used as a foundation); cofferdam. — atmak to put down a caisson/a cofferdam, —tan çıkmak to be elected to a public office. — defteri cash-
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    book. — düzmek (for a young woman) to accumulate things for her hope chest. — emini formerly cashier, treasurer. — eşyası clothes, linens, etc. (kept in a hope chest).
   —     lekesi mark/stain made by mildew (found on clothes/linens that have been left in a chest for a long time). — odası storeroom, lumber room. — sepet colloq. all of one’s belongings. — taki sırtında, ambardaki karnında. (Sandıktaki sırtında, sepetteki boğazında). colloq. He/She never thinks of saving something for a rainy day ./He/She spends his/ her money as soon as he/she gets it. — temel caisson (used as a foundation); cofferdam, sandıkbalığı, -m (./...) zool. boxfish, Ostracion. sandıkbalığıgiller (./.....) zool. Ostraciontidae. sandıkçı maker/seller of chests/trunks/crates/ strongboxes, sandıklama hi boxing (s.t.); crating (s.t.); packing (s.t.) in a box/a crate, sandıklamak hi to box; to crate; to pack (s.t.)
   in a box/a crate, sandıklanma being boxed; being crated; being packed in a box/a crate, sandıklanmak to be boxed; to be crated; to be packed in a box/a crate, sandıklı 1. thin board used to sheathe the outer wall of a frame house, piece of sheathing. 2. a coin of the reign of Mahmud II inscribed with the word gazi. — saat grandfather clock.
sanduka (./.) 1. empty coffin/sarcophagus placed over the grave of an eminent person.
   2.    sarcophagus, sandviç sandwich.
sanem obs. 1. idol, graven image. 2. very beautiful woman., sangı prov. stupefied, dazed, sangılama prov. being stupefied, being in a daze.
sangılamak prov. to be stupefied, be in a daze, sangılık prov. stupefaction, dazedness, daze, sam supposition, surmise, conjecture, mistaken belief/idea/impression. (...) —sma kapılmak to get the mistaken idea/impression that .... sanık law suspect; accused, person charged with an offense, sani (— —) obs. second (person/thing), sanidin geol. sanidine, glassy feldspar, saniye (—..) (a) second (in time). — ibresi second hand (on a watch/a clock), —si saniyesine down to the very second; right on the very second, saniyelik (—...) taking a very short time, saniyen (—..) secondly, sank, -ki bird dung, sanki see sank.
sanki (/.) 1. as if: Sanki dünyanın sonu gelmiş gibi konuşuyor. He’s talking as if it were the end of the world. 2. It’s as if ...: Sanki hiç olmamış. It’s as if it had never taken place. 3. Do you really think ...?/You don’t really think ..., do you?: Taksiye de binsen
   sanki yetişebilir miydin? Hadi canım sen
   de! Do you really mean to say you think you could have got there in time if you’d taken a taxi? Tell me another one! sankim (/.) colloq., see sanki, sanlı famed, famous, sanma hi supposing, imagining, thinking, sanmak, -ır'/ı/ to suppose, imagine, think.
San Marino 1. San Marino. 2. San Marinese, of San Marino.
San Marinolu 1. (a) San Marinese. 2. San Marinese (person), sanrı hallucination. — doğurucu hallucinogenic.
sanrılama hi seeing (s.t. hallucinatory), imagining (s.t.).
sanrılamak hi to see (s.t. hallucinatory), imagine (s.t.).
sannsal hallucinatory, hallucinative, hallucina-tional.
sansar 1. zool. marten, Martes. 2. marten fur.
   3.    made of marten fur, marten. — gibi colloq. stealthy, sly. sansargiller zool. Mustelidae. sansasyon sensation, sansasyonel sensational.
Sanskritçe (./.) 1. Sanskrit, the Sanskrit language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Sanskrit, Sanskrit. 3. Sanskrit (speech/writing); spoken in Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit, sansör censor.
sansüalist, -ti phil. 1. (a) sensationalist, (a) sensualist. 2. sensationalistic, sensualistic. sansüalizm phil. sensationalism, sensism, sensualism.
sansür censorship. — etmek hi to censor, sansürcü 1. censor. 2. censorious (manner), sansürleme hi censoring, sansürlemek hi to censor, sansürlenme being censored, sansürlenmek to be censored, sansürlü censored.
santiar square meter, centare, centiare. santigram centigram, Brit, centigramme, santigrat centigrade, santilitre (../.) centiliter, Brit, centilitre, santim 1. centimeter, Brit, centimetre. 2. centime (French monetary unit). — kaçırmamak colloq. to be very meticulous, santiman sentiment, santimantal sentimental, santimantalite sentimentality, santimantalizm sentimentalism, santimetre (../.) centimeter, Brit, centimetre. — kare square centimeter. — küp cubic centimeter, santonin chem. santonin, santr soccer, see santra, santra soccer midfield, santrafor soccer, see santrfor, santrahaf soccer, see santrhaf. santral, -lı 1. telephone exchange, switchboard, central. 2. power plant, power station, power-
 santralci                                         737
house. 3. slang brain, noodle, noggin. — me-muresi (female) telephone operator, operator; switchboard operator. — memuru telephone operator, operator; switchboard operator, santralci operator, telephone operator, central;
    switchboard operator, santralizasyon centralization, santralize centralized, santrfor soccer center forward (a player), santrhaf soccer center halfback (a player), santrifüj 1. centrifuge. 2. centrifugal force. 3.
    centrifugal. — kuvvet centrifugal force, santrifüjleme /ı/ centrifuging, centrifugation, santrifüjlemek hi to centrifuge, centrifugate, santrifüjör centrifuge, santrozom biol. centrosome. santur mus. dulcimer, santir, santour. santurcu mus. dulcimer player, santuri (.— —) mus., see santurcu.
Sao Tome ve Principe Sao Tome and Principe, sap, -pi 1. handle. 2. bot. stem; stalk. 3. bot. pedicel; peduncle; petiole. 4. enough (thread) to thread a needle (approximately fifty centimeters). 5. slang penis, *dick, *cock. — çekmek to take newly cut sheaves of grain from the field to the threshing floor. — gibi kalmak colloq. 1. to be left standing forlornly by o.s. 2. to be left sitting high and dry; to be left holding the bag. — gitmek colloq. to go stag, stag, go (somewhere) without a female companion. — ına kadar colloq. wholly, completely, to the nth degree: sapına kadar dürüst completely honest. — kalmak slang to be womanless and homy. — ı silik colloq. good-for-nothing, no-count. — yiyip saman sıçmak/çıkarmak vulg. to get very angry, be breathing fire, sapa out-of-the-way (place); off the beaten track. — düşmek to be off the beaten track, sapak 1. turning, turnoff, place where one road branches off from another. 2. psych, abnormal (but not considered ill), sapaklık psych, abnormality, sapan 1. slingshot. 2. catapult. 3. sling (used to lower/hoist s.t.). — taşı slingstone; stone thrown from a sling/a catapult, sapanbalığı, -m (./...) zool. thresher shark, fox shark, Alopias vulpinus. sapanorya (../.) slang hideously ugly, (s.o.)
    who’s as ugly as sin. saparna (./.) 1. sarsaparilla, dried sarsaparilla root. 2. bot. sarsaparilla, Smilax. saparta (./.) 1. naut. broadside, broadside fire.
   2. naut. broadside, all the guns on one side of a ship. 3. colloq. broadside, lambasting.
                              —yi yemek colloq. to get a good lambasting, sapasağlam (./..) very strong/sound/solid; in excellent condition, in the pink, sapçık 1. bot. stemlet, small stem; stalklet, small stalk. 2. bot. pedicel; peduncle. 3. anat. peduncle, pedunculus. sapık 1. perverted; sexually perverted. 2. (a) pervert. 3. very eccentric, somewhat crazy.
                                                                                             sapotağacı
sapıklaşma becoming perverted, perversion, sapıklaşmak to become perverted, sapıklık perversion.
sapılma 1. /a/ turning to (the right/the left); turning into (a road). 2. /dan/ deviating from, straying from, sapılmak impersonal passive 1. /a/ to turn to (the right/the left); to turn into (a road). 2. /dan/ to deviate from, stray from, sapınç 1. psych., astr. aberration. 2. erring, error.
    3.    phys. refraction, sapır sapır (./ ..) used in: — dökülmek to fall down continuously, rain down from every side. — titremek to shiver and shake, sapıtma going nuts, going crazy; talking nonsense.
sapıtmak to go nuts, go crazy; to talk nonsense, sapkı aberration.
’sapkın 1. perverted, abnormal. 2. heretical. 3. geol. erratic (rock/block). 4. (a) pervert. 5. (a) heretic.
2sapkm harpoon.
sapkınlık 1. perversion. 2. heresy, saplama 1. /ı, a / sticking/thru sting (s.t. sharp) into (s.t./s.o.). 2. piece of lead (used to balance an automobile wheel). 3. mech. pin. saplamak /ı, a/ to stick/thrust (s.t. sharp) into (s.t./s .o.). saplamm psych, fixation, saplanma /a/1. being stuck/thrust into. 2. being stuck in, being embedded in, being lodged in. 3. being rooted/fixed to (a spot). 4. being obsessed by (s.t.), being hipped on (s.t.). saplanmak /a/ 1. to be stuck/thrust into. 2. to be stuck in, be embedded in, be lodged in.
    3.    to be rooted/fixed to (a spot). 4. to be obsessed by (s.t.), be hipped on (s.t.). saplantı fixed idea, idee fixe; obsession.
’saplı 1. (s.t.) which has a handle; -handled. 2. bot. (plant, part of a plant) which has a stalk/ a stem; stalked; stemmed. 3. long-handled skillet/pot; ladle.
2sapli /a/ stuck in, embedded in, lodged in. — kalmak /a/ (for s.o.’s thoughts) to be mainly concerned with (s.o./s.t.). saplımeşe (./..) bot. English oak, pedunculate oak, Quercus robur. sapma 1. /a/ turning to, making a turn to; turning into, entering (a road); swerving to, veering to. 2. /a/ beginning to (do s.t. that’s disapproved of), resorting to (s.t. bad). 3. /dan/ digressing from (one’s topic); deviating from (one’s goal); departing from (the straight and narrow). 4. deviation; declination, sapmak 1. /a/ to turn to, make a turn to; to turn into, enter (a road); to swerve to, veer to. 2. /a/ to begin to (do s.t. that’s disapproved of), resort to (s.t. bad). 3. /dan/ to digress from (one’s topic); to deviate from (one’s goal); to depart from (the straight and narrow), sapmaölçer (./..) declinometer, sapotağacı, -m (./...) bot. sapodilla, sapotilla,
 sapotgiller                                          738
    sapota, Ac hr as zapota. sapotgiller bot. Sapotaceae. saprofit, -ti biol. 1. saprophyte. 2. saprophytic (plant/animal), sapsağlam (/..) see sapasağlam, sapsarı (/..) 1. very yellow, bright yellow. 2.
    very pale (person/face), sapsız 1. handleless. 2. bot. stalkless; stemless.
    —  balta colloq. person who has no backers/ protectors.
saptama /ı/ 1. fixing; stabilizing, making (s.t.) stable; making (s.t.) stationary. 2. determining, establishing, fixing. 3. med,., phot, fixing; fixation.
saptamak hi 1. to fix; to stabilize; to make (s.t.)
    stationary. 2. to determine, establish, fix. saptanma 1. being fixed, being stabilized. 2. being determined, being established, being fixed.
                               saptanmak 1. to be fixed, be stabilized. 2. to be determined, be established, be fixed, saptayıcı 1. (a) fixative, (a) fixatif. 2. (s.t.)
    which acts as a fixative, fixative, saptırılma 1. /a/ (of s.o.) being made to turn to (the right/the left), (of s.o.) being made to turn into (a road); (of s.t.) being turned to (the right/the left); (of s.t.) being turned into (a road); (of s.o ./s.t.) being swerved/veered to. 2. /a/ being made to (do s.t. bad). 3.
    /dan/ being deflected from (one’s goal); being made to digress from (one’s topic); being made to depart from (the straight and narrow).
saptırılmak 1. /a/ (for s.o.) to be made to turn to (the right/the left), (for s.o.) to be made to turn into (a road); (for s.t.) to be turned to (the right/the left); (for s.t.) to be turned into (a road); (for s.o ./s.t.) to be swerved/ veered to. 2. /a/ to be made to (do s.t. bad).
    3. /dan/ to be deflected from (one’s goal); to be made to digress from (one’s topic); to be made to depart from (the straight and narrow).
saptırma 1. /ı, a/ turning (a vehicle/a horse) to (the right/the left); turning (a vehicle/a horse) into (a road); making (s.o.) turn to (the right/ the left); making (s.o.) turn into (a road); making (s.o./s.t.) veer/swerve to. 2. /i, a/ making (s.o.) begin to (do s.t. disapproved of). 3. /i, dan/ making (s.o.) digress/deviate/ depart from. 4. arch, an ornamental molding, saptırmak 1. /ı, a/ to turn (a vehicle/a horse) to (the right/the left); to turn (a vehicle/a horse) into (a road); to make (s.o.) turn to (the right/the left); to make (s.o.) turn into (a road); to make (s.o./s.t.) veer/swerve to.
    2.    /i, a/ to make (s.o.) begin to (do s.t. disapproved of). 3. /i, dan/ to make (s.o.) digress/deviate/depart from, sara path, epilepsy, —sı tutmak to have an epileptic fit. saraciye (.— ..) 1. leather goods. 2. saddles and harness, tack.
                                                                                        sardırmak
saraç 1. maker/seller of leather goods. 2. saddler, maker/seller of saddles and harness, saraçhane (..—.) saddlery (place where saddles and harness are made/sold), saraçlık 1. being a maker/a seller of leather goods. 2. saddlery, being a maker/a seller of saddles and harness, sarahat, -ti (.—.) obs. clarity, explicitness, unambiguousness, sarahaten (.— ..) obs. clearly, explicitly, unambiguously.
sarahatli (.—-..) obs..clear, explicit, unambiguous.
sarak arch, stringcourse, cordon, saraka (./.) slang pulling someone’s leg; ridicule. —ya almak /ı/ slang to pull (s.o.’s) leg; to make fun of (s.o.). sarakacı (./..) slang (s.o.) who likes to poke fun at others, saralı 1. (an) epileptic. 2. (s.o.) who has epilepsy, epileptic, sararma 1. turning yellow. 2. turning pale, growing pale, paling, sararmak 1. to turn yellow. 2. to turn pale, grow pale, pale, sararıp solmak (for s.o.) to grow pale/pallid/wan. sarartma 1. Ill yellowing, making (s.t./s.o.) turn yellow. 2. h/ making (s.o.) grow pale. 3. prov. pale, sickly looking person, sarartmak hi 1. to yellow, make (s.t./s.o.) turn yellow. 2. to make (s.o.) grow pale, sarartmali prov. pale, sickly looking person, saray 1. palace; seraglio, serail. 2. large public building: adliye sarayı courthouse. 3. the palace (the sultan and his supporters; the king/the queen and his/her supporters). — lokması a kind of syrupy friedcake. saraylı Ott. hist. 1. girl/woman who is a member of the sultan’s harem. 2. (girl/woman) who is a member of the sultan’s harem, saraypati, -m (./..) bot. China aster, Callis-tephus sinensis. sardalya (./.) zool., see sardalye, sardalye (./.) zool. sardine, pilchard, Sardinia pilchardus. — gibi istif olmak colloq. to be packed together like sardines.
Sardca (/.) 1. Sardinian, the Sardinian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Sardinian, Sardinian. 3. Sardinian (speech/writing); spoken in Sardinian; written in Sardinian, sardırma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) wind/wrap (one thing) around (another); having (s.o.) wrap (s.t.) up in; having (s.o.) wrap (s.t.). 2. having (s.o.) bandage (a wound). 3. having (people/ an army) surround (a place). 4. having (s.o.) wind up or coil up (s.t.). 5. causing (a vine) to twine around or climb (s.t.). sardırmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) wind/wrap (one thing) around (another); to have (s.o.) wrap (s.t.) up in; to have (s.o.) wrap (s.t.).
   2. to have (s.o.) bandage (a wound). 3. to have (people/an army) surround (a place). 4. to have (s.o.) wind up or coil up (s.t.). 5. to
 Sardinya                                           739
    cause (a vine) to twine around or climb (s.t.). Sardinya (./.) see Sardunya, sardoğan a hawk, sardun a rope (used by fishermen).
Sardunya (./.) 1. Sardinia. 2. Sardinian, of Sardinia.
sardunya (./.) bot. geranium, Pelargonium. sarf 1. spending (money). 2. expending/using up/consuming (time/effort/energy); using (words). 3. morphology (of a language). — etmek hi see sarf etmek. — u nahiv obs. morphology and syntax, grammar, sarfetme (/..) Ill 1. spending (money). 2. expending/using up/consuming (time/effort/ energy); using (words), sarfetmek (/..) hi 1. to spend (money). 2. to expend/ use up/consume (time/effort/energy); to use (words), sarfınazar (/...) /dan/ leaving aside, if one leaves ... aside, apart from ...: Bundan sarfınazar, iyi bir adam sayılır. Apart from that he’s a good fellow. — etmek /dan/ 1. to leave (s.t.) aside, disregard, overlook. 2. to give up, relinquish; to abandon the idea of; to stop trying to (do s.t.). sarfiyat, -ti 1. expenses, costs, expenditures. 2.
    consumption, using (s.t.) up. sargı bandage, sargılama hi bandaging, sargılamak hi to bandage, sargılı bandaged.
sarhoş 1. drunk, tipsy, inebriated, intoxicated; high. 2. drunk with joy/happiness/pleasure.
    —  etmek hi to intoxicate, make (s.o.) drunk.
    —     olmak 1. to be drunk. 2. to get drunk, sarhoşluk 1. drunkenness, tipsiness, inebriation,
    intoxication; being high. 2. being drunk with joy/happiness/pleasure, sarı 1. yellow. 2. blond. 3. pale, pallid, wan (face). 4. brass (the metal). 5. yolk, yellow (of an egg). — altın gold coin (made of relatively pure gold). — aşıboyası yellow ocher. — bakır brass (the metal). — benizli (s.o.) whose face is pale/pallid/wan. — cisim anat. corpus luteum. — çıyan 1. zool. centipede, Scolopendra. 2. colloq. treacherous -looking blond person. — çizme giymek 1. to be the holder of a high pffice; 2. to be living high off the hog. — çizmeli Mehmet Ağa some Joe Doakes or other (said especially of s.o. who’s being searched for, but about whom very little practical information is known). — diş a sword made in Khorasan.
    —  kız 1. colloq. sorrel-colored cow. 2. colloq. gold coin (made of relatively pure gold).
    3. slang hashish, hash. — merhem prov. an ointment made with sulfur. — sırma gilded silver wire. — yağ clarified butter, run butter (used as cooking butter).
sarıağız, -ğzı (..'..) zool. maigre (fish), Sciaena aquila.
sarıasma (./..) zool. golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus.
                                                                                               sarımsak
sanasmagiller (./....) zool. Oriolidae. sarıbalık (..'..) zool. a large carp, saribenek (./..) anat. macula retinae, macula lutea retinae, sarıca 1. yellowish. 2. zool. yellow jacket, Vespa.
sarıcık zool., see sarıasma, sarıçalı (./..) bot. barberry, Berberis vulgaris. sarıçam (./.) bot. Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris. sarıçiğdem (./..) bot. saffron crocus, saffron, Crocus sativus. sandiken (./..) bot. golden thistle, Spanish oyster plant, Scolymus hispanicus. sarıgöz (./.) zool. a sea bream, Cantharus lineatus.
sarığıburma (../..) a sweet pastry, sanhalile (./.—.) 1. bot. myrobalan, Terminalia.
    2.    myrobalan (the dried fruit of the myrobalan tree), sanhumma (./.—) path, yellow fever, sank 1. turban cloth (wrapped around a headpiece to form a turban). 2. turban, sarıkanat (./..) zool. a medium-sized bluefish. sankantaron (./...) bot. St. Barnaby’s thistle, Centaurea solstitialis. sarıklı 1. turbaned, beturbaned. 2. colloq., Islam man respected for his religious knowledge; khoja, imam, sarılgan bot. twining, climbing (plant). — sap bot. tendril.
’sarılı (s.t.) which is yellow in places, which contains patches of yellow.
2sarılı 1. wrapped. 2. bandaged. 3. enveloped, covered. 4. /a/ coiled around. 5. /la/ surrounded by.
sarılıcı bot. twining, climbing (plant). — sap bot. tendril.
sarılık 1. yellowness, yellow color/hue. 2. path.
    jaundice, icterus, sarılma 1. /a/ embracing, putting one’s arms around. 2. /a/ clinging to, holding fast to. 3. /a/ twining/coiling around. 4. /a/ taking up (s.t.) immediately; beginning (to do s.t.) zealously and vigorously. 5. /a/ being ^rapped in/around; /la/ being encircled witfi, being wrapped with. 6. being bandaged. 7. being surrounded. 8. /la/ being covered, spread over, or enveloped with, sarılmak 1. /a/ to embrace, put one’s arms around. 2. /a/ to cling to, hold fast to. 3. /a/ to twine/coil around. 4. /a/ to take up (s.t.) immediately; to begin (to do s.t.) zealously and vigorously. 5. /a/ to be wrapped in/ around; /la/ to be encircled with, be wrapped with. 6. to be bandaged. 7. to be surrounded. 8. /la/ to be covered, spread over, or enveloped with.
sarım 1. winding, wrapping; bandaging. 2. (s.t.) that’s long enough to encircle a thing (so many) times: iki sarım tel enough wire to encircle the thing twice. 3. elec. a single loop (in an electromagnetic coil), sarımsak see sarmisak.
 sarımsı
sarımsı yellowish, sarımtırak see sarımsı, sarınma /a/ wrapping o.s. up in; wrapping/ winding (s.t.) around o.s. sarınmak /a/ to wrap o.s. up in; to wrap/wind (s.t.) around o.s. sanpapatya (./...) bot. golden marguerite, yellow chamomile, Anthemis tinctoria. sarısabır (./..) 1. bot. aloe, Aloe. 2. aloes (used as a medicine), sarısalkım (./..) bot. golden rain tree, laburnum, Laburnum anagyroides. sarısütleğen (./...) bot. sun spurge, Euphorbia helioscopia. sarışebboy (./..) bot. wallflower, Cheiranthus cheiri.
sarışın 1. blond, blonde (person). 2. person with a fair complexion and light-colored hair, (a) blond, sarışınlık blondness.
sanyasemin (./—..) bot. 1. wild jasmine, Jas-minum fruticans. 2. winter jasmine, Jasmi-num nudiflorum. sanzambak (./..) bot. yellow asphodel, Brit.
   king’s spear, Asphodeline lutea. sâri (— —) contagious/infectious (disease), sari sari, saree (dress worn by Indian women), sarig, -gi zool. possum, opossum, Didelphis. sarih clear, explicit, unambiguous, sarkaç pendulum.
şarkık pendulous, drooping; flabby and drooping.
sarkıl phys. pendular (movement), sarkılma hanging down, sarkılmak impersonal passive to hang down, sarkıntı 1. droop, hang. 2. (a man’s) making improper remarks/overtures (to a woman); indecently assaulting (a woman) (by pinching/ nudging).
sarkıntılık (a man’s) making improper remarks/ overtures (to a woman); indecently assaulting (a woman). — etmek /a/ to make improper remarks/overtures to (a woman); to assault (a woman) indecently (by pinching/nudging), sarkıt, -ti 1. geol. stalactite. 2. arch, stalactite, muqarna. 3. arch, pendant (forming the lower end of a newel post or a keystone); cul-de -lampe.
sarkıtma /ı/ 1. dangling, letting (s.t.) hang down; lowering. 2. slang landing (s.o.) a blow, hanging (s.o.) a blow. 3. slang hanging (s.o.), making (s.o.) swing. — kilittaşı arch.
   1.     hanging keystone, pendant keystone. 2. pendant knob. — saçak valance, sarkıtmak /ı/ 1. to dangle, let (s.t.) hang down; to lower. 2. slang to land (s.o.) a blow, hang (s.o.) a blow. 3. slang to hang (s.o.), make (s.o.) swing, sarkma 1. hanging; hanging down; hanging out; /dan/ leaning out of (a window). 2. /a/ colloq. dropping by, stopping in at (a place). 3. /a/ colloq. proceeding leisurely to (a place).
   4. colloq. being left over; being in excess of
 740                                       sarmisak
     what was expected, sarkmak 1. to hang; to hang down; to hang out; /dan/ to lean out of (a window). 2. /a/ colloq. to drop by, stop in at (a place). 3. /a/ colloq. to proceed leisurely to (a place). 4. colloq. to be left over; to be in excess of what was expected, sarkom path, sarcoma, sarkoma (./.) path., see sarkom, sarma 1. Iı, a/ winding/wrapping (one thing) around (another); wrapping (s.t.) up in; tit wrapping, encircling. 2. tit bandaging (s.t.).
     3.    hi surrounding (a place/s.o.). 4. lit covering, spreading over, enveloping (s.t.). 5. hi embracing (s.o.). 6. hi winding (s.t.) up, coiling (s.t.) up. 7. tit (of s.t.) interesting (s.o.), exciting the curiosity of (s.o.); (of s.t.) pleasing (s.o.), giving (s.o.) pleasure. 8. /a/ (of a vine) twining around, climbing (s.t.). 9. hi attacking (s.o.) verbally, laying into (s.o.). 10. hot dish made of grape/cabbage leaves stuffed with meat and rice. 11. a wrestling maneuver. 12. embroidery embossed (motif/ design). 13. made by wrapping/winding, sarmaç package, article/articles made into a package, sarmaçlama III packaging, sarmaçlamak III to package, sarmak 1. /i, a/ to wind/wrap (one thing) around (another); to wrap (s.t.) up in; hi to wrap, encircle. 2. hi to bandage. 3. hi to surround (a place/s .o.). 4. hi to cover, spread over, envelop. 5. hi to embrace (s.o.). 6. hi to wind up, coil up. 7. h! (for s.t.) to interest (s.o.), excite the curiosity of (s.o.); (for s.t.) to please (s.o.), give (s.o.) pleasure. 8. /a/ (for a vine) to twine around, climb (s.t.). 9. Ill to attack (s.o.) verbally, lay into (s.o.). sarıp sarmalamak III to wrap (s.o./s.t.) up well, sarmal helical, spiral. — damarlar anat. spiral ducts, spiral vessels, sarmalama h! wrapping (s.o./s.t.) up well, sarmalamak hi to wrap (s.o./s.t.) up well, sarmalanma being wrapped up well, sarmalanmak to be wrapped up well, sarman 1. huge, enormous. 2. tawny cat. sarmaş used in: — dolaş colloq. 1. locked in a close embrace. 2. on very friendly terms with each other. — dolaş kuzu dolması olmak colloq. to become firm friends, become inseparable friends. — dolaş olmak colloq. 1. to be locked in a close embrace. 2. to become firm friends, become inseparable friends, sarmaşan bot. twining, climbing (plant), sarmaşık 1. bot. ivy, hedera, Hedera. 2. vine, twining/climbing plant.
‘ sarmaşıkgiller bot. Araliaceae.
                                                        sarmaşma 1. embracing one another. 2. (of vines) being intertwined, sarmaşmak 1. to embrace one another. 2. (for vines) to be intertwined, sarmisak bot. garlic, Allium sativum. —ı balla yemesini icat etmek colloq. to dream up
 sarımsaklı                                        741
   something original but useless. — da acı ama evde lazım bir dişi, proverb There are some things which, despite their drawbacks, remain indispensable. — dişi clove of garlic.
   —i gelin etmişler de, kırk gün kokusu çıkmamış. proverb A person’s faults are often not readily apparent; some time may have to pass before they come to light. — ı hesap eden paça yiyemez, proverb You can’t be too choosy, or you’ll end up with nothing at all. — içli dışlı, soğan yalnız başlı, proverb Some people have intimate friends, whereas others are loners. — yemedim ki ağzım koksun, colloq. I don’t have anything to be afraid of, because I haven’t done anything wrong.
sarımsaklı flavored with garlic; garlicky, sarmisakotu, -nu           bot. garlic  mustard,
   hedge garlic, Alliaria petiolata. sarnıç 1. cistern (for drinking water). 2. tank (for water/petroleum) (in a ship). — gemisi tanker. — vagonu rail, tank car. sarnıçlı furnished with a cistern/a tank, sarp, -pi 1. very steep, precipitous. 2. hard, difficult (task). 3. difficult of access. 4. (person) who’s hard to get along with, difficult, —a sarmak colloq. (for s.t.) to become very difficult/complicated . sarpa zool. sea bream, Pagellus centrodontus. sarpın 1. pit used for storing grain, silo. 2.
   dough tray (for bread dough), sarplaşma becoming very steep, sarplaşmak to become very steep, sarraf 1. buyer and seller of gold and other precious metals/stones. 2. moneychanger; moneylender, sarrafiye (.— ..) commission/fee/interest given to a sarraf, sarraflık 1. being a buyer and seller of gold and other precious metals/stones. 2. being a moneychanger/a moneylender; money changing; money lending. 3. commission/ fee/interest given to a sarraf, sarsaç, -çı vibrator.
sarsak shaky, quavery, unsteady, trembling (owing to feebleness) . — sarsak/sursak colloq. shakily, unsteadily, quaveringly. sarsaklık shakiness, unsteadiness, sarsi tremor (caused by an earthquake), sarsık 1. shaken, rocked. 2. unsteady on his/ her feet. 3. prov. earthquake, sarsılma 1. being shaken, being jarred, being jolted. 2. /dan/ being laid low by, being hit hard by, being greatly weakened by (an illness/a shock/a downturn in one’s affairs), sarsılmak 1. to be shaken, be jarred, be jolted.
   2.    /dan/ to be laid low by, be hit hard by, be greatly weakened by (an illness/a shock/ a downturn in one’s affairs), sarsım 1. (a) shaking, (a) jolting. 2. astr. perturbation (in the orbital motion of a heavenly body).
sarsıntı 1. shake, jolt, tremor. 2. psych, shock.
                                                                                                      ‘satır
   3.     (brain) concussion, sarsıntılı 1. shaking, trembling; shaken. 2. uncertain, subject to unpredictable change, sarsıntısız 1. (s.t.) which moves without shaking/joggling, (vehicle) which doesn’t jolt its passengers. 2. calm, undisturbed (place/life), sarsma hi 1. shaking, jarring, jolting. 2. giving (s.o.) a shock. 3. weakening (one’s health); upsetting (one’s affairs), sarsmak hi 1. to shake, jar, jolt. 2. to give (s.o.) a shock. 3. to weaken (one’s health); to upset (one’s affairs).
Sasani (----------) hist. 1. (a) Sassanid. 2. Sas-
   sanid, of the Sassanids. sası prov. 1. (s.t.) which smells rotten and moldy. 2. stinking, smelly. — sası kokmak to stink, smell bad. sasıma prov. 1. smelling rotten and moldy. 2.
   stinking, smelling bad. sasımak prov. 1. to smell rotten and moldy. 2.
   to stink, smell bad. satak market, marketplace, sataşılma /a/ aggravating, provoking, annoying, sataşılmak /a/ impersonal passive to aggravate, provoke, annoy, sataşkan (s.o.) who likes to aggravate/provoke/ annoy.
sataşma /a/ aggravating, provoking, annoying, sataşmak /a/ to aggravate, provoke, annoy, saten 1. satin, 2. made of satin, sathi (.—) 1. superficial; shallow; cursory. 2.
   superficial, surface, pertaining to a surface, sathileşme (.— ..) becoming superficial, sathileşmek (.—..) to become superficial, sathileştirme (.— ...) hi making (s.t.) superficial.
sathileştirmek (.— ...) hi to make (s.t.) superficial.
sathilik (.—.) superficiality, superficialness, sati sale, selling. — ya çıkarmak hi to put (s.t.) up for sale.
satıcı 1. seller; salesman; saleswoman; salesclerk; sales representative, licensed dealer; peddler. 2. (s.o.) who works as a seller, satıcılık being a seller/a salesman, satıh, -thı 1. (a) surface. 2. geom. (a) plane, satılık (s.t.) which is for sale, —a çıkarmak hi to put (s.t.) up for sale. — kadm prostitute.
satılma 1. being sold. 2. /a/ selling o.s. traitorously to, selling out to. satılmak 1. to be sold. 2. /a/ to sell o.s. traitorously to, sell out to. satım sale, selling, satımca invoice, satımcı merchant, satımcılık being a merchant; trade, satimevi, -ni (./..) department store, satımlık 1. commission received by a seller. 2. invoice.
satin used in: — alıcı buyer, purchaser. — almak hi to buy, purchase.
’satır (a) line (of writing): Paragrafın üçüncü
 2satır
742
savsak
    satırında bir yanlış görüyorum. I see a mistake in the third line of the paragraph. 2satir meat cleaver. — atmak to wreak a great deal of destruction; to kill a lot of people, satır başı, -m (./..) head of a paragraph, place where a paragraph begins, satış sale, selling, —a çıkarmak /ı/ to put (s.t.) up for sale. — fiyatı selling price. — yeri sales outlet; sales agency, dealership, satışlık shop, satir 1. satire. 2. satyr, satirik satirical.
satkm 1. traitorous, treacherous. 2. traitor, satkmlik treachery, betrayal, satlıcan prov., path, pleurisy, satma III 1. selling. 2. putting on a show of, affecting, pretending to. 3. slang getting rid of (s.o.).
satmak hi 1. to sell. 2. to put on a show of, affect, pretend to: Adam malumat satıyor. The fellow’s pretending to knowledge (which he in no way possesses). 3. slang to get rid of (s.o.). kendini satmasını bilmek to know how to sell o.s. (used of people whose advancement rests, not on real merit, but on glib, self-adulatory talk), satıp savmak colloq. to sell all that one has. satranç chess. — satranç checkered, checked.
    —      tahtası chessboard. — taşı chessman, satrançlı checkered, checked.
satsuma (./.) satsuma, satsuma orange, sattırma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) sell (s.t.); hi having (s.t.) sold.
sattırmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) sell (s.t.); hi to have (s.t.) sold.
Saturnus (./.) Saturn (the Roman god). — şenlikleri the Saturnalia.
Satürn astr. Saturn, sauna (..'.) sauna.
sav 1. word, saying. 2. claim, assertion; argument. 3. law indictment, allegation, charge.
    4. log. thesis, proposition.
!sava prov. 1. good news. 2. news.
2sava prov. small anvil.
savacı prov. 1. bringer of good news. 2. bringer of news. 3. prophet, savak mechanism/construction designed to distribute water or control its flow, savan geog., see savana, savana (./.) geog. savanna, savannah (a tropical/ subtropical grassland).
Savaş astr. Mars.
savaş 1. war. 2. struggle, fight, striving. — açmak to start a war; to begin to fight. — bölgesi theater of war. — durumu state of war.
    —  gereçleri munitions. — ilanı declaration of war. — suçları war crimes. — tutsağı prisoner of war.
savaşçı 1. combatant, fighter, warrior. 2. smuggler, fighter. 3. hawk, person who advocates war or the use of military force. 4. warlike, bellicose, aggressive. 5. (s.o.) who’s willing to struggle (for s.t.). 6. (s.o.) who advocates
   war or the use of military force, savaşım struggle, fight, striving, savaşımcı 1. struggler, fighter. 2. (s.o.) who’s willing to struggle (for s.t.). savaşkan (s.o.) who fights hard and well, savaşma 1. fighting, battling, waging war. 2.
   /la/ fighting (against) (s.o./s.t.). savaşmak 1. to fight, battle, wage war. 2. /la/ to fight (against) (s.o./s.t.). savaşöncesi, -ni (./...) prewar, antebellum, savaşsonrası, -ni (./...) postwar, postbellum. savat, -ti 1. niello, the nielloing process. 2. incised design filled with niello, savatlama hi nielloing. savatlamak hi to niello, savatlı ornamented with niello work, nielloed, savca law written indictment, savcı public prosecutor; attorney general; district attorney.
savcılık 1. public prosecutorship; attorney generalship; district attorneyship; being a public prosecutor/an attorney general/a district attorney. 2. office of the public prosecutor/the attorney general/the district attorney (refers to a building). savdırma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) get rid of (s.o.). savdırmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) get rid of (s.o.). savla naut. signal halyard, savlama hi asserting, claiming, savlamak III to assert, claim, savlecan polo mallet.
savlet, -ti obs. fierce attack, onslaught, assault.
   —      etmek /a/ to attack fiercely, assault, savlik law written indictment, savma 1. hi getting rid of (s.o.). 2. hi getting over, getting rid of (an illness); getting through (a difficulty/a trying experience) successfully. 3. /a/ (of the cold) penetrating (to one’s bones). 4. withering (of flowers), savmak 1. Ill to get rid of (s.o.). 2. hi to get over, get rid of (an illness); to get through (a difficulty/a trying experience) successfully.
   3.  /a/ (for the cold) to penetrate (to one’s bones). 4. (for flowers) to wither.
savruk 1. careless, inattentive, (s.o.) who pays no attention to what he’s/she’s doing. 2. untidy, messy (person), savrukluk 1. carelessness, inattentiveness, inattention. 2. untidiness, messiness, savrulma 1. being winnowed; being thrown into the air. 2. being driven about, being scattered (by the wind). 3. being flung, being hurled.
   4.  being brandished; being wielded. 5. (of money) being spent prodigally.
savrulmak 1. to be winnowed; to be thrown into the air. 2. to be driven about, be scattered (by the wind). 3. to be flung, be hurled.
   4.     to be brandished; to be wielded. 5. (for money) to be spent prodigally, savruntu chaff (left after winnowing grain), savsak 1. careless, slipshod, apathetic (worker); (s.o.) who’s always putting off doing something. 2. neglectful, negligent, (s.o.) who neg-
 savsaklama                                       743
   lects to do things, savsaklama lif 1. putting off (doing s.t.) continually (merely because one finds the task disagreeable); putting (s.o.) off with an excuse. 2. neglecting (s.t.); neglecting (to do s.t.); neglect, savsaklamak III 1. to put off (doing s.t.) continually (merely because one finds the task disagreeable); to put (s.o.) off with an excuse.
    2. to neglect (s.t.); to neglect (to do s.t.). savsama /ı/ see savsaklama, savsamak hi see savsaklamak, savsöz (/.) slogan, savsözcü (/..) sloganeer, savsözcülük (/...) being a sloganeer; sloganeering.
savulma 1. standing aside, drawing aside, getting out of the way. 2. withdrawing, going away. 3. being gotten rid of. savulmak 1. to stand aside, draw aside, get out of the way. 2. to withdraw, go away. 3. to be gotten rid of. Savul! GangwayÎ/Clear the road!/Get out of the way! savunma 1. defense, Brit, defence. 2. Ill defending.
savunmak hi to defend, savunmalık defensive, savunman lawyer, savunu defense, Brit, defence, savunucu 1. defensive. 2. defender. 3. law counsel for the defense, savurgan extravagant, prodigal, wasteful, spendthrift.
savurganlık extravagance, prodigality, wastefulness.
savurma 1. Ill winnowing (grain); throwing (s.t.) into the air (as if winnowing). 2. hi (of the wind/waves/a current) driving (s.t.) about;
   (of the wind/a current) causing (s.t.) to stream out or trail out at full length. 3. hi throwing (s.t.) violently, hurtling, hurling, flinging. 4. hi brandishing (a sword); wielding (an implement). 5. hi landing (a blow/a kick). 6. hf flinging, letting fly (a curse); telling (a lie); talking (rot/claptrap). 7. hf dipping a spoon into (a boiling liquid) and then emptying the spoon back into the pot (done to prevent the liquid from boiling over). 8. hf wasting, spending prodigally. 9. exaggerating; bragging.
savurmak 1. hf to winnow (grain); to throw (s.t.) into the air (as if winnowing). 2. Ill (for the wind/waves/a current) to drive (s.t.) about; (for the wind/a current) to cause (s.t.) to stream out or trail out at full length. 3. hi to throw (s.t.) violently, hurtle, hurl, fling.
   4. h! to brandish (a sword); to wield (an implement). 5. hi to land (a blow/a kick). 6. hi to fling, let fly (a curse); to tell (a lie); to talk (rot/claptrap). 7. hi to dip a spoon into (a boiling liquid) and then to empty the spoon back into the pot (done to prevent the liquid from boiling over). 8. Ill to waste,
                                                                                                       saygı
   spend prodigally. 9. to exaggerate; to brag, savuşma 1. sneaking off, slipping away; giving someone the slip. 2. (of an illness/a difficulty) being past, being no more, savuşmak 1. to sneak off, slip away; to give someone the slip. 2. (for an illness/a difficulty) to be past, be no more, savuşturma hi 1. getting rid of, shaking (an illness); getting rid of, warding off (a disagreeable thing). 2. parrying, deflecting (a blow).
savuşturmak III 1. to get rid of, shake (an illness); to get rid of, ward off (a disagreeable thing). 2. to parry, deflect (a blow), say (—) obs. work, effort. — etmek obs., see say etmek.
saya upper (part of a shoe above the sole); vamp.
sayacı person who cuts out shoe uppers, sayaç meter (e.g. a water, a gas, or an electricity meter), counter, saydam transparent. — resim phot, slide, filmslide, transparency, lantern slide. — resim bakımlığı phot, slide-viewer. — resim göstericisi phot, slide-projector (a machine). — tabaka anat. cornea, saydamlama hi 1. making (s.t.) transparent. 2.
   phot, reducing the density of (a negative), saydamlamak hi 1. to make (s.t.) transparent. 2. phot, to reduce the density of (a negative).
saydamlaşma becoming transparent, saydamlaşmak to become transparent, saydamlaştırma hf making (s.t.) transparent, saydamlaştırmak hf to make (s.t.) transparent, saydamlık transparency, transparentness, saydırma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) count (s.t.). 2.
   causing (s.o.) to respect (s.o.). saydırmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) count (s.t.). 2.
   to cause (s.o.) to respect (s.o.). saye (—.) 1. obs. shadow; shade. 2. protection, assistance, favor, —sinde thanks to: Bilge’-nin sayesinde işi bitirdik. Thanks to Bilge we got the job done, bu/o — de thanks to this/that: Firma o sayede ayakta kalabildi. Thanks to that the business was able to stay afloat.
say etme (—'..) obs. working, striving, sayetmek (—'..) obs. to work, strive, sayfa 1. page (of a book, newspaper, letter, etc.). 2. subject, topic (of conversation). — bağlamak print, to page up, make (typeset matter) up into pages. — düzeni print. 1. layout. 2. making (typeset matter) up into pages, make-up, paging up. sayfalık of (so many) pages: bin sayfalık bir kitap a thousand-page book, sayfiye summer home, summer house, summer place. — yeri place that is popular with summer vacationers, saygı respect, esteem. S—lanmla, Very truly yours/Yours very truly, (used as the complimentary close of a letter). — duruşu
saygıdeğer
 744
saymak
     standing at attention in order to show respect.
     —      göstermek to show respect, behave respectfully. — nöbetçisi mil. soldier assigned to an honor guard, saygıdeğer estimable, worthy of esteem, saygıdeğerlik estimableness, saygılı respectful, saygililik respectfulness, saygm esteemed, respected, saygınlık esteem, respect, being esteemed, saygısız disrespectful.
  saygısızca (../.) 1. disrespectful. 2. disrespectfully.
  saygısızlık disrespectfulness, disrespect. — etmek /a/ to show disrespect to/for, disrespect.
. sayha obs. cry, shriek, sayı 1. number, unit in a numerical series. 2. number, specified total of (people/things): Onlar m sayısı yirmiyi geçmez. There’s no more than twenty of them. 3. number, issue (of a newspaper/a magazine). 4. sports point/ points scored in a game; basketball basket; soccer goal. — boncuğu abacus (a calculating instrument). — göstergesi sports scoreboard. —m suyum yok! (used by children)
     1.     Count me out! I’m not playing! (said angrily). 2. Let’s start the game over! (said after s.o. has broken a rule of the game). sayibilim (./..) see sayimbilim. sayıcı tax official who counts the number of animals in a farmer’s flock, sayıklama 1. talking in one’s sleep or while delirious. 2. /i/ talking constantly of (s.t. one longs for).
  sayıklamak 1. to talk in one’s sleep or while delirious. 2. /i/ to talk constantly of (s.t. one longs for).
  sayılama 1. h/ indicating (s.t.) in numerical terms. 2. statistics, sayilamaci see sayımlamacı, sayılamak hi to indicate (s.t.) in numerical terms, sayilamsal statistical.
  sayılı 1. counted, numbered. 2. bearing (a certain) number: 6 sayılı kart the card bearing the number six. 3. limited in number; in limited supply; few and far between. 4. (one of) a very few (persons/things): Onu görmüş olan sayılı kişilerden biridir. She’s one of the very few who saw him. 5. best, topnotch:
     O      kadın sayılı yazarlarımızdan biridir. She’s one of our best writers. 6. special, exceptional. — gün/günler çabuk/tez geçer. proverb Deadlines come to an end in no time flat. — koyunu kurt kapmaz/yemez. proverb If you make sure that both you and the person to whom you’re entrusting something know the exact amount and nature of what you’re handing over, that thing will probably not be stolen. — sarmısak, dikili soğan, colloq. These things/people are only so many in number, sayılma 1. being counted. 2. being respected.
sayılmak 1. to be counted. 2. to be respected, sayilti hypothesis.
sayım enumeration, count; census. — vergisi formerly tax whose amount depended on the number of animals one owned, sayimbilim (./..) (the science of) statistics, sayımlama statistics, sayımlamacı statistician.
Saym (used before the name of a person) 1. (in a letter) Dear ...,: Sayın Emine Hamm Dear Emine Hamm. 2. said when addressing or speaking of s.o.: Sayın Yıldız Yüksel Mrs. Yıldız Yüksel, saymtı (a) fiction.
sayısal 1. numerical. 2. digital. — bilgisayar digital computer, sayısız countless, innumerable, numberless, sayışım 1. accounting, calculating an account.
   2. account, financial record, sayışma 1. settling accounts with each other. 2. (of children) making a count to decide who’ll be “it” in a game, sayışmak 1. to settle accounts with each other.
   2.     (for children) to make a count to decide who’ll be “it” in a game, sayışman accountant.
Sayıştay the Government Accounting Bureau, saykal obs. polish, burnish, sheen (of a stone/a metallic object), saykallama fi! obs. polishing, burnishing, giving a sheen to (a stone/a metallic object), saykallamak 111 obs. to polish, burnish, give a sheen to (a stone/a metallic object), saykallanma obs. (of a stone/a metallic object) being polished, being burnished, saykallanmak obs. (for a stone/a metallic object) to be polished, be burnished, saylama 111 prov. choosing, saylamak 111 prov. to choose, saylav deputy, member of parliament, sayma 1. Ill counting, making a numerical count of. 2. Ill listing, specifying, enumerating. 3. counting, count. 4. Ill respecting, valuing, regarding (s.o./s.t.) as important. 5. Ill taking (s.o./s.t.) into account, considering. 6. hi deeming, regarding, reckoning, looking upon (s.o./s.t.) as. 7. /a/ paying (so much money) for.
saymaca 1 .fin. nominal; fiduciary. 2. nominal, not actual, (s.t.) which exists only in name or on paper. 3. (s.t. done) by counting, by making a count, saymak 1. Ill to count, make a numerical count of. 2. Ill to list, specify, enumerate. 3. to count: Çocuk yalnız birden ona kadar sayabiliyor. The child only knows how to count from one to ten. 4. Ill to respect, value, regard (s.o./s.t.) as important. 5. Ill to take (s.o./s.t.) into account, consider. 6. Ill to deem, regard, reckon, look upon (s.o./s.t.) as:
   O  sözü iltifat sayarım. I take that remark as a compliment. 7. /a/ to pay (so much money) for: Buna iki milyon lira saydım. I paid
saymamazlık
 745
sebilhane
   two million liras for this, sayıp dökmek /i/ to tell (everything), spill (it) all out, pour (it) all out: Dertlerini bana sayıp döktü. He poured out all his troubles to me. saymamazlık see saymazlik. sayman accountant.
saymanlık 1. being an accountant; accountancy.
   2.    accounting office. — işi accounting, calculating and recording accounts, saymazlik disrespect.
sayrı ill, sick, ailing. — düşmek to get sick, become ill. sayrıbakıcı (./...) nurse, saynevi, -ni (./..) hospital, sayrıl pathological, pertaining to disease, saynlanma getting sick, becoming ill. sayrilanmak to get sick, become ill. saynlarevi, -ni (../..) hospital, sayrılık sickness, disease. — ertesi dönemi (period of) convalescence. — oranı morbidity, sick rate, rate of sickness. — sayrılığı hypochondria. — sayrısı (a) hypochondriac. — ürküşü pathophobia, saynlikbilim (../..) pathology, sayrılıklı morbid, diseased, sayrımsak 1. malingerer. 2. (s.o.) who pretends to be ill.
                                                            sayrımsama malingering, pretending to be ill. sayrımsamak to malinger, pretend to be ill. sayvan 1. roof over a porch/a stoop; overhang of a roof, eave, eaves. 2. awning. 3. porch, stoop. 4. pleated border (added to a cloth article). 5. earlap, earflap, pinna.
*saz 1. a stringed instrument (which somewhat resembles a lute). 2. (any kind of) musical instrument. 3. group of musicians, —a gitmek to go to a cafe (or similar place) which has musicians who play traditional Turkish music. — heyeti group of musicians who play traditional Turkish music. — şairi minstrel who improvises songs, accompanying himself/herself with his/her ’saz. — takımı group of musicians who play traditional Turkish music.
2saz 1. rush, bulrush; cattail; sedge; reed. 2. made of rushes/bulrushes/cattails/sedge/ reeds. — benizli pale, pale-faced. — kalem reed pen. sazan zool. carp, Cyprinus carpio. sazangiller zool. Cyprinidae. sazcı mus. 1. ’saz player. 2. maker/seller of ’saz. sazende (-—..) obs. 1. musician (who plays one of the traditional Turkish instruments). 2. ’saz player.
sazlı 1. (s.o.) who has a *saz. 2. (place) which has musicians who play traditional Turkish music. — sözlü (an entertainment) which features music and singing, sazlık 1. place that is full of rushes/bulrushes/ cattails/sedge/reeds; reedbed. 2. rushy, sedgy, reedy (place), sazrengi, -ni (/..) 1. sedge (a color). 2. sedge -colored.
Sb chem. Sb (antimony).
Sb. (abbr. for subay) mil. Ofcr. (Officer).
Sc chem. Sc (scandium).
Se chem. Se (selenium), se three (a throw of dice), seans 1. session, sitting (of a committee/an assembly). 2. (a) treatment (an instance of therapeutic treatment): Adamın hastalığı yirmi seansta tedavi edildi. The man’s illness was cured after twenty treatments. 3. (a) showing (of a movie); (a) performance (of a play). 4. playing cards (a) game: bir poker seansı a game of poker. 5. (a) sitting (for one’s portrait). 6. spiritualism seance. Seba (.—) Saba, Sheba. — melikesi the Queen of Sheba.
sebat, -ti firmness, constancy, steadfastness; perseverance. — etmek/göstermek to hold fast to one’s purpose, show resolution; to persevere, sebatkâr see sebatlı.
sebatlı steadfast, steady, constant, unwavering;
    persevering, sebatsız (s.o.) who is not steadfast/persevering, sebatsızlık lack of steadfastness/perseverance, sebayüdü (.—'..) three and two (a throw of dice).
sebebiyet, -ti used in: — vermek /a/ to pave the way for; to bring about, cause, sebep 1. cause, reason. 2. pretext, excuse. 3. means, medium, —iyle because of, owing to.
   —   olan sebepsiz kalsın! May he/she suffer for this! (said of s.o. who has wronged one).
    —     olmak /a/ to bring about, cause, sebeplenme getting a share of the pie, getting
   a piece of the action, getting a share of something good that’s come to someone else, sebeplenmek to get a share of the pie, get a piece of the action, get a share of something good that’s come to someone else, sebepli used in: — sebepsiz colloq. for no evident reason, sebepsiz (s.t.) which is done for no apparent reason. — iktisap law, see sebepsiz zenginleşme. — kalmak colloq. to fall on hard times, grow poor. — kuş bile uçmaz, proverb You can’t do anything successfully without getting guidance from some source or other. — ölüm olmaz, proverb All deaths are foreordained. — zenginleşme law unjust enrichment.
sebil 1. kiosk built for the dispensing of free drinking water. 2. free drinking water distributed as an act of piety. — etmek /ı/ 1. to distribute (s.t.) free (as an act of piety). 2. to distribute (s.t.) lavishly, sebilci 1. itinerant who dispensed nominally free drinking water. 2. person who dispensed free drinking water from a kiosk, sebilhane (..— .) kiosk built for the dispensing of free drinking water. — bardağı gibi dizilmek (for people) to be lined up like peas in a pod (said derogatorily).
sebketme
746
sefaret
sebketme (/..) obs. preceding, anteceding (in time); happening, occurring, taking place (in the past).
sebketmek (/..) obs. to precede, antecede (in time); to happen, occur, take place (in the past), sebze vegetable, sebzeci vegetable seller, sebzecilik being a vegetable seller; selling vegetables.
sebzelik 1. vegetable garden. 2. vegetable bowl; vegetable dish (used for serving cooked vegetables). 3. vegetable tray (in a refrigerator).
sebzevat, -ti (..—) obs. vegetables, seccade (.—•) prayer rug. secde prostrating o.s. (while performing the namaz). — etmek (—ye varmak/kapanmak) to prostrate o.s. (while performing the namaz), seci, -c’i obs. rhymed prose, seciye (a person’s) character/nature/disposition, seciyeli (person) of high moral character, seciyesiz untrustworthy/treacherous (person), seçenek alternative, seçi choosing, selection, seçici selector, person who selects, —ler kurulu selection committee, jury, seçicilik being a selector, seçik 1. clear, not turbid. 2. phil. distinct, seçiklik 1. clearness, lack of turbidity. 2. phil.
*   distinctness, seçilme 1. being chosen, being selected. 2. being elected. 3. being perceived, seçilmek 1. to be chosen, be selected. 2. to be elected. 3. to be perceived, seçilmen delegate, representative, seçim 1. election. 2. choosing, selection. — bölgesi/çevresi election district; constituency.
    —     dönemi the period which extends from one general election to the next. — kampanyası election campaign. — kurulu election commission. — propagandası electioneering. — sandığı ballot box. — sistemi electoral system. — tutanağı official list of those elected, seçimlik (s.t.) which one may choose/reject at will; discretionary. — ders (an) elective, elective course, seçki anthology; chrestomathy. seçkin select, choice; distinguished, outstanding, superior; elite, —ler the elite, seçkinleşme becoming outstanding, distinguishing o.s; becoming elite, seçkinleşmek to become outstanding, distinguish o.s; to become elite, seçkinlik distinction, superiority; being elite, seçme 1. hi choosing, selecting. 2. /i/ electing.
    3. /i/ perceiving, distinguishing, seeing, discerning. 4. hi being choosy about, being particular about (s.t.); choosing (one’s friends) carefully. 5. select, choice; distinguished, outstanding, superior, —ler selections, selected
    articles. — ad pseudonym, pen name. — tuşu comp, option key. seçmece 1. (sold) by allowing the customer to pick and choose: Seçmece verirsen alırım. If you let me choose the ones I want, I’ll buy some from you. 2. (s.t.) sold by allowing the customer to pick and choose, seçmeci eclectic, seçmecilik eclecticism.
seçmek li/ 1. to choose, select. 2. to elect. 3. to perceive, distinguish, see, discern. 4. to be choosy about, be particular about (s.t.); to choose (one’s friends) carefully, seçmeli 1. optional, facultative; elective. 2. multiple-choice. — ders (an) elective, elective course.
seçmen voter; elector, —ler the electorate. — kütüğü electoral roll/register, seçtirme /ı, a/ causing (s.o.) to choose (s.o./s.t.). seçtirmek /ı, a/ to cause (s.o.) to choose (s.oJ s.t.).
sed, -ddi see ’set.
seda (.—) 1. voice, sound of a voice. 2. echo, sedalı (.—.) 1. phon. voiced, vocal, sonant. 2.
    (s.o.) who has (a certain kind of) voice, sedasız (.—.) phon. unvoiced, voiceless, surd, sedatif 1. sedative (agent). 2. (a) sedative, seddetme (/..) Ill obs. shutting, closing; shutting off; barricading; blockading, seddetmek (.'..) Ill obs. to shut, close; to shut off; to barricade; to blockade, sedef 1. mother-of-pearl, nacre. 2. made of mother-of-pearl, mother-of-pearl. — hastalığı path, psoriasis, sedefçi person who does inlay work using mother-of-pearl, sedefkâr (..—) see sedefçi, sedeflenme iridescence, sedefli decorated/inlaid with mother-of-pearl, sedefotu, -nu (..'..) bot. rue, Ruta graveolens. sedefotugiller (./....) bot. Rutaceae. sediman sediment, sedimantasyon sedimentation.
’sedir divan (a large, low couch with no back/ ends).
2sedir 1. bot. cedar, Cedrus. 2. cedar wood, cedar. 3. made of cedar, cedar, sedrebeki prov. stuff and nonsense, rot. sedye (/.) 1. stretcher, litter. 2. sedan chair, sedyeci (/..) stretcher-bearer, sedyelik (/..) (s.o.) so ill or badly injured that he/she has to be carried on a stretcher, sefa (.—) see safa.
sefahat, -ti (.—.) 1. dissoluteness, dissipation, debauchery, debauch. 2. reckless extravagance with money, profligacy, squandering, sefahet, -ti (.—.) see sefahat, sefain (.—.) obs. ships, boats, sefalet, -ti (.—.) 1. extreme poverty. 2. misery, wretchedness. 3. baseness, vileness. — çekmek to suffer extreme poverty. — e düşmek to be reduced to extreme poverty, sefaret, -ti (.—.) 1. ambassadorship; envoyship.
sefarethane
 747
seks
   2. embassy; legation; building housing the residence and office of an ambassador/an envoy.
sefarethane (.■—.— .) embassy; legation; building housing the residence and office of an ambassador/an envoy.
                             Sefer colloq., see Safer, sefer 1. journey; voyage. 2. mil. campaign; military expedition; war. 3. time; occasion: bu sefer this time, dört sefer four times, seferber mobilized for war; (person) who has gone off to war; (nation) which is at war. seferberlik mobilization for war; being at war. seferi (..—) 1. (s.o.) who is exempt from the Ramazan fast or from performing the namaz because he’s/she’s making a journey. 2. pertaining to a journey/a voyage. 3. mil. wartime, pertaining to a time of war; expeditionary. 4. mil. field, pertaining to the field, seferlik (s.t.) which is enough to last for (so many) times/occasions: İki seferlik et aldım. I bought enough meat to last us for two meals, bu seferlik for this one time only, just this once, sefertasi, -m (./..) shallow, lidded, metal container (used as a dinner pail); several such containers stacked one on top of the other and fastened together. — gibi colloq. very narrow, multistoried (house), sefih 1. dissolute, dissipated, debauched. 2. recklessly extravagant with money, profligate, sefil 1. extremely poor, very impoverished. 2. miserable, wretched. 3. pitifully worn-out/ dilapidated. 4. morally bankrupt, sefine (.—.) obs. ship, boat, vessel, sefir 1. ambassador. 2. envoy. —i kebir obs.
   ambassador, sefire (.—.) ambassadress, sefirlik 1. ambassadorship. 2. envoyship. segâh (.—) classical Turk. mus. a makam, seğirdim 1. footrace. 2. recoil (of a cannon). 3. slope (of a millrace). — yolu 1. protected walkway (forming part of the outer wall of a fortress). 2. walkway (formed by the loggia of a caravansary), seğirdişme bounding about together, seğirdişmek to bound about together, seğirme involuntary twitch (of a muscle/an eyelid).
seğirmek (for a muscle/an eyelid) to twitch involuntarily: Sağ gözüm seğirdi. My right eyelid twitched, seğirtme 1. bounding; running jumpingly; dashing. 2. unbaited fishing line, seğirtmek to bound, run jumpingly; to dash, seğmen young man who is traditionally dressed, armed, and mounted (in order to celebrate a festive event), seher 1. the period just before dawn. 2. daybreak, dawn, sehil, -hli obs. easy, simple. —i nı üniteni obs. piece of literary artistry remarkable for its limpidity and lack of contrivance.
 sehim, -hmi obs. 1. law share, portion. 2.fin.
   treasury bond, government bond, sehiv, -hvi obs. slip, error; inadvertence. — i kalem obs. slip of the pen. sehpa (.—) 1. tripod. 2. end table; coffee table.
   3.     easel. 4. music stand. 5. gallows (used for hanging criminals). —ya çekmek III to hang, string (s.o.) up. sehven (/.) obs. by mistake; inadvertently, sek, -ki 1. straight, (distilled liquor) to which nothing has been added. 2. dry (wine). 3. (drinking s.t.) straight: Viskiyi sek içti. He drank the whiskey straight, sekans cin., mus. sequence, sekant, -ti geom., trigonometry secant. Sekendiz astr. Saturn, sekene obs. inhabitants.
 ’seki 1. stone base (for a column/a post). 2. stone/wooden bench. 3. geol. bench, terrace, shelf. 4. doorsteps, stoop. 5. (man-made) terrace (in a hillside).
2seki white sock (of a horse), sekinci phil. 1. (a) quietist. 2. quietist, quietistic. sekincilik phil. quietism, sekiz eight. — köşe olmak slang to be in very good spirits, be in a very good mood, sekizer eight each, eight apiece: Onlara sekizer mandalina verdi. She gave them each eight tangerines, sekizer kişilik gruplar halinde in groups of eight. — sekizer in groups of eight; eight at a time, sekizgen geom. 1. octagon. 2. octagonal, sekizinci eighth.
 sekizli 1. (s.t.) which contains eight things. 2. the eight (in a suit of playing cards). 3. mus. octet. 4. mus. octave. 5. poet, octastich; octave, octet, sekizlik 1. (s.t.) designed to hold eight (things): sekizlik kalem kutusu a box designed to hold eight pencils. 2. (s.o.) aged eight. 3. (s.t.) worth eight liras. 4. mus. eighth note.
   5.     astr. Octans. 6. (an) eight year-old. 7. something worth eight liras, sekizyüzlü (./..) geom. 1. octahedron. 2. octahedral.
sekme 1. hopping. 2. skipping, jumping lightly and quickly. 3. ricocheting; (of a stone) skipping (over water). 4. letting up, abating. 5. fluctuating, varying, sekmek 1. to hop. 2. to skip, jump lightly and quickly. 3. to ricochet; (for a stone) to skip (over water). 4. to let up, abate. 5. to fluctuate, vary, sekmen prov. 1. stool. 2. step, stair, sekoya (..'.) bot. sequoia, Sequoia. sekreter secretary.
sekreterkuşu, -nu (../..) zool. secretary bird, Sagittarius serpentarius. sekreterlik 1. being a secretary; secretaryship.
   2.     office where secretaries work, sekreterya (../.) secretariat, seks sex. — hormonu biochem. sex hormone.
    —  kromozomu sex chromosome.
 seksapel                                        748
seksapel, -li sex appeal, it. seksek hopscotch.
                            seksen 1. eighty. 2. colloq. umpteen, a great many. — kapının ipini çekmek colloq. to go to many places; to apply to many places, seksener eighty each, eighty apiece. — seksener in groups of eighty; eighty at a time, sekseninci eightieth.
                            seksenlik 1. (s.t.) designed to hold eighty (things): seksenlik yumurta sandığı a box designed to hold eighty eggs. 2. octogenarian.
   3.    (s.t.) worth eighty liras. 4. (an) octogenarian. 5. something worth eighty liras, seksi colloq. sexy, seksiyon section, department, seksolog sexologist, seksoloji sexology, sekstant, -ti sextant, seksüel sexual.
                            sekte stoppage, cessation, interruption, suspension. —ye uğramak (— vermek) to come to a halt, cease; to be interrupted; to be impeded. — vurmak /a/ to bring (s.t.) to a halt; to interrupt; to impede, sektedar (..—) obs. brought to a halt; interrupted; impeded. — olmak to be brought to a halt; to be interrupted; to be impeded, sekteikalp, -bi (./..) obs. heart attack, sekter 1. sectarian, bigoted, narrow-minded. 2.
   (a) sectarian, bigot, sekterlik sectarianism, bigotry, narrow-mindedness.
sektirme /ı/ 1. causing (a person/an animal) to hop/skip. 2. causing (s.t.) to ricochet, sektirmek /ı/ 1. to cause (a person/an animal) to hop/skip. 2. to cause (s.t.) to ricochet, sektirmeme III 1. not missing, not omitting (a thing). 2. not neglecting (one’s work), not letting (one’s work) slide, sektirmemek /ı/ 1. not to miss, not to omit (a thing). 2. not to neglect (one’s work), not to let (one’s work) slide, sektör sector.
sel torrent, swift and violent flood of water. — gider, kum kalır, proverb Don’t get excited about those things that are here today and gone tomorrow; think instead of those things that you must contend with over a long period of time. — e gitmek colloq. to be needlessly wasted. — götürmek hi 1. for it to rain cats and dogs in (a place). 2. for rain to cause flooding in (a place). — ile gelen yel ile gider, proverb Easy come; easy go. — seli götürmek colloq. for water to flood violently over a place. — i suyu kalmamış colloq. juiceless, no longer juicy; too thick/dry (owing to overcooking), selam 1. greeting, salutation, hello. 2. mil. salute. S —! colloq. Hello!/Hi! —mı almak Iml to return (s.o.’s) greeting, greet (s.o.) in return; to say hello to (s.o.) in return. — dur! mil. Present arms! —a durmak to rise respectfully, stand up respectfully (in s.o.’s
                                                                                          selatin
   presence/as s.o. passes), —mı esirgemek /dan/ to refuse to greet (s.o.); to refuse to say hello to (s.o.). — etmek/göndermek /a/ to send (s.o.) one’s regards, say hello to. — para, kelam para, proverb I’m having to pay out money every time I turn around, —i sabahı kesmek /la/ colloq. to break off relations with (s.o.), stop speaking to (s.o.).
   —  söylemek /a, dan/ to give (s.o.) (one’s) regards, send (one’s) regards to (s.o.), say hello to: Ona benden selam söyle. Give him my regards. Sami sana selam söyledi. Sami sends you his regards ./Sami says hello to you. — vermek 1. /a/ to greet (s.o.). 2. to turn one’s head to the right and to the left at the end of the namaz. — verip borçlu çıkmak colloq. to throw out a proposal and then get saddled with the job of carrying it out; to open one’s mouth and thus get landed with a job.
selamet, -ti (.—.) 1. soundness; healthiness, correctness. 2. safety, security; peace, well-being, freedom from worry. 3. success, favorable outcome. 4. salvation, deliverance. — le safely, safe and sound. S—le! God speed!
   —  bulmak (—e çıkmak/ermek) 1. to reach safety. 2. to be delivered from trouble. 3. (for s.t.) to turn out well.
selametleme (.—...) /ı/ seeing (s.o.) off; wishing (s.o.) a good trip, selametlemek (.— ...) Ill to see (s.o.) off; to wish (s.o.) a good trip, selamlama hi 1. greeting. 2. mil. saluting, selamlamak III 1. to greet. 2. mil. to salute, selamlanma 1. being greeted. 2. mil. being saluted.
selamlanmak 1. to be greeted. 2. mil. to be saluted.
selamlaşma greeting each other, exchanging greetings.
selamlaşmak to greet each other, exchange greetings.
selamlık 1. the part of a large Muslim house reserved for the men. 2. hist, the public procession of the sultan to a mosque at noon on Fridays.
selamotu, -nu (./..) bot. lovage, Levisticum officinale.
selamsız used in: — sabahsız 1. without even saying a word, without so much as a “How do you do?” 2. (s.o.) who is not prone to greeting people, who is not prone to saying hello to people, selamünaleyküm (.—../.) Peace be with you (a greeting used by Muslims). — demeden without so much as a by-your-leave. — kör kadi! Don’t speak so bluntly!
                                                      Selanik (.—'.) Salonika, Thessalonica. — örgüsü a pattern of knitting, selaset, -ti (.—.) obs. fluency, smoothness, gracefulness (in writing/speech), selatin (.— —) sultans. — camii mosque built by a sultan, a sultan’s wife, or a sultan’s
selbetme
 749
semer
    child. — meyhane formerly large cafe serving wine and raki. selbetme (/..) hi obs. 1. taking-by force. 2. taking away, eliminating, destroying. 3. log., gram, negating, negation, selbetmek (/..) hi obs. 1. to take by force. 2. to take away, eliminate, destroy. 3. log., gram, to negate, selbi(.—) obs., log., gram, negative, negating, privative.
Selçuk (/.) Seljuk, of the Seljuks.
Selçuki -) obs., see Selçuklu.
Selçuklu (./.) 1. (a) Seljuk. 2. Seljuk, of the Seljuks.
’sele flattish wicker basket. — zeytini olives processed using comparatively little salt. 2sele saddle seat (of a bicycle).
3sele see sere.
selef (one’s) predecessor (in a position), selek prov. generous, seleksiyon selecting, selection, selektif selective, selektivite selectivity.
selektör 1. selector (a mechanical device). 2. dimmer (device for dimming/brightening automobile headlights). 3. mech. clutch pedal.
    4.    sifter, sifting machine (used in flour milling). — yapmak 1. to dim/brighten/blink the headlights (of an automobile). 2. /a/ slang to wink at (s.o.); to give (s.o.) the glad eye. selen prov. sound, noise, selentereler zool. Coelenterata. selenyum (./.) chem. selenium, selesta mus. celesta.
selfservis (/..) 1. self-service. 2. self-service business establishment, selika (.—.) obs. talent for speaking/writing well.
selim obs. 1. sound; healthy; flawless. 2. path. benign.
selinti 1. small torrent, rivulet (caused by rain or melting snow). 2. runnel, small channel (created by a heavy rain or melting snow).
    3.    prov. debris and mud (deposited by rainwater or melting snow), selis obs. fluent, graceful (style of writing/speaking).
sellenme streaming of water (from rain or melting snow) down a slope in rivulets or small torrents, selman obs., used in: — etmek slang to beg (for alms), selofan cellophane.
seloteyp Scotch tape, cellophane tape, Brit. Sell otape.
                                                              selp obs. 1. taking by force. 2. taking away, eliminating, destroying. 3. log., gram, negating, negation. — etmek hi see selbetmek. selsebil (..—) 1. Islam a spring in Paradise. 2.
    tiered, ornamental fountain (built into a wall), selülit, -ti path, cellulitis, seliiloit celluloid, selüloz cellulose.
selülozik 1. cellulosic. 2. (a) cellulosic. selva (/.) tropical rain forest, selva, selvi bot., see servi.
selviçe (./.) naut. running ropes, running rigging-
sem, -mmi obs. poison.
’sema (.—) firmament, sky.
2sema (.—) whirling dance performed by the Mevlevi dervishes. — etmek (for a Mevlevi dervish) to whirl.
Semadirek Samothrace. semafor semaphore, semaforcu semaphorist. semahane (.--------.) building where Mevlevi der-
    vishes perform the sema, semahat, -ti (.—.) obs. generosity, munificence.
semai (.-------) 1. lit. a poetic form (favored by
    folk poets and used to create songs which are sung according to a certain usul). 2. traditional Turk, music an usul. 3. song (written in accordance with the semai poetic form and musical usul). — kahvesi a kahve frequented by folk poets, seman 1. cementum (of a tooth). 2. metallurgy cement (used in cementation), semantasyon metallurgy cementation, semantem ling, semanteme, semantik 1. semantics. 2. semantic, semantical, semaver (.-—.) samovar.
semavi (.------) celestial, firmamental.
semazen (.—.) 1. a Mevlevi who performs the sema. 2. (a Mevlevi) who performs the sema, sembol, -lü symbol, sembolik symbolic, symbolical, sembolist, -ti fine arts, lit. 1. (a) Symbolist. 2.
    Symbolist, of the Symbolists, sembolizm fine arts, lit. Symbolism, sembolleştirme hi symbolizing, symbolization, sembolleştirmek hi to symbolize, seme slow and stupid, dull, slow-witted. — tavuk off. slow-witted person, dodo, semeleşme becoming slow and stupid, becoming dull/slow-witted, semeleşmek to become slow and stupid, become dull/slow-witted.
’semen obs. fatness. — gelmek (— peyda etmek) to get fat.
2semen obs. price, selling price.
3semen obs., bot. jasmine, Jasminum officinale. 4semen biol. semen.
semender 1. zool. salamander, Caudata. 2.
    mythology salamander, semendergiller zool. Salamandridae. Semendirek see Semadirek. semer 1. packsaddle. 2. stout, padded frame (used by a porter to support the load on his back). 3. geol. anticline. 4. slang buttocks, backside, rear end. —ini dayamak Iml 1. to stable (an animal). 2. colloq. to fire (s.o.).
   —   devirmek slang to have a wet dream.
   —i devirmek colloq. to sprawl on one’s back. — i dövmek colloq. to hesitate (before
semerci
 750
sendikalaştırma
   taking on a burden/a responsibility). — vurmak /a/ to put a packsaddle on (an animal), —ini yere vurmak colloq. to resign (from an office/a position), semerci maker/seller of packsaddles or porters’ frames.
semercilik making/selling packsaddles or porters’ frames, semere 1. gain, profit, yield. 2. result, outcome, fruit. 3. fruit (of a plant). — vermek to prove fruitful, yield the results one desires, semereli fruitful, (action) which yields the results one desires, semetme (/..) Ill obs. hearing; listening to. semetmek (/..) Ill obs. to hear; to listen to. semi, -m’i obs. hearing; listening, semih obs. generous, munificent, seminer seminar.
semirgin fat and lazy; (s.o.) who’s fat because he’s/she’s lazy; (s.o.) who’s lazy because he’s/she’s fat. semirme growing fat, getting fat. semirmek to grow fat, get fat. semirtme 111 fattening, semirtmek h! to fatten, semiyoloji semeiology.
semiyotik 1. semiotic, semiotics. 2. semiotic, semiotical. semiz fat (animal/person), semizleme see semizleşme, semizlemek see semizleşmek, semizleşme growing fat, getting fat. semizleşmek to grow fat, get fat. semizlik fatness.
semizotu, -nu (./..) bot. purslane, Portulaca oleracea.
semizotugiller (./....) bot. Portulacaceae. sempati 1. (an individual/mutual) attraction/ liking. 2. psych, sympathy. — duymak/bes-lemek /a/ to feel attracted to, take to (s.o.).
   —     sinirleri anat. sympathetic nerves, sempatik 1. likable, attractive, simpatico. 2. anat., path, sympathetic. — sinir sistemi anat. sympathetic nervous system, sempatizan sympathizer, person who sympathizes with the views of a certain group, sempozyum (./.) symposium, semptom path, symptom, semt, -ti 1. neighborhood, part, district, quarter (of a city/a town). 2. obs., astr. azimuth.
   —i kadem obs v astr. nadir. — semt in every neighborhood: İstanbul’u semt semt dolaştık. We wandered around every neighborhood in Istanbul, —ine uğramamak Iml colloq. to stop visiting (s.o.); to stop frequenting (a place).
semtiirreis, -re’si (/...) obs., astr. zenith, semum (.—) obs. simoom, simoon, samiel. sen you, obs. thou. — ağa, ben ağa, koyunlan kim sağa? proverb How can we get this job done if everyone regards it as being too lowly a task for him to do? —in aradığın kantar, Bursa’da kestane tartar, colloq.
   That method may work somewhere else, but not here. — bilirsin, colloq. As you like ./As you will./OK, if that’s what you think is right A leave it up to you. — bilirsin deyince (değirmende) kavga olmaz, proverb If one wants to avert a quarrel, one gives in to the other person. — inki (tatlı) can da benimki/ elinki patlıcan mi? colloq. Just what do you mean by asking me to do something which you regard as being too tiring/dangerous for you to do? —den devletli ile ortak olma. proverb Don’t go partners with someone who’s richer than you are. — giderken ben geliyordum, colloq. You can’t fool me; I can foresee your every move, —in gönlün Döndü ile Döne’de, benim gönlüm inek ile danada. colloq. Our tastes are completely different. — işlersen mal işler, insan öyle genişler. proverb If you want to get rich, you must work hard. — işten korkma, iş senden korksun, proverb Don’t waste time thinking how hard a job is; just set to and try to get it done. — kazan da düşmana kalsın, proverb If you can make money, make it; and don’t worry about who may get it after you’ve died. — kim oluyorsun? What are you interfering for? (said angrily).
   —   olursan bensiz, ben de olurum sensiz. proverb When X ceases to be Y’s friend, Y ceases to be X’s friend. — sağ, ben selamet. colloq. The job’s over and done with. — sen, ben ben. proverb You’ve no right to interfere in my affairs and I’ve no right to interfere in yours ./Each of us is a free agent. — sen
   ol     .... never; Sen sen ol, bir daha bunu yapma! Don’t you ever do this again! sena (.—) obs. praise. — etmek hi to praise, senarist, -ti scenarist, senaryo (./.) scenario, senaryocu (./..) scenarist, senato (./.) senate, senatör senator, senatörlük senatorship. senbernar Saint Bernard (a breed of dog), sence (/.) according to you, in your opinion, as far as you are concerned, sendeleme 1. staggering, tottering, reeling, lurching. 2. being staggered, being shocked, sendelemek 1. to stagger, totter, reel, lurch. 2.
   to be staggered, be shocked, sendik law receiver (in a bankruptcy case), sendika (./.) labor union, union, Brit, trade union.
sendikacı (./..) unionist, person who is active in or favors the work of organized labor, sendikacılık (./...) unionism, sendikal pertaining to a labor union, union, Brit.
   trade-union. sendikalaşma organizing themselves into a labor union, sendikalaşmak to organize themselves into a labor union, sendikalaştırma 111 unionizing (a group).
sendikalaştırmak
 751
septisizm
sendikalaştırmak fil to unionize (a group), sendikalı (./..) 1. member of a labor union. 2.
    (s.o.) who belongs to a union, sendrom path, syndrome, sene year.
Senegal, -l’i (./.) 1. Senegal. 2. Senegalese, of Senegal.
Senegalli (..'..) 1. (a) Senegalese. 2. Senegalese (person), senek prov. wooden water pitcher/jug. senelik 1. (s.t.) which extends over (so many) years: beş senelik bir kontrat a five-year contract. 2. of (so many) years of age: elli senelik bir ağaç a fifty-year-old tree. 3. annual, yearly. 4. for a year. 5. annual payment; annual rent; annual dues, senet 1. document which serves as proof of a business transaction; voucher; negotiable instrument; security. 2. promissory note. 3. title deed. — sepet colloq. written proof of a business transaction. — vermek /a/ 1. to give (s.o.) written certification. 2. to give (s.o.) one’s word that, guarantee that, senetleşme giving each other written certification.
senetleşmek to give each other written certification.
                                                            senetli certified or set forth in writing. — sepetli colloq. fully certified or set forth in writing, senetsiz (s.t.) which lacks written certification, uncertified. — sepetsiz colloq. (s.t.) which has no written certification whatsoever, senevi (..—) obs. 1. annual, yearly. 2. annually;
    in a year; for a year, senfoni symphony. — orkestrası symphony orchestra, senfonik symphonic.
seni used in exclamations which are meant to chide affectionately: Seni gidi seni! You devil! Seni yaramaz seni! You naughty little rascal you!
senin your; yours. — le with you. — için for you.
seninki, -ni yours, that which belongs to you. senit prov. board on which dough is kneaded, senkop, -pu 1. mus. syncopation. 2. med. syncope.
senkretizm syncretism, senkron see senkronik, senkronik synchronous, synchronic, senkronizasyon synchronization, senkronizm synchronism, synchronicity. senlibenli (./..) colloq. 1. (people) who are on familiar terms. 2. on familiar terms; familiarly. — konuşmak to talk with each other on familiar terms; to talk in a free-and-easy manner. — olmak to be on familiar terms with each other; /la/ to be free and easy (with).
senozoik (../.) geol. 1. the Cenozoic era or system of rocks, the Cenozoic. 2. Cenozoic, of the Cenozoic. sensen a spiced substance chewed in order to
    sweeten one’s breath, sentaks gram, syntax, sentaktik gram, syntactic, syntactical, sentetik synthetic, sentez synthesis.
senyör 1. hist, seignior, seigneur, a feudal lord.
    2. seignior (a title of nobility in France), sepek prov. shaft of a millstone, sepet, -ti 1. basket. 2. made of wicker/splints/ cane. 3. basket (used as a goal in basketball).
    4. wicker fish trap; wicker lobster pot. 5. sidecar (of a motorcycle). — havası çalmak /a/ slang to fire, dismiss. — işi basketwork, basketry, basketwork objects. — kafalı colloq. 1. blockhead. 2. blockheaded, stupid.
    —te pamuğu olmamak /m/ colloq. not to know very much about anything. — sandık
    1. trunk/chest made of basketwork covered in leather. 2. chests and boxes.
sepetçi maker/seller of baskets, sepetçilik making/selling baskets, sepetçisöğüdü, -nü (../...) bot. basket osier, basket willow, Salix viminalis. sepetkulpu, -nu (./..) arch, basket-handle arch, sepetleme /if 1. putting into baskets, basketing.
    2. colloq. getting rid of (s.o.); sending (s.o.) packing; firing.
sepetlemek /ı/ 1. to put into baskets, basket. 2. colloq. to get rid of (s.o.); to send (s.o.) packing; to fire.
sepetlenme 1. being put into baskets, being basketed. 2. colloq. being got rid of; being sent packing; being fired, sepetlenmek 1. to be put into baskets, be basketed. 2. colloq. to be got rid of; to be sent packing; to be fired, sepetlik 1. (material) suitable for making baskets. 2. (s.t.) which is enough to fill (so many) baskets. 3. colloq. projection (on a building), sepettopu, -nu (./..) basketball, sepi 1. tanning (hides). 2. dressing pelts (which have hair/wool/fur on them). — vermek /a/ to dress (a pelt). — yeri 1. tannery. 2. place where pelts are dressed, sepici 1. tanner. 2. dresser of pelts, sepicilik 1. tanning. 2. dressing pelts, sepileme /ı/ 1. tanning (a hide). 2. dressing (a pelt).
sepilemek /ı/ 1. to tan (a hide). 2. to dress (a pelt).
sepilenme 1. (of a hide) being tanned. 2. (of a pelt) being dressed, sepilenmek 1. (for a hide) to be tanned. 2. (for a pelt) to be dressed, sepili 1. tanned (hide). 2. dressed (pelt), sepmeprov. l./if sprinkling; scattering. 2. raining lightly, drizzling, sprinkling, sepmek prov. 1. /i/ to sprinkle; to scatter. 2. to rain lightly, drizzle, sprinkle, septik 1. skeptical. 2. (a) skeptic, septisemi path, septicemia, septisizm skepticism.
sepya
752
sergici
sepya (/.) 1. sepia (the color). 2. sepia drawing/ paint/photograph. 3. sepia, sepia-colored. *ser 1. head. 2. top, summit, apex. —de ... var! colloq. 1. What else can you expect? He’s/ She’s got ... in his/her blood.: Serde maceracılık var! What can one do? He’s a bom adventurer. Serde gençlik var! He’s young.
   So  what else can you expect? 2. Oh, but we can’t forget that he’s/she’s ..., can we? (said sarcastically): Serde öğretmenlik var! Oh, but we can’t forget that he’s a teacher, can we? — verip sır vermemek colloq. to die rather than disclose a secret, keep a secret no matter what.
2ser see sera.
sera (/.) greenhouse, hothouse, conservatory; (propagating) pit; hotbed; cold frame. *— etkisi greenhouse effect, seracı (/..) 1. builder/seller of greenhouses. 2. commercial grower of hothouse flowers/ vegetables/fruits, seracılık (/...) 1. building/selling greenhouses. 2. commercial growing of hothouse flowers/ vegetables/fruits, serak geol. serac.
seramik 1. ceramic objects. 2. ceramic, made of ceramic.
seramikçi 1. ceramicist, ceramist. 2. seller of ceramic objects, seramikçilik 1. ceramics, the art of shaping and firing ceramic objects. 2. selling ceramic objects, serap mirage.
                                                             serapa (/— —) obs. totally, completely; from head to foot, serasker Ott. hist. 1. the Minister of War for the Sultan. 2. commander-in-chief (of an army). — kapısı the Ministry of War. serazat (/— —) obs. 1. free, unrestricted. 2.
   unconfined, free to roam. 3. carefree, serbaz (.—) obs. brave, fearless, serbest, -ti 1. free, unrestricted. 2. open, unobstructed. 3. unconstrained, at ease. 4. unconfined, free to roam. 5. freely, without hindrance. 6. (woman) who behaves in too free -and-easy a way around men. — bırakmak III to set (s.o./an animal) free, free. — bölge foreign-trade zone, free zone. — dış ticaret politikası free foreign trade policy. — güreş catch-as-catch-can wrestling, catch-as-catch -can. — liman free port. — meslek sahibi
    1.     self-employed person. 2. self-employed (person). — vuruş soccer free kick, serbestçe (./.) freely, serbesti (..—) freedom, lack of restriction, serbestleme breathing easily, feeling relieved (after getting out of a difficult situation), serbestlemek to breathe easily, feel relieved (after getting out of a difficult situation), serbestlik 1. freedom, lack of restriction. 2. unconstrainedness, lack of constraint, easy manner.
serçe zool. English sparrow, house sparrow, Pas-
   ser domesticus. — kadar colloq. very small, —den korkan darı ekmez, proverb You shouldn’t get involved in something unless you’re willing to face the dangers that are a part of it. serçegiller zool. Passeriformes. serçeparmak (./..) 1. little finger (of the human hand), minimus. 2. little toe (of the human foot), minimus, serdar Ott. hist, commander-in-chief (of an army), sirdar, sardar, serdar, serdengeçti person ready to sacrifice his life (for a cause/a person); person who willingly risks his life (for a cause/a person), serdengeçtilik being ready to sacrifice one’s life (for a cause/a person); willingly risking one’s life (for a cause/a person), serdetme (.'..) Ill obs. asserting, putting forward, setting forth, serdetmek (/..) hi obs. to assert, put forward, set forth.
serdirme /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) spread (s.t.) out.
   2.    having (s.o.) hang (s.t.) up to dry. serdirmek /i, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) spread (s.t.)
   out. 2. to have (s.o.) hang (s.t.) up to dry. serdümen naut. 1. helmsman. 2. quartermaster, sere a length corresponding to the span between the thumb and the index finger, serebellum (../.) anat. cerebellum, serebral cerebral. — korteks anat. cerebral cortex.
serebrum (./.) anat. cerebrum, seremoni ceremony.
seren 1. naut. yard; boom. 2. doorjamb, doorpost. 3. upright post (to which the winders of a spiral staircase are attached), serenat serenade.
serencam (..—) obs. 1. end, conclusion; result.
   2.    adventure, noteworthy event/experience, sereserpe (./..) 1. (stretched out) at full length comfortably. 2. (moving around) freely, comfortably, serf serf.
sergen 1. prov. shelf (usually placed near the ceiling of a room). 2. prov. rack on which certain farm crops are dried. 3. cupboard. 4. show window, shopwindow; display case, vitrine.
sergerde obs. ringleader (of s.t. unlawful); bandit chief.
sergerdelik obs. being a ringleader; the position of ringleader, sergi 1. exhibition, show; display. 2. prov. rug; mat; cloth (on which a meal is laid out). 3. prov. rack on which certain farm crops are spread to dry. — açmak to hold an exhibition; to display one’s wares. — olmak colloq. to sprawl o.s. out (because one is dog -tired). — sermek 1. to set up a display. 2. to spread things out to dry. 3. to spread out a rug/a mat/a cloth, sergici person who has set up a display of things to sell.
sergievi
                                                            sergievi, -ni (./..) art gallery; exhibition hall, display building, sergileme 111 1. exhibiting, exhibition, displaying, putting (s.t.) on display, display. 2. showing, setting forth, sergilemek hi 1. to exhibit, display, put (s.t.)
    on display. 2. to show, set forth, sergilenme 1. being exhibited. 2. being shown, being set forth, sergilenmek 1. to be exhibited. 2. to be shown, be set forth, sergilik 1. worth exhibiting. 2. show window, shop window; display case, vitrine, sergin 1. spread out, laid out. 2. sick in bed, bedfast, bedridden. — vermek to be sick in bed.
sergüzeşt, -ti adventure, sergüzeştçi adventurer; adventuress, serhat, -ddi obs. border, frontier (of a country), ’seri 1. series. 2. comp, serial. — imalat mass production.
2seri, -ii (.—) quick, swift, rapid, speedy, serian (.—'.) obs. quickly, swiftly, rapidly, speedily.
serici road-paver (machine which spreads paving material).
’serili of (a certain) series.
2serili /a/ stretched out on (s.t.); spread out on (s.t.); laid out on (s.t.). serilme 1. being spread out. 2. being hung up.
    3.    being sent sprawling, being flattened (by a blow). 4. sprawling o.s. out. serilmek 1. to be spread out. 2. to be hung up.
    3.    to be sent sprawling, be flattened (by a blow). 4. to sprawl o.s. out. serilip serpilmek colloq. 1. to sprawl out lazily and comfortably, sprawl at full length, spread-eagle o.s. 2. (for a child) to grow, serin cool; chill, chilly. — gelmek slang not to get angry, to keep cool, serinkanlı (.*"••) cool-headed, imperturbable, serinkanlılık (./...) cool-headedness, imperturbability.
serinleme 1. getting cool, cooling off; getting chilly. 2. feeling relieved, feeling better (emotionally).
                                                            serinlemek 1. to get cool, cool off; to get chilly.
    2. to feel relieved, feel better (emotionally), serinlenme cooling o.s. off, getting cool, serinlenmek to cool o.s. off, get cool, serinleşme (of the weather) getting cool, cooling off; getting chilly, serinleşmek (for the weather) to get cool, cool off; to get chilly, serinletme 111 cooling (s.o./s.t.). serinletmek 111 to cool (s.o./s.t.). serinlik 1. sensation of coolness, coolness. 2. cool, coolness; chill, chilliness. — vermek /a/ 1. to cool (s.o./s.t.). 2. to relieve, give (s.o.) comfort, serit, -ti geol. cerite. serj serge. ,
                                                            serkeş 1. unruly, intractable, refractory. 2. un-
753                                       serpiştirme
   ruly/refractory person. — öküz soluğu kasap dükkânında alır, proverb One can pay a heavy price for being unruly, serkeşlik unruliness, intractableness, refractoriness.
serlevha obs. title, heading, sermaye (.—.) 1. capital (money/property used for the production of more wealth). 2. colloq. outlay; cost price; production cost. 3. wealth.
   4.    slang prostitute, whore. — n bir yumurta ise taşa çal. proverb If you see that you completely lack the means to accomplish something, give it up. — yi kediye yüklemek colloq. to throw one’s money to the wind. — koymak /a/ to put/invest capital in. — piyasası capital market, sermayeci (.—..) 1. investor/owner of capital.
   2. (s.o.) who owns/invests capital, capitalist, sermayecilik (.— ...) owning/investing capital, sermayedar (.—..) investor/owner of capital, serme 1. /ı, a/ spreading (s.t.) out on (the ground/the floor); spreading (s.t.) over; spreading (s.t.) out in (the sun). 2. /i, a/ hanging (s.t.) up on (a line). 3. Ill colloq. sending (s.o.) sprawling, flattening (s.o.). 4. Ill colloq. neglecting (s.t.). sermek 1. /ı, a/ to spread (s.t.) out on (the ground/the floor); to spread (s.t.) over; to spread (s.t.) out in (the sun). 2. /i, a/ to hang (s.t.) up on (a line). 3. Ill colloq. to send (s.o.) sprawling, flatten (s.o.). 4. Ill colloq. to neglect (s.t.). sere serpe colloq. 1. (stretched out) at full length, comfortably. 2. (moving around) freely, comfortably, sermest, -ti obs. drunk, intoxicated, sermuharrir (/...) obs. editor-in-chief, sermürettip (/...) obs. chief typesetter, chief compositor, seroloji serology, serom see serum.
serpantin 1. serpentine, paper streamer. 2. a flexible tube-shaped device which is coiled up and placed in something to expand it. 3. geol. serpentine, serpeleme sprinkling down (of rain); spitting down (of snow), serpelemek (for rain) to sprinkle down; (for snow) to spit down, serpici sprinkler head (of a sprinkler system installed for fire protection), serpilme 1. being sprinkled, being scattered. 2. growing (of a child). 3. sprinkling down (of rain); spitting down (of snow), serpilmek 1. to be sprinkled, be scattered. 2. (for a child) to grow. 3. (for rain) to sprinkle down; (for snow) to spit down, serpinti 1. sprinkle (of rain); spit (of snow). 2. spray; scattered drops. 3. last traces, vestiges.
   4.    fallout. (...) —leri ... in scattered groups, scattered groups of ...: yıldız serpintileri stars in scattered groups, serpiştirme 1. Ill sprinkling/scattering (s.t.) here and there in small quantities. 2. sprinkling
 serpiştirmek                                    754
   down (of rain); spitting down (of snow), serpiştirmek 1. hi to sprinkle/scatter (s.t.) here and there in small quantities. 2. (for rain) to sprinkle down; (for snow) to spit down, serpme 1. hi sprinkling, sprinkle; scattering, scatter. 2. sprinkling down (of rain); spitting down (of snow). 3. sprinkled about; scattered about; sprinkled with. 4. fishing cast net, casting net.
serpmek 1. hi to sprinkle; to scatter. 2. (for rain) to sprinkle down; (for snow) to spit down, serptirme /ı, a/ having (s.o.) sprinkle/scatter (s.t.).
serptirmek /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) sprinkle/scatter (s.t.). serpuş headgear.
sersefil (/..) 1. wretchedly poor. 2. very miserable, thoroughly wretched, sersem 1. stupefied, dazed. 2. confused, muddled, addled, bumfuzzled. 3. muddleheaded, addlepated. — etmek (—e çevirmek) hi 1. to stupefy, daze. 2. to get (s.o.) confused, addle. — sepelek/sepet colloq. 1. in a daze, dazedly. 2. dazed, sersemleme 1. becoming stupefied/dazed. 2. becoming confused/muddled. 3. becoming muddleheaded, sersemlemek 1. to become stupefied/dazed. 2. to become confused/muddled. 3. to become muddleheaded, sersemleşme see sersemleme, sersemleşmek see sersemlemek, sersemletme hi 1. stunning, stupefying, dazing.
   2. confusing, muddling (s.o.) up, addling, sersemletmek hi 1. to stun, stupefy, daze. 2. to confuse, muddle (s.o.) up, addle, sersemlik 1. dazedness; feeling of dazedness.
   2. mental confusion. 3. muddleheadedness, muddleheaded action, serseri 1. (a) ne’er-do-well, (a) good-for-noth-ing; (a) layabout, (a) bum, (a) loafer. 2. (a) vagrant, (a) tramp, (a) hobo. 3. ne’er-do-well, good-for-nothing; pertaining to a bum/a loafer/a tramp. 4. vagrant, vagabond. S—! colloq. Jerk!/You mannerless bum!/You no -count jerk! — kurşun stray bullet. — mayın floating mine, serserileşme 1. becoming a ne’er-do-well/a loafer/a vagrant. 2. beginning to act like a ne’er-do-well/a loafer/a vagrant, serserileşmek 1. to become a ne’er-do-well/a loafer/a vagrant. 2. to begin to act like a ne’er-do-well/a loafer/a vagrant, serserilik 1. being a ne’er-do-well/a loafer/a vagrant; vagrancy. 2. acting like a ne’er-do -well/a loafer/a vagrant, sert, -ti 1. hard; tough. 2. strong, potent; sharp, pungent; (s.t.) which has a rough taste. 3. harsh, severe, rough. 4. harsh, unpleasant (sound). 5. sharply drawn; hard, harsh, stark (line). — âlçıtaşı geol. anhydrite. — damak anat. hard palate. — konuşmak to speak harshly. — su hard water. — tabaka anat.
                                                                                                 servis
   sclera, sclerotica, sertabip (/..) obs. chief of staff (in a hospital), sertdoku (/..) bot. sclerenchyma. sertelme /a/ 1. treating (s.o.) with severity. 2.
   speaking harshly to. sertelmek /a/ 1. to treat (s.o.) with severity. 2.
   to speak harshly to. sertifika certificate.
sertlenme getting tough, beginning to behave harshly.
sertlenmek to get tough, begin to behave harshly, sertleşim path., bot. sclerosis, sertleşme 1. getting hard, hardening; getting tough, toughening. 2. harshening, becoming severe. 3. becoming strong/potent/pungent. 4. getting tough, beginning to behave harshly.
   5.     (of the weather) turning bad; getting worse. 6. path., bot. sclerosis, sertleşmek 1. to get hard, harden; to get tough, toughen. 2. to harshen, become severe. 3. to become strong/potent/pungent. 4. to get tough, begin to behave harshly. 5. (for the weather) to turn bad; to get worse, sertleştirme l\l 1. hardening; toughening. 2. harshening, making severe. 3. making (s.t.) strong/potent/pungent, sertleştirmek hi 1. to harden; to toughen. 2. to harshen, make severe. 3. to make (s.t.) strong/potent/pungent. sertlik 1. hardness; toughness. 2. strength, potency; sharpness, pungency. 3. harshness, severeness, roughness, serum 1. serum. 2. intravenous solution. — al-bümini serum albumin, serüven adventure.
serüvenci 1. adventure-loving, adventuresome.
   2. adventurer, serüvencilik adventuresomeness, serüvenli adventurous, full of adventure, servet, -ti wealth, riches, servetli wealthy.
servi bot. 1. Italian cypress, Mediterranean cypress, cypress, Cupressus sempervirens. 2. bald cypress, cypress, Taxodium. — boylu colloq. tall, slender, and graceful (person), servialti, -ni (./..) slang grave (in a cemetery), servigiller bot. Cupressaceae. servikavağı, -m (./...) bot. Lombardy poplar, Populus nigra. serviks anat. cervix.
servilik cypress grove; place abounding in cypresses.
servinaz (..—) 1. bot. weeping cypress, Cupressus penebris. 2. tall, slender, and graceful person.
servis 1. service (rendered by one person to another). 2. department, section (in a business establishment/a government office). 3. sports serve, service. 4. service charge (in a restaurant/a nightclub/a hotel). 5. vehicle operated by a business or government office to convey its employees to/from work. 6.
seryum
755
sevap
    school bus. — arabası 1. vehicle operated by a business or government office to convey its employees to/from work. 2. school bus.
    —  atmak sports to serve the ball. — istasyonu service station, gas station, filling station. — kapısı service door, service entrance.
    —  ücreti service charge (in a restaurant/a nightclub/a hotel). — yapmak 1. /a/ to serve food to. 2. sports to serve the ball.
seryum (/.) chem. cerium, serzeniş not letting someone forget a favor one has done him/her, reproachful reminder of a favor. —te bulunmak /a/ to remind (s.o.) reproachfully of a favor one has done him/ her.
ses 1. sound; noise. 2. voice. — almak to record sounds. —i ayyuka çıkmak colloq. to shout to high heaven, be heard clear to China. — bandı sound track. — çıkarmak 1. to voice one’s opinion. 2. to say something. — çıkarmamak 1. to raise no objection. 2. to keep quiet, not to say anything, —ini çıkarmamak to keep one’s opinions to o.s., keep quiet. — çıkmamak /dan/ 1. for nothing to be heard from, for no word to come from.
    2. for no reaction to be shown by. 3. for no sound to be heard in (a place). —i çıkmamak 1. to raise no objection. 2. to keep quiet, not to say anything. —i çıkmaz colloq. taciturn. — dalgası sound wave. — duvarı sound barrier. — duvarını aşmak to break the sound barrier. — düşmesi ling, hyphaere-sis. — etmek 1. to make a noise. 2. /a/ to shout to; to call. — ikilenmesi/ikizlenmesi ling, gemination. — kakışımı ling, cacophony. — kartı comp, sound blaster, —ini kesmek colloq. 1. to stop talking, shut up. 2. Iml to stop (s.o.) talking, shut (s.o.) up. —i-ni kısmak /m/ to lower the volume of, turn down (a radio, television, etc.). — kirişleri anat., see ses telleri. — kuşağı 1. tape (used for recording sounds). 2. cin. sound track.
    —  makinesi tape recorder. — olmamak for no sound to be heard (in a place), (for a place) to be completely silent. — seda yok. colloq. Not a word has been heard from him/ her/them/there. —i soluğu çıkmamak colloq.
    1. to raise no objection. 2. to keep quiet, not to say anything. —i soluğu kesilmek colloq.
    1. to become completely silent. 2. to die. — telleri/şeritleri anat. vocal cords. — türemesi ling, epenthesis. — vermemek colloq. not to answer, not to reply. — yitimi path. aphonia. — yolu 1. track (on a tape used for recording sounds). 2. cin. sound track.
sesalici (/...) tape recorder.
sesalti, -m (/..) infrasonic; subsonic.
sesbilgisi, -ni (/...) phonetics.
sesbilim (/..) phonology.
sesbirim (/..) ling, phoneme.
sesborusu, -nu (/...) megaphone.
sesbüyütür microphone.
sesçi cin., TV, radio sound man, sound mixer.
sesçil phonetic. — alfabe phonetic alphabet, sesdağılımı, -m (/....) 1. acoustics (the science).
    2. (the) acoustics (of a place), seselim resonance, sesgeçirmez soundproof, seslem gram, syllable, sesleme 111 prov. listening to. seslemek 111 prov. to listen to. seslendirme 111 recording the sound for, making a sound recording for (a motion picture), seslendirmek /ı/ to record the sound for, make a sound recording for (a motion picture), seslenim phonation.
                                                              seslenme /a/ 1. calling out to (s.o.). 2. saying something to, speaking to, addressing (s.o.). seslenmek /a/ 1. to call out to (s.o.). 2. to say something to, speak to, address (s.o.). sesli 1. (s.o.) who has (a certain kind of) voice.
    2. phon. vowel (sound). 3. vocalic. 4. vow-eled. — film cin. sound motion picture, talkie. — harf ling, vowel (letter). — okumak l\l to read (s.t.) aloud. — sinema cin., see sesli film. — uyumu phon. vowel harmony.
seslitaş (./.) geol. phonolite, clinkstone, sessiz 1. quiet, silent. 2. taciturn. 3. quiet and shy. 4. phon. consonant (sound). 5. consonantal. 6. unvoweled. — film 1. cin. silent movie. 2. (the game of) charades. — harf ling, consonant (letter). — sedasız 1. quiet and retiring. 2. quietly and unobtrusively. — sinema see sessiz film. — uyumu phon. consonant harmony, sessizleşme becoming quiet, becoming silent, sessizleşmek to become quiet, become silent, sessizlik quietness, silence, sesteş ling, homonym, sestoplar microphone, sesüstü, -nü (/..) supersonic; hypersonic, sesyakmi (/...) transonic, sesyayar loudspeaker, sesyazar phonograph.
                                                              ’set, -ddi 1. dam; dike; levee. 2. retaining wall.
    3. terrace. 4. land (in the bore of a gun). 5. (barrier) wall: Çin Seddi the Great Wall of China. — çekmek 1. /a/ to put a stop to; to frustrate, prevent. 2. to erect a dam/a dike/a levee/a retaining wall. — set (place) which contains many terraces, terraced; in terraces.
2set, -ti 1. sports set (a group of games). 2. cin. set.
seten see saten.
seter setter (a breed of dog).
setir, -tri obs. covering; concealing, hiding.
                                                              setliç 1. Seidlitz powder(s), Rochelle powder(s).
    2.    liquid cathartic made of Seidlitz powder(s). setre obs. frock coat.
setretme (/..) hi obs. covering; concealing, hiding.
setretmek (/..) Ill obs. to cover; to conceal, hide.
                                                              sevap Islam 1. action which is not obligatory, but meritorious, good deed. 2. merit/credit/
sevda
756
seyelan
   reward (given by God for such a good deed), —a girmek to acquire merit in God’s sight. .— işlemek to perform a meritorious action.
   —   kazanmak to acquire merit in God’s sight.
sevda (.—) 1. passionate love, passion. 2. passion, strong wish/desire. — çekmek colloq. to be passionately in love, suffer the pangs of passionate love, -sına düşmek Iml colloq. to become imbued with a passion for, develop a passionate desire to. — geçer yalan olur, sonra sokar yılan olur, proverb When a passionate love ends disastrously, the results are pretty hellish. — yı sarmak /a/ colloq. to fall passionately in love with, sevdalanma (.—..) /a/ falling passionately in love with.
sevdalanmak (.— ..)• /a/ to fall passionately in love with.
sevdalı (.—.) 1. person who’s passionately in love. 2. person who’s passionately fond of (s.t.). 3. (s.o.) who’s passionately in love. 4. (s.o.) who’s passionately fond of (s.t.). 5. colloq. man who loves a prostitute and who is genuinely loved by her in return, sevdiceğim my darling, my beloved, sevdirme /ı, a/ 1. causing (s.o./an animal) to love/like (s.o. else/s.t.); causing (o.s./s.t.) to be loved/liked by (s.o. else). 2. letting (o.s./ itseli) be caressed/fondled by (another), sevdirmek /ı, a/ 1. to cause (s.o./an animal) to love/like (s.o. else/s.t.); to cause (o.s./s.t.) to be loved/liked by (s.o. else). 2. to let (o.s./ itself) be caressed/fondled by (another), sevecen tender; compassionate, sevecenlik tenderness; compassion, sevgi love; affection. S—lerimle, Love/Affectionately yours, (at the close of a friendly letter). — geçer yalan olur, sonra sokar yılan olur, proverb, see Sevda geçer yalan olur, sonra sokar yılan olur, sevgili 1. beloved, dear, darling. 2. (one’s) beloved, sweetheart. 3. Dear ..., (used as the salutation of a friendly letter). sevi passionate love, love, sevici 1. (a) lesbian. 2. lesbian, sevicilik lesbianism, sevilgen popular.
sevilme 1. being loved/liked. 2. being caressed/ fondled.
sevilmek 1. to be loved; to be liked. 2. to be caressed, be fondled, sevimli lovable; likable; cute, sevimlileşme becoming lovable/likable, sevimlileşmek to become lovable/likable, sevimlilik lovableness; likableness; cuteness, sevimsiz unlovable; unlikable. sevimsizleşme becoming unlovable/unlikable. sevimsizleşmek to become unlovable/unlikable. sevimsizlik unlovableness; unlikable quality, sevinç joy, delight, gladness, —inden ağzı kulaklarına varmak colloq. to grin from ear to ear (in delight).
sevinçli joyful.
sevindirme hi pleasing (s.o.).
sevindirmek hi to please (s.o.).
sevinme feeling glad, feeling happy, rejoicing.
sevinmek to feel glad, feel happy, rejoice.
sevinmelik tip, baksheesh.
Sevir, -vri obs., astrol. Taurus, sevişme 1. mutual affection. 2. caressing each other; lovemaking, sexual intercourse, sevişmek 1. to love each other; to like each other. 2. to caress each other; to make love, have sexual intercourse. Sevişip dostuna, boşanıp kocana varma, proverb, see Sevip dostuna, boşanıp kocana varma, seviye 1. level, plane. 2. level, standing, footing, seviyeli (s.t.) of merit, superior; excellent, outstanding (thing), seviyesiz worthless; poor in quality, sevk, -ki 1. sending. 2. dispatching; shipping.
   3.  impelling, driving, moving. 4. impulse, motivating power. — etmek see sevketmek.
   —   ve idare management, conduct (of an action).
sevketme (/..) 1. hi sending. 2. hi dispatching;
                                                         shipping. 3. /i, a/ impelling/driving (s.o.) to. sevketmek (/..) 1. hi to send. 2. Ill to dispatch;
   to ship. 3. /i, a/ to impel/drive (s.o.) to. sevkıtabii (/..— —) obs. instinct, sevkıyat, -ti 1. mil. dispatching (of troops/ equipment). 2. dispatching/shipping (of goods). 3. sending, sevkuidare (...—.) obs. management, conduct (of an action), sevkulceyş (./.) obs., mil. strategy, sevme hi 1. loving; liking. 2. fondling, caressing.
sevmek hi 1. to love; to like. 2. to fondle, caress. Sevsinler! colloq. Now isn’t he/she something! (said sarcastically). Sev beni, seveyim seni, proverb You scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours. Sevip dostuna, boşanıp kocana varma, proverb A woman shouldn’t marry a man with whom she’s been having an affair, and she shouldn’t remarry an ex-husband. Sevenin kuluyum, sevmeyenin sultanı. (Sevenin kulu ol, sevmeyenin sultanı.) proverb Treat those who love you as superiors who merit service, but treat those who do not love you as inferiors who merit contempt. Sev seni seveni hâk ile yeksan ise, sevme seni sevmeyeni Mısır’a sultan ise. proverb Love the person who loves you, no matter how lowly he/she may be, and despise the person who doesn’t love you, no matter how grand he/she may be. seyahat, -ti journey, trip; voyage. — acentesi
   1.     travel agent. 2. travel agency, travel bureau. — çeki traveler’s check. — e çıkmak to set out on a trip; to go on a trip. — etmek to travel, seyahatname (...— .) travel book, seyek, -ki (/.) three and one (a throw of dice), seyelan obs. flowing, flow. — etmek to flow.
 seyir
 757
sıbyan
 seyir, -yri 1. movement, motion; course, progress. 2. watching, looking at. 3. something entertaining to watch, show, spectacle. — e çıkmak to go for a walk/a ride. — jurnali naut. logbook, log. — yeri popular excursion spot.
 seyirci spectator; viewer; onlooker. — kalmak
    1. /a/ to be just an onlooker to, observe (s.t.) passively. 2. to be just an onlooker, stand on the sidelines.
seyirtme running, seyirtmek to run. seyis groom, stableman.
seyislik being a groom/a stableman; the work of a groom/a stableman, seyit sayyid, seyyid, a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad.
Seylan (/.) hist. Ceylon. — çayı Ceylon tea. seylani (.— —) geol., see seylantaşı. seylantaşı, -m (/...) geol. ceylonite, ceylanite, pleonaste. seylap (.—) obs. flood, torrent, seyran 1. short outing; walk, promenade. 2.
    watching, looking at. seyrek 1. widely set, set widely apart. 2. loosely woven; sparse. 3. seldom, uncommon, infrequent. 4. (placing things) widely apart. 5. seldom, at infrequent intervals. — git sen dostuna, kalksın ayak üstüne, proverb If you want to be a welcome guest in your friend’s house, don’t avail yourself of his/her hospitality too often, seyrekleşme 1. becoming sparse; thinning out.
   2.    becoming infrequent, seyrekleşmek 1. to become sparse; to thin out.
    2.    to become infrequent, seyrekleştirme 111 1. reducing the number of, thinning out. 2. seeing to it that (s.t.) becomes infrequent, seyrekleştirmek /ı/ 1. to reduce the number of, thin out. 2. to see to it that (s.t.) becomes infrequent.
seyreklik 1. being set widely apart. 2. looseness of weave; sparseness. 3. infrequency, uncommonness, seyrelme see seyrekleşme, seyrelmek see seyrekleşmek, seyreltme /ı/ see seyrekleştirme, seyreltmek /i/ see seyrekleştirmek, seyretme (/..) 1. /i/ watching, looking at. 2. moving, proceeding, progressing. 3. development (of an illness), seyretmek (/..) 1. /ı/ to watch, look at. 2. to move, proceed, progress. 3. (for an illness) to develop. Sen şimdi çıkacak çıngarı seyret! colloq. Just watch the row that’s going to break loose now! seyrfilmenam (...—) obs. somnambulism, som-nambulation, sleepwalking, seyrüsefer (/...) obs. traffic (of vehicles). Seyşeller the Seychelles, seyyah traveler; tourist, seyyal, -li (.—) obs. fluid, flowing.
seyyale (.—.) obs. (a) fluid, seyyanen (.—'.) obs. equally, in equal parts/ shares.
seyyar 1. itinerant, roving, peripatetic. 2. portable, movable; mobile. — satıcı peddler. — tekke slang car used as a place for taking narcotics. — ticaret memuru obs., law traveling salesman, Brit, commercial traveller, seyyare (.—.) obs., astr. planet, seyyiat, -ti (..—) obs. sins, seyyie obs. 1. (a) sin. 2. evil thing, wickedness.
   3.  suffering (which comes to a sinner/an evildoer).
seza (.—) /a/ obs. 1. worthy of, deserving. 2. (s.t.) which befits, which is right and suitable for.
Sezar Caesar.
                              sezaryen med. cesarean section, cesarean, sezdiri inkling, intimation, hint, sezdirme /ı, a/ 1. causing (s.o.) to sense/perceive (s.t.), getting (s.t.) across to (s.o.) indirectly. 2. making (s.t.) evident to (s.o.). sezdirmek /ı, a/ 1. to cause (s.o.) to sense/perceive (s.t.), get (s.t.) across to (s.o.) indirectly.
   2.     to make (s.t.) evident to (s.o.). sezgi intuition.
sezgici phil. 1. (an) intuitionist. 2. intuitionist, intuitionistic. sezgicilik phil. intuitionism. sezgili intuitive, having/possessing intuition, sezgisel intuitive, intuitional, based on or perceived by intuition, sezi intuition.
sezilme being understood intuitively, being sensed, being perceived, sezilmek to be understood intuitively, be sensed, be perceived, sezinç tact, sezinçli tactful.
sezindirme /i, a/ making (s.o.) sense (s.t.). sezindirmek /i, a/ to make (s.o.) sense (s.t.). sezinleme /ı/ sensing, feeling, understanding intuitively.
sezinlemek hi to sense, feel, understand intuitively.
sezinletme /ı, a/ making (s.o.) sense (s.t.). sezinletmek /ı, a/ to make (s.o.) sense (s.t.). sezinme hi see sezinleme, sezinmek 111 see sezinlemek, seziş understanding (s.t.) intuitively; intuitive knowledge.
sezme hi understanding (s.t.) intuitively; sensing, feeling, perceiving, discerning, sezmek 111 to understand (s.t.) intuitively; sense, feel, perceive, discern, sezon season (for an activity): tiyatro sezonu theatrical season, sezü bot. cork oak, cork tree, Quercus suber. sezyum (.'.) chem. cesium, sfagnum (/.) bot. sphagnum, sphagnum moss, Sphagnum. sfenks sphinx.
sibyan obs. children. — mektebi hist, primary
 sıcacık                                          758
   school.
sıcacık (/..) pleasantly warm, warm and cozy;
   nicely hot, agreeably hot. sıcak 1. hot; warm. 2. warm, loving. 3. heat. 4. prov. Turkish bath. — basmak /a/ (for s.o.) suddenly to feel hot. —lar basmak/bastir-mak colloq. for the weather suddenly to get very hot. — başına vurmak colloq. for the heat to make (s.o.) ill. — dalgası heat wave.
   —a gitmek prov. to go to a Turkish bath.
   —      hava dalgası see sıcak dalgası. — hava kütlesi warm front. S— Kuşak the Torrid Zone. — renkler warm colors. — ı sıcağına colloq. while the iron is hot; while the thing is still fresh in one’s mind. — sıcak colloq. piping hot (food). — tutmak /i/ to keep (s.t./ s.o.) warm. — yüzlü colloq. likable-looking, friendly looking. — yüz göstermek /a/ colloq. to give (s.o.) a warm welcome, sıcakkanlı (./..) 1. friendly, genial, companionable. 2. zool. warm-blooded, homoiothermic, homeothermic, homoiothermal. sıcakkanlılık (./...) friendliness, geniality, companionableness, sıcaklık 1. heat; warmth. 2. hottest room in a Turkish bath, caldarium. — seviyesi phys. relative heat, sıcaklıkölçer (../..) thermometer, sıcakölçer (./..) see sıcaklıkölçer, sıçan 1. zool. rat, Rattus. 2. zool. mouse, Mus. t 3. slang grocer. — çıktığı deliği bilir, proverb (A mouse knows his/her hole.) A person who’s up to no good always has a place to run to when the going gets rough for him/ her. — deliği bin altın, colloq. (A rat hole is worth a thousand gold pieces.) There is nowhere to hide. — deliğine paha biçilmez olmak colloq. to be unable to find a hiding place. — deliğe sığmamış, bir de kuyruğuna kabak bağlamış, colloq. 1. He/She him-self/herself is unwelcome, and then he/she ups and brings along a friend. 2. He/She can’t do the job he/she has in hand, and now he’s/she’s taken on another job. 3. He’s/She’s taken somebody under his/her wing, even though he/she himself/herself is someone else’s dependent. — derisi furs of various small animals; moleskin, —a dönmek colloq. to get soaked to the skin. — düşse başı yarılır, colloq. There’s not a crumb/a drop left in the pan try/the barrel. — geçer yol olur, proverb People are all too prone to adopt something bad and make it a prevailing custom. — olmadan çuval delmek colloq. to try to do advanced work while still a learner.
sıçandişi, -ni (./..) hemstitch, sıçangiller zool. Muridae. sıçanımsılar zool. Myomorpha. sıçankırı, -ni (./..) 1. mouse-colored, mouse -gray. 2. mouse, mouse gray, sıçankulağı, -ni (./...) bot. marjoram, Origanum major ana.
                                                                                                       sığaça
sıçankuyruğu, -nu (./...) rattail file, sıçanotu, -nu (./..) colloq. arsenic, sıçantüyü, -nü (./..) 1. mouse-colored, mouse -gray. 2. mouse, mouse gray, sıçanyolu, -nu (./..) sewer; underground passage.
sıçırgan (animal) which has the *shits. sıçma vulg. * shitting.
sıçmak vulg. to *shit. Sıçtı Cafer, bez getir.
    vulg. He’s really screwed up!/He’s pulled a real lulu!
sıçrama 1. jumping, jump; springing, spring, leaping, leap. 2. starting, being startled. 3. flying out, being thrown out; spattering, splattering; splashing. 4. spreading. — tahtası springboard; diving board, sıçramak 1. to jump; to spring, leap. 2. to start, be startled. 3. to fly out, be thrown out; to spatter, splatter; to splash. 4. to spread, sıçratma /ı/ 1. making (s.o.) jump. 2. startling.
    3.    causing (s.t.) to fly out; spattering, splattering; splashing. 4. causing (s.t.) to spread, sıçratmak hi 1. to make (s.o.) jump. 2. to startle. 3. to cause (s.t.) to fly out; to spatter, splatter; to splash. 4. to cause (s.t.) to spread, sıçrayış 1. jumping; way of jumping. 2. jump, sıdık, -dkı obs. 1. truth, correctness. 2. purity of heart, sincerity. — ı sıyrılmak /dan/ colloq. to lose faith in (s.o.). sıfat, -tı 1. role, role, capacity, position. 2. quality, attribute. 3. colloq. appearance, face. 4. colloq. title, honorific; nickname. 5. gram. adjective. —ıyla in the capacity of, as: Buraya müdür sıfatıyla geldi. He came here as the director, sifat-eylem (./..) gram., see sifat-fiil. sifat-fiil (./..) gram, participle, sıfır 1. zero. 2. colloq. (a) nothing, completely worthless person/thing, —dan başlamak colloq. to start from scratch, start from square one. — numara slang excellent, super. — numara tıraş shaving of the head, —a sıfır, elde var sıfır, colloq. All this work has been for nothing. — ı tüketmek slang 1. to be left with absolutely nothing. 2. to go for broke (as a matter of necessity). 3. for one’s patience to come to an end. 4. to die, croak, kick the bucket, give up the ghost, sıfırcı slang 1. teacher who frequently gives zeros or very low grades. 2. (teacher) who frequently gives zeros or very low grades, sıfırlama h! modifying (an equation) so that all the terms form an expression equal to zero, sıfırlamak hi to modify (an equation) so that all the terms form an expression equal to zero.
siframa hi see sıfırlama, siframak h! see sıfırlamak.
sığ 1. shallow (place). 2. shallow, superficial.
    —     a düşmek naut. (for a ship) to run aground, sığa phys. capacity, sığaça small handsaw.
 sığama                                            759
sığama hi prov. 1. tucking up, rolling up
    (sleeves or trouser legs). 2. stroking, caressing.
sığamak hi prov. 1. to tuck up, roll up (sleeves or trouser legs). 2. to stroke, caress, sığamsal peristaltic.
sığdırılma /a/ being made to fit into (a container/a place), sığdırılmak /a/ to be made to fit into (a container/a place), sığdırma /ı, a/ making (s.t.) fit into (a container/a place), sığdırmak /ı, a/ to make (s.t.) fit into (a container/a place), sığın zool. fallow deer, Dama vulgaris. sığmak shelter, sığınık see sığınmacı.
sığınma /a/ taking shelter in (a place); taking refuge behind (s.o.). sığınmacı refugee.
sığınmak /a/ to take shelter in (a place); to take refuge behind (s.o.). sığıntı person who is made to feel that his/her presence (in a household/a place of work) is unwanted.
sığır cattle (includes cows, bulls, oxen, and buffaloes). — eti butchery beef. — topuğu obs. a drinking cup. sığırcık zool. starling, Sturnus vulgaris. sığırcıkgiller zool. Sturnidae. sığırdili, -ni (./..) bot. oxtongue, bugloss, An-chusa.
sığırdiligiller (./....) bot. Boraginaceae. sığırgözü, -nü (..'..) bot. arnica, Arnica mon-tana.
sığırkuyruğu, -nu (./...) bot. mullein, Verbas-cum.
sığırkuyruğugiller (./......) bot. Scrophularia-
    ceae.
sığırtmaç herdsman, herder, person who tends a herd.
sığışma /a/ (of several people) squeezing themselves into (a relatively small space), sığışmak /a/ (for several people) to squeeze themselves into (a relatively small space), sığıştırma /ı, a/ squeezing (people/things) into (a relatively small space), sığıştırmak /ı, a/ to squeeze (people/things) into (a relatively small space), sığla (/.) bot., see günlük ağacı, sığlaşma getting shallow, sığlaşmak to get shallow, sığlık 1. shallowness. 2. shallow, shallow place.
    3.    shallow (place), sığma /a/ fitting into (a container/a place), sığmak /a/ to fit into (a container/a place), sıhhat, -ti 1. health. 2. correctness, soundness.
    —te bulunmak to be in good health, —ler olsun! I hope it does you good!/I hope you enjoy it! (said to s.o. who has just had a bath/a haircut!a shave), —ini tahkik etmek /in/ obs. to ascertain the truth of (s.t.). sıhhatli healthy.
                                                                                                      sıkılgan
sıhhi (.—) 1. pertaining to health, health; hygienic, sanitary. 2. healthful.
 Sıhhiye formerly the Public Health Department, sıhhiye matters pertaining to health. S— Sınıfı mil. Medical Corps, sıhhiyeci 1. public health official. 2. mil. medical corpsman, medic (not an officer), sıhriyet, -ti obs. affinity, relationship by marriage.
sık 1. placed/spaced close together; dense, thick. 2. close (weave/knit). 3. frequent. 4. (placing things) close together. 5. (weaving/knitting) closely. 6. frequently. — gidersen dostuna, yatar arka üstüne, proverb Don’t visit your friends too frequently, or you’ll wear out your welcome. — sık 1. frequently, often. 2. close together, sıkacak 1. press (a machine). 2. juicer (for squeezing fruits/vegetables), sıkaç 1. compressor (e.g. air compressor). 2. road roller.
 sıkboğaz used in: — etmek hi to put great pressure on (s.o.). sıkça (/.) 1. rather close together. 2. rather frequently.
sıkı 1. tight; firm. 2. tightly. 3. close (weave).
    4.  closely (woven). 5. strict, strictly observed/ enforced. 6. stingy. 7. wad (for a muzzle -loader). 8. strong, heavy (wind or blow with the fist). 9. numerous and pressing (jobs).
    10. school slang first-rate, great, very good. Sıkıysa ...! vulg. If you think you can do it, ...!/If he/she thinks he/she can do it, ...! — basmak colloq. to use one’s authority, insist on having one’s way. — çalışmak to work hard. — durmak colloq. to be brave/firm; to act bravely/firmly; to stand one’s ground.
    —   esmek to blow a gale. — fıkı colloq. 1. intimate (friend). 2. on intimate terms, palsy -walsy. — ya gelmek colloq. to get in a predicament, get in a tight spot. — yı görünce colloq. when things get rough, —da kalmak colloq. to be in a jam, be in a tight spot.
    —ya koymak !\! colloq. to put great pressure on (s.o.). — sıkıya colloq. 1. very tightly. 2. well, in a thoroughgoing fashion. — tutmak h! 1. to hold (s.t./s.o.) tightly. 2. colloq. to do (a job) with scrupulous care. —yı yemek colloq. 1. to get a scolding, get a dressing down. 2. to be pressed/pressured (by s.o.). sıkıca 1. (./.) tightly. 2. rather tightly, sıkıcı boring, tedious, tiresome, wearisome; irksome, bothersome, sikidenetim (./...) censorship, —den geçirmek hi to censor, sıkıdenetimci (./....) censor, sıkıdüzen (./..) discipline, order, sıkılama hi 1. wadding (a muzzle-loading gun).
    2. colloq. putting pressure on (s.o.). sıkılamak hi 1. to wad (a muzzle-loading gun).
    2.     colloq. to put pressure on (s.o.). sıkılgan bashful, shy; easily embarrassed; unsure of himself/herself.
 sıkılganlık
sıkılganlık bashfulness, shyness; embarrassment; lack of self-assurance, sıkılık 1. tightness. 2. closeness (of a weave/ a knit). 3. strictness. 4. stinginess, sıkılma 1. being squeezed. 2. getting bored. 3. becoming bashful; feeling embarrassed. 4. becoming hard pressed for money, becoming financially straitened, sıkılmak 1. to be squeezed. 2. to get bored. 3. to become bashful; to feel embarrassed. 4. to become hard pressed for money, become financially straitened, sıkılmaz brazen, shameless, sıkılmazlık brazenness, shamelessness, sıkım 1. fistful (the amount contained in a closed fist). 2. squeeze: bir sıkım diş macunu a squeeze of toothpaste. 3. enough (material) for (so many) firings (of a muzzle -loading gun): bir sıkım barut enough powder for one firing, sıkımlık see sıkım. Bir — canı var. colloq. He’s such a pipsqueak you could beat him up with one hand tied behind your back! sıkınma restraining o.s. sıkınmak to restrain o.s. sıkıntı 1. distress, trouble, difficulty; annoyance, worry; depression; boredom. 2. financial difficulties, financial straits. — basmak colloq. suddenly to feel out of sorts or depressed.
    —     çekmek 1. to have difficulty, experience s difficulty. 2. to experience worry/distress. 3.
   to be financially straitened. — ya düşmek to become hard up for money. — ya gelememek colloq. to be unable to stand the gaff, be unable to bear up under difficulties, —da olmak 1. to be worried/distressed. 2. to be financially straitened, —sı olmak 1. to be worried/distressed. 2. to be financially straitened.
   3.    colloq. to need to go to the toilet, need to relieve o.s. — vermek /a/ to annoy, bother; to distress, worry, sıkıntılı 1. troubled; distressed, worried; out of sorts; depressed; bored. 2. troubling, distressing, difficult, worrisome; depressing; boring.
   —  Raziye colloq. person who gets fed up with things very quickly.
sıkışık 1. tight; tightly wedged/jammed; placed very close together; very crowded, congested.
   2. hard pressed (for time); (time) when one is hard pressed (for time). 3. hard up (for money); (time) when one is hard up (for money).
sıkışıklık 1. tightness; being tightly wedged/ jammed; closeness; congestion. 2. being hard pressed (for time). 3. being hard up (for money), sıkışma 1. becoming tightly wedged/jammed; being placed close together; being very crowded, being congested. 2. /a/ getting caught in, being pinched in. 3. getting in a jam, getting in a tight spot. 4. being hard up (for money). 5. having a constricted feeling.
   6. colloq. feeling the need to go to the toilet,
760                                  sıklaştırılmak
   feeling the need to relieve o.s. sıkışmak 1. to become tightly wedged/jammed; to be placed close together; to be very crowded, be congested. 2. /a/ to get caught in, be pinched in: Parmağım kapıya sıkıştı. My finger got caught in the door. 3. to get in a jam, get in a tight spot. 4. to be hard up (for money). 5. to have a constricted feeling: Kalbim sıkıştı. I felt a tightness around my heart. 6. colloq. to feel the need to go to the toilet, feel the need to relieve o.s. sıkıştırılma 1. being tightened/compressed. 2. being wedged in; being jammed in; being squeezed in. 3. being pressed/pressured (by s.o.). 4. /a/ being slipped quietly into (s.o.’s hand, pocket, etc.). 5. (of s.o.) being squeezed/pinched. 6. (of a fleeing person) being cornered, sıkıştırılmak 1. to be tightened/compressed. 2. to be wedged in; to be jammed in; to be squeezed in. 3. to be pressed/pressured (by s.o.). 4. /a/ to be slipped quietly into (s.o.’s hand, pocket, etc.). 5. (for s.o.) to be squeezed/pinched. 6. (for a fleeing person) to be cornered, sıkıştırma 1. hi tightening; compressing. 2. hi wedging in; jamming in; squeezing (people/ things) in, crowding (people/things) in. 3. hi pressing, pressuring, putting pressure on (s.o.). 4. /i, a/ slipping (s.t.) quietly into (s.o.’s hand, pocket, etc.). 5. h! squeezing/ pinching (s.o.). 6. h! cornering (a fleeing person). 7. /i, a/ catching, pinching (one’s finger, etc.) in (a place), sıkıştırmak 1. hi to tighten; to compress. 2. hi to wedge in; to jam in; to squeeze (people/ things) in, crowd (people/things) in. 3. hi to press, pressure, put pressure on (s.o.). 4. h, a/ to slip (s.t.) quietly into (s.o.’s hand, pocket, etc.). 5. hi to squeeze/pinch (s.o.).
   6.    hi to corner (a fleeing person). 7. /i, a/ to catch, pinch (one’s finger, etc.) in (a place), ’sıkıt, -ti pharm. tablet.
2sikit, -ti obs., med. aborted fetus, abortus, sıkıyönetim (./...) martial law. sıkişeme (/...) polyuria, sıkkın very troubled; distressed, worried; out of sorts; depressed; bored, sıkkınlık being very troubled, distressed, worried, out of sorts, depressed j or bored, siklamak used in: ıklaya siklaya colloq., see ıklamak.
sıklaşma 1. becoming frequent; happening often; increasing. 2. becoming densely massed.
sıklaşmak 1. to become frequent; to happen often; to increase. 2. to become densely massed.
                                                       sıklaştırılma 1. being made to happen frequently; being increased. 2. being made to form a dense mass, sıklaştırılmak 1. to be made to happen frequently; to be increased. 2. to be made to
sıklaştırma
761
   form a dense mass, sıklaştırma /ı/ 1. increasing the frequency of, increasing the number of. 2. causing (things) to become densely massed, sıklaştırmak h! 1. to increase the frequency of, increase the number of. 2. to cause (things) to become densely massed, sıklet, -ti 1. weight, heaviness. 2. obs. oppressiveness; depressing heaviness; ponderousness. — çekmek to bear weight. — merkezi center of gravity. — vermek /a/ obs. to bore/ depress (s.o.). sıklık 1. frequency (of repetition). 2. density, sıkma 1. hi squeezing. 2. /i/ wringing. 3. hi holding (s.o./s.t.) tightly. 4. /i, a/ squirting (s.t.) on. 5. hi putting pressure on (s.o.). 6. hi annoying, bothering. 7. hi shooting, firing (a bullet). 8. prov. trousers which are tight below the knees and full above the knees. 9. prov. corset. 10. (fruit) that is good for making juice: sıkma portakal juice orange.
   11.     prov. a syrupy friedcake. 12. prov. a savory pastry made with cheese or ground meat. — başlı (woman) wearing a headscarf (for reasons of propriety), sıkmaç press (a machine), sıkmak 1. hi to squeeze. 2. hi to wring. 3. hi to hold (s.o./s.t.) tightly. 4. /i, a/ to squirt (s.t.) on. 5. hi to put pressure on (s.o.). 6. hi to annoy, bother. 7. hi to shoot, fire (a bullet).
sıkmalık (fruit) that is good for making juice: sıkmalık portakal juice orange, sıla 1. returning to one’s home and loved ones after a long absence. 2. (one’s) home, (one’s) homeplace. — ya gitmek to return to one’s homeplace, go home. — hastalığı homesickness.
sılacı person who is living far from his/her home and family, sımak hi prov. to break, demolish, smash, sımsıkı (/..) 1. very tight; very tightly packed/ driven/wedged/wrapped. 2. very closely spaced.
smaat, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. craft; handicraft; trade.
   2.    profession requiring technical ability, sınai (.— —) industrial. — haklar obs., law patent rights. — kuruluş industrial enterprise.
smak experience/knowledge/skill derived from actual participation, smakli experienced, smaksiz inexperienced, smam med. test.
smama III 1. testing, putting (s.o./s.t.) to a test, trying (s.o./s.t.) out. 2. (of a teacher) testing (a student).
sınamak hi 1. to test, put (s.o./s.t.) to a test, try (s.o./s.t.) out. 2. (for a teacher) to test (a student).
sınanma being tested, being put to a test, being tried out.
sınanmak to be tested, be put to a test, be tried
    out.
sınatma h, slI having (s.o.) test (s.o./s.t.). sınatmak /i, a/ to have (s.o.) test (s.o./s.t.). smav test, examination, exam: O şimdi sınavda. He’s having a test now. —a çekmek (—dan geçirmek) hi to test (s.o.), give (s.o.) a test, —a girmek to take a test. — vermek to pass a test.
sıncan bot. tragacanth, Astragalus. sındı prov. scissors, sındırılma prov. being defeated, sındırılmak prov. to be defeated, sındırma hi prov. defeating, sındırmak III prov. to defeat, smgm prov. 1. broken, shattered. 2. scattered.
    3. defeated.
sınıf 1. class; category. 2. zool., bot. class. 3. classroom. 4. mil. corps: İstihkâm Sınıfı Corps of Engineers. — arkadaşı classmate. —ta çakmak slang, see sınıfta kalmak, —ını geçmek to pass one’s class. — ta kalmak (for a student) to fail a class, fail a grade.
sınıflama hi see sınıflandırma, sınıflamak hi see sınıflandırmak, sınıflandırma hi classifying, classification, sınıflandırmak hi to classify, sınıflanma being classified, sınıflanmak to be classified, sınık prov. 1. broken. 2. scattered. 3. defeated, sınıkçı prov. bonesetter. sınır 1. frontier, border. 2. boundary, limit. — açı geom. limit angle. — çekmek/koymak /a/ to limit, set a limit to. sınırdaş (two or more countries) which share a common border, which border on each other; /la/ (country) which borders on (another country).
sınırdaşlık sharing a common border, sınır dışı, -m (./..) used in: — etmek hi to deport, send (s.o.) out of the country, sınırlama hi see sınırlandırma, sınırlamak hi see sınırlandırmak, sınırlandırma hi limiting, setting a limit to. sınırlandırmak hi to limit, set a limit to. sınırlanma being limited, sınırlanmak to be limited, sınırlayıcı limiting, restrictive, sınırlı 1. /la/ bounded by. 2. limited, restricted.
    —      doğru geom. segment, line segment. — sayı math, finite number. — sorumlu ortaklık law limited liability company, sınırsız 1. lacking a frontier/a border/a boundary/a limit. 2. boundless, limitless, unlimited, unrestricted. — doğru geom. line. — sayı math, infinity. — sorumluluk law unlimited liability.
sınma prov. 1. breaking, getting broken. 2. being defeated. 3. being scattered, smmak prov. 1. to break, get broken. 2. to be defeated. 3. to be scattered.
*sipa colt, foal (of a donkey).
2sıpa prov. 1. three-legged stool. 2. tripod stand.'
762
 sırça
                             ’sır, -rrı secret, —mı açma dostuna (dostunun dostu vardır) o da söyler dostuna.
   proverb Don’t tell your secrets to your friend, —mı açmak /a/ to tell (s.o.) one’s secret, —a kadem basmak colloq. to vanish into thin air. — kâtibi 1. Ott. hist, chief private secretary of a sultan. 2. hist, official responsible for the secret documents in an embassy. — küpü colloq. person who can be trusted to keep a secret. — olmak see sırrolmak. — saklamak/tutmak to keep a secret.
   —   vermek to betray a secret.
                             2sır 1. glaze (on pottery). 2. silvering (of a mirror). (üzerine) — çekmek /m/ 1. to glaze (a piece of pottery). 2. to silver (a mirror), sıra 1. row; line; queue; file. 2. order, sequence.
   3.  turn: Sıra sende. It’s your turn. 4. the right time to ...: Şimdi denize girmenin tam sırası. Now’s just the right time for a dip in the sea. Şimdi sırası değil. This isn’t the right time. 5. point, moment, time: O sırada öğretmen geldi. At that point the teacher came in. Çiçekleri suladığım sırada telefon çaldı. The telephone rang while I was watering the flowers. 6. bench. 7. desk (in a school classroom). 8. (things) placed in a row: sıra ağaçlar trees planted in a row. 9. of all shapes and sizes: sıra portakalı oranges of all shapes and sizes, —smda 1. colloq. at the right time, when the time is ripe. 2. in the course of, during: ders sırasında during the " lesson. —slyla 1. colloq. (doing s.t.) at the right time. 2. sequentially, in sequence, in order, respectively: Bilal ile Hilal, sırasıyla otuz ve kırk yaşlarındadır. Bilal and Hilal are thirty and forty years old respectively.
   —yla each in turn; one by one. — smı beklemek to wait one’s turn. — dayağı beating given to each person in a group in turn. — evler row houses, Brit, terrace, terraced houses, —sı gelmişken .... colloq. Now that the time seems ripe ...: Sırası gelmişken bunu yapalım. Let’s do this, now that the time seems ripe. —sına/—smı getirmek colloq. to find a suitable opportunity, —sma göre colloq. when it’s right/appropriate to do so: İnsan sırasına göre susmasını da bilmeli. A person should also know when he/she ought to keep quiet. — gözetmek colloq., see sıra kollamak, —smı kaybetmek colloq. (for a baby) to get out of its normal routine of feeding and sleeping. — kollamak colloq. to wait for a suitable moment. — ya koymak hi to get (s.t.) properly organized/arranged. (...) —sma koymak h! colloq. to regard (s.o.) as being in (a certain) category. — malı colloq. 1. run-of-the-mill, middling, mediocre (things). 2. run-of-the-mill things. — noktalar punctuation ellipsis dots/points, suspension dots/points. — sayı sıfatı gram, ordinal number. — sıra row upon row of: sıra sıra çamlar row upon row of pines. — sütunlar arch _ olonnade.
sıraca path, scrofula, the king’s evil, sıracagiller bot. Scrophulariaceae. sıracalı path, scrofulous, siracaotu, -nu (../..) bot. figwort, Scrophularia. siracaotugiller (../....) bot., see sığırkuyruğu-giller.
sıradağ (./.) see sıradağlar, sıradağlar (./..) mountain range, chain of mountains.
sıradan ordinary; middling, mediocre, run-of -the-mill.
sıralaç 1. a large, loose-leaf binder. 2. accordion file.
sıralama 1. Ill arranging/arraying (things) in a row or rows, lining (things) up. 2. h/ arranging/filing (things) (in a certain way). 3. hi listing (things) in order; enumerating, ticking off, setting out, reciting. 4. (a child’s) beginning to walk (by holding on to one thing after another). 5. hi going to (each one of a number of places) in turn, sıralamak 1. hi to arrange/array (things) in a row or rows, line (things) up. 2. hi to arrange/file (things) (in a certain way). 3. hi to list (things) in order; to enumerate, tick off, set out, recite. 4. (for a child) to begin to walk (by holding on to one thing after another). 5. hi to go to (each one of a number of places) in turn, sıralanma 1. being arranged/arrayed in a row or rows, being lined up. 2. being arranged/ filed (in a certain way). 3. being listed in order; being enumerated, sıralanmak 1. to be arranged/arrayed in a row or rows, be lined up. 2. to be arranged/filed (in a certain way). 3. to be listed in order; to be enumerated, sıralatma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) arrange/array (things) in a row or rows. 2. having (s.o.) arrange/file (things) (in a certain way). 3. having (s.o.) list (things) in order; having (s.o.) enumerate (things), sıralatmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) arrange/array (things) in a row or rows. 2. to have (s.o.) arrange/file (things) (in a certain way). 3. to have (s.o.) list (things) in order; to have (s.o.) enumerate (things), sıralı 1. arranged or set out in a row or rows, lined up. 2. colloq. timely; apposite, appropriate. — sırasız colloq. whenever he/she feels like it, regardless of the time/the place, sıralıoluş (../..) biol. epigenesis, sırasız 1. without waiting one’s turn. 2. colloq.
   untimely; inapposite, inappropriate, sırat, -ti see sırat köprüsü. — köprüsü Islam S irat, bridge which the righteous will pass over and from which the unrighteous will fall on the Day of Judgment.
                                                            Sırbistan 1. Serbia. 2. Serbian, of Serbia, sırça 1. glass. 2. made of glass, glass. — evde oturan, komşusuna taş atmamalı. proverb, see Sırça köşkte oturan, komşusuna taş at-mamalı. — işleri small glass objects; glass
sırdaş
 763
 sırtar
    trinkets. — köşkte oturan, komşusuna taş
    atmamalı. proverb People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones, sırdaş person to whom one confides one’s secrets, confidant, sırf 1. pure, sheer, utter, nothing but. 2. only, solely.
                                                               sırık 1. (thin) pole. 2. stake, pole (for plants), —la atlama sports pole vault, pole jump.
    —      domatesi tomatoes raised on plants that have been staked. — fasulyesi bot. pole bean. — gibi colloq. (s.o.) who’s as tall and thin as a rail/a bean pole. — hamalı a porter who, with a partner, carries a load suspended from the middle of a pole, sırıklama /ı/ 1. staking, poling (a plant). 2. slang stealing, swiping, Brit, nicking, sırıklamak hi 1. to stake, pole (a plant). 2. slang to Steal, swipe, Brit. nick, sırılsıklam (./..) colloq. sopping wet, soaking wet. — âşık madly in love. — nezle full of cold.
sırım thin leather cord; thong, strap. — arabası formerly horse-drawn wagon whose body is suspended by leather straps. — gibi colloq. wiry (person), sırıtık see sırıtkan.
                                                               sırıtkan given to grinning unpleasantly/stupidly, sırıtma 1. grinning unpleasantly/stupidly. 2. (a defect’s) becoming apparent, sırıtmak 1. to-grin unpleasantly/stupidly. 2. (for a defect) to become apparent, sırlama h! 1. glazing (a piece of pottery). 2.
    silvering (a mirror), sırlamak 111 1. to glaze (a piece of pottery). 2.
    to silver (a mirror), şırlanma 1. (of a piece of pottery) being glazed.
    2. (of a mirror) being silvered, sırlanmak 1. (for a piece of pottery) to be glazed. 2. (for a mirror) to be silvered, sırlı l.&glazed (piece of pottery). 2. silvered (mirror).
sırlıtaş (./.) 1. (glazed) wall tile. 2. ceramic, made of ceramic, sırma 1. gilded silver thread; silver thread. 2. made of gilded silver thread; made of silver thread. 3. mil. stripes (indicating the rank of an officer). 4. slang whore, prostitute. — işlemeli embroidered with gilded silver thread; embroidered with silver thread. — saçlı colloq. golden-haired, sırmakeş maker of gilded silver thread; maker.
    of silver thread, sırmalı embroidered with gilded silver thread;
    embroidered with silver thread, sırnaşık exasperatingly importunate/pertinacious, (s.o.) who exasperatingly persists in asking for something, sırnaşıklık exasperating importunity/pertinacity, sırnaşma persisting exasperatingly in asking for something, importuning, sırnaşmak to persist exasperatingly in asking for something, importune.
sırnaştırma 111 causing (s.o.) to start importuning.
sırnaştırmak hi to cause (s.o.) to start importuning.
Sırp 1. (a) Serb, (a) Serbian. 2. Serbian, of the Serbs.
Sırpça (/.) 1. Serbian, the Serbian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Serbian, Serbian. 3. Serbian (speech/writing); spoken in Serbian; written in Serbian.
Sırplı 1. (a) Serb, (a) Serbian. 2. Serbian (person).
sırrolma (/..) disappearing mysteriously, vanishing into thin air.
sırrolmak (/..) to disappear mysteriously, vanish into thin air.
sırsıklam (/..) colloq. sopping wet, soaking wet.
    —  âşık madly in love. — nezle full of cold.
sırsız 1. unglazed (piece of pottery). 2. unsilvered, (mirror) which has not been silvered.
sırt, -ti 1. back, dorsal side (of a person/an animal). 2. ridge, upper part (of a hill/a mountain). 3. the blunt side (of a cutting implement). 4. spine (of a book). — ma almak III
    1. to shoulder, put (s.t.) on one’s shoulder.
    2. colloq. to shoulder, take on (a job/a responsibility). 3. to put on (a coat/a jacket/a sweater). —ından atmak hi colloq. to rid
    o.s. of, get shut of. — ına binmek /in/ colloq. (for a job) to be lumped on (s.o.). — çevirmek /a/ colloq. 1. to reject, refuse, turn one’s back on (s.t.). 2. to give (s.o.) the cold shoulder, cold-shoulder, turn one’s back on. — m-dan çıkarmak /ı, in/ colloq. to get (s.o.) to pay for (s.t.), saddle (s.o.) with the bill for (s.t.). —mı dayamak /a/ 1. to lean one’s back against (s.t.). 2. colloq. to rely on the protection of. —mdan geçinmek /in/ colloq. to live off, sponge off (s.o.). — kaşağısı back scratcher. — ı kaşınmak colloq. to itch for a beating, ask for it, be cruising for a bruising, —i kavi 1. (s.o.) who has a strong back. 2. colloq. (s.o.) who’s supported by powerful friends. 3. colloq. warmly clad, thickly clad.
    —  omurları anat. dorsal vertebrae. — ı pek colloq. warmly clad, thickly clad. — ı sıra colloq. one after the other, in succession. — sırta vermek 1. to stand back to back. 2. colloq. to support each other; to help each other. —ma vurmak hi to shoulder, put (s.t.) on one’s back. — ı yere gelmek colloq. to be defeated. —mı yere getirmek Iml 1. wrestling to defeat, down (one’s opponent). 2. colloq. to defeat. —ı yufka, colloq. He’s/ She’s wearing practically nothing (said of s.o. who is wearing thin clothes in cold weather). —mda yumurta küfesi yok ya! colloq. (He/ She does not have a basket full of eggs on his/her back.) You can’t depend on him/her; he’ll/she’ll break his/her word (or change his/ her tack) if it suits him/her. — yüzgeci dorsal fin.
sırtar zool. a lizard.
 sırtarbalığı
sırtarbalığı, -m zool. a freshwater bream, sırtarma prov. 1. getting one’s hackles up, getting one’s dander up. 2. (of an animal) arching its back or getting its hackles up (before attacking). 3. piling up (of clouds), massing, sırtarmak prov. 1. to get one’s hackles up, get one’s dander up. 2. (for an animal) to arch its back or get its hackles up (before attacking). 3. (for clouds) to pile up, mass, sırtıkara (./..) 1. zool. a bluefish smaller than a kofana, Pomatomus saltatrix. 2. slang double six (a throw of dice), sirtipi, -ni (/..) biol. notochord, sırtlama /ı/ 1. shouldering, putting on one’s back. 2. colloq. shouldering, taking on (a job/ a responsibility), sırtlamak /ı/ I. to shoulder, put on one’s back. 2. colloq. to shoulder, take on (a job/a responsibility), sırtlan zool. hyena, Hyaena. sırtüstü (/..) (lying/falling) flat on one’s back.
   —      yatmak to lie flat on one’s back, sıska 1. thin and weak, scrawny and undersized, puny. 2. obs., path, dropsical, sıskalaşma 1. getting thin and weak, getting puny. 2. obs., path, becoming dropsical, sıskalaşmak 1. to get thin and weak, get puny.
   2. obs., path, to become dropsical, sıskalık 1. puniness; weak and scrawny condition. 2. obs., path, dropsy, siltma path, malaria. — asalağı malarial parasite, Plasmodium. — görmemiş ses colloq. voice which sounds like a foghorn, stentorian. — tutmak h! 1. to get malaria. 2. to be seized with a fit of trembling, sıtmaağacı, -m (./...) bot. eucalyptus, Eucalyptus.
sitmabilim (./..) malariology. sıtmalı 1. (person) who has malaria. 2. malarial, malarious (place), sıtmalık very malarious (place), sıva plaster (used for coating walls/ceilings). — vurmak /a/ to plaster, coat (s.t.) with plaster, sıvacı plasterer.
sıvacıkuşu, -nu (../..) zool. nuthatch, Sitta. sıvalama h! plastering, coating (s.t.) with plaster, sıvalamak hi to plaster, coat (s.t.) with plaster, ’sıvalı 1. (s.t.) which has been plastered. 2. /a/ (substance) which has been plastered on (s.t.).
2sivali (sleeves/trouser legs) which have been rolled up.
’sıvama 1. /i/ plastering, coating (s.t.) with plaster. 2. /i, a/ plastering (s.t.) with (a substance). 3. /i, a/ smearing (s.t.) on/over (s.t.).
   4.  (s.t.) thickly set with (jewels); plated with (a precious metal). 5. (filling s.t.) right up to the brim. — kel colloq. someone whose head is completely bald.
2sivama hi 1. rolling up (sleeves/tröuser legs).
   2. stroking, caressing.
Sıvamak 1. hi to plaster, coat (s.t.) with plaster. 2. /i, a/ to plaster (s.t.) with (a substance). 3.
 764                                                siyanet
    h, a/ to smear (s.t.) on/over (s.t.).
                                                               2sivamak hi 1. to roll up (sleeves/trouser legs).
    2. to stroke, caress.
                                                               ’sıvanma 1. being plastered. 2. being smeared. 2sıvanma 1. (of one’s sleeves/trouser legs) being rolled up. 2. /a/ getting ready to do (s.t.), rolling up one’s sleeves and setting to doing (s.t.).
                                                               ’sıvanmak 1. to be plastered. 2. to be smeared. 2sıvanmak 1. (for one’s sleeves/trouser legs) to be rolled up. 2. /a/ to get ready to do (s.t.), roll up one’s sleeves and set to doing (s.t.). sıvaşma 1. /a/ (of s.t.) getting smeared on. 2.
    getting gooey, getting sticky, sıvaşmak 1. /a/ (for s.t.) to get smeared on. 2.
    to get gooey, get sticky, sıvaştırma 1. /ı, a/ smearing (s.t.) on (s.t./s.o.).
                                                               2. hi making (s.t.) gooey, making (s.t.) sticky, sıvaştırmak 1. /ı, a/ to smear (s.t.) on (s.t./s.o.).
    2.    h! to make (s.t.) gooey, make (s.t.) sticky, ’sıvatma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) plaster (s.t.). 2sıvatma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) roll up (his/her sleeves); having (s.o.) roll up (his trouser legs). 2. allowing (s.o.) to stroke/caress (o.s./ itself).
’sıvatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) plaster (s.t.). 2sıvatmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) roll up (his/ her sleeves); to have (s.o.) roll up (his trouser legs). 2. to allow (s.o.) to stroke/caress (o.s./ itself).
sıvazlama hi stroking, caressing, sıvazlamak hi to stroke, caress, sıvazlatma /ı, a/ letting (s.o.) stroke/caress (o.s./ itself).
sıvazlatmak /ı, al to let (s.o.) stroke/caress (o.s./ itself).
sıvı 1. (a) liquid, (a) fluid. 2. liquid, fluid. — içitimi med. perfusion, sıvık 1. prov. soft and sticky. 2. slang (annoyingly importunate person) who sticks to one like glue.
sıvılaştırma hi liquefying, liquefaction, sıvılaştırmak hi to liquefy, sıvındırma hi liquefying (a gas), sıvındırmak hi to liquefy (a gas), sıvınma (of a gas) being liquefied, sivmmak (for a gas) to be liquefied, sıvıölçer (./..) hydrometer, areometer, sıvırya (./.) colloq. 1. continually; continuously.
    2.    one after the other, in succession. 3. full to the brim, brimful. 4. rocking from side to side like a cradle. — bulunmak to be present. — gitmek (for business/trade) to go great guns, be brisk, sıvışık 1. sticky, gooey. 2. colloq. (annoyingly importunate person) who sticks to one like glue.
                                                               sıvışma 1. /a/ (of s.t.) getting smeared on. 2.
    colloq. slipping away, sneaking off. sıvışmak 1. /a/ (for s.t.) to get smeared on. 2.
    colloq. to slip away, sneak off. sıvıyağ (./.) oil (in a liquid state), siyanet, -ti (.—.) obs. watching over, guarding
sıyga
   (s.o ./s .t.)* — etmek /ı/ to watch over, keep a watchful eye on, guard. — meleği guardian angel.
sıyga obs., gram. mood. — ya çekmek hi colloq. to question (s.o.) very closely, give (s.o.) the third degree.
sıyırga prov. 1. wooden shovel (used for clearing snow off a roof). 2. pitchfork.
sıyırma 1. Ill grazing/skinning/scraping (leaving an injury); skinning (s.t.) off. 2. hi peeling off, stripping off, taking off; skimming off.
   3. Ill drawing (a sword). 4. hi scouring/scraping (s.t.) clean; picking/gnawing (a bone) clean; eating every morsel of food on (one’s plate). 5. hi tearing (a cloth) into strips, ripping up (a cloth). 6. Ill pulling (a garment) up/down a little bit. 7. /i, dan/ colloq. getting (s.o.) out of (a predicament).
sıyırmak 1. hi to graze/skin/scrape (leaving an injury); to skin (s.t.) off. 2. hi to peel off,, strip off, take off; to skim off. 3. hi to draw (a sword). 4. hi to scour/scrape (s.t.) clean; to pick/gnaw (a bone) clean; to eat every morsel of food on (one’s plate). 5. hi to tear (a cloth) into strips, rip up (a cloth). 6. hi to pull (a garment) up/down a little bit. 7. /i, dan/ colloq. to get (s.o.) out of (a predicament).
sıyırtma 1. /ı, a/ having (s.o.) strip/skim (s.t.) off. 2. /i, a/ thaving (s.o.) draw (a sword). 3. /i, a/ having (s.o.) scour/scrape (s.t.) clean; having (s.o.) pick (a bone) clean; having (s.o.) eat every morsel of food on (his/her plate). 4. /i, a/ having (s.o.) tear (a cloth) into strips. 5. /i, dan/ colloq. enabling (s.o.) to get out of (a jam). — geçmek III (for a ship) to pass (s.t.) with hardly an inch to spare.
sıyırtmak 1. /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) strip/skim (s.t.) off. 2. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) draw (a sword). 3. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) scour/scrape (s.t.) clean; to have (s.o.) pick (a bone) clean; to have (s.o.) eat every morsel of food on (his/her plate). 4. h, al to have (s.o.) tear (a cloth) into strips. 5. /i, dan/ colloq. to enable (s.o.) to get out of (a jam).
sıyrık 1. grazed, skinned; scraped. 2. colloq. brazen, shameless. 3. graze; skinned place; scrape.
sıyrılma 1. being grazed/skinned/scraped. 2. being peeled off; being skimmed off. 3. (of a sword) being drawn. 4. being scoured/ scraped clean. 5. (of a cloth) being torn into strips. 6. /dan/ colloq. getting free of, getting shut of.
sıyrılmak 1. to be grazed/skinned/scraped. 2. to be peeled off; to be skimmed off. 3. (for a sword) to be drawn. 4. to be scoured/ scraped clean. 5. (for a cloth) to be torn into strips. 6. /dan/ colloq. to get free of, get shut of.
sıyrıntı 1. scrapings (left at the bottom of a cooking pot). 2. strip of cloth (torn off an-
 765                                         sızlanmak
   other piece of cloth), sızak prov. rill of water (trickling out of a mountainside/a rock mass), sızdırılma 1. being made to leak, trickle, or ooze out; being allowed to leak, trickle, or ooze out. 2. being clarified by melting and straining. 3. (of a secret) being leaked out.
   4. /dan/ (of money) being squeezed/wangled out of (s.o.); (of s.o.) being made to part with money (as a result of s.o.’s machinations).
   5. (of a place) being infiltrated; /a/ (of people) being infiltrated into (a place).
sızdırılmak 1. to be made to leak, trickle, or ooze out; to be allowed to leak, trickle, or ooze out. 2. to be clarified by melting and straining. 3. (for a secret) to be leaked out.
   4.    /dan/ (for money) to be squeezed/wangled out of (s.o.); (for s.o.) to be made to part with money (as a result of s.o.’s machinations). 5. (for a place) to be infiltrated; /a/ (for people) to be infiltrated into (a place), sızdırma 1. Ill causing (s.t.) to leak, trickle, or ooze out. 2. hi clarifying (s.t.) by melting and straining. 3. hi letting (a secret) leak out.
   4.    /i, dan/ squeezing/wangling (money) out of (s.o.); hi squeezing/wangling (money) out of someone. 5. h, a/ causing (people) to infiltrate (a place). 6. hi (of too much liquor) causing (s.o.) to pass out. sızdırmak 1. hi to cause (s.t.) to leak, trickle, or ooze out. 2. hi to clarify (s.t.) by melting and straining. 3. hi to let (a secret) leak out.
   4.    /i, dan/ to squeeze/wangle (money) out of (s.o.); hi to squeeze/wangle (money) out of someone. 5. /i, a/ to cause (people) to infiltrate (a place). 6. Ill (for too much liquor) to cause (s.o.) to pass out. sızdırmaz leakproof.
sızgıt, -ti prov. 1. ground meat. 2. a kind of braised meat, sızı (dull) ache.
sızıcı 1. leaky. 2. phon. fricative/spirant (consonant). — ünsüz phon. (a) fricative, (a) spirant, sızıldanma complaining, sızıldanmak to complain, sızıltı 1. complaining; complaint. 2. discontent, dissatisfaction, sızım leaking, leak; trickling, trickle; oozing, ooze; seepage, sızım sızım (./ ..) used in: — sızlamak to ache intensely. — sızlanmak to complain vehemently.
sızıntı something which has leaked, trickled, or oozed out; leakage; ooze; seepage, sızırma hi prov. clarifying (s.t.) by melting it and straining it; refining, sızırmak hi prov. to clarify (s.t.) by melting it and straining it; to refine, sızlama 1. aching, ache, hurting. 2. complaining, sızlamak 1. to ache, hurt. 2. to complain, sızlanma complaining, sızlanmak to complain.
sızlatma
766
sigorta
sızlatma /ı/ 1. causing (s.t.) to ache. 2. (of s.t.
   sad) paining (s.o.), making (s.o.’s heart) ache, sızlatmak hi 1. to cause (s.t.) to ache. 2. (for s.t. sad) to pain (s.o.), make (s.o.’s heart) ache.
sızma 1. /dan/ trickling out of (or through), trickle; leaking from/through, leak; seeping from/through, seepage; /a/ trickling into; leaking into; oozing, ooze, exuding. 2. (a secret’s) leaking out, becoming known. 3. /a/ infiltrating, infiltration, entering (a place) unobtrusively. 4. passing out (after getting drunk).
sızmak 1. /dan/ to trickle out öf (or through); to leak/seep from/through; /a/ to trickle into; to leak into; to ooze, exude. 2. (for a secret) to leak out, become known. 3. /a/ to infiltrate, enter (a place) unobtrusively. 4. to pass out (after getting drunk).
Si chem. Si (silicium/silicon). si mus. ti.
sibernasyon cybernation, sibernetik cybernetics.
                                                            Sibirya (./.) 1. Siberia. 2. Siberian, of Siberia, sibiryakazi, -ni (./...) zool. red-breasted goose, Branta ruficollis. sicil 1. register (containing a list of official documents/transactions). 2. (a government employee’s) employment record, dossier, file.
   —i bozuk (s.o.) who has a black mark on . his/her employment record, who doesn’t have a good record. — limanı naut. port of registry. — vermek to report whether or not an employee is qualified for a promotion, sicilli 1. entered in a register, registered. 2. previously convicted, (s.o.) who has a criminal record.
Sicilya (./.) 1. Sicily. 2. Sicilian, of Sicily. Sicilyali (./..) 1. (a) Sicilian. 2. Sicilian (person).
sicim string, twine, packthread. — gibi colloq.
   1.     pelting (rain). 2. streaming (tears), siderit, -ti geol. siderite. sidik urine. — borucuklan anat. urinary ducts.
   —   borusu anat. ureter. — söktürücü diuretic. — söktürüm diuresis. — torbası anat. bladder, urinary bladder. — tutulması retention of urine. — yarışı colloq. competition to be preeminent in something trifling.
   —   yokluğu anuria.
sidikkavuğu, -nu (./...) anat. bladder, urinary bladder.
sidikli 1. stained with urine. 2. unable to retain one’s urine, enuretic; (child) who wets the bed.
sidiklimeşe (../..) bot. Turkey oak (so called because its wood tends to drip a lot of sap when burnt), sidikyolu, -nu (./..) anat. urethra. — kovuk yapısı anat. corpus cavernosum urethrae. — yangısı path, urethritis, sidikzoru, -nu (./..) abnormal retention of urine; dysuria. — na tutulmak to begin to retain
    one’s urine for an abnormal length of time; to become afflicted with dysuria.
Sierra Leone 1. Sierra Leone. 2. Sierra Leonean, of Sierra Leone.
Sierra Leoneli 1. (a) Sierra Leonean. 2. Sierra Leonean (person), sif com. C.I.F. (cost, insurance, and freight), sifilis path, syphilis.
sifon 1. siphon. 2. flush mechanism, flushing mechanism. 3. plumbing S trap, P trap. 4. culvert (under a road/a railroad). — u çekmek to flush the toilet, sifonlular zool. Siphonariidae. sif os slang futile, useless, siftah colloq. 1. first sale of the day; first sale of a new commodity; first purchase of the day. 2. for the first time. — etmek 1. to make one’s first sale of the day. 2. to eat something for the first time (during its season). — parası the money gained from the first sale of the day. — senden, bereket Allahtan. (Siftahı senden, bereketi Allahtan.)
    I  hope this sale brings me good luck (said by a seller to his/her first customer of the day).
                                                             siftahlama hi 1. selling one’s first (item) of the day. 2. eating one’s first (food) of the season, siftahlamak hi 1. to sell one’s first (item) of the day. 2. to eat one’s first (food) of the season.
siftinme prov. 1. fooling around, wasting time, passing the time doing nothing. 2. scratching o.s. by rubbing against something. 3. /a/ cozying up to, trying to ingratiate o.s. with (s.o.) by fawning, siftinmek prov. 1. to fool around, waste time, pass the time doing nothing. 2. to scratch o.s. by rubbing against something. 3. /a/ to cozy up to, try to ingratiate o.s. with (s.o.) by fawning, sigala (./.) bot., see günlük ağacı, sigara (./.) cigarette. —yı bırakmak to give up smoking cigarettes. S— içilmez. No smoking. — içmek to smoke, smoke cigarettes/a cigarette. — kâğıdı cigarette paper.
    —  kâğıdı gibi colloq. paper-thin. —- tablası ashtray.
sigaraböceği, -ni (./....) zool. cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne. sigaraböreği, -ni (./....) a cigar-shaped, fried pastry stuffed with cheese/meat, sigaralık (./..) 1. cigarette-holder. 2. cigarette case; cigarette box. sigorta (./.) 1. insurance (e.g. life insurance, health insurance). 2. elec. fuse. — bedeli indemnity, compensation, money paid by an insurance company to a policyholder in case of loss. — değeri insurable value. — etmek h! to insure. — kutusu elec. fuse box. — olmak to be insured, be covered by an insurance policy. — poliçesi insurance policy.
    —  primi insurance premium. — şirketi insurance company.
sigortacı
 767
sildirmek
sigortacı (./..) insurance agent, underwriter, insurer.
sigortacılık selling insurance, sigortalama (./...) /ı/ 1. insuring. 2. ensuring the safety of (s.t.). sigortalamak (./...) Ill 1. to insure. 2. to ensure the safety of (s.t.). sigortalı (./..) 1. insured, covered by an insurance policy. 2. (s.t.) the safety of which has been ensured, sigorya (./.) slang by all means, without fail, you can bet your boots .... siğil wart, verruca.
siğilli warty, verrucose; (place) which has a wart on it; covered with warts, siğilotu, -nu (./..) bot. 1. dandelion, Taraxacum.
    2.    spurge, euphorbia, Euphorbia. sihir, -hri 1. magic; sorcery; witchcraft. 2.
    magic, charm, magical influence/power, sihirbaz magician; sorcerer, sihirbazlık magic; sorcery; witchcraft, sihirleme 111 1. bewitching, casting a spell on.
    2.    enchanting, charming, delighting greatly, sihirlemek hi 1. to bewitch, cast a spell on. 2.
    to enchant, charm, delight greatly, sihirli 1. bewitched, put under a magic spell. 2. magical, possessed of supernatural powers.
    3. bewitching, enchanting, charming, very delightful.
sik, -ki vulg. penis, *dick, *cock.
sikatif 1. (a) siccative, (a) drier (for oil paint).
    2.    siccative (substance), sikişme vulg. *fucking, * screwing (of two people).
sikişmek vulg. (for two people) to *fuck, *screw.
sikke 1. (a) coin. 2. design struck on a coin. 3.
                              tall felt hat worn by a Mevlevi dervish, siklamen 1. bot. cyclamen, Cyclamen. 2. cyclamen, dark reddish purple, siklememe hi vulg. not giving a damn about, not giving a *shit about, not giving a *fuck about.
siklememek hi vulg. not to give a damn about, not to give a *shit about, not to give a *fuck about, siklon cyclone, siklotron cyclotron, sikme hi vulg. *fucking, ^screwing, sikmek hi vulg. to *fuck, *screw. siktiretme hi vulg. 1. telling (s.o.) to *fuck off.
    2.    getting rid of (s.o.). siktiretmek hi vulg. 1. to tell (s.o.) to *fuck off. 2. to get rid of (s.o.). siktirici vulg. *fucking, *shitty, good-for -nothing.
siktirme h, a/ vulg. 1. causing (one person) to *fuck/*screw (another/o.s.). 2. letting (s.o.) *fuck/*screw (another/o.s.). siktirmek /ı, a/ vulg. 1. to cause (one person) to *fuck/*screw (another/o.s.). 2. to let (s.o.) *fuck/*screw (another/o.s.). Siktir!/Siktir git! vulg. Get *fucked!/*Fuck off!
silah weapon, arm. — altına alınmak to be
    called into military service. — atmak to fire a weapon. — başına! mil. command To arms! —lari çatmak to stack arms. — çekmek 1. to pull out or draw a weapon (preparatory to attacking s.o.); /a/ to threaten (s.o.) with a weapon. 2. /a/ to fire a gun at (s.o.). —a davranmak to go for a weapon, move to pull out or draw a weapon. — omuza! mil. command Shoulder arms! — patlamak 1. for war to break out. 2. for a weapon to fire, —a sarılmak to resort to arms.
silahendaz (...—) obs., mil. (a) marine, silahhane (..— .) armory; arsenal, silahlama hi see silahlandırma, silahlamak hi see silahlandırmak, silahlandırma III arming, equipping with weapons.
silahlandırmak hi to arm, equip with weapons, silahlanma armament, taking up arms, arming
    o.s.; becoming armed; increasing one’s supply of arms. — yarışı arms race, silahlanmak to take up arms, arm o.s.; to become armed; to increase one’s supply of arms.
silahlı armed. — kuvvetler the armed forces.
    —      tarafsızlık armed neutrality, silahlık mil. gun rack; arms rack, silahsız unarmed, —a ayırmak hi mil. to assign (s.o.) to noncombat duty, silahsızlandırma 111 disarming, divesting (s.o.) of arms.
silahsızlandırmak 111 to disarm, divest (s.o.) of arms.
silahsızlanma disarmament, becoming disarmed; reducing one’s supply of arms, silahsızlanmak to disarm, become disarmed; to reduce one’s supply of arms, silahşor man-at-arms; musketeer, silahşorluk being a man-at-arms, soldiering, sildirilme 1. having (s.t. wet) wiped up/wiped aw ay/wiped (using s.t. dry); having (s.t.) dried. 2. having (s.t.) cleaned/rubbed clean (using s.t. wet). 3. having (s.t.) erased/rubbed out. 4. comp, having (s.t.) deleted, sildirilmek 1. to have (s.t. wet) wiped up/wiped away/wiped (using s.t. dry); to have (s.t.) dried. 2. to have (s.t.) cleaned/rubbed clean (using s.t. wet). 3. to have (s.t.) erased/rubbed out. 4. comp, to have (s.t.) deleted, sildirme /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) wipe up/wipe away/wipe (s.t. wet) (using s.t. dry); having (s.o.) dry (s.t.). 2. having (s.o.) clean (s.t.), having (s.o.) rub (s.t.) clean (using s.t. wet).
    3.  having (s.o.) erase/rub out (s.t.). 4. comp. having (s.o.) delete (s.t.). sildirmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) wipe up/wipe away/wipe (s.t. wet) (using s.t. dry); to have (s.o.) dry (s.t.). 2. to have (s.o.) clean (s.t.), have (s.o.) rub (s.t.) clean (using s.t. wet). 3. to have (s.o.) erase/rub out (s.t.). 4. comp, to have (s.o.) delete (s.t.).
silecek
 768
 siluet
silecek 1. bath towel. 2. windshield wiper (on a vehicle). 3. doormat, silgi 1. (ink/pencil) eraser, Brit, rubber. 2. blackboard eraser. 3. windshield wiper (on a vehicle). 4. doormat. 5. mop. 6. prov. bath towel.
silgiç windshield wiper (on a vehicle), sili 1. clean. 2. chaste, virtuous, silici 1. person who cleans/polishes floors; floor cleaner; floor polisher; person who cleans windows, window cleaner. 2. sandblaster, person who sandblasts. 3. polisher, burnisher (person/implement). silik 1. barely perceptible, indistinct; (coin) the markings of which have been greatly worn down; (s.t.) the lines/markings of which have become indistinct. 2. faceless, lacking in individuality, silikat, -ti chem. silicate, silikleşme becoming indistinct, becoming barely perceptible.
silikleşmek to become indistinct, become barely perceptible.
siliklik 1. indistinctness. 2. facelessness, lack of individuality, silikon chem. 1. silicon. 2. silicone, silikoz path, silicosis, sililik 1. cleanness. 2. chastity, virtue, silindir 1. cylinder. 2. road roller. 3. cylinder (in a motor). — şapka top hat. silindiraj rolling (of roads, steel, etc.); calendering (of cloth, paper, etc.). silindireksen (../..) anat. axon (of a nerve cell), silindirsel cylindrical.
silinme 1. wiping o.s. dry/clean. 2. (of s.t. wet) being wiped up/wiped away/wiped (with s.t. dry). 3. being cleaned/rubbed clean (with s.t. wet). 4. being erased/rubbed out. 5. comp. being deleted, silinmek 1. to wipe o.s. dry/clean. 2. (for s.t. wet) to be wiped up/wiped away/wiped (with s.t. dry). 3. to be cleaned/rubbed clean (with s.t. wet). 4. to be erased/rubbed out. 5. comp. to be deleted, silinti trace of something which has been rubbed out or worn away, silis silica.
silisçil bot. silicicolous (plant), silisik chem. silicic. — asit silicic acid, silisiz unchaste, wanton, silisyum (./.) chem. silicium, silicon, silkeleme h/ 1. shaking; shaking (s.t.) out. 2. slang (of a dolmuş driver) dropping off (a passenger) at his/her destination, silkelemek hi 1. to shake; to shake (s.t.) out. 2. slang (for a dolmuş driver) to drop off (a passenger) at his/her destination, silkelenme 1. being shaken; being shaken out.
   2. shaking o.s. 3. /dan/ ridding o.s. of, shaking off, casting off. 4. snapping to, coming to with a start, jerking o.s. out of a somnolent state.
silkelenmek 1. to be shaken; to be shaken out.
   2.    to shake o.s. 3. /dan/ to rid o.s. of, shake off, cast off. 4. to snap to, come to with a start, jerk o.s. out of a somnolent state, silki convulsive movement made while sleeping, silkindirme 1. Ill causing (s.o.) to shake himself/herself. 2. /i, dan/ causing (s.o.) to rid himself/herself of (s.t.). 3. h! bringing (s.o.) to with a start, silkindirmek 1. hi to cause (s.o.) to shake himself/herself. 2. /i, dan/ to cause (s.o.) to rid himself/herself of (s.t.). 3. Ill to bring (s.o.) to with a start, silkinme 1. shaking o.s. 2. /dan/ ridding o.s. of, shaking off, casting off. 3. snapping to, coming to with a start, jerking o.s. out of a somnolent state, silkinmek 1. to shake o.s. 2. /dan/ to rid o.s. of, shake off, cast off. 3. to snap to, come to with a start, jerk o.s. out of a somnolent state, silkinti start, sudden movement, silkişme (of an animal) shaking itself, silkişmek (for an animal) to shake itself, silkme 1. hi shaking; shaking out. 2. h! shrugging (one’s shoulders). 3. dish of chopped eggplant/squash cooked with meat, silkmek hi 1. to shake; to shake out. 2. to shrug (one’s shoulders), silktirme /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) shake (s.t.); having (s.o.) shake (s.t.) out. 2. causing (s.o.) to shrug (his/her shoulders), silktirmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) shake (s.t.); to have (s.o.) shake (s.t.) out. 2. to cause (s.o.) to shrug (his/her shoulders), sille slap, cuff, box (made with the hand). — atmak /a/ to slap, cuff. — tokat slapping and cuffing him/her/them/each other, silme 1. wiping up; wiping away; wiping; drying. 2. cleaning, rubbing (s.t.) clean. 3. erasing, rubbing out. 4. comp, deleting, deletion.
   5.     arch, molding; projecting stringcourse; coping. 6. full to the brim, brimful. 7. completely, wholly, entirely. — tahtası board for leveling off a measure of grain. — tuşu comp, delete key. silmece (filling s.t.) up to the brim, brimful, silmek 111 1. to wipe up/wipe away/wipe (s.t. wet) (using s.t. dry); to dry. 2. to clean, rub (s.t.) clean (using s.t. wet). 3. to erase, rub out. 4. comp, to delete, silip süpürmek hi
   1.     to clean (a place) from stem to stem. 2. to eat up every morsel of (s.t.). 3. to destroy (everything), sweep (everything) away; to make a clean sweep of (all of them), get rid of (them all), silo (.'.) silo.
silolama 111 siloing, putting/storing (grain) in a silo.
silolamak 111 to silo, put/store (grain) in a silo, silsile 1. series, chain. 2. (mountain) range. 3.
   lineage, ancestry, line of descent, silsilename (...— .) chart showing someone’s lineage, siluet, -ti silhouette.
silüryen
 silüryen geol. 1. the Silurian period or system of rocks, the Silurian. 2. Silurian, of the Silurian.
 silyon naut. white navigation light (on a ship’s mast). — feneri see silyon.
 ’sim 1. silver. 2. made of silver, silver.
 2sim bot. paper-white narcissus, Narcissus papy-raceus.
3sim prov. sign, signal; symbol, sima (— —) 1. face (of a person). 2. (well -known) figure, person, simbiyont, -tu biol, see ortakyaşar, simbiyoz biol., see ortakyaşama. simetri symmetry, simetrik symmetrical, simetrili see simetrik, simetrisiz asymmetrical, simge symbol.
simgeci fine arts, lit. 1. (a) Symbolist. 2. Symbolist, of the Symbolists, simgecilik fine arts, lit. Symbolism, simgeleme hi symbolizing, symbolization, simgelemek hI to symbolize, simgeleşme becoming a symbol, simgeleşmek to become a symbol, simgelik system of symbols, simgesel symbolic, symbolical. — mantık symbolic logic, mathematical logic, simgesellik symbolic quality, symbolicalness, simit 1. a crisp, ring-shaped savory roll covered with sesame seeds. 2. naut. life buoy, life preserver, life ring. 3. something shaped like a life buoy: direksiyon simidi steering wheel (of an automobile/a bus/a truck). 4. prov. finely cracked wheat. 5. school slang zero, simitçi maker/seller of simits. — fırını bakery where simits are made, simitçilik making/selling simits. simpozyum (./.) see sempozyum, simsar commission agent, broker, middleman, simsariye (.— ..) commission, percentage, brokerage, broker’s fee. simsarlık brokerage, being a commission agent, simsiyah (/..) jet black.
Simurg, -g’u mythology Simurgh, Simurg. simültane simultaneous. — çeviri simultaneous translation, simya (.—) alchemy, simyacı (.—.) alchemist, simyager (.—.) see simyacı.
 ’sin, -nni obs. 1. age (of a person). 2. tooth (of a person/an animal).
2sin grave, tomb, sinagog, -gu synagogue, sinagrit, -ti zool. dentex (a sea bream), Dentex dentex.
 sinameki (.—..) 1. bot. senna, Cassia acutifolia.
    2. colloq. tiresome and persnickety (person).
    3. colloq. tiresome and exasperatingly slow (person).
sinaps, -si physiol, synapse, sinapsis biol. synapsis.
 sinara (./.) large fishing lure (shaped like a fish
769                                             sinema
                                                                            and provided with hooks), sinarit, -ti zool., see sinagrit.
 sincabi (.-----) dark gray, squirrel-colored.
sincap 1. zool. squirrel, Sciurus. 2. squirrel fur, squirrel. 3. made of squirrel fur, squirrel, sincapgiller zool. Sciuridae. sincapmaymunu, -nu (./...) zool. squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciurea. sindirilme being digested, sindirilmek to be digested, sindirim biol. digestion. — aygıtı anat. digestive system. — güçlüğü dyspepsia. — sayrılıkları dalı gastroenterology. — sayrılıkları uzmanı gastroenterologist. — sistemi anat., see sindirim aygıtı, sindirimbilim (../..) gastroenterology, sindirimbilimci (../...) gastroenterologist, sindirimsel digestive, sindirimsizlik dyspepsia, sindirme 1. hi cowing; intimidating. 2. Ill digesting. 3. /i, a/ causing (s.t.) to pervade/ permeate.
 sindirmek 1. Ill to cow; to intimidate. 2. hi to digest. 3. /i, a/ to cause (s.t.) to pervade/ permeate.
                             sine (—.) bosom, breast, —ye çekmek hi colloq. to endure (s.t. unpleasant) resignedly, sinek 1. zool. housefly, fly, Musca domestica.
   2.    zool. mosquito; horsefly; gnat; any small flying insect. 3. playing cards (a) club. — avlamak colloq. to kill time, twiddle one’s thumbs. — kâğıdı flypaper. — küçüktür ama mide bulandırır, proverb Some small and seemingly insignificant people/things are capable of wreaking great mischief. — pekmezciyi tanır, proverb (The fly knows the molasses maker.) A clever, competent person knows whom to go to when he/she needs help, —ten yağ çıkarmak colloq. to hunt for profit where there’s none to be found, be on a fool’s errand, sinekağırlık (./...) boxing flyweight class, sinekçil zool. flycatcher, Muscicapa. sinekkapan 1. bot. Venus’s flytrap, Dionaea muscipula. 2. zool. flycatcher, Muscicapa. sinekkaydı 1. very smooth, very close (shave).
   2.    (shaved) very smoothly, very closely, sinekkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. hummingbird, Trochilus.
 sineklenme becoming infested with flies/mosquitoes.
sineklenmek to become infested with flies/mosquitoes, sinekler zool. Muscidae. sinekli fly-infested, full of flies, sineklik 1. fly swatter, fly swat. 2. flypaper, sineksiklet, -ti (./..) boxing, see sinekağırlık. sinekyutan zool., see sinekçil. sinema (./.) 1. movie house, motion-picture theater, Brit, cinema. 2. cinematography, Brit, the cinema. — endüstrisi/sanayii the motion-picture industry, the movies, Brit, the cinema.
sinemacı
 770
sintine
sinemacı (./..) 1. moviemaker, person engaged in the production of motion pictures. 2. distributor of motion-picture films, movie distributor. 3. operator of a motion-picture theater. 4. movie actor/actress, sinemacılık (./...) 1. moviemaking. 2. selling movies; hiring out movies, sinemasever movie fan, movie lover, movie buff.
sinemaskop, -pu cinemascope, sinematek cinematheque, sinematik 1. kinematics. 2. kinematic, kine-matical. sinerama (../.) cinerama, sinerji synergy, synergism, sinestezi synesthesia.
Singapur (./.) 1. Singapore. 2. Singapore, Singaporean, of Singapore.
Singapurlu (./..) 1. (a) Singaporean. 2. Singaporean (person), singin prov. 1. shy, timid, bashful. 2. easily cowed; easily intimidated, sini large, round copper/brass tray.
’sinik crouching, cowering (person/thing). 2sinik phil., see kinik.
sinir 1. anat. nerve. 2. colloq. sinew, tendon; muscle fiber. 3. colloq. quirk, peculiar trait, peculiarity of behavior. 4. colloq. thing about which one is fastidious. 5. colloq. anger; irritation. 6. colloq. equanimity, emotional bal-
*  ance: Bende sinir kalmadı. My nerves are shot./I’m very upset. 7. colloq'. irritating, exasperating (person/thing). — ağrısı neuralgia, —leri altüst olmak colloq. to be very upset/ angry/irritated. — argınlığı neurasthenia, —leri ayakta olmak colloq., see sinirleri altüst olmak. — boğumları anat. neural ganglions, —leri boşanmak colloq. to have a fit of nerves, be unable to control o.s., get hysterical or slightly hysterical. — bozucu colloq. nerve-racking, nerve-wracking, —ine dokunmak Iml colloq. to get on (one’s) nerves, irritate, Brit, give (s.o.) the pip. — gazı nerve gas. —leri gergin olmak colloq. to be tense, be under nervous pressure, —leri gerilmek colloq. (for s.o.) to be ready to explode with anger. — gözesi biol. nerve cell, neuron. — harbi war of nerves. — hastalığı neuropathy. — hastası (a) neuropath; (a) neurotic. — hücresi biol., see sinir gözesi. — kesilmek colloq. to become enraged.
   —   kökenli neurogenic. —leri kuvvetli colloq. cool, self-possessed, imperturbable. — olmak (—i oynamak) colloq. to get angry, get one’s dander up. — sayrılığı see sinir hastalığı. — şeridi zool. nerve cord. — teli nerve fiber. — i tutmak colloq. to get angry suddenly, get in a temper. — tutsağı hysteric.
   —   tutsaklığı hysteria. — ucu nerve ending, nerve end. —leri zayıf colloq. excitable, easily excited; easily irritated.
sinirbilim (..'..) neurology, sinirbilimci (./...) neurologist.
sinirbilimsel (./...) neurological, sinirce neurosis, sinirdoku (./..) neural tissue, sinirgi psychoneurosis, sinirgin psychoneurotic, sinirkanathlar (./....) zool. Neuroptera. sinirleme hf 1. butchery pulling out the sinewy parts in (a piece of meat). 2. hamstringing, cutting the leg tendons of (an animal), sinirlemek hi 1. butchery to pull out the sinewy parts in (a piece of meat). 2. to hamstring, cut the leg tendons of (an animal), sinirlendirme hi putting (s.o.) in a temper, making (s.o.) mad; irritating, annoying, grating on/upon, Brit, giving (s.o.) the pip. sinirlendirmek hi to put (s.o.) in a temper, make (s.o.) mad; to irritate, annoy, grate on/ upon, Brit, give (s.o.) the pip. sinirlenme /a/ getting mad (at); getting irritated (at), getting annoyed (at), sinirlenmek /a/ to get mad (at); to get irritated (at), get annoyed (at), sinirli 1. quick to anger, quick-tempered. 2. angry, in a temper; heated, irate. 3. tense and irritable, edgy, nervous. 4. full of sinews, sinewy, tendinous, sinirlilik 1. quickness of temper. 2. anger; irateness. 3. edginess, irritableness, nervousness. 4. sinewiness, sinirotu, -nu (./..) bot. ribwort plantain, Plan-tago lanceolata. sinirsel neural, sinizm phil., see kinizm, sinkaf slang penis, tool. — etmek hi to lay, have sex with, sinkaflama hi slang laying, having sex with, sinkaflamak hi slang to lay, have sex with, sinkretizm see senkretizm, sinkronizm see senkronizm, sinlik cemetery, graveyard, sinme 1. crouching down (in order not to be seen). 2. /a/ pervading/penetrating/permeating deeply. 3. cowering in fear, sinmek 1. to crouch down (in order not to be seen). 2. /a/ to pervade/penetrate/permeate deeply. 3. to cower in fear, sinolog Sinologist, sinoloji Sinology.
sinonim 1. synonym. 2. synonymous, sinsi 1. sly, adroit at deception, subtle in deceit.
   2. insidious (disease), sinsice (./.) slyly, sinsileşme becoming sly. sinsileşmek to become sly. sinsilik 1. slyness, subtlety in deceit. 2. insidiousness (of a disease), sinsin a dance performed by village youths one at a time in front of a fire, sintigrafi med. scintigraphy, sintigram med. scintigram, scintiscan, sintilasyon scintillation. — aygıtı/cihazı scintillation counter, sintine (./.) naut. bilge, lowest part of a ship’s
sinüs
771
sitemli
    interior.
sinüs (/.) 1. anat. sinus. 2. math. sine.
sinüzit, -ti path, sinusitis.
sinüzoidal, -li math, sinusoidal.
sinüzoit math., anat. sinusoid.
sinyal, -li 1. signal. 2. dial tone (of a telephone).
    —   çekmek see sinyal vermek. — lambası blinker, turn-signal light, Brit, indicator, Brit, winker (on an automobile, etc.). — vermek to signal, give a signal.
sipahi (.—.) Ott. hist, knight (who held a grant of land from the sultan in return for military service).
sipariş (.—.) order, thing/things ordered as a purchase. — almak to receive an order. — etmek /ı, a/ to order (s.t.) from, place an order for (s.t.) with. — vermek /a/ to order something from, siper 1. shield; (a) shelter. 2. mil. trench, foxhole; breastwork. 3. bill, peak, visor (of a cap). 4. sheltered, hidden, protected (place).
    —   almak 1. l\l to take shelter behind (s.t./ s.o.). 2. fencing to parry a blow. — e almak /i/ to take under one’s protection, (kendine)
        etmek /ı/ to use (s.t./s.o.) as a shield, (kendini) — etmek /a/ to shield (s.o./s.t.) with one’s own body.
Siperisaika (./.—..) obs. lightning rod. siperlenme taking shelter, siperlenmek to take shelter, siperlik 1. bill, peak, visor (of a cap). 2. canopy (jutting out over a window/a door); awning; projecting roof. 3. (a) shelter, sipolin geol. cipolin.
sipsi 1. boatswain’s pipe/whistle. 2. mouthpiece of a zurna. 3. slang cigarette, fag, weed, sipsivri (/..) very sharp (point). — kalmak colloq. to be left standing all by o.s., be deserted by the others present, sirayet, -ti (.—.) spread of (s.t.) from one person to another. — etmek to spread, siren 1. siren (warning device). 2. mythology siren.
siret, -ti (—.) obs. (a person’s) character, morals, moral conduct, sirk, -ki circus, sirkat, -ti obs. stealing, theft.
’sirke vinegar, —sini, sarmısağmı sayan (hesap eden) paçayı yiyemez, proverb Anyone who shies away from something because of the risks it may involve will never accomplish anything.
2sirke zool. nit (the egg of a louse or a similar parasite), sirkeci maker/seller of vinegar, sirkecilik making/selling vinegar, sirkelenme becoming infested with nits, becoming nitty, sirkelenmek to become infested with nits, become nitty, sirkeleşme turning into vinegar, sirkeleşmek to turn into vinegar, sirkencebin obs., see sirkengebin.
sirkengebin obs. oxymel, honey mixed with vinegar.
sirkesineği, -ni (./...) zool. fruit fly, vinegar fly, Drosophila.
sirkülasyon circulation (of blood/traffic/money), sirküler circular, printed notice, sirmo (/.) bot. crow garlic, field garlic, wild garlic, Allium vineale. siroko (./.) sirocco, very hot Saharan wind, siroz path, cirrhosis, sirrus (/.) cirrus, cirrus cloud, sirtaki (./.) sirtaki (a dance), sirto (/.) 1. a dance. 2. the music accompanying this dance.
sis fog; mist; haze. — basmak for the fog to come in. — bombası smoke bomb. — çanağı smoke pot; smudge pot. — düdüğü foghorn. — lambası fog light, fog lamp. — perdesi smoke screen.
Sisam (/.) 1. Samos. 2. Samian, of Samos.
Sisamli (/..) 1. (a) Samian. 2. Samian (person).
sislenme getting foggy.
sislenmek to get foggy.
sisli foggy; misty; hazy.
sismograf seismograph.
sismolog seismologist.
sismoloji seismology.
sistem system. — analisti systems analyst. — analizi systems analysis, sistematik systematic, sistemik systemic, sistemleşme becoming systematized, sistemleşmek to become systematized, sistemleştirme /i/ systematizing, systematization.
sistemleştirmek /ı/ to systematize, sistemli 1. systematic. 2. systematically, sistemsiz 1. unsystematic. 2. unsystematically, sistire (/..) 1. (electric) floor sander. 2. carpentry smoothing plane; cabinet scraper, scraper plane. 3. metal instrument used by bakers to scrape dough off a kneading -trough. — makinesi (electric) floor sander. sistireleme (/....) /ı/ 1. sanding (a floor) with an electric sander. 2. planing, smoothing (a surface). 3. scraping the dough off (a kneading-trough).
sistirelemek (/....) /ı/ 1. to sand (a floor) with an electric sander. 2. to plane, smooth (a surface). 3. to scrape the dough off (a kneading -trough), sistit, -ti path, cystitis, sistol, -lü physiol, systole, sistolik physiol, systolic, sitayiş (.—.) praise. — etmek /ı/ to praise, sitayişkâr (.— .—) obs. laudatory, full of praise, site 1. housing development (consisting of apartment blocks), Brit, housing estate. 2. large city. 3. hist, city-state, sitem reproach. — etmek /a/ to reproach, sitemkâr (..—) 1. reproachful (word/look). 2.
   (s.o.) inclined to reproach others, sitemli reproachful (word/look).
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sitil prov. 1. large, copper bucket. 2. watering can (used to water plants). 3. cloth which forms the floor of a tent. 4. small brazier, sitokimya (...—) cytochemistry, sitokinez cytokinesis, sitoloji cytology, sitolojik cytological, cytologic, sitoplazma (../.) biol. cytoplasm, sitotoksik cytotoxic, sitotoksin cytotoxin. sitrik citric. — asit chem. citric acid, sitteisevir (./...) a six-day storm occurring towards the end of April. —, her saati bir devir, proverb During the period of the sitteisevir the weather can change from hour to hour. —, kapıyı çevir, proverb The sitteisevir is so rough one ought to stay inside until it’s over, sittinsene (./..) for a very long time, for ages, sivil 1. civilian; not military; not wearing a uniform. 2. (a) civilian. 3. plainclothes policeman. 4. dressed in civilian clothes, in civilian clothes, in mufti. 5. colloq. stark naked, buck naked. — havacılık civil aviation. — polis plainclothes policeman, plain-clothesman. — savunma civil defense. — toplum örgütleri nongovernmental organizations.
sivilce pimple, pustule. — yi kurcalama, çıban
   edersin, proverb Let this small problem be, . unless you want to end up with a big problem on your hands, sivilceli pimply, pimpled, sivişme prov. slipping away, sneaking off. sivişmek prov. to slip away, sneak off. sivri 1. (s.t.) which has a sharp point, sharply pointed, sharp. 2. zool. very large bonito, Sarda sarda. — akıllı colloq. (s.o.) who’s a self-opinionated screwball. — biber bot., see sivribiber.
sivribiber (./..) bot. (long and thin) green pepper, hot green pepper, Capsicum. sivrifare (./—.) zool. shrew, Sorex araneus. sivrikuyruk (./..) zool. threadworm, Oxyuris vermicularis. sivrileşme becoming sharply pointed, sivrileşmek to become sharply pointed, sivrilik being sharply pointed, pointedness, sharpness.
sivrilme 1. becoming sharply pointed. 2. (of an unusual/exceptional person) standing out, becoming conspicuous, sivrilmek 1. to become sharply pointed. 2. (for an unusual/exceptional person) to stand out, become conspicuous, sivriltme /ı/ pointing, sharpening, sivriltmek hi to point, sharpen, sivrisinek (./..) zool. mosquito, Culex/Anopheles.
siya (.'.) naut. rowing (a boat) backwards. — etmek h! to row (a boat) backwards. — siya gitmek naut. 1. to go backwards. 2. to backwater.
siyah 1. black. 2. dark. 3. print, boldface (letter). 4. (a) Black, Black person. 5. slang opium.
   —      beyaz 1. black-and-white (film/photograph). 2. black-and-white film/photograph, siyahımsı somewhat black, blackish, siyahımtırak see siyahımsı, siyahi (.— —) (a) Black, Black person, siyahlanma see siyahlaşma, siyahlanmak see siyahlaşmak, siyahlaşma turning black, siyahlaşmak to turn black, siyahlatma hi blackening, siyahlatmak hi to blacken, siyahlık 1. blackness. 2. a black spot, siyakat, -ti (.—.) Ott. hist. 1. style of writing used in treasury accounts and documents. 2. the finance cipher, siyakusibak, -ki (.— ..—) obs. context (of a piece of writing).
Siyam (/.) 1. Siam. 2. Siamese, of Siam, siyamkedisi, -ni (/....) Siamese cat.
Siyamli (/..) 1. (a) Siamese. 2. Siamese (person). — ikizler med. Siamese twins, conjoined twins, siyanojen chem. cyanogen, siyanür chem. cyanide.
siyasa 1. politics. 2. finesse, strategy, artfulness, adroit maneuvering, siyasal (.—.) political. S— Bilgiler Fakültesi formerly the School of Political Science (at Ankara University), siyaset, -ti (.—.) 1. politics. 2. finesse, strategy, artfulness, adroit maneuvering, siyasetçi (.—..) 1. politician. 2. person who is adroit at manipulating people or a situation to his/her own advantage, siyaseten (.— \.) politically, from a political point of view, siyasi (.— —) 1. political. 2. politician, siyasiyat, -ti (.— .—) politics, political affairs, siyatik 1. path, sciatica. 2. anat. sciatic nerve, siyeç prov. fence made of brush, siyek anat. urethra, siyenit, -ti geol. syenite, siyme urination, peeing (of a cat/a dog), siymek (for a cat/a dog) to urinate, pee. Siyonist, -ti 1. Zionist, Zionistic. 2. (a) Zionist. Siyonizm Zionism.
siz you. —ler you. — bilirsiniz, colloq. As you like./OK, you know best./The decision’s up to you. —den iyi olmasın .... colloq. Of course I don’t mean to say that the person I am praising is better than you .... —lere ömür! (May your life be long!) He’s/She’s passed away./He’s/She’s dead. — sağ olun! colloq. Never mind!/Forget it!/Don’t worry about it!
sizce (/.) according to you, in your opinion, as far as you are concerned, sizin your; yours. —le with you. — için for you.
sizinki, -ni yours, that which belongs to you. skala (/.) mus., see ıskala.
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skandal scandal. — çıkarmak to cause a scandal, create a scandal; to do something disgraceful.
skandiyum (/..) chem. scandium, skavut, -tu (/.) naut. a fast reconnaissance ship, scout.
skeç, -çi skit, sketch (for radio/television/a variety show), ski skiing (on snow). — yapmak to ski. skif skiff.
skink, -gi zool. skink, Scincus. skinkgiller zool. Scincidae. sklerofil bot. sclerophyll, sclerophyllous. sklerometre (../.) sclerometer. skleroskop, -pu scleroscope. skleroz path, sclerosis.
Skoç, -çu 1. Scotch whisky, Scotch. 2. Scotch (thing): Skoç etek tartan skirt, skolastik phil. Scholastic, of the Schoolmen, skor score (in a game/a contest), skrayper (.'.) 1. road grader, road scraper, scraper (a machine). 2. mining scraper (used for moving ore), skrotum (/.) anat. scrotum, skunk, -ku 1. skunk fur, skunk. 2. made of skunk fur, skunk, skuter (/.) motor scooter, slalom sports slalom.
Slav 1. (a) Slav. 2. Slavic, pertaining to the Slavs or their languages.
Slavca (/.) 1. Slavic, the Slavic language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Slavic, Slavic. 3. Slavic (speech/writing); spoken in Slavic; written in Slavic.
slayt slide, filmslide, transparency, slip, -pi briefs, very short underpants, slogan slogan. — atmak to shout slogans. Slovak 1. (a) Slovak. 2. Slovak, Slovakian, of the Slovaks. — Cumhuriyeti the Republic of Slovakia, the Slovak Republic.
Slovakça (./.) 1. Slovak, the Slovak language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Slovak, Slovak. 3. Slovak (speech/writing); spoken in Slovak; written in Slovak.
Slovakya (./.) 1. Slovakia. 2. Slovakian, of Slovakia.
Sloven 1. (a) Slovene. 2. Slovene, of the Slovenes.
Slovence (./.) 1. Slovene, Slovenian, the Slovene language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Slovene, Slovene, Slovenian. 3. Slovene, Slovenian (speech/writing); spoken in Slovene; written in Slovene.
Slovenya (./.) 1. Slovenia. 2. Slovenian, of Slovenia.
Slovenyali (./..) 1. (a) Slovene, (a) Slovenian, (a) Slavonian. 2. Slovene, Slovenian, Slavonian.
slow slow fox-trot, slow dance. — yapmak to do a slow fox-trot, do a slow dance.
Sm chem. Sm (samarium), smokin 1. tuxedo, tuxedo jacket and trousers, (semiformal) evening dress. 2. tuxedo jacket,
    dinner jacket.
Sn chem. Sn (tin).
sn. (abbr. for saniye) sec., s. (second), snobizm snobbism, snobbery, snop 1. snob. 2. snobbish, snobby, soba (/.) 1. stove (used for heating). 2. hothouse, greenhouse. — borusu stovepipe. — üzümü hothouse grapes, sobacı (/..) maker/repairer/installer of stoves, sobacılık (/...) making/selling stoves, sobalık (/..) 1. (wood/coal) which has been cut up or broken into pieces small enough to fit in a stove. 2. (material) from which stoves can be made. 3. enough (of a fuel) to fill up a stove for (so many) times, sobe (/.) hide-and-go-seek 1. Home free! (said by a player on reaching base). 2. You’re out! (said by the person who's “it” on reaching base).
sobeleme 111 hide-and-go-seek 1. (of the person who’s “it”) putting (a player) out. 2. reaching base before (s.o. else), sobelemek hi hide-and-go-seek 1. (for the person who’s “it”) to put (a player) out. 2. to reach base before (s.o. else), soda (.'.) 1. soda water, carbonated water; carbonated mineral water. 2. sodium carbonate, washing soda. 3. sodium bicarbonate. 4. sodium hydroxide, caustic soda, sodyum (/.) chem. sodium. — bikarbonat sodium bicarbonate. — flüorit sodium fluoride.
    —   fosfat sodium phosphate. — hidroksit sodium hydroxide. — hiposülfit sodium hypo-sulfite, sodium hydrosulfite. — karbonat sodium carbonate. — klorür sodium chloride.
    —   nitrat sodium nitrate. — sülfat sodium sulfate.
sof 1. a woolen cloth. 2. silkaline; raw silk (used as a lining), sofa (/.) hall; long room (onto which a number of rooms open), sofi (— —) 1. (a) Sufi. 2. Sufi, of the Sufis, sofist, -ti phil. 1. (a) Sophist. 2. Sophist, of the Sophists. 3. sophist, fallacious reasoner. sofizm sophism, specious reasoning, sofra 1. dinner table, table (which has a meal laid out on it). 2. squat, round table used for rolling out dough. 3. anus, —sı açık colloq. (person) who frequently has people to dinner.
    —   başında at the dinner table. — başına geçmek to sit down to a meal. — niza bereket. Thank you for your hospitality (said to one's host after a meal). — bezi cloth spread under a dining table during a meal. — donatmak to spread a lavish table, cover the dinner table with food. — /—yı kaldırmak to clear the table (after a meal). —/—yı kurmak to set the table (for a meal). — örtüsü tablecloth. — takımı 1. set of table linens. 2. set of dinnerware; place setting, —l—yi toplamak see sofra/sofrayı kaldırmak.
                                                                 softa 1. hist. Muslim theological student. 2. fanatic adherent, blind follower (of some
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    cause). 3. very pious, softalaşma 1. becoming a fanatic adherent. 2.
    becoming very pious, softalaşmak 1. to become a fanatic adherent.
    2.    to become very pious, softalık 1. fanatical adherence. 2. great piety, sofu (s.o.) who strictly conforms to the laws/ principles of his/her religion, strict (adherent).
   —   soğan yemez, yerse kabuğunu komaz. proverb When someone who has been a strict observer of a principle decides that said principle is invalid, he/she will break it with a vengeance.
sofuluk strictness in the observance of religious laws/principles, sofyan classical Turk. mus. an usul, soğan 1. bot. onion, Allium cepa. 2. bot. bulb; corm. — cücüğü heart of an onion. — çorbası onion soup. — zarı skin of an onion, soğancık anat. medulla oblongata, soğanlı 1. prepared with onions, containing onions. 2. bot. bulbed, soğansı bulbous, like a plant bulb, soğrumsama phys., chem. adsorption, soğuk 1. cold (as opposed to hot). 2. cold weather, the cold. 3. cold, frosty, unfriendly. 4. (sexually) frigid. — algınlığı path, cold, common cold. — almak path, to catch cold, —lar bastırmak colloq. for the weather to turn cold suddenly. — dalgası cold wave. , — damga embossed stamp. — davranmak /a/ colloq. to behave coldly (towards). — düşmek colloq., see soğuk kaçmak. — harp see soğuk savaş. — hava dalgası see soğuk dalgası. — hava deposu cold-storage depot, cold store. — hava kütlesi cold front.
   —   hava vagonu railway refrigerator car, Brit, refrigerator van. — ısırması path, chilblains, pernio, perniosis. — kaçmak colloq. to fall flat, go over like a ton of bricks. — neva/nevale colloq. cold and unapproachable person, cold fish. — renkler cool colors. —la sağaltım med. cryotherapy, crymo-therapy. — savaş cold war. — yakmak /i/,
   —   vurmak /a/ for the cold to injure (a plant).
soğukbez (./.) jaconet, a light cotton cloth, soğukkanlı (./..) 1. cool-headed, imperturbable.
    2.    zool. cold-blooded, poikilothermic, poi-kilothermal, heterothermic, heterothermal. soğukkanlılık (./...) cool-headedness, imperturbability, imperturbableness. soğuklama prov., path. 1. catching cold. 2. cold, common cold, soğuklamak prov., path, to catch cold, soğuklaşma 1. getting cold, cooling down. 2.
   beginning to behave coldly, soğuklaşmak 1. to get cold, cool down. 2. to begin to behave coldly, soğukluk 1. cold, coldness. 2. chilly manner, cold way of behaving. 3. chill (in relations between people). 4. cool room in a Turkish bath, tepidarium. 5. cold dessert; fruit. 6.
   (sexual) frigidity, soğuktaş (./.) cryolite, soğulcan prov., zool. earthworm, soğulma prov. 1. shrinking (of an animal’s breasts) (when lactation ends). 2. going dry, drying up.
soğulmak prov. 1. (for an animal’s breasts) to shrink (when lactation ends). 2. to go dry, dry up.
soğuma 1. getting cold; cooling. 2. /dan/ losing one’s love/desire/enthusiasm for; ceasing to care for, going off (s.o./s.t.). soğumak 1. to get cold; to cool. 2. /dan/ to lose one’s love/desire/enthusiasm for; to cease to care for, go off (s.o./s.t.). soğurgan absorbent, soğurma /ı/ absorbing, absorption, soğurmak /ı/ to absorb, soğurucu 1. absorber. 2. absorbent, soğuşma (of soil) absorbing enough water to be easily worked, soğuşmak (for soil) to absorb enough water to be easily worked, soğutkan 1. cooling, refrigerative, refrigeratory.
    2. cooler.
                                soğutma 1. /ı/ cooling, refrigeration. 2. /i, dan/ causing (s.o.) to lose his/her love/desire/en-thusiasm for, putting (s.o.) off (s.o./s.t.). soğutmaç 1. cooler. 2. radiator (of an automobile).
                                                               soğutmak 1. /i/ to cool, refrigerate. 2. /i, dan/ to cause (s.o.) to lose his/her love/desire/en-thusiasm for, put (s.o.) off (s.o./s.t.). soğutucu 1. refrigerator. 2. cooling, refrigerative, refrigeratory, soğutulma 1. being cooled, being refrigerated.
   2.     /dan/ being put off (s.o./s.t.). soğutulmak 1. to be cooled, be refrigerated. 2.
   /dan/ to be put off (s.o./s.t.). sohbet, -ti conversation, chat, talk. — etmek to chat, talk.
Sok. (abbr. for Sokak, Sokağı) St. (Street), sokak street. — ağzı place where a side street joins a main road, junction, —a atmak l\l
    1. to throw (s.t.) into the street. 2. to turn (s.o.) out into the street. 3. colloq. to spend (money) extravagantly, throw (money) away, —a atsan .... colloq. If you sell it at a giveaway price .../If you give it away .... — başı beginning of a street (where it joins another road), —a çıkmak to go out (for a walk, to do shopping, etc.). — çocuğu homeless child; street Arab, gamin, urchin, —a dökmek /ı/ colloq. 1. to spend (money) extravagantly, throw (money) away. 2. to make (an issue) a cause of public demonstrations, —a dökülmek colloq. to rush out into the street, —a düşmek colloq. 1. (for a woman) to become a streetwalker/a prostitute. 2. to become very common and cheap. — kadını colloq. streetwalker, hooker. — ta kalmak colloq. 1. to be left homeless, be left without a place to lay one’s head. 2. to be locked out of one’s
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   house, be unable to get into one’s house. — kapısı street door (of a house). — kızı colloq., see sokak kadını. — süpürgesi colloq. woman who’s always gadding about (instead of keeping the home fires burning), —a uğramak colloq. to rush out into the street, ’soket, -ti elec. socket.
 2soket, -ti (woman’s/child’s) short sock, anklet, ankle sock. — çorap see 2soket. sokma 1. /ı, a/ inserting in, thrusting in, shoving in, sticking in, putting in. 2. /i, a/ letting (s.o./ s.t.) in, admitting (s.o./s.t.) to (a place), allowing (s.o./s.t.) to enter. 3. /i, a/ smuggling (s.o./s.t.) into. 4. h! stinging/biting (of an insect); biting (of a snake). — akıl, sekiz adım gider, proverb A person who lacks native intelligence won’t be very successful, even if he/she has good advisors to help him/her. sokmak 1. /i, a/ to insert in, thrust in, shove in, stick in, put in. 2. /i, a/ to let (s.o./s.t.) in, admit (s.o./s.t.) to (a place), allow (s.o./s.t.) to enter. 3. /i, a/ to smuggle (s.o./s.t.) into.
   4.     Ill (for an insect) to sting/bite; (for a snake) to bite, sokman prov. a high boot, sokra naut. butt seam between the ends of two planks.
 Sokrat, -t’i Socrates.
 sokturma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.t.) inserted/thrust/ put in (a place). 2. allowing (s.o.) to enter (a place); allowing (s.t.) to be put in (a place).
   3.     having (s.t.) smuggled into (a place), sokturmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.t.) inserted/thrust/ put in (a place). 2. to allow (s.o.) to enter (a place); to allow (s.t.) to be put in (a place).
   3.     to have (s.t.) smuggled into (a place), soku prov. stone mortar (in which grain is pounded).
sokulgan sociable, companionable, friendly, sokulganlık sociability, companionableness, companionability, friendliness, sokulma /a/ 1. being inserted in, being thrust in, being put in. 2. being let into (a place).
   3.     being smuggled into (a place). 4. slipping/ squeezing into; working one’s way into; insinuating o.s. into. 5. drawing near to. sokulmak /a/ 1. to be inserted in, be thrust in, be put in. 2. to be let into (a place). 3. to be smuggled into (a place). 4. (for s.o.) to slip/ squeeze into; to work one’s way into; to insinuate o.s. into. 5. to draw near to. sokum 1. colloq. bite, morsel. 2. butchery rump (a cut of meat), sokur 1. archaic, zool. mole. 2. prov. blind in one eye. 3. prov. blind/sunken (eye), sokuşma /a/ squeezing into (a narrow place);
   working one’s way into, sokuşmak /a/ to squeeze into (a narrow place);
   to work one’s way into, sokuşturma /ı, a/ 1. squeezing (s.t./s.o.) into (a narrow space). 2. (of a merchant) slipping (bad goods) in with (the good), sokuşturmak /ı, a/ 1. to squeeze (s.t./s.o.) into
    (a narrow space). 2. (for a merchant) to slip (bad goods) in with (the good).
’sol 1. left, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is on the left -hand side, sinister. 2. left, the left-hand side.
    3. pol. leftist, left-wing. 4. pol. the left. — eğilimli pol. inclined to the left, leftish. —a kaymak to move toward a left-wing position, shift towards the left. — kolda on the left, on the left-hand side. — savunucu soccer left fullback, left back, —da sıfır colloq. 1. utterly worthless, of no consequence whatsoever. 2. utterly worthless thing; a nonentity.
    —  tarafından kalkmak colloq. to get out of bed on the wrong side. — yapmak auto. to turn the steering wheel to the left.
2sol, -lü mus. 1. G. 2. sol. solaçık (/..) soccer left wing (a player), solak 1. left-handed. 2. Ott. hist, guardsman in attendance on the sultan in processions, solaklık left-handedness, solanahtan, -m (/....) mus. treble clef, solaryum solarium.
solbek, -ki (/.) soccer left fullback, left back, solcu pol. 1. leftist, left-wing. 2. leftist, left -winger, Brit, lefty, solculuk pol. leftism, soldurma hi fading, causing (s.t.) to fade, soldurmak 111 to fade, cause (s.t.) to fade, solenoit solenoid, solfatar geol. solfatara. solfej mus. solfege.
solgun 1. pale; faded. 2. wilted (flowers), solgunluk paleness; fadedness, solhaf (/.) soccer left halfback, soliç, -çi (/.) soccer left inner, solidarist, -ti sociol. 1. (a) solidarist. 2. solida-ristic.
solidarizm sociol. solidarism. solipsizm phil. solipsism, solist, -ti soloist.
sollama 111 1. (of a driver) passing (a vehicle) on its left side. 2. steering (one’s vehicle) to the left.
sollamak 111 1. (for a driver) to pass (a vehicle) on its left side. 2. to steer (one’s vehicle) to the left.
solma 1. getting pale; fading. 2. wilting (of flowers).
solmak 1. to get pale; to fade. 2. (for flowers) to wilt, solmaz colorfast (cloth), solo (/.) solo.
Solomon Adaları, -m the Solomon Islands, solucan zool. 1. earthworm, Lumbricus terres-tris. 2. ascarid, roundworm, Ascaris lumbri-coides. — düşürücü med. 1. (a) vermifuge, (an) anthelmintic. 2. vermifuge, vermifugal, anthelmintic (agent/drug). — gibi colloq. pale and thin. — sayrılığı path, ascariasis. solucanbilim (../..) helminthology, solucanotu, -nu (../..) bot. tansy, Tanacetum vulgare.
soluğan 1. prov. wheezy, wheezing (animal). 2.
‘soluk
776
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    naut. swell (of the sea;.
’soluk pale; faded.
2soluk breath. — aldırmamak /a/ colloq. not to give (s.o.) time to catch his/her breath, to work (s.o.) very hard. —• alma physiol, inhalation, inspiration. — almak 1. physiol, to breathe; to inhale. 2. colloq. to take a breather, rest. —u (bir yerde) almak colloq. to find o.s. in (a place) in no time flat; to reach (a place) in no time flat. — borusu anat. windpipe, trachea. — borusu açımı surg. tracheotomy. — darlığı 1. shortness of breath.
    2. path, dyspnea. — durması apnea, —u kesilmek 1. to get out of breath. 2. colloq. to lose one’s energy/inspiration; to become burned out, lose one’s vital sparks. — soluğa
    1.    panting for breath, out of breath. 2. in agitated haste. — verme physiol, exhalation, expiration. — vermek physiol, to exhale, soluklanma taking a breather, resting., soluklanmak to take a breather, rest, soluksuzluk apnea, soluma breathing heavily, panting, solumak to breathe heavily, pant, solungaç zool. gill. — yarığı gill slit, gill cleft, branchial cleft, solunma breathing, solunmak to breathe.
solunum respiration. — aygıtı respiratory system. — dalcığı anat. bronchiole. — dalcığı yangısı path, bronchiolitis. — dah anat. ' bronchus. — dalı genişlenimi path, bronchiectasis. — dalı ışmçekimi bronchography. — dalı yangısı path, bronchitis. — dallarını genişletici bronchodilator. — dalları gözgü-lemi bronchoscopy. — jimnastiği breathing exercises. — katsayısı respiratory quotient.
    —  pigmenti respiratory pigment. — sistemi see solunum aygıtı.
solutma hi making (s.o.) pant for breath, solutmak hi to make (s.o.) pant for breath, solüsyon 1. chem. solution. 2. solution (to a problem).
’som 1. solid, not hollow. 2. pure, unalloyed. 2som the part of a dock located above water. 3som zool. salmon, Salmo salar.
’soma (/.)• raki that has not been flavored with aniseed.
2soma (/.) biol. soma, the whole of any organism except its germ cells.
’somak 1. bot. sumac, Rhus. 2. ground sumac seed (used as a spice).
2somak prov. muzzle (of a dog/a fox/a wolf), somaki porphyry.
Somali (./.) 1. Somali. 2. Somalian, Somalia, of Somalia.
Somalili (./..) 1. (a) Somalian. 2. Somalian (person).
somata (./.) a'sweet, syrupy food made with almonds.
somatik biol. somatic. — hücre somatic cell.
    —     mutasyon somatic mutation, sombalığı, -ni (.%..) zool., see 3som.
somon zool., see 3som.
somruk prov. 1. pacifier. 2. sugar-tit, sugar-teat. ’somun loaf (of bread). — pehlivanı colloq. person with a big build who is flabby and out of shape.
2somun nut (to a bolt), somurdanma prov. grumbling to o.s. somurdanmak prov. to grumble to o.s. somurtkan sulky, inclined to sulk/pout, somurtkanlık sulkiness, somurtma sulking; pouting, somurtmak to sulk; to pout, somurtuk sulky.
                                somut, -tu concrete (as opposed to abstract). somutlama hi concretizing, making (s.t.) concrete, giving a concrete example of (s.t.), concretization. somutlamak hi to concretize, make (s.t.) concrete, give a concrete example of (s.t.). somutlaşma concretion, becoming concrete, somutlaşmak to concretize, become concrete, somutlaştırma hi concretizing, making (s.t.) concrete, giving a concrete example of (s.t.), concretization. somutlaştırmak hi to concretize, make (s.t.)
    concrete, give a concrete example of (s.t.). somutluk concreteness, somya (/.) 1. a simple bedstead made of a mesh of pliable metal slats attached to a metal frame. 2. bedsprings; box springs. 3. wind-chest (of an organ). 4. pin block, wrest plank (of a piano), son 1. end, conclusion, termination. 2. last; final; the most recent. 3. anat. afterbirth; placenta. 4. lastly, last, at the end, after all the others, —unda finally, in the end. —dan bir evvelki penultimate. — bulmak to end, come to an end. — defa 1. last time. 2. for the last time. — derece exceedingly, extremely. —unu düşünmek Iml to consider how (s.t.) may end. —a erdirmek hi to conclude, complete, —a ermek to end, come to an end. — unu getirmek Iml to bring (s.t.) to a successful conclusion. — gürlüğü colloq. ease and comfort attained in one’s old age. —a kalan dona kalır, proverb A slowpoke gets left out in the cold./Slothful people lose out. — kez see son defa. — kozunu oynamak colloq. to play one’s last card, make use of one’s last advantage. — nefesini vermek to breathe one’s last breath. — pişmanlık fayda vermez/etmez. proverb Regret is futile. — posta colloq. 1. the last time. 2. for the last time. — söz the last word, the final decision. — tahlilde in the final analysis. — turfanda the last of the season (refers to a particular vegetablelfruit). — uyarı ultimatum. — vermek /a/ to bring (s.t.) to an end; to put an end to (s.t.). sonar naut. sonar, sonat, -ti mus. sonata, sonbahar (/..) fall, autumn, sonda 1. naut. sounding line, lead line; depth
sondaj
777
‘sorma
    sounder. 2. drill, drilling machine (as used in drilling for oil). 3. surgeon’s probe/sound.
    4. catheter.
sondaj 1. naut. sounding. 2. drilling (as for oil).
    3.    sounding (s.o.) out. — yapmak 1. naut. to sound, fathom. 2. to drill, bore. 3. to sound someone out (on a matter), sondajcı 1. naut. sounder, leadsman. 2. driller, sondalama /ı/ 1. naut. sounding, fathoming. 2. drilling a hole in (the ground). 3. med. probing, sticking a probe into. 4. catheterizing, catheterization, putting a catheter into, sondalamak hi 1. naut. to sound, fathom. 2. to drill a hole in (the ground). 3. med. to probe, stick a probe into. 4. to catheterize, put a catheter into, sondeyiş (/..) epilog, Brit, epilogue, sone lit. sonnet, sonek, -ki (/.) gram, suffix, sonkânun (/—.) obs. January, sonlama sports final match, decisive match, sonlu math, finite.
sonra (/.) 1. later, afterwards, then. 2. /dan/ after: ondan sonra after that. 3; otherwise, or else. 4. what follows, the rest: İşin sonrası kolay. The rest of the job’s easy. 5. a later time: Bunu sonraya bırakmalı. This ought to be left for a later time. — ya atmak/bırakmak hi to postpone, put off. — smı/—yı düşünmek to think of what will happen later, —sı sağlık, colloq. 1. That’s all!/That’s the long and short of it! 2. Never mind!/Forget it!
sonradan (/..) subsequently, later. — gelen devlet devlet değildir, proverb Wealth which is acquired only after one has become old is no great boon since an old person is usually unable to get about and do things. — görme colloq. 1. (s.o.) who is a nouveau riche. 2. (a) nouveau riche, (a) parvenu, sonraki, -ni (/..) subsequent, following, sonraları (/...) afterwards, later on. sonrasız (/..) eternal, endless, sonrasızlık (/...) eternity, sonsal log. a posteriori, inductive, sonses (/.) phon. final phoneme. — düşmesi apocope.
sonsuz 1. endless, eternal. 2. infinite, —a değin/ dek/kadar eternally. — vida mech. worm screw.
sonsuzküçük (./..) math, infinitesimal. —ler hesabı infinitesimal calculus, sonsuzlaşma becoming eternal, sonsuzlaşmak to become eternal, sonsuzluk 1. infinity. 2. eternity, sonteşrin (.'..) obs. November, sonuç 1. result, outcome, conclusion. 2. log. conclusion. — alınmak 1. (for s.t.) to be completed: İşin sonucu alındı. The job’s been completed. 2. to get a favorable result: Konuşmalardan bir sonuç alınamadı. Nothing resulted from the talks. — almak to get/obtain a result.
sonuçlama hi 1. bringing (s.t.) to an end, concluding. 2. resulting in, bringing about, sonuçlamak hi 1. to bring (s.t.) to an end, conclude. 2. to result in, bring about, sonuçlandırma hi bringing (s.t.) to a conclusion, concluding, sonuçlandırmak hi to bring (s.t.) to a conclusion, conclude, sonuçlanma 1. coming to a conclusion, being concluded. 2. /la/ resulting in. sonuçlanmak 1. to come to a conclusion, be concluded. 2. /la/ to result in. sonuncu (./.) last, final; latter, sonurgu logical consequence, sonurtu log. consequent, sonuşmaz geom. asymptote, sop, -pu clan.
sopa 1. thick stick, club, cudgel. 2. colloq. (a) beating, (a) clubbing. — atmak/çekmek /a/ colloq. to give (s.o.) a beating. — düşkünü colloq. (s.o.) who deserves a beating. — yemek colloq. to get a beating, get a thrashing, sopaçekirgesi, -ni (./....) zool. stick insect, walking stick, Phasmatidae. sopalama hi colloq. giving (s.o.) a beating, giving (s.o.) a thrashing, sopalamak III colloq. to give (s.o.) a beating, give (s.o.) a thrashing, soprano (.—'.) mus. 1. soprano (voice). 2. (a) soprano, sopsoğuk (/..) very cold, sorak archaic curiosity, sorakçı archaic curious; inquisitive; prying, sordurma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) ask about (s.o./ s.t.), having (s.o.) inquire about (s.o./s.t.). sordurmak /i, a/ to have (s.o.) ask about (s.o.I s.t.), have (s.o.) inquire about (s.o./s.t.). sorgu interrogation, grilling, cross-examination.
    —ya çekmek hi to interrogate, grill, cross -examine. — hâkimi law, see sorgu yargıcı.
    —     sual interrogation, grilling, cross-exam-ination. — yargıcı law examining magistrate, sorguç 1. zool. crest, tuft (on the head of a bird).
    2.    Ott. hist, plumed ornament (attached to the turban of a sultan or high official), sorguçlu 1. zool. (bird) which has a crest, crested, tufted. 2. Ott. hist, (turban) which has a plumed ornament attached to it. sorgulama hi interrogating, interrogation, grilling, cross-examining, sorgulamak hi to interrogate, grill, cross-examine.
sorgulanma being interrogated, being grilled, being cross-examined, sorgulanmak to be interrogated, be grilled, be cross-examined, sorgun prov. 1. osier, wicker. 2. bot. basket osier, Salix purpurea/Salix viminalis. sorit, -ti log. sorites, sorkun prov., see sorgun.
’sorma 1. hi asking (s.t.); /i, a/ asking (s.o.) (s.t.). 2. hi asking about, inquiring about (s.o./ s.t.); asking after (s.o.), asking how (s.o.) is.
2sorma
778
soyadı
   3. /ı/ looking for, wanting to see (s.o.). 4. /i, dan/ asking (s.o.) to account for.
2sorma /i/ prov. sucking; slurping, sormaca opinion poll, poll.
’sormak 1. /ı/ to ask (s.t.); /i, a/ to ask (s.o.) (s.t.): Bu soruyu öğretmene soracağım. I’ll ask the teacher this question. 2. /i/ to ask about, inquire about (s.o./s.t.); to ask after (s.o.), ask how (s.o.) is. 3. /i/ to look for, want to see (s.o.). 4. /i, dan/ to ask (s.o.) to account for: Bunu benden sorarlar. They’ll ask me to account for this. Sorma!/Sorma-ym! colloq. 1. Words fail me!/It’s too much for words!/It’s beyond description. 2. Don’t get me started!/Don’t set me off!/Don’t start me talking about it! Sormak ayıp olmasın .... colloq. Excuse me for asking, but...? Sorma gitsin! colloq., see Sorma!/Sormaym! Sorma kişinin aslını, sohbetinden bellidir. proverb If you want to learn about a person’s background, you don’t need to ask him/ her about it directly; just listen to the way he/she talks. Sora sora Bağdat/Kâbe bulunur. proverb You can find any place you want to go to, no matter how remote it may be, simply by asking for directions. 2sormak /i/ prov. to suck; to slurp, sorti 1. elec. outlet. 2. mil. sortie, soru question. — imi/işareti question mark. — zamiri gram, interrogative pronoun, sorulma 1. /a/ being asked. 2. /dan/ being asked «to account for. sorulmak 1. /a/ to be asked: Öğrencilere sorulan sorular epey zordu. The questions the students were asked were rather difficult. 2. /dan/ to be asked to account for: Bunun hesabı bir gün onlardan sorulacak. They will be asked to account for this one day. sorum responsibility, sorumak /ı/ prov., see 2sormak. sorumlu /dan/ responsible (for), held accountable (for), sorumluluk responsibility, sorumsuz irresponsible, sorumsuzluk irresponsibility, sorun problem, question, matter; issue, point under consideration, sorunca law suit, lawsuit; action. — açmak to file suit (against), soruncaci law plaintiff, claimant, soruncali law 1. defendant. 2. in dispute, contested. 3. engaged in a lawsuit, sorunlu problematic, problem, sorunsal problematic, problematical, sorunsuz free of problems.
’soruşma prov. 1. drying up (of the water in a stream, pond, etc.). 2. (of laundry) beginning to dry.
2soruşma questioning each other.
’soruşmak prov. 1. (for the water in a stream, pond, etc.) to dry up. 2. (for laundry) to begin to dry.
2soruşmak to question each other.
soruşturma 1. /ı/ investigating, inquiring into. 2. law investigation. 3. questionnaire. — açmak law to open an investigation, soruşturmak III to investigate, inquire into, sorutkan prov., see somurtkan, sorutma prov., see somurtma, sorutmak prov., see somurtmak.
SOS SOS (distress signal), sos sauce; gravy.
sosis 1. frankfurter, wiener, hot dog. 2. sausage (stuffed in a casing), wurst; link sausage, sosluk sauceboat; gravy boat, sosyal, -li social. — adalet social justice. — antropoloji social anthropology. — demokrasi social democracy. — demokrat 1. social democrat. 2. social democratic. — hizmet social service. — ilimler the social sciences.
   —   konutlar public housing, government housing (for the poor). — psikoloji social psychology. — sigorta social security; social insurance.
sosyalist, -ti 1. (a) socialist. 2. socialist, sosyalizasyon pol., psych., sociol. socialization, sosyalizm socialism.
sosyalleşme psych., sociol. becoming socialized, sosyalleşmek psych., sociol. to become socialized.
                              sosyalleştirme pol., psych., sociol. socialization, sosyalleştirmek /ı/ 1. pol. to socialize, nationalize. 2. psych., sociol. to socialize (s.o.). sosyete 1. society, fashionable society, the smart set. 2. sociol. (a) society, sosyetik society, of fashionable society.
sosyoekonomik (/........) socioeconomic.
sosyokültürel (/....) sociocultural.
sosyolengüistik (/.....) sociolinguistics.
sosyolog sociologist.
sosyoloji sociology.
sosyolojik sociological, sociologic.
sote 1. saute, sauteed: ciğer sote sauteed liver.
   2. (a) saute.
Sovyet, -ti hist. Soviet, of Soviet Russia, —ler Birliği hist, the Soviet Union. — Sosyalist Cumhuriyetleri Birliği hist, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, soy 1. race. 2. line, lineage, family, people descended from a common ancestor. 3. sort, kind; species. 4. (person/animal) of good stock, highbred. — asma, soyuna çeker. proverb What’s bred in the bone will come out in the flesh./Breeding will out. —u bozuk colloq. (person) who comes from bad stock. — dur çeker, (boktur kokar), proverb A person resembles his/her ancestors for good or bad. —a çekmek to show the traits of one’s family. — sop family, relations; line, soya (/.) bot. soybean, soya bean, soya, soja, soy, Glycine max. — fasulyesi soybean, soya bean. — sosu soy sauce, soya sauce, soy.
   —   unu soya flour. — yağı soybean oil, soya-bean oil, soy oil.
soyaçekim (./..) heredity.
soyadı, -ni (/..) family name, surname.
 soyağacı                                            779
soyağacı, -m (/...) family tree, genealogical tree, soyaktaran (/...) biol. chromosome, soybilim (/..) genealogy, the science/study of family descent, soycak (.'.) as a family: Onlar soycak sanatçıdır. A bent for art is something that runs in that family, soydaş 1. (s.o.) of the same line/race as another; (plant/animal) of the same strain as another. 2. someone of the same line/race as another; plant/animal of the same strain as another.
soydaşlık being of the same line/race/strain as another.
soydeğişim (/...) biol. mutation, soydurma /i, a/ 1. having (s.o.) peel (a vegetable/a fruit). 2. having (s.o.) skin (an animal). 3. having (one person) undress (another); allowing (one person) to undress (another). 4. having (one person) rob (another), soydurmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) peel (a vegetable/a fruit). 2. to have (s.o.) skin (an animal). 3. to have (one person) undress (another); to allow (one person) to undress (another). 4. to have (one person) rob (another), soyga zool. European jay, Garrulus glandarius. soygun 1. highway robbery; robbery; holdup, stickup. 2. ill-gotten gain, gravy, soyguncu 1. highway robber; robber. 2. (s.o.)
    who engages in highway robbery, soygunculuk highway robbery; robbery, robbing.
soyka prov. 1. clothes removed from a corpse.
    2. clothes, clothing. 3. (a) possession which doesn’t bring one good luck. 4. (a possession) which doesn’t bring one good luck, soykırım see soykırımı, soykırımı, -m (/...) genocide, soylu 1. of a good family; noble, highborn. 2. honored; noble, patrician. — soplu (s.o.) who comes from a good family, who comes from one of the leading families, soyluerki, -ni (./..) aristocracy, soyluluk nobility.
soyma 111 1. peeling (a vegetable/a fruit). 2. skinning (an animal). 3. undressing. 4. robbing, stripping (s.o./a place) of valuables, soymak /ı/ 1. to peel (a vegetable/a fruit). 2. to skin (an animal). 3. to undress. 4. to rob, strip (s.o./a place) of valuables, soyup soğana çevirmek hi colloq. to rob (s.o.) of everything he’s/she’s got; to rob (s.o.) blind; to clean (a place) out. soymantı prov. 1. any vegetable/fruit that is peeled before it is eaten. 2. peel, peeling (removed from a vegetable/a fruit). 3. cudgel (made of a thick stick stripped of bark), soymuk prov. edible inner bark of the pine tree, soyoluş (/..) biol. phylogeny. soysal of a good family; noble, highborn, soyserim phenotype.
soysuz 1. (person) who comes from bad stock.
    2. base, unprincipled (person). 3. degenerate.
                                                                                                    sökme
soysuzlaşma degeneration, soysuzlaşmak to degenerate, soysuzlaştırma hi degenerating, causing to degenerate.
 soysuzlaştırmak hi to degenerate, cause to degenerate.
soysuzluk 1. baseness, unprincipledness; base action. 2. degeneracy, degenerateness, soytarı 1. clown, buffoon. 2. fawning, untrustworthy person, soytarılık 1. clowning, buffoonery. 2. fawning, insincere behavior, soyulma 1. being peeled. 2. (of an animal) being skinned. 3. being robbed, being stripped of valuables.
 soyulmak 1. to be peeled. 2. (for an animal) to be skinned. 3. to be robbed, be stripped of valuables.
 soyunma undressing (o.s.), taking off one’s clothes, stripping. — göstericisi stripteaser.
    —  gösterisi striptease.
 soyunmak to undress (o.s.), take off one’s clothes, strip, soyunup dökünmek colloq. to change into comfortable, informal clothes, soyuntu 1. peel/peeling/rind/bark/husk/hull (which has been removed from s.t.). 2. stolen (thing).
soyut, -tu abstract (as opposed to concrete).
   —      ad abstract noun. — sayı abstract number, soyutçu 1. (an) abstractionist. 2. abstractionist,
   showing tendencies toward abstractionism, soyutçuluk abstractionism, soyutlama 1. hi abstracting, considering (s.t.)
   abstractly. 2. abstraction, soyutlamak hi to abstract, consider (s.t.) abstractly.
soyutlaşma becoming abstract, soyutlaşmak to become abstract, soyutluk abstractness, soyyapi (/..) biol. genotype, söbe oval (thing), söğe see söve.
söğüş 1. meat which is cooked by boiling and then served cold. 2. sliced and uncooked (tomatoes, cucumbers, etc.) served without any sauce/dressing: söğüş domates sliced tomatoes, söğüşleme hi slang, see sövüşleme. söğüşlemek 111 slang, see sövüşlemek. söğüşlenme slang, see sövüşlenme. söğüşlenmek slang, see sövüşlenmek. söğüt bot. willow, Salix. — yaprağı 1. willow leaf. 2. stiletto, söğütgiller bot. Salicaceae. söğütlük place full of willows; willow grove, söğütserçesi, -ni (./...) zool., see bataklik-serçesi.
 sökel prov. 1. disabled, crippled. 2. sickly, puny, sökme 1. Ill pulling up; uprooting; pulling out; ripping out; taking out; taking down. 2. Ill dismantling, taking apart; ripping, undoing, unstitching; unraveling. 3. Ill getting through/ over (a place difficult of passage). 4 111 read-
 sökmek                                           780
   ing, deciphering (handwriting); understanding, getting the meaning of (an abstruse passage). 5. Ill learning to read (an alphabet); learning (to read). 6. hi (of a drug) causing (mucus/urine/feces) to be discharged. 7. (of mucus/urine/feces) beginning to be discharged. 8. beginning to come one after the other. 9. appearing suddenly, sökmek 1. hi to pull up; to uproot; to pull out; to rip out; to take out; to take down. 2. hi to dismantle, take apart; to rip, undo, unstitch; to unravel. 3. hi to get through/over (a place difficult of passage). 4 hi to read, decipher (handwriting); to understand, get the meaning of (an abstruse passage). 5. hi to learn to read (an alphabet); to learn (to read). 6. hi (for a drug) to cause (mucus/urine/feces) to be discharged. 7. (for mucus/urine/feces) to begin to be discharged. 8. to begin to come one after the other. 9. to appear suddenly.
   10. /a/ slang to make a dent on (s.o.), affect (s.o.): Cakan bana sökmez! Your big talk doesn’t cut any ice with me! söktürme 1. h, 2d having (s.o.) pull up/uproot/ pull out/rip out/dismantle/unstitch/unravel (s.t.). 2. (of a drug) causing (mucus/urine/ feces) to be discharged, söktürmek 1. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) pull up/uproot/ pull out/rip out/dismantle/unstitch/unravel (s.t.). 2. (for a drug) to cause (mucus/urine/ feces) to be discharged, söktürücü 1. expectorant (agent). 2. (an) expectorant.
sökük 1. (garment) a seam of which has ripped open or been ripped open; (garment) a portion of which has raveled or been unraveled.
   2. rip in a seam; raveled place; dropped stitch.
sökülme 1. being pulled up; being uprooted; being pulled out; being ripped out; being taken out/down. 2. being dismantled, being taken apart; being ripped/undone/unstitched; being unraveled. 3. (a garment’s) splitting at a seam, ripping. 4. Ill slang shelling out (money); handing over (s.t. valuable), sökülmek 1. to be pulled up; to be uprooted; to be pulled out; to be ripped out; to be taken out/down. 2. to be dismantled, be taken apart; to be ripped/undone/unstitched; to be unraveled. 3. (for a garment) to split at a seam, rip. 4. hi slang to shell out (money); to hand over (s.t. valuable), söküm dismantling.
sökün used in: — etmek 1. to come one after the other. 2. to appear suddenly, söküntü rip in a seam; raveled place, söküotu, -nu (./..) bot. bird’s foot, Ornithopus. solom coelom, sölomlular zool. Coelomata. sölomsuzlar zool. Acoelomata. sölpük prov. (s.t.) which hangs down in flabby folds.
sölpüme prov. hanging down in flabby folds.
                                                                                                   sönme
sölpümek prov. to hang down in flabby folds, sömestr semester, sömikok, -ku semicoke, sömürge colony (of an imperialist power), sömürgeci 1. colonialist, colonialistic. 2. (a) colonialist, advocate of colonialism, sömürgecilik colonialism, sömürgeleşme turning into a colony, becoming a colony.
sömürgeleşmek to turn into a colony, become a colony.
sömürgeleştirme hi turning (a place) into a colony, making a colony of. sömürgeleştirmek hi to turn (a place) into a colony, make a colony of. sömürgelik being a colony, sömürgen see sömürücü, sömürgenlik see sömürücülük, sömürme hi 1. exploiting, exploitation, using (s.oVs.t.) wrongfully for one’s own ends. 2. sucking up (a liquid). 3. eating up (everything in sight). 4. sucking all the nourishment from.
sömürmek hi 1. to exploit, use (s.o./s.t.) wrongfully for one’s own ends. 2. to suck (a liquid) (into one’s mouth). 3. to eat up (everything in sight). 4. to suck all the nourishment from.
sömürü exploitation. — işbirlikçisi comprador, local agent of an exploitative foreign business.
sömürücü 1. (an) exploiter. 2. exploitative, sömürücülük being an exploiter, exploitation, sömürülme 1. exploitation, being exploited. 2. (of a liquid) being sucked (into one’s mouth).
   3.    (of everything in sight) being eaten up. 4. (of all the nourishment) being sucked from, sömürülmek 1. to be exploited. 2. (for a liquid) to be sucked (into one’s mouth). 3. (for everything in sight) to be eaten up. 4. (for all the nourishment) to be sucked from, söndürme hi 1. extinguishing, putting out (fire/ light). 2. deflating, taking the air out of. 3. diminishing, reducing (passion/fever). 4. drowning out (a sound), söndürmek hi 1. to extinguish, put out (fire/ light). 2. to deflate, take the air out of. 3. to diminish, reduce (passion/fever). 4. to drown out (a sound), söndürücü 1. fire extinguisher. 2. extinguishing (agent).
söndürülme 1. (of fire/light) being extinguished, being put out. 2. being deflated, söndürülmek 1. (for fire/light) to be extinguished, be put out. 2. to be deflated, for the air to be taken out of. sönme 1. (a fire’s) dying down or going out; (a light’s) fading or going out. 2. (a tire’s) going flat; (a balloon’s) losing air and collapsing.
   3. dying down, diminishing (of a passion/ anger). 4. losing its luster, losing its attractiveness; losing one’s vitality; going into a decline. 5. disappearing, disappearance; com-
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   ing to an end. 6. (a sound’s) growing faint, sönmek 1. (for a fire) to die down or go out; (for a light) to fade or go out. 2. (for a tire) to go flat; (for a balloon) to lose air and collapse. 3. (for a passion/anger) to die down, diminish. A. to lose its luster, lose its attractiveness; to lose one’s vitality; to go into a decline. 5. to disappear; to come to an end.
     6.    (for a sound) to grow faint, sönük 1. extinguished (fire/light). 2. deflated (balloon); flat (tire). 3. weak, dim, faint. 4. undistinguished, dull, stale, uninspired; lusterless; lifeless. 5. inactive (volcano), sönüklük 1. weakness, dimness, faintness. 2.
     dullness, staleness; lackluster; lifelessness, sönüm 1. damping (of an oscillation). 2. fin.
     amortization, sönümleme h/ 1. damping (an oscillation). 2. fin. amortizing, amortization.
. sönümlemek hi 1. to damp (an oscillation). 2. fin. to amortize, sönümlü (oscillation) which has been damped, sönümsüz undamped, continuous (oscillation), sör sister (in a religious order), sörf sports 1. surfing, surfboarding. 2. surfboard, sövdürme /ı, a/ causing/allowing (s.o.) to swear at.
  sövdürmek /ı, a/ to cause/allow (s.o.) to swear at.
  söve 1. doorjamb, doorpost; door frame; window frame. 2. one of four posts each of which is set in the corners on the topside of a wagon bed.
  söven prov. 1. big stick. 2. stick used for making fences.
  sövgü swearword, cuss word, oath, sövme /a/ cursing, swearing (at), sövmek /a/ to curse, swear (at), sövüp saymak /a/ colloq. to swear a blue streak (at), vituperate, sövülme being sworn at. sövülmek to be sworn at. sövüntü 1. swearing, cursing, profanity. 2.
     swearword, cussword, oath, sövüşleme hi slang swindling, sövüşlemek h/ slang to swindle, sövüşlenme slang being swindled, sövüşlenmek slang to be swindled, sövüşme swearing at each other, sövüşmek to swear at each other, sövüştürme hi causing/letting (people) swear at each other.
  sövüştürmek h/ to cause/let (people) swear at each other.
  söylem 1. pronunciation. 2. diction. 3. expression, wording, söyleme 1. hi saying, uttering (s.t.); /i, a/ saying (s.t.) to (s.o.), telling (s.o.) (s.t.). 2. Ill telling (s.o. to do s.t.). 3. /a/ speaking to, directing one’s words to. 4. Ill singing (a song); reciting (a poem), söylemek 1. Ill to say, utter (s.t.); h, al to say (s.t.) to (s.o.), tell (s.o.) (s.t.): Bana Aylin’in
    evde olmadığını söyledi, ama inanmadım.
    She told me that Aylin wasn’t at home, but I didn’t believe her. 2. hi to tell (s.o. to do s.t.): Akşam yemeğini hazırlamamı söyledi. She told me to fix supper. Ona söyle, oraya gitmesin. Tell her not to go there. 3. /a/ to speak to, direct one’s words to. 4. hi to sing (a song); to recite (a poem). Söyleyene bakma, söyletene bak. proverb The things a person says are sometimes inspired by God. Söyleyenden dinleyen arif gerek, proverb To understand some remarks one needs to be able to read between the lines, söylence legend, söylencebilim (../..) mythology, söylencebilimsel (../...) mythological, söylencesel legendary, söyleniş pronunciation (of a word), söylenme 1. being said/spoken/uttered. 2. being told. 3. being rumored, being bruited about.
    4.    muttering to o.s., grumbling, söylenmek 1. to be said, be spoken, be uttered. 2. to be told. 3. to be rumored, be bruited about. 4. to mutter to o.s., grumble, söylenti rumor.
söyleşi 1. chat, conversation. 2. lit. informal essay.
söyleşme 1. talking informally with each other, chatting; conversing. 2. talking something over.
                                                              söyleşmek 1. to talk informally with each other, chat; to converse. 2. to talk something over, söyletme 1. /ı, a/ making (s.o.) say (s.t.). 2. /i, a/ allowing (s.o.) to say (s.t.). 3. hi making (s.o.) talk.
söyletmek 1. /ı, a/ to make (s.o.) say (s.t.): Avni’ye yalan söylettiler. They made Avni lie. 2. /i, a/ to allow (s.o.) to say (s.t.). 3. hi to make (s.o.) talk: Şefîk’i söylettiler. They made Şefik talk, söylev speech, public address; oration, söyleyiş way of speaking; way of saying, söz 1. remark, utterance; expression; statement; word. 2. promise. 3. rumor. — ü açılmak to be brought up in conversation, be mentioned, be spoken of. — açmak /dan/ to bring (s.t.) up in conversation. — ü ağzında bırakmak /in/ colloq. not to let (s.o.) finish what he’s/ she’s saying. — ağızdan çıkar, proverb An honorable person keeps his/her word. — ağzından dirhemle çıkmak colloq. to be very taciturn, be very sparing in one’s speech.
   —ü ağzında gevelemek colloq. to talk around the subject; not to come out with what’s on one’s mind. —ü ağzına tıkamak JmJ colloq. to shut (s.o.) up. — almak 1. to begin to speak, start to talk (after receiving permission); (in a legislative assembly) to get/take/obtain the floor; to have the floor.
   2. /dan/ to get a promise out of (s.o.). — altında kalmamak colloq. to give as good as one gets (in an argument). — anlamak to understand what one is told and act on it.
söz
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 SÖZ
—   anlamaz colloq. (s.o.) who refuses to understand what’s told him/her, who won’t listen to reason. — anlayan beri gelsin, colloq. (Let anyone who understands what I am saying come forward.) None of you understand me. — aramızda .... colloq. This is just between you and me ./Let’s keep this to ourselves./Entre nous. — arasında in the course of the conversation. — e atılmak colloq. to enter a conversation suddenly, suddenly to come forth with some remarks. — atmak colloq. 1. /a/ to make a rude remark about (s.o.) within his/her hearing. 2. /a/ to make an improper innuendo/suggestion to (a woman one doesn’t know), proposition. 3. to have a chat. — ayağa düşmek colloq. for a matter to be talked about by people who have no right to do so. —ü bağlamak to conclude one’s remarks. — ünü/—ünüzü balla kestim, colloq. Excuse me for interrupting you. —ünü bil, pişir; ağzını der, devşir, proverb Think before you speak, —ünü bilmek colloq. to think before one opens one’s mouth, be careful about what one says, —ünü bilmez colloq. tactless. — bir, Allah bir. colloq. You can rely on me completely; I am a man/a woman of my word. — bir etmek colloq. to unite with others (against s.o ./s.t.). — birliği etmek (for people) to agree beforehand as to what they will say/do; to agree to tell the same story ■or act in the same way. — e boğmak /ı/ colloq. to drown (a topic) in a flood of words.
—ü çevirmek colloq. to change the subject.
—   çıkmak colloq. for a rumor to start going around, —ünden çıkmamak /m/ never to think of bucking (s.o.), never to think of going against (s.o.’s) wishes/orders. — ü çiğnemek colloq. to beat around the bush. — dağarcığı vocabulary. — dediğin yaş deridir, nereye çekersen oraya gider, proverb Words can be interpreted in various ways./ Words can mean what one wants them to mean. — ü değiştirmek colloq. to change the subject. — dinlemek colloq. to heed what one is told; to act on someone’s advice, —ünden dönmek colloq. to go back on one’s word, —ünde durmak colloq. to keep one’s word. — düşmemek /a/ colloq. 1. for there to be no need for (s.o.) to talk. 2. (for s.o.) not to get a chance to speak. — ebesi colloq. 1. (a) great talker; chatterbox. 2. someone who is quick at repartee. — ehli colloq. eloquent (person). — eri colloq. 1. eloquent (person). 2. (s.o.) who knows how to talk people into doing what he/she wants, —ünün eri colloq. man of his word; woman of her word, —ünü esirgememek colloq. to be very plainspoken, not to mince matters/ words, to call a spade a spade. — eslemek prov. to take advice. — etmek 1. /dan/ to talk about (s.o./s.t.). 2. /i/ to gossip about (s.t.). —ünü etmek Iml to talk about (s.t.)
—ü geçen the aforementioned, the aforesaid (person/thing). — geçirmek lal colloq. to make (s.o.) do what one says. — ü geçmek colloq. 1. to be influential. 2. to be mentioned, be spoken of. — gelmek lal colloq. to be the object of criticism, be criticized, —üne gelmek Iml colloq. to come round to (s.o.’s) point of view, finally to agree that (s.o.) is right, —ünü geri almak colloq. 1. to take back what one has said (apologetically). 2. to withdraw one’s promise. — getirmek lal colloq. to cause unfavorable comments to be made about. — ü (bir şeye) getirmek colloq. to say (s.t.) indirectly, say (s.t.) in so many words. — götürmez colloq. beyond doubt, indisputable. — gümüşse sükût altındır, proverb Speech is silver, but silence is golden. — güreşi colloq. polemics, disputation. — güreştirmek colloq. to indulge in polemics. — işitmek colloq. to get a dressing down. — kaldırmamak colloq. not to be able to take a joke, not to be able to take it. — de kalmak colloq. not to be carried out, not to be realized. — kavafı colloq. 1. garrulous. 2. (a) great talker; chatterbox. — kesmek /a/ (for the bride’s family) to agree to give (their daughter) in marriage.
—ü kesmek to stop speaking in mid-sen-tence. —ünü kesmek Iml to interrupt (s.o. who is speaking), —ün kısası .... colloq. in short .../the long and the short of it is that .... — konusu 1. person/thing being talked of. 2. (person/thing) being talked of, under consideration. — konusu etmek hi to discuss. — konusu olmak to be discussed.
—üm meclisten dışarı, colloq. Pardon the expression ./Excuse my French. —ü mü olur? colloq. Don’t mention it!/It’s a pleasure! (said to s.o. for whom one has done or wishes to do a favor). — olmak colloq. to be the subject of gossip. — sahibi olmak to be able to speak knowledgeably/authoritatively about something/someone; to have the right to comment on something/someone (owing to one’s knowledge of it/him/her), —ünü sakınmamak colloq., see sözünü esirgememek, —ün sırası gelmişken .... colloq. Now that the opportunity to bring this up is at hand, .... —ü söyle alana, kulağında kalana, proverb Give advice only to those who will heed your words; don’t waste your breath on the others. —üm söz .colloq. You have my word on it. — sözü açar, proverb One topic leads to another. — ü tartmak colloq. to be careful of what one says, choose one’s words carefully. — temsili colloq. for example, for instance, —ünü tutmak 1. to keep one’s word. 2. Iml to take the advice of. — ü uzatmak colloq. to take a long time explaining something. — var, iş bitirir; söz var, baş yitirir. (Söz var, dağa çıkarır; söz var, dağdan indirir.) proverb Everything depends on what one says; the right word to
sözavcılığı
783
stabilize
    the right person can profit one greatly; the wrong word to the wrong person can make one’s life hellish. — vermek /a/ to promise, give (s.o.) one’s word. — üm yabana, colloq. Pardon the expression ./Excuse my French.
    —ümü yabana atma! colloq. Don’t disregard what I say! — e yatmak colloq. to heed advice and follow it. — yazarı lyricist, one who writes the words for songs. — ü yere düşmek /ml colloq. for one’s advice to be disregarded. — yitimi aphasia. — yok! /a/ colloq. There’s nothing wrong with .... sözavcılığı, -ni (/....) demagogy, sözavcısı, -m (/...) demagogue, sözbilim (/..) rhetoric, sözbilimsel (/...) rhetorical, rhetoric, sözbirliği, -ni (/...) agreement, unanimity of thought.
 ‘sözbölükleri, -ni (/....) gram, parts of speech, sözcü 1. spokesman. 2. prov. talker, sözcük word. — hâzinesi vocabulary. — türü part of speech, sözcülük spokesmanship. sözde 1. supposedly. 2. so-called, sözdizimi, -ni (/...) gram, syntax, sözdizimsel (/...) gram, syntactic, syntactical, sözel verbal, in the form of words, expressed in words, sözgelimi (/...) see sözgelişi, sözgelişi (/...) for example, for instance, sözlendirici cin. dubber. sözlendirme cin. dubbing, sözlendirmek lit cin. to dub (a film), sözleşme 1. agreement; contract. 2. mutually promising. — tutanağı protocol, summary of the results of a negotiation, sözleşmek 1. to promise each other. 2. to agree to meet (at a certain place/time), sözleşmeli 1. done by agreement or under contract, contractual. 2. (s.o.) who is bound by a contract.
 sözlü 1. oral, verbal. 2. engaged to be married.
    3.    /a/ (s.o.) who has committed himself/herself to go to (a gathering/a place). 4. fiance; fiancee. — smav oral examination. — soru oral question, sözlük dictionary, sözlükbilim (./..) lexicology, sözlükbilimci (./...) lexicologist, sözlükbilimsel (./...) lexicological, lexicologic. sözlükçü lexicographer, sözlükçülük lexicography, sözügeçer influential, powerful, sözümona (./..) 1. supposedly. 2. so-called, spagetti (./.) spaghetti, spastik spastic, spazm spasm, spazmodik spasmodic, spektroskop, -pu spectroscope, spektroskopi spectroscopy, spekülasyon phil., com. speculation, spekülatif phil., com. speculative, spekülatör com. speculator.
sperm see sperma.
 sperma (/.) sperm. — hayvancığı biol. spermatozoon. — kanalı anat. ductus deferens, vas deferens. — kesesi anat. seminal vesicle, spermatozoit biol. spermatozoid, spermatozoon, spesifik specific, spesiyal, -li special, spesiyalist, -ti specialist, spesiyalite specialty, spiker (/.) radio, TV announcer, spikerlik (/..) radio, TV announcing, the work of an announcer, spiral, -li 1. spiral. 2. (plastic) coil (used as an intrauterine device), IUD. spiril biol. spirillum.
 spiritüalist, -ti 1. (a) spiritualist. 2. spiritualistic, spiritualist, spiritüalizm spiritualism, sponsor sponsor.
 sponsorluk sponsorship, sponsoring. — unu üstlenmek/yapmak /ml to sponsor, spontane spontaneous.
’spor 1. sport, recreation. 2. sport, sports, casual and comfortable (garment/shoe). — araba sports car. — ceket sport coat, sports jacket.
    —      gömlek sport shirt. — yazarı sports writer. 2spor biol. spore.
 sporcu 1. professional athlete; person who engages in sports. 2. sportsman, gentlemanly player. 3. (person) who engages in sports; athletic. 4. sportsmanlike, gentlemanly, sporkesesi, -ni (/...) bot. sporangium, sporlular zool. Sporozoa. sporozoit zool. sporozoite, falciform body, sporsever 1. sports fan. 2. (s.o.) who is a sports fan.
sportif 1. sports, pertaining to sports. 2. sportsmanlike, gentlemanly, sportmen 1. sportsman, gentlemanly player. 2. person who engages in sports; athlete. 3. sportsmanlike, gentlemanly. 4. (person) who engages in sports; athletic, sportoto 1. the pools, the soccer pools, Brit. the football pools (organized gambling on the results of soccer matches). 2. slang buttocks, fanny.
spot, -tu 1. spot, spotlight. 2. radio, TV spot (a brief advertisement). 3. com. spot, made/paid/ delivered at once. — fiyat com. spot price.
    —  lambası spotlight, spot lamp. — satım com. spot sale.
sprey 1. spray (ejected by a sprayer). 2. sprayer (the device).
Sr chem. Sr (strontium).
Sri Lanka 1. Sri Lanka. 2. Sri Lankan, of Sri Lanka.
Sri Lankalı 1. (a) Sri Lankan. 2. Sri Lankan (person).
                                                             SSCB hist. (abbr. for Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetleri Birliği) U.S.S.R. (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), stabilize stabilized. — yol gravel road; macadam road (not made with a bituminous
stadya
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su
   binder), stadya (/.) stadia rod. stadyum (/.) stadium, stafilokok, -ku staphylococcus, stagflasyon econ. stagflation, staj training period, apprenticeship, internship.
   —       yapmak to undergo training, do one’s apprenticeship, serve one’s internship, stajyer trainee, apprentice, intern, stajyerlik traineeship, apprenticeship, internship, stalagmit, -ti geol. stalagmite, stalaktit, -ti geol. stalactite, stand stand (at a fair/an exhibition), standardizasyon standardization, standart standard.
standartlaşma becoming standardized, standartlaşmak to become standardized, standartlaştırma /ı/ standardizing, standardization, bringing (s.t.) into conformity with a standard.
standartlaştırmak /ı/ to standardize, bring (s.t.)
   into conformity with a standard, stant see stand, star star performer, star, start, -ti sports start, stat see stadyum.
statik 1. phys. statics. 2. phys. static, pertaining to statics. 3. static, unchanging, statolit, -ti anat. otolith, stator mech. stator, statosist, -ti anat. statocyst. statü 1. status. 2. statute. 3. statue, statüko (./.) the status quo. stearik chem. stearic.. — asit stearic acid, stearin chem. stearin, stearine, sten Sten, Sten gun (a machine carbine), steno (/.) 1. shorthand, stenography. 2. steno, stenographer, stenograf steno, stenographer, stenografi shorthand, stenography, stenotip, -pi stenotype. step, -pi steppe; steppeland. stepne spare tire, ster cubic meter, stere, steradyan steradian, sterad. stereo 1. stereo, stereophonic. 2. stereo, stereophony, stereofoni stereophony, stereofonik stereophonic, stereografi stereography, stereografik stereographic, stereographical. stereoskop, -pu stereoscope, stereoskopik stereoscopic, stereoscopical. — çift stereoscopic pair, stereopair. stereo tip, -pi stereotype, stereotipi stereotypy, steril sterile.
sterilizasyon sterilization.
sterilize sterilized. — etmek III to sterilize.
sterlin sterling, pound sterling.
sterol, -lü biol. sterol.
stetoskop, -pu med. stethoscope.
steyşın station wagon, Brit, estate car/wagon.
stil 1. style. 2. (s.t.) which has style, stilist, -ti stylist, designer, stilistik stylistics, stilo (/.) fountain pen.
stoacı phil. 1. (a) Stoic. 2. Stoic, of the Stoics, stoacılık phil. Stoicism, stoik stoic, stoical.
stok, -ku stock, goods on hand. — etmek hi to accumulate a stock of. — yapmak to accumulate stock, stokçu 1. stockpiler. 2. dealer in leftover/salvaged goods, stoklama hi accumulating a stock of. stoklamak hi to accumulate a stock of. stop Stop! — etmek to stop, come to a stop, stopaj tax law stoppage at source, collection at source.
stoplazma (./.) biol., see sitoplazma. stor 1. roller blind (mounted outside a window). 2. roller shade, window shade, shade (mounted inside a window). 3. roll top (of a desk), strateji strategy, stratejik strategic, strategical, stratigrafi stratigraphy, stratosfer stratosphere, stratus (/.) stratus.
streptokok, -ku streptococcus, a coccus occurring in chains, streptomisin streptomycin, stres med. stress, striknin strychnine, striptiz (/.) striptease.
striptizci (/..) stripper, stripteaser, striptease dancer.
stronsiyum (.'..) chem. strontium, strüktüralist, -ti 1. (a) structuralist. 2. structuralist, structuralistic, strüktüralizm structuralism, strüktürel structural, stüdyo (/.) studio.
su, -yu 1. water. 2. juice. 3. sap. 4. body of water; stream; river; lake; sea. 5. broth; gravy. 6. temper (of steel). 7. embroidery running pattern. (...) —larmda colloq. about, around: saat dört sularında around four o’clock, altmış sularında about sixty years old. — akarken testiyi doldurmali. proverb (The pitcher should be filled while the water is flowing.) Strike while the iron is hot. — aktığı yere (yine) akar, proverb If things went well for you once before, they’re sure to go well for you again. — almak 1. to leak, admit water. 2. (for a boat) to leak, take in water. — yunu almak Iml to drain the water from (cooked vegetables). — arkı irrigation ditch. — balesi water ballet, —da balık satmak colloq. to make an empty promise. — baskını flood. — basmak hi for water to flood (a place). — yun başı 1. source, spring, fountain. 2. colloq. place from which one gains the greatest profits/benefits. 3. colloq. person who holds the greatest authority and bears the greatest responsibility. — ba-
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   şmdan kesilir, proverb If you want to make sure your business is handled properly, discuss it not with underlings, but with the person who’s in charge of the whole thing.
 —yu baştan/başından kesmek colloq. to tackle a problem at its root. — birikintisi puddle, —da boğulmak to be drowned.
 —ya boğulmak to be flooded with water.
 —  borusu water pipe. — bölümü çizgisi geog. watershed, water parting. — buharı water vapor. —yu bulandırmak colloq. to throw a monkey wrench into something that’s going well. — bulanmayınca durulmaz. proverb Solutions to problems come only after said problems have been thoroughly aired and debated. — cenderesi hydraulic press.
 —  çarpmak /a/ colloq. to give (one’s face) a quick, splashy wash. — çekmek 1. to draw water (from a well/a cistern). 2. to absorb water. —yunu çekmek 1. for the liquid in (s.t. being cooked) to boil away. 2. colloq.
 (for money) to be spent, run out. — yu çekilmiş değirmene dönmek colloq. 1. (for a place) to become as silent as a tomb, become like a morgue. 2. to become completely useless. —dan çıkmış balığa dönmek colloq. to be in a daze, not to know what to do or which way to turn, —da çözünen water-soluble: suda çözünen vitamin water-soluble vitamin. — değirmeni water mill. — deposu water tank. — dökmek colloq. to urinate, pass water, make water. — dökmelik urinal. — dökünmek colloq. to take a quick bath (by dousing o.s. with water). — ya düşmek 1. colloq. to fail, come to nothing. 2. to fall into the water. — etmek naut. (for a ship) to leak, make water, —dan geçirmek hi colloq. 1. to wash (laundry) quickly and carelessly. 2. to rinse (laundry). — yu getiren de bir, testiyi kıran da. proverb Those who do nothing but botch things up are being treated just the same as those who do their work well. — gibi 1. like water. 2. colloq. easily, smoothly. 3. colloq. fluently. — gibi akmak colloq. 1. (for time) to pass very quickly. 2. /a/ (for money) to roll into (a person/a place) in great quantities. — gibi aziz ol! (May you be as blessed as water!) Thank you very much indeed (for bringing me water to drink)! — gibi bilmek hi colloq. to know (s.t.) perfectly, have (s.t.) down pat. — gibi ezberlemek hi colloq. to memorize (s.t.) perfectly. — gibi gitmek colloq. (for money) to be spent like water. — gibi okumak hi colloq. to read (s.t.) quickly and faultlessly.
 —  gibi para harcamak colloq. to spend money like water/like crazy. — gibi terlemek colloq. to sweat heavily, sweat buckets.
 —yuna/—yunca gitmek /in/ colloq. not to go counter to (s.o.); not to cross (s.o.), to comply with (s.o.’s) wishes. — yu görmeden paçaları sıvamak colloq. to count one’s chickens before they are hatched. — görme-
                                                                                                             SU
 miş colloq., see su yüzü görmemiş, —yu görünce teyemmüm bozulur, proverb When it becomes possible to do something properly, one must start doing it properly and abandon all makeshift measures. — ya göstermek hi colloq. to give (s.t.) a quick wash. — götürmez colloq. indisputable. — ya götürür, susuz getirir, colloq. He’s/She’s a master hood-winker. — götürür yeri olmamak Iml colloq. for there to be nothing more to be said about (a matter). — güllesi globe-shaped water bottle. — hattı naut., see su kesimi.
 —  havuzu vat. — içene yılan bile dokunmaz. proverb It’s wrong to attack a person while he’s/she’s drinking water, even if he’s/ she’s one’s enemy. — içinde colloq. easily, at least. — içinde kalmak colloq. 1. to get very wet. 2. to sweat heavily, sweat buckets.
 —  içmek gibi colloq. very easy,, as easy as taking candy from a baby. — iktiza etmek to need to perform a total ablution. — kaçırmak 1. to leak. 2. slang to annoy, bother, give someone a headache. — kaldırmak colloq. (for s.t. being cooked) to absorb water.
 —  kapmak prov. (for a wound) to get infected, fester, —lar kararmak colloq. to get dark (in the evening). — katılmadık colloq. real, in every sense of the word, through and through. — katılmamış colloq. 1. pure, unadulterated, one-hundred-percent. 2. real, in every sense of the word, through and through. — kayağı water ski. — kayağı yapmak to water-ski. — yu kesilmiş değirmene dönmek colloq., see suyu çekilmiş değirmene dönmek. — kesimi naut. draft line; waterline, —yu kesiyor, colloq. It’s so blunt it won’t cut anything (said of a knife).
 —  kesmek colloq. to become very watery; to ooze a lot of water/juice. — kireci hydraulic lime. — korkusu hydrophobia, morbid dread of water. — koyuvermek 1. (for s.t.) to ooze a lot of water (while being cooked).
 2. slang to become impudent, overstep the mark, spoil the fun by going too far. — kulesi water tower. — küçüğün, söz/sofra büyüğün. proverb At mealtime the children should be the ones who get water first, but the adults should be the first ones who begin to eat and converse. — yu mu çıktı? colloq. /in/ What’s wrong with that/this place?
 —yu nereden geliyor? /ml colloq. (Where does its water come from?) Who’s paying for all this?/Who’s financing this thing? — perisi water nymph, —yuna pirinç salınmaz. colloq. You can’t depend on him/her. —da pişmiş boiled; stewed. — saati water meter. — ya sabuna dokunmamak colloq. to be careful not to stir up trouble; to be careful to keep on the good side of others, be careful not to raise any hackles. — ya salmak hi colloq. to waste, throw away. — sayacı water meter. — yu seli kalmamak Iml colloq. for the juice in (a food) to be cooked
sual
786
suçsuzluk
    away/boil away, (içine/gönlüne) — serpilmek Iml to feel relieved, be set at ease (after a period of worry). — yu sert 1. (steel) tempered to a high degree of hardness. 2. colloq. harsh (person). — sporları aquatic sports, —yunun suyu colloq. something that has only a faint connection with something else.
    —  tabancası water pistol/gun. — tedavisi hydrotherapy. — testisi su yolunda kırılır. proverb When a person is injured or dies, his/her injury or death can usually be attributed to his/her occupation or way of life, —yuna tirit colloq. 1. tasteless (food). 2. (getting by) on little or nothing. — toplamak (for a place on one’s body) to blister, become blistered, —dan ucuz colloq. dirt cheap, a dime a dozen. — uyur, düşman uyumaz. proverb An enemy is someone one must always beware of. — vermek /a/ 1. to water.
    2. to give (s.o./an animal) some water. 3. to quench (steel). — yapmak naut., see su etmek. — yatağı water bed. — yitimi dehydration. —yu yokuşa akıtmak colloq. to lay down a set of impossible conditions. —yu yumuşak 1. (steel) which has not been tempered to a high degree of hardness. 2. colloq. good-natured. — yürümek /a/ bot. for the sap to rise (in); for the buds (of the trees) to begin to swell. — yüzüne çıkmak colloq. (for a matter/a problem) to surface, become
i,  apparent. — yüzü görmemiş colloq. very dirty (face/hands), sual, -li (.—) question; inquiry. — açmak /a/ to interrogate. — etmek /a/ to question; /i, a/ to ask (s.o.) about (s.t.). — sormak /a/ to ask (s.o.) a question, sualtı, -ni (/..) underwater. — fotoğrafçılığı underwater photography. — kamerası underwater camera, suare 1. evening performance (of a play); evening showing (of a movie). 2. evening party, soiree.
suaskilari, -m (/....) bot. Characeae. suaygırı, -m (/...) zool. hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius.
suaygingiller (.'....) zool. Hippopotamidae.
subaldirani, -m (/....) bot. water hemlock, Cicuta virosa. subaşı, -m (/..) hist. 1. chief of police (in a small town). 2. farm overseer, farm manager (in the Ottoman province of Rumelia). subay mil. officer.
subaylık mil. 1. officership, post/rank of an officer. 2. being an officer, subiberi, -ni (/...) bot. water pepper, Polygonum hydropiper. subilim (/..) hydrology, subilimci (/...) hydrologist. subiti, -ni (/..) zool. water flea, Daphnia pulex. suboyasi, -ni (/...) water-soluble wood paint; stain.
suböceği, -ni (/...) zool. water beetle, Hydro-philidae.
suböreği, -ni (/...) a börek made of layers of noodlelike pastry filled with cheese/meat, subra (/.) dress shield, subret, -ti theat., opera soubrette. subye (/.) strap (attached to a gaiter or a trouser cuff and designed to be slipped under one’s shoe).
sucismi, -ni (/..) physiol, aqueous humor, sucu seller of drinking water, water seller, sucuk 1. a sausage flavored with garlic. 2. a sweet confection consisting of nuts coated with a rubbery paste made of grape molasses.
   3.  slang wealthy person, someone who’s loaded. — unu çıkarmak Iml colloq. 1. to beat the tar out of, beat the daylights out of.
   2.  to tire out, exhaust. — gibi ıslanmak/olmak colloq. to get drenched; to be wringing wet.
sucukçu maker/seller of sucuk, sucukçuluk making/selling sucuk, sucuklu made with sucuk; (a food) which contains sucuk, sucul 1. aquatic (animal/plant). 2. absorbent. 3.
    zool. water beetle, suculuk selling drinking water, suç, -çu 1. offense, blameworthy act. 2. crime.
   —   atmak /a/ to throw/put the blame on. —unu bağışlamak (—undan geçmek) Iml to pardon (s.o.). — u gelin etmişler, kimse güvey girmemiş, proverb Nobody will willingly admit that he’s the guilty party. — işlemek to commit an offense/a crime. — olmak to be deemed an offense/a crime. — ortağı accomplice, accessory. — samur kürk olsa kimse üstüne almaz, proverb, see Kabahat samur kürk olsa kimse sırtına almaz. — yüklemek /a/ to lay the blame on.
suçbilim (/..) criminology, suçbilimci (/...) criminologist, suçiçeği, -ni (/...) path, chicken pox, varicella, suçlama 1. Ill accusing (s.o.); /i, la/ accusing (s.o.) of (an offense/a crime). 2. accusation, suçlamak hi to accuse (s.o.); /i, la/ to accuse (s.o.) of (an offense/a crime), suçlandırma hi finding (s.o.) guilty, deciding that (s.o.) is guilty, suçlandırmak hi to find (s.o.) guilty, decide that (s.o.) is guilty, suçlanma being accused; /la/ being accused of, being charged with, suçlanmak to be accused; /la/ to be accused of, be charged with, suçlu 1. guilty. 2. guilty person; criminal, felon.
   —   çıkarmak hi to find (s.o.) guilty, —larm geri verilmesi (—larm iadesi) law extradition. — olmak 1. to be guilty. 2. to be considered guilty. — sayılmak to be considered guilty.
suçlularevi, -ni (../..) prison, suçluluk guilt; guiltiness. — duygusu feeling of guilt, suçsuz riot guilty, innocent, suçsuzluk innocence.
suçulluğu
787
sultani
 suçulluğu, -nu zool. 1. snipe, Capella gal-linago. 2. common sandpiper, Actitis hypo-leuca.
 suçüstü, -nü (/..) (being caught) red-handed, in the act, in flagrante delicto. — davası law court case in which the perpetrator has been caught red-handed. — mahkemesi law court that hears cases involving persons caught in the act of a crime. — yakalamak III to catch (s.o.) in the act/red-handed, sudak zool. zander (a pike perch), Lucioperca sandra.
 Sudan (—.) 1. the Sudan. 2. Sudanese, of the Sudan.
 sudan colloq. weak, lame, unconvincing. Sudanlı (—..) 1. (a) Sudanese. 2. Sudanese (person).
                              sudantavuğu, -nu (—'....) zool. a guinea fowl, sudolabi, -ni (.'...) waterwheel (which raises water used to irrigate vegetable gardens), sudur (.—) obs. emergence, appearance, issue.
 . — etmek to emerge, appear, issue.
 sufi (-----) see sofi.
 suflör theat. prompter, suflörlük theat. prompting, sugeçirmez waterproof, impervious to water, suibriği, -ni (/...) bot. pitcher plant, Nepenthes destillatoria.
 suibriğigiller (/...) bot. Nepenthaceae.
 suiistimal, -li (—....) misuse, misusing. ■— etmek hi to misuse, suikast, -ti (—..) 1. assassination. 2. assassination attempt. 3. assassination plot. — ta bulunmak /a/ 1. to assassinate. 2. to attempt to assassinate. 3. to conspire to kill, suikastçı (—...) 1. assassin. 2. conspirator, suiniyet, -ti (—...) law malice, malicious intent, suişöhret, -ti (—...) obs. bad reputation, bad name. — sahibi (s.o.) who has acquired a bad reputation, suizan, -nm (—..) obs. suspicion; distrust, sukabağı, -m (/...) bot. dipper gourd, Cucur-bita.
 sukamışı, -ni (/...) bot. cattail, bulrush, reed mace, Typha latifolia. sukamışıgiller (/.....) bot. Typhaceae. sukaranfili, -ni (/....) bot. wood avens, Geum urbanum.
 sukeleri, -ni (/...) zool. newt, Triturus. sukemeri, -ni (/...) aqueduct, suketeni, -ni (/...) bot. hemp agrimony, Eupa-torium cannabinum. sukobayi, -ni (/...) zool. capybara, capibara, capivara, Hydrochoerus capybara. suköstebeği, -ni (/....) zool. otter shrew, Pota-mogale velox. sukut, -tu (.—) falling, fall. — etmek to fall.
    —u hayal disappointment. —u hayale uğramak to be disappointed. — u hayale uğratmak lil to disappoint. — sebepleri law causes for discharge/termination/forfeiture, suküre (/..) hydrosphere, sulak 1. abounding in water, well-watered
    (place). 2. marshy. 3. vessel or hollow place designed to hold water for birds. — alanlar wetlands.
 sulama hi 1. watering (a plant/an animal); irrigation, irrigating (an area); giving water to (an animal). 2. slang paying out, shelling out (money). — arabası sprinkling truck, street sprinkler.
 sulamaç sprinkling truck, street sprinkler, sulamak hi 1. to water (a plant/an animal); to irrigate (an area); to give water to (an animal). 2. slang to pay out, shell out (money), sulandırma hi 1. diluting (s.t.) with water, watering, watering down. 2. diluting, dilution, thinning.
 sulandırmak hi 1. to dilute (s.t.) with water, water, water down. 2. to dilute, thin, sulanma 1. becoming/getting watery; becoming dilute/thin; deliquescence. 2. (of a plant/an animal) being watered; (of an area) being irrigated. 3. /a/ slang making it clear that one wants (s.t.), hankering after (s.t.) openly.
    4.    /a/ slang (of a man) making improper advances to (a woman). 5. hi' slang paying out, shelling out (money), sulanmak 1. to become/get watery; to become dilute, become thin; to deliquesce. 2. (for a plant/an animal) to be watered; (for an area) to be irrigated. 3. /a/ slang to make it clear that one wants (s.t.), hanker after (s.t.) openly. 4. /a/ slang (for a man) to make improper advances to (a woman). 5. hi slang to pay out, shell out (money), sulatma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) water (a plant/an animal); having (s.o.) irrigate (an area), sulatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) water (a plant/an animal); to have (s.o.) irrigate (an area), sulfata (./.) colloq. quinine sulfate, sulfato (./.) colloq., see sulfata, sulh peace. — hâkimi law justice of the peace; police court magistrate. — mahkemesi law minor court for petty offenses; justice court; police court; petty sessions. — olmak to come to an amicable agreement; to settle their differences, sulhçu 1. pacifist, pacifistic. 2. (a) pacifist, sulhen (/.) obs. peacefully, peaceably, sulhname (.—.) peace treaty, sulhperver see sulhçu.
sulp, -bü obs. 1. hard, firm, tough (object). 2. anat. loins. 3. anat. backbone, spinal column, —ünden gelmek Iml to be the offspring of, be the seed of. sulta authority.
 sultan 1. title applied to the sultan, his wives/ children: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Mehmet the Conqueror. Cem Sultan Prince Cem. 2. sultan. 3. princess, sultan’s daughter. 4. title applied to some leading Bektashis. sultani (.— —) 1. sultanic, imperial. 2. hist. name used to designate each one of a special group of senior high schools. 3. sultana (a seedless grape). 4. an Ottoman gold coin
sultanlık
788
surat
   minted in Egypt, Tripoli, Tunisia, and Algeria. — tembel colloq. extremely lazy. — yegâh classical Turk. mus. a makam, sultanlık 1. sultanship; sultanate; being a sultan.
   2.  sultanate, country ruled by a sultan. 3. colloq. the life of Riley, the life.
sulu 1. watery; dilute, watered down. 2. juicy.
   3.  colloq. (s.o.) who makes stale, annoying jokes. A. colloq. fresh, overly familiar. — göz/gözlü colloq. 1. (s.o.) who starts crying for the slightest of reasons. 2. crybaby. — zirtlak colloq. lemon.
suluboya (./..) 1. watercolor (the paint). 2. (a) watercolor, (an) aquarelle. 3. watercolor (drawing).
suluk 1. water cup (in a bird’s cage). 2. path. infantile seborrhea. 3. curb (of a horse’s bit).
   4.  puddle of water. — zinciri curb (of a horse’s bit).
sululaşma colloq. getting fresh, getting impudent.
sululaşmak colloq. to get fresh, get impudent, sululuk 1. wateriness; diluteness. 2. juiciness.
   3.     colloq. making stale, annoying jokes. 4. colloq. freshness, impertinence, sulusepken (./..) 1. sleet, a mixture of rain and snow. 2. (snow) mixed with rain, (kar) — yağmak to sleet, sumak hot. sumac, sumach, Rhus. sumen desk pad (used to provide a desk top 4 with a cushioned surface), sumercimeği, -ni (/....) hot. lesser duckweed, water lentil, Lemna minor.
sumercimeğigiller (/........) bot. Lemnaceae.
sumermeri, -ni (/...) alabaster, sumuhallebisi, -ni (/.....) a thick rice-flour pudding on which rose water is poured before serving.
suna 1. zool. drake, male duck. 2. prov. tall and handsome person. 3. prov. beautiful. — gibi/ boylu colloq. tall and handsome (person), sunak altar.
sundurma 1. lean-to roof. 2. lean-to, shed. 3. /a, i/ having (s.o.) present (s.t.) (respectfully); having (s.o.) submit (s.t.). — çatı lean-to roof.
sundurmak /a, i/ to have (s.o.) present (s.t.)
                               (respectfully); to have (s.o.) submit (s.t.). sungu 1. gift (presented to a superior). 2. sacrifice (to a god), sungur zool. a white falcon, Falco. suni (.—) 1. artificial; imitation; false. 2. artificial, affected. — böbrek artificial kidney.
   —   dölleme artificial insemination. — gübre artificial fertilizer. — solunum/teneffüs artificial respiration; mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
sunilik (.—.) 1. artificiality. 2. affectation, affectedness.
sunma /ı, a/ 1. presenting (s.t.) (respectfully) to (s.o.), presenting (s.o.) with (s.t.); submitting (s.t.) to (s.o.). 2. performing/playing/ singing (s.t.) for (s.o.).
sunmak /ı, a/ 1. to present (s.t.) (respectfully) to (s.o.), present (s.o.) with (s.t.); to submit (s.t.) to (s.o.). 2. to perform/play/sing (s.t.) for (s.o.).
sunta (/.) fiberboard (used as a substitute for wood).
suntıraç butteris, farrier’s knife, paring iron, suntıraş see suntıraç.
sunturlu colloq. awful, whopping: sunturlu küfür violent oath, sunu com. supply. — ve istem supply and demand.
sunucu 1. master of ceremonies; emcee, Brit. compere. 2. TV anchorperson; anchorman; anchorwoman, sunuculuk 1. being a master of ceremonies;
. emceeing, Brit, compering. 2. TV anchoring; being an anchorperson/an anchorman/an anchorwoman, sunulma /a/ being presented (respectfully) to (s.o.); being submitted to (s.o.). sunulmak /a/ to be presented (respectfully) to (s.o.); to be submitted to (s.o.). sunumluk snack bar.
sunuş 1. presentation; submitting (s.t.). 2. formal report. 3. introduction, sun’utaksir (/..—) obs., law being at fault, being in the wrong: Onun sun’utaksiri yoktu. He wasn’t at fault, suoku, -nu (/..) bot. arrowhead, Sagittaria sagittifolia. suokugiller (/....) bot. Alismataceae. suopossumu, -nu (/....) zool. yapock, yapok, oyapock, water opossum, Chironectes minimus.
suölçer (/..) hydrometer, suörümceği, -ni (/....) zool. water spider, water spinner, Argyroneta aquatica. sup, -pu see supanglez. supanglez chocolate pudding, supap mech. valve.
suphanallah (.—'..) Good Lord!/Good God!/ Great Scott! supiresi, -ni (/...) zool. water flea, Daphnia pulex.
suples flexibility, suppleness, supya zool. cuttlefish; squid, Sepia.
’sur city wall, rampart.
2sur prov. good luck, good fortune, sura surah (a soft, twilled silk), surat, -ti 1. face (used derogatorily). 2. colloq. sulkiness. 3. slang, playing cards (a) king; (a) queen; (a) jack. —ı asık colloq. sour -faced; grim-looking; sulky; pouting. — asmak colloq. to put on a sour face, look annoyed/angry/unhappy; to sulk; to pout. — bağlamak colloq. to get fat in the face, get jowly. — ma bakanın kırk yıl işi rast gitmez. colloq. He’s a real Jonah ./He/She brings bad luck to everyone he/she meets. —-a/—ı-na bak, süngüye davran, colloq. 1. He’s/ She’s as ugly as sin. 2. He’s/She’s as sour -faced/grim-looking as they come. — bir ka-
suratlı
789
suterazisi
   rış colloq. sour-faced; annoyed-looking; angry-looking; grim-looking. — i davul/eşek derisi colloq. brazen, shameless. — değil mahkeme duvarı! colloq. He/S he has an extremely forbidding look on his/her face, —i değişmek colloq. 1. to take a firmer line, adopt a firmer tone. 2. for the expression on one’s face to change. — ından düşen bin parça colloq. very sour-faced, very annoyed -looking; very angry-looking; very grim -looking. — düşkünü colloq. Ugly, (s.o.) who’s not much when it comes to looks, —mı ekşitmek colloq. to put on a sour face.
   —  etmek /a/ colloq. to give (s.o.) a sour look; to give (s.o.) a sulky/pouting look.
   —ma indirmek /in/ colloq. to give (s.o.) a sock in the face, give (s.o.) one in the kisser, —i kasap süngeriyle silinmiş colloq. shameless, brazen. — mahkeme duvarı! colloq., see Surat değil mahkeme duvarı! — ı sirke satmak colloq. to have a very sour look on one’s face.
suratlı 1. colloq. sour-faced; angry-looking;
   grim-looking. 2. (...) -faced, (...) -looking, suratsız colloq. 1. ugly. 2. sour-faced; angry -looking; grim-looking. 3. bad-tempered; peevish, surdin mus. (a) mute, sure (—.) sura, surah (of the Koran), suret, -ti (—.) 1. form, shape, figure. 2. fashion, way, manner: bu surette thus, in this way. sert bir surette harshly; hard. Ne suretle? How?/In what way? 3. copy (of a picture/a piece of writing/a document). 4. colloq. picture, photograph. 5. obs., math, numerator.
   —iyle by (doing s.t.): Yıllık kirayı peşin ödemek suretiyle daireyi daha ucuza tutabildi. He was able to get the apartment for less by paying a year’s rent in advance. —i-ni almak/çıkarmak /in/ to make a copy of. —ine girmek /in/ to assume the form of.
   —i haktan görünmek (for an evil-minded person) to act as if he/she has nothing but good intentions, sureta (■—'.—) 1. outwardly. 2. affected, put -on, assumed, surezenesi, -ni (/....) bot. water hemlock, Cicuta virosa.
Surinam 1. Surinam. 2. Surinam, of Surinam. Surinamli 1. (a) Surinamese. 2. Surinamese (person).
Suriye (—..) 1. Syria. 2. Syrian, of Syria. Suriyeli (—...) 1. (a) Syrian. 2. Syrian (person), susak prov. 1. dipper (made of a gourd or of wood). 2. thirsty. 3. stupid, susallar 1. aquatic plants. 2. aquatic animals, susam 1. bot. sesame, Sesamum indicum. 2. sesame seed. 3. bot. iris, Iris. — helvası a brittle halvah coated with sesame seeds, susama 1. getting thirsty; being thirsty. 2. /a/ thirsting for, longing for. susamak 1. to get thirsty; to be thirsty. 2. /a/ to thirst for, long for.
susamlı coated/sprinkled with sesame seeds; (a food) which contains sesame seeds. — helva see susam helvası, susamuru, -nu (/...) zool. otter, Lutra. susamurugiller (/.....) zool. Mustelidae. susamyağı, -ni (./..) sesame oil. susanmak impersonal passive to get thirsty, susarmısağı, -ni (/....) bot. water germander, Teucrium scordium. susatma 111 1. making (s.o.) thirsty. 2. causing (s.o.) difficulties, making trouble for (s.o.). susatmak hi 1. to make (s.o.) thirsty. 2. to cause (s.o.) difficulties, make trouble for (s.o.). susığırı, -m (/...) zool. water buffalo, Bubalus. susineği, -ni (/...) zool. water fly, stone fly. susku silence, suskun quiet, taciturn, suskunluk quietness, taciturnity, susma 1. remaining silent, not saying anything.
    2. becoming silent, susmak 1. to remain silent, not to say anything. 2. to stop talking, become silent, sus payı hush money, susmalik hush money, suspansuvar jockstrap, jock, jockey strap, suspus used in: — olmak colloq. to be reduced to silence, be silenced; to be as quiet as a mouse.
’susta (/.) safety catch.
2susta (/.) used in: — durmak 1. (for a dog) to stand on its hind legs. 2. colloq. (for s.o.) to stand to heel, be ready to hop to. — ya kalkmak (for a dog) to stand up on its hind legs.
sustalı (/..) 1. (s.t.) which has a safety catch.
    2. switchblade. — çakı switchblade, susturma hi silencing, making (s.o.) stop talking; reducing (s.o.) to silence, susturmak 111 to silence, make (s.o.) stop talking; to reduce (s.o.) to silence, susturucu 1. auto, muffler, Brit, silencer. 2. silencer (of a gun). 3. (utterance) which reduces someone to silence, susturulma being silenced, susturulmak to be silenced, susuz 1. waterless, dry. 2. without water: Dört günden beri susuzuz. We’ve been without water for four days. — bırakmak 111 to let (s.o./an animal) go without water. — kalmak
    1.    to be without water, go without water. 2. (for s.o.) to be dehydrated, susuzluk 1. waterlessness. 2. thirst. 3. dehydration, being in a dehydrated state, susümbülü, -nü (/...) bot. water hyacinth, Eichornia crassipes. suşeridi, -ni (/...) bot. bur reed, Sparganium. sut soda, sodium carbonate. — kostik caustic soda, sodium hydroxide, soda, sutaşı, -ni (/..) tailor, soutache, sutavuğu, -nu (/...) zool. European coot, Fu-lica atra.
suterazisi, -ni             1.   formerly   masonry
    tower built into a waterline (used to reduce
suteresi
790
sülfür
    the pressure in the line). 2. spirit level, suteresi, -ni (/...) bot. watercress, Nasturtium officinale. sutopu, -nu (/..) sports water polo, sutyen brassiere, bra.
                                                             Suudi (.— —) Saudi. — Arabistan 1. Saudi Arabia. 2. Saudi Arabian, of Saudi Arabia.
    —     ArabistanlI 1. (a) Saudi Arabian. 2. Saudi Arabian (person), suvare see suare.
suvarım prov. enough water for (so many) waterings.
suvarma /ı/ prov. watering (an animal), suvarmak III prov. to water (an animal), suvat, -ti prov. watering place (for animals), suyarpuzu, -nu (/...) bot. water mint, Mentha aquatica.
suyelvesi, -ni (/...) zool. water rail, Rallus aquaticus.
suyilam, -m (/...) zool. water snake, Natrix. suyolcu (/..) formerly man responsible for the maintenance of a waterline, suyolu, -nu (.'..) 1. waterline, pipeline for water; aqueduct. 2. watermark (in paper). 3. tailor. soutache. 4. a children’s game which involves drawing connecting lines between dots. 5. slang (a) main street, (a) main drag, suyoncasi, -m (/...) bot. buck bean, marsh trefoil, Menyanthes trifoliata. suyosunlan, -m (/....) bot. Algae. suyosunu, -nu (/...) seaweed, süyuk physiol, body fluid, fluid, humor, suyuvan, -m (/...) hydrosphere, suzidil (—'..) classical Turk. mus. a makam, suzidilara (—'..— —) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
suzinak, -kı (—-.—) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
suziş (—.) obs. deep sorrow, heartache, anguish, suzişli (—..) obs. full of anguish; deeply moving.
sübek prov. a urinal tube or a urinal for a baby, sübjektif subjective.
sübjektivist, -ti 1. (a) subjectivist. 2. subjec-tivistic. sübjektivite subjectivity, sübjektivizm subjectivism, süblime chem. 1. mercury chloride, mercurid chloride, corrosive sublimate. 2. sublimate, something obtained by sublimation, süblimleşme chem. sublimating, sublimation, subliming, being sublimed, süblimleşmek chem. to sublimate, sublime, be sublimed.
süblimleştirme hi chem. sublimating, subliming, süblimleştirmek 111 chem. to sublimate, sublime.
                                                             sübut, -tu (.—) obs. 1. becoming established, becoming certain. 2. becoming a reality. — bulmak 1. to be conclusively established. 2. to become a reality, sübvansiyon subvention, sübyan 1. children. 2. male children. 3. colloq.
                                                            naive child, kid who’s still wet behind the ears. — koğuşu large room where juvenile delinquents are kept in (a prison). — mektebi formerly primary school, sübyancı colloq. 1. child molester; pedophile.
   2.     pedophilic. sübyancılık colloq. child molesting; pedophilia.
’sübye (/.) a thick, sweet liquid made with crushed almonds or crushed melon seeds. 2sübye zool., see supya, sücut (.—) obs. touching one’s forehead to the ground, prostrating o.s. (while performing the namaz). — etmek (—a varmak) to touch one’s forehead to the ground, südreme archaic getting drunk, südremek archaic to get drunk, süet, -ti 1. suede. 2. suede, made of suede, süfli (.—) 1. low-down, contemptible. 2. inferior; wretched. 3. dressed in dirty, shabby clothes.
                                                            süflilik (.—.) 1. being low-down/contemptible.
   2.     being inferior/wretched. 3. being dressed in dirty, shabby clothes, süfrajet, -ti suffragette.
Süheyl astr. Canopus (a star), sühulet, -ti (.-—.) obs. facility, ease, sühunet, -ti, (.-—.) obs. temperature; heat, warmth, suit, -ti mus. suite.
süje 1. subject, topic. 2. gram, subject. 3. subject (thinking agent, mind, ego). 4. subject (person/animal being studied), süklüm püklüm (./ ..) colloq. in a crestfallen manner, in a hangdog manner, sükna (.—) obs. dwelling place, abode, residence. — hakkı law right to reside in a place.
sükse success, hit (an undertaking that succeeds). — yapmak to be a success, be a hit, make a hit. sükûn (.—) see sükûnet, sükûnet, -ti (.—.) rest, calm, quiet, repose, tranquillity. — bulmak to be calmed, become tranquil, quiet down, sükût, -tu (.—) silence. — etmek 1. to remain silent. 2. to stop talking, —la geçiştirmek hi colloq. to pass over (a matter) in silence.
   —   hakkı hush money. — ikrardan gelir. proverb A refusal either to avow or to disavow an action is in most cases a sign of guilt.
sükûti (.— —) obs. taciturn, silent, sülale (.—.) family; line; house, dynasty, sülf obs., chem. sulfur, sülfamit 1. sulfamide. 2. sulfa drug, sülfat, -ti chem. sulfate, sülfatlama hi sulfuring, treating (s.t.) with sulfur; dusting (s.t.) with sulfur, sülfatlamak hi to sulfur, treat (s.t.) with sulfur;
   to dust (s.t.) with sulfur, sülfıt, -ti chem. sulfite, sülfür chem. sulfide, sulfuret.
sülfürik
791
sünnet
 sülfürik chem. sulfuric. — asit sulfuric acid, sülfürleme lıl sulfurizing, sulphurizing, sulfur-ing, sulphuring, sulfurization. sülfürlemek lif to sulfurize, sulphurize, sulfur,, sulphur.
                            süline (./.) zool. razor shell, razor clam, Solen. sülük, -kü (.—) obs. 1. embarking on (a career/ a line of work). 2. joining (a group); becoming an adherent of (a group). — etmek /a/ 1. to embark on (a career/a line of work).
   2.    to join (a group); to become an adherent of (a group), sülüğen red lead.
 sülük 1. zool. leech, Hirudo. 2. bot. tendril (of a vine). — gibi colloq. (unpleasant person) who sticks to one like a leech, very pertinacious. — tutunmak to bleed o.s. using leeches, leech o.s. sülükçü 1. catcher/seller of leeches. 2. person who bleeds people using leeches, sülükler zool. Hirudinea. sülümen chem., see aksülümen. sülün zool. pheasant, Phasianus. — gibi colloq.
   tall and graceful, sülünlük pheasantry, a place for keeping and rearing pheasants, sülüs 1. obs. one third. 2. a style of Arabic script, sülyen see sülüğen, sümbül bot. hyacinth, Hyacinthus. sümbüle see sünbüle. sümbüli (..—) cloudy, overcast (sky), sümbülteber bot. tuberose, Polianthes tuberosa. sümek prov. carded wool (ready for spinning). Sümer 1. Sumer. 2. Sumerian.
                            Sümerce (./.) 1. Sumerian, the Sumerian language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Sumerian, Sumerian. 3. Sumerian (speech/writing); spoken in Sumerian; written in Sumerian. Sümerolog Sumerologist.
 Sümeroloji Sumerology. sümkürme blowing one’s nose, sümkürmek to blow one’s nose, sümkürtme h/ getting (s.o.) to blow his/her nose.
 sümkürtmek hi to get (s.o.) to blow his/her nose.
 sümmettedarik (/..— .) obs. last-minute, spur -of-the-moment; slapdash.
 ’sümsük colloq. stupid and supine.
 2sümsük zool. booby, Sula. sümsükleşme colloq. becoming stupid and supine.
 sümsükleşmek colloq. to become stupid and supine.
 sümsüklük colloq. being stupid and supine, sümter prov., bot. an awned, red \yheat. sümük mucus; snot, nasal mucus; slime, sümükdoku (./..) anat. mucous membrane, sümüklü 1. covered with mucus; snotty. 2.
   snotty-nosed. 3. slimy, sümüklüböcek (../..) zool. slug, Umax. sümükse! mucous.
sümüksü mucoid, mucus-like, sünbüle 1. obs., bot. ear, spike (of grain). 2. obs., astrol. Virgo. 3. classical Turk. mus. a makam.
sündürme hi stretching (s.t.), having (s.t.) stretched.
sündürmek 111 to stretch (s.t.), have (s.t.) stretched.
sündüs obs. sarcenet (a fine brocade), süne zool. shield bug (an insect destructive to wheat).
sünepe colloq. supine and slovenly dressed, sünepelik colloq. being supine and slovenly dressed.
sünger 1. sponge. 2. foam rubber. — avcılığı sponge fishing. — avcısı sponge fisherman, (üzerinden) — geçirmek /in/ colloq. to wipe (s.t.) from one’s mind, forget about (s.t.) completely. — gibi spongy, spongelike, süngerci 1. sponge fisherman. 2. sponge seller.
    3.    seller of foam rubber, süngercilik 1. sponge fishing. 2. selling sponges. 3. selling foam rubber, süngerdoku (./..) bot. spongy parenchyma, süngerler zool. Porifera. süngersi spongelike, spongy, süngertaşı, -ni (./..) pumice, süngü 1. bayonet. 2. formerly wooden pole planted in the ground at the head of a grave. 3. poker (for a fire). — sü depreşmesin .... I don’t like to speak ill of the dead, but ... (said before making a critical remark about s.o. who is dead). —sü düşük colloq.
    1. depressed, down in the dumps. 2. (s.o.) who’s lost all his/her pep, who’s lost his/ her pizzazz. 3. (s.o.) who’s feeling under the weather.
süngüleme /ıl 1. bayoneting, stabbing (s.o.) with a bayonet. 2. poking (a fire), süngülemek hi 1. to bayonet, stab (s.o.) with a bayonet. 2. to poke (a fire), süngülenme 1. being bayoneted. 2. (of a fire) being poked, süngülenmek 1. to be bayoneted. 2. (for a fire) to be poked, süngüleşme attacking each other using bayonets.
süngüleşmek to attack each other using bayonets.
süngülü 1. (rifle) with a bayonet fixed to it. 2. (soldier) whose rifle has a bayonet fixed to it. 3. soldier whose rifle has a bayonet fixed to it.
sünme 1. stretching, being stretched. 2. losing its elasticity, losing its springiness, becoming too loose.
sünmek 1. to stretch, be stretched. 2. to lose its elasticity, lose its springiness, become too loose.
sünnet, -ti Islam 1. the Sunna (the sayings and doings of the Prophet Muhammad, which form a basis for much of Islamic law). 2. ritual circumcision. — derisi anat. foreskin.
süıtfıetçi
   —   düğünü circumcision feast. — ehli 1. Sunni Muslims, the Sunni. 2. (a) Sunni Muslim, (a) Sunni. — etmek h/ to circumcise.
    —     olmak to be circumcised, sünnetçi circumciser.
                                                            sünnetçilik circumcising, being a circumciser. sünnetleme hi 1. colloq. eating up (every bit of food on one’s plate), licking (one’s platter) clean. 2. slang cutting, wounding, injuring.
sünnetlemek hi 1. colloq. to eat up (every bit of food on one’s plate), lick (one’s platter) clean. 2. slang to cut, wound, injure, sünnetli circumcised, sünnetsiz uncircumcised.
Sünni (.—) 1. (a) Sunni, (a) Sunnite. 2. Sunni, of the Sunnis.
Sünnilik (.—.) Sunni Islam; Sunnism. sünuh (.—) obs. (a thought’s) coming to one’s mind, occurring to one. — etmek to come to one’s mind, occur to one.
sünuhat, -ti (.-----) obs. thoughts that suddenly
    occur to one, sudden inspirations, süper (/.) super, extraordinarily good. — benzin high-octane gasoline. — güç/devlet superpower, süpermarket, -ti (/...) supermarket, süpermen (/..) superman, süpersonik (/...) supersonic, süperstar (/..) cin., mus., theat. superstar, süpozituvar med. (a) suppository, süprülme see süpürülme, süprülmek see süpürülmek, süprüntü 1. sweepings, rubbish, trash. 2. colloq. the most worthless things, the culls. 3. colloq. worthless and low-down people, trash, süprüntücü 1. street sweeper (person); trash collector, garbage man, Brit, dustman. 2. colloq. person who buys/sells goods of the poorest quality, junkman, süprüntülük rubbish heap, trash heap, dump, süpürge broom.
süpürgeci 1. maker/seller of brooms. 2. street sweeper (person), süpürgeçalısı, -m (../...) bot., see süpürgeotu. süpürge dansı, -m (../...) bot. sorghum, Sorghum.
süpürgelik baseboard, mopboard. süpürgeotu, -nu (../..) bot. heath, Erica. süpürme lıl 1. sweeping (a place). 2. sweeping away, getting rid of (s.o./s.t.) completely, süpürmek III 1. to sweep (a place). 2. to sweep away, get rid of (s.o./s.t.) completely, süpürtme /ı, a/ having (s.o.) sweep (a place), süpürtmek /i, a/ to have (s.o.) sweep (a place), süpürücü street sweeper (a person/a machine), süpürülme being swept, süpürülmek to be swept, sürahi (•—-.) (glass) decanter/carafe/jug. sürat, -ti speed, velocity} quickness, rapidity.
   —   koşucusu shoYt-disAce runner. — motoru speedboat.          $■
süratlenme going faster, speeding up, gaining
792                                            süreli
         speed.
      süratlenmek to go faster, speed up, gain speed, süratli speedy; quick, rapid, sürç used in: — ü lisan slip of the tongue, sürçme 1. stumbling. 2. saying something by mistake.
      sürçmek 1. to stumble. 2. to say something by mistake.
                                                                sürçtürme hi causing (s.o.) to stumble, sürçtürmek hi to cause (s.o.) to stumble, sürdürme 1. hi continuing, carrying on (an action). 2. /i, a/ having (s.o.) drive/push (a vehicle). 3. /i, a/ having (s.o.) drive (an animal). 4. /i, a/ having (s.o.) plow (a field).
         5. /i, a/ having (s.o.) spread/rub/smear (s.t.) on (s.t.).
      sürdürmek 1. hi to continue, carry on (an action). 2. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) drive/push (a vehicle). 3. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) drive (an animal). 4. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) plow (a field).
         5.    /i, a/ to have (s.o.) spread/rub/smear (s.t.) on (s.t.). sürdürüm subscription, sürdürümcü subscriber, süre period (of time), space of time; spell. — ölçen sports timer, timekeeper. — ölçümü sports timekeeping, süreaşımı, -m (./...) law 1. prescription. 2.
         limitation (period of time), sürece while, as long as: Ateşkes devam ettiği sürece burada kalırız. We’ll stay here as long as the ceasefire lasts. Barış olduğu sürece umut vardır. While there is peace, there is hope.
      süreç process, progression, march, development, süreçsel processive, progressive, süredizin (./..) chronology, süreduran (./..) phys. inert, süredurum (./..) phys. inertia, süredurumlu (./...) phys., see süreduran. süregelme (./..) (of s.t.) having gone on (in a certain way) for a long time, süregelmek (./..) (for s.t.) to have gone on (in a certain way) for a long time, süreğen chronic, süreğenleşme becoming chronic, süreğenleşmek to become chronic, süreğenlik chronicity.
      sürek 1. the season (of a fruit/a vegetable): Mal-taeriğinin süreği kısadır. Loquats have a short season. 2. continuation. 3. prov. large herd. — avı drive (a kind of hunt). — tatar fast postrider, fast-riding courier, sürekli continual, continuous. —■ ünsüz phon.
         (a) continuant, süreklilik continuousness, continuity, süreksiz transitory, transient. — ünsüz phon.
         (a) stop, stop consonant, süreksizlik transitoriness, sürelge calendar.
      süreli 1. (s.t.) which lasts for (a certain amount of) time: Serra’nm somurtkanlıkları kısa sürelidir. Serra’s sulks are short-lived. 2.
sürem                                               793
    periodic. — yayın (a) periodical, sürem season.
süreölçer (./..) 1. chronometer. 2. stopwatch, sürerdurum (./..) the status quo. sürerdurumcu one who prefers the status quo, standpatter, sürerlik continuousness; enduringness, süresince throughout, over the entire course of. süresiz 1. (s.t.) for which no termination date has been set. 2. for an indefinite period of time.
süreyazar (./..) chronograph.
Süreyya (..—) astr. the Pleiades, sürfe zool. larva.
sürfile overcasting, stitching made to prevent raveling. — makası pinking shears, sürgendoku (./..) bot. meristem, sürgit colloq. endlessly, interminably, forever.
    —      yapmak hi to continue (to do s.t.) forever, sürgü 1. bolt (of a door). 2. bolt (of a rifle). 3.
    bedpan. 4. plasterer’s trowel. 5. harrow. — kolu bolt handle (of a rifle), sürgüleme hi bolting (a door), sürgülemek hi to bolt (a door), sürgülenme (a door’s) being bolted, sürgülenmek (for a door) to be bolted, sürgülü 1. (door) which has been bolted. 2. (door) to which a bolt has been attached.
    —  cetvel (— hesap cetveli) slide rule. — pergel beam compass. — vana gate valve.
sürgün 1. exile, banishment. 2. (an) exile. 3. place of exile. 4. bot. shoot; sucker (of a plant). 5. diarrhea. — ağı a large cast net.
    —  avı see sürek avı. — etmek hi to exile.
    —  gitmek 1. /a/ to be exiled to. 2. to have diarrhea. — e gitmek to go into exile. — e göndermek hi to send (s.o.) into exile.
1 sürme 1. hi driving (a vehicle); pushing (a vehicle). 2. hi driving (an animal). 3. /i, a/ letting (one thing) touch (another). 4. hi plowing (a field). 5. h, 2lI exiling (s.o.) to (a place). 6. /i, a/ sending (soldiers) to (a place).
    7. h, slI putting (goods) on (the market); putting (money) into (circulation). 8. /i, a/ spreading (s.t.) on/over (s.t.); rubbing (s.t.) on (s.t.); smearing (s.t.) on (s.t.). 9. /ı, önüne/ laying (s.t.) before (s.o.), placing (s.t.) in front of (s.o.). 10. continuing, going on (of s.t.). 11. leading (a good life). 12. (a plant’s) putting forth new leaves/shoots, beginning to grow. 13. taking (a certain amount of time).
    14. latch (the catch of which is a bolt). 15. drawer (as in a chest of drawers). 16. sliding,
    (s.t.) which is adjusted by sliding: sürme kapı sliding door. 17. smut (on plants).
2sürme kohl, (göze) — çekmek to darken (one’s eyelids) with kohl. — yi gözden çekmek colloq. to be a very clever thief, sürmedan obs., see 2sürmelik. sürmek 1. hi to drive (a vehicle); to push (a vehicle). 2. hi to drive (an animal). 3. /i, a/ to let (one thing) touch (another): Elini oraya sürme! Don’t touch that bit over
                                                                                               sürtünme
   there! Atkını yere sürme! Don’t let your scarf touch the ground! 4. hi to plow (a field). 5. /i, a/ to exile (s.o.) to (a place). 6. /i, a/ to send (soldiers) to (a place). 7. /i, a/ to put (goods) on (the market); to put (money) into (circulation). 8. /i, a/ to spread (s.t.) on/over (s.t.); to rub (s.t.) on (s.t.); to smear (s.t.) on (s.t.). 9. /ı, önüne/ to lay (s.t.) before (s.o.), place (s.t.) in front of (s.o.). 10. (for s.t.) to continue, go on. 11. to lead (a good life): Adam orada son derece rahat bir hayat sürüyor. The fellow’s leading the life of Riley over there. 12. bot. (for a plant) to put forth new leaves/shoots, begin to grow. 13. (for s.t.) to take (a certain amount of time). Sür git dememişler, gör geç demişler, proverb Don’t make an issue out of every situation or action you don’t like, sürmeleme hi bolting (a door), sürmelemek hi to bolt (a door).
Sürmeli 1. (door) which has been bolted. 2. (door) which has a latch. 3. (table/cupboard) which has drawers. 4. (plant) infested with smut.
2sürmeli (eyes) blackened with kohl.
Sürmelik runner (for a drawer).
2sürmelik container for kohl, sürmemantarıgiller (./.....) bot. Ustilaginaceae. sürmenaj nervous breakdown, nervous prostration, neurasthenia. — olmak to have a nervous breakdown, sürmetaşı, -ni (./..) antimony, sürpriz surprise (a pleasant, unexpected event).
   —   yapmak /a/ to surprise (s.o.), give (s.o.) a surprise.
                                                            sürre the presents sent annually by the Ottoman sultan to Mecca and Medina. — devesi
   1.  camel in the caravan carrying the sürre to Mecca and Medina. 2. slang overdressed woman.
sürrealist, -ti 1. (a) surrealist. 2. surrealist, surrealistic, sürrealizm surrealism, sürşarj overprint, surcharge (on a stamp), sürtme 1. /ı, a/ rubbing (one thing) against (another) hard. 2. colloq. wandering about aimlessly. 3. slang a way of throwing dice. — ağı trawl, trawlnet. sürtmek 1. /i, a/ to rub (one thing) against (another) hard. 2. colloq. to wander about aimlessly. Sürt Allah sürt! colloq. So you just wander around with nothing to do but kill time!
                                                            sürtük 1. colloq. gadabout (woman). 2. off.
   streetwalker, hooker, prostitute, sürtüklük 1. colloq. gadding about, being a gadabout. 2. off. streetwalking, prostitution, sürtülme /a/ (of one thing) being rubbed against (another).
sürtülmek /a/ (for one thing) to be rubbed against (another), sürtünme 1. /a/ rubbing (of a part of one’s/its body) against (s.t.); /a/ rubbing o.s./itself
sürtünmek
 794
sürünme
                                                              against (s.t.). 2. phys. friction. 3. /a/ colloq. looking for an excuse to quarrel with (s.o.).
    4.    /a/ colloq. fawning over (s.o.). sürtünmek 1. /a/ (for a part of one’s/its body) to rub against (s.t.); /a/ to rub o.s./itself against (s.t.). 2. /a/ colloq. to look for an excuse to quarrel with (s.o.). 3. /a/ colloq. to fawn over (s.o.). sürtünüm elec. short circuit, short, sürtüşme 1. rubbing against each other. 2. irritating each other, vexing each other. 3. friction, conflict, sürtüşmek 1. to rub against each other. 2. to irritate each other, vex each other, sürtüştürme hi rubbing (two things) together, sürtüştürmek hi to rub (two things) together, sürür (.—) obs. joy, delight, sürü herd; flock, —den ayrılmak colloq. to go one’s own way, not to go along with the crowd, not to follow the herd, —den ayrilam kurt kapar, proverb A person who insists on going it alone is headed for trouble, —süne bereket colloq. a lot of, heaps of, a great many. — içgüdüsü the herd instinct.
    —     sepet colloq. the whole kit and caboodle, the whole lot: Sürü sepet geldiler. The whole kit and caboodle of them came. — sürü in droves, sürücü 1. driver (of a vehicle). 2. comp, drive.
    3.    drover. — belgesi driver’s license, sürücül zool. gregarious, sürücülük driving, being a driver, sürükleme 1. Ill dragging (s.t./s.o.) (along the ground). 2. /i, a/ dragging (s.o.) to (a place), forcing (s.o.) to go with one to (a place). 3. hi holding (one’s) attention, engrossing (one’s) attention. 4. /i, a/ dragging (s.o.) into (a bad situation), sürüklemek 1. hi to drag (s.t./s.o.) (along the ground). 2. /i, a/ to drag (s.o.) to (a place), force (s.o.) to go with one to (a place). 3. Ill to hold (one’s) attention, engross (one’s) attention. 4. /i, a/ to drag (s.o.) into (a bad situation).
sürüklendirme III allowing (s.t.) to drag on, letting (s.t.) go on for an indefinite length of time.
sürüklendirmek hi to allow (s.t.) to drag on, let (s.t.) go on for an indefinite length of time.
sürüklenme 1. being dragged. 2. dragging o.s. (along the ground). 3. dragging on, going on for an indefinite length of time, sürüklenmek 1. to be dragged. 2. to drag o.s. (along the ground). 3. (for s.t.) to drag on, go on for an indefinite length of time, sürükletme h, a/ having (s.o.) drag (s.t./s.o.). sürükletmek /i, a/ to have (s.o.) drag (s.t./s.o.). sürükleyici 1. engrossing, absorbing, fascinating. 2. hi (s.o.) who can rivet the attention of (s.o.).
                                                           sürülme 1. /a/ being driven (to). 2. /a/ being spread/rubbed/smeared on. 3. /a/ (of one
   thing) being allowed to touch (another). 4. being plowed. 5. /a/ being exiled to. 6. /önüne/ (of s.t.) being placed in front of (s.o.). 7. /a/ (of s.t.) being put on (the market); (of money) being put into (circulation). 8. /a/ (a soldier’s) being sent to, being dispatched to (a place), sürülmek 1. /a/ to be driven (to). 2. /a/ to be spread/rubbed/smeared on. 3. /a/ (for one thing) to be allowed to touch (another). 4. to be plowed. 5. /a/ to be exiled to. 6. /önüne/ (for s.t.) to be placed in front of (s.o.). 7. /a/ (for s.t.) to be put on (the market); (for money) to be put into (circulation). 8. /a/ (for*a soldier) to be sent to, be dispatched to (a place), sürüm 1. com. demand (for a commodity): Bu malm sürümü yok. This commodity’s not in demand. 2. circulation (of money), sürümdeğer (./..) com. current market value.
   —     ederi com. current market price, sürüme hi 1. dragging (s.t.) (along the ground).
   2.    letting (s.t.) drag (along the ground). 3. taking (s.t.) along with one. sürümek hi 1. to drag (s.t.) (along the ground).
   2.    to let (s.t.) drag (along the ground). 3. to take (s.t.) along with one. sürümlü com. (s.t.) which is in demand, which sells well, sürümlük (a) cosmetic.
sürüm sürüm (./ ..) used in: — süründürmek
   hi colloq. to make life very miserable for (s.o.), drive (s.o.) from pillar to post; to cause (s.o.) to come down in the world. — sürünmek colloq. to live a life of great misery, be driven from pillar to post, sürümsüz com. (s.t.) which is not in demand, which is hard to sell, sürünceme used in: — de bırakmak hi to leave (s.t. not yet completed) hanging in the air.
   —de kalmak (for s.t. not yet completed) to be left hanging in the air. süründürme hi 1. making life miserable for (s.o.), driving (s.o.) from pillar to post; causing (s.o.) to come down in the world. 2. needlessly putting off completing (a job); needlessly protracting (a job), süründürmek hi 1. to make life miserable for (s.o.), drive (s.o.) from pillar to post; to cause (s.o.) to come down in the world. 2. needlessly to put off completing (a job); needlessly to protract (a job), süründürülmek for (s.o.’s) life to be made miserable, (for s.o.) to be driven from pillar to post; to be made to come down in the world.
sürüngen 1. zool. reptant; creeping; crawling.
   2.    bot. repent, creeping. 3. zool. reptilian. 4. zool. (a) reptile. — sap bot. runner, sürüngenler zool. Reptilia. sürünme 1. crawling (along the ground). 2. /a/ rubbing against. 3. living a life of misery, being driven from pillar to post. 4. hi rubbing
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 süt
   (s.t.) on o.s.; dusting o.s. with (powder), sürünmek 1. to crawl (along the ground). 2. /a/ to rub against. 3. to live a life of misery, be driven from pillar to post. 4. hi to rub (s.t.) on o.s.; to dust o.s. with (powder): Pudra süründü. She dusted herself with powder.
sürür chem. red mercuric oxide, sürüşme rubbing/spreading/smearing (s.t.) on each other; rubbing/spreading/smearing (s.t.) on themselves, sürüşmek to rub/spread/smear (s.t.) on each other; to rub/spread/smear (s.t.) on themselves.
sürüştürme /ı, a/ rubbing/spreading/smearing (s.t.) slowly on; rubbing/spreading/smearing (s.t.) carelessly on. sürüştürmek /ı, a/ to rub/spread/smear (s.t.) slowly on; to rub/spread/smear (s.t.) carelessly on.
sürütme 1. /ı, a/ having (s.o.) drag (s.t./s.o.). 2. trawlnet, trawl. 3. troll (fishing line with its lure and hook used in trolling), sürütmek /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) drag (s.t./s.o.). sürveyan 1. supervisor (in a study hall/a factory). 2. lifeguard.
Süryani (.—.) 1. person whose mother tongue is Syriac. 2. Syrian Orthodox, member of the Syrian Orthodox church.
Süryanice (.— ..) 1. Syriac, the Syriac language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Syriac, Syriac.
   3.    Syriac (speech/writing); spoken in Syriac; written in Syriac, süs 1. (an) ornament, (a) decoration. 2. ornamentation. 3. ornamental display. — e düşkün 1. fond of elaborately decorated things. 2. (s.o.) who likes to get dolled up; dressy. — püs colloq. needless/worthless/excessive adornment; frippery, finery; tinsel, tinselry. (kendine) ... — ü vermek colloq. to act as if one is (s.t. one is not): Kendine çok tecrübeli bir doktor süsü veriyor. He’s acting as if he were a very experienced doctor, süsen bot. iris, Iris. — esansı orris oil, orris-root oil. — kökü orrisroot, orris, süsengüler bot. Iridaceae. süsleme 1. l\l decorating, ornamenting, adorning, embellishing. 2. hi decking (s.o.) out, dolling (s.o.) up. 3. Ill colloq. criticizing (s.o.) at length and to his/her face. 4. (an) ornament, (a) decoration. — sanatları decorative arts.
süslemek hi 1. to decorate, ornament, adorn, embellish. 2. to deck (s.o.) out, doll (s.o.) up. 3. colloq. to criticize (s.o.) at length and to his/her face, süsleyip püslemek hi to doll (s.o.) up fit to kill (used derogatorily). süslemeli decorated, ornamented, süslendirme hi having (s.o.) decked out, getting (s.o.) dolled up. süslendirmek hi to have (s.o.) decked out, get (s.o.) dolled up. süslenme 1. decking o.s. out, dolling o.s. up. 2.
                                                              being decorated, being ornamented, being adorned, being embellished, süslenmek 1. to deck o.s. out, doll o.s. up. 2. to be decorated, be ornamented, be adorned, be embellished, süslenip püslenmek to doll
    o.s. up fit to kill {used derogatorily). süsletme /ı, a/ having (s.o.) decorate/ornament/ adorn/embellish (s .t.). süsletmek /i, a/ to have (s.o.) decorate/ornament/adorn/embellish (s.t.). süslü 1. /la/ decorated with, ornamented with, adorned with, embellished with. 2. full of ornamentation; fancy, elaborate, ornate, dressy.
    3. (s.o.) who likes to get dolled up; dressy.
    —  püslü dolled up fit to kill (used derogatorily).
süslük knickknack, trinket, bibelot, süsme 111 prov. butting/goring (of a horned animal).
                                                               süsmek 111 prov. (for a horned animal) to butt;
    to gore, süspans suspense.
süspansiyon auto., chem. suspension, süssüz undecorated, not ornamented, unadorned, unembellished, plain, süt, -tü 1. milk. 2. latex; milky juice (of some plants). 3. slang gasoline, juice. 4. slang raki. —ten ağzı yanan yoğurdu üfleyerek yer. proverb Once bitten twice shy. — asidi lactic acid. — ayırıcı cream separator, separator, creamer, —üne bırakmak /ı, m/ colloq. to leave (a matter) to (s.o.) (in the hope that he/she will have the decency to do it properly). —ü bozuk colloq. (s.o.) who comes of bad stock, no-good, untrustworthy. — çalmak hi colloq. for spoiled/infected milk to make (a nursing baby) ill. —ü çekilmek /in/ (for a woman/a female animal) to stop producing milk, stop lactating. — çocuğu 1. nursing infant, unweaned baby. 2. colloq. naive, inexperienced person, babe in the woods. — damarları colloq., anat. lactiferous ducts. — danası veal, vealer, unweaned calf. — dökmüş kedi gibi colloq. 1. (s.o.) who looks shamefaced, who’s wearing a hangdog look, who has a guilty look on his/ her face. 2. shamefacedly, wearing a hangdog look, guiltily. — gibi colloq. spotlessly white and clean. —le giren huy, canla çıkar, proverb The temperament which one acquires as a small child will be the temperament one has all one’s life, —üne havale etmek /i, m/ colloq. to leave (a matter) to (s.o.) (in the hope that he/she will have the decency to do it properly), —üne kalmak Iml colloq. (for a matter) to be left to (s.o.) (in the hope that he/she will have the decency to do it properly). — kebabı a shish kebab made by roasting chunks of meat that have been parboiled in milk. — kesilmek for milk to sour/ go bad/go off. — kesimi weaning, —ten kesmek 111 to wean. — kuzusu 1. suckling lamb, unweaned lamb. 2. colloq. baby; very
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   young child, toddler, tot. 3. colloq. pampered, spoiled person. — şekeri lactose, milk sugar.
   —ü temiz colloq. (s.o.) who comes of good stock, decent, trustworthy. — tozu see süttozu. — vermek /a/ to suckle, nurse, breast -feed. — vurgunu 1. (baby) who’s become ill from drinking spoiled/infected milk. 2. baby who’s become ill from drinking spoiled/ infected milk, sütağacı, -m (/...) bot. cow tree, milk tree, Brosimum galactodendron. sütana (/..) see sütanne, sütanne (/..) 1. woman, not one’s mother, who breast-fed one (regarded as a sort of godmother). 2. wet nurse, sütbaba (.'..) husband of a sütanne (regarded as a sort of godfather). sütbaşı, -m (/..) cream (on top of milk), sütbeyaz (/..) 1. milk white, snow white. 2.
   milk-white, snow-white, sütçü milkman.
sütçülük 1. selling milk, being a milkman. 2.
   making and selling dairy products, sütdişi, -ni (/..) milk tooth, baby tooth, sütkardeş (/..) person one’s own age (and not one’s sibling) who was breast-fed by one’s mother or one’s sütanne, sütkırı, -m (/..) milk-white (horse), sütkızı, -m (/..) girl breast-fed by a sütanne (regarded as a sort of goddaughter). sütlaç a rice pudding.
sütleğen bot. spurge, euphorbia, Euphorbia. sütleğengiller bot. Euphorbiaceae. sütlek (animal) which gives a lot of milk, which is a good milker, sütlenme lactating, lactation; (a female animal’s) freshening, coming into milk, sütlenmek to lactate; (for a female animal) to freshen, come into milk, sütliman colloq. still and silent, halcyon, sütlimanlık colloq., see sütliman, sütlü 1. (food) made with milk; (food) to which milk has been added, milky. 2. (animal) which gives a lot of milk, which is a good milker. 3. young, full (ear of grain). — kakao hot chocolate, cocoa. — mısır 1. roasting ear, green corn (ready to be cooked). 2. corn on the cob, roasting ear. — yü sürüden çıkarmazlar, proverb A useful person/thing won’t be weeded out. sütlüce 1. bot. buttercup, Ranunculus. 2. (food) to which a little milk has been added, slightly milky, sütlüot, -tu (./.) bot. sea milkwort, Glaux mari-tima.
sütmavisi, -ni (/—..) 1. (a) very pale blue. 2.
^ very pale blue (thing), sütnine (/..) 1. middle-aged wet nurse. 2. middle-aged woman, not one’s mother, who breast-fed one (regarded as a sort of godmother).
sütoğul, -ğlu (/..) boy breast-fed by a sütanne
   (regarded as a sort of godson).
sütotu, -nu (/..) bot. milkwort, Poly gala. sütotugiller (/....) bot. Polygalaceae. sütölçer (/..) lactometer, sütre mil. cover, position/situation affording protection from enemy fire, sütsü chem. emulsion.
sütsüz 1. (food) made without milk; (food) to which no milk has been added. 2. (animal) which gives little/no milk; dry. 3. milkless.
   4.     (ear of grain) whose kernels have become dry and tough. 5. colloq. (s.o.) who comes of bad stock, no-good, untrustworthy. — koyun meleğen olur, proverb A person who’s always griping about this and that is someone who never accomplishes anything positive, süttozu, -nu (/..) powdered milk, dried milk, sütun 1. arch, column; pillar; post, prop. 2. column (on a page). 3. column (of writing, as in a newspaper). — başlığı arch, capital of a column. — gövdesi arch, shaft of a column, fust. — kaidesi/kürsüsü arch, base of a column, plinth, sütür med. suture.
sütyolları, -ni (/...) anat. lactiferous ducts, mammary ducts, ductus lactiferi. sütyüzü, -nü (/..) prov. the skin which forms on the surface of boiled milk, süvari (.—.) 1. cavalryman. 2. horseman, rider.
   3.  captain (of a ship). — polisi mounted policeman.
süvarilik (.— ..) 1. being a cavalryman; duties of a cavalryman. 2. horsemanship. 3. being the captain of a ship; duties of a captain; captainship; captaincy, süve see söve. süveter sweater.
süveyda (..—) obs., bot, 1. endosperm. 2. peri-sperm.
süveyk, -ki obs., bot. pedicel; peduncle; tigella. Süveyş Suez. — Kanalı the Suez Canal, süyek med. splint (as for a broken bone), süyekleme III med. splinting, putting a splint on.
süyeklemek h! med. to splint, put a splint on. süyüm prov. enough thread to thread a needle, süzdürme /i, a/ having (s.o.) strain/filter (s.t.). süzdürmek /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) strain/filter (s.t.). süzdürüm dialysis.
süzek 1. prov. strainer; filter. 2. cin. diffuser (a piece of tulle used to soften a beam of light).
   —      yoğurdu see süzme yoğurt, süzeni a kind of embroidery, süzgeç 1. strainer; colander. 2. filter. 3. phot.
                                                             color filter, light filter. — kâğıdı filter paper, süzgeçgagalılar (./....) zool. Lamellirostres. süzgeçli 1. provided with a filter. 2. having a spout with a perforated nozzle. — kova watering can, watering pot, sprinkling can. süzgü prov. 1. strainer; colander. 2. filter. 3.
                                                             watering can, watering pot, sprinkling can. süzgün 1. (eyes) whose lids are languorously lowered. 2. languorous, languishing (look).
   3.  thin, gaunt, haggard.
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süzgünlük 1. thinness, gauntness, haggardness.
   2. drowsiness, süzme 1. Ill straining; filtering, filtration; straining (the residue) out of (a liquid); percolation. 2. hi giving (s.o.) the once-over, giving (s.o.) an appraising glance. 3. hi lowering (one’s eyelids) languorously. 4. strained; filtered. 5. slang very tricky person, fox. — yoğurt yogurt which has been strained until it has reached the consistency of cream cheese.
süzmek hi 1. to strain; to filter; to strain (the residue) out of (a liquid): Sirkenin tortusunu süzdü. He strained the sediment out of the vinegar. 2. to give (s.o.) the once-over, give (s.o.) an appraising glance. 3. to lower (one’s eyelids) languorously: Gözlerini süzdü. She let her eyelids droop languorously, süzülme 1. being strained; being filtered. 2. running, flowing. 3. gliding. 4. walking in a coquettish manner; behaving coquettishly (refers to bodily movements and facial ex-
    pressions). 5. (of one’s eyes) having a languorous look in them. 6. (of one’s eyes) being about to close (owing to drowsiness).
   7.     getting thin, losing weight and strength, süzülmek 1. to be strained; to be filtered. 2. to run, flow. 3. to glide. 4. to walk in a coquettish manner; to behave coquettishly (refers to bodily movements and facial expressions).
    5.    (for one’s eyes) to have a languorous look in them. 6. (for one’s eyes) to be about to close (owing to drowsiness). 7. (for s.o.) to get thin, lose weight and strength, süzüm süzüm (./ ..) used in: — süzülmek to walk in a very coquettish manner; to behave very coquettishly (refers to bodily movements and facial expressions). süzüntü 1. filtrate, liquid passed through a filter.
   2. residue (left after filtration), svastika swastika.
Svaziland 1. Swaziland. 2. Swaziland, of Swaziland.
Svazilandlı 1. (a) Swazi. 2. Swazi (person).
Ş
Ş the letter Ş (the twenty-third letter of the Turkish alphabet).
Şaban (■—.) Sha’ban (the eighth month of the Muslim calendar), şaban (-—.) slang 1. stupid, dumb, nitwitted. 2.
    dumbbell, nitwit, fool, şabanlaşma (—...) slang getting stupid; starting to act like a nitwit, şabanlaşmak (—...) slang to get stupid; to start to act like a nitwit, şabanlık (—..) slang stupidity, nitwittedness, şablon 1. stenciling ruler; stenciling pattern. 2. pattern, template, templet, former. 3. gauge, gage.
şad (—) happy; joyful. — olmak to be happy; to rejoice.
şadan (--------) obs. happy; joyful.
şadırdama plashing (of water), şadırdamak (for water) to plash, şadırtı plash, plashing (of water), şadırvan fountain (used for ritual ablutions and usually located in the middle of a mosque courtyard), şafak dawn, morning twilight, light which comes before sunrise. «— atmak 1. /da/ colloq. for the truth suddenly to dawn on (s.o.). 2. for dawn to break. — sökmek for dawn to break.
Şafii (—.—) Islam 1. (a) Shafi’i, (a) Shafi’ite.
    2.    Shafi’i, Shafi’ite, of the Shafi’is. — köpeğine dönmek off. 1. (for s.o.) to be covered with grime, be as grubby as can be. 2. (for s.o.’s face) to be garishly made-up. — köpeği gibi titremek off. to shake like a leaf. Şafiilik (—.—.) the Shafi’i school of Islamic law.
şaft, -ti mech. shaft, şaful small wooden container for honey, şagren 1. shagreen (a leather). 2. shagreen, made of shagreen.
*şah used in: —a kalkmak (for a horse) to rear, rear up, stand up on its hind legs.
2şah 1. shah. 2. chess king. (Ben) — ımı bu kadar severim, colloq. I’ll help my chief only this much. — iken şahbaz olmak colloq. 1. (for s.o. in a bad situation) to get in an even worse one. 2. (for a physically ugly person) to get even uglier, şahadet, -ti (.—.) 1. witnessing, witness, testifying, attestation. 2. (a Muslim’s) dying in battle; martyrdom. 3. the Islamic confession of faith (“There is no got but God, and Muhammad is His prophet.”). — te bulunmak
   to bear witness, testify. — getirmek to repeat the Islamic confession of faith. —-e nail olmak (for a Muslim) to die in battle; to die a martyr.
şahadetname (.—.— .) 1. diploma. 2. certificate, şahadetparmağı, -ni (.—/...) index finger, forefinger.
şahane (— —.) 1. magnificent, superb, splendid. 2. obs. imperial, pertaining to a shah, şahap obs., astr. shooting star, fireball, şahbaz 1. zool. a large white falcon, Falco. 2.
   brave, courageous, heroic (man), şahdamarı, -ni (/...) anat. (right/left) carotid artery. — ndan yakın olmak /a/ colloq. to be a very close friend of (s.o.). şaheser (—..) 1. masterpiece, masterwork, magnum opus, chef d’oeuvre. 2. of the highest quality, very great, magnificent, şahım, -hmi obs. suet, şâhıs (—.) obs. leveling rod, surveyor’s rod. şahıs, -hsı 1. person, individual. 2. (a) character (in a play). 3. gram, person. — zamiri gram. personal pronoun, şahika (—..) obs. summit, apex, şahin (—.) zool. falcon, Falco; Brit. buzzaVd, Buteo buteo. — bakışlı colloq. (s.o.) whose glance is sharp and piercing. — ile deve avlanmaz. proverb (You can’t hunt camels with falcons.) The means must be appropriate to the task. — küçüktür, ama koca turnayı havadan indirir, proverb Don’t look askance at something merely because it’s small, şahit (—.) witness, eyewitness. — olmak /a/ to witness.
şahitlik (—..) witnessing, testifying; being a witness. — etmek to testify, şahkartal (/..) zool. imperial eagle, Aquila he-liaca.
şahlandırma /ı/ making (a horse) rear up. şahlandırmak i\l to make (a horse) rear up. şahlanma 1. rearing, rearing up (of a horse), standing up on its hind legs. 2. becoming angry and threatening, şahlanmak 1. (for a horse) to rear, rear up, stand up on its hind legs. 2. (for s.o.) to become angry and threatening, şahlık shahdom. — idaresi government by a shah, imperial rule, şahmerdan mech. 1. drop press; punch press;
   drop hammer. 2. pile driver, şahniş obs. bay window, şahnişin (..—) obs., see şahniş, şahrem şahrem (./ ..) 1. (being) covered with
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    cracks. 2. (flaking off) all over. 3. (coming apart) in strips/shreds, şahsen (/.) 1. personally, for my part. 2. in person, personally. 3. (knowing s.o.) by sight only.
şahsi (.—) personal, private (matter). — eşya personal effects. — hal law status, standing (of a person), şahsiyat, -ti personal matters, private affairs.
    (işi) —a dökmek to turn the conversation into a critical attack on someone, —a dökülmek (for a discussion) to turn into a criticism of someone, şahsiyet, -ti 1. personality. 2. individuality. 3. personage, important person. — hakları law personal rights, şahsiyetli (s.o.) who has a distinctive personality; (s.o.) possessing style, şahsiyetsiz (s.o.) who lacks a distinctive personality; styleless. şahtere bot. fumitory, Fumaria officinalis. şahteregiller bot. Fumariaceae. şaibe (—..) grave moral flaw, blot, stain (on one’s character), şaibeli (—...) (s.o.) who possesses a major flaw in his/her character, şair (—.) poet.
şairane (—.— .) 1. poetic, poetical. 2. poetically.
şaire (—..) obs. poetess.
şairlik (—..) being a poet, poetship.
                                                            ’şak, -ki used to imitate a sharp cracking!slapping sound: Şak diye yüzüne bir tokat attı.
    She gave him a resounding slap on the face.
2şak, -kki obs. 1. splitting, cracking, fission. 2.
    split, crack, fissure, şaka joke, jest; gag; witticism, quip, —ya almak h! colloq. to regard (s.t. serious) as a joke. —-ya boğmak/dökmek h! colloq. to turn (s.t.) into a joke. — etmek to kid someone, kid, joke. — ya gelmemek colloq. 1. not to be able to take a joke. 2. (for s.t.) to be no joking matter, be very serious. — ya getirmek III colloq. to speak of (a serious matter) as if it were a joke. — gibi gelmek /a/ colloq. (for s.t.) to seem like a joke to (s.o.).
    (iş) — götürmemek colloq. to be no joking matter. — iken kaka olmak colloq. for something that began as a joke to turn into a quarrel; for a joke to backfire. — kaldırmak colloq. to be able to take a joke. — maka derken .... colloq. At first we thought it was a joke (but later we discovered it was serious).: Şaka maka derken gerçekten oldu. What looked like a joke has now become a reality, —-nm sonu kakadır, proverb What starts out as a joke can end up as a quarrel.
    —  söylemek to joke, say something in fun.
    —ya vurmak III colloq. to pretend to take (s.t.) as a joke, —si yok. colloq. 1. He’s/ She’s not to be trifled with ./He’s/She’s dead serious. 2. It’s no laughing matter, şakacı 1. joker, person given to joking. 2. jokey, given to joking.
                                                                                          şaklabanlık
                                                          şakacıktan (/...) 1. as a joke, jokingly, in jest.
   2. (doing s.t. serious) pretending all the while that it’s a joke: Şakacıktan onu epey hırpaladılar. They roughed him up pretty badly, pretending all the while that it was a joke.
   3. unwittingly, inadvertently.
şakacılık being a joker, joking, tendency to make jokes, şakadan as a joke, jokingly, in jest, şakak anat. temple, —lan atmak Iml for the veins in s.o.’s temples to pulse/throb (owing to anger/agitation). — kemikleri anat. temporal bones, şakalaşma joking with one another, şakalaşmak to joke with one another, şakasız not in jest, not as a joke, seriously, şakayık, -kı/-ğı (.—.) bot. peony, Brit, paeony, Paeonia.
şakayıkgiller (.—...) bot. PaeoniaceaelRanuncu-laceae.
şakıma warbling/trilling/singing (of a bird), şakımak (for a bird) to warble; to trill; to sing, şakırdama 1. beating/drumming/pattering (of a heavy rain); pattering/plashing (of swiftly flowing water). 2. jingling. 3. rattling, clattering; clacking. 4. snapping (of fingers), making a snapping sound; cracking (of a whip), making a cracking sound. 5. warbling; trilling; singing, şakırdamak 1. (for a heavy rain) to beat, drum, patter; (for swiftly flowing water) to patter, plash. 2. to jingle. 3. to rattle, clatter; to clack. 4. (for fingers) to snap, make a snapping sound; (for a whip) to crack, make a cracking sound. 5. to warble; to trill; to sing, şakırdatma hi 1. jingling. 2. rattling, clattering; clacking. 3. snapping (one’s fingers); cracking (a whip), şakırdatmak hi 1. to jingle. 2. to rattle, clatter; to clack. 3. to snap (one’s fingers); to crack (a whip).
şakır şakır (./ ..) 1. with a patter, with a pattering sound. 2. snapping one’s fingers (while dancing). 3. with a jingle/a rattle/a clack. 4. (singing) with warbles/trills. 5. (speaking) fluently.
                                                          şakır şukur (./ ..) with a rattle, clatteringly;
   with a clack, şakırtı 1. drumming, patter (of a heavy rain); patter, plash (of swiftly flowing water). 2. rattle, clatter; clack. 3. jingle. 4. snap, crack, pop.
şakıt, -ti zool. moray eel, Muraena Helena. şaki (.—) obs. brigand, robber, şakilik (.—.) obs. brigandage, şakir (—.) obs. thankful, grateful, şakirt (—*..) obs. 1. student. 2. trainee, şakkadak (/..) all of a sudden, suddenly, şaklaban 1. (person) who tries to keep everyone amused, who sets out to amuse everyone.
   2.    sycophantic (person), şaklabanlık 1. (an) action meant to amuse others. 2. setting out to keep others amused.
 şaklama                                            800
    3.    toadying, sycophancy, şaklama making a loud cracking sound, cracking, popping, snapping, şaklamak to make a loud cracking sound, crack, pop,snap.
şaklatma hi cracking, snapping, causing (s.t.)
    to make a cracking sound, şaklatmak 111 to crack, snap, cause (s.t.) to make a cracking sound, şakrak merry, mirthful; bubbling over with gaiety.
şakrakkuşu, -nu (..'..) zool. bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula. şakraklık merriness, mirthfulness, şakrama warbling; trilling; singing, şakramak to warble; to trill; to sing, şakşak 1. slapstick (a wooden rattle used by an ortaoyuncu/a juggler/a prestidigitator/a magician). 2. sound of applause. 3. applause, clapping.
şakşakçı 1. sycophant, toady. 2. sycophantic, toadying, şakşakçılık toadying, sycophancy, şakşuka a dish made with peppers, onions, and eggs.
şakul, -lü (—.) obs. plumb line, şakuli (—) oZw. perpendicular, şakulleme (—...) ill obs. 1. checking (a vertical piece) with a plumb line, plumb-lining, plumbing. 2. sounding (s.o.) out. şakullemek (—...) hi obs. 1. to check (a vertical piece) with a plumb line, plumb-line, plumb. 2. to sound (s.o.) out. şal 1. shawl. 2. a woolen fabric. — deseni paisley, shawl pattern. — örneği (cloth/ garment) decorated with a paisley or shawl motif (found originally in cashmere shawls), şalak prov. stunted, improperly developed melon.
şalaki (..—) a woolen fabric, şale chalet.
                                                            şalgam 1. bot. rutabaga, Brit, swede, Brassica napobrassica. 2. bot. turnip, Brassica rapa.
   3.  slang dolt.
şali (------) 1. mohair, Angora (as a fabric). 2.
    cashmere (as a fabric), şallak prov. naked. — mallak stark naked, şalopa (./.) naut., see şalupa. şal tak prov. rowdy and quarrelsome, şalter elec. switch; commutator; breaker; circuit breaker.
şalumo 1. blowgun, blowpipe. 2. blowtorch, şalupa (./.) naut. sloop, şalümo 1. mus. chalumeau. 2. drinking straw, şalvar baggy trousers, shalwar. — gibi colloq.
   very baggy (trousers).
Şam 1. Damascus. 2. Damascene, of Damascus, şama (/.) wick coated with wax. şamalı (/..) (s.t.) made with wax-coated wick-ing. — kibrit vesta match, şamama (./.) bot. muskmelon, Cucumis melo.
    —     gibi colloq. small, cute-looking (person), şaman shaman.
                                                                                      şangırdama
şamandıra (./..) 1. naut. buoy, float. 2. float (of the ball cock of a toilet), toilet float. 3. cork float (to which the wick of a primitive oil lamp is attached), şamanizm see şamanlık. şamanlık shamanism.
şamar colloq. a slap on the face. — atmak /a/ to give (s.o.) a slap on the face. — oğlanı whipping boy, scapegoat. — yemek to get a slap on the face, get slapped on the face, şamarlama hi colloq. slapping (s.o.) on the face.
şamarlamak 111 colloq. to slap (s.o.) on the face, şamata colloq. commotion, clamor, uproar, brouhaha, hullaballoo. — yapmak to make a commotion, şamatacı colloq. noisy, boisterous, rambunctious (person), şamatalı colloq. noisy, clamorous, şambaba (/..) 1. a syrupy, spongy cake. 2. colloq. a father who has no authority over his family.
şambrfort, -tu strong room, vault (for the safekeeping of valuables), şambriyel auto, inner tube (of a tire), şambrnuar phot, darkroom, şamdan 1. candlestick; candelabrum. 2. slang friend. — külahı candlesnuffer. şamdancı maker/seller of candlesticks, şamfıstığı, -ni (/...) 1. pistachio nut, pistachio.
   2. bot. pistachio tree, Pistacia vera. şamil (—.) obs. 1. /a/ (s.t.) which includes/ covers/affects. 2. broadly comprehensive, all-inclusive. — olmak /a/ to include, take in, cover, affect, şamme obs. the sense of smell, smell, şampanya (./.) champagne. — rengi 1. champagne (as a color). 2. champagne-colored, şampinyon mushroom, champignon (as a food), şampiyon 1. (a) champion. 2. champion (person/ team).
şampiyona championship competition/match, championship, şampiyonluk 1. being a champion. 2. championship competition/match, championship, şampuan shampoo, şampuanlama 111 shampooing, şampuanlamak hi to shampoo, şamua 1. zool. chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra. 2. chamois (as a leather/a color). 3. chamois, made of chamois.
*şan glory, illustriousness, reputation; renown. —ına düşmek Iml see şanına yakışmak, —ına layık Iml (s.t.) which befits someone’s station/dignity; (s.t.) which befits. — mdan olmak İmi to befit (s.o.). —mdan saymak /i, ml to regard (s.t.) as being a thing which befits (s.o.). (dünyaya) — vermek to achieve renown. — ına yakışmak Iml to befit (s.o.’s) station/dignity; to befit.
2şan singing (as an art). — resitali recital given by a vocalist, şangırdama crashing, making a sound of crash-
şangırdamak
 801
şarap
    ing/smashing/shattering (as of breaking glass).
şangırdamak to crash, make a sound of crashing/smashing/shattering (as of breaking glass).
şangır şungur (./ ..) (glass breaking) with a crash/smash, with a sound of crashing/ smashing.
şangırtı crash, smash (of glass breaking), şanjan iridescent, shot, changeable, chatoyant (fabric).
şanjanlı colloq. iridescent, shot, changeable, chatoyant (fabric), şanjman auto., mech. gearbox. — kolu gearshift lever; gearshift stick, shift stick. — kutusu gearbox, şankr path, chancre.
şanlı glorious, illustrious; renowned. — şöhretli
    1.    illustrious and famous. 2. (person) who has an imposing appearance, impressive -looking, şano (/.) theat. stage.
şans luck. — ı dönmek /in/ for (s.o.’s) luck to turn, take a turn (for the better/worse). — eseri by sheer luck. — tanımak /a/ to give (s.o.) a chance, give (s.o.) a break. —ı yaver gitmek to have good luck, for things to be going (one’s) way. şansız 1. lacking in glory/illustriousness; un-renowned. 2. prov. shabbily/sloppily dressed, şanslı lucky, fortunate, şanslılık luckiness.
şansölye chancellor (holder of a political office), şanssız unlucky, unfortunate, şanssızlık unluckiness, bad luck, misfortune, şantaj blackmail, extortion. — yapmak /a/ to blackmail, şantajcı blackmailer, extortionist, şantiye 1. construction site. 2. hut at a construction site used by the construction supervisor. 3. supply shed at a construction site.
    4.    shipyard, şantör male singer, chanteur. şantöz female singer, chanteuse. şantug see şantung. şantuk see şantung. şantung, -gu shantung (a fabric), şanzıman auto., mech., see şanjman.
’şap, -pi chem. alum. Ş— Denizi the Red Sea.
    —      gibi colloq. very salty. — gibi kalmak/ donmak colloq. to be dumbfounded. — hastalığı foot-and-mouth disease, hoof-and -mouth disease. — ile şeker bir değil.proverb Two things or two people may look alike and yet in all other respects be as different as chalk from cheese. — kayışı very tough leather strap. — kesilmek colloq. 1. to become as bitter as gall (in taste). 2. to be dumbfounded, —a oturmak colloq. to get in a quandary, get in a pickle, -—a sokmak l\l colloq. to put (s.o.) in a very difficult position, make things difficult for (s.o.). 2şap smack, smacking sound (made when kiss-
   ing).
şapçı slang pederast, şapçılık slang pederasty, şapel chapel.
şapırdama making a smacking sound, smacking.
şapırdamak to make a smacking sound, smack, şapırdatma hi smacking (one’s lips), şapırdatmak hi to smack (one’s lips), şapır şapır (./ ..) (kissing/eating) smacking one’s lips loudly, şapır şupur (./ ..) see şapır şapır, şapırtı smack, smacking sound, şapka (.'.) 1. (brimmed/visored) hat. 2. chimney cap, chimney cowl; chimney pot. 3. naut. truck (on a ship’s mast). 4. bot. cap, pileus (of a mushroom). 5. gram, circumflex accent, circumflex, şapkacı (/..) maker/seller of hats, hatter, şapkacılık (/...) making/selling hats, şapkalı (/..) 1. (s.o.) who is wearing a hat, hatted. 2. bot. pileate, having a pileus. 3. gram. circumflexed, marked with a circumflex, şapkalık (/..) 1. hat rack, hatstand. 2. (material) for making hats, şapkalımaymun (/....) zool. bonnet monkey, bonnet macaque, capped macaque, crown monkey, Macaca radiata. şaplak (a) resounding slap.
’şaplama hi treating (s.t.) with alum.
2şaplama (of a slap/a kiss) landing with a smack.
’şaplamak hi to treat (s.t.) with alum. 2şaplamak (for a slap/a kiss) to land with a smack.
’şaplatma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) treat (s.t.) with alum.
2şaplatma 1. hi causing (s.t.) to smack loudly. 2. /i, a/ giving (s.o.’s face) (a resounding slap).
’şaplatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) treat (s.t.) with alum.
2şaplatmak 1. hi to cause (s.t.) to smack loudly. 2. /i, a/ to give (s.o.’s face) (a resounding slap).
şappadak (.'..) colloq. all of a sudden, suddenly, şaprak saddlecloth, shabrack, şapşal colloq. 1. (person) who dresses sloppily, who pays no attention to his/her appearance, slovenly dressed. 2. (garment/shoe) which is far too big for its wearer. 3. stupid, lunk-headed.
şapşalak colloq. untidy, sloppy (person), şapşallık colloq. 1. sloppiness, slovenliness (in dress). 2. (a garment’s/a shoe’s) being far too big for its wearer. 3. lunkheaded action, şaptaşı, -ni (/..) a coral found in the Red Sea. şarabi (.— —) wine-red, wine-colored, şarampol, -lü shoulder (of a road), şarap wine, —tan bozma sirke keskin olur. proverb Someone who’s held himself/herself in check for years and then started to live a wild life will behave more wildly
şarapçı
802
şartsız
    than the person who’s always lived in a mad way. — bardağı see şarap kadehi. — fıçısı wine cask. — kadehi wineglass. — mahzeni wine cellar. — rengi see şarap-rengi. — tortusu rengi bordeaux, bordeaux red, claret, claret red. şarapçı 1. maker/seller of wine. 2. (person) who loves wine. 3. (s.o.) addicted to wine.
    4.     wine-lover. 5. wino. şarapçılık 1. making/selling wine. 2. addiction to wine.
şaraphane (..— .) 1. winery. 2. wineshop, wine-house, şarapnel shrapnel.
şaraprengi, -ni (./..) 1. wine red (as a color).
    2. wine-colored, şarbon path, anthrax, charbon. şarıldama splashing (of water), flowing with a splashing sound, şarıldamak (for water) to splash, flow with a splashing sound, şarıl şarıl (./ ..) (water’s flowing) with a splashing sound, splashingly. şarıltı splash, splashing sound, şarj 1. elec. charging (of a battery). 2. electric charge. 3. soccer rush. — etmek III ter charge (a battery).
şarje elec. 1. charging (a battery). 2. charged (battery). — etmek III to charge (a battery), şarjör cartridge clip, clip, charger (of an auto-s matic weapon).
                               Şark 1. the East; the Orient. 2. Eastern; Oriental, şark, -ki 1. the east. 2. the East; the Orient. 3.
                               eastern. 4. Eastern; Oriental, şarkadak (/..) colloq. 1. with a thump, with a whop. 2. with a resounding crack/pop. şarkçıbanı, -m (/...) path. Aleppo boil, Aleppo button, Bagdad boil, Bagdad button, Oriental sore (cutaneous leishmaniasis), şarkı song. — söylemek/okumak to sing; to sing a song. — sözü lyrics, words of a song.
    —      sözü yazarı lyricist, one who writes the words for songs, şarkıcı 1. professional singer. 2. colloq. songwriter.
şarkıcılık 1. singing, being a professional singer.
    2.     colloq. song writing, being a songwriter, şarki (.—) obs. eastern, east; pertaining to, situated in, or coming from the east, şarkiyat, -ti Oriental studies, Orientalism, şarkiyatçı Orientalist.
Şarklı Easterner; Oriental, şarklı 1. easterner, person who comes from the eastern part of a place. 2. Easterner; Oriental. 3. Eastern/Oriental (person), şarklılık 1. being an Easterner. 2. Oriental character, Oriental quality, şarküteri delicatessen.
şarlama splashing (of water), flowing with a splashing sound, şarlamak (for water) to splash, flow with a splashing sound, şarlatan 1. charlatan, fraud, cheat. 2. (person)
   who is a charlatan, şarlatanlık charlatanry, şarpi naut. sharpie (a sailboat), şar şar (/ .) (water’s flowing) with a splashing sound, splashingly. şart, -ti condition, provision, stipulation, —a bağlamak hi to make (s.t.) contingent on (s.t.). — etmek hi to swear (to do or not to do s.t.) by all that one holds dear. — koşmak/koymak /ı/ to lay (s.t.) down as a condition. — olmak to be obligatory, be mandatory, be imperative. — olsun! colloq. (May I be divorced from my wife if this is not true!) I swear by all I hold dear that this is true! — şurt tanımamak to refuse to be bound by any condition/stipulation, şartlama hi 1. cleansing (s.t. that has become ritually unclean) by washing it three times in succession. 2. colloq. giving (s.t.) a good washing/scrubbing. şartlamak hi 1. to cleanse (s.t. that has become ritually unclean) by washing it three times in succession. 2. colloq. to give (s.t.) a good was h i ng/scrubbing. şartlandırma h! psych, conditioning (s.o./an animal) to respond in a certain way, causing (s.o./an animal) to become conditioned, şartlandırmak hi psych, to condition (s.o./an animal) to respond in a certain way, cause (s.o./an animal) to become conditioned, şartlanma 1. psych, being conditioned, being trained to respond in a certain way. 2. (of s.t. ritually unclean) being cleansed by being washed three times in succession. 3. colloq. being given a good washing/scrubbing, şartlanmak 1. psych, to be conditioned, be trained to respond in a certain way. 2. (for s.t. ritually unclean) to be cleansed by being washed three times in succession. 3. colloq. to be given a good washing/scrubbing, şartlaşma 1. agreeing on or discussing the conditions to be laid down. 2. document listing the terms of a contract, şartlaşmak to agree on or discuss the conditions to be laid down, şartlı 1. subject to or dependent on certain conditions, conditional. 2. psych, conditioned to respond in a certain way, conditioned. 3. (s.t. ritually unclean) which has been cleansed by being washed three times in succession. 4. (husband) who has sworn something by saying “Şart olsun!” — refleks psych, conditioned reflex/response, şartname (.—.) document listing the terms of a contract, şartröz chartreuse (a liqueur).
Şartrözlü 1. (a) Carthusian. 2. Carthusian (monk/nun), şartsız 1. not subject to any condition, unconditional. 2. psych, unconditioned (action). 3. phil. categorical, categoric. 4. (s.t.) that has not been ritually cleansed by being washed three times in succession. — refleks psych.
 şaryo                                               803
    unconditioned reflex/response, şaryo (/.) mech. carriage (of a typewriter), şasi chassis (of an automobile, machine, etc.). şaşaa (—..) 1. glitter; brilliance; splendor, resplendence. 2. splendor, pomp, dazzle, şaşaalı (—...) 1. glittering; brilliant. 2. splendid, resplendent; grand; pompous; dazzling, şaşakalma (./..) /a/.being left dumbfounded (by).
şaşakalmak (./..) /a/ to be left dumbfounded (by).
şaşalama being bewildered; being confused, şaşalamak to be bewildered; to be confused, şaşı cross-eyed. — bakmak 1. to be cross-eyed.
    2. to cross one’s eyes. 3. slang (for an automobile) to have only one of its headlights burning.
şaşılama prov., see şaşılaşma.
şaşılamak prov., see şaşılaşmak.
şaşılası strange, odd.
şaşılaşma getting cross-eyed.
şaşılaşmak to get cross-eyed.
şaşılık strabismus; cross-eye; squint, esotropia.
şaşılma being bewildered; being confused.
şaşılmak impersonal passive to be bewildered;
    to be confused, şaşırma 1. being bewildered; being confused; being surprised; being at a loss as to what to say/do. 2. /i/ not knowing (what to say/ do). 3. h! forgetting (what day it is). 4. hi losing (one’s way). 5. making a mistake, şaşırmak 1. to be bewildered; to be confused; to be surprised; to be at a loss as to what to say/do. 2. hi not to know (what to say/do).
    3. hi to forget (what day it is). 4. hi to lose (one’s way). 5. to make a mistake.
şaşırtma 1. hi bewildering (s.o.); confusing (s.o.). 2. transplanting of seedlings, şaşırtmaca 1. action/speech meant to confuse someone (usually done/spoken in fun). 2. designed to confuse, şaşırtmak hi 1. to bewilder; to confuse. 2. to transplant (seedlings), şaşkaloz slang 1. cross-eyed. 2. bewildered;
    confused; lost in a fog. şaşkın 1. bewildered; confused; at a loss as to what to say/do. 2. stupid, silly, —a çevirmek hi colloq. to bewilder/confuse (s.o.) utterly.
    —a dönmek colloq. to be utterly bewildered/ confused. — misafir ev sahibini ağırlar. proverb, see Ahmak misafir ev sahibini ağırlar. — ördek başını bırakır, kıçından dalar, proverb (The confused duck dives tail first.) A confused person will try to do things backwards.
                                                            şaşkınlaşma becoming bewildered/confused, şaşkınlaşmak to become bewildered/confused, şaşkınlık bewilderment; confusion, —a uğramak to become bewildered/confused, şaşma 1. /a/ being amazed at, being astonished at. 2. /dan/ departing from (a way of behavior). 3. making a mistake, being mistaken.
    4. hi (a missile’s/a blow’s) missing (its ob-
                                                                                                         şecere
    ject). 5. hi losing (one’s way). 6. hi forgetting (what day it is). 7. (of s.t.) not taking place at its usual time, şaşmak 1. /a/ to be amazed at, be astonished at. 2. /dan/ to depart from (a way of behavior). 3. to make a mistake, be mistaken.
    4.    hi (for a missile/a blow) to miss (its object). 5. /i/ to lose (one’s way). 6. hi to forget (what day it is). 7. (for s.t.) not to take place at its usual time, şaşmaz (s.t.) which won’t lead one astray;
    very reliable; infallible, şat, -ti naut. a kind of lighter, şataf obs. bevel, sloping plane, şatafat, -ti ostentation, show, display, splendiferousness.
şatafatlı ostentatious, showy, splendiferous.
şataflı obs. beveled.
şatır (—.) obs. merry, in good spirits.
şato (/.) castle, château.
şatobriyan cookery châteaubriand.
Şattülarap geog. the Shatt-al-Arab. şavalak colloq. stupid, slow-witted, dense, thick, şavk, -ki prov. light, sunlight, şavkıma prov. giving off light, shining, şavkımak prov. to give off light, shine, şayak a woolen fabric.
şayan (--------) /a/ obs. worthy of, meriting, de-
    serving (s.t.). —i dikkat notable, remarkable, —i hayret astonishing, astounding, amazing, —i hürmet worthy of respect. — ı itimat trustworthy. — ı merhamet deserving of mercy; pitiful. —ı takdir worthy of esteem, estimable, şayet (—if by chance, if perchance, şayi, -ii (— —) obs. 1. generally known, widespread. 2. law shared in common. — olmak to become generally known, şayia (—..) rumor, şayka (/.) naut. saic. şaz (—) obs. irregular; exceptional, şb. (abbr. for şube) br. (branch), şeamet, -ti (.— .) obs. bad luck, şeametli (.-—..) obs. unlucky, ill-omened, inauspicious, baleful, ominous, şeb obs. night.
şebboy bot. 1. stock, gillyflower, Matthiola. 2.
    wallflower, gillyflower, Cheiranthus. şebek 1. zool. baboon, Papio. 2. colloq. hideously ugly (person), şebeke (./.) 1. ring, network (organized for criminal purposes). 2. network, system (of electric/telephone/telegraph lines, of water lines, of roads). 3 .formerly identity card (of a university student, issued by the university).
    4.    arch, lattice; grill; screen. 5. net (used in hunting/fishing), şebekler zool. Anthropoidea. şebnem obs. dew. şecaat, -ti obs. courage, bravery, şecaatli obs. courageous, brave, şecere pedigree, genealogical tree, family tree.
    —  bilimi genealogy.
şecereli
804
şekerci
şecereli 1. (person) who has a pedigree showing who his/her remote ancestors were, who has a long pedigree. 2. pedigree, pedigreed (animal).
şeci, -ii (.—) obs. brave, courageous, şedaraban classical Turk. mus. a makam, şeddadi (.— —) obs. big and solidly built (structure).
                                                               şedde a doubling sign over a consonant, gemination mark (in Arabic script). şeddeli doubled, reduplicated (consonant) (in Arabic script). — eşek vulg. crude and incompetent person, şedit obs. 1. violent, severe, intense, vehement.
    2. firm, strong, şedövr chef d’oeuvre, masterpiece, şef chief, leader. — de gar rail, stationmaster.
    —      de tren rail, conductor, Brit, guard. — dorkestr conductor (of an orchestra). — garson headwaiter. şefaat, -ti intercession. — etmek (—te bulunmak) to intercede, şefaatçi intercessor, şeffaf transparent, şeffaflaşma becoming transparent, şeffaflaşmak to become transparent, şeffaflaştırma III making (s.t.) transparent, şeffaflaştırmak /ı/ to make (s.t.) transparent, şeffaflık transparency, transparentness, şefik, -ki (.—) obs. kind and compassionate, s tenderhearted, tender, şefkat, -ti kindness and compassion, tenderheartedness, tenderness, şefkatli kind and compassionate, tenderhearted, tender.
şefkatlilik kindness and compassion, tenderheartedness, tenderness, şefkatsiz lacking in kindness and compassion, hardhearted, unfeeling, şefkatsizlik lack of kindness and compassion, hardheartedness, unfeelingness, şeflik 1. duties of a chief. 2. rank of chief, chieftaincy. 3. office of a chief (a place). 4. jurisdiction controlled by a chief, şeftali (.—.) peach. — ağacı bot. peach tree, Prunus persica. şeftren rail, conductor, Brit, guard, şehadet, -ti (.—.) see şahadet, şehamet, -ti (.—.) obs. cleverness and courage, şehap obs., astr., see şahap, şehbender formerly consul (a diplomat), şehbenderlik formerly 1. consulate (building).
    2. duties/rank/jurisdiction of a consul, şehevi (..—) carnal, libidinous, libidinal. şehik, -ki (.—) obs. 1. sob. 2. breathing in, inhalation, inspiration, şehinşah (..—) hist, the Shahinshah, the King of Kings (title applied to the Shah of Iran). şehir, -hri city; town. — plancılığı city planning. — plancısı city planner, şehirci city planner, şehircilik city planning.
şehirlerarası, -in (../...) 1. long-distance, Brit.
   trunk (telephone call). 2. intercity, interurban. şehirleşme urbanization (of a place), şehirleşmek (for a place) to become urbanized, şehirli city dweller; townsman, şehirlileşme (a person’s) becoming urbanized/ citified.
şehirlileşmek (for s.o.) to become urbanized;
   to become citified, şehit 1. Muslim who has died for Islam. 2. person who has died while serving the Turkish state. — düşmek 1. to die for Islam. 2. to die while serving the Turkish state, şehitlik 1. being someone who has died for Islam or for the Turkish state. 2. cemetery for Turkish soldiers, şehla (.—) (eye) which has a slight cast in it;
   (s.o.) who has a slight cast in his/her eye. şehname (.—.) hist, chronicle written in verse, şehnameci (.— ..) hist, person who wrote chronicles in verse for a sultan, şehnaz classical Turk. mus. a makam, şehniş obs., see şahniş, şehnişin (..—) obs., see şahniş, şehremaneti, -ni (/.—..) formerly the city government, municipality (of Istanbul/Ankara).
şehremini; -ni (/.— .) formerly mayor (of Istanbul/Ankara), şehriye vermicelli. — çorbası vermicelli soup.
şehvani (.------) 1. carnal, libidinous, libidinal.
   2.     lecherous, lustful (person), şehvaniyet, -ti (.— ..) 1. libidinousness. 2. lecherousness, lustfulness, şehvet, -ti lust, concupiscence, (sexual) desire; libido.
şehvetli lustful, libidinous, concupiscent; lecherous.
şehvetperest, -ti (s.o.) who is a slave to lust, şehzade (.—.) prince (a sultan’s son), shah-zadah.
şek, -kki obs. suspicion, doubt, misgiving, uncertainty, şekavet, -ti (.—.) obs. brigandage, şeker 1. sugar. 2. candy. 3. colloq., path, diabetes, diabetes mellitus. 4. colloq. darling, sweet, charming. — im colloq. honey, darling, sweetie, baby (term of endearment). Ş — Bayramı the three-day feast at the end of Ramazan, the Lesser Bairam. — düşürücü
   1. hypoglycemic (agent/disease). 2. hypoglycemic agent. — fabrikası sugar refinery. — gibi colloq. darling, sweet, charming. — hastalığı path, diabetes, diabetes mellitus. — hastası 1. diabetic (person). 2. (a) diabetic.
   —  kellesi sugarloaf. — i kestirmek to dissolve the sugar crystals in a syrup by boiling it together with a little lemon juice. — maşası sugar tongs, —in suya mı düştü? colloq. Why are you in such a hurry?/Where’s the fire?
şekerağacı, -m (./...) bot. raisin tree, Hovenia dulcis.
şekerci 1. confectioner; candymaker; candy-
şekerciboyası                                      805
    seller. 2. maker/seller of sugar, şekerciboyası, -m (../...) bot. pokeweed, poke, Phytolacca americana. şekerciboyasıgiller (../.....) bot. Phytolaccaceae. şekercilik 1. confectionery, being a confectioner.
    2.    being a maker/a seller of sugar, şekerfasulyesi, -ni (./....) a bean, şekerkamışı, -ni (./...) bot. sugarcane, Saccha-rum officinarum. şekerleme 1. hi sugaring, adding sugar to. 2. h/ candying, glaceing (fruit); crystallizing (fruit). 3. candied fruit, glaceed fruit; crystallized fruit. 4. dozing off (while seated).
    —     yapmak to doze off (while seated), şekerlemek /if 1. to sugar, add sugar to. 2. to candy, glace (fruit); to crystallize (fruit), şekerlenme 1. forming sugar crystals, turning into sugar, sugaring, getting sugary; (of jam, honey, etc.) going/turning to sugar, going sugary. 2. being sugared. 3. (of fruit) being candied/crystallized. şekerlenmek 1. to form sugar crystals, turn into sugar, sugar, get sugary; (for jam, honey, etc.) to go/turn to sugar, go sugary. 2. to be sugared. 3. (for fruit) to be candied/crystallized, şekerleşme 1. (of a person) becoming sweet and lovable. 2. forming sugar crystals, turning into sugar, sugaring, getting sugary, şekerleşmek 1. (for s.o.) to become sweet and lovable. 2. to form sugar crystals, turn into sugar, sugar, get sugary, şekerli 1. (a food/a drink) which contains sugar; sugared, sweetened with sugar. 2. well-sug-ared, very sweet (coffee). 3. path, diabetic, afflicted with diabetes, şekerlik 1. sugar bowl, Brit, sugar basin. 2. candy dish, candy bowl. 3. suitable for use in the making of sugar, şekerpancarı, -m (./...) bot. sugar beet, Beta vulgaris.
şekerpare (..—.) 1. a sweet, yellow apricot. 2.
    a sweet pastry. 3. a pastrami, şekerrenk, -gi (./.) colloq. cool, uncordial (relations): Onların araları bugünlerde şekerrenk. They aren’t on very friendly terms with each other nowadays, şekersiz 1. (a food/a drink) which contains no sugar; unsugared, unsweetened. 2. (a food/a drink) which doesn’t contain enough sugar, şekil, -kli 1. shape, form. 2. diagram, figure, illustration. 3. way, manner. 4. kind, sort, variety. 5. condition, state. — şekil all kinds of, many different kinds of. — ve şemail appearance, şekilbilgisi, -ni (./...) ling, morphology, şekilbilim (./..) biol. morphology, şekilci 1. (a) formalist. 2. formalistic, formalist, şekilcilik formalism.
şekildeğişimci transformist, transformationist, şekildeğişimcilik transformism. şekildeğişimi, -ni (./....) transformation, şekildeş homomorphous. şekildeşlik homomorphism.
                                                                                                      şeni
şekillendirme hi shaping, forming, giving a (definite) shape/form to. şekillendirmek hi to shape, form, give a (definite) shape/form to. şekillenme taking shape/form, şekillenmek to take shape/form, şekilperest, -ti 1. (a) formalist. 2. (person) who is overattentive to forms, formalistic, şekilsiz 1. shapeless, formless, amorphous. 2. misshapen; ill-proportioned. 3. lacking diagrams/figures. 4. ugly, unpleasing in appearance.
şekilsizlik 1. shapelessness, formlessness, amorphousness. 2. being mishapen/ill-propor-tioned. 3. ugliness, unpleasing appearance, şeklen (/.) in appearance; in shape, şekva (.—) obs. complaining, complaint, şelale (.—.) (big) waterfall, şelek prov. load carried on one’s back, şelf geol. shelf (of rock), şema (/.) 1. diagram, plan, scheme; outline. 2.
    phil. schema, şemacılık (/...) phil. schematism, şemail (.—.) obs. outward features, appearance, şematik schematic.
şemmetme (.'..) hi obs. smelling, sniffing, şemmetmek (/..) hi obs. to smell, sniff, şempanze zool. chimpanzee, Anthropopithecus troglodytes. şems obs., astr. the sun. şemse 1. sunburst, sunburst design. 2. a design used to ornament leather book covers, şemsi (.—) obs., astr. solar, şemsiper obs., see şemssiper. şemsiye 1. umbrella; parasol. 2. beach umbrella.
    3.    bot. umbel, şemsiyeağacı, -ni (../...) bot. Japanese pagoda tree, Chinese scholar tree, Sophora japonica. şemsiyeci maker/seller/repairer of umbrellas, şemsiyecilik making/selling/repairing umbrellas. şemsiyelik 1. umbrella stand. 2. suitable for making umbrellas, şemssiper obs. 1. visor (of a hat/a cap). 2. auto.
    visor, sun visor. 3. sun helmet, topee, şen 1. happy; merry. 2. well-populated and prosperous, flourishing, thriving (place). 3. airy and full of light, cheerful-looking (place), şenaat, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. vileness, foulness, abominableness. 2. immorality, wickedness; morally abhorrent act. şendere 1. wood used as veneer, veneer. 2. barrel stave. 3. zool. a red mullet, şenelme prov. 1. (of a place) becoming well -populated and prosperous. 2. (of a plant) growing well, flourishing, thriving, şenelmek prov. 1. (for a place) to become well -populated and prosperous. 2. (for a plant) to grow well, flourish, thrive, şeneltme hi prov. making (a place) well-populated and prosperous, şeneltmek hi prov. to make (a place) well-populated and prosperous, şeni, -ii (.—) obs. 1. vile, foul, abominable. 2.
şenia                                              806
                                                           immoral, wicked, morally abhorrent, şenia (.—.) obs. 1. abominable act. 2. immorality, morally abhorrent act. şenlendirilme 1. being cheered up. 2. (of a place) becoming well-populated and prosperous. 3. (of a place) being made attractive (by decoration, architectural improvements), şenlendirilmek 1. to be cheered up. 2. (for a place) to become well-populated and prosperous. 3. (for a place) to be made attractive (by decoration, architectural improvements), şenlendirme hi 1. cheering (s.o.) up. 2. making (a place) well-populated and prosperous. 3. making (a place) attractive (by decoration, architectural improvements), şenlendirmek hi 1. to cheer (s.o.) up. 2. to make (a place) well-populated and prosperous. 3. to make (a place) attractive (by decoration, architectural improvements), şenlenme 1. being cheered up. 2. (of a place) becoming well-populated and prosperous. 3.
   (of a place) being made attractive (by decoration, architectural improvements), şenlenmek 1. to be cheered up. 2. (for a place) to become well-populated and prosperous.
   3.     (for a place) to be made attractive (by decoration, architectural improvements), şenlik 1. cheerfulness; gaiety, merriness. 2. merriment, gay celebration; festival. 3. prov. prosperous condition, prosperity, prosper-
*   ousness (of a place). 4. prov. population. — görmemiş colloq. ill-bred, uncouth, şenlikli 1. merry, gay. 2. prov. well-populated and prosperous, flourishing, thriving (place), şenliksiz 1. devoid of merriment. 2. prov. poorly populated and economically deprived (place), şer, -rri evil, wickedness. —ine lanet! I want to have nothing to do with that accursed devilf (said of s.o. one wishes to avoid). şerait, -ti (.—.) obs. conditions, stipulations, şer’an (/.) obs. according to the Shari’a, according to Islamic law, canonically, şerare (.—.) obs. spark, şerbet, -ti 1. sherbet (any of a number of nonalcoholic drinks made with sugar and spices or sugar and fruit juice). 2. solution made by mixing certain substances with water: gübre şerbeti manure tea. — ezmek to make sherbet.
şerbetçi maker/seller of sherbet, şerbetçilik making/selling sherbet, şerbetçiotu, -nu (../..) bot. hop, Humulus lupulus.
şerbetleme hi 1. charming (s.o.) by magic so that he/she won’t be bitten by a snake or so . that he’ll/she’ll be cured of snakebite. 2. fertilizing (a plant) with manure tea. şerbetlemek hi 1. to charm (s.o.) by magic so that he/she won’t be bitten by a snake or so that he’ll/she’ll be cured of snakebite. 2. to fertilize (a plant) with manure tea. şerbetlenme 1. (of s.o.) being rendered immune to snakebite by a magic charm; being
                                                                                                       şerit
                              cured of snakebite by a magic charm. 2. (of a plant) being fertilized with manure tea. şerbetlenmek 1. (for s.o.) to be rendered immune to snakebite by a magic charm; to be cured of snakebite by a magic charm. 2. (for a plant) to be fertilized with manure tea. şerbetli 1. magically immune to snakebite. 2. (plant) which has been watered with manure tea. 3. colloq. la! (s.o.) who is unaffected by: dayağa şerbetli bir çocuk a child that beatings don’t faze. 4. lal colloq. incorrigible: yalana şerbetli bir kişi an incorrigible liar, şerbetlik suitable for use in making a sherbet, şerbetsiz 1. (s.o.) not magically immune to snakebite. 2. (plant) not watered with manure tea. şerç obs., anat. anus.
şeref honor. Ş—e!/Ş—inize! To your health!/ Brit. Cheers! (a toast). — misafiri guest of honor. — salonu reception room for important people; VIP lounge (in an airport, etc.). — sözü one’s word of honor. — üyesi honorary member. -- vermek /a/ to honor (s.o./a place) with one’s presence. — yeri place of honor, şerefe balcony (surrounding a minaret), şerefiye a tax levied on an area where land values have risen owing to improvements made by the municipality, şereflendirme hi honoring, şereflendirmek hi to honor, şereflenme being honored, şereflenmek to be honored, şerefli 1. honorable. 2. well-populated and prosperous (place), şerefsiz unprincipled, dishonest, rot. şerefsizlik lack of moral principle, unprincipledness; unprincipled action, şerefyap (..—) obs., used in: — olmak to be honored.
şergil prov. wayward, unruly; naughty, şerh obs. 1. explanation. 2. commentary; book of commentary. — etmek hi 1. to explain.
   2.  to write a commentary on, annotate, comment.
                                                            şerha obs. 1. cut, wound, gash. 2. piece; slice.
   —      şerha in pieces, şeriat, -ti the Shari’a, Islamic law, canon law.
   —m kestiği parmak acımaz, proverb One doesn’t fear a punishment that is just ./One can bear a punishment that is just, şeriatçı 1. person who favors having the Shari’a as the law of the land. 2. (s.o.) who favors having the Shari’a as the law of the land, ’şerif 1. sacred. 2. (s.o.) who is a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad.
2şerif sheriff.
şerik, -ki (.—) obs. partner, şeriklik (.—.) obs. partnership, şerir (.—) obs. evil, wicked, (person) who is a hardened criminal, şerit 1. ribbon; band; streamer. 2. mil. stripe; chevron. 3. mil. ammunition belt. 4. lane (for
şeritdöken
    traffic in a road). 5. strip: iniş şeridi landing strip. 6. zool. tapeworm, Taenia. — çizgisi painted line delimiting a traffic lane. — metre tape measure. — testere blade of a band saw. — testere makinesi band saw. şeritdöken (./..) 1. taeniafugal. 2. (a) taenia-fuge, (a) teniafuge. şeritgiller zool. Cestoda. şeritleme hi wrapping a ribbon around (s.t.);
   decorating/trimming (s.t.) with ribbons, şeritlemek /if to wrap a ribbon around (s.t.); to decorate/trim (s.t.) with ribbons, şeritli 1. adorned with ribbons, beribboned; trimmed with ribbons. 2. (road) which has (so many) traffic lanes. 3. infested with tapeworms.
şeş six. — i beş görmek colloq. to be completely mistaken.
şeşbeş (/.) six and five (a throw of dice in backgammon and dominoes), şeşcihar (/..) six and four (a throw of dice in backgammon and dominoes), şeşicar (/..) see şeşcihar, şeşidü (/..) see şeşüdü. şeşüdü (/..) six and two (a throw of dice in backgammon and dominoes), şeşüse (/..) six and three (a throw of dice in backgammon and dominoes), şeşüyek (/..) see şeşyek, şeşyek (/.) six and one (a throw of dice in backgammon and dominoes), şet, -ddi classical Turk. mus. transposing a scale to a new pitch without altering the intervals of the scale, şetaret, -ti (.—.) obs. gaiety, merriness, şetaretli (.—..) obs. gay, merry, şetim, -tmi obs. cursing, execration, reviling, şetland 1. Shetland fabric, Shetland. 2. Shetland wool.
şetmetme (/..) /a/ obs. cursing, execrating, reviling.
şetmetmek (/..) /a/ obs. to curse, execrate, re-vilâ.
şev 1. slope, declivity, decline. 2. slant; bevel.
   3. sloping, slanting; beveled. — vermek /a/ to bevel.
şevk, -ki eagerness, enthusiasm, ardor, fervor.
    —e gelmek to become eager, become enthusiastic. —e getirmek hi to make (s.o.) eager/enthusiastic. — i kırılmak Iml to lose one’s eagerness/enthusiasm, şevket, -ti obs. majesty/grandeur (which irradiates from s.t. mighty), şevketli Ott. hist, majestic (title especially given to the Sultan). şevli sloping, slanting; beveled. — gönye square beveled at the edge.
Şevval, -li Shawwal (the tenth month of the Muslim calendar), şey 1. thing. 2. what-do-you-call-it; what-do -you-call-him/her; whatyoumayjigger, thingumbob, thingamabob, thingumajig, thingummy (used to designate s.tJs.o. whose name
807                                         şeytan
         one has either forgotten or doesn't know).
     şeyh 1. head of a group of dervishes, sheikh, sheik. 2. head (of a tribe of Arabs), sheikh, sheik, —in kerameti kendinden menkul. proverb He says he can do great things, yet the only proof we have of this is what he himself has told us. — uçmaz, müridi uçurur. proverb A person’s followers tend to regard him as greater than he really is.
     şeyhlik being a sheikh.
     şeyhülislam Sheikh ul-Islam, Shaikh al-Islam (the chief religious official in the Ottoman empire).
     şeyhülmuharririn (......—) the doyen of Tur-
         key’s newspapermen.
     şeytan 1. Satan, the Devil, Sheitan, Shaitan. 2. colloq. devil, fiend, demon. 3. colloq. crafty and malevolent person. 4. colloq. clever and mischievous child. 5. colloq. crafty and malevolent (person). 6. colloq. clever and mischievous (child). —• adamı kandırır, ama suyunu ısıtıvermez. proverb Some people get you into trouble and then leave you in the lurch. Ş— Akıntısı the Devil’s Current (a strong current in the Bosphorus, running from Rumelihisar to Kandilli and Akmti-burnu). — aldatmak colloq. 1. to yield to the devil in one, let the devil get the better of one, yield to temptation. 2. to have a wet dream, —in art ayağı/bacağı colloq. little devil, clever and mischievous child. — m ayağını kırmak colloq., see şeytanın bacağını kırmak. — azapta gerek, colloq. It serves him/her right./His/Her chickens have come home to roost. — bacaklı colloq. short -legged. — m bacağını kırmak colloq. finally to begin to do something after numerous delays, get the show on the road at last. — bezi velveteen, —a çarık giydirmek colloq. to be smart enough to outwit the devil himself. — çarpmış kedi yavrusu gibi titremek colloq. to be in fear and trembling, be scared out of one’s wits. — çarşısı colloq. 1. conjurer’s place of business. 2. toy shop. 3. the heart of an evil-minded person. — çekici colloq. little devil, clever, agile, and mischievous child. — diyor ki .... colloq. The devil in me tells me to (do s.t. I know I shouldn’t do), —m dostluğu darağacma kadardır. proverb The devil will be your friend until he has brought you to the gallows, and then he’ll leave you in the lurch. — dürtmek hi colloq. for the devil suddenly to catch one unawares and make one do something one shouldn’t do. —ı eşeğe ters bindirmek colloq. to be devilishly clever, be smart enough to outwit the devil himself. — feneri Chinese lantern, Japanese lantern (a paper lantern). — gibi colloq. very clever (person).
         —  görsün yüzünü, colloq. He/She can go to the devil for all I care; I don’t want to see him/her. — m işi yok. colloq. The devil had nothing to do with it; it’s just a case of
şeytanarabası
   sheer bad luck, —la kabak ekenin kabak başına patlar, proverb A person who goes into partnership with a trickster is going to get cheated. —m kıç bacağı vulg., see şeytanın art ayağı/bacağı. — kösteği a hobble.
   —     kulağına kurşunî Knock on wood! (said when speaking of s.t. that’s going well), —a külahı ters giydirmek colloq. to be clever enough to outwit the devil himself, —la ortak buğday eken samanını alır, proverb, see Şeytanla kabak ekenin kabak başına patlar. — oyunda gerek, proverb Never forget that the devil is always around, waiting to catch you off your guard, —a pabucu ters giydirmek colloq., see şeytana külahı ters giydirmek, —a parmak ısırtmak colloq. to outdo the devil himself in wickedness. — şeytan colloq. devilishly; very mischievously, —i şişeye sokmak colloq. to.be devilishly clever, be smart enough to outwit the devil himself. — taşlamak Islam to stone the Devil (done at Mecca by pilgrims as a part of the hajj). —lan tepesine çıkmak /m/ colloq. to get very angry, lose one’s temper, blow one’s stack. — tüyü colloq. a certain something about someone that makes him/her irresistibly attractive. — uçurtması a small paper kite, —a uymak colloq. to let the devil get the better of one, yield to temptation, —in yattığı yeri bilmek colloq. 1. to know „ some astounding things. 2. to be exceedingly clever and alert, şeytanarabası, -ni (./....) 1. cluster of feathery seeds floating in the air (e.g. thistledown, puffball). 2. colloq. bicycle, şeytanca (./.) 1. devilish. 2. devilishly; in a devilish way. şeytanet, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. devilry; act of devilry.
   2.    devilment, mischief, şeytanfeneri, -ni (./...) bot. Chinese lantern, Japanese lantern, Physalis alkekengi. şeytani (.— —) devilish, şeytankuşu, -nu (..'..) zool. horseshoe bat, Rhinolophidae. şeytanlık 1. devilry; act of devilry. 2. colloq. devilment, mischief. — etmek colloq. to do something devilish; to be up to some mischief.
şeytanmaymun (./..) zool. saki, couxia, couxio, Pithecia satanas. şeytanminaresi, -ni (./.—..) screw shell (of a gastropod).
şeytanotu, -nu (./..) bot. scabious, Scabiosa. şeytanörümceği, -ni (./....) 1. zool. ballooning spider, flying spider (young spider floating through the air supported by a strand of its silk). 2. (a) shimmer of heat, şeytansaçı, -m (./..) bot. 1. hemp agrimony, Eupatorium cannabinum. 2. dodder, love vine, Cuscuta. şeytanşalgamı, -m (./...) bot. white bryony, Bryonia alba. şeytantersi, -ni (./..) 1. bot. ferula, Ferula
808                                   şıngır     şıngır
         foetida. 2. asafetida, devil’s dung, şeytantırnağı, -ni (./...) 1. hangnail. 2. bot.
         devil’s claw, Phyteuma comosum. şeytantükürüğü, -nü (./....) zool. spittle insect, spittlebug, froghopper. şeytantükürükleri, -ni (./.....) zool. Cercopidae. şezlong, -gu chaise longue.
      *şık, -ki 1. smart, chic, fashionable, stylish. 2.
         very fitting, very suitable (reply).
     2şık, -kki choice, option, thing that is or can be chosen; alternative, şıkırdama rattling; clinking; jingling, şıkırdamak to rattle; to clink; to jingle, şıkırdatma 1. /ı/ rattling/clinking/jingling (s.t.), making (s.t.) rattle/clink/jingle. 2. colloq. showing someone that one’s willing to pay money for something, letting someone see some green stuff. 3. colloq. giving someone some money; greasing someone’s palm, şıkırdatmak 1. /ı/ to rattle/clink/jingle (s.t.), make (s.t.) rattle/clink/jingle. 2. colloq. to show someone that one’s willing to pay money for something, let someone see some green stuff. 3. colloq. to give someone some money; to grease someone’s palm, şıkırdım slang boy, lad, kid. şıkır şıkır (./ ..) colloq. 1. with a jingling/clinking/clicking sound. 2. jingling (coins, etc.).
         3. very shiny, glittering, glittery. — oynamak
         1.    to dance with great zest (usually used of s.o. doing a belly dance or a dance resembling a belly dance). 2. to be overjoyed, şıkırtı rattle; clink; jingle, şıklaşma beginning to dress smartly, şıklaşmak to begin to dress smartly, şıklık smartness, chic.
      şık şık used in: — eden nalçadır, iş bitiren akçedir, proverb All that glitters is not gold.
     şıllık colloq. vulgar, gaudily dressed and made -up woman; loose woman, painted Jezebel, şımarık (person) spoiled (by overindulgence), pampered.
     şımarıklık behavior/act characteristic of a spoiled person, şımarma becoming/getting spoiled (by overindulgence).
      şımarmak to become/get spoiled (by overindulgence).
     şımartılma being spoiled (by overindulgence), being pampered, şımartılmak to be spoiled (by overindulgence), be pampered, şımartma hi spoiling (s.o.) (by overindulgence), pampering.
     şımartmak l\l to spoil (s.o.) (by overindulgence), pamper, şıngıl prov. small cluster of flowers/fruit forming part of a larger cluster (as in a bunch of grapes), şıngırdama rattling; clinking, şıngırdamak to rattle; to clink, şıngır şıngır (./ ..) with a rattling/clinking
şıngırtı
809
şifre
    sound, şıngırtı rattle; clink.
                              şıp, -pi used in: — diye colloq. in an instant, in a trice. — şıp with a dripping sound, şıpıdık 1. scuff (a flat-heeled, house slipper). 2. flat-heeled (house slipper) which is open at the back.
şıpmişi, -ni (./..) prov. 1. (job) which can be done very quickly and easily. 2. (doing s.t.) very quickly and easily, şıpır şıpır (./ ..) (a liquid’s falling down or dripping) continuously, without letup, şıpırtı soft plash, gentle splashing sound, şıpıtık see şıpıdık.
şıpka (/.) naut. heavy rope net; torpedo net. şıplan (/.) slang in an instant, in a trice, şıppadak (/..) colloq. 1. suddenly, all of a sudden. 2. in an instant, in a trice, şıpsevdi colloq. 1. (person) who falls in love very quickly. 2. person who falls in love very quickly, şipşak (/.) colloq., see şipşak, şipşakçı see şipşakçı, şıpşaklama hi slang, see şipşaklama. şıpşaklamak hi slang, see şipşaklamak. şıpşıp, -pi see şıpıdık.
şıra (/.) 1. grape must, very slightly fermented grape juice. 2. slang filtered opium, şıracı (/..) maker/seller of grape must, şırak Crash!/Crack!/Pop! — diye with a crash;
    with a crack; with a pop. şırakkadak (..'..) colloq. very suddenly, all of a sudden, şıralı (.'..) sweet and juicy, şırfıntı colloq. slut, tramp, floozy, şırıldama plashing gently, flowing/falling with a soft, splashing sound, şırıldamak to plash gently, flow/fall with a soft, splashing sound, şırıl şırıl (./ ..) (flowing) with a gentle, continuous plash, şırıltı gentle plash, light splashing sound, şırınga (./.) 1. hypodermic syringe, syringe, hypodermic needle, needle. 2. syringe (device consisting of a nozzle attached to a compressible rubber bulb). — etmek /ı, a/ to put (a liquid) into (s.t.) using a syringe. — yapmak /a/ 1. to give (s.o.) a hypodermic injection. 2. to syringe (s.t.).
’şırlağan prov. sesame oil.
2şırlağan prov. flow, flowing, şırlama plashing gently, flowing/falling with a soft, splashing sound, şırlamak to plash gently, flow/fall with a soft, splashing sound, şırlanyağı, -m (./..) prov., see ’şırlağan, şırlop dish made with eggs and yogurt, şırp used in: — diye kesmek hi 1. to cut (s.t.) off with a snip (of one’s scissors). 2. to cut (s.t.) off with a whirring slash of one’s sword, şırpadak (/..) prov. 1. suddenly, all of a sudden. 2. in an instant, in a trice, şırvan 1. attic, garret, loft. 2. low-ceilinged
   room located immediately over a shop, şırvam see şırvan.
şıvgın prov. 1. large shoot/sucker (growing from a tree). 2. fir/pine (used for making masts). 3. sleet.
Şia (—.) the Shi’a, the Shi’is, the Shi’ites. şiar (.—) 1. sign, mark, token; badge, emblem. 2. distinguishing characteristic/trait. 3. password, watchword; countersign. 4. trademark, şibh obs., see şibih.
şibih, -bhi obs. 1. resemblance. 2. counterpart, equivalent, equal. 3. quasi-, resembling (s.t.): şibh-i cezire peninsula, şibh-i maden metalloid.
şiddet, -ti 1. intensity; severity; violence; vehemence. 2. harshness, stringency, rigorousness.
   —le 1. vehemently; passionately, with great feeling. 2. violently, severely. — e başvurmak to resort to brute force. — göstermek /a/ to behave harshly towards (s.o.). — olayı act of terrorism, şiddetlendirme 111 increasing the intensity/ severity/violence of (s.t.). şiddetlendirmek hi to increase the intensity/ severity/violence of (s.t.). şiddetlenme becoming more intense; becoming more severe; becoming more violent, şiddetlenmek to become more intense; to become more severe; to become more violent, şiddetli 1. intense; severe, violent; vehement; passionate. 2. violently, severely. 3. vehemently; passionately, with great feeling. — geçimsizlik law extreme incompatibility (a ground for divorce), şif prov. cotton boll.
şifa (.—) recovery of one’s health. — bulmak to recover one’s health, get well. — yi bul-mak/kapmak colloq. 1. to become ill. 2. (for s.t.) to go completely wrong, get all balled up. —lar olsun! 1. May it do you good! (said to a sick person when he/she takes a medicine). 2. Gesundheit! (said to s.o. who has just sneezed). şifahen (.—.) obs. orally, verbally.
şifahi (.-----) obs. oral, verbal. — imtihan oral
   examination, oral test, şifalı (.—.) healing, restorative, curative, health -giving. — bitki medicinal plant. — ot medicinal herb, şifasız (.—.) incurable, impossible to cure, şifayap (.— —) obs., used in: — olmak to recover one’s health, get well, şifleme hi prov. boiling, stripping the bolls from (cotton), şiflemek hi pfov. to boll, strip the bolls from (cotton).
şifon 1. chiffon (a cloth fabric). 2. rag (torn/ discarded piece of cloth), şifoniyer chiffonier, chiffonnier. şifonyer see şifoniyer.
şifre 1. secret code; secret cipher. 2. comp, password. —yi açmak to decode a coded message. — anahtarı key to a code. — yi çöz-
şifreci
    mek to decipher a coded message, şifreci decoder, cipher clerk; cryptographer, cryptanalyst, şifreleme N encoding, putting (a message) into a secret code, coding; enciphering, putting (a message) into a secret cipher, ciphering, şifrelemek /i/ to encode, put (a message) into a secret code, code; to encipher, put (a message) into a secret cipher, cipher, şifreli written/spoken/sent in a secret code, coded; written in cipher, ciphered. — kasa safe equipped with a combination lock. — kilit combination lock, şihap obs., astr., see şahap.
Şü (-------) i. (a) Shi’i, (a) Shi’ite. 2. Shi’i, of
    the Shi’a.
Şiilik (------.) Shi’i Islam; Shi’ism.
şiir 1. poem, piece of poetry. 2. poetry, verse, şiirsel poetic, poetical, (s.t.) which has a poetic quality.
şikâr (.—) obs. game, prey, hunted animal, şikâyet, -ti (.—.) 1. complaint; grouse, gripe, beef. 2. complaint, ailment. — te bulunmak to complain; to grouse, gripe, beef, bellyache.
   —       etmek 1. to complain; to grouse, gripe, beef, bellyache. 2. /i/ to make a complaint against, lodge a complaint against (s.o.). — hakkı law right of petition for redress, şikâyetçi (.— ..) 1. complaining; (s.o.) who is always full of complaints, who bellyaches. 2. complainer; grouser, griper, bellyacher.
    *  — olmak /dan/ to have a complaint to make against/about, şikâyetname (.— .—.) written complaint; letter of complaint, şike sports rigging (a game/a match/a race), fraudulently arranging for (a game/a match/ a race) to have a certain outcome. — yapmak to rig a game/a match/a race, şikeli sports rigged (game/match/race), şikemperver obs. (s.o.) who is very fond of eating and drinking; gluttonous, şile bot. sweet marjoram, Major ana hortensis. şilebezi, -ni (/...) a light cotton cloth (originally made in Şile), şilem (a) slam (in the game of bridge). — yapmak to make a slam, şilep freighter, cargo liner, cargo ship, şilepçi owner/operator of a freighter, şilepçilik owning/operating freighters.
Şili (/.) 1. Chile. 2. Chilean, of Chile.
                                                             Şilili (/..) 1. (a) Chilean. 2. Chilean (person), şilin 1. shilling (formerly a British monetary unit). 2. schilling (Austrian monetary unit), şilt (shield-shaped, engraved, metal) plaque (as one given to the winner of a competition), şilte thin mattress.
şimal, -li obs. 1. north. 2. northern. — i garbi
    1.    the northwest. 2. northwestern, northwest. Ş— Kutbu the North Pole. —i şarki 1. the northeast. 2. northeastern, northeast, şimalen (.—'.) obs. from the north; to the north; on the north.
810                                           şinanay
     şimali (.— —) obs. northern, north, şimalli obs. 1. (a) northerner. 2. (s.o.) who is from the north, şimcik (/.) prov., see şimdicik. şimden (/.) prov., see şimdiden, şimdengeri (/...) prov., see şimdiden sonra, şimdi (/.) now. — bile still, yet. — şimdi only very recently, not until very recently, şimdicik (/..) prov. 1. just now, just this very moment. 2. right away, right off, İn an instant.
     şimdiden (/..) already, this very moment, right now. — sonra henceforth, from now on. — tezi yok at once, right now. şimdik (/.) prov., see şimdicik. şimdiki, -ni (/..) (s.o./s.t.) of the present time, of today, —ler the younger generation, the young people of today. — değer fin. present value. — zaman gram, the present continuous tense.
     şimdilik (/..) for now, for the present, for the time being; at present, şimendifer 1. railroad, railway. 2. (railway) train. 3. ehemin de fer (a card game). — i raya sokmak slang (for a man) to stick it in, insert his penis (during sexual intercourse).
     şimi 1. shimmy (a dance). 2. shimmy (in the front wheels of a motor vehicle), şimik chemical, pertaining to chemistry, şimiotaksi chemotaxis. şimioterapi chemotherapy, şimioterapik 1. chemotherapeutic, chemothera-peutical. 2. (a) chemotherapeutic, (a) chemo-therapeutant. şimiotropizm chemotropism. şimmi see şimi.
     şimşek flash/streak/bolt/stroke of lightning; lightning. — çakmadan gök gürlemez. proverb 1. Where there’s smoke there’s fire. 2. A time of woe is always presaged by certain ominous events. — çakmak for lightning to flash. — gibi colloq. like lightning, with lightning speed, —leri üstüne çekmek colloq. to attract vehement criticism, become the object of someone’s critical thunderbolts, şimşeklenme flash of lightning, şimşeklenmek for lightning to flash, şimşektaşı, -ni (./..) geol. meteorite, şimşir 1. bot. boxwood, box, boxtree,Buxus sempervirens. 2. the wood of the box, boxwood, Turkish boxwood, şimşirgiller bot. Buxaceae. şimyotaksi see şimiotaksi, şimyoterapi see şimioterapi. şimyoterapik see şimioterapik. şimyotropizm see şimiotropizm, şinanay 1. tra-la-la (a refrain in folk songs). 2. slang There isn’t a bit of ...: Bende mangır şinanay. I’m busted. 3. colloq. Yippee!/Hur-rah!/Whoopee! 4. prov. kerosene lamp used at night. 5. colloq. gaudy, overdecorated, bedecked with trifles.
 şinik
şinik a unit of measure for grain, şinikleme 111 measuring out (grain) in şiniks. şiniklemek hi to measure out (grain) in şiniks. şinşila (./.) see şinşilla. şinşilla (./.) 1. zool. chinchilla, Chinchilla laniger. 2. chinchilla fur, chinchilla. 3. made of chinchilla, chinchilla.
Şinto (/.) Shinto, Shintoism, şinuvazöri chinoiserie (a style in art), şipşak (/.) colloq. in an instant, in a flash, şipşakçı street photographer (who develops the picture on the spot), şipşaklama hi slang 1. remembering (s.t.) immediately. 2. understanding (s.t.) immediately, catching on to (s.t.) instantly, şipşaklamak hi slang 1. to remember (s.t.) immediately. 2. to understand (s.t.) immediately, catch on to (s.t.) instantly, şipşirin (/..) very sweet, very charming.
şiraze (------.) 1. headband; footband, tailband
    (of a book). 2. leg of the kispet worn by a greased wrestler, —si bozulmak Iml colloq., see şirazesinden çıkmak, —den çıkmak colloq. to lose one’s mental balance, go nuts, go round the bend, —sinden çıkmak colloq. (for a situation) to get out of hand, şirden the fourth stomach of a ruminant, abomasum. — dolması cookery a dish resembling haggis, şirin sweet, charming, şirinlik sweetness, charm, şirk, -ki polytheism. — koşmak /a/ to attribute a partner to (God), şirket, -ti 1. com. company, firm; corporation. 2. law partnership, joint ownership. —lerin birleşmesi com. merger, consolidation of firms/companies. — kurmak to set up a company. — ortakları shareholders, şirpençe (—..) path, carbuncle caused by anthrax.
şirret, -ti colloq. 1. (woman) who has a railing tongue and a bad temper. 2. shrew, battle -ax, dragon, şirretleşme colloq. turning into a battle-ax. şirretleşmek colloq. to turn into a battle-ax. şirretlik colloq. 1. vituperative and disagreeable temperament. 2. action befitting a battle-ax. şirürji surgery (a branch of medicine), şirvan see şırvan. şiryan (.—) obs., anat. artery, şist, -ti geol. schist, şistli geol. schistose, schistic, şistosit, -ti biol. schistocyte.
’şiş 1. skewer; spit. 2. knitting needle. 3. (food) cooked on a skewer: şiş kebap shish kebab.
   —e geçirmek hi to skewer, fix (s.t.) upon a skewer; to spit, fix (s.t.) upon a spit.
2şiş 1. swelling, swollen place (on the body of a person/an animal). 2. swollen; distended, ’şişe 1. bottle; flask. 2. chimney (of a lamp/a lantern). 3. cupping glass. 4. slang buttocks, fanny, *ass. — çekmek /a/ to apply a cupping glass to (a part of s.o.’s body).
811                                           şişlemek
2şişe thin, narrow strip of wood nailed over the joints between the boards of a ceiling, lath, şişeci maker/seller of bottles, şişek prov. yearling lamb, yearling, şişeleme hi bottling, şişelemek hi to bottle.
şişenengerek (./...) zool. puff adder, Bitis arietans.
şişinme getting puffed up with self-importance, acting like one is the cock of the walk, şişinmek to get puffed up with self-importance, act like one is the cock of the walk, şişirilme 1. being blown up; being distended; being filled with air. 2. being exaggerated, being blown out of proportion, şişirilmek 1. to be blown up; to be distended; to be filled with air. 2. to be exaggerated, be blown out of proportion, şişirme 1. hi blowing up, inflating; causing (s.t.) to swell up; distending; billowing (sails, etc.); filling (s.t.) with air. 2. hi colloq. exaggerating, exaggeration, blowing (s.t.) out of proportion. 3. hi colloq. doing (s.t.) hastily and carelessly. 4. colloq. hi embarrassing (s.o.) in public, making (s.o.) want to go through the floor. 5. hi colloq. padding (a piece of writing/a speech) with much unnecessary/irrelevant material. 6. slang stabbing (s.o.). 7. colloq. shoddy/sloppy piece of work. 8. colloq. shoddily put together, shoddy; sloppy, slipshod (piece of work). 9. colloq. exaggerated, blown out of proportion, şişirmece colloq. 1. shoddy/sloppy piece of work. 2. shoddily put together, shoddy; sloppy (piece of work), şişirmek hi 1. to blow up, inflate; to cause (s.t.) to swell up; to distend; to billow (sails, etc.); to fill (s.t.) with air. 2. colloq. to exaggerate, blow (s.t.) out of proportion. 3. colloq. to do (s.t.) hastily and carelessly. 4. colloq. to embarrass (s.o.) in public, make (s.o.) want to go through the floor. 5. colloq. to pad (a piece of writing/a speech) with much unnecessary/irrelevant material. 6. slang to stab (s.o.).
şişirtme /ı, a/ having (s.o.) blow (s.t.) up, having (s.o.) inflate (s.t.). şişirtmek /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) blow (s.t.) up, have (s.o.) inflate (s.t.). şişkebap (/..) shish kebab, şişkin swollen; puffed up; puffy; fully inflated, şişkinlik 1. swollen or fully inflated condition; puffiness. 2. swelling, swollen place (on the body of a person/an animal); protuberance, protrusion, bulge. 3. bloated feeling (caused by dyspepsia): Karnımda bir şişkinlik var. My stomach feels bloated, şişko colloq. 1. fat (person). 2. fatso, fatty, şişleme hi 1.    sticking a  skewer (or a similar
   thing) into;  passing a   skewer (or a similar
    thing) through. 2. slang stabbing (s.o.). şişlemek III 1.  to stick a  skewer (or a similar
   thing) into;  to pass a   skewer (or a similar
şişli
812
şöyle
    thing) through. 2. slang to stab (s.o.). şişli (s.t.) which contains a skewer/a spit; (s.t.) which has a skewer stuck in/through it. — baston sword cane, sword stick, şişlik 1. swollen condition, puffiness. 2. swollen place.
şişman fat, portly, corpulent, obese (person), şişmanlama getting fat, growing fat. şişmanlamak to get fat, grow fat. şişmanlatma hi fattening, causing (s.o.) to get fat.
şişmanlatmak hi to fatten, cause (s.o.) to get fat.
şişmanlık fatness, portliness, corpulence, obesity.
şişme 1. swelling, getting swollen; becoming distended; billowing (in the wind); becoming filled with air. 2. feeling uncomfortably full, (of one’s stomach) feeling too full (owing to overeating). 3. getting fat. 4. getting winded, becoming completely out of breath. 5. slang being embarrassed, feeling sheepish (after making a mistake). 6. colloq. acting high and mighty, giving o.s. airs, şişmece path, emphysema, şişmek 1. to swell, get swollen; to become distended; to billow (in the wind); to become filled with air. 2. to feel uncomfortably full, (for one’s stomach) to feel too full (owing to overeating). 3. to get fat. 4. to get winded, become completely out of breath. 5. slang
    *  to be embarrassed, feel sheepish (after making a mistake). 6. colloq. to act high and mighty, give o.s. airs, şita (.—) obs. winter.
şitap (.—) obs. speed, haste. — etmek to hurry, hasten.
şive (—.) 1. accent, way of pronouncing words.
    2. obs. coy behavior, coquettishness, şiveli (—..) 1. (s.o.) who has (a certain kind of) accent. 2. obs. coy, coquettish. 3. (speaking) with a marked accent, şivenüma (—..—) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
şivesiz (—..) 1. (s.o.) who speaks with a bad accent. 2. (speaking) with a bad accent, şivesizlik (—...) speaking with a bad accent, şizofren schizophrenic person, (a) schizophrenic, şizofreni schizophrenia, şnitzel (/.) cookery schnitzel, şnorkel (/.) snorkel.
                             şofaj 1. heating system (in a building, railway car, etc.). 2. heating, warming (a place), şofben flash heater (a kind of water heater);
    Brit. Ascot heater; Brit, geyser, şoför 1. driver (of a motor vehicle). 2. chauffeur, şoförlük 1. driving vehicles (as a profession).
    2. being a chauffeur, chauffeuring. şok, -ku psych, shock. — tedavisi mecl. shock treatment, shock therapy, şoke colloq., used in: — etmek III to shock.
    —     olmak to be shocked, şoking, -gi colloq. shocking.
şokola (./.) chocolate, hot chocolate (a beverage).
şol archaic this; that.
şom used in: — ağızlı colloq. (s.o.) who is regarded as a bringer of bad luck because he/ she always predicts the worst, şop, -pu obs. beer mug. şopar slang child, kid. şorlama flowing noisily, şorlamak to flow noisily, şorolo (./.) slang very effeminate male homosexual, queen, şorolop 1. colloq. (swallowing s.t.) in one great gulp. 2. slang lie. şort, -tu 1. shorts (trousers). 2. boxer shorts (men’s underwear), şose paved road, şoset, -ti sock (for the foot), şoson 1. galosh, overshoe. 2. ballet slipper, ballet shoe, şov variety show, show, şoven 1. chauvinistic, chauvinist. 2. (a) chauvinist, şovenizm chauvinism.
şovenlik 1. chauvinism. 2. (a) chauvinist action, şöbiyat, -ti see şöbiyet. şöbiyet, -ti a kind of baklava, şöför see şoför.
şöhret, -ti 1. fame, renown. 2. famous person, well-known person. 3. agnomen. — afettir. proverb Fame can cause one a lot of headaches. — bulmak/kazanmak to become famous.
şöhretli famous, famed; renowned, şöhretsiz little-known, not famous, şölen 1. banquet; feast. 2. big party. 3. superb display of artistic skill, şömine (./.) fireplace.
şömiz dust jacket, dust cover, jacket (for a book); cover (for loose sheets of paper), şömizet, -ti chemisette (woman’s undergarment), şömiziye see şömizye, şömizye shirtwaist (woman’s blouse), şönt, -tü elec. (a) shunt, şövale easel.
şövalye (./.) knight, chevalier. — yüzüğü a kind of ring worn by men. şövalyelik (./..) knighthood; chivalry, şöyle (/.) 1. thus, thusly; in this way; in that way; like this; like that; in the following way. 2. such; this kind of; that kind of; of this sort; of that sort. — bir colloq. carelessly, haphazardly; aimlessly; desultorily. — bir bakmak colloq. 1. /a/ to give (s.o./s.t.) a quick, superficial glance. 2. to look daggers at (s.o.). — böyle colloq. 1. so-so, fair to middling. 2. approximately, roughly. (...) dursun colloq. let alone ..., never mind about ...: Almanca şöyle dursun, Türkçeyi bile doğru dürüst konuşamıyor. Never mind about German, he can’t even speak Turkish properly. — ki .... 1. such that, in such a manner that. 2. It’s as follows: ....
şöylece
813
şüpheli
şöylece (/..) thus, thusly; in this way; in that way; like this; like that; in the following way. şöylemesine (/....) colloq., see şöylesine. şöylesi, -ni (.'..) 1. this sort of thing; this sort of person; that sort of thing; that sort of person. 2. colloq. such a (person/thing) as this; such a (person/thing) as that, şöylesine (/...) colloq. thus, thusly; like this; like that.
şu, -nu this; that. —na bak! Just look at him/ her! (said belittlingly). —nu bunu bilmem! colloq. But me no buts!/I’m not accepting any excuses! —ndan bundan konuşmak colloq. to talk of this and that. — günlerde
    1. in the near future, any day now. 2. in these days; in those days. — halde 1. In that case .../If that’s the case .... 2. therefore. — kadar ki only, but (used to introduce a remark/a sentence), —nun şurası colloq. that place over there; this place right here, —nun şurasında colloq. just, only: Yaz tatilinin başlamasına şunun şurasında beş gün kaldı. There are only five days to go before the summer vacation begins. — var ki only, however, and yet (used to introduce a remark/a sentence).
şua, -ai (.—) ray, beam (of light). — tedavisi med. radiotherapy, şubat, -ti February.
şube (—.) 1. branch office, branch; office. 2. section; division. — hattı rail, suburban line, line serving only the suburbs of a city, şuf’a obs., law preemption. — hakkı obs., law right of preemption, şuh saucy and vivacious; lively and unreserved; pert.
şule (—.) obs. 1. flame. 2. blaze (on a horse’s face).
şunca (/.) this much; that much; this many; that many: Şunca kişisiniz, gene de bu işi bitiremediniz. Though there’s this many of you, you still haven’t been able to get this job done.
şûra (-------) council.
şura (/.) this place; that place, şuracık (/..) colloq. just there; just here, şuralı (/..) 1. inhabitant/native of this/that place.
    2. (s.o.) who is an inhabitant/a native of this/ that place. — buralı colloq. (people) from hither and yon, from here and there.
şurası, -ni (.'..) this place; that place; this fact; that fact.
Şûrayıdevlet, -ti (-------'...) obs. the Council of
    State.
şuriş (—.) obs. tumult, confusion, disorder, şurup syrup.
şut, -tu soccer (a) good kick that travels a long distance. — atmak/çekmek to make a good kick.
şutör soccer good kicker, player who kicks the ball well.
şuur 1. consciousness, the conscious. 2. understanding, comprehension.
şuuraltı, -m (./..) 1. subconscious. 2. the subconscious.
şuurdışı, -ni (./..) 1. unconscious. 2. the unconscious, şuurlu conscious, şuurluluk consciousness, şuursuz unconscious, şuursuzluk unconsciousness, şübhe obs., see şüphe, şüf’a obs., law, see şuf’a. şüheda (..—) obs. 1. Muslims who have died for Islam. 2. soldiers/civilians who have died while defending the Turkish state, şükran thanksgiving, thanks, gratitude, şükretme (.'..) 1. giving thanks to God, thanking God. 2. /a/ giving thanks to. şükretmek (/..) 1. to give thanks to God, thank God. 2. /a/ to give thanks to. şükür, -krü 1. gratitude, thankfulness. 2. Thanks be to God that .../I thank God that ... : İyi-leştiğime bin şükür! I thank God a thousand times for allowing me to get well, —ünü bilmek /m/ to feel grateful for (s.t.). şümul, -lü (.—) obs. 1. scope, embrace, sphere, radius. 2. log. extension, extent. — ü içine almak /i/ (for s.t.) to include (s.t./s.o.) in its scope, affect, cover: Bu kanun Öğretmenleri de şümulü içine alıyor. This law affects teachers as well, şümullendirme /ı/ obs. extending the scope of. şümullendirmek /i/ obs. to extend the scope of.
şümullü obs. comprehensive, extensive, şüphe 1. suspicion; doubt. 2. uncertainty. — bırakmak to leave a doubt/a suspicion in one’s mind, —ye düşmek to become suspicious, begin to suspect something; to begin to have doubts. — etmek /dan/ to suspect; to get suspicious about; to doubt, be in doubt about. — götürmek (for a thing) to have something dubious about it: Bu işin şüphe götürür bir tarafı yok. There’s nothing fishy about this job. — kurdu colloq. (a) gnawing doubt. — yok. (— mi var?) colloq. There’s no doubt about it. şüpheci 1. suspicious by nature, skeptical. 2. phil. skeptical, sceptical. 3. someone who is suspicious by nature, (a) skeptic. 4. phil. (a) skeptic, (a) sceptic, şüphecilik 1. being suspicious by nature, skepticism. 2. phil. skepticism, scepticism, şüphelendirme hi causing (s.o.) to suspect, arousing (s.o.’s) suspicions; /i, dan/ causing (s.o.) to be in doubt about, şüphelendirmek hi to cause (s.o.) to suspect, arouse (s.o.’s) suspicions; /i, dan/ to cause (s.o.) to be in doubt about, şüphelenme /dan/ suspecting; getting suspicious about; doubting, being in doubt about, şüphelenmek /dan/ to suspect; to get suspicious about; to doubt, be in doubt about, şüpheli 1. suspicious, arousing suspicion. 2. doubtful, unlikely. 3. suspicious, distrustful.
şüphelilik
şüphelilik 1. suspiciousness. 2. being doubtful şüphesiz 1. definite, certain. 2. certainly, undoubtedly. 3. unsuspecting, trusting, şüphesizlik lack of suspicion, şürekâ (..—■) obs. partners, associates, şüt, -tü soccer; see şut.
814                                                şüyu
      şütör soccer, see şutör. şüyu, -uu (.—) obs. becoming generally known, circulation. — bulmak (for s.t.) to become generally known. — un giderilmesi law dividing up an undivided property among its owners.
 T 1. the letter T. 2. chem. T (tritium). — borusu T-pipe. — cetveli T square, tee square. — demiri arch. T iron, tee iron. — kirişi arch. T beam, tee beam. — profili arch., see T demiri. — sargı med. T bandage.
 Ta chem. Ta (tantalum).
 ’ta (—) from way back; ever since; right up to; way over on/in (used to emphasize the extent of s.t. in distance/time): Onlar ta çocukluklarından beri arkadaştır. They’ve been friends ever since they were children./ They’ve been friends from way back. Ta oraya kadar gitti. He went all the way over there. — içinden from way down deep inside. — ki so that even: En sade bir üslupla yazdı, ta ki en aptal okuyucu anlasın. He wrote it in the simplest of styles, so that even the stupidest reader might understand it.
 2ta (.) used in: — kendisi his/her very self, taabbüt obs. worship, worshiping. — etmek to worship.
 taaccüp obs. astonishment, amazement. — etmek to be astonished, be amazed, taaddüt obs. multiplicity, plurality. — etmek to increase in number, taaffün obs. giving off a fetid odor (as a result of putrefaction).
 . taahhüt solemn undertaking/agreement; commitment; contract. — etmek III to undertake, commit o.s. (to do s.t.). — senedi written contract.
 taahhütlü 1. registered (letter). 2. slang good revolver.
 taahhütname (...— .) written contract, taalluk, -ku obs. connection, relation. — etmek 12d to concern, touch on, be related to, be connected with, taallukat, -ti (...—) obs. kin, kindred, relatives, taallül obs. trumping up excuses to avoid doing something. — etmek to trump up excuses to avoid doing something, taam obs. food; meal. — etmek to eat, have a meal.
 taammüden (./..) law (committing a crime) premeditatedly, willfully, deliberately, taammüm obs. spreading, spread, becoming general. — etmek to spread, become general, taammüt law premeditation (of a crime), taannüt obs. obstinacy. — etmek to be obstinate.
 taarruz attack; offensive. — etmek /a/ to attack. —a geçmek to proceed to attack, begin to attack.
taarruzi (...—) obs. offensive, pertaining to offense/attack, taassup fanaticism, bigotry, taat, -ti (—.) obs. 1. obeying God’s commandments. 2. piety, devotion, taayyün obs. 1. becoming clear/manifest. 2. becoming determined/fixed. 3. becoming a person of note. — etmek 1. to become clear/ manifest. 2. to become determined/fixed. 3. to become a person of note.
’tab, -b’ı obs. nature, character.
2tab, -b’ı obs. 1. printing (a book, etc.). 2. printing, impression, edition (of a book), taba 1. tobac, tobacco brown. 2. tobac, tobacco -brown, yellowish brown, tabaat, -ti (.—.) obs. printing, the art/the business of printing (books, etc.). tababet, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. the art of medicine; medical science. 2. being a medical doctor; the medical profession.
’tabak plate; saucer; dish. — gibi colloq. 1. (place) that’s as flat as a pancake. 2. very clearly, as if in a mirror.
2tabak tanner (of animal hides). — sevdiği deriyi taştan taşa çalar. (Tabak sevdiği deriyi yerden yere çarpar.) proverb A person charged with training others will work hardest those of his charges whom he likes best, ’tabaka 1. layer; stratum; bed, seam. 2. sheet (of paper): bir tabaka resim kâğıdı a sheet of drawing paper. 3. print, sheet (piece of paper on which a complete signature is printed). 4. category/group/class (of people), tabaka (./.) tobacco box; cigarette case, tabakalanma geol. stratification, tabakalanmak to stratify, become stratified, tabakalı geol. stratified, tabakat, -ti (..—) obs. 1. layers, strata, stratums.
   2.     categories/groups/classes (of people). — ilmi geology, tabakhane (..—.) tannery, place where hides are tanned, —ye bok mu götürüyorsun? What you’re doing must be mighty important, seeing as you’re in such an all-fired hurry! (said sarcastically). tabaklama hi tanning (a hide), tabaklamak h! to tan (a hide), tabaklanma (of a hide) being tanned, tabaklanmak (for a hide) to be tanned, ’tabaklık 1. set of shelves designed to hold plates. 2. plate rail. 3. dish drainer. 2tabaklik work of a tanner, tanning, tabaksalyangozu, -nu (./....) zool. planorbid,
taban
 816
tablakâr
   Planorbis.
taban 1. sole (of a foot/a shoe). 2. floor. 3. base; pedestal; foundation. 4. floor (of a valley/a river/a lake/a sea); bed (of a road). 5. flat top (of a hill, mountain, etc.). 6. econ. floor; lower limit; base. 7. math, base, base plane, base line. 8. iron of good quality. 9. prov. roller (used to smooth the surface of a field).
   —   atmak to go on foot, walk. — basma a wrestling hold in which a wrestler plants one foot on his opponent’s foot and twists his opponent’s chin or shoulder. — boya undercoat (of paint). — dağ flat-topped mountain, table mountain. — fiyat/fiyati the minimum price (set by the state for an agricultural commodity). — halısı large rug (for a room, as opposed to a corridor or flight of stairs). — inciri fig that has been flattened and then dried, —lan kaldırmak colloq. to run fast, run like anything; to run away, make tracks.
   —   kirişi common joist, floor joist, —a kuvvet! colloq. We’ve no chance but to hoof it. —a kuvvet used to indicate walking/running: Oraya tabana kuvvet gittim. I footed it over there. Tabana kuvvet kaçtık. We took to our heels. — patlatmak colloq., see taban tepmek. — tabana zıt 1. /a/ diametrically opposite (to), antipodal (to). 2. completely dissimilar, totally unlike, very different, antipodal. 3. complete opposite. — tahtası (a) floorboard. — tarla flat field. — tepmek colloq. to walk, hoof it (a long way), —lan yağlamak colloq. 1. to get ready to foot it a long way. 2. to run fast, run like anything; to make tracks, beat it.
tab’an (.'.) by nature, naturally, tabanca (./.) 1. pistol; revolver. 2. spray gun, sprayer (for paint). 3. slang bottle of raki/ wine. — atmak /a/ to fire a pistol/a revolver (at). — boyası paint designed to be used in a spray gun. — çekmek /a/ to draw/pull a pistol/a revolver (on) (s.o.). tabansız 1. (s.t.) which lacks a sole/a floor/a base. 2. colloq. cowardly, lily-livered, tabansızlık 1. lack of a sole/a floor/a base. 2.
   colloq. cowardice, cowardliness, tabanvay colloq., used in: —la gitmek to walk, hoof it, foot it. tabasbus obs. cringing, fawning, groveling. — etmek to cringe, fawn, grovel, tabela (./.) 1. sign (of a shop/a firm). 2. menu for the day (posted in the dining area of a school, hospital, etc.). 3. chart (hung at the bedside of a hospital patient), tabelacı (./..) sign painter, tabetme (/..) /ı/ printing (a book, etc.). tabetmek (/..) hi to print (a book, etc.). tabı, -b’ı obs., see 2tab.
*tabi, -ii (— —) 1. /a/ dependent (on), contingent (on). 2./a/ subject (to); bound (by).
   3.  national; citizen; subject. 4. tributary (of a river/a lake). 5. tributary, vassal state. — devlet pol. vassal state; dependency. — tut-
    mak /ı, a/ 1. to make (one thing) dependent on (another). 2. to have (s.o.) undergo (s.t.).
    3. to make (s.o.) submit to (one’s) own wishes.
2tabi, -ii (—.) obs. printer; publisher, tabiat, -ti 1. nature, the natural world. 2. nature, (natural) character. 3. habit. 4. taste, the power to distinguish the beautiful from the ugly. 5. regularity (of the bowels). — bilgisi nature study (taught in schools). — edinmek hi to make a habit of. — kanunları the laws of nature. — sahibi a person of taste, tabiatıyla (.../.) 1. naturally. 2. by its very nature; by his/her very nature, tabiatlı 1. (s.o./an animal) who/which has (a certain kind of) nature. 2. (s.o.) who has good taste.
tabiatsız 1. difficult, ill-tempered. 2. (s.o.) who lacks good taste, tabiatsızlık 1. ill-temperedness. 2. lack of good taste.
tabiattan by nature, naturally, tabiatüstü, -nü (../..) supernatural, tabii 1. (.— —) natural, pertaining to nature.
    2. (.— —) natural, unaffected. 3. (.— —) habitual, customary. 4. (.---------) pure, unadul-
    terated. 5. (/—) naturally, of course. — afet natural disaster. — borçlar law natural obligations. — senatör hist, senator who held a life appointment in the Senate (of the Republic of Turkey).
tabiilik (.-----.) 1. natural state (of s.t.); natural
    beauty (of s.t.). 2. naturalness, unaffectedness.
tabiiyat, -ti (.—..) obs. the natural sciences, tabiiye (..— .) obs. l.phil. naturalism. 2. natural history (a subject in a school curriculum), tabiiyet, -ti (—...) nationality; citizenship, tabiiyetsiz (—....) stateless (person), tabiiyetsizlik (—.....) statelessness, tabip (medical) doctor, physician, tabiplik 1. being a (medical) doctor. 2. office of a government doctor (refers to a place). tabir (—.) 1. expression; term; idiom. 2. interpretation (of a dream). — caizse if I may put it this way, if I may use this expression.
    —      etmek 1. hi to express (s.t.) in words. 2. /a/ to call (s.t.) (a certain name): Bu hayvana ayı tabir ederler. They call this animal a bear. 3. Ill to interpret (a dream), tabirname (—.—.) book on the interpretation of dreams, tabiye (—..) obs., mil. tactics, tabiyeci (—...) obs., mil. tactician, tabla (/.) 1. circular tray (usually made of wood). 2. ashtray. 3. disc, disclike object. 4. metal pan/tray (set under a stove/a brazier).
    5. pan (of a balance). 6. flat surface at the top/bottom of an object: çivi tablası head of a nail. 7. top of a table/a desk. 8. panel (of a door).
                                                             tablakâr (..—) obs. itinerant vendor who carries his wares in a circular tray on his head.
tablalı
 817
tagallüp
tablalı 1. having a circular tray. 2. (a stove/ a brazier) furnished with a metal pan/tray. 3. wide-brimmed (hat), tabldot, -tu 1. table d’hote (a complete meal offered at a fixed price). 2. system in which a group of workers hire a cook to prepare their meals.
tablet, -ti 1. pharm. tablet. 2. (small, flat, rectangular) piece (of hard candy or chocolate).
    3.    (bouillon) cube. 4. (engraved) tablet, slab, tablo (/.) 1. painting, picture. 2. large, detailed plan (hung on a wall). 3. table: çarpım tablosu multiplication table, times table. 4. view, panorama, picture. 5. striking description. 6. instrument panel, instrument board (of a machine). 7. theat. scene acted out in one setting, tabu 1. (a) taboo. 2. taboo, sacrosanct, tabulaşma becoming regarded as sacrosanct, tabulaşmak to become regarded as sacrosanct, tabur 1. battalion. 2. line, row, file. — olmak (for soldiers/schoolchildren) to form themselves into lines, line up. taburcu 1. discharged/dismissed (from a hospital). 2. slang released from jail. 3. slang fired from one’s job. 4. person who’s been discharged from a hospital, released from jail, or fired. — etmek hi 1. to discharge, dismiss (a hospital patient). 2. slang to release (a prisoner). 3. slang to fire (s.o.). — olmak 1. (for a hospital patient) to be discharged, be dismissed. 2. slang (for a prisoner) to be released. 3. slang to get fired, tabure (./.) 1. stool (e.g. piano stool, barstool).
    2.    footstool; ottoman, tabut, -tu 1. coffin (for a corpse). 2. egg crate, tabutlama hi putting (a corpse) into a coffin, coffining.
tabutlamak hi to put (a corpse) into a coffin, coffin.
                                                           tabutluk 1. place where empty coffins are stored. 2. colloq. cell so small that a prisoner may stand upright in it but not sit or otherwise move around, tabulator 1. tabulating machine, tabulator. 2.
    tabulator (on a typewriter), tabya (.'.) 1. protected emplacement (for a cannon, etc.). 2. redoubt.
Tacik (—.) 1. (a) Tajik, (a) Tadjik, (a) Tadzhik.
    2. Tajik, Tadjik, Tadzhik, of the Tajiks or their language. — dili Tajiki, Tadjiki, Ta-dzhiki, the Tajiki language.
Tacikçe (—/.) 1. Tajiki, Tadjiki, Tadzhiki, the Tajiki language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Tajiki, Tajiki, Tadjiki, Tadzhiki. 3. Tajiki (speech/writing); spoken in Tajiki; written in Tajiki.
Taciki (—.—) see Tacikçe.
Tacikistan (—...) 1. Tajikistan, Tadjikistan, Tadzhikistan. 2. of Tajikistan, tacil (—.) obs. speeding up, expediting, hastening. — etmek hi to speed up, expedite, hasten.
 tacir (—.) merchant.
 taciz (—.) annoyance, harassment. — etmek hi to annoy, bother, harass, tacizlik (—..) colloq. annoying, bothering, harassment. — getirmek /dan/ 1. to complain about (a pestiferous person). 2. to get fed up with (s.t.). — vermek /a/ to annoy, bother, harass.
 ’taç 1. crown; coronet; tiara. 2. bot. petal, corolla. 3. zool. crown, crest (of a bird). 4. astr. corona (around the sun). 5. arch, chaplet. 6. arch, crown. — giymek (for s.o.) to be crowned.
2taç sports touchdown, taçdamar (/..) anat. coronary artery, taçkemer (/..) arch, archivolt. taçlanma 1. being crowned. 2. bot. putting forth petals, petaling. taçlanmak 1. to be crowned. 2. bot. to put forth petals, petal, taçlı 1. crowned; coroneted; wearing a tiara. 2. bot. petaled, petalous. 3. zool. crowned, crested (bird), taçsız 1. uncrowned. 2. bot. apetalous. 3. zool.
   (bird) which lacks a crown/a crest, taçsızlar bot. Apetalae. taçyaprağı, -m (/...) bot. petal, taçyapraklı (/...) bot. petaled, petalous. tadat (—.) obs. counting; enumerating. —• etmek III to count; to enumerate, tadici taster, person employed to taste food/ drink.
 tadım 1. taste, small amount tasted. 2. the sense of taste.
 tadımlık 1. just enough (of s.t.) to let one discover its taste. 2. just enough to let one see what it tastes like, tadil (—.) 1. changing, altering, alteration; amendment. 2. lightening; moderating; tempering. — etmek hi 1. to change, alter; to amend. 2. to lighten; to moderate; to temper, tadilat, -ti (----.) changes, alterations; amend-
   ments.
taflan bot. English laurel, cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus. tafra pomposity; talking big. — satmak to talk big.
tafracı 1. big talker. 2. big-talking (person), tafsil obs. detailed explanation. — etmek III to explain (s.t.) in detail, give a detailed explanation of. tafsilat, -ti (.—.) 1. details, particulars. 2. full explanation. — vermek to give a detailed explanation, explain in detail, tafsilatlı (.—..) detailed, tafsilen (.—.) obs. in detail, tafta (/.) 1. taffeta. 2. taffeta weave, plain weave. 3. made of taffeta, taffeta, tagaddi (..—) obs. being fed/nurtured; feeding, eating. — etmek to be fed/nurtured; to feed, eat.
 Tagal see Tagalog.
 tagallüp obs. 1. usurpation. 2. tyranny, tyran-
Tagalog
 818
tahin
    nizing. — etmek /a/ 1. to usurp; to occupy or take possession of (a place) wrongfully.
    2. to tyrannize over.
Tagalog, -gu 1. (a) Tagalog. 2. Tagalog, of the Tagalogs. 3. Tagalog, the Tagalog language, taganni ) obs. singing. — etmek to sing a song, sing.
tagayyiir obs. change, alteration. — etmek to change, alter, undergo a change. , tağdiye obs. feeding, nourishing. — etmek hi to feed, nourish, tağşiş obs. adulterating, adulteration. etmek ,hl to adulterate, tağyir (.—) obs. change, alteration. — etmek hi to change, alter, tahaccür obs. turning to stone; petrifaction, petrification; fossilization, fossilification. — etmek to turn to stone; to become petrified, petrify; to become fossilized, fossilize, fos-silify.
tahaddüs obs. 1. coming into being, arising. 2.
    intuition. — etmek to come into being, arise, tahaddüsi (...—) obs. intuitional, intuitive, pertaining to intuition, tahaffuz obs. guarding o.s., taking precautionary measures (against an attack). — etmek to guard o.s., take precautionary measures (against an attack), tahaffuzhane (...— .) obs. quarantine station, tahaffuzi (...—) obs. precautionary, precau-tional.
fahaffüf obs. 1. lightening, being lightened (in weight). 2. alleviation, mitigation, being eased. — etmek 1. to be lightened, be made lighter (in weight). 2. to be lightened, be alleviated, be mitigated, be eased, tahakkuk, -ku 1. becoming a reality, realization.
    2. turning out to be true. 3. accrual, accruement (of interest, taxes, etc.); falling due (of a tax/interest). — esası accounting accrual basis. — etmek 1. to become a reality, be realized. 2. to turn out to be true, prove true.
    3. (for interest/a tax) to accrue; (for a tax/ interest) to fall due. — memuru tax assessor.
    —  tarihi due date (of a tax/interest).
tahakküm domination; tyranny; domineering behavior. — etmek /a/ to dominate; to tyrannize (over); to behave domineeringly; to lord it over (s.o.). tahallül obs., chem. dissociation; dissolution; decomposition. — etmek to dissociate; to dissolve; to decompose, tahammuz obs. oxidation. — etmek to oxidize, undergo oxidation, tahammül 1. ability to endure an offense/a difficulty, endurance, patience. 2. durability, durableness (of a thing). — etmek /a/ to put up with, bear, suffer, endure. — ü kalmamak /in/ to have no more endurance/patience left, tahammülfersa (....—) obs. (s.o./s.t.) which exhausts one’s patience; unbearable, unendurable.
tahammüllü 1. able to endure offenses/diffi-
    culties, patient. 2. durable, tahammülsüz 1. unable to endure offenses/difficulties. 2. not durable, tahammür obs. fermentation. — etmek to ferment, undergo fermentation, taharet, -ti (.—.) 1. cleanliness, purity. 2. Islam cleansing o.s. of unclean things. — almak to cleanse o.s. (especially after urinating/defecating). — bezi cloth used to cleanse o.s. (especially after urinating/defecating).
taharetlenme (.—...) cleansing o.s. (especially after urinating/defecating), taharetlenmek (.— ...) to cleanse o.s. (especially after urinating/defecating), taharri (..—) obs. 1. search. 2. investigation; research. 3. plainclothes policeman, plain-clothesman, police detective. — etmek h! 1. to search for. 2. to investigate. — memuru plainclothes policeman, plainclothesman, police detective, taharrük, -kü obs. movement, motion. — etmek to move, taharrüş obs. irritation; itching. — etmek to be irritated; to itch, tahassul, -lü obs. resulting from, emerging as a result of; emerging, resulting. — etmek to result, emerge; /dan/ to result from, emerge as a result of. tahassun obs. barricading o.s.; entrenching o.s.; taking cover. — etmek /da/ to barricade o.s. (in); to entrench o.s. (in); to take cover (in), tahassür obs. longing, yearning. — etmek /a/ to long (for), yearn (for) (s.o./s.t.). tahassüs obs. being moved/touched emotionally.
   —   etmek to be moved/touched (emotionally).
tahaşşüt obs. concentration, amassing (of troops). — etmek (for troops) to be concentrated, be amassed, tahattur obs. recalling, remembrance. — etmek hi to recall, remember, tahavvül obs. changing, change, conversion. — etmek to change, undergo a change, tahayyül 1. imagining, imagination. 2. fantasizing; daydreaming. — etmek 1. hi to imagine, picture (s.t./s.o.) to o.s. 2. to fantasize; to daydream, tahdidat, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. limitations; restrictions. 2. delimitations, demarcations, tahdidi (.— —) obs. 1. restrictive, restricting, limiting. 2. delimiting, demarcating, tahdit 1. limitation; restriction. 2. delimitation, demarcation. — etmek hi 1. to limit; to restrict. 2. to delimit, demarcate, tahfif obs. 1. lightening (the weight/the load of).
   2.  alleviation, mitigation, lightening (the severity of). — etmek hi 1. to lighten (the weight/the load of). 2. to alleviate, mitigate, ease.
tahıl 1. grain (the harvested seeds of any of the cereal plants). 2. cereal plant, cereal, tahin (—.) tahini, crushed sesame seeds (form-
tahini
 819
tahrip
    ing a thick fluid of sesame husks and oil).
    —  helvası halvah, halavah.
tahini            1. tan, tan-colored. 2. tan (the
    color).
tahinrengi, -ni (—/..) 1. tan (the color). 2. tan, tan-colored.
tahkik, -ki investigating, investigation. — etmek III to investigate, tahkikat, -ti (.—.) inquiry; inquest; probe, investigation. — yapmak to conduct an inquiry/an inquest/a probe/an investigation, tahkim 1. obs. strengthening. 2. mil. fortifying, fortification. 3. obs., law appointment of (s.o.) as an arbitrator. 4. obs., law resolution of (a dispute) by arbitration. — etmek III 1. obs. to strengthen. 2. mil. to fortify (a place).
    3. obs., law to appoint (s.o.) as an arbitrator.
    4. obs., law to resolve (a dispute) by arbitration.
tahkimat, -ti (.—.) mil. fortifications, tahkimli 1. obs. strengthened. 2. mil. fortified (place).
tahkir 1. insulting (s.o.). 2. regarding (s.o.) with contempt; despising; scorning. — etmek 111
    1.     to insult. 2. to regard (s.o.) with contempt, contemn; to despise; to scorn, tahkiye obs. relating (a story), narration. —- etmek h! to relate (a story); to weave (a story) together.
tahlif (.—) obs. causing (s.o.) to take an oath; swearing (a witness). — etmek hi to cause (s.o.) to take an oath; to swear, administer an oath to (a witness), tahlil analysis. — etmek hi to analyze, tahlili (.— —) analytical, tahlisiye (.— ..) obs. lifeboat service. — sandalı lifeboat. — simidi life buoy, life preserver.
    —  yeleği life jacket, life vest.
tahliye 1. emptying (a vehicle/a vessel) (of cargo); unloading/discharging (cargo). 2. evacuation (of people/an area). 3. vacating (a building). 4. setting free, releasing (a prisoner). — etmek III 1. to empty (a vehicle/a vessel) (of cargo); to unload/discharge (cargo). 2. to evacuate (people/an area). 3. to vacate (a building). 4. to set free, release (a prisoner).
tahmil obs. 1. loading. 2. imposition (of a task).
    3.    imputation (of blame/responsibility). — etmek /ı, a/ 1. to load (cargo) into (a vehicle/ a vessel). 2. to impose (a task) on (s.o.), saddle (s.o.) with (a task); to charge (s.o.) with (a task). 3. to lay (the blame/the responsibility for s.t.) on (s.o.). tahmin 1. guess; conjecture; surmisal. 2. estimation, judging, reckoning; forecasting, prediction. — etmek 111 1. to guess; to conjecture; to surmise. 2. to estimate, judge, reckon; to forecast, predict, tahminen (.—'.) approximately, roughly.
tahmini (.--------) 1. conjectural. 2. approximate.
    3.     in conjectures. 4. in approximations, tahminlemek 111 see tahmin etmek.
tahmis obs. 1. roasting (coffee, etc.). 2. coffee store, store selling roasted and ground coffee.
    —      etmek hi to roast (coffee, etc.). tahmisçi obs. person who roasts, grinds, and
    sells coffee, coffee seller, tahmishane (..— .) obs. coffee store, store selling roasted and ground coffee, tahnit, -ti 1. embalming (a corpse). 2. stuffing (of dead animals by a taxidermist). 3. treating (wood, etc.) with a preservative. — etmek hi 1. to embalm (a corpse). 2. to stuff (a dead animal). 3. to treat (wood, etc.) with a preservative, tahnitçi 1. embalmer (of corpses). 2. taxidermist. 3. person who treats wood, etc. with a preservative, tahnitçilik 1. embalming, being an embalmer.
    2.     taxidermy, being a taxidermist. 3. treating wood, etc. with a preservative, tahnitlemek hi see tahnit etmek, tahra prov. 1. pruning hook. 2. sickle, reaping hook. 3. ax, axe.
Tahran (/.) Tehran, Teheran (in Iran), tahret, -ti colloq., see taharet, tahretlenme colloq., see taharetlenme, tahretlenmek colloq., see taharetlenmek, tahretsiz slang, off. (a) non-Muslim, giaour, kaffir, infidel, tahribat, -ti (.—.) destruction, damage, tahrif fraudulent alteration; distortion (of a meaning); misrepresentation (of facts). — etmek hi to alter fraudulently; to distort (a meaning); to misrepresent (facts), tahrifat, -ti (.—.) fraudulent alterations; distortions; misrepresentations, tahrik, -ki 1. incitement, provocation, instigation, fomentation. 2. moving, setting in motion; driving, propelling. 3. exciting, stimulating, arousing. — etmek hi 1. to incite, provoke, instigate, foment. 2. to move, set in motion; to drive, propel. 3. to excite, stimulate, arouse (especially used of sexual excitement). — sistemi drive, drive system (of a machine), tahrikât, -ti (.------) obs. 1. incitements, provo-
    cations, instigations, abetments. 2. incitement, provocation, instigation, abetment, tahrikçi 1. instigator, fomenter, provocator, provocateur. 2. (person) who instigates/foments/ provokes something, tahril obs. line, stripe.
tahrilleme hi obs. darkening (one’s eyes) (with makeup).
tahrillemek hi obs. to darken (one’s eyes) (with makeup).
tahrilli obs. lined, marked with lines; striped.
    —  cam see çeşmibülbül. — göz eye the iris of which exhibits marked striations of color.
tahrip destruction, devastation; demolition. — bombası demolition bomb. — danesi see tahrip maddesi. — etmek hi to destroy, ruin, devastate; to demolish. — kalıbı demolition charge (of dynamite). — maddesi
tahripkâr
 820
tahterevalli
    common shell, shell, obus. — mangası mil. demolition squad, tahripkâr destructive, devastating, tahrir obs. 1. writing (s.t.) down; composing, drafting. 2. registering, recording (s.t.) in a register. 3. piece of writing, composition, essay. 4. population census; cadastral survey. —i emlak cadastral survey. — etmek hi 1. to write (s.t.) down; to compose, draft. 2. to register, record (s.t.) in a register. — i nüfus population census, tahrirat, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. written work/correspondence (done in a government office). 2. dispatch/letter (sent by a government office).
    —      kalemi formerly secretariat (of a government office/bureau), tahriren (.—'.) obs. in writing.
tahriri (.-------) obs. written.
tahriş irritation (of a bodily organ/tissue). — edici 1. irritant, irritative, irritating (agent).
    2.     (an) irritant. — etmek hi to irritate (a bodily organ/tissue), tahsil 1. education; being educated; learning (s.t.). 2. collecting (money/taxes). — etmek
    1. to be educated, get an education, study. 2. hi to study (a subject). 3. hi to collect (money/taxes). — görmek to get an education, be educated. — hesapları com. accounts receivable. — memuru 1. person who collects money for a municipal authority. 2. tax collector.
tahsilat, -ti (.—.) 1. revenue, money received.
    2. tax revenue. — defteri com. book in which cash receipts are recorded. — veznedarı receiving teller (in a bank).
tahsildar 1. person who receives/collects money for an organization/a company. 2. receiving teller (in a bank). 3. tax collector, tahsildarlık 1. work of one who receives/collects payments. 2. tax collecting, being a tax collector.
tahsis appropriation, allotment, assignment. — etmek /i, a/ to appropriate/allot/assign (s.t.) to (s.o./s.t.), set aside (s.t.) for (s.o./s.t.). tahsisat, -ti (.—.) 1. money designated for a special purpose, appropriation, allotment; allowance. 2. appropriations, allotments (of money). — ayırmak /a/ to set aside money for, appropriate money for. — ı mesture obs. discretionary fund in the government budget (used to finance secret projects), tahsisli special, reserved for a special use. — yol a lane (or lanes) in a road set aside for the exclusive use of one type of vehicle, tahşit (.—) obs. concentration, amassing (of troops). — etmek hi to concentrate, amass (troops).
tahşiye obs. making notes in the margins of (a piece of writing), glossing. — etmek hi to make notes in the margins of, gloss (a piece of writing).
taht, -ti throne, —a çıkarmak hi to put (s.o.) on the throne, enthrone, —a çıkmak to
   ascend the throne, —a geçirmek hi see tahta çıkarmak, —a geçmek see tahta çıkmak, —tan indirmek hi to dethrone, —a oturmak see tahta çıkmak, —a oturtmak hi see tahta çıkarmak, tahta 1. board, plank; batten. 2. board, flat surface: ütü tahtası ironing board, satranç tahtası chessboard, ekmek tahtası breadboard (used when slicing bread). 3. blackboard. 4. sheet (of metal). 5. prov. long, narrow bed (for plants). 6. (s.t.) made of boards/ planks/battens. 7. wooden (implement): tahta kaşık wooden spoon, —dan wooden. — bezi (a) cloth (used for cleaning the floor), floorcloth. — biçmek to saw wood into boards/planks/battens. — ya, çamaşıra gitmek colloq. 1. to clean houses and wash clothes for a living. 2. /a/ to go to (s.o.’s house) to do the cleaning and the washing, —sı eksik colloq. (s.o.) who has a screw loose, who’s not all there, cracked, nutty, Brit, barmy. — havale see tahta perde, —ya kaldırmak hi (for a teacher) to call (a student) to the blackboard. — perde board fence/partition; temporary fence or barrier wall of boards (built around or in front of a construction site), Brit, hoarding, tahtabiti, -ni (./..) zool., see tahtakurusu, tahtaboş wooden balcony; wooden platform on a roof (in either case usually covered with zinc and used for drying laundry).
Tahtacı (a) Takhtadjy (a member of a subgroup of the Alevis). tahtakoz slang 1. the police, the cops, the fuzz.
   2.     policeman, cop, fuzz, tahtakurdu, -nu (./..) zool. furniture beetle, Anobium punctatum. tahtakuruları, -m (./....) zool. Heteroptera. tahtakurusu, -nu (./...) zool. bedbug, Cimex lectularius.
tahtalı 1. made of boards/planks/battens. 2. zool. ringdove, wood pigeon, Columba palumbus.
   —   köy slang cemetery, boneyard. — köyü boylamak slang to die, kick the bucket. — köye yollamak hi slang to kill, put (s.o.) away.
tahtapabuç (./..) prov. (flat-soled, open-heeled) house shoe, house slipper, tahtapamuk (./..) cotton stuffing (used in upholstering).
tahtapul (./.) (wooden) shingle (used in roofing).
tahtapuş (..—) obs., see tahtaboş, tahtasakal (./..) prov. having a full, square-cut beard.
tahtelarz (/..) obs. subterranean, underground, situated underground, tahtelbahir, -hri (/...) obs. 1. submarine, situated under the sea. 2. (a) submarine, tahtelcilt (/..) obs., med. subcutaneous, tahtelhifz (/..) obs. under guard; in custody, tahterevalli (.../.) seesaw, teeterboard, teeter -totter.
tahteşşuur
821
takdirkâr
tahteşşuur (/...) obs. the subconscious, tahtezzemin (/...) obs. subterranean, underground, situated underground, tahtırevan 1. howdah. 2. palanquin, tahvil 1. transforming, transformation; conversion; transfer. 2.fin. debenture bond, debenture, bond. — etmek hi to transform; to convert; to transfer, tahvilat, -ti fin. debenture bonds, taife 1. gang, bunch; troop, band. 2. tribe.
    3. ship’s crew, ship’s company. 4. ship’s crewman, sailor. 5. hangers-on, fawning followers.
’tak used to indicate a knocking!rapping!thumping sound: Kitap tak diye kafama düştü. The book fell on my head with a thump. 2tak, -ki (—) arch (usually erected over a street as a decoration). —ı zafer obs., arch., see takizafer.
’taka 1. a small, single-masted boat (used for fishing and goods transport). 2. slang dilapidated automobile, rattletrap, jalopy.
2taka prov. 1. small window located near the ceiling. 2. niche (in a wall), takaddüm obs. 1. antecedence. 2. precedence.
    3. doing something before (s.o. else) does it.
    —  etmek /a/ 1. to antecede. 2. to have precedence over. 3. to do something before (s.o. else) does it, act before (s.o. else) does.
takallüs obs. contraction (of a muscle). — etmek (for a muscle) to contract, draw, takamak tacamahac, tacamahaca (a resin), takamaka see takamak. takanak prov. 1. thing that is connected with or related to something else, ramification. 2. outstanding debt; outstanding obligation. 3. millstone around one’s neck (person/thing with whom one is burdened in some way).
    4. relationship, relations, dealings (with s.o.).
    5. piece of jewelry.
takarrüp obs. approaching, approach, drawing near. — etmek /a/ to approach, draw near, near.
takarrür obs. 1. establishment, being established. 2. being decided. 3. being set, being fixed, being scheduled. — etmek 1. to be established. 2. to be decided. 3. to be set, be scheduled.
takas 1. settling (accounts) with each other. 2. com. clearing. 3. barter. — etmek III 1. to settle (accounts) with each other. 2. com. to clear. 3. to barter. — odası com. clearinghouse. —- tukas etmek/olmak colloq. to square accounts with each other, takat, -ti (—.) strength, fund of strength. — getirmek /a/ to have the strength to put up with. — i kalmamak/kesilmek/tükenmek to have no more strength left, be exhausted, be worn out. takatli (—..) full of strength, takatsiz (—..) drained of strength, weak, debilitated.
takatsizlik (—...) weakness, debilitation, debil-
     ity, lassitude.
. takatuka (../.) 1. noise, tumult, commotion. 2. print, quoin. 3. formerly spittoon, takayyüt obs. 1. giving careful attention to, attentiveness. 2. vigilance. — etmek 1. /a/ to give careful attention to. 2. to be vigilant, takaza harping at (s.o.) about a favor one has done him/her. — etmek /a/ to rub in the fact that one has done (s.o.) a favor, takbih (.—) obs. pronouncing (s.o./s.t.) shameful/disgraceful/disgusting. — ctmek hi to pronounce (s.o./s.t.) shameful/disgraceful/disgusting.
  takdim (.—) 1. introducing (one person) to (another). 2. presenting/offering/tendering (s.t.) to (s.o.). — etmek /ı, a/ 1. to introduce (one person) to (another); to present (one person) to (another). 2. to present/offer/tender (s.t.) to (s.o.). — ve tehir obs., gram, inversion of the word order in a sentence, inversion, inverted order, takdimci master of ceremonies, emcee, Brit. compere.
  takdimcilik being a master of ceremonies, emceeing, Brit, compering, takdir (.—) 1. appreciation, recognition of the worth/the merit/the importance of (s.o./s.t.).
     2.     appreciation, understanding fully, being fully sensible of. 3. approval, commendation, applause. 4. estimating the worth of, evaluating, valuing, setting a value on; appraising (the worth) of; assessing (the worth) of. 5. individual judgment, discretion. 6. law judicial discretion. 7. the will of God, fate; God’s foreordaining (s.t.); predestination. (...) —de in the event that ..., in the event of ..., if Yağmur yağdığı takdirde toplantı ertelenecek. In the event of rain the meeting will be postponed. — e bağlı muamele law discretionary act. —ine bırakmak /ı, m/ to leave (a matter) to (s.o.) to decide, leave (a matter) to (s.o.’s) judgment/discretion. — böyle imiş, colloq. This is the way it was fated to be. — etmek hi 1. to appreciate, recognize the worth/the merit/the importance of (s.o./s.t.). 2. to appreciate, understand fully, be fully sensible of. 3. to approve, commend, applaud. 4. to estimate the worth of, evaluate, value, set a value on; to appraise (the worth) of; to assess (the worth) of. 5. (for God) to foreordain, predestine. — hakkı law (a judge’s) right to exercise judicial discretion, —ine kalmak Iml (for a matter) to be left to (s.o.) to decide, be left to (s.o.’s) judgment/ discretion, —ini kazanmak Iml to win (s.o.’s) approval. — i kıymet appraisal; assessment. — tedbiri bozar, proverb Man proposes but God disposes. — toplamak to win general approval. — yerini bulmak for what was fated to happen to happen. — yetkisi law, see takdir hakkı, takdirkâr 1. admirer; appreciator. 2. admiring; appreciative.
takdirname
 822
takibat
takdirname           certificate/letter of commen-
   dation.
takdis 1. blessing; consecration; sanctification, hallowing. 2. regarding (s.o./s.t.) as sacred, revering, veneration. 3. glorifying (God). — etmek lit 1. to bless; to consecrate; to sanctify, hallow. 2. to regard (s.o./s.t.) as sacred, revere, venerate. 3. to glorify (God), takı 1. gram, suffix used as a case ending. 2. piece of jewelry pinned or otherwise attached to a girl at her engagement party or wedding feast. 3. piece of jewelry, takılgan (s.o.) who likes to kid/tease (in a good -natured way).
Takılı gram, (word) which has a case ending suffixed to it.
2takılı /a/ 1. attached to, fastened to, affixed to; pinned to. 2. stuck on, hung up on, snagged on (a problem), takılma 1. /a/ being attached to, being fastened to, being affixed to, being put on; being pinned to; being hung on. 2. /a/ teasing, kidding (in a good-natured way). 3. /a/ getting stuck on, getting hung up on, getting snagged on (a problem). 4. /a/ being stopped by (s.o.) for a friendly chat, being waylaid by (s.o.).
   5.  /da/ being delayed in, getting hung up in (a place).
takılmak 1. /a/ to be attached to, be fastened to, be affixed to, be put on; to be pinned ^to; to be hung on. 2. /a/ to tease, kid (in a good-natured way). 3. /a/ to get stuck on, get hung up on, get snagged on (a problem). 4. /a/ to be stopped by (s.o.) for a friendly chat, be waylaid by (s.o.). 5. /da/ to be delayed in, get hung up in (a place), takılıp kalmak 1. /da/ to be delayed in (a place) for a considerable length of time. 2. /a/ to be waylaid by (s.o.) for a considerable length of time. 3. /a/ (for one’s eyes/ mind) to remain fixed on. 4. /a/ to remain hung up on, remain stuck on. takım 1. group/team/crew/troop/set/gang/ band/bunch (of people). 2. set (of things): çay takımı tea set, tea service, or set of napkins (to be used with a tea set), tornavida takımı set of screwdrivers, oda takımı living-room suite (of furniture), yatak takımı bedroom suite (of furniture) or set of bedsheets and pillowcases (for one bed). 3. mech. train: dişli takımı gear train. 4. suit (of playing cards). 5. bot., zool. order. 6. mil. platoon. 7. prov. cigarette holder. 8. gram., see tamlama. — elbise (man’s) suit. — mukavelesi/sözleşmesi collective agreement (between an employer and a group of workers).
   —   takım in groups. — taklavat colloq. the whole kit and caboodle, the whole push. — tutmak to support a (sports) team, be a fan of a team, root for a team. — ı yatırmak slang to lose the game for one’s team, cause one’s team to lose the game. — yatmak slang for a team to lose the game. — ı
   yırtmak slang to manage to beat the opposing team, bir — ciğer butchery a pair of lungs.
takımada (./..) archipelago, group/chain of islands.
takimerki, -ni (./..) oligarchy, takımyıldız (./..) astr. constellation, takmak psych, obsession, takınaklı psych, obsessive. — zorgu tepkisi psych, obsessive-compulsive reaction, takmma hi 1. assuming (an air/an expression).
   2.     putting on (a piece of jewelry/a sword), takınmak N 1. to assume (an air/an expression): Ciddiyetini takındı. He assumed an air of seriousness. 2. to put on (a piece of jewelry/ a sword).
takıntı 1. thing that is connected with or related to something else, ramification: O meseleyi bütün takıntılarıyla konuştuk. We discussed that matter and the things related to it. 2. outstanding debt; outstanding obligation. 3. person (for whom one is obliged to do s.t.). 4. relationship, relations, dealings (with s.o.). 5. subject which a student has flunked. 6. prov. piece of jewelry, takırdama rattling/clattering/banging (of s.t.). takırdamak to rattle; to clatter; to bang, takırdatma hi rattling/clattering/banging (s.t.). takırdatmak hi to rattle; to clatter; to bang, takır takır (./ ..) 1. used to indicate a rattling/ clattert.ig/banging noise: Atların takır takır geçişini işittim. I heard the clopping of the horses’ hooves. 2. very stale (food). 3. very stiff and dry. 4. very hard and dry. 5. frozen hard. — donmak to freeze solid, be frozen as hard as a rock. — kurumak (for s.t.) to dry until it’s as stiff as can be; (for soil) to dry until it’s as hard as a rock, takırtı rattle; clatter; bang; clop-clop, clip-clop. takır tukur (./ ..) used to indicate a rattling/ clattering/banging noise which is unpleasantly loud: Öğrenciler üst kattaki koridordan takır tukur geçtiler. The students clomped down the upstairs hall, takışma 1. teasing/kidding each other (good-naturedly). 2. quarreling with each other (verbally). 3. h! fastening/pinning (s.t.) on together.
                              takışmak 1. to tease/kid each other (good-na-turedly). 2. to quarrel with each other (verbally). 3. h! to fasten/pin (s.t.) on together, takıştırma putting on a lot of jewels, decking
   o.s. out in jewels, takıştırmak to put on a lot of jewels, deck o.s.
                              out in jewels, takıyye 1. Islam dissimulation of one’s religion (under duress or in the face of threatening damage). 2. colloq. dissimulation, dissimulating, dissembling, hiding under false appearance. 3. obs. fear, caution, prudence, takizafer (—...) obs., arch, triumphal arch, takibat, -ti (— —.) law legal proceedings, legal action; prosecution (of a case). — ta bu-
 takim
    luninak to be engaged in legal proceedings (against).
 takim (.—) obs. 1. sterilization. 2. rendering (s.t.) fruitless/unproductive. — etmek III 1. to sterilize. 2. to render (s.t.) fruitless/unproductive.
 takimetre (../.) 1. tachometer. 2. surveying tachymeter.
 takip (—.) 1. following; pursuing, pursuit; trailing. 2. following, coming after, succeeding.
    3.    following, taking (s.o./s.t.) as one’s example. 4. pursuing (an end/a goal). 5. pursuing, busying o.s. with (a matter). 6. following; watching closely; keeping one’s mind on; keeping abreast of. 7. keeping up with, following (a fashion). 8. legal proceedings (especially those initiated against a debtor); prosecution (of a case). — etmek Iı/ 1. to follow; to pursue; to trail. 2. to follow, come after, succeed. 3. to follow, take (s.o./s.t.) as one’s example. 4. to pursue (an end/a goal). 5..to pursue, busy o.s. with (a matter). 6. to follow; to watch closely; to keep one’s mind on; to keep abreast of. 7. to keep up with, follow (a fashion), takipsiz (—..) (matter) which has not been pursued.
takipsizlik (—...) 1. (a matter’s) not being pursued, lack of pursuit. 2. law lack of grounds (for legal action). — kararı law judicial decision to abate an action; judicial decision to quash a charge/an indictment, takkadak (/..) colloq. all of a sudden, suddenly, takke skullcap. — düştü, kel göründü, proverb Now we see what dirty work he’s been up to ./Now we know the embarrassing truth, takla somersault; cartwheel. — atmak 1. to turn a somersault; to turn a cartwheel. 2. colloq. to rejoice, jump for joy. (önünde) — atmak Iml colloq. to toady to, truckle to (s.o.). — attırmak /a/ to twist (s.o.) around one’s little finger. — kılmak see takla atmak, taklaböceği, -ni (./...) zool. click beetle, snapping beetle, Agriotes lineatus. taklaböcekleri, -ni (./....) zool. Elateridae. taklak see takla.
 taklavat, -ti used in: takım taklavat colloq., see takım.
 takliden (.—.) Ill obs. 1. copying, imitating. 2. aping. 3. mimicking, mocking.
 taklidi (.-----) obs. 1. imitative. 2. counterfeit.
 taklip (.—) obs. 1. turning; turning over; inverting; overturning, upsetting. 2. overthrowing, toppling. 3. transforming, transformation. — etmek hi 1. to turn; to turn over; to invert; to overturn, upset. 2. to overthrow, topple.
    3.    to transform. — i hükümet coup d’etat, taklit 1. copying, reproducing, duplicating, making an imitation of. 2. trying to act like, imitating, aping (s.o./an animal). 3. mimicking; impersonating; mocking. 4. faking; counterfeiting. 5. fake; counterfeit. 6. imitative. — etmek hi 1. to copy, reproduce, duplicate,
823                                          takrir
   imitate, make an imitation of (s.t.). 2. to try to act like, imitate, ape (s.o./an animal). 3. to mimic; to impersonate; to mock. 4. to fake; to counterfeit, taklitçi 1. imitator, copier. 2. mimic, person who is good at mimicking/mocking. 3. (s.o.) who imitates/copies. 4. (s.o.) who is good at mimicking/mocking, taklitçilik 1. imitating, copying; being an imitator/a copier. 2. mimicry, mimicking; mocking; being a mimic/a mocker, takma 1. hi attaching, fastening, affixing, putting (s.t.) on; pinning (s.t.) to; hanging (s.t.) on. 2. /a/ colloq. picking on, singling (s.o.) out for harassment. 3. /a, ı/ giving (a name) to. 4. /a, i/ colloq. doing/diddling (s.o.) out of (a certain amount of money). 5. /dan/ school slang failing, flunking. 6. prefabricated. 7. artificial (limb/eye/tooth); glass (eye); false (beard). — ad 1. nickname. 2. pen name. — dişler false teeth, dentures. — motor outboard motor (for a boat). — saç wig; toupee, takmak 1. hf to attach, fasten, affix, put (s.t.) on; to pin (s.t.) to; to hang (s.t.) on. 2. /a/ colloq. to pick on, single (s.o.) out for harassment. 3. /a, if to give (a name) to. 4. /a, i/ colloq. to do/diddle (s.o.) out of (a certain amount of money). 5. /dan/ school slang to fail, flunk, takıp takıştırmak to deck o.s. out in jewelry, takmama hi slang not paying any mind to, not taking notice of (s.o.). takmamak hi slang not to pay any mind to, not to take notice of (s.o.). takoz 1. (wooden) wedge, chock. 2. shore (used to support a ship on the ways). 3. plug (piece of wood imbedded in a wall as a ground for a nail, screw, etc.). 4. block (to which sandpaper is attached), takozlama hi 1. putting a wedge/a chock under/ behind (s.t.). 2. shoring up (a ship). 3. imbedding plugs in (a wall), takozlamak hi 1. to put a wedge/a chock under/ behind (s.t.). 2. to shore up (a ship). 3. to imbed plugs in (a wall), takriben (.—'•) approximately, about.
 takribi (.----) approximate.
 takrip (.—) obs. 1. bringing/putting (s.t./s.o.) near; causing/allowing (s.o./s.t.) to approach; approximating. 2. approximation, estimation.
   3.    pretext, means. — etmek /ı, a/ to bring/ put (s.t./s.o.) near; to cause/allow (s.o./s.t.) to approach, takrir 1. obs. explaining, setting forth, presenting, expounding. 2. obs. motion; proposal.
   3. obs. official note/memorandum. 4. law conveyance, official transfer of the title to a piece of real estate. 5. obs. establishing, securing. — etmek hi obs. 1. to present, set forth, expound. 2. to establish, secure. — vermek 1. law to state officially that one has relinquished the title to a piece of real
takriz
 824
talazlık
                               estate. 2. obs. to submit a motion/a proposal, takriz obs. 1. laudatory preface to a book (written by s.o. other than the book’s author). 2. laudatory review (of a piece of writing).
                               taksa (/.) the amount of postage due on a letter bearing insufficient postage, coupled with a fine (It is collected from the addressee.).
    —      pulu postage-due stamp, taksalı (/..) (letter) bearing a postage-due stamp, taksi (/.) taxi, cab, taxicab. — durağı cabstand, taxi stand, Brit, cab/taxi rank. — şoförü taxi driver, cabdriven taksici 1. cabby, cabbie, taxi driver, cabdriver.
    2. operator of a taxi fleet.
taksicilik 1. working as a taxi driver. 2. operating a taxi fleet, taksim 1. dividing (s.t.) up. 2. math, division.
    3. place containing a reservoir from which water is distributed to various parts of a city.
    4. slash mark, slash, diagonal, virgüle. 5. math, division sign. 6. classical Turk. mus. an instrumental improvisation. — davası law action for partition. — etmek 1. h/ to divide (s.t.) up. 2. h, a/ math, to divide (one figure) into/by (another): Dördü ikiye taksim etti. He divided four by two ./He divided two into four. 3. classical Turk. mus. to improvise. — geçmek classical Turk, mus., see taksim yapmak. — işareti 1. slash mark, slash, diagonal, virgüle. 2. math, division sign. — yapmak classical Turk. mus. to improvise.
taksimat, -ti (.—.) obs. divisions, sections, taksimetre (../.) taximeter, taksir (.—) obs. 1. cutting (s.t.) short, curtailing.
    2. failing to or being unable to perform one’s duty properly; being remiss, negligence. — etmek 1. hi to cut (s.t.) short, curtail. 2. to fail to or be unable to perform one’s duty properly; to be remiss, be negligent.
taksirat, -ti (.------) 1. sins. 2. negligences, in-
    stances of negligence. 3. colloq. fate, taksit, -ti installment, payment, —le (buying) on the installment plan; (paying a sum) in installments. — taksit (paying a sum) in installments, taksitçi 1. person who buys something on the installment plan. 2. person who sells something on the installment plan, taksonomi taxonomy.
                               takt, -ti tact, consideration, delicacy. — sahibi tactful, considerate, tak tak (/ .) used to indicate a loud knocking/ rapping sound: Tak tak kapıya vurdu. He knocked sharply on the door. Tak tak cama vuruyordu. He was rapping loudly on the windowpane. taktırma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) attach/fasten/affix/ pin (s.t.) to; having (s.o.) hang (s.t.) on. taktırmak /ı, aI to have (s.o.) attach/fasten/affix/ pin (s.t.) to; to have (s.o.) hang (s.t.) on. takti, -ii (.—) obs. cutting (s.t.) up into pieces.
    —     etmek III to cut (s.t.) up into pieces, taktik 1. mil. tactics. 2. tactic, maneuver; stratagem. 3. tactical, taktir (.—) obs. distillation. — etmek hi to distill.
tak tuk (/ .) 1. Knock! Knock! 2. used to indicate an unpleasantly loud knocking sound: Birisi kapıya tak tuk vuruyor. Somebody’s banging at the door, taktuka (./.) see takatuka, takunya (./.) clog (consisting of a thick wooden sole with a toe strap attached), takva (.—) god-fearing behavior, godliness, takvim calendar. — yılı calendar year, takviye 1. strengthening; reinforcement. 2. mil. reinforcement, additional unit of troops. — etmek hi to strengthen; to reinforce, takyidat, -ti (.— —) obs. limitations, restrictions.
takyit (.—) obs. 1. making (s.t.) subject to (certain conditions/restrictions). 2. limiting, restricting. — etmek 1. /i, a/ to put (certain conditions) on (s.t.), make (s.t.) subject to (certain conditions). 2. hf to limit, restrict, tal bot. thallus.
talak, -ki (.—) Islamic law divorce (of a wife by her husband). — ı selase Islamic law irrevocable divorce (of a wife by her husband), talakat, -ti (.—.) obs. eloquence, talakatli (.—..) obs. eloquent, talama hi prov. pillaging, plundering, talamak hi prov. to pillage, plunder, talan pillage, plundering; sack. — etmek hi to pillage, plunder; to sack, talaş 1. wood shavings. 2. sawdust. 3. metal filings. 4. marble chippings. talaşkebabı, -ni (./...) bits of meat that are cooked, then wrapped in pastry and baked, talaşlama hi covering (a place) with sawdust, sprinkling sawdust over (a place), talaşlamak hi to cover (a place) with sawdust, sprinkle sawdust over (a place), talaşlanma being covered/sprinkled with sawdust.
talaşlanmak to be covered/sprinkled with sawdust.
talaz 1. prov. wave (in the sea). 2. undulation, ripple (in a piece of silk or a silklike fabric).
talazlanma 1. prov. billowing, undulation (of the sea). 2. rippling (of silk, silklike cloth), falling in soft, undulating folds. 3. prov. (of a flock of sheep being driven somewhere) undulating, undulation, moving forward as an undulating mass, talazlanmak 1. prov. (for the sea) to billow, undulate. 2. (for silk, silklike cloth) to ripple, fall in soft, undulating folds. 3. prov. (for a flock of sheep being driven somewhere) to undulate, move forward as an undulating mass.
talazlık naut. washboard, washstroke, waste-board (of a boat).
talebe
 825
tam
talebe student; pupil, talebelik being a student/a pupil, talep 1. wanting, requiring, demanding, demand; formal request. 2. com. demand. — etmek h! to want, require, demand, request, talepname (..— .) law written request/demand, taler taler, thaler (coin once issued in Germany and Austria), tali (— —) obs. secondary; subordinate: tali cümle gram, subordinate clause, tali komisyon subcommittee, tali mektep secondary school, tali yol secondary road, talih (—.) luck, fortune. — kuşu colloq. good luck, —ine küsmek to curse one’s luck.
    —i olmamak to be unlucky. — im olsaydı anamdan kız doğardım, colloq. Men have it rough in life; it’s the women who have an easy time of it. — i yaver gitmek (— yüzüne gülmek) Iml colloq. to enjoy a streak of good luck, talihli (—..) lucky, fortunate, talihsiz (—..) unlucky, unfortunate. — hacıyı deve üstünde yılan sokar, proverb A person who tries to do something that he isn’t fated to do finds that his efforts are frustrated in the most unlikely ways, talihsizlik (—...) bad luck, misfortune, talik, -ki/-ki (------) 1. obs. postponing, post-
    ponement. 2. obs. (one thing’s) being contingent on, depending on, hinging on (another). 3. obs. hanging (s.t.) to. 4. a style of Arabic script. — etmek obs. 1. /i, a/ to postpone (s.t.) until. 2. /a/ (for one thing) to be contingent on, depend on, hinge on (another).
    3.    /i, a/ to hang (s.t.) to. talika (./.) telega (a small, horsedrawn vehicle used for transporting goods), talim (-—■.) 1. teaching, instructing, instruction.
    2. practicing (s.t.), practice; drill; exercise.
    3. having (s.o.) practice (s.t.). 4. mil. drill.
    —  etmek 1. hi to teach, instruct. 2. hi to practice (s.t.). 3. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) practice (s.t.). 4. hi mil. to drill (soldiers). 5. /a/ colloq. to work for (an amount that is far too low). 6. /a/ colloq. to make do with; to have to make do with. — fişeği blank, blank cartridge. — meydanı mil. drill field. — ve terbiye training.
talimat, -ti (--------.) instructions, directions. —
    vermek /a/ to instruct (s.o.) as to how he/ she is to do something, talimatname (---------.—.) regulations book; regu-
    lations booklet, talimgâh (—..) mil. training center; training camp.
talimhane (—.— .) mil. drill field.
talimi (---------) obs. instructional, educational.
talimli (—..) 1. (soldier) who has gone through basic training; trained (troops). 2. trained, (person/animal) who/which has undergone training: talimli fil trained elephant, talimname (—.—.) mil. 1. field manual. 2. technical manual.
talip (—.) 1. /a/ (s.o.) who wants/desires/seeks (s.t.). 2. suitor, wooer. 3. customer. 4. applicant. — çıkmak /a/ 1. to become the suitor of. 2. (for a woman) to have a suitor. — olmak /a/ 1. to want, desire, seek; to apply for. 2. to seek the hand of (a woman) in marriage, talipli (—..) colloq., see talip, talk, -ki geol. talc, talcum, magnesium silicate.
    —      pudrası talcum powder, talc, talkım bot. cyme, talkm colloq., see telkin, tallahi (/—.) By God! (used after vallahi or billahi): Vallahi tallahi! I swear to God that it’s the truth! tallibitkiler (./...) bot. Thallophyta.
Talmut Judaism the Talmud, taltif obs. 1. winning the heart of, pleasing (s.o.). 2. rewarding (s.o.). — etmek hi 1. to win the heart of, please. 2. to reward, talveg, -gi (/.) geog. thalweg. — hattı/çizgisi law thalweg, talyum (/.) chem. thallium, tam 1. whole, full; complete, perfect: tam ekmek a whole loaf of bread, tam maaş full salary, tam beş kilo a full five kilos, tam yetki full authority, full power, tam istihdam full employment, tam üye full member. tam pansiyon full pension, full room and board, tam bir Fransız a Frenchman through and through, tam bir ziyafet a real banquet, tam bir rezalet an out-and-out disgrace. 2. exactly; right; immediately; precisely; just: Orada tam on yıl çalıştı. He worked there for exactly ten years. Tam zamanında geldin. You’ve come right on time. Tam karşımda oturuyordu. She was sitting immediately opposite me. Şimdi tam sırası! Now’s just the right time! Tam istediğiniz gibi yaptim. I did it just as you wanted me to. 3. fully, completely: Görevini tam yapmanı istiyorum. I want you to carry out your duty to the full. — açı geom. perigon, round angle. — adamını bulmak to choose just the right person for the job. — adamına düşmek for either the best or the worst person possible to fall to one’s lot. — bilet
    1. full-price ticket; full-fare ticket. 2. whole (lottery) ticket. — bölen math., see tam-bölen. — çark instrument used by a watchmaker to cut teeth in a wheel to be used in the mechanism of a watch/a clock. — çiçek bot. perfect flower, monoclinous flower. — gaz çalışmak colloq. to go great guns. — gaz gitmek colloq. to go lickety-split; to burn up the road. — gelmek (for s.t.) to be a perfect fit. — gölge astr. umbra. — kısım characteristic (of a logarithm). — maaşla tekaüt joc. (s.o.) who’s got it easy (because he/she has a well-paid sinecure). — rekabet econ. perfect competition. —' sayı see tamsayı. —I—i tamma colloq. completely; in full. — teçhizat 1. mil. all the gear ordi-
 tamah                                            826
    narily issued to a soldier. 2. colloq. all the equipment needed to do a job. — teçhizat gelmek colloq. to come bringing all the necessary gear; to come fully equipped. — tertip thoroughly. — teşekküllü hastane general hospital. —tutulma astr. total eclipse.
    —  üstüne basmak colloq. 1. to hit the nail right on the head. 2. to find just what one has been looking for. — vaktinde see tam zamanında. — yol/yolla colloq. at full speed, at top speed, as fast as it/he/she can go. — zamanında 1. right on time, right on the dot. 2. at just the right moment.
tamah greed, cupidity, graspingness; avarice.
    —  etmek /a/ to desire (s.t.) greedily, slaver after. — ucundan belaya uğramak to suffer because of one’s greed. — varken müflis acından ölmez. (Tamah olmasa müflis acından ölür.) proverb A greedy person will always get by, even when he/she doesn’t have a penny to his/her name.
tamahkâr 1. greedy, grasping; avaricious. 2.
    stingy, tight, mean, miserly, tamahkârlık 1. greediness, graspingness; avarice. 2. stinginess, tightness, meanness, miserliness.
tamalgi (/..) phil., psych, apperception, tamam 1. all (of the), the whole (of the): Binanın tamamı yandı. The whole building burned down. 2. complete, not lacking in 4 any part. 3. ready; complete; finished. 4. correct, free of mistakes: Hesaplarınız tamam.
    Your arithmetic is correct. 5. used to express displeasure sarcastically: Tamam, bir bu eksikti! Great! This is all I need! 6. fully; for all of, for a whole: Tamam on gün sürdü. It went on all of ten days. T—! colloq.
    O.K.Î/A11 right!/Very well! —lyla completely, entirely, wholly, altogether. — etmek /ı/ 1. to complete, finish, terminate. 2. colloq. to kill; to bump (s.o.) off. — gelmek /a/ to be just right for, suit (s.o.) to a T. - olmak 1. to be ready; to be finished. 2. to end, come to an end. —-1 tamamına completely; in full, tamamen (.—'.) completely, entirely, wholly, altogether.
tamamiyet, -ti (.—..) obs. completeness, entirety, entireness, integrity, tamamlama /ı/ completing, completion, finishing; making (s.t.) complete/whole, filling in (the gap/the missing parts); complementing, tamamlamak /ı/ to complete, finish; to make (s.t.) complete/whole, fill in (the gap/the missing parts); to complement, tamamlanma being completed, being finished; being made complete/whole; being complemented.
tamamlanmak to be completed, be finished; to be made complete/whole; to be complemented.
tamamlatma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) complete (s.t.);
                            having (s.o.) make (s.t.) complete/whole, tamamlatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) complete
tamu
   (s.t.); to have (s.o.) make (s.t.) complete/ whole.
tamamlayıcı 1. (s.t.) which completes/supplements; complementary, complemental; supplementary, supplemental. 2. integral, constituent, component (part). — renkler complementary colors, tamasalak (/...) bot. 1. heterophyte. 2. hetero-phytic.
tambölen (/..) math, factor, tambur classical Turk. mus. a long-necked, stringed instrument similar to the mandolin, tambura (..'.) Turkish folk mus. any stringed instrument.
tamburacı (./..) person who plays/makes/sells tamburas.
tamburi (.-------) player of a tambur.
tamgün (/.) 1. full time. 2. full-time, tamik, -ki (—■ —) obs. 1. deepening, making (s.t.) deeper. 2. researching (s.t.) thoroughly, going into (a subject) deeply. — etmek /if
   1.  to deepen, make (s.t.) deeper. 2. to research (s.t.) thoroughly, go into (a subject) deeply.
tamim (—.) obs. 1. circular (a printed announcement). 2. generalizing, generalization.
   3.  making (s.t.) generally known; diffusing.
   4.  circularization, announcing (s.t.) by means of circulars. — etmek /ı/ 1. to generalize. 2. to make (s.t.) known; to diffuse. 3. to circularize, announce (s.t.) by means of circulars.
tamir (—.) 1. repair, repairing, fixing, mending.
   2.  making amends for. — etmek hi 1. to repair, fix, mend. 2. to make amends for.
   —   görmek to be repaired, be fixed, be mended. — e vermek hi to have (s.t.) repaired; to take (s.t.) to be repaired.
tamirat, -ti (------.) repairs.
tamirci (—..) repairman, tamirhane (—.—.) repair shop, tamlama gram. 1. noun phrase (a noun modified by an adjective or an adjective equivalent). 2. prepositional phrase, tamlanan gram, noun modified by an adjective or an adjective equivalent, tamlayan gram, adjective or adjective equivalent modifying a noun, modifier, tampon 1. med. tampon, pack, plug. 2. buffer, cushion. 3. chem. buffer. 4. bumper (of an automobile); buffer (on a railway car). 5. doorstop. 6. blotter (an implement to which blotting paper is attached). — bellek comp. cache memory. — bölge buffer zone. — çözelti chem. buffer solution. — devlet buffer state.
tamsayı (/..) 1. math, whole number, integer.
    2.    the total number (of people allowed to be on a committee or in an organization), tamtakır (/..) colloq. completely empty. — kuru/kırmızı bakır completely empty, tamtam 1. tom-tom. 2. tam-tam, Chinese gong, gong, tamu hell.
tamusal
 827
tanımlanmak
tamusal hellish, infernal, tan dawn, daybreak. — ağarmak to dawn, for day to break, tanassur obs. becoming a Christian. — etmek to become a Christian, tanbur classical Turk, mus., see tambur. Tanca (/.) Tangier, Tangiers (in Morocco), tandans tendency.
tandır 1. oven consisting of a clay-lined pit or a large earthen jar buried in the ground. 2. tendour, tandour, tendoor (a heating arrangement consisting of a brazier put under a table with a covering over the table and over the legs of those sitting around it). — başında oturmak to sit around a tendour.
    —  ekmeği bread baked in an oven in the ground. — kebabı see tandır kebabı. — kebesi thick felt mat spread over a tendour. — yorganı quilt spread over a tendour.
tandirkebabi, -m (./...) meat roasted in an oven in the ground, tandırname (..— .) old wives’ tale, tane (—.) 1. kernel, grain (of a cereal plant).
    2. grain (of sand, salt, sugar, etc.). 3. a single thing, item, piece (usually left untranslated): Beş tane istiyorum. I want five, dört tane mandalina four tangerines. Bu elmaların kilosu iki yüz bin lira, tanesi elli bin lira. These apples are two hundred thousand liras a kilo, or fifty thousand liras apiece. 4. bullet. — bağlamak (—ye gelmek) (for a cereal plant) to ear, ear up, form ears. — tane in separate particles/pieces; in distinct particles/pieces. — tane konuşmak to speak distinctly, pronounce one’s words distinctly.
    —  tane söylemek hi to say (s.t.) distinctly, pronounce (s.t.) distinctly.
tanecik (—..) 1. tiny kernel/grain (of a cereal plant). 2. granule (of sand, salt, sugar, etc.).
    3. all of, no more than, only: Beş tanecik kitabı var. He has all of five books. 4. particle.
tanecikli (—...) granular, tanecil (—..) granivorous (animal), taneleme (—...) hi 1. shelling, stripping the kernels from an ear of (wheat, corn, etc.); removing the pulpy seeds from (a pomegranate); removing the grapes from (a stalk of grapes). 2. granulating, making (s.t.) granular, granulation. — aleti sheller (e.g. corn sheller).
tanelemek (—...) hi 1. to shell, strip the kernels from an ear of (wheat, corn, etc.); to remove the pulpy seeds from (a pomegranate); to remove the grapes from (a stalk of grapes).
    2.     to granulate, make (s.t.) granular, tanelenme (—...) 1. earing, earing up (of a cereal plant). 2. (of wheat, com, etc.) being shelled. 3. being granulated, tanelenmek (—...) 1. (for a cereal plant) to ear, ear up, form ears. 2. (for wheat, corn, etc.) to be shelled. 3. to be granulated, taneli (—..) 1. grainy; composed of distinct
   grains. 2. (pilaf) cooked so that its grains do not stick together. 3. (cereal/pomegranate/ grape) which bears or has kernels/seeds/ grapes of (a certain) size: iri taneli bir mısır a large-kerneled variety of corn. 4. (grapes) which have dropped off their stalk, tanen tannin.
                             tanga (/.) 1. very skimpy bikini; G-string. 2.
                             very skimpy pair of panties, tangırdama clattering, clanging (of metal objects), making a clattering/clanging noise, tangırdamak (for metal objects) to clatter, clang, make a clattering/clanging noise, tangırdatma hi clattering, clanging (metal objects).
tangırdatmak 111 to clatter, clang (metal objects).
tangır tangır (./ ..) clatteringly, with a racket, tangırtı clatter, clang, racket, tangırtılı clattering, clattery, clanging, tangır tungur (./ ..) with a rude clatter, tango (/.) 1. tango. 2. obs., slang woman dolled up in Western clothes and high heels, tanı med. diagnosis. — radyolojisi diagnostic radiology.
tanıdık 1. acquaintance (person with whom one is acquainted). 2. (s.o.) whom one is acquainted with; (s.t.) which one is acquainted with; familiar, well-known. — çıkmak 1. to turn out to be somebody one knows. 2. to discover that they have met each other before: Biz tanıdık çıktık. We discovered that we had met each other before, tanık 1. witness, eyewitness. 2. example which proves a point. — olmak /a/ to see, witness.
   —   tepe geog., see tamktepe.
                             tanıklık witnessing, testifying; being a witness.
   —      etmek to testify, tamktepe (./..) geog. butte, tanılama med. diagnosis, tanılamak 111 med. to diagnose, tanılanma med. being diagnosed, tanılanmak med. to be diagnosed, tamlmak obs., see tanınmak, tanım definition.
tanıma 1. Ill recognizing, knowing. 2. Ill being acquainted with, knowing; knowing well. 3. Ill making a distinction between, distinguishing between. 4. Ill being able to distinguish/ recognize. 5. acknowledgment, recognition.
   6.    hi respecting; listening to, paying attention to. — yitimi med. agnosia, tanımak 111 1. to recognize, know. 2. to be acquainted with, know; to know well. 3. to make a distinction between, distinguish between. 4. to be able to distinguish/recognize.
   5.     to acknowledge, recognize. 6. to respect; to listen to, pay attention to. 7. to hold (s.o.) responsible, tanımlama defining, definition, tanımlamak/i/ to define, tanımlanma being defined, tanımlanmak to be defined.
tanımsal
 828
tansı
tanımsal definitional.
tanınma 1. being known; being well-known. 2. /la/ being known for. 3. being recognized, being acknowledged, tanınmak 1. to be known; to be well-known: Orada gazeteci olarak tanınır. He’s known there as a journalist. 2. /la/ to be known for: Cömertliğiyle tanınır. She’s known for her generosity. 3. to be recognized, be acknowledged.
tanınmış 1. well-known; famous. 2. known for:
    O     dürüst tanınmış bir adamdır. He’s a man who’s known for his honesty, tanisal med. diagnostic, pertaining to diagnosis, tanısızlık med. agnosia, tanış colloq. acquaintance (person with whom one is acquainted). — çıkmak 1. to turn out to be somebody one knows. 2. to discover that they have met each other before, tanışık used in: — çıkmak colloq. to discover that they have met each other before, tanışıklık acquaintance, acquaintanceship, tanışma /la/ getting acquainted with (s.o.); being acquainted with each other, knowing one another.
tanışmak /la/ to get acquainted with (s.o.); to be acquainted with each other, know one another.
tanıştırılma 1. being introduced to each other.
    2.    /la/ being introduced to (s.o.). tanıştırılmak 1. to be introduced to each other.
    2.    /la/ to be introduced to (s.o.). tanıştırma /ı, la/ introducing (one person) to (another).
tanıştırmak /ı, la/ to introduce (one person) to (another), tanıt, -ti proof; piece of evidence, tanıtıcı 1. (s.t.) which introduces/advertises someone/something; (s.t.) which gives knowledge about someone/something. 2. advertiser.
tanıtıcılık advertising; being an advertiser, tanıtılma 1. /a/ (of s.t.) being presented and explained to (s.o.). 2. being advertised. 3. /a/ (of s.o.) being introduced to, being presented to (a group), tanıtılmak 1. /a/ (for s.t.) to be presented and explained to (s.o.). 2. to be advertised. 3. /a/ (for s.o.) to be introduced to, be presented to (a group), tanıtım 1. introduction, presentation. 2. advertising, advertisement, tanıtlama proof; log. demonstration, tanıtlamak /ı/ to prove, tanıtlanma being proved, tanıtlanmak to be proved, tanıtma 1. /ı, a/ acquainting (s.o.) with, introducing (s.o.) to, presenting and explaining (s.o./s.t.) to (s.o.). 2. Ill advertising. 3. /i, a/ introducing/presenting (s.o.) to (a group), tanıtmacı com. salesman, sales representative, tanıtmak 1. /ı, a/ to acquaint (s.o.) with, introduce (s.o.) to, present and explain (s.o./
   s.t.) to (s.o.). 2. hi to advertise. 3. /i, a/ to introduce/present (s.o.) to (a group), tanıtmalık prospectus.
tanin (.—) obs. 1. ringing, ringing noise. 2. reverberation; booming noise, boom. 3. buzzing; buzz.
tanjant, -ti geom. 1. (a) tangent. 2. tangent, tank, -ki 1. tank (large receptacle/compartment used for holding liquids). 2. tank (an armored military vehicle), tankçı tanker, member of a military tank crew, tanker 1. tanker, tankship. 2. tanker (a truck/a trailer-truck combination), tanksavar mil. 1. antitank (weapon). 2. antitank weapon, tanlamak /a/ archaic to be amazed, be astounded (at), tanmak /a/ archaic, see tanlamak. tannan obs. ringing/reverberating/booming/ buzzing (noise).
Tanrı God. — mn akşamı colloq. every blessed evening, every doggone evening. — buyruğu the Koran. — mn günü colloq. every blessed day, every doggone day. — hakkı için for God’s sake. — kayrası Providence, divine guidance/care. — kulu 1. (a) man, (a) human being. 2. a servant of God; God-fear-ing person, godly person. — misafiri colloq. unexpected overnight guest. — ya ortak tanımak to assign a partner to God. — vergisi innate, natural, tanrı god, deity.
Tanribilim (..'..) theology.
Tannbilimci (./...) theologian.
Tannbilimsel (./...) theological.
Tanrıcı theist.
Tanrıcılık theism, tanrıça (./.) goddess.
Tanrı Dağları, -ni the Tien Shan range of mountains (in central Asia), tanrıdeveciği, -ni (./....) zool. sow bug, wood louse, Oniscus. tanrıdoğum theogony.
Tannkayral providential, tanrıkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. peacock, peafowl, Pavo.
tanrılaşma becoming a god, becoming divine, tanrılaşmak to become a god, become divine, tanrılaştırma hi deifying, deification, tanrılaştırmak hi to deify.
Tanrılık divinity, godhead, godhood, the quality/ the state of being God. tanrılık divinity.
Tanrısal divine, of or relating to God. tanrısal divine.
Tanrısız 1. godless, atheistic. 2. (an) atheist, godless person, tanrısız (s.o./a society) who/which has no god. Tanrısızlık godlessness, atheism, tanrısızlık lack of a god; having no god. Tanrıtanımaz 1. atheistic. 2. (an) atheist. Tanrıtanımazlık atheism, tansı see tansık.
 tansık                                           829
tansık miracle.
tansif (.—) obs. halving, dividing (s.t.) in half; bisection. — etmek 111 to halve, divide (s.t.) in half; to bisect, tansiyometre (.../.) tensiometer. tansiyometri tensiometry. tansiyon 1. blood pressure. 2. tension, tense state. — aleti med. sphygmomanometer. — düşüklüğü low blood pressure. — düşürücü
    1. depressor (a drug). 2. (drug) that lowers the blood pressure. — yüksekliği high blood pressure.
tansiyoncu colloq. person who will take one’s blood pressure for a small fee. tantal, -li chem. tantalum, tantana pomp, display, show; grandiosity; pomp and circumstance, tantanalı pompous, grand; grandiose, tan tun (/ .) used in: —a gitmek slang to be done for; to be ruined; to be killed, be done in.
tanuki (./.) zool. raccoon dog, Nyctereutes pro-cyonides.
tanyeli, -ni (/..) gentle, dawn breeze, tanyeri, -ni (/..) dawn. — ağarmak for dawn to break. — ağarınca hırsızın gözü kararır. proverb Evil deeds tend to disappear when the conditions that foster them disappear. — atmak see tanyeri ağarmak.
Tanzaniya (...'.) see Tanzanya.
Tanzanya (./.) 1. Tanzania. 2. Tanzanian, of Tanzania.
TanzanyalI (./..) 1. (a) Tanzanian. 2. Tanzanian (person).
                                                          tanzif (.—) obs. cleaning. — etmek h! to clean, tanzifat, -ti (.—.) obs. street-cleaning; garbage collection (carried out by a municipality). — amelesi obs., see temizlik işçisi, tanzim 1. arranging, organizing, determining.
    2. putting (s.t.) in order; regulating; reorganizing. 3. preparing, drawing up, drafting, framing (s.t. written). — etmek hi 1. to arrange, organize, determine. 2. to put (s.t.) in order; to regulate; to reorganize. 3. to prepare, draw up, draft, frame (s.t. written). — satışı sale of foodstuffs directly by a municipality or indirectly through a firm awarded a contract by a municipality.
Tanzimat, -ti (.—.) the political reforms made in the Ottoman state in 1839. T— devri the years 1839-1876 in Ottoman history. —ı Hayriye see Tanzimat, tanzimat, -ti (.—.) administrative reforms. Tanzimatçı (.— ..) Ott. hist, supporter/framer of the political reforms of 1839. tapa 1. stopper (for a bottle/a jar); bung (for a cask); plug. 2. fuze (for a bomb/a shell), tapalama h/ 1. stoppering, putting a stopper on.
    2.    fuzing, attaching a fuze to. tapalamak III 1. to stopper, put a stopper on.
    2.    to fuze, attach a fuze to. tapalanma 1. being stoppered. 2. being fuzed, being fitted with a fuze.
                                                                                            taraf
tapalanmak 1. to be stoppered. 2. to be fuzed, be fitted with a fuze, tapalı 1. stoppered, fitted with a stopper. 2.
   fuzed, fitted with a fuze, tapan prov. wooden harrow (used for covering seeds). — çekmek/geçmek to harrow, tapı god, deity, tapici worshiper.
tapmak place of worship, temple, tapmcak fetish.
tapıncakçı 1. (a) fetishist. 2. fetishistic. tapıncakçılık fetishism, tapmç see tapınım, tapınım worship.
tapınma /a/ 1. worshiping, worship, paying homage to (a divine being) (by word/ceremonial). 2. adoring, adoration, idolizing (s.o.), putting (s.o.) on a pedestal, worshiping, tapınmak /a/ 1. to worship, pay homage to (a divine being) (by word/ceremonial). 2. to adore, idolize (s.o.), put (s.o.) on a pedestal, tapırdama 1. pattering, make a pattering sound.
   2.    pounding (of one’s heart), beating rapidly, tapırdamak 1. to patter, make a pattering sound. 2. (for one’s heart) to pound, beat rapidly.
tapırtı 1. patter, pattering sound. 2. pounding, rapid beating (of one’s heart), tapir zool. tapir, Tapirus. tapirgiller zool. Tapiridae. tapma /a/ 1. worshiping, regarding (s.o./s.t.) as divine. 2. adoring, idolizing (s.o.), putting (s.o.) on a pedestal, tapmak /a/ 1. to worship, regard (s.o./s.t.) as divine. 2. to adore, idolize (s.o.), put (s.o.) on a pedestal, tapon colloq. shoddy, fourth-rate, sorry, crummy, taptaze (/’—.) very fresh, taptırma /ı, a/ causing (s.o.) to worship (s.o./ s.t.).
taptırmak /ı, a/ to cause (s.o.) to worship (s.o./ s.t.).
                                                      tapu 1. deed, title deed (to a piece of real property). 2. colloq. deed office (a government bureau handling the registration of real property). — kütüğü register of title deeds. — senedi deed, title deed (to a piece of real property). — sicili see tapu kütüğü, tapulama III 1. getting title to (a piece of real property). 2. issuing a title deed for (a piece of real property), tapulamak III 1. to get title to (a piece of real property). 2. to issue a title deed for (a piece of real property), tapyoka (./.) tapioca (as a foodstuff), taraça (./.) 1. terrace (i.e. a rooftop terrace or a flat, raised, paved area outside). 2. terrace, offset (made in a slope). 3. geog. terrace. — katı penthouse. — tarımı terrace farming, taraf 1. side; part, portion; area, region; direction: Sandığın üst tarafı ceviz. The top part of the chest is walnut. Şehrin o tarafında
tarafeyn
 830
taralı
   oturuyor. He lives over in that part of town. Ne taraftansın? What part of the country are you from? Beykoz taraflarında bir yerde oturuyor. She lives somewhere in the neighborhood of Beykoz. Seni her tarafta aradım. I’ve been looking for you everywhere. Boğazın Asya tarafında on the Asian side of the Bosphorus. Sağ tarafına bak! Look to your right! Rüzgâr ne taraftan esiyor? What direction’s the wind blowing from? Nehir tarafına doğru gidiyordu. He was heading towards the river. 2. party (to a contract/in a legal proceeding); litigant. 3. side (one particular side/position/group as opposed to another): işin kötü tarafı the unpleasant side of the matter. Bizim taraf maçı kazandı. Our side won the match. Onun baba tarafında delilik var. There’s madness on his father’s side of the family. O meseleye ne taraftan bakarsan bak halledilmesi imkânsız. No matter how you look at it, that problem remains insoluble. Herif bir taraftan parasızlıktan yakmıyor, öbür taraftan kalkıp karısına kürk manto alıyor! The fellow complains about his lack of money, and then he ups and buys his wife a fur coat! öte taraftan on the other hand. 4. used in formal language to show the agent of a passive verb: Bu nişan büyükbabama padişah tarafından ihsan edilmiş. This medal was bestowed on my grandfather by the sultan. Ancak belediye encümeni tarafından onaylanmış ruhsatlar geçerli sayılacaktır. Only those permits which have received the approval of the municipal council will be deemed valid. 5. used informal language to indicate a person: Merhum zevcinizin evrakı tarafınıza gönderilmiştir. The papers of your late husband have been forwarded to you. 6. behalf: Dayım tarafından geliyorum, sizden bir ricası var. I’ve come on behalf of my uncle to ask a favor of you. 7. used with an adjective: Ucuz tarafından bir ayakkabı istiyorum. I want a cheap pair of shoes. Bunları ucuz tarafından aldın, değil mi? You bought these on the cheap, didn’t you? —a çıkmak/olmak /dan/ colloq. to be for (s.o.); to side with (s.o.). — taraf colloq. here and there, in various places: Bugün İstanbul’a taraf taraf yağmur yağdı. We’ve had scattered showers in Istanbul today. — tutmak to take sides, —mı tutmak Iml to side with.
tarafeyn obs. the two parties (to a contract/in a legal proceeding); the plaintiff and the defendant; the prosecution and the defense.
tarafgir 1. person who is partial to one side, biased person. 2. (behaving) in a biased manner.
tarafgirlik partiality; biased behavior.
taraflı 1. composed of or affecting (so many) sides: iki taraflı kılıç double-edged sword, çok taraflı anlaşma multilateral agreement.
   iki taraflı zatürree double pneumonia, iki taraflı defter tutma usulü double entry, double-entry bookkeeping. 2. supporter, adherent. 3. person from a (certain) region: Sen ne taraflısın? What part of the country are you from?/What neck of the woods do you come from? (o) — olmamak to pay no mind to s.o ./s.t., ignore s.o ./s.t. tarafsız 1. neutral (not belonging to either side).
   2. impartial, unbiased. — bölge demilitarized zone.
tarafsizlandirma l\l^ pol., see tarafsızlaştırma, tarafsızlandırmak lit pol., see tarafsızlaştırmak.
tarafsızlaştırma hi pol. neutralizing, neutralization, making (a country/a city) neutral, tarafsızlaştırmak hi pol. to neutralize, make (a country/a city) neutral, tarafsızlık 1. pol. neutrality. 2. impartiality, lack of bias.
taraftar supporter, adherent, advocate, follower, partisan. — olmak /a/ to be in favor of, support.
taraftarlık 1. adherence, advocacy. 2. partiality, partisanship, tarak 1. comb (used to comb the hair or hold it in place). 2. card/comb (for dressing wool, etc.); hackle, hatchel (for dressing flax/hemp/ jute). 3. rake; harrow. 4. reed (a device on a loom). 5. anat. instep, metatarsus (of a human foot). 6. anat. metacarpus (of a human hand). 7. zool. gill (of a fish). 8. zool. crest (of feathers on a bird’s head). 9. zool. scallop, Pecten. 10. zool. cockle, Cardium edule. 11. comb (a tool used in dressing stone). 12. a striped pattern (in a piece of embroidered cloth). 13. dredge, dredging machine. 14. dragnet. — dişi tooth of a comb. — dubası scoop or bucket of a dredging machine. — gemisi dredge. — makinesi dredging machine. — vurmak /a/ to comb, tarakçı 1. maker/seller of combs. 2. carder, comber (of wool, woollike fibers); hackler (of flax/hemp/jute), tara kişi, -ni (./..) 1. embroidery done in a striped pattern. 2. (cloth) embroidered in a striped pattern, taraklama h! 1. combing. 2. raking; harrowing.
   3. carding, combing (wool, woollike fibers); hackling (flax/hemp/jute). 4. dredging.
taraklamak /ı/ 1. to comb. 2. to rake; to harrow.
   3.    to card, comb (wool, woollike fibers); to hackle (flax/hemp/jute). 4. to dredge, taraklı 1. (woman) who has a comb in her hair.
   2. zool. crested (bird). 3. (cloth) embroidered in a striped pattern. 4. wide (foot); big (hand).
taraklıkuş (../.) zool. great bustard, Otis tarda. taraklılar zool. Ctenophora. tarakotu, -nu (./..) bot. teasel, fuller’s teasel, Uipsacus fullonum. tarakotugiller (./....) bot. Dipsacaceae. taralı 1. combed. 2. raked; harrowed. 3. carded,
tarama
831
tarih
   combed (wool, woollike fibers); hackled (flax/hemp/jute). 4. dredged, tarama 1. hi combing. 2. hi raking; harrowing.
    3.    h! carding, combing (wool, woollike fibers); hackling (flax/hemp/jute). 4. h! dredging. 5. hi combing/dressing/finishing (stone) (with a comb). 6. hi raking/strafing (with gunfire). 7. hi combing, searching thoroughly. 8. hi looking at (s.o./s.t.) searchingly, scanning (with one’s eyes); giving (s.o.) the once-over. 9. hi hatching; cross-hatching. 10. the pattern created by hatching/cross-hatching. 11. cartography hachure. 12. comp, scanning. 13. a spread made with fish roe. 14. (picture) which has been shaded with hatches. 15. (map) which contains hachures. taramak hi 1. to comb. 2. to rake; to harrow.
    3.    to card, comb (wool, woollike fibers); to hackle (flax/hemp/jute). 4. to dredge. 5. to comb/dress/finish (stone) (with a comb). 6. to rake/strafe (with gunfire). 7. to comb, search thoroughly. 8. to look at (s.o./s.t.) searchingly, scan (with one’s eyes); to give (s.o.) the once-over. 9. to hatch, draw fine parallel lines upon; to crosshatch; to hachure (a map). 10. comp, to scan. 11. slang to steal, make off with. 12. slang to finish; to use up; to spend, blow, taranga (./.) zool. bream, Abramis brama. taranma 1. being combed. 2. combing one’s hair. 3. being raked; being harrowed. 4. (of wool, woollike fibers) being carded/combed; (of flax/hemp/jute) being hackled. 5. being dredged. 6. being raked/strafed (with gunfire). 7. being combed, being searched thoroughly. 8. being hatched; being crosshatched; (of a map) being hachured. 9. comp, being scanned.
 taranmak 1. to be combed. 2. to comb one’s hair. 3. to be raked; to be harrowed. 4. (for wool, woollike fibers) to be carded/combed; (for flax/hemp/jute) to be hackled. 5. to be dredged. 6. to be raked/strafed (with gunfire). 7. to be combed, be searched thoroughly. 8. to be hatched; to be crosshatched; (for a map) to be hachured. 9. comp, to be scanned, tarantı 1. combings. 2. rakings. 3. dredgings, tarassut obs. surveillance; close watch; observa-
    •  tion. — etmek hi to keep (s.o./a place) under surveillance; to keep a close watch on; to observe, —a yatmak hi to lie in wait for. taratma h, a/ having (s.o.) comb/rake/card/ hackle/dredge/strafe/hatch/crosshatch/hachure (s.t.).
 taratmak /i, a/ to have (s.o.) comb/rake/card/ hackle/dredge/strafe/hatch/crosshatch/hachure (s.t.).
tarator a rich sauce made with walnuts, bread, garlic, olive oil, and vinegar, taravet, -ti (.—.) obs. freshness; tenderness, taravetli (.—..) obs. young and fresh, young and tender.
 tarayıcı comp, scanner, optical scanner; optical
                             character reader, taraz raveled threads on the surface of a fabric, ravels, ravelings, fuzz, tarazlama hi removing the ravelings from (a fabric that has just come off the loom), tarazlamak hi to remove the ravelings from (a fabric that has just come off the loom), tarazlanma 1. raveling, fuzzing (of a fabric).
                             2. frizzing (of hair), becoming frizzy, tarazlanmak 1. (for a fabric) to ravel, fuzz. 2.
    (for hair) to frizz, become frizzy, tarçın 1. cinnamon (as a spice). 2. bot. cinnamon tree, Cinnamomum. tarçıni (..—) 1. cinnamon, light yellowish brown. 2. cinnamon-colored, cinnamon, tardetme (/..) obs. 1. /i, dan/ expelling (s.o.) from; dismissing, discharging (s.o.) from; driving (s.o.) from. 2. hi mil. repulsing, repulsion, driving back, tardetmek (/..) obs. 1. /i, dan/ to expel (s.o.) from; to dismiss, discharge (s.o.) from; to drive (s.o.) from. 2. I\l mil. to repulse, drive back.
                             taret, -ti mil. turret (an armored housing protecting guns and gunners), tarh 1. flower bed; border. 2. obs., math, subtraction. 3. obs. imposition (of a tax), tarhana (./.) 1. a dried foodstuff made chiefly of curds and flour (used for making soup).
    2.    soup made with tarhana. — çorbası soup made with tarhana, tarhetme (/..) hi obs. 1. subtracting, subtraction. 2. imposing (a tax), tarhetmek (/..) hi obs. 1. to subtract. 2. to impose (a tax), tarhun bot. tarragon, estragon, Artemisia dra-cunculus.
tarım agriculture, farming.işçisi agricultural laborer, farm laborer, farm worker, tarimbilim (./..) agriculture (as a science), tarımcı agriculturist, tarımcılık agriculture, farming, tarımsal agricultural. — kirlilik agricultural pollution. — ormancılık agroforestry, tarif (—.) 1. description. 2. definition. 3. recipe.
    —  etmek hi 1. to describe. 2. to define.
    —e uymak to match the description, tarife (—..) 1. tariff, schedule of rates/prices/ charges. 2. timetable, schedule. 3. instructions sheet, instructions, directions. 4. recipe, tarifeli (—...) 1. (s.t.) for which a tariff/a schedule exists. 2. (s.t.) which contains or has been furnished with a tariff/a schedule/ directions.
tarifesiz (—...) 1. (s.t.) for which no tariff or schedule exists. 2. (s.t.) which does not contain or has not been furnished with a tariff/a schedule/directions. tarifsiz (—..) indescribable, ineffable, inexpressible.
tarih (—.) 1. date: bugünün tarihi today’s date. 18 Eylül 1971 tarihinde on September 18, 1971. 2. history. 3. chronogram. — atmak
tarihçe
 832
tartımsal
    /a/ to date, write the date on. — düşürmek /a/ to compose a chronogram to commemorate the date of (an event). — e geçmek to go down in history, be recorded in history.
   —e karışmak to become a thing of the past.
   —      koymak /a/ see tarih atmak, tarihçe (■—/.) 1. short history; brief historical account. 2. comp, history, tarihçi (—..) 1. historian, historiographer. 2. colloq. history teacher, tarihçilik (—...) historiography, tarihi (—.—) 1. historical. 2. historic, tarihli (—..) dated ..., bearing the date of: 1 Nisan tarihli bir mektup a letter dated April 1.
tarihöncesi, -ni (—/...) 1. prehistory. 2. prehistoric, prehistorical. tarihsel (—..) 1. historical. 2. historic, tarihsiz (—..) 1. undated. 2. historyless, having no history to speak of.
’tarik, -ki (.—) 1. obs. road. 2. obs. profession.
   3. Sufism path, way of life. — ıyla obs. 1. via, by way of. 2. by means of, by.
2tarik, -ki (—.) obs. (s.o.) who renounces/forsakes/abandons. —i dünya 1. hermit; recluse. 2. enclosed monk/nun, (a) religious, tarikat, -ti (.—.) 1. tariqa, tariqat, Sufi path. 2. tariqa, tarekat, dervish order, dervish fraternity.
tarikatçı (.— ..) 1. member of a tariqa, dervish. 2. of the tariqas, of the dervishes. 3. person who favors the reestablishment of the tariqas.
   4. favorable to the reestablishment of the tariqas.
tarikatçılık (.—...) 1. being a member of a tariqa. 2. favoring the reestablishment of the tariqas.
tariz (—.) obs. getting in a dig at, directing a barbed allusion at (s.o.). — etmek /a/ to get in a dig at (s.o.); to give (s.o.) a backhanded compliment, tarla (/.) field (where crops are grown). — açmak to clear a piece of land. — çayırda, bağ bayırda, proverb Make a field in a flat, well-watered place, but place a vineyard on a slope. —yı düz al, kadını kız al. proverb If you’re looking for a field, buy one that’s flat; if you’re looking for a wife, pick a young virgin. — etmek /ı/ to make (a piece of land) into a field. — nm iyisi suya yakın, daha iyisi eve yakın, proverb A field that’s located near water is valuable, but a field that’s located near one’s house is even more valuable, —da izi olmayanın harmanda yüzü olmaz, proverb A farmer who doesn’t look after his crops properly won’t reap anything when harvesttime comes. — yı koçan zaptetmez, saban zapteder. proverb Being the owner of a field does not in itself profit you anything: a field most benefits the man who knows how to make it yield a crop. — tabanı roller used to level the soil in a field. —nm taşlısı, kızın saçlısı, öküzün/ineğin
   başlısı, proverb If you want a field, buy a stony one; if you want a girl, pick a long -haired one; and if you want an ox, pick one with a big head. — yı taşlı yerden, kızı kar-daşlı yerden, proverb Stony fields yield excellent grain. Girls who have brothers make good wives, tarlafaresi, -ni (/.— ..) zool. 1. vole, Microtus.
   2.    red-backed mouse, Clethrionomys. tarlakoz 1. a fishing boat with two pairs of oars.
   2.    a fishing net thrown out from a tarlakoz and then pulled in from the shore, tarlakuşu, -nu (.'...) zool. skylark, Alauda arvensis.
tarlakuşugiller (/.....) zool. Alaudidae. tarlasıçanı, -m (/....) zool., see tarlafaresi. tarlasincabi, -m (/....) zool. 1. ground squirrel, Citellus. 2. chipmunk, Tamias/Eutamias. tarpan zool. tarpan (a wild horse of Central Asia), tarpuş tarboosh.
tarsin (.—) obs. strengthening. — etmek /i/ to strengthen.
’tart obs. 1. expulsion; dismissal, discharge. 2.
   mil. repulsing, repulsion, repulse.
2tart, -ti pie (a sweet, usually fruit-filled, pastry).
   —     hamuru piecrust (as dough), tartaç balance, scales.
tartaklama III roughing (s.o.) up, giving (s.o.)
   a few violent shakes/pushes, tartaklamak III to rough (s.o.) up, give (s.o.) a few violent shakes/pushes, tartaklanma being roughed up, receiving a few violent shakes/pushes, tartaklanmak to be roughed up, receive a few violent shakes/pushes, tartar chem. tartar.
tartanci slang someone who butts into a conversation.
                                                           tartarik chem. tartaric. — asit tartaric acid, tartı 1. weight, heaviness. 2. scales, balance. 3. weighing: tartı aleti scale/weighing device, tartı odası weighing room. 4. naut. line (rope used for hauling in/hoisting/unfurling sails).
   5. poet, meter. —ya gelmemek to be un-weighable; to be very difficult to weigh.
   —yla satmak h/ to sell (s.t.) by weight.
   —ya vurmak J colloq. to weigh (s.t.). tartibilim (./..) prosody, metrics, tartıcı weigher.
tartıl chem. quantitative, quantitive, involving the measurement of quantity. — çözümleme quantitative analysis, tartılamazlık phys. lack of mass, tartılı 1. weighed. 2. colloq. well-considered, carefully weighed. 3. metrical (poem, line of verse).
tartılma 1. being weighed. 2. weighing o.s. tartılmak 1. to be weighed. 2. to weigh o.s. tartım rhythm.
tartımlı rhythmic, having a rhythm, tartımsal rhythmical, of, involving, or related to rhythm.
 tartısız
tartısız 1. un weighed. 2. colloq. not carefully considered/weighed, rash. 3. without being weighed; without weighing: Portakallarını tartısız satıyor. He’s selling his oranges without weighing them, tartışı debate; discussion; argument, tartışılma being debated (on); being discussed;
    being argued, tartışılmak to be debated, be debated on; to be discussed; to be argued, tartışma 1. debate; discussion; argument, dispute. 2. /la/ debating (with); having a discussion (with); arguing, disputing (with). 3. /i/ debating/discussing/arguing (s.t.). 4. (of two greased wrestlers) engaging in a preliminary struggle (in order to discover each other’s weak points), tartışmacı participant in a debate/an argument, tartışmak 1. /la/ to debate (with); to have a discussion (with); to argue, dispute (with).
    2.    h! to debate/discuss/argue (s.t.). 3. (for two greased wrestlers) to engage in a preliminary struggle (in order to discover each other’s weak points), tartışmalı 1. marked by debate, disputatious. 2.
    (a subject) which is under debate, tartmak hi 1. to weigh. 2. colloq. to weigh (one’s words); to consider the effect that (one’s words) may have. 3. colloq. to push and pull on (a door) hard. 4. colloq. to sound out, feel out. 5. colloq. to size up, evaluate, tartarak yenmek hi (for a greased wrestler) to win a fall by lifting (his opponent) and carrying him three steps, tartölat, -ti tart/tartlet (a small, usually fruit -filled, pie), tarttırma h, a/ having (s.o.) weigh (s.t.). tarttırmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) weigh (s.t.). tartura (./.) lathe used for turning spinning wheels.
tarumar (—.—) obs. 1. confused, jumbled, topsy-turvy, scattered. 2. mil. routed. — etmek hJ 1. to disarray, make a mess of; to leave (s.t.) in disarray; to scatter. 2. mil. to rout.
tariimar (—.—) obs., see tarumar, tarz 1. manner, sort, kind, way. 2. style: Gotik tarzı the Gothic style.
Tarzan Tarzan.
Tarzancâ (./.) 1. a way of communicating with a foreigner, involving the use of gestures and a few simple words (similar to that used by Tarzan and Jane). 2. (speaking) using gestures and a few simple words, in the manner of Tarzan and Jane, tarziye obs. apology (offered to atone for s.t.).
    —      vermek /a/ to apologize (to), tas 1. (metal/plastic) bowl; porringer: tıraş tası shaving bowl. 2. wide, metal cup; porringer: çeşme tası metal drinking cup attached by a chain to a fountain. 3. slang buttocks, fanny, ass. — başlı colloq. bald-headed. — gibi colloq. bald (head). — kebabı see taskebabi.
833                                         tasarlamak
                                                         —i tarağı toplamak colloq. to pack up one’s belongings, pack up one’s traps (hurriedly), tasa worry. — çekmek to worry. — smı çekmek Iml to worry about (s.o./s.t.). — etmek 1. to worry. 2. hi to worry about (s.o./s.t.). —mm on beşi! colloq. What’s it to me?/It’s nothing to me! —sı sana mı düştü? colloq. What’s it to you?/It’s no concern of yours!/ Mind your own business! tasaddi (..—) obs. attempt, trying (to do s.t., especially s.t. that is beyond one’s capacity or outside one’s authority). — etmek /a/ to attempt, try. tasalandırma III causing (s.o.) to worry, worrying.
tasalandırmak hi to cause (s.o.) to worry, worry, tasalanma worrying, tasalanmak to worry, tasalı worried, troubled, tasallut, -tu obs. 1. molestation. 2. attack (made upon s.o.). — etmek /a/ 1. to molest. 2. to attack (s.o.) violently, tasallüp obs. 1. hardening. 2. med. sclerosis.
   —  etmek 1. to harden. 2. med. to become sclerotic.
tasannu, -uu obs. 1. simulation, pretense. 2. artificiality.
tasar plan (diagram showing the plan of a building, machine, etc.). tasarçizim (./..) 1. drawing a preliminary sketch/outline, designing. 2. preliminary sketch/outline, design, tasarçizimci (./...) designer, person who draws designs.
                                                         tasarı 1. written proposal; bill, draft of a proposed law. 2. plan, scheme, project. — geometri descriptive geometry, tasarım 1. conceiving, conception, imagining, envisagement. 2. idea, concept, conception.
    3.    preliminary sketch/outline, design. 4. phil. representation, the process by which the mind forms an image or idea of an object. 5. phil. representation, image, idea, tasarımcı designer, person who draws designs, tasarımlama hi 1. conceiving, imagining, envisaging. 2. designing, preparing a drawing/ a design for (s.t.), preparing a preliminary sketch/outline for (s.t.). 3. phil. representing, tasarımlamak hi 1. to conceive, imagine, envisage. 2. to design, prepare a drawing/a design for (s.t.), prepare a preliminary sketch/ outline for (s.t.). 3. phil. to represent, tasarlama hi 1. envisaging, envisioning; planning; projecting, devising a plan for. 2. roughhewing, roughing out (a piece of wood/ stone).
tasarlamak /J . to envisage, envision; to plan; to project, devise a plan for. 2. to roughhew, rough out (a piece of wood/stone), tasarlayarak öldürme law premeditated murder, tasarlayarak öldürmek hi law to murder, kill (s.o.) premeditatedly.
tasarlanma
834
tasrih
tasarlanma 1. being envisaged/envisioned; being planned; being projected. 2. (of a piece of wood/stone) being roughhewn, being roughed out. tasarlanmak 1. to be envisaged, be envisioned; to be planned; to be projected. 2. (for a piece of wood/stone) to be roughhewn, be roughed out.
tasarruf 1. law disposal, disposition; administration, management; possession. 2. conservation, careful use of (a resource); saving (money); thrift, economy. 3. savings, money saved, —unda (—u altında) /in/ in the possession of; at the disposal of; at the disposition of: Daire kiracının tasarrufundadır. The apartment is in the possession of the tenant. — bankası savings bank. — bonosu a kind of savings bond (formerly issued by the Turkish government). — ehliyeti law power of disposition. — etmek 1. to save, save money, save up; to economize; to practice conservation. 2. /dan/ to save on, economize on, save. 3. /a or ı/ to have the use of; to have (s.t.) in one’s possession. — faktörü banking accumulation factor. — hesabı banking savings account. — mevduatı banking savings deposit. — nisabı law disposable portion of an estate, tasarruflu 1. thrifty, economical. 2. (machine) which uses little energy or which costs little to operate, economical, tasasız carefree, lighthearted, tasasızlık carefreeness, lightheartedness, tasavvuf Sufism, Islamic mysticism. — ehli 1.
   (a) Sufi. 2. Sufi (person), tasavvufi (...-—) Sufistic, Sufic, Sufi, tasavvur 1. conceiving, conception, imagining, envisagement. 2. idea, concept, conception.
   3.    phil. representation, the process by which the mind forms an image or idea of an object. A. phil. representation, image, idea, —’etmek h! 1. to conceive, imagine, envisage. 2. phil. to represent, tasavvuri (...—) obs. conceptional, imagina-tional.
                                                           tasavvut, -tu obs., ling, phonation. tasdi, -ii (.—) obs. discommoding, inconveniencing, troubling. — etmek hi to discommode, inconvenience, trouble, tasdik, -ki 1. attesting to the truth of; bearing (s.o.) out. 2. certification (of a document).
   3.     ratification. — etmek III 1. to attest to the truth of; to bear (s.o.) out. 2. to certify (a document). 3. to ratify, tasdikli certified (document), tasdikname (..— .) 1. certificate (document which formally attests s.t.). 2. certificate of attendance (given to a student who has attended, but not graduated from a school), tasdiksiz uncertified (document), tasfiye 1. purification. 2. refining. 3. com., law liquidation (of a firm/a security). 4. discharge, elimination (of the employees). 5.
    elimination, doing away with. — aygıtı water conditioner, water filter, or water softener (a machine). — etmek hi 1. to purify. 2. to refine. 3. com., law to liquidate (a firm/a security). 4. to discharge, eliminate (employees).
    5. to eliminate, do away with, —ye gitmek com., law (for a firm) to go into liquidation, —ye koymak III com., law to liquidate (a firm). — memuru law liquidator. — satışı going-out-of-business sale, liquidation sale.
    —  tesisi 1. water-treatment plant. 2. sewage -treatment plant.
tasfiyeci someone who advocates the elimination of foreign words from a language, purist.
tasfiyehane (...— .) refinery.
tashih obs. correction; rectification, amendment.
    —  davası law action of rectification. — etmek hi to correct; to rectify, amend.
tashihat, -ti (.— —) obs. corrections, tasım log. syllogism.
tasımlama III 1. planning. 2. estimating, reckoning.
tasımlamak hi 1. to plan. 2. to estimate, reckon, tasımsal log. syllogistic, syllogistical. taskebabi, -m (/...) a stew made of meat and vegetables.
taslak 1. rough draft; sketch; preliminary study; outline. 2. fine arts sketch; preliminary model, maquette. 3. would-be (used dispar-aging ly): şair taslağı would-be poet, taslamak 1. to try to make others think one is (s.t. one isn’t); to act as if one were (s.t. one is not): Kibarlık taslıyor. He’s trying to make us think he’s got manners. 2. hi to roughhew, rough out (a piece of stone), tasma 1. collar (put around an animal’s neck). 2. leather strap (which forms the upper of a bath clog). 3. slang gullible person, sucker, pushover, easy mark, tasman settlement, settling, subsidence. — çatlağı settlement crack, settling crack. Tasmanya (./.) 1. Tasmania (the former Van Diemen’s Land). 2. Tasmanian, Tasmania, of Tasmania.
Tasmanyali (./..) 1. (a) Tasmanian. 2. Tasmanian (person), tasmim (.—) obs. resolving, determining (to do s.t.). — etmek hi to resolve, determine (to do s.t.), determine on (doing s.t.). tasni, -ii (.—) obs. fabricating, inventing, concocting, devising, making (s.t.) up (in order to deceive). — etmek hi to fabricate, invent, concoct, devise, make (s.t.) up (in order to deceive).
tasnif classification. — etmek hi to classify, tasrif obs., gram, inflecting (a word); declining (a noun/a pronoun/an adjective); conjugating (a verb). — etmek III to inflect (a word); to decline (a noun/a pronoun/an adjective); to conjugate (a verb), tasrih (.—) obs. explaining (s.t.) very clearly; making (s.t.) perfectly clear. — etmek III to
 tastamam                                         835
   explain (s.t.\very clearly; to make (s.t.) perfectly clear.
tastamam (/..) absolutely complete; not lacking in any way whatsoever; altogether perfect, A-OK, a-okay. — olmak /a/ (for a piece of clothing) to fit (s.o.) absolutely perfectly, fit (s.o.) right down to the ground.
tasvip (.—) approval; sanction. — etmek hi to approve of, approve, give (s.t.) one’s approval; to sanction.
tasvir 1. portraying (s.o./s.t.) (in words), depiction, description. 2. colloq. picture; icon; statue. — etmek hi to portray (s.o./s.t.), depict, describe. — gibi colloq. very good-looking (person).
tasviri (.— —) obs. descriptive. — anatomi descriptive anatomy. — dilbilgisi descriptive grammar.
taş 1. (a) stone; (a) rock. 2. stone, gem (in a piece of jewelry). 3. playing piece, counter (used in a board game such as chess/checkers). 4. colloq. dig, barbed allusion. 5. med. stone, calculus (e.g. kidney stone, gallstone).
    6. slang money, dough, rocks. 7. stone, rock, made of stone/rock. 8. colloq. fixed but vacant (stare). — altında olmasın da dağ ardında olsun, proverb One can be reunited with a loved one who lives far away, but not with one who’s lying buried under the ground. — arabası slang dull and stupid person, blockhead, dodo. — atmak /a/ colloq. to get in a sly dig at, make a barbed allusion about (s.o.). — atıp da kolun mu yoruldu?
    (Taş atıp kolun yorulmadı ya!) colloq. You got something all but handed to you on a platter, and yet you’re still not satisfied! — bebek see taşbebek. — çatlasa colloq. by no means, by no manner of means: Turan, taş çatlasa altmıştan fazla değildir. Turan can’t possibly be more than sixty years old.
    —a çekmek hi to sharpen (s.t.) on a whetstone/a hone, —a çıkan keçinin ağaca çıkan oğlağı olur, pro verb Like father like son. — çıkartmak/çıkarmak /a/ colloq. to be able to run rings around, be far superior to (s.o.).
    —  devri hist, the Stone Age. — dolgu 1. large stone used for a riprap or enrockment.
    2. making a riprap or enrockment. 3. riprap, enrockment. 4. rubble used as fill for a wall.
    —  döşek blocage (a kind of masonry). — düşürmek to pass a kidney stone (gallstone, etc.). — evi setting, mounting, mount (for a gem). — evi tırnağı prong, claw (of a setting for a gem). —ı gediğine koymak colloq. to say something at just the right time. — gibi colloq. 1. hard as a rock, very hard. 2. stonyhearted, hardhearted. 3. rigid, inflexible (person). — hamuru stucco. — kesilmek 1. colloq. to be dumbfounded. 2. (for liquid concrete, etc.) to harden. — kesimi stonecutting.
    —  kömürü see taşkömürü. — ocağı stone quarry. — a/—ı ölçeyim, colloq. May I be spared it! (said of a bodily illness/wound/
                                                                                                    taşıma
    ache). — sektirme ducks and drakes (a game). — ı sıksa suyunu çıkarır, colloq. He’s very strong ./He’s got a lot of brawn.
   —   tahta slate (a writing tablet). — taş üstüne olur, ev ev üstüne olmaz, proverb To balance one rock on top of another is hard but possible; to get two families to live together harmoniously in the same household is impossible. — tutmak slang to have money, be in funds, —a tutmak hi to stone, —tan yağ çıkar, ondan çıkmaz, colloq. It’s easier to squeeze blood out of a turnip than to get money out of him/her. — yağar, kıyamet koparken colloq. while all hell is/was breaking loose. — yerinde ağırdır, proverb A person’s true worth is appreciated by those who know him/her well. — yontmak to dress stone. — yürekli colloq., see taşyürek-li.
taşak vulg. testicle, testis, nut, ball, taşaklı vulg. 1. (man/male animal) who/which has nuts. 2. colloq. bold, fearless, (person) who’s got balls/guts, gutsy; ballsy (woman).
   3.     colloq. gutsy, (person) who knows how to get what he/she wants, taşbademi, -ni (/—..) bot. an almond the fruit of which has a very hard shell, Prunus. taşbalığı, -m (/...) zool. rockfish, Scorpaena. taşbaskı (/..) lithography, taşbaskıcı (/...) lithographer, taşbasma (/..) see taşbasması. taşbasması, -m (/...) 1. lithograph. 2. lithographed (book, picture, etc.). taşbebek (/..) doll. — gibi colloq. (woman) who is beautiful but lacking in warmth, taşbilim (/..) petrology, taşbilimci (/...) petrologist. taşböceği, -ni (/...) zool. cowrie, cowry, Cy-praea.
taşçı 1. quarryman, quarrier. 2. stonecutter (a person). 3. stonemason. — kalemi stonemason’s chisel, taşçılık 1. quarrying. 2. stonecutting. 3. stone-masonry. taşeron subcontractor, taşıl fossil.
taşılbilim (./..) paleontology, taşılbilimci (./...) paleontologist, taşıllaşma fossilizing, fossilization, fossilifying, fossilification, turning into a fossil, taşıllaşmak to fossilize, fossilify, turn into a fossil.
taşım used in: (...) — kaynamak (for a liquid) to come to the boil (for a specified number of times). (...) — kaynatmak hi to bring (a liquid) to the boil (for a specified number of times): Sütü yalnız bir taşım kaynattı. She brought the milk to the boil only once, taşıma 1. /ı, dan, a/ carrying, transporting (s.t.) from (one place) to (another); transport, transportation. 2. lit bearing, supporting, or holding up (a weight/a load). 3. lit carrying (s.t.) (on one’s person). 4. hi bearing, en-
 taşımacı                                           836
   during, putting up with. 5. hf bearing, carrying, possessing (a name, etc.). — su ile değirmen dönmez, proverb An enteiprise can’t be carried out successfully with inadequate means. — ücreti freight, freightage, taşımacı carrier, transporter, shipping agent; forwarder (of freight), taşımacılık the transport business, the business of transporting goods, shipping; the forwarding business, taşımak 1. h, dan, a/ to carry, transport (s.t.) from (one place) to (another). 2. fit to bear, support, or hold up (a weight/a load): Bu dal beni taşımaz. This branch won’t bear my weight, 3. hf to carry (s.t.) (on one’s person): Salih silah taşıyor. Salih’s carrying a gun. 4. hf to bear, endure, put up with. 5. fif to bear, carry, possess (a name, etc.): Çocuk dedesinin adını taşıyor. The child bears his grandfather’s name, taşımlık see taşım, taşınabilir portable, taşmabilirlik portability, taşınca taxi. — sayacı taximeter, taşınım.transportation, transport, carriage, taşınır 1. movable, portable, convey able, transferable. 2. (a) movable possession, taşınma 1. /a/ moving (to), removing (to) (a new place of residence/business). 2. /a/ being carried (to), being transported (to). 3. (of a weight/a load) being borne, being supported.
   4.     being carried (on one’s person). 5. /a/ constantly coming and going to (a place), taşınmak 1. /a/ to move (to), remove (to) (a new place of residence/business). 2. /a/ to be carried (to), be transported (to). 3. (for a weight/a load) to be borne, be supported. 4. to be carried (on one’s person). 5. /a/ to be constantly coming and going to (a place), taşınmaz 1. immovable/real (property). 2. (an) immovable possession; piece of real property, taşırma hf 1. causing (s.t.) to overflow, overflowing. 2. causing (s.t.) to boil over. 3. colloq. causing (s.o.) to lose (his/her patience) completely; causing (s.o.) to boil over, causing (s.o.) to blow his/her stack; causing (s.o.) to give vent to his/her excitement, taşırmak hf 1. to cause (s.t.) to overflow, overflow. 2. to cause (s.t.) to boil over. 3. colloq. to cause (s.o.) to lose (his/her patience) completely; to cause (s.o.) to boil over, cause (s.o.) to blow his/her stack; to cause (s.o.) to give vent to his/her excitement, taşıt, -ti vehicle, conveyance, means of transportation. — gemisi ferryboat, taşıtçı operator of a vehicle, taşıtlık garage.
taşıtma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) carry/transport (s.t.). 2. having (s.o.) carry (s.t.) (on his/her person).
taşıtmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) carry/transport (s.t.). 2. to have (s.o.) carry (s.t.) (on his/her person).
                                                                                          taşlaşmak
taşıyıcı 1. porter, carrier; stevedore. 2. conveyor (e.g. conveyor belt, pneumatic conveyor, crane). 3. small vehicle used for moving heavy objects (e.g. hand truck, forklift truck, dolly). 4. path, carrier (of an infectious disease); vector. 5. (s.t.) used as a conveyance.
   —     RNA biochem. transfer RNA. — yol anat. vas deferens, ductus deferens, taşikardi med. tachycardia, taşkı psych, mania. — çökkü çıldırışı manic -depressive psychosis, taşkın 1. (river, etc.) which has overflowed its banks. 2. markedly unrestrained; rowdy, boisterous; impetuous; excessively exuberant. 3. psych, manic, affected with mania. 4. inundation, flood. — denetimi flood control. — yatağı geog. floodplain (of a river), taşkınlık 1. marked lack of restraint; rowdiness, boisterousness; impetuousness; excessive exuberance. 2. markedly unrestrained behavior; rowdy behavior. 3. psych, mania, taşkıran 1. bot. saxifrage, breakstone, Saxifra-ga. 2. rockcrusher, stone crusher (machine for crushing rocks). 3. med. lithotome, knife used to perform a lithotomy, taşkırançiçeği, -ni (../...) bot. saxifrage, breakstone, Saxifraga. taşkırangiller bot. Saxifragaceae. taşkıranotu, -nu (../..) bot. saxifrage, breakstone, Saxifraga. taşkırım (/..) mecl. lithotomy, taşkömür (/..) see taşkömürü, taşkömürü, -nü (/...) coal; hard coal, anthracite; soft coal, bituminous coal, taşkuşu, -nu (/..) zool. stonechat, Saxicola torquata. taşküre (/..) geol., see taşyuvarı. taşlama 1. hf stoning, throwing stones at. 2. hf stoning (s.o.) to death. 3. hf lit. satirizing; lampooning. 4. lit. satire; lampoon. 5. folk poet, satiric poem. 6. hf removing the stones from (a food). 7. hf honing, enlarging/ smoothing (s.t.) with a hone. 8. hf paving (an area) with stones. 9. fit colloq. getting in a dig at, making a critical allusion about (s.o.). — taşı hone, taşlamacı 1. lit. satirist; lampooner. 2. folk poet. a satirical poet. 3. honer, person who does honing.
taşlamak hf 1. to stone, throw stones at. 2. to stone (s.o.) to death. 3. lit. to satirize; to lampoon. 4. to remove the stones from (a food).
   5. to hone, enlarge/smooth (s.t.) with a hone.
   6. to pave (an area) with stones. 7. colloq. to get in a dig at, make a critical allusion about (s.o.).
taşlanma 1. being stoned. 2. being stoned to death.
taşlanmak 1. to be stoned. 2. to be stoned to death.
taşlaşma 1. petrifying, petrifaction, turning to stone. 2. colloq. being dumbfounded, taşlaşmak 1. to petrify, turn to stone. 2. colloq.
taşlatma
 837
tatbikat
                                                         to be dumbfounded, taşlatma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) throw stones at (s.o./s.t.). 2. having (s.o.) stone (s.o.) to death, taşlatmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) throw stones at (s.o./s.t.). 2. to have (s.o.) stone (s.o.) to death.
taşlevreği, -ni (/...) zool. umbra, umbrine, Umbrina cirrhosa. taşlı 1. stony, full of stones or stony bits. 2. paved with stones. 3. (piece of jewelry) set with a (precious/semiprecious) stone, taşlık 1. stony place. 2. courtyard or entrance hall paved with stones. 3. zool. gizzard (of a bird). 4. stony (place), taşma 1. boiling over. 2. overflowing, running over; (of a river) overflowing its banks; /a/ (of a crowd) spilling over (into) (a place). 3. (of s.t.) projecting or extending over the edge/the edges of (s.t.). 4. colloq. losing one’s patience; blowing one’s stack; giving vent to one’s excitement. — borusu overflow pipe, overflow, taşmak 1. to boil over. 2. to overflow, run over; (for a river) to overflow its.banks; /a/ (for a crowd) to spill over (into) (a place). 3. (for s.t.) to project or extend over the edge/the edges of (s.t.). 4. colloq. to lose one’s patience; to blow one’s stack; to give vent to one’s excitement, taşmantarı, -ni (/...) bot. lichen, Lichen. Taşoz (/.) Thasos (an Aegean island), taşpamuğu, -nu (/...) asbestos, taşpudra (/..) face powder (in the form of a cake, used in compacts), taşra (/.) the provinces, the parts of a country outside the big cities, taşralı (/..) 1. (a) provincial, person from the provinces. 2. provincial, of or from the provinces.
                                                         taşyağı, -m (/..) 1. kerosene, Brit, paraffin. 2.
    petroleum, rock oil. taşyoncası, -m (/...) bot. sweet clover, melilot, Melilotus.
taşyosunu, -nu (/...) bot., see taşmantarı. taşyuvarı, -m (/...) geol. lithosphere, taşyürekli (/...) colloq. hardhearted, stonyhearted.
Tat 1. formerly, a derisive name applied to a Persian/a Kurd/an Arab. 2. (a) Tat (member of a Transcaucasian people), tat 1. flavor, taste. 2. sweetness, sweet taste. 3. pleasure, pleasurable quality/feeling; delight: Onun tadı bambaşka. It’s a totally different sort of pleasure ./It delights you in a totally different way. — alma duyusu the sense of taste, gustation. — almak /dan/ colloq. to relish, find pleasure in, get pleasure out of. —ını almak Iml 1. colloq. to relish, find pleasure in, get pleasure out of. 2. to taste, perceive the taste of (a food), -ina bakmak Iml to taste, sample (a food). —m-da bırakmak /ı/ colloq. not to overdo (s.t.).
    —ını bulmak (for a food) to be at its most
    flavorsome, for (a food’s) flavor to be at its peak, —mı çıkarmak Iml colloq. to make the most of, get the utmost enjoyment out of (s.t.), luxuriate in (s.t.). —ı damağında kalmak Iml colloq. 1. to be unable to forget the delicious flavor of (a food). 2. colloq. still to remember the pleasure one got out of, remember (s.t.) with relish. — deliği anat. taste pore, porus gustatorius. -ına doyum olmamak Iml colloq. (for s.t.) to be so delicious/delightful that one can’t get enough of it. — duyusu see tat alma duyusu. —ı gitmek Iml colloq., see tadı kaçmak. —ını kaçırmak Iml colloq. to spoil (s.t.); to cast a damper on. — ı kaçmak Iml colloq. (for s.t.) to lose its charm, be no longer pleasurable.
   —   tomurcuğu anat. taste bud. —mı tuzunu bozmak Iml colloq., see tadını kaçırmak. —ı tuzu kalmamak colloq. 1. to lose its charm, be no longer pleasurable. 2. (for a food/a drink) to lose its flavor, become insipid. —i tuzu yok. colloq. 1. It has no flavor at all./It’s completely insipid (said of a food). 2. It has no charm whatsoever./ There’s nothing pleasurable about it. — ma varmak Iml colloq. 1. to enjoy (s.t.) to the full. 2. to appreciate fully the beauty of (s.t.).
   —   vermek /a/ to give (a food) a good flavor, improve the taste of (a food), flavor, —mdan yenmemek colloq. to be so good one can’t get enough of it.
Tatar 1. (a) Tatar, (a) Tartar. 2. Tatar, Tartar, of the Tatars.
tatar hist, mounted,courier, mounted messenger; postrider, —in avuza ihtiyacı yok/yoktur.
   proverb A person who knows where he’s going has no need of a guide. A person who knows what he’s doing doesn’t need any assistance.
tatarböreği, -ni (./...) a food somewhat similar to ravioli.
Tatarca (./.) 1. Tatar, the Tatar language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Tatar, Tatar. 3. Tatar (speech/writing); spoken in Tatar; written in Tatar.
tatarcık zool. sand fly, Phlebotomus. — humması path, phlebotomus fever, sand-fly fever, pappataci fever.
Tatarımsı see Tatarsı.
tatarımsı colloq., see tatarsı.
Tataristan 1. Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Tatarstan. 2. hist. Tartary.
Tatarsı rather Tataric; Tatar-like.
tatarsı colloq. half-cooked, underdone (food).
tatbik, -ki putting (s.t.) into effect/practice; application. — etmek 1. Ill to put (s.t.) into effect/practice; to carry (s.t.) out; to apply. 2. /i, a/ to compare (one thing) with (another). — mührü official seal (of a person).
   —   sahasına koymak hi to put (s.t.) into effect/practice; to carry (s.t.) out; to apply.
tatbikat, -ti (.—.) 1. application; practice. 2. mil. maneuvers, exercises. — ta in practice.
 tatbikatçı                                            838
tatbikatçı           person  who puts something
    into effect/practice, tatbiki (.------) applied, engaged in for a utili-
                                                             tarian purpose: tatbiki sanatlar applied arts, tatil (—.) 1. holiday, vacation. 2. long break for a meal: Onun iki saatlik bir öğle tatili var. He has a two-hour lunch break. 3. temporary closure, closing (a place) temporarily.
    4.    temporary cessation, suspension. — etmek h! 1. to close (a place) temporarily. 2. to suspend, cease (doing s.t.) temporarily. — e girmek (for an institution/a business) to close down for a vacation. — günü 1. holiday. 2. day off, off day. — köyü holiday village (resort consisting of a group of bungalows/ cabins). — olmak (for an institution/a business) to be closed (for a holiday). — yapmak to take a vacation, tatlandırıcı 1. (a) sweetener, (a) sweetening. 2.
                                                             sweetening (substance). tatlandırma III 1. giving (a food) a good flavor, improving the taste of (a food), flavoring. 2. making (a fruit) sweet (by ripening it), tatlandırmak hi 1. to give (a food) a good flavor, improve the taste of (a food), flavor.
    2. to make (a fruit) sweet (by ripening it), tatlanma (of a fruit) getting sweet (owing to ripening).
tatlanmak (for a fruit) to get sweet (owing to ripening).
tatlı 1. sweet (in taste). 2. pleasant, agreeable, nice, sweet; amiable, genial; delicious; dulcet, melodious. 3. pleasantly, agreeably, nicely: genially. 4. sweet dessert, Brit, sweet (especially a pastry soaked in syrup, such as lokma). —ya bağlamak hi colloq. 1. to settle (a matter) amicably. 2. to end (a talk) on a pleasant/jolly note. — bela colloq. a trying but nonetheless lovable person; scamp, impish but endearing child. — dil colloq. soft words, kind and conciliatory words. — dil, güler yüz colloq. kind words and a smiling face. — dil yılanı deliğinden çıkarır, proverb A soft answer turns away wrath. — dilli colloq. (person) whose talk is delightful, who has a delightful way of expressing himself/ herself. — sert 1. tartish, agreeably tart (in taste). 2. colloq. kind but firm (words/manner). 3. colloq. kindly but firmly. — söz soft words, kind and conciliatory words. — söz can azığı, acı söz baş kazığı, proverb A soft answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. — su 1. water which tastes good. 2. fresh water (as opposed to salt water). 3. freshwater: tatlı su midyesi freshwater mussel. 4. colloq. (s.o.) who’s trying to act like ..., would-be: tatlı su sosyalisti would-be socialist. — su Frengi colloq. local Christian who apes European ways. — su kaptanı colloq. inexperienced sailor. — tatlı pleasantly; with pleasure, pleasurably. — tatlı yemenin acı acı geğirmesi olur, proverb Pleasure can have its price. — ye, tatlı söyle.
                                                                                        tatsızlanmak
   proverb Let’s try to live together peaceably./ Live and let live. — yerinde bırakmak/kesmek hi colloq. 1. to stop doing (s.t.) before (the doing of) it becomes boring. 2. to break off (a story) at an exciting point, tatlıca sweetish, somewhat sweet (in taste), tatlıcı 1. maker/seller of pastries soaked in syrup (e.g. baklava, revani). 2. colloq. (s.o.) who’s very fond of sweet desserts, tatlıcılık making/selling of pastries soaked in syrup.
tatlılaşma 1. (of a fruit) getting sweet (owing to ripening). 2. becoming pleasant/genial; (of a voice) acquiring a dulcet tone, tatlılaşmak 1. (for a fruit) to get sweet (owing to ripening). 2. to become pleasant/genial; (for a voice) to acquire a dulcet tone, tatlılaştırma hi making (a fruit) sweet (by ripening it).
tatlılaştırmak III to make (a fruit) sweet (by ripening it).
tatlılı containing, set with, or made up of a number of sweet desserts, tatlılık 1. sweetness, sweet taste. 2. pleasantness, agreeableness, niceness, sweetness; amiability, geniality; deliciousness; melodiousness, —la 1. with kindness, by exercising kindness. 2. amicably, tatlımsı sweetish, somewhat sweet (in taste), tatlipatates (./...) bot. sweet potato, yam, Ipomoea batatas. tatlisu (./.) 1. water which tastes good. 2. fresh water (as opposed to salt water). 3. freshwater: tatlisu balığı freshwater fish.
tatlısugelincikbalığı, -m (./.....) zool. burbot,
   Lota lota.
tatlisuistakozu, -nu (./.....) zool. crayfish, crawfish, Astacus. tatlısulevreği, -ni (./....) zool. perch, Perea flu-viatilis.
tatlısülümen (./...) calomel, mercurous chloride, tatliyosun (./..) bot., see denizpirasasi. tatma hi 1. tasting (a food/a drink). 2. colloq. tasting, experiencing, tatmak, -dar hi 1. to taste (a food/a drink). 2.
   colloq. to taste, experience, tatmin satisfying, satisfaction; gratifying, gratification; contenting. — etmek hi to satisfy; to gratify; to content. — olmak to be satisfied; to be gratified; to be contented, tatminkâr satisfactory, satisfying, tatminsizlik lack of satisfaction, tatsal gustatory, gustatorial, gustative. tatsız 1. tasteless, insipid, vapid (food/drink). 2. not sweet enough to the taste, unsweet. 3. unpleasant, disagreeable; boring. — aşa tuz neylesin, akılsız başa söz neylesin? proverb Salting tasteless food and giving advice to blockheads are two quite useless activities.
   —      tuzsuz colloq. 1. very tasteless, very insipid. 2. very boring, tatsizlanma see tatsızlaşma, tatsızlanmak see tatsızlaşmak.
 tatsızlaşma                                       839
tatsızlaşma 1. (of a food/a drink) becoming in-sipid or losing its flavor/sweetness. 2. becoming unpleasant/disagreeable/boring. tatsızlaşmak 1. (for a food/a drink) to become insipid or lose its flavor/sweetness. 2. to become unpleasant/disagreeable/boring. tatsızlık 1. tastelessness, insipidity; lack of flavor/sweetness. 2. unpleasantness, disagree-ableness; action which creates unpleasantness.
                            tattırma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) taste (s.t.). 2. colloq. having (s.o.) taste/experience (s.t.). tattırmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) taste (s.t.). 2.
    colloq. to have (s.o.) taste/experience (s.t.). tatula (./.) bot. 1. jimsonweed, thorn apple, apple of Peru, Datura stramonium. 2. datura, Datura. tatura (./.) bot., see tatula, taun (—.) obs. plague, pestilence, tav 1. annealing, anneal (of steel/glass). 2. the exact degree of heat/dampness (required for the manipulation of a material). 3. the degree of dampness and heat in the soil necessary for healthy plant growth. 4. colloq. opportune time; favorable state/condition. 5. good finish, proper degree of fatness (of an animal). 6. slang trick, deception, —mı bulmak Iml colloq. to find the right time/conditions for doing (s.t.). —a düşürmek /ı/ slang to trick, hoodwink, bamboozle, pull the wool over (s.o.’s) eyes. — ına düşürmek /ı/ colloq., see tavına getirmek, —a getirmek hi to bring (s.t.) to the proper degree of heat.
    —ına getirmek hi colloq. to find just the right time for doing (s.t.). — ı kaçırmak colloq. to fail to do something when the time was ripe. — olmak /a/ slang to fall for (s.o.’s) trick, be duped by (s.o.’s) trick: O bize tav oldu. He fell for our trick, —mda tutmak hi colloq. to keep (s.t.) in a sound/ stable condition, keep (s.t.) on an even keel.
    — vermek /a/ 1. to dampen (clothes/paper/ tobacco) (before ironing, etc.): Ütülenecek çamaşıra tav verdi. She dampened the clothes which were to be ironed. 2. to anneal (steel/glass). —ını vermek Iml see tava getirmek.
tava 1. frying pan, skillet, frypan; spider, cast -iron frying pan. 2. fried (food): patates tavası French fries, Brit, chips. Benim palamut tava olsun. I want my bonito fried. 3. popcorn popper or coffee roaster (long -handled implement used for popping corn or roasting coffee beans over the coals of a fire). 4. ladle (in which a metal is melted).
    5.    trough (in which lime is slaked). 6. salt pan (depression from which salt is obtained by natural evaporation). 7. bed (for young plants in a nursery). 8. naut. platform at the foot of an accommodation ladder, tavaf (.—) 1. Islam circumambulation (of the Kaaba) (during the hajj). 2. walking around, wandering around (a place). — etmek hi 1.
                                                                                           tavlamak
    Islam to circumambulate (the Kaaba) (during the hajj). 2. to walk around, wander around (a place).
 tavan ceiling. — başına çökmek/yıkılmak colloq. to be knocked for a loop, be dealt a crushing (emotional) blow. — fiyatı ceiling price. — süpürgesi long-handled broom used to clean ceilings, tav’an (/.) obs. willingly; of one’s own accord.
   —      ve kerhen perforce, like it or not. tavan arası, -nı (./...) attic, garret, Brit. loft, tavassut, -tu obs. mediation; interposition, intervention. —uyla Iml through the agency/ mediation of. — etmek /a/ to mediate, act as a mediator; to interpose, intervene.
 tavattun obs. settling permanently (in a place).
    —  etmek /da/ to settle permanently (in a place).
tavazzuh obs. becoming clear/manifest. — etmek to become clear/manifest, tavcı slang 1. swindler, cheat. 2. (s.o.) who swindles/cheats, tavcılık slang swindling, cheating, taverna (./.) nightclub, tavhane (.—.) obs. greenhouse, hothouse (for plants).
 tavır, -vn 1. manner, air, attitude; (facial) expression. 2. airs, affectation, put-on; pose, attitudinizing. — almak to assume/adopt (a specified) manner/air/expression. — satmak colloq. to give o.s. airs, put on. tavik, -ki (.—) obs. postponement; delay, retardation. — etmek hi to postpone; to delay, retard.
 tavikli (.—.) obs., mil. delayed-action (bomb/ fuse/mine).
 taviz (—.) 1. (a) concession (s.t. given up in order to reconcile a difference). 2. (a) compensation. — vermek to make a concession; /a/ to appease/conciliate (s.o.) by making a concession (usually at the -sacrifice of one’s principles).
tavizci (—..) appeaser, someone who favors making concessions (usually at the sacrifice of one’s principles), tavizcilik (—...) appeasement (usually at the sacrifice of one’s principles).
 *tavla (/.) backgammon, tables. — atmak to play backgammon.
 2tavla (/.) stable (for horses).
 1 tavlacı (/..) person who’s fond of playing backgammon.
 2tavlaci (/..) stableman, groom, tavlama hi 1. dampening (clothes/paper/tobacco) (before ironing, etc.). 2. annealing (steel/ glass). 3. finishing, fattening (an animal). 4. slang tricking, hoodwinking, bamboozling, pulling the wool över (s.o.’s) eyes. 5. slang snowing, beguiling, charming, tavlamak hi 1. to dampen (clothes/paper/ tobacco) (before ironing, etc.). 2. to anneal (steel/glass). 3. to finish, fatten (an animal).
    4. slang to trick, hoodwink, bamboozle, pull
 tavlanma                                          840
    the wool over (s.o.’s) eyes. 5. slang to snow, beguile, charm, tavlanma 1. (of clothes/paper/tobacco) being dampened (before ironing, etc.). 2. (of steel/ glass) being annealed. 3. (of an animal) being finished; getting fat. 4. slang being tricked/ hoodwinked/bamboozled. 5. slang being snowed/beguiled/charmed. tavlanmak 1. (for clothes/paper/tobacco) to be dampened (before ironing, etc.). 2. (for steel/ glass) to be annealed. 3. (for an animal) to be finished; to get fat. 4. slang to be tricked, be hoodwinked, be bamboozled. 5. slang to be snowed, be beguiled, be charmed, tavlı 1. dampened (clothes/paper/tobacco). 2. annealed (steel/glass). 3. (soil) that is warm enough and moist enough to promote good plant growth. 4. finished, fattened (animal), tavsama moderation/abatement/slackening/ falling off (of the pace/the violence/the flow of s.t.).
tavsamak (for the pace/the violence/the flow of s.t.) to moderate, abate, slacken, or fall off.
tavsatma hi causing (the pace/the violence/the flow of s.t.) to moderate, abate, slacken, or fall off.
tavsatmak III to cause (the pace/the violence/ the flow of s.t.) to moderate, abate, slacken, or fall off.
tavsız 1. undampened (clothes/paper/tobacco).
                                                         ' 2. unannealed (steel/glass). 3. (soil) that is not warm enough and moist enough to promote good plant growth. 4. (animal) that has not been finished/fattened, tavsif obs. description; characterization; qualifi-
   #  cation, designation. — etmek h! to describe; to characterize; to qualify, designate, tavsifi (.— —) obs., gram, descriptive (adjective).
tavsit, -ti obs. making (s.o.) an intermediary.
   —      etmek h! to make (s.o.) an intermediary, tavsiye 1. recommendation, advising (a certain course of action). 2. recommendation, commendation (of s.o ./s.t. as being worthy of acceptance/use/trial). — etmek hJ 1. to recommend, advise. 2. to recommend, commend. — mektubu letter of recommendation.
tavsiyeli (s.o.) who is backed by the recommendation of an influential person, tavsiyesiz (s.o.) who is not backed by the recommendation of an influential person.
’tavşan zool. rabbit/hare, Lepus. — anahtarı skeleton key, picklock. — ı araba ile avlamak colloq. to do something calmly and unhurriedly. — bayırı aştı, colloq. It’s too late to do anything about it now!/What’s done is done! boku colloq. someone who neither helps nor hinders. — boku gibi ne kokar, ne bulaşır, colloq. He/She neither helps nor hinders. — dağa küsmüş de dağın haberi olmamış, proverb 1. X has gotten mad at Y,
                                                                                                tavuk
   but Y is unaware of it. 2. When an insignificant person gets mad at a big shot, the big shot usually has no knowledge of it. — dağda, suyu ateşte, proverb 1. He/She hasn’t stopped to think that disaster may be awaiting him/her just around the comer. 2. He/ She doesn’t realize that the present situation may very soon change, —a kaç, tazıya tut demek colloq. to play both ends against the middle. — kız Bunny girl, Bunny, —m suyunun suyu colloq. 1. something that has only a faint connection with something else. 2. a very distant relation. — uykusu colloq. very light sleep. — vebası path, tularemia, rabbit fever. — yılı obs. the Year of the Rabbit (the fourth year in the Turkish cycle of twelve years). — yürekli colloq. timid; easily frightened; lacking in courage. 2tavşan cabinetmaker.
                                                        tavşanağzı, -ni (./..) 1. pink (the color). 2. pink, pink-colored, tavşanbıyığı, -m (..'...) bot. meadow grass, Poa. tavşanca 1. a Turkish dance. 2. piece of music to which the tavşanca is danced, tavşancı 1. commercial raiser of rabbits. 2.
   seller of rabbits, tavşancıl zool. eagle; hawk; vulture, tavşancılık the commercial raising of rabbits, tavşancılotu, -nu (../..) bot. cow parsnip, Brit.
   hogweed, Heracleum. tavşancıltaşı, -m (../..) aetites, eaglestone. tavşandudağı, -ni (./...) harelip, cleft lip. tavşandudak (..'..) person who has a harelip, tavşandudaklı (./...) harelipped, tavşangiller zool. Leporidae. tavşanımsılar zool. Lagomorpha. tavşankanı, -nı (./..) 1. deep, bright red (the color). 2. deep, bright red, colored a deep, bright red. 3. dark and strong (said of tea that is ready to drink). tavşankulağı, -m (./...) bot. cyclamen, Cyclamen.
’tavşanlık rabbit hutch.
2tavşanlık cabinetmaking, cabinetry, tavşanmemesi, -ni (./...) bot. butcher’s-broom, Ruscus.
tavşanpaçası, -m (./...) bot. rabbit-foot clover, hare’s-foot clover, old-field clover, Trifolium arvense.
tavuk zool. 1. hen, (female) chicken. 2. chicken, Gallus gallus. — ayağı skeleton key, picklock. — gelen yerden yumurta esirgenmez. proverb You don’t shrink from making sacrifices which are sure to profit you in the future. — gibi erken yatmak colloq. to go to bed with the chickens, go to bed very early. — götü tövbe tutmaz, proverb, vulg. A weak-willed person may vow not to do something, but he/she won’t keep to his/her vow for long. — kanadı 1. chicken wing.
   2. fan (for fanning a fire). — kaza bakmış da kıçını yırtmış, colloq. Trying to keep up with the Joneses when you’re not as rich as
 tavukbalığı                                       841
   the Joneses will only land you in trouble. — kümesi chicken coop; (small) chicken house or henhouse. — suyu chicken broth. — yılı obs. the Year of the Chicken (the tenth year in the Turkish cycle of twelve years), tavukbalığı, -m (./...) zool., see mezgit, tavukbiti, -ni (./..) zool. poultry louse, Meno-pon.
tavukçu 1. chicken farmer, commercial raiser of chickens. 2. poulterer, poultry seller, tavukçuluk 1. chicken farming. 2. poultry selling.
tavukgiller zool. Gallus. tavukgöğsü, -nü (./..) a pudding made of rice flour and very finely shredded chicken, tavukgötü, -nü (./..) vulg. wart, tavukkarası, -m (./...) night blindness, nyctalopia.
tavuksu zool. gallinaceous, tavuksular zool. Galliformes. tavulga (./.) bot. purple willow, purple osier, Salix purpurea. tavus zool. peacock, peafowl, Pavo. — kuyruğu peacock’s fan, peacock’s tail. — kuyruğu/tüyü çıkarmak slang to throw up, barf, vomit. — yeşili 1. peacock green. 2. peacock -green.
tavuskuşu, -nu (./..) zool., see tavus, tavzif (.—) obs. assigning/appointing (s.o.) to (a duty/a task). — etmek /ı, la/ to assign/ appoint (s.o.) to (a duty/a task), tavzih (.—) obs. explanation; elucidation. — etmek III to explain; to elucidate. — mektubu letter of explanation.
Tay 1. (a) Thai. 2. Thai, of the Thais/Thai.
*tay colt/filly (young horse not yet three years old).
2tay prov. 1. one of a pair, mate, fellow. 2. equal, peer. — durmak (for a baby learning to walk) to stand upright (briefly). — tay! (said to a baby just learning to walk) Up, up!/ Come on, stand up! — tay arabası baby walker, walker, go-cart.
3tay, -yyi removal, deletion, expunction. taya obs. child’s nurse, nursemaid, Brit, nanny, tayaran (..—) obs., see tayeran.
Tayca (/.) 1. Thai, the Thai language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Thai, Thai. 3. Thai (speech/writing); spoken in Thai; written in Thai.
taydaş prov. equal, peer, tayeran (..—) obs. flying, flight. — etmek to fly.
tayf 1. phys. spectrum. 2. obs. apparition, specter, ghost.
tayfa 1. ship’s crew, ship’s company. 2. ship’s crewman, sailor. 3. colloq. hangers-on, fawning followers. 4. colloq. gang, bunch; troop, band, -mn akıllısı, geminin dümeninden uzak durur, proverb A wise man doesn’t attempt to do something that’s beyond his ken.
tayf çizer (/..) phys. spectrograph.
                                                                                              tazeleme
tayfölçer (/..) phys. spectroscope, tayfölçümü, -nü (/...) phys. spectroscopy, tayfun typhoon, tayga taiga.
taygeldi prov. 1. (a man’s) stepchild. 2. (a
    man’s) stepchildren, taym 1. ration (daily food allowance given a soldier). 2. loaf of bread issued to a soldier as part of his ration. — bedeli ration allowance (money given a soldier in lieu of rations). — ekmeği loaf of bread issued to a soldier as part of his ration, tayin (—.) 1. indication, pointing at. 2. appointment. 3. designation. —i çıkmak Im, a/ to be appointed/assigned to (a post/a place). — etmek 1. Ill to determine, fix. 2. /i, a/ to appoint/assign (s.o.) to (a post/a place), tayip (.—) obs. calling/deeming (s.t.) shameful/ disgraceful; calling/deeming (s.o.) a disgrace.
    —  etmek hi to call/deem (s.t.) shameful/disgraceful; to call/deem (s.o.) a disgrace.
taylak prov. colt (of a camel/a horse), taylan tall and well-set-up (man).
Tayland (/.) 1. Thailand. 2. Thailand, of Thailand.
Taylandh (/..) 1. Thailander. 2. (s.o.) who is from Thailand.
Taymis colloq. the Thames (river in England). Tayvan (/.) 1. Taiwan. 2. Taiwan, Taiwanese, of Taiwan.
Tayvanli (/..) 1. (a) Taiwanese. 2. Taiwanese (person).
tayyar obs. 1. volatile. 2. evanescent. 3. flying, able to fly.
tayyare (.—.) obs. airplane. — meydanı airfield; airport, tayyareci (.— ..) obs. 1. (airplane) pilot. 2. airman.
tayyarecilik (.— ...) obs. being a pilot/an airman;
    pilotry; aviation, tayyetme (/..) Ill obs. removing, deleting, expunging.
tayyetmek (/..) hi obs. to remove, delete, expunge.
                                                          tayyör (woman’s) tailor-made suit, tailleur. tazallüm obs. complaining piteously (about being wronged). — etmek to complain piteously (about being wronged), tazammun obs. 1. including, encompassing, embracing, comprising. 2. phil. implication.
    3.    phil. comprehension. — etmek hi 1. to include, encompass, embrace; to comprise. 2. phil. to imply, tazarru, -uu obs. supplication, humble entreaty.
    —     etmek III to supplicate, entreat humbly, taze (—.) 1. fresh (not old/stale/tired); new;
    young. 2. freshly; newly; just (only a very short time ago). 3. colloq. woman in the prime of youth. — bardağın suyu soğuk olur, proverb One is attracted to the new because it is new. — para fin. 2fresh money, tazeleme (—...) hi 1. replacing (s.t. old) with something fresh, refreshing. 2. adding water
tazelemek
 842
tebdil
    to (a food previously cooked) and reheating it. 3. instilling (a feeling/a thought) in one again.
tazelemek (—...) hi 1. to replace (s.t. old) with something fresh, refresh: Küpteki suyu tazeleyelim. Let’s put fresh water in the water jar. Çayını tazeleyeyim mi? May I give you another glass of tea? 2. to add water to (a food previously cooked) and reheat it: Dünkü çorbayı tazeledim. I reheated yesterday’s soup. 3. to instill (a feeling/a thought) in one again.
tazelenme (—...) 1. (of s.t. old) being replaced with something fresh, being refreshed. 2. (of food previously cooked) being reheated. 3. (of a feeling/a thought) being instilled in one again.
tazelenmek (—...) 1. (for s.t. old) to be replaced with something fresh, be refreshed. 2. (for food previously cooked) to be reheated. 3. (for a feeling/a thought) to be instilled in one again.
tazeleşme (—...) being rejuvenated, tazeleşmek (—...) to be rejuvenated, tazelik (—..) freshness; newness; youth, tazı zool. greyhound. —ya dönmek colloq. 1. to get very thin, get as thin as a rail. 2. to get soaked to the skin. — gibi colloq. lean and agile (person), tazılaşma colloq. getting very thin, getting as thin as a rail, tazılaşmak colloq. to get very thin, get as thin as a rail.
tazim (— —) obs. treating (s.o.) with great honor; revering. — etmek /a/ to treat (s.o.) with great honor; to revere, tazimat, -ti (---------) obs. reverence, great re-
   spect.
tazip (------) obs. torturing, torment. — etmek
    III to torture, torment, tazir (— —) obs. scolding. — etmek hi to scold.
taziye (—..) condolence. —de bulunmak /a/,
   —       etmek hi to offer one’s condolences to (s.o.). — mektubu letter of condolence, letter of sympathy, taziz (— —) obs. 1. cherishing; cherishing the memory of. 2. exaltation. 3. Christ, conferring sainthood upon. — etmek hi 1. to cherish; to cherish the memory of. 2. to exalt. 3. Christ, to confer sainthood upon, tazmin (.—) indemnification; making good (a loss). — etmek hi to indemnify (s.o.); to make good (a loss); to make up for (a mistake).
tazminat, -ti (.— —) law 1. damages/indemnity/compensation/reparations. 2. separation pay (given to a departing employee). — davası law action for damages, tazyik, -ki pressure. — etmek 111 to put pressure on, press, pressure, tazyikli 1. (piped substance) which is flowing at a proper rate. 2. compressed (air). 3. (a
   piped substance’s flowing) at a proper rate.
   4.  (air’s flowing) under compression.
Tb chem. Tb (terbium).
                                                            TBMM (abbr. for Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi) T.N.A. (the Turkish National Assembly). TC (abbr. for Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) T.R. (the Turkish Republic/the Republic of Turkey). Tc chem. Tc (technetium).
TCDD (abbr. for Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları) Turkish Rail (the Turkish National Railway System).
TDK (abbr. for Türk Dil Kurumu) T.L.A. (the Turkish Language Association).
Te chem. Te (tellurium), te T, tee, tee connection or pipe fitting, teadül (.—.) obs. being equivalent, equivalence.
   —      etmek to be equivalent to each other; /a/ to be equivalent to. teahhur obs., see teehhür, teakup (.—.) obs. following one another in succession. — etmek to follow one another in succession.
teali (.-----) obs. rise, ascent. — etmek to rise,
   ascend.
teamül (.—.) 1. established practice, customary way of doing things. 2. chem. reaction. — hukuku consuetudinary law. — olmak to become an established practice/custom, tearuz (.—.) obs. conflict, contradiction, contrariety.
teati (.—.) exchanging, exchange. — etmek hi to exchange: Mektup teati ettik. We corresponded with each other, teatral theatrical, histrionic, teavün (.—.) obs. cooperation, mutual assistance, working together, tebaa 1. citizens; subjects. 2. citizen; subject, tebaan /a/ obs., see tebean. tebadiil (.—.) obs. 1. exchange; permutation. 2. biol. mutation. — etmek to undergo permutation/mutation . tebahhur obs. evaporation, vaporization. — etmek to evaporate, vaporize, tebaiyet, -ti obs. submission; conformity; obedience. — etmek /a/ to submit to; to conform to; to obey.
tebarüz (.—.) obs. becoming clear, becoming evident. — etmek to become clear, become evident. — ettirmek 111 to make (s.t.) clear, show (s.t.) clearly, tebcil obs. 1. honoring; exaltation, glorification. 2. celebrating, observing (a holiday). — etmek 111 1. to honor; to exalt, glorify. 2. to celebrate, observe (a holiday), tebdil 1. changing; alteration; replacement; exchange. 2. in disguise (in clothes which conceal one’s true identity). — etmek hi to change; to alter; to replace; to exchange. — gezmek to go around in disguise. — i kıyafet etmek to disguise o.s. — i mekân etmek to move; to move house. — i mekânda ferahlık var/vardır, proverb It’s good to have a change of scene from time to time.
tebdilihava
 843
tecessüs
tebdilihava (./...) change of air, a move to another climate for medical reasons, tebean /a/ obs. in conformity with, conforming to.
tebeddül obs. changing; alteration; replacement; exchange. — etmek to be changed/altered/ replaced/exchanged.            *
tebeddülat, -ti (...—) obs. changes; alterations;
    replacements; exchanges. tebelleş colloq. 1. pestiferous; importunate (person). 2. pest, pain, pain in the neck, pestiferous person. — etmek h, a/ to set (s.o.) to bothering (s.o. else), sic (a pestiferous person) on (s.o.). — olmak /a/ (for s.o.) to pester/plague (s.o. else), tebellüğ obs. being notified, being informed. — etmek to be notified, be informed, tebellür obs. 1. crystallization. 2. becoming clear/manifest. — etmek 1. to crystallize. 2. to become clear/manifest, teber 1. knife used for cutting leather. 2. hist.
    battle-ax (carried by a dervish), teberru, -uu (..—) 1. donating, giving (s.t.) out of charity. 2. charitable gift, donation, contribution. — etmek /ı, a/ to donate (s.t.) to, make a free gift of (s.t.) to. teberruat, -ti (...—) obs. charitable gifts, donations, contributions, teberriiken (./..) obs. for good luck, owing to its being lucky, tebessüm smile. — etmek to smile, tebeşir 1. chalk. 2. piece of chalk. — devri geol. Cretaceous period, the Cretaceous. — e peynir bakışlı colloq. 1. stupid, dim-witted. 2. (s.o.) who thinks of making some profit out of even the smallest things, tebevvül obs., med. urination. — etmek to urinate.
tebeyyün obs. becoming evident/manifest. — etmek to become evident/manifest, tebid (.—) obs. driving away; banishment. — etmek hi to drive (s.o./s.t.) away; to banish, tebligat, -ti (.—.) 1. official communication, notification. 2. written notice, notification; communique; announcement; paper (read to a congress). 3. written notices, notifications; communiques; announcements; papers (read to a congress), tebliğ 1. communicating/conveying/giving (a written notice) to (s.o.); notifying. 2. written notice, communication, notification; communique; announcement; paper (read to a congress). — etmek /ı, a/ to communicate/ convey/give (a written notice) to (s.o.); /a/ to notify (s.o.). tebrik, -ki 1. congratulation, congratulating. 2. greeting card, congratulatory card; congratulatory letter/telegram. — etmek /i/ to congratulate (s.o.); to congratulate (s.o.) on (doing s.t.): Yeni vazifeni tebrik ederim. I congratulate you on your new job. — kartı greeting card, congratulatory card, tebriye obs., law 1. acquittal, exoneration. 2.
    freeing (s.o.) from indebtedness. — etmek hi 1. to acquit, exonerate. 2. to free (s.o.) from indebtedness.
Tebriz (/.) Tabriz (in Iran).
tebşir (.—) obs. giving (s.o.) some good news.
    —  etmek III to give (s.o.) some good news; h, a/ to give (s.o.) (some good news).
tebyiz (.—) obs. 1. making a fair copy of (a document). 2. whitening, making (s.t.) white.
    —  etmek III 1. to make a fair copy of (a document). 2. to whiten, make (s.t.) white.
tecahül (.—.) obs. feigning ignorance. — etmek (—den gelmek, — göstermek) to feign ignorance.
tecanüs (.—.) obs. homogeneity, tecavüz (.-—.) 1. aggression; attack. 2. law violation, infringement; transgression; encroachment; trespassing; unlawful entry. 3. law molestation; indecent assault; attempted rape; rape, violation. 4. exceeding, surpassing. 5. missing (a target). — etmek 1. /a/ to attack. 2. hi to violate, infringe; hi to transgress; /a/ to encroach on/upon; /a/ to trespass on; /a/ to enter (a place) unlawfully; hi to cross (a boundary) unlawfully. 3. /a/ to molest; to assault indecently; to attempt to rape; to rape, violate. 4. hi to exceed, surpass. 5. hi (for s.t.) to miss (its target), tecavüzi (.—.—) obs. aggressive, offensive, relating to attack. — harp war of aggression, tecavüzkâr (.— .—) aggressive (person), tecazüp (.—.) obs. sympathy, tecdit (.—) obs. renewal; renovation, restoration, refurbishment; replacing (an old thing) with a new one. — etmek hi to renew; to renovate, restore, refurbish; to replace (an old thing) with a new one. teceddüt obs. 1. renewal. 2. renaissance. 3. innovation. — etmek to be renewed, renew itself.
tecelli (..—) 1. manifestation, becoming manifest; revelation. 2. destiny, fate. — etmek to become manifest; to be revealed, tecemmu, -uu (..—) obs. 1. assembling, gathering in one place. 2. mil. concentration (of troops). 3. law unlawful assembly. — etmek
    1. to assemble, gather. 2. (for troops) to be concentrated.
tecennün obs. going mad, becoming insane. — etmek to go mad, become insane, tecerriit obs. 1. isolation, isolating o.s. from.
    2. divesting o.s. of (a prejudice, etc.). 3. abstraction, abstracting something in one’s mind. — etmek /dan/ 1. to isolate o.s. from.
    2. to free o.s. from, set aside (a prejudice, etc.). 3. to abstract, abstract something in one’s mind.
tecessüm obs. 1. assuming a bodily form; embodiment; becoming tangible. 2. appearance, becoming apparent. — etmek 1. to assume a bodily form; to become embodied; to become tangible. 2. to appear, become apparent, tecessüs obs. 1. prying curiosity, nosiness,
tecezzi
844
tedbirsizlik
    snoopiness. 2. spying. — etmek hi 1. to inquire pryingly (about), ask prying questions (about). 2. to spy (on), tecezzi (..—) obs. fragmentation; disaggregation; disintegration. — etmek to break into fragments, fragment, fragmentize; to disaggregate; to disintegrate, tecil (—.) postponement; deferment. — etmek III to postpone; to defer, tecim commerce, trade, tecimci see tecimen. tecimen merchant.
tecimevi, -ni (./..) store; shop; mercantile establishment, tecimsel commercial, mercantile, teclit (.—) obs. binding (a book). — etmek hi to bind (a book), tecribi (.— —) obs. experimental, tecrim (.—) obs. finding (s.o.) guilty; charging (s.o.) with (a crime/an offense). — etmek hi to find (s.o.) guilty; /i, la/ to charge (s.o.) with (a crime/an offense), tecrip (.—) obs. experimentation, tecrit 1. isolation, isolating; separation; quarantining. 2. divesting (o.s./s.o.) of (a prejudice, etc.). 3. insulation, insulating. 4. abstracting (s.t.) (in one’s mind). — etmek hi 1. to isolate; to separate, set apart; to quarantine.
    2. to divest (o.s./s.o.) of (a prejudice, etc.).
    3. to insulate. 4. to abstract (s.t.) (in one’s mind). — macunu sealant. — siyaseti isolationism.
tecrübe 1. experience, direct observation of or participation in events. 2. experiment; trial, test. — etmek hi 1. to attempt, try. 2. to test, subject (s.t.) to a test. — sahibi experienced. — tahtası colloq. someone/something that can be experimented upon with impunity; corpus vile, guinea pig. — ve muayene şartıyla satış com. selling goods on approval, tecrübeli experienced (person), tecrübesiz 1. inexperienced, callow (person). 2. carried out without the aid of a laboratory experiment: tecrübesiz kimya dersi chemistry lesson which does not involve any laboratory experiments, tecrübesizlik inexperience, lack of experience, tecrübi (..—) obs. experimental: tecrübi psikoloji experimental psychology, tecvit 1. recitation of the Koran according to the established rules of pronunciation and intonation. 2. Koran recitation as an art. 3. book which describes how to recite the Koran properly, tecviz (.—) obs. 1. allowing, permitting; sanctioning. 2. advising, recommending. — etmek h! 1. to allow, permit; to sanction. 2. to advise, recommend, tecziye obs. punishing, punishment. — etmek hi to punish, teçhil (.—) obs. exposing the ignorance of (s.o.).
    —  etmek hi to expose the ignorance of
    (s.o.).
teçhiz (.—) obs. equipping, equipment. — etmek hi to equip, outfit, teçhizat, -ti (.-----) equipment, apparatus, para-
    phernalia, gear; materiel, tedabir (.—.) obs. measures (taken to correct, stop, or ensure the success of s.t.); preventive measures.
tedafüi (.— .—) obs. defensive, designed to resist or prevent attack. — harp defensive war.
tedahül (.—.) obs. 1. interpenetration; permeation. 2. phys. interference. 3. a delay in payment. —de kalmak (—e binmek/kalmak) (for a payment) to be overdue, be in arrears, tedai (.------) obs., psych, association. — ettir-
    mek h, a/ (for one thing) to make (s.o.) think of (s.t. else).
tedaiye (.------.) obs. associationism, association
    psychology, tedansan the dansant, tea dance, tedarik, -ki (.—.) 1. procuring, procurement.
    2.    getting (some things) together, accumulation. 3. preparing, preparation. — te bulunmak to make preparations, get ready. — etmek hi 1. to procure, obtain. 2. to get (some things) together, accumulate, tedarikleme (.— ...) hi preparing, readying, making (s.t.) ready, tedariklemek (.— ...) Ill to prepare, ready, make (s.t.) ready, tedarikli (.—..) prepared, ready, tedariksiz (.— ..) unprepared, unready, tedavi (.—.) 1. (medical) treatment; therapy. 2. cure, successful medical treatment. 3. therapeutics. — etmek hi 1. to treat (a patient/a disease). 2. to cure (a patient/a disease). — görmek to be treated; to undergo therapy.
    —  olmak 1. to be treated; to undergo therapy. 2. to be cured.
tedavül (.—.) circulation (of money/of a negotiable instrument). — bankası bank of issue/ circulation. — de bulunmak see tedavülde olmak, —den çekmek lıl to call in, withdraw (money) from circulation. — e çıkarmak III to put (money) into circulation, issue.
    —  etmek to be in circulation, —den kalkmak to go out of circulation, be withdrawn from circulation. — de olmak to be in circulation.
tedbir measure, action, step (taken to correct, stop, or ensure the success of s.t.); preventive measure, precautionary measure. — almak to take measures (to correct, stop, or ensure the success of s.t.); to take preventive measures.
tedbirli 1. forethoughted, provident; prudent. 2.
    forethoughtedly, providently; prudently, tedbirsiz 1. lacking forethought/foresight, unforethoughtful, improvident; imprudent. 2. improvidently; imprudently, tedbirsizlik lack of forethought/foresight, improvidence; imprudence.
tedenni
845
tefhim
tedenni ) obs. falling off, decline; retro-gradation. — etmek to fall off, decline; to retrograde.
tedfin obs. burial, interment. — etmek hi to bury, inter.
tedhiş terrorizing, terrorization. — etmek hi to terrorize.
tedhişçi 1. (a) terrorist. 2. terrorist, tedhişçilik terrorism.
tedip obs. disciplining; chastisement; punishment. — etmek III to discipline; to chastise; to punish.
tedirgin 1. ill at ease, uncomfortable, uneasy; apprehensive; worried, anxious. 2. edgy, tense, nervous. — etmek III 1. to disquiet, make (s.o.) feel ill at ease, uncomfortable, uneasy, apprehensive, or worried. 2. to make (s.o.) edgy/tense/nervous, tedirginlik 1. disquiet, uneasiness; apprehension; worry, anxiety. 2. edginess, tenseness, nervousness. 3. astr. perturbation. 4. meteorology disturbance, tediyat, -ti (.— .) obs. payments, tediye (—..) 1. paying. 2. payment, money paid.
    —  dengesi obs. balance of payments. — etmek hi to pay.
tedkik, -ki (.—) obs., see tetkik, tedricen (.—.) by degrees, gradually, by stages, tedrici (.— —) gradual, tedriç (.—) obs. gradual movement/progression, tedris obs. teaching, instruction. — etmek hi to teach.
tedrisat, -ti (.—.) obs. teaching, instruction, tedvin obs. codification (of laws); compilation (of a collection of poems, etc.). — etmek hi to codify (laws); to compile (a collection of poems, etc.). tedvir obs. 1. rotation, rotating, revolving, turning. 2. making (s.t.) round in shape. 3. directing, management, administration. — etmek hi 1. to rotate, revolve, turn. 2. to make (s.t.) round in shape. 3. to direct, manage, administer.
teeddüp obs. feeling too ashamed (to do s.t.).
    —  etmek to feel too ashamed to do something; /dan/ to feel too ashamed to (do s.t.).
teehhül obs. marriage. — etmek to get married, marry.
teehhür obs. being delayed/late, delay. — etmek to be delayed, be late, teemmül obs. careful consideration/thought. — etmek hi to give (a matter) careful consideration, think about (s.t.) carefully, teenni (.•—) obs. caution, deliberation, behaving in a cautious/deliberate manner. — etmek to exercise caution, proceed slowly and carefully.
teessüf feeling sorrow about; regret. — ederim! I never expected you to do something like this; it makes me very sad. — etmek /a/ to be/feel sorry (about); to regret, teessür 1. sorrow, sadness. 2. emotion, being emotionally moved. 3. psych, affection. 4.
   being affected by. — etmek /dan/ 1. to feel sad (owing to). 2. to be (emotionally) moved (by). 3. to be affected by. teessüri (...—) obs., psych, affectional, affective, teessüs obs. 1. becoming established, establishment. 2. being founded, foundation. — etmek 1. to become established, become rooted. 2. to be founded, teeyyüt obs. confirmation, being confirmed, substantiation. — etmek to be confirmed, be substantiated, tef a tambourine with jingles. — çalmak to play the tambourine. — çalsan oynayacak, colloq. The place is as cluttered as the inside of a junk shop. — gezdirmek to pass a tambourine around (to collect money). — e koymak (—e koyup çalmak) hi colloq. to ridicule, make fun of (s.o./s.t.). — pulu jingle (in the hoop of a tambourine), tefahür (.—.) obs. boasting, praising o.s. — etmek to boast, praise o.s. tefcir obs. 1. draining, drainage. 2. causing (a liquid) to flow forth/out. — etmek hi 1. to drain. 2. to cause (a liquid) to flow forth/ out.
tefe prov. frame which holds the reed of a hand loom, sley, slay, tefeci usurer, loan shark, tefecilik usury.
tefehhüm obs. coming to understand (s.t.). — etmek hi to come to understand (s.t.). tefekkür obs. thinking, thought; consideration, reflection, contemplation, meditation. — e dalmak to be lost in thought, contemplate, meditate. — etmek hi to think about; to consider, reflect on, contemplate, tefekkürat, -ti (...—) obs. thoughts; considered thoughts, reflections, tefeli obs. closely woven (cloth), teferruat, -ti details, teferruatlı detailed.
teferrüç obs. 1. excursion/outing/walk/drive (done for pleasure). 2. relaxation, getting rid of tension/anxiety. — etmek 1. to make an excursion; to go on a walk or drive (for pleasure). 2. to relax, unwind, get rid of tension/anxiety, teferrüt obs. 1. being without parallel, being unique, standing alone. 2. becoming independent. — etmek 1. to be without parallel, be unique, stand alone. 2. to become independent.
tefessüh obs. 1. rot, rotting; putrefaction. 2. decay, degeneration. — etmek 1. to rot; to putrefy. 2. to decay, degenerate, tefevvuk, -ku obs. being superior, superiority, surpassing, excelling. — etmek /a/ to be superior to, surpass, excel, tefeyyüz obs. advancement, rising (in rank/ position/importance). — etmek (for s.o.) to advance, rise (in rank/position/importance), teffiz (.—) obs., see tefviz, tefhim (.—) obs. 1. law pronouncement (of a
teflon
846
   sentence). 2. explanation, explaining. — etmek hi 1. law (for a judge) to pronounce (a sentence). 2. to explain, teflon 1. Teflon (a trademark for polytetra-fluoroethylene). 2. Teflon, made of Teflon, tefrik, -ki obs. 1. distinguishing, differentiating (between two things). 2. discrimination in favor of or against. — etmek hi 1. to distinguish, differentiate (between two things). 2. to discriminate in favor of or against, tefrika 1. serial, serialized literary work. 2. installment (of a serial). 3. obs. disagreement, discord, dissension. — etmek hi to serialize (a literary work). — halinde (a literary work’s coming out) in installments. — olmak (for a literary work) to be serialized.
   —   romanı serial novel, feuilleton.
tefriş obs. 1. spreading out (a cloth) over. 2. paving; covering. 3. furnishing, providing (a building) with furnishings. — etmek tit 1. to spread (a cloth) over. 2. to pave; to cover.
   3.  to furnish, provide (a building) with furnishings.
tefrit, -ti obs. doing less than one should do, remissness.
tefsir (.—) 1. interpretation; explanation; expounding. 2. commenting on the Koran. 3. commentary on the Koran (in the form of a book). — etmek hi 1. to interpret; to explain; to expound. 2. to comment on (a sura of the Koran).
tefâş inspection. — etmek hi to inspect, tefviz (.—) obs. entrusting/committing/relegating (s.t.) to (s.o.). — etmek /ı, a/ to entrust/commit/relegate (s.t.) to (s.o.). tegafül (.—.) obs. feigning inattention, pretending not to understand; pretending to be unmindful. — etmek to pretend not to understand; to pretend to be unmindful, teğelti prov. saddle blanket, teğet, -ti geom. tangent. — geçmek /a/ to be tangent to. teğetsel geom. tangential, teğmen mil. lieutenant.
                                                           teğmenlik mil. 1. lieutenancy, rank/commission of a lieutenant. 2. the duties of a lieutenant, tehacüm (.—.) obs. 1. concerted attack. 2. rush, rushing. — etmek /a/ 1. to make a concerted attack on. 2. to rush, tehalüf (.—.) obs. 1. disagreeing; differing, being dissimilar. 2. variation. — etmek 1. to disagree; to differ, be dissimilar. 2. to vary, tehalük, -kü (.—.) obs. eagerness, keenness, zeal, ardor.
tehcir (.—) obs. forced emigration; deportation.
   —   etmek hi to force (s.o.) to emigrate; to deport.
tehdit threat; menace. — etmek hi to threaten; to menace; /i, la/ to threaten/menace (s.o.) with.
tehditkâr threatening/menacing (thing), tehevvür obs. 1. getting into a rage/a fury. 2. rage, fury, violent anger. — etmek to get
   into a rage/a fury, get violently angry, teheyyüç obs. I. getting emotionally excited, getting worked up. 2. emotional excitement/ agitation. — etmek to get emotionally excited, get worked up. tehi (.—) obs. empty; void; vacant, tehir (— —) 1. delaying, delay; postponement, deferment, deferral. 2. law adjournment (of a court session). — etmek fit 1. to delay; to postpone, defer. 2. law to adjourn (a court session).
tehirli (—..) 1. delayed, late. 2. delayed-action (explosive device), tehlike 1. danger; hazard; peril. 2. risk. — atlatmak to get through a dangerous situation successfully, make it through O.K. —ye koymak/sokmak hi to endanger; to imperil, tehlikeli 1. dangerous, hazardous; perilous. 2.
   risky. — atıklar hazardous wastes, tehlikesiz 1. free from danger, dangerless, un-dangerous, safe; unhazardous; unperilous. 2. free of risk, riskless, safe, tehlil (.—) Islam saying lailaheillallah. — etmek to say lailaheillallah. tehyiç (.—) obs. exciting, stirring (s.o.) emotionally. — etmek hi to excite, stir (s.o.) emotionally, tehzil obs. ridiculing, making fun of. — etmek iit to ridicule, make fun of. tein theine. teizm theism.
’tek, -ki 1. single, sole, one, only, solitary. 2. unique; unrivaled; inimitable: Vallahi sen teksin kardeşim! Man, you are one of a kind! Bu konuda teksiniz. In this subject you are an unrivaled expert. 3. one: tek satırlık bir mektup a one-line letter. 4. math. odd (number). 5. solely, only. 6. one (of a pair of several). 7. colloq. a real ..., a thoroughgoing ...: O, itin tekidir. He’s a real son of a bitch. O, salağın tekidir. She’s about as dim as they come, (bir) — atmak colloq. to knock back a drink (of liquor): İki tek attı. He knocked back a couple of rakis (whiskeys, gins, etc.). — başına on one’s/ its own, alone; apart, at a remove from other people/things. — başına kalmak to be left alone. — bir 1. only one (used with an affirmative predicate): Tekin’in tek bir (bir tek) oğlu var. Tekin has only one son. 2. a single (used with a negative predicate): Timur tek bir (bir tek) kelime söylemedi. Timur didn’t say a single word. — elden under the control/the management of one person/group. — fiyat flat rate. — kullanımlık/ kullanmalık disposable. — kürek slang 1. masturbation, Brit, wanking, wank. 2. penis, *pecker, *cock, *dick. — kürekle mehtaba çıkmak 1. colloq. to embark on something without having made the necessary preparations. 2. colloq. to try unsuccessfully to poke fun at someone. 3. slang to masturbate, Brit. wank off. — meclisli hükümet sistemi uni-
847
tekellüm
    cameral system of government. — tek 1. one by one. 2. apart, at a distance from each other. —e tek dövüşmek (for two people) to fight each other man to man or one to one. — tük only a few (persons/things) each standing at a distance from the other, only a few (persons/things) scattered here and there.
    —  yönlü paketleme one-way packaging. — yönlü sokak one-way street. — yönlü yol one-way road. — yumurta ikizleri monozygotic twins, identical twins, one-egg twins, monovular twins, uniovular twins.
2tek prov. still, quiet. — durmak to sit still, keep quiet.
3tek All I ask is ...; ... as long as ...: Tek yapsm da, nasıl yaparsa yapsm! I don’t care how he does it; all I want is for him to get the thing done! Her şeye razıyım, tek ondan kurtulayım! I’m agreeable to anything as long as I can get shut* of him! tekabbül obs. 1. acceptance. 2. undertaking to do (a job). — etmek /ı/ 1. to accept. 2. to undertake to do (a job), tekabül (.—.) obs. 1. correspondence, equivalence. 2. compensation, making up for. 3. log. opposition. — etmek 1. /a/ to correspond to, be equivalent to. 2. /i/ to compensate for, make up for; to serve as an equivalent for. tekâlif (. — —) obs. 1. taxes, levies. 2. mil.
    requisitions (made upon civilians), tekâmül (.—.) obs. 1. evolution. 2. maturation.
    —     etmek 1. to evolve. 2. to mature, tekâmüliye (.— ...) obs. evolutionism, tekâpu (.— —) obs. sycophancy; toadying,
    fawning. — etmek /a/ to toady (to); to fawn (over).
tekâsüf (.“•) obs. 1. inspissation, condensation; thickening; densening; concentration. 2. condensation (of steam, etc.). 3. (people’s) gathering, congregating (in a certain place); concentration (of thoughts) (on a certain subject).
    4. opacification; becoming opaque. — etmek
    1.    to inspissate, condense; to thicken; to dens-en; to become concentrated. 2. (for steam, etc.) to condense. 3. /da/ (for a crowd) to gather/congregate (in a certain place); (for one’s thoughts) to be concentrated (on a certain subject). 4. to opacify; to become opaque. — noktası dew point, tekâsül (.—.) obs. being negligent and lazy; negligence; laziness. — etmek/göstermek to be negligent and lazy, tekaüdiye (.— ...) obs. retirement pay, pension, tekaüt (.—.) obs. 1. retirement from work. 2. retirement, being retired. 3. colloq. retired (person). 4. colloq. retired person. — etmek hi to retire (s.o.). — maaşı retirement pay, pension. — olmak to retire. — sandığı retirement fund. — e sevketmek hi see tekaüt etmek.
tekaütlük (.— ..) obs. retirement from work, tekbenci (/..) phil. 1. (a) solipsist. 2. solipsistic, solipsist.
tekbencilik (/...) phil. solipsism, tekbiçim (/..) uniform, alike, tekbir Islam saying Allahuekber. — getirmek/ almak to say Allahuekber. tekcinsten (/..) see bircinsten. tekçekirdekli (/....) 1. mononuclear. 2. biol.
    monocyte, tekçenekli (/...) bot., see birçenekli. tekçenekliler (/....) bot., see birçenekliler. tekçi see birci, tekçilik see bircilik, tekdeğerli (/...) chem. univalent, tekdeğerlikli (/....) chem., see tekdeğerli. tekdelikliler (/....) zool. Monotremata. tekdir obs. reprimand, severe reproof, upbraiding, dressing down. — etmek III to reprimand, reprove severely, upbraid, dress (s.o.) down.
tekdizer (/..) print, monotype, monotype machine.
tekdizim (/..) print, printing using a monotype machine, tekdüşüncelik psych, monoideism. tekdüze (/..) monotonous, tekdüzeleşme (/....) becoming monotonous, tekdüzeleşmek (/....) to become monotonous, tekdüzelik (/...) monotony, tekdüzen (/..) see tekdüze, tekdüzenlik (.'...) see tekdüzelik, teke zool. 1. male goat, billy goat. 2. shrimp, Crago vulgaris; prawn, Pandalus annuli-cornis. — burunlu colloq. hook-nosed (person). —den süt çıkarmak colloq. to be able to do the impossible, be able to pull off the most unlikely things, tekebbür obs. haughty behavior; arrogance. — etmek to behave haughtily/arrogantly, tekeböceği, -ni (./...) zool. long-horned beetle, Cerambyx.
                             tekeböceğigiller (./.....) zool. Cerambycidae. tekeffül obs. 1. acting as a guarantor (for); going bond (for). 2. guaranteeing. — etmek /a/ 1. to act as a guarantor (for); to go bond (for). 2. to guarantee, tekeklemsel (/...) anat. uniarticular.
Tekel the Turkish State Liquor and Tobacco Monopoly.
tekel monopoly, —ine almak hi to monopolize, get a monopoly on.
Tekelci colloq. person who works in Tekel, tekelci 1. (a) monopolist. 2. (s.o.) who is a monopolist, (s.o.) who favors monopolism.
    3. monopolistic. — piyasa monopolistic market.
                             tekelcilik monopolism, tekelleştirilme being made into a monopoly, tekelleştirilmek to be made into a monopoly, tekelleştirme hi making (s.t.) into a monopoly, tekelleştirmek hi to make (s.t.) into a monopoly.
                             tekellüf obs. 1. going to a lot of trouble, taking pains, painstaking effort. 2. empty formality, tekellüm obs. speaking, speech. — etmek to
tekemmül
 848
tekme
   speak.
tekemmül obs. maturation; being perfected. — etmek to reach maturity/perfection, teker 1. wheel. 2. wheel (of cheese). 3. astr. disk, —ine çomak sokmak /in/ colloq. to put a crimp in (s.o.’s) style, put a spoke in (s.o.’s) wheel. — meker head over heels (in or as if in a somersault). — meker yuvar-lanmak/gitmek colloq. 1. to roll over and over. 2. to be knocked for a loop, suffer a sudden reversal of fortune, tekerki, -ni (/..) see tekerklik. tekerklik (/..) monarchy, tekerlek 1. wheel. 2. wheel-shaped. 3. slang passive male homosexual, fag, queer. — kapağı hubcap. — kırıldıktan sonra yol gösteren çok olur, proverb People are always most eager to offer you advice when it’s too late. — pabucu drag, dragshoe, shoe, Brit. skidpan (for a wagon wheel). — parmağı spoke of a wheel, tekerlekli wheeled. — iskele portable scaffold.
    —      kapı rolling door. — sandalye/koltuk wheelchair. — vinç overhead traveling crane, tekerleme 1. hi rolling (s.t.). 2. a playful formula found in folk narratives. 3. contest in which folk poets try to outdo each other in repartee. 4. clever reply, repartee (in the ortaoyunu), tekerlemek hi to roll (s.t.). tekerlenme 1. being rolled. 2. rolling, tekerlenmek 1. to be rolled. 2. to roll, teker li wheeled.
tekerrür obs. 1. repetition. 2. recurrence. 3. law repetition of a crime/an offense. — etmek
   1.  to be repeated; to be done again. 2. to recur.
teker teker (./ ..) one by one. tekesakalı, -m (./...) bot. 1. goatsbeard, jack -go-to-bed-at-noon, Tragopogon pratensis. 2. salsify, Tragopogon porrifolius. tekessür obs. increase, multiplication. — etmek to increase, multiply, tekeşli (/..) monogamous, tekeşlilik (/...) monogamy, tekevvün obs. 1. coming into existence, origination. 2. phil. genesis. — etmek to come into existence.
tekfin (.—) obs. shrouding, enshrouding (a corpse). — etmek hJ to shroud, enshroud (a corpse).
tekfir (.—) obs. (a Muslim’s) accusing (s.o.) of being an infidel. — etmek III (for a Muslim) to accuse (s.o.) of being an infidel, tekfur hist. Christian feudal lord, Christian ruler of a town/a locality (in Anatolia/Rumelia). T—Sarayı the ruins of the palace of Constantine Porphyrogenitus in Istanbul, tekgövde (/..) monobloc, made in one block/ casting, tekgözeli (/...) unicellular, tekgözeliler (/....) zool. Protozoa. tekgözlük (/..) monocle.
tekil gram, singular.
tekilleşme gram, (a word’s) becoming singular, tekilleşmek gram, (for a word) to become singular.
tekilleştirme III gram, making (a word) singular.
tekilleştirmek hi gram, to make (a word) singular.
tekillik gram, singularity.
tekin 1. auspicious. 2. deserted, empty (place).
   3. prov. still, quiet. — değil 1. inauspicious, ill-omened, of ill omen, sinister. 2. (s.o.) who possesses supernatural powers which he/she will use against one, who practices witchcraft. 3. haunted (place). — durmak prov. to sit still, keep quiet.
tekinsiz 1. unlucky, of ill omen. 2. taboo, tekir 1. (cat) which has gray stripes and black mottles in its fur, tabby. 2. zool. surmullet, red mullet, goatfish, Mullus surmuletus. tekit (— —) obs. 1. renewing (a written request); reiteration (of a statement). 2. confirmation; corroboration. — etmek hi 1. to renew (a request); to reissue (an order); to reiterate (a statement). 2. to confirm; to corroborate.
tekkaynakçılık (/....) monogenesis, tekke 1. dervish lodge, tekke. 2. slang gambling house, gaming house. 3. slang hashish den.
   4. slang jailhouse, the clink, the jug, the hoosegow; the pen. — yi bekleyen çorbayı içer, proverb He/She who works hard and patiently to obtain something will eventually be rewarded, —ye kurban geldi, colloq. This is a godsent opportunity.
tekleme 1. hi thinning (seedlings). 2. colloq. (an engine’s) missing, misfiring. 3. colloq. irregular beating (of one’s heart). 4. slang stammering; stuttering, teklemek 1. hi to thin (seedlings). 2. colloq. (for an engine) to miss, misfire. 3. colloq. (for one’s heart) to beat irregularly. 4. slang to stammer; to stutter, teklif 1. proposal; offer; suggestion. 2. motion, proposal (before an assembly). 3. tender, bid.
    4.    formality, formal behavior, ceremony. — etmek /ı, a/ to propose/offer/suggest (s.t.) to (s.o.). — kutusu suggestion box. — mektubu tender, bid. — tekellüf formality, formal behavior. — vermek to tender, submit a tender, bid. (Aramızda) — yok. colloq. There’s no need for ceremony between us. teklifli formal, ceremonious, stiff, teklifsiz informal, unceremonious, relaxed, easy, unconstrained, casual, teklifsizce (../.) unceremoniously, familiarly, unconstrainedly, casually, teklifsizlik 1. informality, lack of ceremony/constraint, casualness. 2. unconstrained/casual action.
                                                           teklik 1. oneness, uniqueness. 2. colloq. (a) lira, tekme (angry) kick (designed to injure). — atmak /a/ to kick (s.o./s.t.) (angrily in order
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   to harm him/her/it). — yemek colloq, to get kicked, get a kick, tekmeleme hi kicking (s.o./s.t.) (angrily in order to harm him/her/it), tekmelemek hi to kick (s.o./s.t.) (angrily in order to harm him/her/it), tekmelenme getting kicked, getting a kick, tekmelenmek to get kicked, get a kick, tekmelik arch, kickplate, kick plate, kicking plate.
 tekmil 1. colloq. all; the whole: tekmil evler all the houses, tekmil âlem the whole world. 2. (.—) obs. completion, finishing. 3. mil. (oral) report (made to a superior). — etmek hi obs. to complete, finish. — haberi mil. (oral) report (made to a superior). — olmak obs. to be completed, be finished. — vermek /a/ mil. to give an oral report to (a superior), tekmilleme hi 1. completing, finishing. 2. slang killing, doing (s.o.) in. tekmillemek hi 1. to complete, finish. 2. slang to kill, do (s.o.) in. tekne 1. trough (e.g. watering trough; mortarboard, mortar bed; dough tray/trough). 2. boat. 3. naut. hull (of a ship). 4. mus. belly, table (of certain stringed instruments). 5. print, galley, tray used to hold set type. 6. geol. syncline. 7. geol. basin. — kazıntısı joc. the youngest child of the family, born when his/her parents are no longer young.
   —      koyağı geol. synclinal valley, teknetonoz (./..) arch, trough vault, trough vaulting.
teknetyum (./.) chem. technetium, teknik 1. technique. 2. colloq. tech, technical school/institute/university. 3. technical. 4. (athlete) whose technique is good. — okul see teknikokul. — öğretim see tekniköğre-tim. — rapor technical report. — resim drafting, making drawings of plans. — ressam draftsman, person who makes drawings of plans. — terim technical term. — üniversite technical university, teknikçi technician, tekniker see teknikçi, teknikokul (./..) technical school, tekniköğretim (./...) technical education, teknisyen technician, teknokrasi technocracy, teknokrat, -ti 1. technocrat. 2. technocratic, teknoloji technology, teknolojik technological, tekörnek (/..) monotonous, tekparça (/..) built/formed/consisting of one piece; one-piece, tekparmakh (/...) zool. monodactylous, mono-dactyl, monodactyle, having one digit/claw, tekparmaklilar (/....) zool. Perissodactyla. tekrar 1. repetition, repeat. 2. recurrence. 3. again, over, over again, once more. — etmek hi to repeat; to do (s.t.) again. — tekrar again and again, over and over again, over and over, repeatedly. — tuşu comp, repeat
    key.
 tekrarlama hi repeating, repetition, repeat; doing (s.t.) again, tekrarlamak III to repeat; to do (s.t.) again, tekrarlanma 1. being repeated; being done again. 2. recurring, recurrence, tekrarlanmak 1. to be repeated; to be done again. 2. to recur, tekrarlatma /i, a/ having (s.o.) repeat (s.t.);
    having (s.o.) do (s.t.) again, tekrarlatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) repeat (s.t.);
    to have (s.o.) do (s.t.) again, tekrarlı marked by repetition, repetitive, tekrenkli (/..) monochromatic, monochrome, monochromous. — monitör comp, monochrome monitor, tekrenklilik (/...) monochromy, being mono-chromatic/monochrome/monochromou s. tekrir obs., see tekrar.
 teksif obs. 1. inspissation, condensation; thickening; densening; concentration. 2. causing (steam, etc.) to condense. 3. causing (people) to concentrate (in a certain subject). 4. opacification; opaquing; making (s.t.) opaque. — etmek 1. hi to inspissate, condense; to thicken; to densen; to concentrate. 2. hi to cause (steam, etc.) to condense, condense. 3. /i, da/ to cause (people) to congregate (in a certain place); to concentrate (one’s thoughts) (on a certain subject). 4. hi to opacify; to opaque; to make (s.t.) opaque, teksir 1. duplication, copying, making duplicates of (s.t. written). 2. obs. increase, augmentation, multiplication; propagation. — etmek hi 1. to duplicate, copy, make duplicates of (s.t. written). 2. obs. to increase, augment, multiply; to propagate. — kâğıdı paper used for making duplicates. — makinesi duplicating machine, duplicator, tekst, -ti text.
 tekstil textile. — sanayii the textile industry, tekstür texture.
 . tektannci (.'...) 1. (a) monotheist. 2. monotheist, monotheistic, tektanrıcılık (/....) monotheism, tektannli (/...) monotheistic: — din monotheistic religion, tektarafli (/...) 1. unilateral. 2. one-sided, tektaraflilik (/....) 1. unilaterality, unilateralism.
                                                                                    2. one-sidedness, tektaş (/.) monolith.
 tekten 1. retail (price/goods/selling). 2. (selling) retail, at retail, tektenci 1. retailer, retail merchant. 2. (merchant) who sells goods at retail, tekterimli (/...) math. 1. monomial. 2. monomial, pertaining to monomials, tektonik geol. 1. tectonics. 2. tectonic, relating to tectonics, tekturel homogeneous. — tepkime homogeneous reaction, tektürelleme homogenization, tektürelleyici homogenizer (a machine).
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tektürellik homogeneity, tekvando (./.) tae kwon do.
Tekvin Christ. Genesis, the Book of Genesis (in the Old Testament of the Bible), tekvin obs. creation, formation, genesis. — etmek hi to create, form, tekyanli (/..) 1. unilateral. 2. one-sided, tekyanlilik (/...) 1. unilaterality, unilateralism.
   2. one-sidedness, tekyazi (/..) monography. tekzip declaring (s.t.) to be false, denial, disclaimer; calling (s.o.) a liar; showing (s.o.) to be a liar. — etmek hi to declare (s.t.) to be false, deny, disclaim; to call (s.o.) a liar; to show (s.o.) to be a liar.
’tel 1. strand; thread; fiber. 2. (a) wire. 3. string (of a musical instrument). 4. screening, screen cloth, mesh used for window and door screens; window screen; door screen. 5. (a) thin silver/gold-colored wire (used as an ornament by a bride). 6. wire, made of wire.
   —   çekmek 1. /a/ to enclose (a place) with a wire fence, string up a wire fence around (a place). 2. to draw metal into wire. 3. slang to break wind, fart. 4. slang to urinate, make water, piss, pee. —ine dokunmak linl colloq. to make (s.o.’s) blood boil, enrage. — fırça wire brush. — halat wire rope, cable.
   —   kadayıf see telkadayıf. — kırmak slang
   1. to blunder, make a misstep. 2. to offend
   a someone, tread on someone’s toes. — i kırmak slang 1. to quit one’s job. 2. to sever relations with someone. — örgü 1. woven wire; fencing made of woven wire; chain link fencing. 2. fence made of woven wire; chain link fence. — şehriye vermicelli, —ler tak-mak/takmmak colloq. to rejoice at another’s misfortune. — zımba stapler.
2tel colloq. wire, telegram; cablegram, cable. — çekmek /a/ to wire, telegraph, telegram; to cable.
tel. (abbr. for telefon) tel. (telephone), tela (/.) tailor, interfacing. — çatmak /a/ to interface (a part of a garment), telaffuz pronunciation. — etmek hi to pronounce.
telafi (.— —) 1. compensation; making up for (a loss); making good (a loss). 2. psych, compensation. — etmek hi to compensate for; to make up for (a loss); to make good (a loss), —si imkânsız irreparable, irremediable.
telaki (.— —) obs. meeting, coming together; junction. — etmek to meet, come together.
   —   noktası junction, place/point of union or meeting.
telakki (..—) 1. consideration, evaluation. 2. viewpoint, view, way of looking at (a matter). — etmek hi to regard, view (s.o./s.t.) as ...: Onu deli telakki etti. He regarded him as crazy.
telalama (. ...) hi tailor, interfacing (a part of a garment).
telalamak (/...) hi tailor, to interface (a part of a garment), telamon arch, telamon, telaro window frame.
telaş 1. (emotional) agitation (characterized by a feeling of anxiety mixed with urgency that manifests itself in a display of haste). 2. to-do, flutter, flurry, commotion. — almak hi, — a düşmek (for s.o.) to get agitated, get in a swivet. — etmek to behave agitatedly, —a gelmek to be done in a hasty, hit-or -miss way. (ortalığı) —a vermek to get (everybody in a place) agitated, telaşçı easily agitated (person), telaşe (.—.) colloq., see telaş. — müdürü person who’s good at getting people in a swivet. telaşlandırma hi getting (s.o.) agitated, telaşlandırmak hi to get (s.o.) agitated, telaşlanma getting agitated, telaşlanmak to get agitated, telaşlı 1. agitated. 2. done in a hasty, hit-or -miss way. 3. agitatedly. 4. in a hasty, hit-or -miss way.
telaşsız 1. unagitated, unruffled, calm, steady.
   2.     done in a calm, deliberate manner. 3. unagitatedly, calmly and deliberately, telatin (.—.) russia, Russia leather, Russia calf, telcik fibril.
teldolap (/..) (a) screen safe (a small kitchen cupboard all the sides of which are made of screening).
telef 1. loss of life, death. 2. waste, being wasted/squandered. 3. wasting away, going to ruin. — etmek hi 1. to kill, do away with.
   2.    to waste, throw away, squander. 3. to cause (s.o./s.t.) to waste away or go to ruin. — olmak 1. to die, be done away with. 2. to be wasted, be thrown away, be squandered. 3. to waste away, go to ruin, telefat, -ti (..—) obs. losses, casualties; loss of human/animal life. — verdirmek /a/ to inflict losses on. teleferik telpher, teleferic. telefon 1. telephone, phone. 2. telephone call, phone call. — açmak /a/ colloq. to telephone, phone, call, call up, Brit, ring, ring up. — u açmak to answer the telephone. — arızalanmak slang to be delayed, be held up. — direği telephone pole. — etmek 1. /a/ to telephone, phone, call, call up, Brit. ring, ring up. 2. slang to urinate, see a man about a horse. — hattı telephone line. — kabini/kulübesi telephone booth, phone booth, Brit, call box, telephone box, telephone kiosk. — numarası telephone number, phone number. — rehberi telephone directory, telephone book. — santralı telephone exchange, switchboard, central, telefoncu 1. installer of telephones; telephone lineman; telephone repairman. 2. switchboard operator, operator, telephonist. 3. (s.o.) who is a switchboard operator, telefonculuk 1. being an installer or repairer of
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    telephones; being a telephone lineman. 2. being a switchboard operator, telefonist, -ti telephonist, telefonlaşma /la/ talking over the telephone, talking on the telephone (with s.o.). telefonlaşmak /la/ to talk over the telephone, talk on the telephone (with s.o.). telefoto see telefotografi, telefotografi 1. phototelegraphy, transmission of photographs by telegraphy. 2. telephotography, taking photographs using a. telephoto lens.
telegraf colloq., see telgraf, teleişlem comp, teleprocessing, telek quill feather, quill; fight feather; contour feather. — damarlı yaprak bot. pinnate leaf, teleke primary quill feather on a bird’s wing, telekiz colloq. call girl, telekinezi telekinesis.
telekomünikasyon telecommunication, telecommunications, teleks telex. — çekmek /a/ to telex, telem teletype, teletypewriter, teleprinter, teleme see teleme peyniri. — peyniri a soft, unsalted cheese. — peyniri gibi colloq. plump, very fair-skinned (woman), telemetre (...'.) telemeter, telemetri telemetry.
teleobjektif telephoto lens, telephoto, teleobjective, telelens, teleoloji teleology, teleolojik teleological, teleologic. telepati telepathy, telepatik telepathic, teles threadbare, telesekreter answering machine, telesik prov. impatient; (s.o.) who always tries to do things quickly, telesime prov. 1. becoming threadbare. 2. getting thin, becoming emaciated. 3. panting, telesimek prov. 1. to become threadbare. 2. to get thin, become emaciated. 3. to pant, telesine see telesinema.
telesinema (.../.) 1. preparation and broadcasting of movies by television. 2. telephotography, telesiyej chair lift, teleskop, -pu telescope, teletayp, -pi teletype.
televizyon 1. television. 2. television set, television, TV. — alıcısı 1. television receiver, television set. 2. television camera. — programı television program. — vericisi television transmitter, televizyoncu 1. maker/seller/repairer of television sets. 2. person who works at a television station/studio, televizyonculuk 1. making/selling/repairing television sets. 2. the work of someone involved in television broadcasting, telg. (abbr. for telgraf) telg. (telegram); tel.
    (telegraph/telegram). telgraf 1. telegraph. 2. telegram, wire; cable. 3.
   slang high sign. — çekmek /a/ 1. to telegraph, telegram, wire; to cable. 2. slang to give (s.o.) the high sign, telgrafçı telegraph operator, telegrapher, telegraphist, telgrafçılık telegraphy.
 telgraf çiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. 1. spiderwort, tradescantia, Tradescantia. 2. wandering Jew, Tradescantia fluminensis. telgrafhane (..—.) formerly telegraph office, telhis (.—) summarization; abstraction; condensation; abridgment. — etmek /if to summarize, epitomize; to abstract; to condense; to abridge.
 telif (—.) 1. obs. reconciliation. 2. compilation.
   —      eser original work (as opposed to a translation). — etmek 1. /ı, la/ obs. to reconcile (one thing/person) with (another). 2. hi to compile, put together (a book). — hakkı copyright. — ücreti publishing royalty, telin (.—) cursing, damnation. — etmek /ı/ to curse, damn, telis prov. gunny sack, teliz prov., see telis.
 telkadayif (/...) 1. a sweet pastry with a texture similar to that of shredded wheat. 2. dough with which the aforementioned pastry is made.
telkari (.— —) filigreed with gold/silver, telkih (.—) obs. 1. fecundation, fertilization. 2. grafting (plants). 3. vaccination. — etmek l\l 1. to fecundate, fertilize. 2. to graft (a plant). 3. to vaccinate, telkin (.—) 1. inspiration, suggestion, instilling, inculcation, indoctrination. 2. Islam prayers and words recited by the imam at a graveside service immediately after the deceased has been buried. — etmek /ı, a/ to inspire/instill/ inculcate/indoctrinate (s?o.) with (s.t.). telkurdu, -nu (/..) zool. wireworm. telküf (/.) bot. Sporotrichum schenckii. telküflüce (/...) path, sporotrichosis, tellak (male) attendant who massages and bathes the customers of a Turkish bath, tellaklık 1. work of a tellak. 2. fee paid to a tellak.
 tellal 1. town crier, crier. 2. crier; hawker;
   barker. 3. broker, middleman, tellaliye (.—..) commission/fee paid to a tellal, tellallık 1. being a town crier/a hawker/a barker.
    2. brokerage, being a broker/a middleman.
   3.     commission/fee paid to a tellal, belleme lif 1. stringing wires on/around. 2.
    adorning (a bride) with very thin silver/gold -colored wires. 3. colloq. praising (s.o.) extravagantly. 4. colloq. adorning (a piece of writing) with purple passages or flowery phrases.
 2telleme /i, a/ wiring/telegraphing (s.o.) (a news).
 bellemek hi 1. to string wires on/around. 2. to adorn (a bride) with very thin silver/gold -colored wires. 3. colloq. to praise (s.o.) ex-
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    travagantly. 4. colloq. to adorn (a piece of writing) with purple passages or flowery phrases, telleyip pullamak hi 1. to adorn (s.o.) out; to bedizen (s.o.) with a lot of jewelry; to adorn (a bride) with a lot of thin silver/gold-colored wires. 2. colloq. to blow (s.t.) up out of all proportion, make a big thing out of (s.t.). 3. colloq. to praise (s.o.) to the skies.
                                                             2tellemek /i, a/ to wire/telegraph (s.o.) (a news), tellendirme 1. I\l smoking (a cigarette). 2. /i, a/ having (s.o.) string wire on/around (s.t.).
    3.    /i, a/ having (s.o.) adorn (a bride) with a lot of thin silver/gold-colored wires. 4. Ill cleaning the inside of (s.t.) with a wire, tellendirmek 1. h! to smoke (a cigarette). 2. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) string wire on/around (s.t.).
    3.    /i, a/ to have (s.o.) adorn (a bride) with a lot of thin silver/gold-colored wires. 4. hi to clean the inside of (s.t.) with a wire, tellenme 1. being strung around with wire; having wire strung along it. 2. (of a bride) being adorned with very thin silver/gold -colored wires. 3. colloq. being praised extravagantly. 4. colloq. being adorned with purple passages or flowery phrases. 5. (of a cigarette) emitting a thin plume of smoke, tellenmek 1. to be strung around with wire; to have wire strung along it. 2. (for a bride) to be adorned with very thin silver/gold-colored wires. 3. colloq. to be praised extravagantly. ‘4. colloq. to be adorned with purple passages or flowery phrases. 5. (for a cigarette) to emit a thin plume of smoke, telli 1. (s.t.) which contains a wire or wires, which has been strung with a wire or wires, which has been strung around with wire, or which has wire strung along it; bound/reinforced with wire, wired. 2. (bride) adorned with very thin silver/gold-colored wires. — bebek colloq. frivolous and excessively fond of finery. — bez a kind of cloth embroidered with gold/silver thread. — cam wire glass, wired glass. — çalgılar mus. stringed instruments, strings. — kâğıt gilded/silvered paper.
    —     kavuk Ott. hist, a turban worn by the grand viziers. — kumaş see telli bez. — pullu colloq. showily decked out or bedizened. — sazlar mus., see telli çalgılar, tellikavak (./..) bot. white poplar, silver poplar, abele, Populus alba. tellim prov. always.
telliturna (./..) zool. demoiselle crane, Anthro-poides virgo. tellür chem. tellurium.
telmih obs. allusion, reference. — etmek hi to allude to, refer to. telsi fibrous.
telsiz 1. (s.t.) which does not contain a wire or wires, which has not been strung with a wire or wires, which has not been strung around with wire, or which does not have wire strung along it; not bound/reinforced with
    wire, not wired. 2. radio (used in radio-telegraphy). 3. radiotelephone, radiophone; walkie-talkie; citizens’ band radio, CB. — telefon radiotelephone, radiophone; walkie -talkie. — telgraf radio (used in radiotelegraphy).
                                                             telsizci 1. radiotelegraphist, radio operator. 2.
   radio telephonist, radio operator, telsizcilik 1. radiotelegraphy. 2. radiotelephony, telşehriye (/...) vermicelli, teltik prov. 1. deficiency. 2. defect. 3. (a) figure not easy to use in computation. 4. unpaid portion (of a debt). 5. wanting, lacking, deficient, insufficient, short. 6. defective. 7. (a figure) not easy to use in computation. 8. (a debt) that has not been completely paid off. — doldurmak 1. to make good a deficiency. 2. to round off a sum (to a figure easy to use in computation). — gelmek 1. to turn out to be deficient/defective. 2. (for a computation) to show that an amount is missing, ■—i temizlemek to pay off the remainder of a debt, teltikli prov. 1. wanting, lacking, deficient, insufficient, short. 2. defective. 3. (a figure) not easy to use in computation. 4. (a debt) that has not been completely paid off. teltiksiz prov. 1. not wanting, not deficient. 2. not defective, perfect. 3. (a figure) easy to use in computation. 4. (a debt) that has been completely paid off. telve coffee grounds. — falı telling someone’s fortune by looking at the shapes formed by the grounds remaining in a person’s coffee cup.
                                                             telvis (.—) obs. 1. dirtying, sullying, fouling. 2. ruining, making a mess of. — etmek hi
    1. to dirty, sully, foul. 2. to ruin, make a mess of.
tem see tema.
tema 1. theme, subject, topic. 2. mus. theme, thema.
temadi (.-------) obs. continuation, prolongation,
    being prolonged. — etmek to continue, be prolonged.
temaruz (.—.) obs. feigning illness. — etmek to feign illness, pretend to be ill. temas (.—) 1. contact, touch. 2. contact, communication. —ta bulunmak 1. /la/ to be in touch with; to talk with, meet with. 2. to have sex; /la/ to have sex with. — etmek 1. /a/ to touch. 2. /la/ to touch on (a subject). 3. /la/ to contact, get in touch with (s.o.); to meet and talk with, meet with, -—a geçmek /la/ to contact, get in touch with (s.o.). —a gelmek /la/ to meet and talk with, meet with.
    —  kurmak Aa/ to establish contact with.
    —ta olmak /la/ to be in touch with; to talk with, meet with.
temaşa (.-------) obs. 1. viewing, contemplating
    (with pleasure/relish). 2. pleasure excursion; promenade. 3. thing/person worth seeing, sight, spectacle. 4. play; theatrical production.
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temessül
    —      etmek hi to view, contemplate (s.o./s.t.) (with pleasure/relish), tematik thematic.
 temayül (.—.) obs. 1. tendency, inclination, propensity. 2. liking, fondness, affection. — etmek lal 1. to have a tendency to, be inclined to, have a propensity for. 2. to have a liking/ a fondness/an affection for. temayüz (.—.) obs. becoming distinguished/ noted. — etmek to become distinguished/ noted.
 tembel lazy, indolent, slothful, supine. —e dediler: “Kapım ört.” Dedi: “Yel eser örter.” proverb, see Tembele “Kapını ört,” demişler, “Yel eser örter,” demiş, —e iş buyur, sana akıl öğretsin. (Tembele iş buyurursan sana akıl öğretir.) proverb If you ask a lazy person to do something, all you’ll get in return is unwanted advice: either he’ll/she’ll tell you that you’re asking him/her to do something unnecessary, or he’ll/she’11 say that you ought to think of doing it in a different way. — e “Kapını ört,” demişler, “Yel ' eser örter,” demiş, proverb Some people are too lazy to do even the simplest of tasks. —
 i   tembel colloq. idly, lazily, tembelhane (..—.) den of loafers, den of idlers, tembelhayvan (./..) zool. sloth, tembelhayvangiller (./....) zool. true sloths, Bradypodidae. tembelleşme growing lazy, getting lazy, tembelleşmek to grow lazy, get lazy, tembellik laziness, indolence, sloth, supinity. tembih 1. cautioning, admonition, warning. 2. med. stimulation. — etmek hi 1. to caution, warn, admonish. 2. med. (for a drug) to stimulate.
 tembihleme hi cautioning, warning, admonishing.
 tembihlemek hi to caution, warn, admonish, tembihli (s.o.) who has been cautioned/warned/ admonished, tembul 1. bot. betel, betel pepper, Piper betle.
    2. betel leaf, betel, temcit 1. prayer praising God which is chanted by a muezzin immediately after the sabah ezanı during the months of Rajab, Sha’ban, and Ramazan. 2. meal eaten just before dawn during the month of Ramazan. — pilavı gibi ısıtıp ısıtıp öne sürmek hi colloq. to keep bringing up the same (topic) time after time, temdit obs. 1. extension, extending; prolongation. 2. law extension of time, extension. — etmek h! to extend; to prolong, temeddüh obs. 1. praising o.s., boasting. 2. feeling justly proud. — etmek 1. to praise o.s., boast. 2. to feel justly proud, temeddün obs. 1. becoming civilized, civilization. 2. (a nomad’s) beginning to lead a settled existence. — etmek 1. to become civilized. 2. (for a nomad) to begin to lead a settled existence, temek prov. window in a stable.
 temel 1. foundation. 2. basis; basic principle; ground, groundwork. 3. origin. 4. basic, fundamental. 5. principal, chief, main, most important. —inden 1. (solving a problem) by eliminating its causes. 2. at bottom, fundamentally. — atmak 1. to lay the foundation. 2. /a/ to get established in (a job/a place).
    —  cümle gram., see temel tümce. — çivisi barge spike, boat spike. — duruş starting position of a gymnastic exercise. — kakmak lal colloq. to settle down in (a place) for good. — kemiği anat. sphenoid, sphenoid bone. — taşı foundation stone; cornerstone.
    —  tutmak to become firmly fixed/established. — tümce gram, main clause (in a sentence).
temellendirme hi see temelleştirme, temellendirmek hi see temelleştirmek, temellenme see temelleşme, temellenmek see temelleşmek, temelleşme becoming firmly fixed/established, temelleşmek to become firmly fixed/established, temelleştirme hi fixing/establishing (s.t.) firmly, temelleştirmek hi to fix/establish (s.t.) firmly, temelli 1. (building) which has a foundation; (building) which has (a certain kind of) foundation. 2. permanent (job, employee, member of a group). 3. lasting, enduring, permanent.
   4.     old, long-standing. 5. permanently, for good. 6. completely, wholly, temellük, -kü obs. becoming the owner/the possessor of, acquiring; taking possession of. — etmek h or a/ to become the owner/the possessor of, acquire; to take possession of. temelsiz 1. (building) which lacks a foundation. 2. unfounded, baseless, groundless. 3. impermanent, transitory, transient, temenna (..—) an old-fashioned gesture of salutation made by first lowering the right hand a bit and then touching the fingers of the right hand first to the lips and then to the forehead. — etmek to make a temenna; /a/ to greet (s.o.) with a temenna, temennah see temenna, temenni (..—) heartfelt wish, earnest desire. — etmek hi to wish for (s.t.) earnestly, desire (s.t.) earnestly. — sıygası obs., gram, optative mood.
 temerküz obs. 1. concentration, centering, being concentrated/centered; gathering in (a place).
    2. pol. coalition. — etmek /da/ to be concentrated on/upon, center on/upon/about/around; to gather in (a place). — kabinesi pol. (a) coalition government. — kampı concentration camp.
 temerrüt obs. 1. obstinacy, perverseness; recalcitrance. 2. law default, failure to meet a financial obligation. — etmek to be obstinate/perverse/recalcitrant, temessül obs. 1. taking on or assuming (a certain) form/shape. 2. coming to resemble. 3. assimilation. — etmek /a/ 1. to take on or assume (a certain) form/shape. 2. to come to
 temettü                                           854
    resemble. 3. to assimilate, become assimilated (to); to become a part of. temettü, -üü 1. fin. dividend (paid to a shareholder). 2. (financial) profit. 3. making a (financial) profit out of (s.t.). — etmek /dan/ to make a (financial) profit out of (s.t.). — hissesi fin. dividend (paid to a shareholder), temevvüç obs. 1. heaving, swelling, rolling; billowing; undulation; rippling. 2. fluctuation, rising and falling. — etmek 1. to heave, swell, roll; to billow; to undulate; to ripple.
   2.     to fluctuate, rise and fall, temeyyüz obs. becoming distinguished, standing out; distinguishing o.s. — etmek to become distinguished, stand out; to distinguish o.s. temhir (.—) obs. 1. putting (s.t.) under seal; stamping (s.t.) with a seal. 2. (a public authority’s) sealing up, padlocking (a place).
   —   etmek 111 1. to put (s.t.) under seal; to stamp (s.t.) with a seal. 2. (for a public authority) to lock up (a place) and affix a seal to it, seal up (a place), padlock (a place).
temin (— —) 1. assurance, making (s.o.) feel sure/confident/certain, inspiring (s.o.) with confidence. 2. guaranteeing, promising. 3. ensuring, making sure/certain. 4. securing, achieving, bringing about. 5. obtaining, getting, procuring. — etmek 1. fil to assure, make (s.o.) feel sure/confident/certain, inspire (s.o.) with confidence. 2. /i, a/ to assure (s.o.) of (s.t.). 3. Ill to ensure, make (s.t.) sure/ 'certain. 4. hi to secure, achieve, bring about.
   5.  Ill to obtain, get, procure.
teminat, -ti (— — —) 1. guaranty, guarantee, something given or possessed in order to guarantee something. 2. assurance, word of assurance. — akçesi security, money given as a guaranty. — mektubu letter of guaranty.
teminatlı (------..) guaranteed. — borç secured
   debt.
teminatsız (— —..) not guaranteed. — borç unsecured debt, temiz 1. clean. 2. fresh (air). 3. (s.t.) which is in good condition, which is clean and has been properly cared for. 4. decent, clean -living, morally upright. 5. chaste, virtuous.
   6.  colloq. net (amount of money). 7. well, in a good way. 8. slang poker (the card game).
   —   bir (bir temiz) 1. a good, a thorough (beating/whipping). 2. (beating s.o.) severely, good and proper, but good. — e çekmek 111 to make a fair copy of (a piece of writing).
   —   çevirmek slang to play poker. — e çıkarmak 111 to clear, prove (s.o.) innocent, exonerate. —e çıkmak (for s.o. accused of s.t.) to be cleared, be proven innocent, be exonerated. — giyinmek to wear neat, clean clothes. — hava almak to get some fresh air. — havaya çıkmak to go out and get some fresh air. —e havale etmek 111 1. colloq. to finish (a job that’s been dragging on) in a jiffy. 2. colloq. to eat up, polish off, put away (food). 3. slang to kill, bump (s.o.) off,
                                                                                             temizletme
   put (s.o.) away. — iş altı ayda çıkar, proverb, see İyi iş altı ayda çıkar. — pak colloq. sparklingly clean, spotlessly clean. — patent naut. clean bill of health (for a ship). — raporu doctor’s report stating that someone is in good health, clean bill of health. — süt emmiş colloq. (s.o.) who comes of good stock, decent, trustworthy. — taş flawless gem. — temiz colloq. cleanly, immaculately.
   —   yüzlü colloq. (s.o.) who has an honest, good-hearted look about him/her.
temizkan (./.) 1. biol. arterial blood. 2. purebred, pedigree (animal).
temizleme 111 1. cleaning. 2. purifying (water, air, etc.), purification. 3. cleaning/gutting/ dressing (fish, game, etc.). 4. colloq. finishing. 5. colloq. getting rid of, eliminating. 6. colloq. eating up, polishing off, putting away (food). 7. slang robbing, cleaning out. 8. slang cleaning (s.o.) out, taking all of (s.o.’s) money (during a poker game, etc.). 9. slang killing, bumping (s.o.) off, putting (s.o.) away. — banyosu phot, clearing bath. — maddesi phot, clearing agent.
temizlemek 111 1. to clean. 2. to purify (water, air, etc.). 3. to clean/gut/dress (fish, game, etc.). 4. colloq. to finish. 5. colloq. to get rid of, eliminate. 6. colloq. to eat up, polish off, put away (food). 7. slang to rob, clean out. 8. slang to clean (s o.) out, take all of (s.o.’s) money (during a poker game, etc.).
   9.  slang to kill, bump (s.o.) off, put (s.o.) away.
temizlenme 1. being cleaned. 2. (of water, air, etc.) being purified. 3. (of fish, game, etc.) being cleaned/gutted/dressed. 4. colloq. being finished. 5. colloq. being gotten rid of, being eliminated. 6. colloq. (of food) being eaten up, being polished off, being put away. 7. slang being robbed, being cleaned out. 8. slang being killed, being bumped off, being put away. 9. cleaning o.s.; cleaning o.s. up.
   10. (of a woman’s menstrual period) coming to an end.
temizlenmek 1. to be cleaned. 2. (for water, air, etc.) to be purified. 3. (for fish, game, etc.) to be cleaned/gutted/dressed. 4. colloq. to be finished. 5. colloq. to be gotten rid of, be eliminated. 6. colloq. (for food) to be eaten up, be polished off, be put away. 7. slang to be robbed, be cleaned out. 8. slang to be killed, be bumped off, be put away. 9. to clean o.s.; to clean o.s. up. 10. (for a woman’s menstrual period) to come to an end.
temizletme /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) clean (s.t./s.o.).
   2.  having (s.o.) purify (water, air, etc.). 3. having (s.o.) clean/gut/dress (fish, game, etc.). 4. colloq. having (s.o.) finish (s.t.). 5. colloq. having (s.o.) get rid of or eliminate (s.t.). 6. colloq. having (s.o.) eat up or polish off (food). 7. slang having (s.o.) clean out or rob (s.o./a place). 8. slang having (s.o.)
 temizletmek                                       855
    kill (s.o.), having (s.o.) bump (s.o.) off. temizletmek /i, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) clean (s.t./ s.o.). 2. to have (s.o.) purify (water, air, etc.).
   3.  to have (s.o.) clean/gut/dress (fish, game, etc.). 4. colloq. to have (s.o.) finish (s.t.). 5. colloq. to have (s.o.) get rid of or eliminate (s.t.). 6. colloq. to have (s.o.) eat up or polish off (food). 7. slang to have (s.o.) clean out or rob (s.o./a place). 8. slang to have (s.o.) kill (s.o.), have (s.o.) bump (s.o.) off.
                                                           temizleyici 1. cleaning, cleansing (agent); purifying (agent). 2. cleanser, cleaning agent; purificant, purifying agent. 3. dry cleaner. 4. cleaner, person who does cleaning, temizlik 1. cleanliness. 2. pureness, purity. 3.
    (the act of) cleaning, clean. 4. purification.
   —   işçisi \. garbage collector, sanitation worker, Brit, dustman. 2. street sweeper, street cleaner, persori whose job is to sweep the streets and sidewalks. — malzemesi cleaning materials. — yapmak to do cleaning, clean.
temizlikçi 1. cleaning woman; cleaner. 2. (s.o.) who works as a cleaner. — kadm cleaning woman.
temkin 1. self-possession, poise (which comes from acting with deliberation). 2. deliberateness, deliberation, slowness and care in decision/action. 3. obs., med. localization (of an infection), becoming localized, temkinli 1. self-possessed, poised. 2. deliberate,
    (s.o.) who acts with deliberation, temkinsiz 1. lacking in self-possession/poise. 2.
    lacking in deliberateness, temlik, -ki (.—) law alienation, transferral (of a property/a right); conveyance (of a property). — etmek h/ to alienate (a property/a right); /i, a/ to transfer (a property/a right) to (s.o.); /i, a/ to convey (a property) to (s.o.). temlikname (..— .) law letter of conveyance, conveyance, temmuz July.
tempo (/.) tempo. — tutmak to keep time, beat time.
temren (metal) arrowhead/spearhead, temrin (.—) obs. 1. practicing, practice. 2. (an) exercise (done in order to develop or improve a talent/a skill), temriye 1. bot. lichen. 2. path, lichen (a skin disease).
temsil 1. representing, representation; being a representative for. 2. performance (of a dramatic play). 3. analogy, comparison. 4. obs., biol. assimilation. 5. example. 6. colloq. for example. — etmek 1. Ill to represent; to be a representative for. 2. hi to put on, perform (a dramatic play). 3. /i, a/ to draw an analogy between (one thing) and (another); to see a similarity between (one thing) and (another).
    4.    hi obs., biol. to assimilate, temsilci representative; agent.
temsilcilik 1. representation, being a representative. 2. office, duties, or place of business
                                                                                             teneffüs
   of a representative; agency, temsilen (.—'.) hi representing, as a representative for.
temsili (.— —) 1. representative, serving to represent/portray. 2. imaginative (drawing/ portrait/sketch/painting of a person or scene not actually seen by the artist). 3. composite (portrait of a criminal suspect). — hükümet pol. government by representation, temyiz 1. obs. distinguishing, discerning, recognizing. 2. law appeal. 3. obs. the ability to distinguish between right and wrong. — etmek hi 1. obs. to distinguish, discern, recognize. 2. law to appeal (a case). — kabiliyeti/ kudreti obs. the ability to distinguish between right and wrong. — mahkemesi law court of appeal, ten 1. complexion, hue of the skin. 2. skin,
•  flesh. 3. body (of a person). — fanilası undershirt, tenafür (.—.) obs. cacophony, tenakus (.—.) obs. decrease, diminution, decrement. — etmek to decrease, diminish, tenakuz (.—.) obs. contradiction, being contradictory. —a düşmek to contradict o.s. tenasüh (.—.) obs. transmigration of souls, metempsychosis. — etmek (for a soul) to transmigrate.
tenasül (.—.) obs. procreation, reproduction, generation. — aletleri reproductive organs; genitalia, genitals, tenasüli (.— .—) obs. procreative, reproductive; genital.
tenasüp (.—.) obs. 1. symmetry. 2. proportion;
   harmony. 3. math, proportion, tenazur (.—.) obs. 1. facing each other; lying opposite each other; looking at each other.
   2.    math, symmetry, tenbih see tembih.
tencere (/..) (lidded and now usually handled) saucepan/saucepot/stewpan/stewpot. — dibin/götün kara, seninki benden kara, colloq. The pot’s calling the kettle black, —si kaynarken, maymunu oynarken .... colloq. When he was prosperous .../When he was living on easy street .... — de pişirip kapağında yemek colloq. to make do strictly with what one has; to get by on a shoestring. — tava, herkeste bir hava, colloq. There’s no unity of thQught or action among them; each one of them is off on a different tack. — yuvarlanmış, kapağını bulmuş. (Tencere yuvarlandı, kapağını buldu.) colloq. He’s/ She’s found a friend who’s as bad as he/she himself/herself is. tender rail, tender (coupled to a locomotive), tendürüst, -tü obs. strong and healthy, robust (person).
tendürüstlük obs. bodily strength and healthiness, robustness of body, teneffüs 1. respiration, breathing. 2. recess (in a school). — etmek hi to breathe, respire; to take/get a breath of (air).
 teneffüshane                                     856
teneffüshane (...— .) obs. recreation room or play area (in a school), teneke (./.) 1. tinplate, tin. 2. made of tinplate, tinplate, tin. 3. (large, tin) can/canister (usually containing a liquid): gaz tenekesi kerosene can. (arkasından) — çalmak Iml colloq. to jeer at (s.o.) (often by banging on tinware), —sini eline vermek Iml colloq. 1. to send (s.o.) packing. 2. to fire, give (s.o.) his/her walking papers. — mahallesi colloq. shantytown, fa vela, tenekeci (./..) tinman, tinsmith, tinner, maker/ repairer of tinware, tenekecilik (./...) tinsmithery, being a maker/a repairer of tinware, tenekeli (./..) lined with sheets of tinplate; covered with sheets of tinplate, teneşir wooden bench on which a corpse is washed. — e gelmek colloq. to die, kick the bucket. — horozu/kargası colloq. very thin person, bag of bones, person who’s nothing but skin and bones. — paklar, colloq. hi Only death will put an end to (his/her) misdeeds/wicked actions. — e (kadar) sürmek colloq. (for s.t. bad) to go on right up to the day he/she (its perpetrator) dies. — tahtası long wooden table on which corpses are washed.
teneşirlik 1. place for washing corpses (in the courtyard of a mosque). 2. slang person who’ll keep on misbehaving or being wicked right up to the day he/she dies. 3. (material) suitable for making a bench/a table on which corpses are washed. 4. slang (person) who’s at death’s door, who has one foot in the grave.
                                                        tenevvü, -üü obs. variety, diversity, multifariousness; difference. — etmek to vary, tenevvür obs. becoming lit/illuminated; enlightenment. — etmek to become lit/illuminated/ enlightened, tenezzüh obs. pleasure outing, excursion; promenade. — etmek to go on a pleasure outing; to go for a walk/a ride. — gemisi cruise ship, tenezzül 1. deigning, condescension, lowering
    o.s. 2. obs. falling, decrease (in prices). — buyurmak /a/ to be so kind as to (do s.t.).
    —      etmek 1. /a/ to deign to, condescend to; to lower/demean o.s. for the sake of (s.t.). 2. obs. (for prices) to fall, go down, tenezzülen (./..) obs. very kindly, very graciously.
tenfiz (.—) obs., law carrying out, execution, implementation (of a court order); enforcement (of a law). — etmek 111 to carry out, execute, implement (a court order); to enforce (a law), tenha (.—) lonely/unfrequented/isolated/solitary (place).
tenhalaşma (.— ..) (of a place) becoming relatively empty (devoid of people), tenhalaşmak (.—..) (for a place) to become relatively empty (devoid of people).
                                                                                                tenteneli
tenhalık (.—.) 1. loneliness/isolation/solitude (of a place). 2. lonely/unfrequented/isolated/solitary place. 3. lonely/unfrequented/isolated/ solitary (place), tenis tennis. — kortu tennis court. — raketi tennis racket. — topu tennis ball, tenisçi (professional) tennis player, tenkıye 1. enema, clyster, clysma. 2. liquid injected as an enema. 3. enemator. — yapmak /a/ to give (s.o.) an enema, clysterize. tenkil (.—) obs. 1. doing away with, getting rid of, suppressing (a harmful group of people). 2. punishing (one person/group) in order to admonish others, making an example of (one person/group). — etmek hi 1. to do away with, get rid of, suppress (a harmful group of people). 2. to punish (one person/ group) in order to admonish others, make an example of (one person/group), tenkis (.—) obs. reduction, lowering; lessening, diminution. — etmek III to reduce, lower; to lessen, diminish.
                                                           ’tenkit 1. criticizing, criticism. 2. critical review, review; critique. — etmek 111 1. to criticize.
    2.    to write a critical review of, review. 2tenkit, -ti obs. 1. marking (a letter) with a dot,
                                                              dotting, pointing. 2. punctuating, punctuation.
   —  etmek 111 1. to mark (a letter) with a dot, dot, point. 2. to punctuate (a sentence).
                                                           tenkitçi 1. critic, faultfinder. 2. critic, reviewer.
   3. critical/faultfmding/censorious (person). 4. critical (remark/review).
tennure (.—.) wide-skirted garment worn by a Mevlevi dervish while performing the sema, tenor mus. 1. tenor (voice/singer/part). 2. (a) tenor.
tenperver obs. (s.o.) who is much occupied with the care and feeding of his/her own body, who takes good care of himself/herself, tenrengi, -ni (/..) 1. flesh color, flesh pink, flesh. 2. flesh-colored, flesh-pink, tensel 1. fleshly, bodily. 2. material, of matter, consisting of matter, corporeal, tensik, -ki (.—) obs. 1. putting in order, putting to rights; reorganizing. 2. mil. regrouping, regroupment (of troops). 3. weeding out (inefficient officials/employees). — etmek hi
    1.    to put (s.t.) in order, put (s.t.) to rights; to reorganize. 2. mil. to regroup (troops). 3. to weed out (inefficient officials/employees), tensikat, -ti (.-----) obs. 1. putting (s.t.) in or-
   der, putting (s.t.) to rights; reorganization. 2. mil. regrouping, regroupment (of troops). 3. weeding out (inefficient officials/employees), tensip obs. deeming (s.t.) proper/advisable; finding (s.t.) convenient/preferable, —ine bırakmak /i, ml to leave (s.t.) to (s.o.’s) discretion.
   —  etmek 111 to deem (s.t.) proper/advisable; to find (s.t.) convenient/preferable.
tente (/.) awning.
tenteli (/..) provided with an awning, awninged. tentene (./.) lace (a fine, openwork fabric), tenteneli (./..) trimmed/omamented/edged with
 tentür                                               857
    lace,lacy, tentür pharm. tincture, tentürdiyot tincture of iodine, tenvir (.—) obs. 1. illumination, lighting. 2. enlightening, enlightenment, informing. — etmek /ı/ 1. to illuminate, light. 2. to enlighten, inform.
tenvirat, -ti (.-----) obs. illumination, lighting.
    —  vergisi/resmi formerly municipal tax imposed on citizens living in areas illuminated at night by streetlights.
tenya (/.) zool. tapeworm, taenia, tenia, Taenia. tenyazis path, taeniasis, teniasis. tenzih obs. 1. cleansing (s.o.) of (sin, guilt, a moral defect). 2. considering (s.o.) to be free of (sin, guilt, a moral defect). 3. declaring/ considering (God) to be morally perfect. — etmek 1. /ı, dan/ to cleanse (s.o.) of (sin, guilt, a moral defect). 2. /i, dan/ to consider (s.o.) to be free of (sin, guilt, a moral defect).
    3. Ill to declare/consider (God) to be morally perfect.
Tenzil (.—) the Koran.
                                                            tenzil (.—) obs. 1. lowering. 2. reduction, decrease. 3. subtraction. — etmek hi 1. to lower. 2. to reduce, decrease. 3. to subtract, tenzilat, -ti (.—.) reduction (in price); discount.
    —     yapmak to make a reduction in price, tenzilatlı (.— ..) 1. reduced, marked down in
    price; discounted; reduced, sale (price); discount (price). 2. (buying/selling) at a reduced price; at a discount; (buying) on sale. — satış sale, selling goods at reduced prices, tenzilatsız (.— ..) 1. not reduced, not marked down in price; not discounted; unreduced (price); undiscounted (price). 2. (buying/sell-ing) at an unreduced price; at an undiscounted price, teodise theodicy, teodolit, -ti surveying theodolite, teofaji theophagy. teogoni theogony. teokrasi theocracy, teokrat, -ti theocrat. teokratik theocratic, teolog theologian, teoloji theology, teolojik theological, theologic. teorem theorem, teori theory.
teorik theoretical, theoretic, teorikman theoretically, in theory, teorist, -ti see teorisyen. teorisyen theorist, theoretician, teozofi theosophy.
tepe 1. hill. 2. top, top part: ağacın tepesinde
    at/in the top of the tree, on top of the tree.
    3. crown, topmost part (of one’s head). 4. zool. crest, crown (of a bird). 5. math, vertex.
    6. colloq. the space right beside one: Tepemde dikilme öyle! Don’t stay here breathing down my neck! — altını the gold coins ornamenting a woman’s headdress. — aşağı
                                                                                             tepelenme
   1. upside down. 2. headlong, headfirst, —si aşağı gitmek colloq. to experience hard times, go downhill, hit the skids; to fail miserably, fall flat on one’s face, —sinden aşağı kaynar sular dökülmek colloq., see başından aşağı kaynar sular dökülmek, —si atmak colloq. to lose one’s temper, blow one’s stack, —den bakmak /a/ colloq. to view with scorn/disdain, look down on, look down one’s nose at. —sine binmek Iml colloq., see tepesine çıkmak, —sinde bitmek Iml colloq. 1. to bedevil (s.o.) a lot, harass, badger/bug (s.o.) to death. 2. to appear suddenly before (s.o.); to appear suddenly at (s.o.’s) side, —sinde boza pişirmek Iml colloq. to make (s.o.) very uncomfortable; to crack the whip over (s.o.’s) head; to make it rough for (s.o.). —sine çıkmak Iml colloq. to bedevil (s.o.) a lot, harass, badger/bug (s.o.) to death. — damgası anat., see tepe-damgası. — delen castle built on a crag. — deliği machicolation, —sine dikilmek /in/ colloq. suddenly to go up to (s.o.) and plant
   o.s. right beside or squarely before (s.o.). —sinde havan dövmek Iml colloq. 1. (for people upstairs) to disturb (people downstairs) by making noise, try to bring the ceiling down on (those living downstairs).
   2. stubbornly to refuse to let (s.o.) forget something, continually to remind (s.o.) of something. 3. constantly to pester (s.o.) about something, —den inme colloq. 1. (an order) which comes from a high official, which comes from one of the big guns. 2. very sudden and unexpected. — mazgalı see tepe deliği. — saçı scalp lock, —den tırnağa (kadar) colloq. from head to toe, from head to foot, —si üstü 1. upside down. 2. headlong, headfirst.
tepecami, -m (./..) window or glass light in a ceiling; skylight; bull’s-eye. tepecik 1. small hill, hillock. 2. bot. stigma, tepedamgasi, -m (./...) anat. soft spot, fontanel (on the top of a newborn baby’s head), tepegöz 1. low-browed, (s.o.) who has a very low brow/forehead. 2. mythology Cyclops. 3. zool. cyclops, Cyclops. tepegözler zool. Cyclopidae. tepel anat. apical.
tepeleme 1. /ı/ beating/thrashing (s.o.) severely.
   2. I\l defeating (an enemy) soundly. 3. /i/ killing (especially by hitting the victim on the head). 4. (filling s.t.) heaping full/brimful. 5. heaping portion of, heap of: tepeleme dondurma a heaping portion of ice cream. 6. heaping: bir tepeleme yemek kaşığı şeker a heaping tablespoon of sugar.
                                                          tepelemek hi 1. to give (s.o.) a severe beating/ thrashing. 2. to defeat (an enemy) soundly.
   3. to kill (especially by hitting the victim on the head).
                                                          tepelenme 1. being beaten/thrashed severely. 2. (of an enemy) being defeated soundly. 3.
 tepelenmek                                         858
   being killed (especially by being hit on the head).
tepelenmek 1. to be beaten/thrashed severely.
   2.  (for an enemy) to be defeated soundly. 3. to be killed (especially by being hit on the head).
tepeletme 1. /i, a/ having (one person) beat/ thrash (another person) severely. 2. hi bringing about the defeat of (an enemy). 3. /i, a/ having (one person) kill (another person) (especially by hitting him/her on the head), tepeletmek 1. /ı, a/ to have (one person) beat/ thrash (another person) severely. 2. hi to bring about the defeat of (an enemy). 3. /i, a/ to have (one person) kill (another person) (especially by hitting him/her on the head), tepeli zool. crested (bird), tepeliakbaba (../...) zool. condor, Andean condor, Vultur gryphus. tepelibaştankara (../....) zool. crested titmouse, crested tit, Par us cristatus. tepelidalgıç (../..) zool. great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus. tepelidevekuşu, -nu (../....) zool. cassowary, Casuarius casuarius.
tepelidevekuşugiller (../....) zool. Casuariidae.
tepelik 1. finial. 2. zool. crest, topknot (of a bird). 3. button (to which the tassel of a fez is attached). 4. hilly (area), tepelikarabatak (../....) zool. shag, Phalacro-cprax aristotelis. tepeliköstebek (../...) zool. star-nosed mole, starnose, Condylura cristata. tepelipatka (../..) zool. tufted duck, tufted pochard, Ay thy a fuligula. tepelitarlakuşu, -nu (../....) zool., see tepeli-toygar.
tepelitavuk (../..) zool. hoatzin, hoactzin, stinkbird, Opisthocomus hoazin. tepelitavukgiller (../....) zool. Opisthocomidae. tepelitavuklar (../...) zool. Opisthocomi. tepelitoygar (../..) zool. crested lark, Galerida cristata.
tepetakla (./..) 1. headlong, headfirst. 2. upside down.
tepetaklak (./..) see tepetakla, tephir obs. 1. vaporization, evaporation. 2. fumigating with vapor (as a means of destroying pests or disinfecting). — etmek hi 1. to vaporize, evaporate, convert/reduce (s.t.) to vapor. 2. to fumigate/sterilize (s.t.) with vapor, tephirhane (..—.) obs. fumigator; fumatorium;
   sterilizer, autoclave (which uses steam), tepi psych, (an) impulse, tepik prov. kick, tepikleme hi prov. kicking, tepiklemek hi prov. to kick, tepilenim psych, impulsion, tepilme 1. being kiçked (by an animal). 2. (of s.t.) being trod upon, being trampled upon.
   3.  (of s.t.) being turned down/declined/ rejected; (of an opportunity/a chance) being thrown away.
                                                                                                    tepme
tepilmek 1. to be kicked (by an animal). 2. (for s.t.) to be trod upon, be trampled upon. 3. (for s.t.) to be turned down/declined/rejected; (for an opportunity/a chance) to be thrown away.
tepindirme hi 1. causing (an animal) to stamp its feet. 2. causing (s.o.) to start kicking and stamping (with anger/rage). 3. causing (s.o.) to jump for joy, causing (s.o.) to dance about with joy.
tepindirmek hi 1. to cause (an animal) to stamp its feet. 2. to cause (s.o.) to start kicking and stamping (with anger/rage). 3. to cause (s.o.) to jump for joy, cause (s.o.) to dance about with joy.
tepinme 1. stamping (of an animal), stamping its feet. 2. (a person’s) kicking and stamping (with anger/rage). 3. jumping for joy, dancing about with joy. tepinmek 1. (for an animal) to stamp, stamp its feet. 2. (for a person) to kick and stamp (with anger/rage). 3. to jump for joy, dance about with joy. tepir prov. sieve (made of hair/reeds, used to sieve cereal grains), tepirleme hi 1. putting (s.t.) through a fine sieve, sifting finely. 2. prov. winnowing (wheat) (using a metal tray), tepirlemek l\l 1. to put (s.t.) through a fine sieve, sift finely. 2. prov. to winnow (wheat) (using a metal tray), tepisel psych, impulsive (action), tepişme 1. kicking (of animals), kicking at each other. 2. (of people) scuffling/tussling a bit with each other, tepişmek 1. (for animals) to kick or kick at each other. 2. (for people) to scuffle/tussle a bit with each other, tepke reflex act, reflex. — kemeri reflex arc.
   —      zinciri chain reflex, tepkebilim (./..) reflexology, tepken chem. (a) reactant, tepki 1. reaction; response. 2. recoil (of a firearm). — geliştirme psych, reaction formation. — göstermek to react, tepkili 1. reactive, marked by reaction. 2. recoil -operated (firearm). — motor reaction engine, reaction motor. — uçak jet plane, jet. tepkime 1. reaction. 2. chem. reaction, tepkimek 1. to react. 2. to react, undergo chemical reaction, tepkin chem., phys. reactive, tepkir chem., phys. reactor, tepkisel reactional, reactive, pertaining to reaction.
tepkisiz 1. unreactive, inert; nonreactive. 2.
   (firearm) which is not recoil-operated, tepkiten biochem. enzyme, tepme 1. kicking, kick (of an animal). 2. (a) kick. 3. hi treading on/upon, trampling (s.t.).
   4.  Ill turning down, declining, rejecting (s.t.); throwing away (an opportunity/a chance). 5. kicking, recoiling (of a gun). 6. cropping up
tepmek
 859
terbiyeci
    again, recurring, recurrence. 7. made by being trod upon, tepmek 1. hi (for an animal) to kick. 2. Ill to tread on/upon, trample (s.t.). 3. hi to turn down, decline, reject (s.t.); to throw away (an opportunity/a chance). 4. (for a gun) to kick, recoil. 5. (for s.t.) to crop up again, recur. Teptim keçe oldu, sivrilttim külah oldu, colloq. He/She bends the truth as it suits him/her. tepe tepe kullanmak III colloq. to use (s.o./s.t.) as much or as roughly as one pleases, teprenmek prov., see deprenmek, tepreşmek prov., see depreşmek, tepsi 1. tray. 2. (large, shallow, open) baking tin. — böreği a kind of börejk cooked in a large, shallow, open tray, ter 1. sweat, perspiration. 2. sweat, condensation, moisture (gathered in drops on the surface of an object), —ini alıştırmak colloq. to cool off a little, rest a bit. — basmak /a/ to break out in a sweat: İlker’e ter bastı. İlker broke out in a sweat. — e batmak to be covered with sweat. — bezi 1. anat., see terbezi. 2. a cloth placed inside a child’s clothing and next to his/her skin to absorb perspiration. — boşanmak suddenly to begin to sweat profusely. — dökmek 1. to sweat, perspire. 2. colloq. to sweat, work hard. — döşeği bed on which a woman gives birth to a child. — gözü drop/bead of sweat. — kebesi (felt) horse blanket, —ini soğutmak colloq. to cool off, rest a bit. — e yatmak to make o.s. sweat (by drinking something hot and then wrapping o.s. in a blanket or similar covering).
terahi (.------) obs. lassitude, listlessness; indif-
    ference, apathy, lackadaisicalness, terakki (..—) progress, advancement, advance.
    —   etmek to progress, make progress, advance.
terakkiperver (..— ..) obs. 1. progressive-minded (person). 2. (a) progressive, (a) progres-sivist.
teraküm (.—.) obs. collection, gathering, accumulation. — etmek to collect, gather, accumulate.
terane (.—.) 1. colloq. topic which has become boring through excessive repetition, same old story, tired old refrain. 2. obs. melody, air, tune, terapi therapy.
terapötik therapeutic, therapeutical, teraryum terrarium.
teras 1. terrace (i.e. a rooftop terrace or a flat, raised, paved area outside). 2. terrace, offset (made in a slope). 3. geog. terrace. — katı penthouse, teraslama h! terracing (a slope), teraslamak hi to terrace (a slope), teraslanma (of a slope) being terraced, teraslanmak (for a slope) to be terraced, teravi (.—.) Islam the supererogatory prayer
    performed in the month of Ramazan after the yatsı namazı, teravih (.—.) Islam, see teravi.
Terazi (.—.) astrol. Libra, terazi (.—.) 1. balance, scales, pair of scales, scale. 2. pole (used by a tightrope walker to balance himself/herself). — dili pointer of a balance. — eli handle of a balance. — gözü pan/scale of a balance. — kolu beam/lever (supported by a fulcrum and forming the two arms of a balance). — tablası platform (of an automatic scale). — var, tartı var; her bir şeyin vakti var. (Terazi tartıyla, her şey vaktiyle.) proverb There is a proper time for everything, —ye vurmak hi colloq. to think about (s.t.) carefully, weigh (s.t.) carefully in one’s mind, terazileme (.—...) hi 1. weighing (s.t.) in one’s hand, feeling (s.t.) to see how heavy it is. 2. balancing/poising/arranging (things) as if in a balance. 3. (of a tightrope walker) balancing (himself/herself) with a pole, terazilemek (.— ...) hi 1. to weigh (s.t.) in one’s hand, feel (s.t.) to see how heavy it is. 2. to balance/poise/arrange (things) as if in a balance. 3. (for a tightrope walker) to balance (himself/herself) with a pole, terbezi, -ni (/..) anat. sweat gland, sudoriparous gland.
terbıyık (/..) 1. youth whose mustache has just begun to sprout. 2. (youth) whose mustache has just begun to sprout, terbi, -ii (.—) obs. 1. quadrupling (s.t.). 2. dividing (s.t.) into four parts, quadripartition; quadrisection. 3. making (s.t.) square in shape, squaring; math, quadrature. 4. math. squaring, raising (a number) to the second power. 5. astr. quarter (of the moon). — etmek hi 1. to quadruple. 2. to divide (s.t.) into four parts; to quadrisect. 3. to make (s.t.) square in shape, square. 4. math, to square, raise (a number) to the second power, terbiye 1. teaching (s.o.) good manners; disciplining. 2. good manners, manners. 3. training, education (of a person). 4. tfaining/ taming (of an animal). 5. training (a voice).
    6. any of several sauces made primarily with lemon juice and whole eggs. 7. prov. rein (of a horse). — almak 1. to be taught (good) manners. 2. to be trained, be educated, —sini bozmak colloq. to do something unmannerly, forget one’s manners, be rude. — etmek hi 1. to teach (s.o.) good manners; to discipline (s.o.). 2. to train, educate (s.o.). 3. to train/tame (an animal). 4. to train (a voice).
    —     görmek 1. to be taught (good) manners. 2. to be trained, be educated. — ilmi obs. pedagogy, pedagogics, —sini takınmak colloq. to mind one’s manners; to begin to behave in a mannerly way. —sini vermek Iml colloq. to give (s.o.) a dressing down, terbiyeci 1. educator, educationist. 2. trainer/ tamer (of animals).
 terbiyeli                                          860
terbiyeli 1. well-mannered, mannerly, polite, well-brought-up, well-bred. 2. (food) which contains one of several kinds of sauces made primarily with lemon juice and whole eggs.
   —   maymun gibi colloq. (behaving) in an excessively disciplined way, like a trained seal.
terbiyesiz ill-mannered, unmannerly, impolite, rude; badly brought up, ill-bred, terbiyesizlik rudeness, impoliteness, unmannerliness; bad manners; lack of good breeding.
   —   etmek/yapmak to behave rudely, be impolite.
terbiyevi (...—) obs. educational, educative;
   pedagogic, pedagogical, terbiyum (/..) chem. terbium, tercih preference. — etmek III to prefer; /i, a/ to prefer (one person/thing) to (another), tercihen (.—.) (doing s.t.) by preference, terciibent (.—'..) classical Ott. poet, long poem with a recurrent couplet at the end of each stanza.
tercüman interpreter, (oral) translator; dragoman. — olmak /a/ to articulate, act as a spokesman for (s.o.’s thoughts), tercümanlık 1. interpreting, being an interpreter.
   2. interpretership, position of interpreter. — etmek /a/ to act as (s.o.’s) interpreter. — yapmak to interpret; to be an interpreter, tercüme 1. translation, translating. 2. translation; rendition; something which has been translated. 3. /dan/ (work) which has been translated (from). —- etmek /ı, a/ to translate (s.t.) into (a language); to render (a written work) into (a language); to translate (s.t.) for (s.o.);
   Ill to translate (s.t.). tercümeci translator.
terriimeihal, -li (../..) obs., see hal tercümesi, tere bot. cress, Crucifer. terebent, -ti bot. terebinth tree, (Chian) turpentine tree, Pistacia terebinthus. terebenten chem. terebenthene. terebentin 1. turpentine, turpentine oil. 2. resin, turpentine. — ruhu/esansi turpentine oil. tereci seller of cress, —ye tere satmak colloq. to try to teach one’s grandmother to suck eggs.
tereddi (..—) obs. degeneration, decline. — etmek to degenerate, decline, tereddüt hesitation; wavering, faltering; indecision. — etmek to hesitate; to waver, falter, tereddütlü 1. hesitant; wavering, faltering; indecisive. 2. hesitantly; waveringly, falteringly; indecisively, tereddütsüz 1. unhesitant; unwavering, unfaltering. 2. unhesitatingly; unwaveringly, unfalteringly, terek prov. shelf.
tereke law estate (left by a deceased person), terekküp obs. 1. composition, being composed.
   2. being put together, formation. — etmek
   1.  /dan/ to be composed of, be made up of.
   2.  to be put together, be formed.
                                                                                          terimbilim
terelelli (../.) colloq. 1. (s.o.) who’s full of wild, impractical ideas/longings, flighty. 2. (slightly) crazy/nutty, terementi 1. bot. terebinth tree, (Chian) turpentine tree, Pistacia terebinthus. 2. resin, turpentine. 3. turpentine, turpentine oil. terennüm obs. singing pleasantly/sweetly. — etmek to sing pleasantly/sweetly, teres vulg. 1. bastard, son of a bitch, SOB (used as a term of abuse). 2. pimp, procurer, pander.
teressüm obs. being drawn/delineated. — etmek to be drawn/delineated, teressüp obs. settling to the bottom, sedimentation; precipitation. — etmek to settle, sediment; to precipitate, terettüp obs. being incumbent on/upon, falling to. — etmek /a/ (for s.t.) to be incumbent on/upon, fall to (s.o.). tereyağı, -ni (./..) 1. butter. 2. slang stupid (person). 3. slang stupid person, blockhead. — gibi colloq. very mellow and juicy (pear/ apple). — ndan kıl çeker gibi colloq. as easy as taking candy from a baby, as easy as falling off a log. terfi, -ii (.—) 1. promotion, raising (s.o.) to (a higher rank). 2. promotion, being raised to a higher rank. — etmek 1. to be promoted; /a/ to be raised to (a higher rank). 2. hi to promote; /i, a/ to raise (s.o.) to (a higher rank).
terfian (.—.) obs. by way of promotion; as a promotion.
terfih (.—) obs. improving (s.o.’s) economic conditions/circumstances, bettering the lot of (s.o.); providing (s.o.) with a comfortable living; making (s.o./a place) prosperous. — etmek hi to improve (s.o.’s) economic conditions/circumstances, better the lot of (s.o.); to provide (s.o.) with a comfortable living; to make (s.o./a place) prosperous, terfik, -ki (.—) obs. 1. sending (one person) alongside (another) as an escort. 2. taking (s.o.) with (o.s.) as a companion. — etmek /ı, a/ 1. to send (one person) alongside (another) as an escort. 2. to take (s.o.) with (o.s.) as a companion, tergal, -li 1. tergal (a synthetic fabric/thread).
   2. made of tergal, tergal, terhin obs. pawning, hocking; mortgaging. — etmek hi to pawn, hock; to mortgage, terhis mil. discharge, demobilization. — etmek hi to discharge, demobilize (a soldier). — olmak (for a soldier) to be discharged, be demobilized. — tezkeresi mil. discharge certificate, discharge, terilen 1. terrylene (a water-repellent, synthetic fabric/thread). 2. made of terrylene, terrylene. terim 1. term, technical word/expression. 2. log., math. term, —ler dizgesi terminology, nomenclature.
terimbilim (./..) terminology, nomenclature as a field of study.
terimbilimsel
 861
 ters
terimbilimsel (./...) terminological, terimsel terminological, of or relating to terms, teriye terrier (a breed of dog), terk, -ki abandonment, leaving, quitting; forsaking, desertion. — i dünya etmek obs. to retire from the world, forsake the world and its concerns, seclude o.s. from the world. — etmek hi to abandon, leave, quit; to forsake; to desert. —i hayat/vücut etmek obs. to die. terki 1. the back part of a saddle. 2. croup, rump, crupper (of a horse), —ye/—sine almak hi 1. (for the person in the saddle) to sit (s.o.) behind (him/her). 2. to attach/tie (s.t.) to the back of one’s saddle.
terkibi (.-----) obs. 1. compound, made by the
   compounding of several things. 2. synthetic, synthetical.
terkibibent (.—'..) classical Ott. poet, long poem each stanza of which is followed by a couplet.
terkip obs. 1. compounding/forming (s.t.) from (several things); combining, combination. 2. chem., phil. synthesis. 3. (a) compound, (a) union. 4. chem. (a) compound. 5. gram, a noun and its modifiers. — etmek 1. /ı, dan/ to compound/put together/form/construct (s.t.) from (several things); hi to combine (several things). 2. /i, dan/ chem., phil. to synthesize/synthetize (s.t.) from (several things).
Terkos (/.) name of a village near Istanbul. — Gölü Lake Terkos. — suyu city water (the water supplied through the mains in Istanbul).
terleme 1. sweating, perspiring. 2. sweating; becoming covered with condensation; exuding moisture; fogging up, steaming up (of a window). 3. colloq. (of one’s beard/mustache) sprouting (for the first time). 4. colloq. working hard, sweating, terlemek 1. to sweat, perspire. 2. to sweat; to become covered with condensation; to exude moisture; (for a window) to fog up, steam up. 3. colloq. (for one’s beard/mustache) to sprout (for the first time). 4. colloq. to work hard, sweat, terletici 1. (s.t.) that makes one sweat. 2. colloq. (s.t.) that entails a lot of hard effort. 3. sudorific, diaphoretic (agent). 4. (a) sudorific, (a) diaphoretic, (a) sweater, terletme hi 1. making (s.o./an animal) sweat/ perspire, sweating. 2. colloq. causing (s.o.) much work, making (s.o.) sweat, terletmek hi 1. to make (s.o./an animal) sweat/ perspire, sweat. 2. colloq. to cause (s.o.) much work, make (s.o.) sweat, terli sweaty, perspiry.
terlik 1. house slipper, house shoe; bedroom slipper; scuff. 2. prov. thin cloth skullcap. 3. prov. saddle blanket. 4. prov. a long, full cloak worn by women, terlikçi maker/seller of house slippers, terlikçilik making/selling house slippers.
termal, -Ii 1. thermal, of or relating to hot springs or geysers. 2. chem., phys. thermal, thermic. — otel hotel situated at a hot spring, terme prov., bot. a wild radish, Raphanus. termik phys., chem. thermic, thermal. — santral thermoelectric power plant, plant which generates electricity using thermal power. — terslenme meteorology temperature inversion.
terminal, -li 1. (a) terminal: otobüs terminali
    bus terminal. 2. comp, (a) terminal, terminoloji terminology, terminüs terminus, termit, -ti zool. termite, Isoptera. termitler zool. Isoptera. termodinamik (/....) 1. thermodynamics. 2.
    thermodynamic, thermodynamical, termoelektrik (/....) 1. thermoelectricity. 2. the study of thermoelectric phenomena. 3. thermoelectric, thermoelectrical. — çifti phys. thermocouple, termofil 1. (a) thermophile. 2. thermophile, thermophilic, thermophilous, termofobi thermophobia, termofor hot-water bottle, hot-water bag. termokimya (/..—) thermochemistry, termokoter (/...) (a) thermocautery, (an) actual cautery.
termometre (../.) thermometer, termonükleer (/....) thermonuclear, termoplast, -ti (a) thermoplastic.             ,
termos thermos, thermos bottle, vacuurh bottle, termosfer thermosphere, termosifon 1. hot-water heater (containing a thermosiphon). 2. thermosiphon, termostat, -ti thermostat, termoşimi see termokimya, termoterapi (/....) thermotherapy, ternöv Newfoundland dog, Newfoundland, terör terror.
terörist, -ti 1. (a) terrorist. 2. (s.o.) who is a terrorist, terörizm terrorism, terramisin terramycin (an antibiotic), ters 1. reverse/back (of s.t.); opposite or other side/edge/end: kumaşın tersi the other side of the fabric. 2. converse/inverse/opposite (of s.t.). 3. blunt edge (of a cutting implement).
    4. prov. feces, excrement; dung; turd. 5. inverted; turned inside out. 6. geom. opposite (angle). 7. wrong/opposite (direction/road). 8. colloq. bad-tempered, peevish, cantankerous, ornery; cross-grained. 9. colloq. perverse, wrong-headed, contrary. 10. colloq. sharp/ short/brusque/curt/cross (answer/word). 11. colloq. wrong, completely inappropriate (job/ plan/idea). 12. backwards, in the opposite direction; in the wrong direction. 13. inside out; back to front; upside down. 14. colloq. sharply/brusquely/curtly/crossly. — anlamak hi to misunderstand, misinterpret. — bakmak /a/ colloq. to look sourly/hostilely at (s.o.). —ine çevirmek hi 1. to turn (s.t.) in-
tersaçı
862
tertiplemek
    side out. 2. to invert. 3. to spoil (s.t. that’s been going well). — i dönmek colloq. 1. to lose one’s bearings. 2. to get angry, get riled, —ine dönmek colloq. (for s.t. that’s been going well) to take a bad turn, start going wrong. — düşmek /a/ colloq. to run counter to, go against. — fonksiyon math, inverse function. — gelmek /a/ colloq. (for s.t.) to seem wrong or completely inappropriate to (s.o.). — gitmek colloq. to go wrong, turn out badly, —inden okumak III colloq. to misread, misinterpret, misunderstand. — orantı math, inverse proportion. — pers olmak colloq. 1. to fall flat on one’s face. 2. to become very downcast, get very down in the mouth, — prova counterproof. — tarafından kalkmak colloq. to get up on the wrong side of the bed, be in a bad mood. — ters bakmak /a/ colloq. to look daggers at (s.o.). — yüzüne dönmek colloq. to go back, return. — yüzü geri dönmek colloq. to come/go back empty-handed, tersaçı (/..) geom. opposite angle, tersane (.—.) shipyard.
tersaneli (.— ..) Ott. hist. 1. member of the navy.
   2. naval (officer/seaman), tersevirme (/...) log. contraposition, tersi zool., see tirsi.
tersim (.—) drawing/sketching/painting/por-traying (graphically); making a drawing/a sketch/a painting/a portrait of. — etmek hi to draw/sketch/paint/portray (graphically); to make a drawing/a sketch/a painting/a portrait of.
tersine 1. on the contrary. 2. Iml which is the opposite of ...: Çocuk, öğretmeninin söylediğinin tersine arkadaşıyla konuşmaya devam etti. The child kept on talking with his friend, which was what his teacher had told him not to do. tersinir chem., phys. reversible. — tepkime chem. reversible reaction, tersinirlik chem., phys. reversibility, tersinme prov. 1. moving in the opposite direction, going backwards. 2. getting in a bad mood; getting cantankerous. 3. getting contrary, behaving contrarily. tersinmek prov. 1. to move in the opposite direction, go backwards. 2. to get in a bad mood; to get cantankerous. 3. to get contrary, behave contrarily. tersinmez chem., phys. irreversible. — tepkime chem. irreversible reaction, tersinmezlik chem., phys. irreversibility, tersiyer 1. geol. the Tertiary period or system of rocks, the Tertiary. 2. chem. tertiary: tersiyer alkol tertiary alcohol.
Hersleme hi speaking sharply to, giving (s.o.) a short answer; snapping at; biting (s.o.’s) head off.
2tersleme /a/ befouling with excrement, terslemek hJ to speak sharply to, give (s.o.) a short answer; to snap at; to bite (s.o.’s) head
   off.
2terslemek /a/ to befoul with excrement, terslenme 1. being given a short answer; being snapped at; getting one’s head bitten off. 2. /a/ being short with, talking sharply to, growling at; being surly to. 3. meteorology temperature inversion, inversion.
2terslenme getting befouled with excrement, terslenmek 1. to be given a short answer; to be snapped at; to get one’s head bitten off.
   2. /a/ to be short with, talk sharply to, growl at; to be surly to.
2terslenmek to get befouled with excrement, tersli used in: — yüzlü reversible (garment/ fabric).
terslik colloq. 1. untoward event, adverse happening; hitch. 2. ill-temperedness, peevishness, cantankerousness, orneriness; cross -grainedness. 3. wrong-headedness, contrariness.
terso (/.) slang penniless, broke, busted, bust. T—! slang 1. Shut up!/Shut your mouth! 2. That’s enough!/Stop it!/Cut it out! tersyüz used in: — etmek 1. hi to turn (a garment) inside out. 2. /dan/ colloq. to leave (a place) and go back the way one came (retrace one’s footsteps), tertemiz (/..) very clean, spotlessly clean, spotless.
tertibat, -ti (.—.) 1. arrangement, setup; the manner in which something is organized/ arranged. 2. mil. disposition (of troops, artillery, etc.). 3. mechanism; apparatus; system: ateşleme tertibatı firing mechanism (of a gun). ısıtma tertibatı heating system. 4. precautionary measures. — almak to take precautionary measures, tertip 1. arrangement, setting up, setup; organizing; planning; contriving, contrivance; the manner in which something is arranged/ set up/organized/planned/contrived. 2. mil. disposition (of troops, artillery, etc.). 3. obs., print, typesetting, setting (a page) in type. 4. way, manner: İşi bu tertip üzere hallettik. We solved the matter in this way. 5 .fin. issue (all the bonds issued at one particular time).
   6.     group (of medicines which are taken together as a treatment for an illness). 7. obs., print, signature. 8. obs., math, ordinate. 9. arrangement (of words/phrases/clauses) (in a sentence). — etmek III 1. to arrange, set up; to organize; to plan; to contrive. 2. mil. to dispose (troops, artillery, etc.). 3. obs., print. to typeset, set (a page) in type, tertipçi 1. planner/arranger/author (usually of s.t. nefarious). 2. obs., print, typesetter, compositor. 3. (s.o.) who is good at organizing things. 4. (s.o.) who is always busy organizing something, tertipleme hi arranging, setting up; organizing;
   planning; contriving, tertiplemek III to arrange, set up; to organize; to plan; to contrive.
tertiplenme
863
tesir
tertiplenme being arranged/set up/organized/ planned/contrived. tertiplenmek to be arranged/set up/organized/ planned/contrived. tertipleyici arranger; organizer; planner; contriver.
tertipli 1. tidy, neat; orderly; organized. 2. prearranged, planned in advance, premeditated, tertipsiz untidy, messy; disorganized, tertipsizlik untidiness, messiness; lack of order;
    disorganization, teriitaze (/.— .) very fresh/young; (s.o.) who is in the bloom of youth, terviç (.—) obs. supporting/advocating/favoring/ approving (an idea). — etmek fif to support/ advocate/favor/approve (an idea), terzi 1. tailor; dressmaker. 2. tailor’s/dressmaker’s shop, —ye “Dinlen,” demişler, ayağa kalkmış, proverb What is tiring to one person may be restful to another, —ye “Göç,” demişler, “İğnem başımda,” demiş. proverb If a person’s belongings are easy to carry, he/she can move from place to place without difficulty. — kası anat. tailor muscle, tailor’s muscle, sartorius. — kendi söküğünü/dikişini dikemez, proverb A person’s expertise is often of practical benefit to everyone but himself/herself. — sabunu tailor’s chalk.
terzihane (..— .) tailor’s/dressmaker’s shop, terzil (.—) obs. disgracing; making (s.o.) look ignominious. — etmek fif to disgrace; to make (s.o.) look ignominious, terzilik tailoring, tailory, tailorship; dressmaking.
tesadüf (.—.) 1. chance event, accident, happenstance; a chance meeting, an accidental encounter; coincidence. 2. chance, hazard (personified/treated as an agency). — etmek /a/
    1. to meet/encounter by chance, chance to meet, chance upon, come across, come upon, happen upon. 2. (for s.t.) to happen to take place on/at/in, happen to occur on/at/in. 3. (for s.t.) to happen to hit or collide with. 4. to coincide with, occur at the same time as.
    5.    (for s.t.) to happen to be at the same level as (s.t. else), happen to be on a line with (s.t. else): Ağacın en üst dalı yatak odasımn penceresine tesadüf ediyordu. The topmost branch of the tree chanced to be on a level with her bedroom window, tesadüfen (.— '..) by chance, by accident, fortuitously; by coincidence, coincidentally, tesadüfi (.— .—) chance, accidental, casual, fortuitous; coincidental, tesahup (.—.) obs. 1. claiming/pretending to be the owner of (s.t. which does not rightfully belong to one). 2. supporting and protecting (s.o.), support and protection given by one person to another. — etmek /a/ 1. to claim/ pretend to be the owner of (s.t. which one does not rightfully possess). 2. (for one person) to support and protect (another).
                                                             tesalüp (.—.) obs. 1. biol. crossbreeding, mixing (of breeds). 2. anat. decussation, chiasma, chiasm. — ettirmek fif to crossbreed (varieties/breeds), tesanüt (.—.) obs. mutual support; cooperation;
    solidarity, tesbih see tespih, tesbit see tespit.
tescil official registration, entering (s.t.) in an official register. — etmek fif to register (s.t.) officially, enter (s.t.) in an official register.
    —      limanı naut. port of registry (of a ship), tescilli officially registered, entered in an official
    register. — marka registered trademark, tescilsiz not officially registered, not entered in an official register, tesdis (.—) obs. 1. increasing (s.t.) sixfold. 2. dividing (s.t.) into six parts. 3. making (s.t.) hexagonal. 4. astr. sextile aspect, sextile. — etmek hf 1. to increase (s.t.) sixfold. 2. to divide (s.t.) into six parts. 3. to make (s.t.) hexagonal.
teselli (..—) consolation, comfort, solace. — bulmak to find consolation, be consoled. — etmek fif to console, comfort, give (s.o.) consolation/comfort/solace. — mükâfatı consolation prize. — vermek /a/ see teselli etmek.
tesellüm obs. receiving (s.t.); receiving a consignment of (goods); taking delivery on (a shipment). — etmek hf to receive (s.t.); to receive a consignment of (goods); to take delivery on (a shipment), teselsül obs. uninterrupted succession/sequence/ continuation; concatenation; chain. — etmek to succeed/follow each other without interruption; to continue/flow without interruption.
                                                             tesemmüm obs. 1. becoming poisoned, toxica-tion. 2. poisoning, toxication (a morbid condition). — etmek to become poisoned, tesettür 1. being covered/veiled. 2. covering/ veiling o.s. 3. the practice whereby some Muslim women cover their faces; wear long, all-enveloping garments; and avoid contact with men not related to them. — etmek 1. to be covered/veiled. 2. to cover/veil o.s. teseyyüp obs. negligence, slackness, remissness, teshil (.—) obs. making (s.t.) easier, facilitation.
    —      etmek fif to make (s.t.) easier, facilitate, teshin (.—) obs. making (s.t.) warm/hot; warming; heating. — etmek fif to make (s.t.) warm/hot; to warm; to heat.
’teshir (.—) obs. bewitching, charming, enchanting, casting a spell on. — etmek fif to bewitch, charm, enchant, cast a spell on. 2teshir (.—) obs. subjugation, gaining complete control of. — etmek fif to subjugate, gain complete control of. tes’id (/—) obs., see tesit, tesir (—.) effect; influence. — etmek /a/ to affect, act upon; to have an effect on; to make an impression on, influence, (üzerinde ...)
 tesirli
 864
 testici
   —   yapmak /m/ to have (a certain) effect on; to make (a certain) impression on, influence (s.o.) in (a certain way): Veysel’in gidişi Nevin’in üzerinde çok kötü bir tesir yaptı. VeysePs going had a very bad effect on Nevin.
tesirli (-—..) effective; effectual; efficacious, tesirsiz (—..) ineffective; ineffectual; inefficacious.
tesis (—.) 1. foundation; establishment. 2. institution/association/establishment/foundation (a corporate body). 3. facility: spor tesisleri sports facilities. 4. system, installation (made up of a group of devices): ısıtma ve soğutma tesisleri heating and cooling systems. — etmek h! to found; to establish, set up; to institute.
tesisat, -ti (---.) 1. installation (of electricity,
   plumbing, gas, central heating). 2. (electrical, gas, plumbing, or central heating) system. 3. obs. institutions/associations/establishments/ foundations (corporate bodies). 4. obs. facilities: spor tesisatı sports facilities, turistik tesisat facilities for tourists.
tesisatçı (------..) installer of plumbing/heating/
    gas systems, tesisatçılık (— —...) 1. being an installer of plumbing/heating/gas systems. 2. installing plumbing/heating/gas systems, tesit (/.) obs. celebrating, celebration. — etmek /ıl to celebrate (an occasion), teskere (/..) obs. 1. handbarrow (consisting of a frame with handles). 2. stretcher, litter, teskereci (.'...) obs. stretcher-bearer, teskin (.—) calming; tranquilization. — etmek III to calm; to tranquilize. teslih (.—) obs. arming, furnishing/equipping with arms. — etmek III to arm, furnish/equip with arms.
teslihat, -ti (.----) obs. 1. arming, armament.
   2.  armaments, arms, weaponry.
teslim 1. delivering/handing over. 2. submission, yielding, giving in, surrender, capitulation.
   3.  conceding, admitting, acknowledging, granting. 4. submitting o.s. to the will of God. T—! 1. Surrender!/Give up! 2. I surrender !/I give up! — almak hi 1. to take delivery of, receive (goods/money); to take possession of (a place). 2. mil. to possess, seize control of (a place). — bayrağı çekmek colloq. to give up, throw in the sponge, throw in the towel. — etmek III 1. to deliver/ hand over. 2. mil. to surrender (a place) (to the enemy). 3. to concede, admit, acknowledge, grant. — olmak to submit, yield, give in, surrender, capitulate. — i ruh etmek obs. to die, pass away, give up the ghost. — taşı a flat, twelve-cornered stone worn by Bek-tashi dervishes as a sign of their submission to the teachings of Hacı Bektaş Veli. — ve tesellüm obs. delivery and receipt.
teslimat, -tı (.—.) goods delivered, deliveries; money paid over to someone, payments.
teslimiyet, -ti (.—..) submission, bowing tö the will/the authority of. — göstermek /a/ to submit to, bow to the will/the authority of. teslis 1. tripling, making (s.t.) threefold. 2. dividing (s.t.) into three parts. 3. Christ, the Trinity. — etmek hi 1. to triple, make (s.t.) threefold. 2. to divide (s.t.) into three parts, tesmim (.—) obs. poisoning. — etmek hi to poison.
tesmiye 1. naming, giving a name to. 2. saying bismillah. — etmek 1. hi to name, give a name to. 2. to say bismillah, tespih 1. prayer beads, rosary; chaplet. 2, worry beads. — çekmek to tell one’s beads, tespihağacı, -ni (./...) bot. chinaberry tree, bead tree, Persian lilac, Melia azedarach.
tespihağacıgiller (./.....) bot. Meliaceae.
tespihböceği, -ni (./...) zool. wood louse, pill bug, sow bug, Oniscus. tespih böcek leri, -ni (./....) zool. Oniscidae. tespihli 1. (s.o.) who is holding a string of prayer beads. 2. arch, (s.t.) adorned with a molding containing beading; beaded (molding).
tespit, -ti 1. fixing, making (s.t.) fast/stable/secure. 2. fixing, setting (prices). 3. setting (a bone). 4. establishing, determining. 5. determining the nature of (a crime). 6. mil. holding (the enemy), keeping (the enemy) busy (with a small force while the main force is on the move). — banyosu phot, fixing bath.
   —   davası law declaratory action. — etmek hi 1. to fix, make (s.t.) fast/stable/secure. 2. to fix, set (prices). 3. to set (a bone). 4. to establish, determine. 5. to determine the nature of (a crime). 6. mil. (for a small force) to hold/keep (the enemy) busy (while the main force is on the move). — kuşağı tie rod, tie bar.
tesri, -ii (.—) obs. speeding up, hastening, acceleration, expediting. — etmek hi to speed up, hasten, accelerate, expedite, test, -ti test.
testere (/..) saw (a cutting tool), testerebalığı, -m (/.....) zool. sawfish, Pristis.
testeregagali (/.....) zool. merganser, sawbill,
   Mergus.
testereli (/...) saw-toothed, sawtooth, testi earthenware water jug. — yi doldurmak colloq. to accumulate money, fill one’s coffers, sock it away. — gibi colloq. big and pendulous (female breast). — kebabı see testikebabı. — yi kıran da bir, suyu getiren de. proverb The deserving are being treated just the same as the undeserving. — kırılsa da kulpu elde kalır, proverb A rich person can lose most of his/her wealth and still remain relatively well-off. — su yolunda kırılır. proverb The way a person dies is usually directly related to the way in which he lives (e.g. If you live by the sword; you die by the sword).
testici maker/seller of earthenware water jugs.
 testicilik                                         865
testicilik making/selling earthenware water jugs, testikebabi, -ni meat baked in an earthenware water jug;
tesvit (.—) obs. 1. making a draft or a rough draft of (a written work). 2. draft; rough draft (of a written work). — etmek /ı/ to make a draft or a rough draft of (a written work); to draft, draw up (a written work), tesviye 1. smoothing/flattening/leveling/grading/ planing/evening (a surface). 2. satisfying, discharging, paying (a debt). 3. resolving, settling (a matter). 4. pass (allowing a soldier free transportation). — aleti level (a device used to determine deviation from the horizontal/the perpendicular). — eğrisi geog. contour line, contour. — etmek fi! 1. to smooth/flatten/level/grade/plane/even (a surface). 2. to satisfy, discharge, pay (a debt).
    3. to resolve, settle (a matter). — haritası contour map. — havuzu lock (in a canal/a river/a dock). — münhanisi geog., see tesviye eğrisi.
tesviyeci 1. fitter; pipe fitter. 2. person who smooths/flattens/levels/grades/planes/evens surfaces.
tesviyeruhu, -nu (../—.) level, spirit level, teş prov. washtub, large basin used for washing clothes.
teşbih obs. 1. lit. simile. 2. comparing (one person/thing) to (another). — etmek /ı, a? to compare (one person/thing), to (another).
    —te hata olmaz/olmasm. proverb Pardon the crude expression (said before/after one has compared s.o./s.t. to a person or things regarded as crude!obscene). teşci, -ii (.—) obs. inspiring (s.o.) with courage, emboldening. — etmek !i! to inspire (s.o.) with courage, embolden, teşdit obs. 1. intensification; aggravation. 2. harshening, making (s.t.) severe. — etmek !\! 1. to intensify; to aggravate. 2. to harshen, make (s.t.) severe, teşebbüs 1. enterprise, undertaking, project, attempt. 2. initiative, enterprise (as an energy/ an aptitude). —ü ele almak to take the initiative, take the lead. — etmek /a/ to set about, enter upon, undertake; to attempt.
    —e geçmek to set about doing something, set to.
teşehhüt Islam reciting a prayer which proclaims the unity of God and the apostleship of Muhammad (while performing the namaz). — miktarı obs. instant, trice, teşekkül 1. formation, forming, being formed; taking shape. 2. being made up of, consisting of. 3. group, body, unit; organization.
    —     etmek 1. to be formed; to take shape. 2. /dan/ to be made up of, consist of. teşekkür thanking, expressing one’s gratitude to (s.o.). T—ler! Thanks! — ederim. Thank you. — etmek /a/ to thank (s.o.). teşerrüf obs. 1. being/feeling honored to meet (s.o.); having the honor of meeting (s.o.). 2.
teşrif
   being honored; feeling honored. — etmek
   1.     /la/ to be/feel honored to meet (s.o.); to have the honor of meeting (s.o.). 2. to be honored; to feel honored, teşevvüş obs. confusion, confused state, teşhir 1. displaying, exhibiting, showing, exposing. 2. making (s.o.) a subject of common gossip. 3. drawing (a gun). — etmek !ıl 1. to display, exhibit, show, expose. 2. to make (s.o.) a subject of common gossip. 3. to draw (a gun). — hastalığı psych, exhibitionism.
   —      hastası psych, exhibitionist, teşhirci psych, exhibitionist; flasher, teşhircilik psych, exhibitionism, teşhis 1. med. diagnosis. 2. recognition; identification. 3. lit. personification. — etmek !i! 1. med. to diagnose (an illness/a condition). 2. to recognize; to identify. — koymak /a/ med. to diagnose (an illness/a condition), teşkil (.—) formation, forming. — etmek h! to form; to constitute, teşkilat, -ti (.—.) organization, organized group. T—ı Esasiye Kanunu hist, the Constitution of Turkey (in the years 1921 and 1924). teşkilatçı (.—..)   1.  organizer, person who is
   good at organizing. 2. (s.o.) who is good at organizing.
teşkilatçılık (.— ...) organizing, being an organizer.
teşkilatlandırma (.—....) !i! organizing, giving (s.t./a group of people) an organizational structure.
teşkilatlandırmak (.— ....) !il to organize, give (s.t./a group of people) an organizational structure.
teşkilatlanma (.— ...) being organized, being given an organizational structure, teşkilatlanmak (.—...) to be organized, be given an organizational structure, teşkilatlı (.— ..) organized; (s.t.) which is planned or carried out by an organization; (s.t./a group of people) which has an organizational structure, teşkilathlık (.—...) organization, state of organization.
                             teşkilatsız (.— ..) unorganized; (s.t.) which is not planned or carried out by an organization; (s.t./a group of people) which lacks an organizational structure, teşkilatsızlık (.— ...) unorganized state, lack of an organizational structure, teşmil obs. 1. embracing, including. 2. spreading, extending, making (s.t.) available to. 3. making (s.o./s.t.) liable to. — etmek 1. h! to embrace, include. 2. /i, a/ to spread, extend (s.t.) to, make (s.t.) available to. 3. /i, a/ to make (s.o./s.t.) liable to. teşne 1. greatly desirous. 2. obs. thirsty. — olmak /a/ to desire (s.t.) greatly, thirst for. teşrif 1. visit. 2. /a/ obs. going to: Teşrif nereye? Where are you going? 3. honoring. — etmek/buyurmak 1. /a/ to visit, honor (s.o./ a place) by visiting him/her/it. 2. /a/ obs. to
 teşrifat
   go to (a place). 3. hi to honor, teşrifat, -ti (.—.) 1. protocol, official etiquette.
   2. formality, ceremonial, teşrifatçı (.—..) 1. person who handles matters of protocol, protocol officer. 2. master of ceremonies (in a royal court). 3. stickler for protocol/etiquette; protocolist. 4. (s.o.) who is a stickler for protocol/etiquette, teşrih obs. 1. med. dissection; performing an autopsy on.'2. examining minutely, dissecting. 3. anatomy (as a science). 4. colloq. skeleton. —e dönmek colloq. to become very thin, become a bag of bones, become nothing but skin and bones. — etmek /if 1. med. to dissect; to perform an autopsy on. 2. to examine minutely, dissect. — masasına yatırmak h! to scrutinize (a matter) carefully, teşrihhane (..— .) obs. 1. room in which dissections/autopsies are carried out. 2. anatomy theater (in a medical school), teşrii (..—) obs. legislative. — kuvvet legislative power. — masuniyet legislative immunity, immunity accorded to legislators, teşrik, -ki (.—) obs. 1. making (s.o.) a partner/ an associate in; making (s.o.) a sharer in/of. 2. making (s.o.) a partner to (God) (in His rule). — etmek /ı, a/1. to make (s.o.) a partner/an associate in; to make (s.o.) a sharer in/of. 2. to make (s.o.) a partner to (God) (in His rule), teşrikimesai (.—..— —) 1. obs. cooperation, ? joint effort, working together, collaboration. 2. slang sexual intercourse, sex. — etmek /la/ 1. obs. to cooperate (with), work together (with), collaborate (with). 2. slang to have sex (with), teşrinievvel (.— ...) obs. October, teşrinisani (.——) obs. November, teşt, -ti prov., see teş.
teşvik, -ki 1. encouraging, encouragement, spurring (s.o.) on, inspiring; encouraging (s.o.) to do or participate in (s.t.); promoting the development of (s.t.). 2. incentive. 3. inciting, incitement, provocation. —> etmek 1. /ı/ to encourage, spur (s.o.) on; /i, a/ to inspire (s.o.) to; /i, a/ to encourage (s.o.) to do or participate in (s.t.); hi to promote the development of (s.t.). 2. /i, a/ to incite, provoke (s.o.) to.
teşvikçi 1. encourager, promoter. 2. inciter, provoker. 3. (s.o.) who encourages/promotes. 4. (s.o.) who incites/provokes, teşvikkâr (..—) obs. 1. (s.o.) who encourages/ promotes. 2. (s.o.) who incites/provokes, teşviş (.—) obs. confusing, making (s.o./s.t.) confused; embroiling. — etmek hi to confuse, make (s.o./s.t.) confused; to embroil, teşyi, -ii (.—) obs. seeing (s.o. who is departing) off. — etmek hi to see (s.o. who is departing) off.
tetabuk, -ku (.—.) obs. agreement, being in harmony; coincidence; correspondence; being identical. — etmek /la/ to agree (with), be
866                                             tevali
   in harmony (with); to coincide (with);*to correspond (to); to be identical (to), tetanos path, tetanus, tetanus path., see tetanos, tetebbu, -uu detailed research/study/investigation. — etmek hi to research/study/investigate (s.t.) in detail.
Hetik trigger (of a gun). — e basmak/dokun-mak, —i çekmek to pull the trigger, squeeze the trigger (of a gun). — köprüsü trigger guard.
2tetik 1. quick and alert, quick and wide-awake; quick-witted. 2. vigilant, alert. 3. delicate, (a job) which requires careful handling. — te beklemek colloq., see tetikte olmak, —ini bozmamak colloq. 1. to keep a cool head, keep one’s cool. 2. to maintain an unruffled front. —/—te bulunmak colloq., see tetikte olmak. — davranmak colloq. to act quickly, act at once. —/—te durmak colloq., see tetikte olmak, —te olmak colloq. to be vigilant, be on the alert, be on the qui vive. tetiklik 1. quickness and alertness. 2. quick -wittedness. 3. vigilance, alertness. 4. delicacy, delicateness (of a job), tetir prov. 1. walnut leaf, leaf of a walnut tree.
   2.    walnut hull when it is green in color. 3. stain left by the juice of a fruit/a vegetable, tetkik, -ki detailed investigation, careful examination; scrutiny. — etmek hi to investigate in -detail, examine carefully; to scrutinize, tetkikat, -ti (.—.) detailed investigations, careful examinations; scrutinies, tetraetil chem. tetraethyl. — kurşun tetraethyl lead.
                                                         tetrametil chem. tetramethyl. — kurşun tetra-methyl lead, tevabi, -ii (.—.) obs. 1. suite, entourage (of a high official). 2. followers, adherents. 3. astr. the celestial bodies which revolve around another celestial body of larger size, tevafuk, -ku (.—.) obs. (one thing’s) agreeing with, being in harmony with (another). — etmek /a/ (for one thing) to agree with, accord with, be in harmony with (another), tevahhuş obs. being seized with fright; fear. — etmek to be seized with fright, tevakki (..—) obs. bewaring, being wary of; guarding against. — etmek /dan/ to beware (of), be wary (of); to guard against, be on guard against (doing s.t.). tevakkuf obs. 1. stopping; tarrying; pausing; sojourning, staying. 2. (one thing’s) depending on, being subject to, or being contingent on (another). 3. (one thing’s) being based on, resting on (another). — etmek 1. to stop; to tarry; to pause; to sojourn, stay.
   2. /a/ (for one thing) to depend on, be subject to, or be contingent on (another). 3. /a/ (for one thing) to be based on, rest on (another).
   —     mahalli stop (place at which a bus/a tram/ a train regularly stops), tevali (.— —) obs. 1. continuous succession,
tevarüs
 867
tevil
   uninterrupted sequence. 2. uninterrupted continuation. — etmek 1. to come in an uninterrupted succession. 2. to continue without letup.
tevarüs (.—.) obs. 1. (s.t.’s) passing by inheritance to, devolving on (s.o.). 2. (s.o.’s) inheriting (s.t.), receiving (s.t.) as an inheritance.
   —   etmek /a/ 1. (for s.t.) to pass by inheritance to, devolve on (s.o.). 2. (for s.o.) to inherit (s.t.).
tevarüt (.—.) obs. 1. arriving in succession, coming one after the other. 2. lit. the same poem’s being composed unintentionally by two different poets. — etmek to arrive in succession, come one after the other, tevatür (.—.) obs. rumor, piece of hearsay, widespread report, tevazu, -uu (.--.) humility; modesty. — göstermek to behave humbly/modestly, tevazün (.—.) obs. balance, being balanced; equilibrium, being in equilibrium; equipoise.
   —   etmek to be balanced; to be in equilibrium; to be in equipoise.
                                                           tevbih (.—) obs. reprimanding, reprimand. — etmek /ı/ to reprimand, tevcih obs. 1. turning (one’s face/eyes) to/ towards. 2. aiming/pointing/leveling (s.t.) at, directing (s.t.) to/towards. 3. orienting (s.t.).
   4.  conferring/bestowing (s.t.) upon (s.o.); granting (s.o.) (s.t.). — etmek /ı, a/ 1. to turn (one’s face/eyes) to/towards. 2. to aim/ point/level (s.t.) at, direct (s.t.) to/towards.
   3.     to orient (s.t.) toward. 4. to confer/bestow (s.t.) upon (s.o.); to grant (s.o.) (s.t.). tevdi, -ii (.—) obs. entrusting/committing/consigning (s.t.) to (s.o./a place); confiding (a secret) to (s.o.); depositing (money) in (a bank). — etmek /ı, a/ to entrust/commit/consign (s.t.) to (s.o./a place); to confide (a secret) to (s.o.); to deposit (money) in (a bank), tevdiat, -ti (.—.) deposits (in a bank); things entrusted for safekeeping. — ta bulunmak to make a deposit, deposit some money (in a bank).
teveccüh obs. 1. kind regard, consideration, favor. 2. directing/turning one’s attention to.
   3.     being directed/turned toward. 4. turning one’s steps toward, betaking o.s. to. —ünüz efendim. You’re very kindVThat’s very kind of you./You flatter me (said after receiving a compliment). — etmek /a/ 1. to be directed/turned toward. 2. to turn one’s steps toward, betake o.s. to. — göstermek /a/ to show kind regard to (s.o.). —ünü kazanmak /m/ to win favor in (s.o.’s) eyes, tevehhüm obs. imagining (s.t. that is not there); groundless fear. — etmek to imagine something, worry for no good reason; hi to imagine (s.t. that is not there), tevek prov. 1. stock (of a grapevine). 2. shoot (emerging from the stock of a grapevine). 3. shoot (on a squash, pumpkin, or watermelon plant).
tevekkel colloq. (s.o.) who leaves things to chance, happy-go-lucky, —in gemisi batmaz. (Tevekkelin eşeğini kurt yemez.) proverb A person who puts his/her trust in God can not go wrong, tevekkeli (./..) for no reason, for nothing: Tevekkeli ona deli dememişler. They don’t call him crazy for nothing. — değil, .... It’s not just a matter of chance that...: Tevekkeli değil, onları, o gün Tarabya’daki o lokantada gördüm, meğer hep orada buluşuyor-larmış. My seeing them that day in that restaurant in Tarabya was not just a matter of chance, as that place appears to be their rendezvous.
tevekkül 1. putting o.s. in God’s hands, trusting that God will arrange things for the best. 2. resigning o.s. to one’s fate, resignation. — etmek 1. to put o.s. in God’s hands, trust that God will arrange things for the best; /a/ to put o.s. in (God’s) hands. 2. to resign o.s. to one’s fate; to behave resignedly, tevekküllü (s.o.) who has put himself/herself in God’s hands, who has put his/her trust in God.
tevellüt obs. 1. birth, being born. 2. date of birth. 3. arising, emerging; engendering. — etmek 1. to be born. 2. /dan/ to arise, emerge from; to be engendered from, be produced by.
tevellüttü obs. born (in a certain year): 1316 tevellüttü biri someone born in 1316. teverriim obs., path. 1. becoming tubercular. 2. tumefaction. — etmek 1. to become tubercular; to get tuberculosis. 2. to tumefy, form a tumor.
tevessü, -üü obs. 1. widening; expansion; enlargement. 2. spreading, becoming widespread. — etmek 1. to widen; to expand; to enlarge. 2. to spread, become widespread, tevessül obs. 1. having recourse to. 2. undertaking, attempting, getting involved in. — etmek /a/ 1. to have recourse to. 2. to undertake, attempt, get involved in. tevettür obs. tension.
tevfik, -kı obs. 1. making (s.t.) conform to or agree with; accommodating, adjusting, adapting. 2. guidance/help given one by God. — etmek /ı, a/ to make (one thing) conform to or agree with (another); to accommodate/adjust/adapt (one thing) to (another), tevfikan (.—'.) /a/ obs. in accordance with, in conformity to. tevhit 1. obs. unification, uniting; combination, amalgamation. 2. affirming the unity of (God), monotheism. 3. repeating lailaheillallah. 4. classical Ott. poet, poem affirming that God is one. — ehli 1. (a) monotheist.
   2.    monotheists. — etmek h! to unify, unite; to combine, amalgamate, tevil (—.) obs. 1. willful misinterpretation; forced interpretation. 2. explaining (s.t.) away. — etmek h/ 1. to misinterpret (s.t.)
tevki
 868
tezgâh
    intentionally; to put a forced construction on. 2. to explain (s.t.) away, tevki, -ii (.—) 1. signature of the sultan (elaborately inscribed on an official document by a calligrapher). 2. official document bearing the sultan’s signature, tevkici (.—.) calligrapher who inscribed the sultan’s signature on official documents, tevkif 1. law arrest, taking (a suspect) into custody. 2. obs. stopping, halting, bringing to a stop. 3. obs. deducting, withholding (an amount of money) from (an amount paid).
   4.     obs. withholding, retaining, keeping (s.t.) in one’s possession. — etmek 1. Ill law to arrest, take (s.o.) into custody. 2; 111 obs. to stop, halt, bring to a stop; to detain. 3. /i, dan/ obs. to deduct, withhold (an amount of money) from (an amount paid). 4. hi obs. to withhold, retain, keep (s.t.) in one’s possession. — müzekkeresi law warrant of arrest, tevkifat, -ti (.— —) obs. 1. law arrests. 2. instances of bringing (s.t.) to a stop. 3. deductions (from a salary, etc.). tevkifhane (..—.) obs. jail, lockup, tevkil (.—) obs. making/appointing (s.o.) one’s representative/deputy/proxy. — etmek hi to make/appoint (s.o.) one’s representative/deputy/proxy.
tevlit obs. 1. giving birth to (a child). 2. delivering, helping (a woman) to give birth. 3. producing, bringing about, giving rise to. — letmek 1. to give birth to (a child). 2. to deliver, help (a woman) to give birth. 3. to produce, bring about, give rise to. tevliyet, -ti 1. making (s.o.) a trustee of a vakıf.
   2.  trusteeship of a vakıf, being a trustee of a vakıf.
Tevrat, -t’ı 1. the Torah, the Pentateuch. 2. the Old Testament, tevriye obs. using a word in its most obscure sense.
tevsi, -ii (.—) obs. 1. widening; expanding; enlarging; amplifying. 2. spreading, making widespread. — etmek 111 1. to widen; to expand; to enlarge; to amplify. 2. to spread, make (s.t.) widespread, tevsik, -ki (.—) obs. 1. documenting, backing up (s.t.) with documentary proof. 2. substantiation, verification, confirmation. — etmek lıi 1. to document, back up (s.t.) with documentary proof. 2. to substantiate, verify, confirm.
tevzi, -ii (.—) obs. 1. distribution. 2. delivery (of mail/newspapers). — etmek 111 1. to distribute. 2. to deliver (mail/newspapers), tevziat, -ti (.-----) obs. 1. distributions. 2. de-
                                                            liveries (of mail/newspapers), teyakkuz obs. 1. being vigilant, being on the alert; vigilance; circumspection. 2. awakening, waking up (from sleep). — etmek 1. to be vigilant, be on the alert; to be circumspect.
    2.    to awaken, wake up (from sleep), teyel basting, sewing with long loose stitches.
teyelleme hi basting, tacking (cloth), teyellemek hi to baste, tack (cloth), teyellenme (of cloth) being basted, being tacked, teyellenmek (for cloth) to be basted, be tacked, teyelli basted, tacked (cloth), teyemmüm Islam ritually cleansing o.s. using sand/earth (done only when water is not available). — etmek to cleanse o.s. ritually with sand/earth, teyit (—.) obs. 1. strengthening. 2. corroboration, confirmation. — etmek hi 1. to strengthen. 2. to corroborate, confirm, teyp tape recorder. — e almak 111 to tape, tape -record, make a tape recording of. teyze (/.) maternal aunt. —, ana yarısıdır. proverb One’s mother’s sister is like a second mother to one. teyzezade (..—.) cousin (child of a maternal aunt).
*tez 1. quick, speedy. 2. quickly, speedily. — beri prov. easily. — canlı colloq. 1. (s.o.) who likes to get something done right away, who dislikes delay. 2. impatient. — elden colloq. without delay, quickly. — vakitte see tez zamanda. — i yok /dan/ right away, at once: Yarından tezi yok seni oraya yollayacağım. I’m going to send you over there right away. Şimdiden tezi yok bunu yapmalısın. You ought to do this right now. — zamanda in the shortest time possible.
2tez 1. thesis, idea, view. 2. phil. thesis. 3. piece of written research; thesis; dissertation, tezahür (.—.) obs. 1. appearing, becoming visible; becoming manifest. 2. manifestation, sign. — etmek to appear, become visible; to become manifest, tezahürat, -ti (.-—..) 1. expression of feeling by a group of people; ovation; cheering; applause; booing. 2. demonstration (usually made to protest s.t.). 3. obs. manifestations, signs.
tezat 1. contrast, oppositeness. 2. contradiction.
   3.     log. opposition, —a düşmek (for s.o.) to contradict himself/herself, tezayüt (.—.) obs. increase; multiplication. — etmek to increase; to multiply, tezduyarca (/...) path, anaphylaxis, tezebzüp obs. 1. confusion, disorder. 2. vacillation, indecision. 3. not knowing which way to turn, being in a muddle, tezek dried cow dung (used as fuel), tezekkür obs. 1. discussing, talking over (a matter). 2. remembering, recalling. —- etmek hi
   1.     to discuss, talk over (a matter). 2. to remember, recall, tezelzül obs. being shaken; shaking; quaking.
    —      etmek to be shaken, quake, tezene prov. pick, plectrum, tezgâh 1. counter (long table in a shop/an office separating clientele and personnel and over which business transactions are made or food is served); (small, portable) display stand/ case (used by street sellers). 2. counter (in a
tezgâhlama
 869
 tıgala
   kitchen). 3. workbench. 4. loom (used for weaving). 5. naut. stocks, ways, shipway. — başı yapmak slang to stand at the bar and have a drink, —mdan geçmek Iml slang (for a woman) to have sex with, go to bed with.
    —  kurmak slang to have sexual intercourse, have sex, do it. —ı kurmak to set up shop, hang out one’s shingle.
tezgâhlama III cooking up, concocting, planning (s.t. nefarious), tezgâhlamak III to cook up, concoct, plan (s.t. nefarious).
tezgâhlanma (of s.t. nefarious) being cooked up/concocted/planned. tezgâhlanmak (for s.t. nefarious) to be cooked up/concocted/planned. tezgâhtar clerk, salesclerk, person who tends a counter (in a store). — ağzı sales pitch, sales talk (said disparagingly). tezgâhtarlık clerking, being a clerk (in a store).
    —  etmek 1. to clerk, work as a clerk (in a store). 2. slang to make a sales pitch (said disparagingly).
tezhip 1. illumination, ornamenting (s.t. written by hand) with gilded and painted designs. 2. gilding. — etmek III 1. to illuminate, ornament (s.t. written by hand) with gilded and painted designs. 2. to gild, tezkere 1. note, message. 2. (written) official communication/message. 3. permit; license; certificate: ikamet tezkeresi residence permit (issued to a foreigner residing in Turkey).
    4. mil. discharge certificate, discharge (given to a soldier upon completion of his obligatory military service). 5. classical Ott. poet, book containing the biographies of a number of poets as well as selections from their works.
    —yi almak mil. (for a soldier) to get his discharge, —sini eline vermek Iml colloq. to fire, give (an employee) his/her walking papers.
tezkereci 1. mil. soldier who has just been (or is soon to be) discharged. 2. classical Ott. poet, compiler of a tezkere. 3. mil. (soldier) who has just been (or is soon to be) discharged, tezkire see tezkere.
tezkiye obs. 1. confirming that (s.o.) is of good character, certifying that (s.o.) has a clean record. 2. (an imam’s) inquiring verbally whether or not (a deceased person) was of good character (done as a part of the funeral service). 3. freeing (o.s.) of worldly thoughts and desires, —si bozuk (s.o.) who has a bad character/reputation. —sini düzeltmek to mend one’s ways. — etmek hi 1. to confirm that (s.o.) is of good character, certify that (s.o.) has a clean record. 2. (for an imam) to inquire (verbally) whether or not (a deceased person) was of good character. — varakası certificate showing that someone is of good character.
tezleme prov. 1. hi speeding up (a job), doing
   (a job) more quickly. 2. hastening, hurrying (of s.o.).
tezlemek prov. 1. h! to speed up (a job), do (a job) more quickly. 2. (for s.o.) to hasten, hurry.
tezlenme prov. 1. (of a job) being done more quickly. 2. hastening, hurrying (of s.o.). tezlenmek prov. 1. (for a job) to be done more quickly. 2. (for s.o.) to hasten, hurry, tezleşme (of a job) being done more quickly, tezleşmek (for a job) to be done more quickly, tezleştirme hi speeding up (a job), doing (a job) more quickly, tezleştirmek hi to speed up (a job), do (a job) more quickly, tezlik 1. quickness; speed; haste. 2. liking to get' a job done right away, dislike of delay.
   3.     impatience. — eylemi gram, any verb which has vermek suffixed to it (Such verbs are used to indicate speed, suddenness, lack of hesitation, or easiness.): Böreği firma götürüverdi. He took the börek to the bakery in a trice. Kızım şu camları bir siliver. Give those windows a quick clean, there’s good girl. Odadan fırlayıverdi. She suddenly rushed out of the room, tezvir (.—) obs. 1. malicious misrepresentation; malicious lie. 2. malicious instigation. 3. deceit, trickery, tezvirat, -ti (.— —) obs. 1. malicious misrepresentations; malicious lies. 2. malicious instigation. 3. deceit, trickery, tezyif (.—) obs. 1. deriding, ridiculing, making sport of. 2. showing (s.o.) to be a fraud; showing (s.t.) to be false/unfounded. — etmek hi 1. to deride, ridicule, make sport of.
   2.     to show (s.o.) to be a fraud; to show (s.t.) to be false/unfounded, tezyin (.—) obs. ornamenting, decorating, embellishing, adorning. — etmek hi to ornament, decorate, embellish, adorn, tezyinat, -ti (.— —) obs. 1. decorations, embellishments. 2. ornamentation, decoration.
tezyini (.------) obs. ornamental, decorative.
tezyit (.—) obs. increasing, increase, augmentation. — etmek hi to increase, augment. Tğm. (abbr. for Teğmen) mil. Lt. (lieutenant). Th chem. Th (thorium).
THA (abbr. for Türk Haberler Ajansı) T.N.A.
   (the Turkish News Agency).
THK (abbr. for Türk Hava Kurumu) T.A.F.
   (Turkish Aeronautical Foundation).
THY (abbr. for Türk Hava Yollan) T.A.
   (Turkish Airlines), tıbben (/.) medically; from a medical point of view; for medical reasons, tıbbi (.—) medical. — radyoloji medical radiology.
tıbbiye medical school, school of medicine.
tıbbiyeli medical student.
tıfıl, -fli obs. child.
tifl obs., see tıfıl.
tıgala euphorbium (a gum resin).
 tığ
tığ 1. hooked needle (usually used for crocheting or making lace). 2. awl. 3. plane iron, planer knife, blade of a plane. — gibi colloq. tall, slender, and strong; tall and wiry, tığlama 1.hi lancing (a wound). 2. /i/ piercing (s.t.) with a needle. 3. hi killing (a sacrificial animal). 4. Ill slang knifing; stabbing; bayoneting. 5. hi slang having sex with, poking.
    6. hi prov. watching (s.o./s.t.) secretly. 7. prov. (of a wound) aching a lot, throbbing with pain.
tığlamak 1. hi to lance (a wound). 2. hi to pierce (s.t.) with a needle. 3. hi to kill (a sacrificial animal). 4. hi slang to knife; to stab; to bayonet. 5. hi slang to have sex with, poke. 6. hi prov. to watch (s.o./s.t.) secretly.
    7. prov. (for a wound) to ache a lot, throb with pain.
tığma slang leaving quickly, splitting, vamoosing, making o.s. scarce, tığmak slang to leave quickly, split, vamoose, make o.s. scarce, tık, -ki tap, tapping sound. — tık vurmak /a/ to tap on/at. tıka basa (./ ..) (filling s.t.) as full as possible, tıkaç 1. plug, stopper. 2. path, embolus, tıkaçlama 111 plugging, stoppering, closing (s.t.)
    up with a plug/a stopper, tıkaçlamak hi to plug, stopper, close (s.t.) up with a plug/a stopper, tıkaçlı 1. plugged, stoppered, closed up with a plug/a stopper. 2. furnished with a plug/a stopper.
tıkalı stopped, stopped up; clogged, congested, tıkama hi plugging, stopping; clogging, congesting.
tıkamak hi to plug, stop; to clog, congest, tikam path, embolism.
tıkanık 1. stopped, stopped up; clogged, congested. 2. path, embolic, tıkanıklık 1. being stopped up, stoppage; clog-gage, congestion. 2. congested feeling in one’s chest/throat, tikamm path, occlusion, obstruction, tıkanma 1. being plugged, being stopped; being clogged, being congested. 2. gasping for breath. 3. suddenly feeling full, suddenly feeling as if one had sated one’s appetite for food. 4. path, occlusion, obstruction, tıkanmak 1. to be plugged, be stopped; to be clogged, be congested. 2. to gasp for breath.
    3.     suddenly to feel full, suddenly to feel as if one had sated one’s appetite for food, tıkatma h, a/ having (s.o.) plug/stop (s.t.). tıkatmak h, a/ to have (s.o.) plug/stop (s.t.). tıkılma /a/ 1. being crammed/jammed into, being forcibly/quickly thrust into. 2. confining
    o.s. to, imprisoning o.s. in, being imprisoned in (a place). 3. being thrown into (jail, prison, etc.).
tıkılmak /a/ 1. to be crammed/jammed into, be forcibly/quickly thrust into. 2. to confine o.s. to, imprison o.s. in, be imprisoned in (a
 870                                           tıklatma
   place). 3. to be thrown into (jail, prison, etc.). tikim a bite of food (the amount of food taken in one bite), tıkınma colloq. 1. stuffing o.s. with food, cramming it in, packing it away (said disparagingly). 2. h! eating, tıkınmak colloq. 1. to stuff o.s. with food, cram it in, pack it away (said disparagingly). 2. hi to eat.
tıkır used in: —mda gitmek colloq. (for s.t.) to go well, go like clockwork, (işini) —ma koymak colloq. to put (one’s work, business, etc.) in order. — tıkır 1. colloq. perfectly; without hesitating/faltering; like clockwork.
   2.     (s.t.’s moving) with a regular clicking sound, with a regular click. — ı yolunda colloq. (s.o.) who’s doing well, who’s prospering. —i yolunda gitmek colloq., see tıkırı yolunda olmak, —mı yoluna koymak colloq. to be doing well (financially), be making money. — ı yolunda olmak colloq. (for s.o.) to do well, prosper, tıkırdama rattling lightly, making a light rattling sound; producing a light clicking/clacking sound; (of a small clock) ticking lightly, tıkırdamak to rattle lightly, make a light rattling sound; to produce a light clicking/clacking sound; (for a small clock) to tick lightly, tıkırdatma III 1. rattling (s.t.) lightly; making (s.t.) click/clack lightly; tapping on. 2. bringing (a food) to the boil once, tıkırdatmak hi 1. to rattle (s.t.) lightly; to make (s.t.) click/clack lightly; to tap on. 2. to bring (a food) to the boil once, tıkırtı light rattle; light click/clack; tap; light tick.
tıkışık crammed, squeezed, crowded, tıkışıklık crowded condition, crowdedness, tıkışma /a/ (of people) cramming/squeezing themselves into (a place), tıkışmak /a/ (for people) to cram/squeeze themselves into (a place), tıkıştırma 1. /ı, a/ cramming/jamming/squeezing (people/things) into (a place). 2. hi bolting down (food). 3. h, a/ cramming (food) down (s.o.’s throat), tıkıştırmak 1. /i, a/ to cram/jam/squeeze (people/things) into (a place). 2. Ill to bolt down (food). 3. h, 2lI to cram (food) down (s.o.’s throat).
tıkız 1. too tightly packed/stuffed, hard. 2. firm and well-filled-out. 3. (dough) of a very thick consistency. 4. underdone, undercooked (bread). 5. briquette, briquet, tikizlama hi briquetting, forming (coal dust, metal powder, etc.) into briquettes, tikizlamak III to briquette, form (coal dust, metal powder, etc.) into briquettes, tıklama 1. making a tapping sound. 2. h or a/ comp, clicking, tıklamak 1. to make a tapping sound. 2. h or a/ comp, to click, tıklatma hi 1. tapping (on), knocking gently
 tıklatmak
    (on). 2. comp, clicking, tıklatmak Iı/ 1. to tap (on), knock gently (on).
    2. comp, to click.
                                                          tıklım tıklım (./ ..) very crowded, packed, jammed (with people). — dolu jam-packed, full to overflowing, tıkma /i, a/ cramming/jamming/thrusting/stick-ing (s.o./s.t.) (forcibly/quickly) into (a place), tıkmak /ı, a/ to cram/jam/thrust/stick (s.o./s.t.)
    (forcibly/quickly) into (a place), tıknaz short and plump, tıknefes 1. short of breath. 2. shortness of breath.
tıksırık sneeze made with one’s mouth shut, tıksırıklı 1. (s.o.) who has been sneezing with his/her mouth shut. 2. sick, ill, unwell, tıksırma sneezing with one’s mouth shut, tıksırmak to sneeze with one’s mouth shut, tılsım 1. talisman, amulet, charm. 2. magic spell.
    3. effective remedy/solution.
                                                         tılsımlı 1. enchanted, under a spell. 2. (s.o./s.t.)
                                                          furnished with a talisman/an amulet/a charm, tımar 1. grooming (a horse). 2. hist, fief held under condition of military service, timar. — etmek /ı/ to groom (a horse). — fırçası currycomb.
tımarcı 1. groom, stableman. 2. hist, holder of a military fief, holder of a timar. tımarhane (..—.) insane asylum, nut house, bughouse. — kaçkını 1. escaped lunatic. 2. colloq. person who behaves crazily, kook, nut.
tımarhanelik (..—-..) (s.o.) who’s fit for the insane asylum, who’s ready for the bughouse, tımarlama /ii grooming (a horse), tımarlamak hi to groom (a horse), tımarlı 1. groomed (horse). 2. hist, holder of a military fief, holder of a timar. tin used to imitate the sound produced by striking an empty metal container. — tin slang dim-witted; not bright: Hilmi mi? Onun kafası tm tın! Hilmi? He’s got rocks for brains!
tınaz 1. stack of threshed grain ready for winnowing. 2. haystack. — makinesi winnowing machine.
tıngadak (/..) (falling down) suddenly with a metallic clang, tmgildama prov. clanging, rattling (of a metal object).
tmgildamak prov. (for a metal object) to clang, rattle.
tıngır 1. clanging sound. 2. slang money, spondulicks. 3. colloq. completely empty. 4. slang penniless, flat broke. — elek tıngır saç, elim hamur karnım aç. colloq. My labors benefit everybody but me. — elek, tıngır tas colloq. (place) which hardly has a stick of furniture in it. — mıngır 1. with a clanging sound. 2. slowly. — tıngır 1. with a continual clanging/rattling sound. 2. colloq. completely empty.
                                                         tıngırdama 1. clanging, rattling (of a metal ob-
                                                                                            tıpkıçekim
    ject). 2. slang dying, croaking, kicking the bucket, giving up the ghost, tıngırdamak 1. (for a metal object) to clang, rattle. 2. slang to die, croak, kick the bucket, give up the ghost, tıngırdatma /ı/ 1. making (a metal object) clang/rattle. 2. strumming/thrumming/twanging (a stringed instrument), tıngırdatmak /ı/ 1. to make (a metal object) clang/rattle. 2. to strum/thrum/twang (a stringed instrument), tıngırtı 1. metallic clang/rattle. 2. strum/thrum/ twang (of a stringed instrument). 3. slang sexual intercourse, sex, nooky. tmi timbre, tone, tmlam see tmi.
tınlama ringing, resonating, resounding, tınlamak to ring, resonate, resound, tınmak 1. to make a sound. 2. colloq. to take notice, pay attention, tınmamak 1. not to make a sound. 2. colloq. to take no notice, pay no attention. 3. /i, a/ slang not to tell (s.t.) to, not to let (s.o.) in on (s.t.). tmmaz melaike colloq. one who does not gossip, tmnet, -ti obs. timbre, tone, tip, -bbi medicine, medical science, tıpa (/.) 1. stopper (for a bottle/a jar); bung (for a cask); plug. 2. fuze (for a bomb/a shell). 3. slang drunkard, alcoholic, sot. 4. slang drunk, tipsy, high. 5. slang penis, *cock, *pecker, *dick. —sı/—yı atmak colloq. to get mad, blow one’s stack, tıpatıp (/..) perfectly, exactly, tıpırdama 1. pattering, moving with pattering footsteps. 2. (of one’s heart) going pit-a-pat.
    3.    pattering, pitter-pattering (of rain), tıpırdamak 1. to patter, move with pattering footsteps. 2. (for one’s heart) to go pit-a-pat.
    3.    (for rain) to patter, pitter-patter, tıpırtı 1. patter, pitter-patter (of footsteps/rain).
    2. pit-a-pat (of a heart), tıpır tıpır (./ ..) 1. (rain’s/footsteps’ falling) with a pattering sound. 2. (a heart’s going) pit-a -pat.
tıpış tıpış (./ ..) colloq., used in: — gelmek 1. to patter, come with pattering steps. 2. to come whether one wants to or not. — gitmek 1. to patter, move with pattering steps. 2. to go whether one wants to or not. — yürümek to patter, walk with pattering steps, tıpkı (/.) 1. identical thing: Bu gömleğin tıpkısını istiyorum. I want a shirt just like this one. 2. spitting image: Tına» tıpkı babası. Tmaz’s the spitting image of his father. 3. in just the same way as, just like (s.o./s.t.): Tuba tıpkı teyzesi gibi konuşuyor. Tuba talks just like her aunt. — tıpkısına colloq.
    1.    exactly like (s.o./s.t.). 2. exactly (the same). 3. exactly as it is, exactly as they are, without changing anything, tıpkıbasım (/...) facsimile, exact copy, tıpkıçekim (/...) 1. photocopying; xeroxing. 2.
871
 tıp tıp                                                872
    (a) photocopy; (a) xerox, xeroxed copy, tıp tıp (/ .) used in: — atmak (for one’s heart) to go pit-a-pat, pit-a-pat. — damlamak to drip continuously.
TIR 1. TIR (Transports Intemationaux Routiers “International Road Transport”) (a United Nations agency set up to expedite international road transport). 2. truck bearing a TIR plate. — kamyonu truck bearing a TIR plate, tırabzan stair rail, stair railing, banister. — ayağı baluster, newel. — babası 1. newel -post, newel (large post usually placed at the end of a railing). 2. colloq. weak, ineffectual father who is little more than a figurehead in his family, tırak bang, banging noise. — diye with a bang, tiraka (./.) slang 1. fear, cowardice. 2. showing off, swagger, tirakali (./..) slang 1. cowardly, fearful. 2.
    swaggering, showy, pompous, tiramola (../.) naut., see tiramola, tıraş 1. shaving, shave. 2. very close haircut: asker tıraşı GI haircut. 3. growth of beard (of so many days): iki günlük tıraş a two -day’s growth of beard. 4. smoothing away the rough edges on; planing. 5. slang pulling (s.o.’s) leg, having (s.o.) on, putting (s.o.) on. 6. slang very boring talk, palaver. — bıçağı razor blade. — etmek hi 1. to shave.
    2. to cut (hair) very close. 3. slang to pull (s.o.’s) leg, have (s.o.) on, put (s.o.) on. 4. slang to bore (s.o.) to death with a lot of talk, talk (s.o.’s) head off. — fırçası shaving brush, —i gelmek (for s.o.) to need a shave.
    —  kremi shaving cream. — losyonu aftershave lotion, aftershave. — makinesi 1. safety razor, razor. 2. electric shaver. — olmak
    1. to shave o.s., shave. 2. to get a shave, have a shave. — sabunu shaving soap, —a tutmak hi slang to bore (s.o.) to death with a lot of talk, talk (s.o.’s) head off. — ı uzamak see tıraşı gelmek.
                                                             tıraşçı slang 1. person who likes to have people on, person who likes to pull people’s legs.
    2. very boring and excessively talkative person, long-winded bore. 3. (s.o.) who likes to have people on, (s.o.) who likes to pull people’s legs. 4. (s.o.) who talks other people’s heads off.
tıraşlama hi 1. smoothing away the rough edges on; planing. 2. slang pulling (s.o.’s) leg, having (s.o.) on, putting (s.o.) on. 3. slang boring (s.o.) to death with a lot of talk, talking (s.o.’s) head off. tıraşlamak hi 1. to smooth away the rough edges on; to plane. 2. slang to pull (s.o.’s) leg, have (s.o.) on, put (s.o.) on. 3. slang to bore (s.o.) to death with a lot of talk, talk (s.o.’s) head off. tıraşlı 1. shaved, shaven. 2. (s.o.) who needs a shave, who could do with a shave. 3. smoothed; planed, tıraşsız 1. unshaved, unshaven. 2. (s.o.) who
                                                                                        tırmanma
   needs a shave, whc could do with a shave.
   3.    unsmoothed; unplaned, tirfil bot., see tirfil.
Tirhala (/..) Trikkala (a city in Greece). Tirhalli citizen of Trikkala, Trikkalian. — (hep) bir halli, colloq. They’re all the same; each one’s as bad as the other, tirhandil large fishing boat (equipped with both sails and oars), tırık rattle, rattling sound. — diye with a rattle.
   —     tırak/tırık with a click, with a rattle (used especially to describe the rattle made by the counters and dice moved/thrown when playing backgammon/trictrac). tırıl slang 1. naked; scantily clothed. 2. penniless, stone-broke, tırıllama slang 1. being left naked or scantily clothed. 2. becoming penniless, going stone -broke.
tırıllamak slang 1. to be left naked or scantily clothed. 2. to become penniless, go stone -broke.
tirmk cling (of coins). — tirmk colloq. in hard cash, in cash, tırıs (a) trot (gait of a horse). — gitmek (for a horse) to trot. — a kalkmak (for a horse) to begin to trot, break into a trot, tinviri slang bumpkin, boor, yokel, lout, tırkaz prov. bolt, bar (to secure a door/a window).
tırkazlamak h/ prov. to bolt, bar (a door/a window).
tırkazlı prov. 1. bolted, barred (door/window).
   2.    (door/window) furnished with a bolt/a bar. tırlama 1. purring (of a cat). 2. slang running
   away, making tracks, beating it, getting lost.
   3. slang dying, kicking the bucket. 4. school slang failing a grade, flunking a grade.
tırlamak 1. (for a cat) to purr. 2. slang to run away, make tracks, beat it, get lost. 3. slang to die, kick the bucket. 4. school slang to fail a grade, flunk a grade, tirlatma slang 1. going nuts, going nutty. 2. h/ killing, bumping (s.o.) off, putting (s.o.) away.
tirlatmak slang 1. to go nuts, go nutty. 2. hi to kill, bump (s.o.) off, put (s.o.) away, tırmalama hi 1. scratching, clawing. 2. colloq.
   grating on, irritating, disturbing, troubling, tırmalamak l\l 1. to scratch, claw. 2. colloq. to grate on, irritate, disturb, trouble, tırmalanma being scratched, being clawed, tırmalanmak to be scratched, be clawed, tırmananlar zool., see tırmanıcılar, tırmanıcı 1. zool. climbing, scansorial (animal).
   2.    bot. climbing, scandent (plant), tırmanıcılar zool. 1. Scans ore s. 2. Zygodac-tylae.
tırmanma 1. climbing; /a/ climbing up. 2. hi climbing up (s.t. steep). 3. (of an airplane) gaining altitude, climbing. 4. colloq. escalating, increasing. — şeridi climbing lane (in a highway).
tırmanmak
 873
tırtılsineği
tırmanmak 1. to climb; /a/ to climb up. 2. hi to climb up (s.t. steep). 3. (for an airplane) to gain altitude, climb. 4. colloq. to escalate, increase.
tırmaşıkkuşu, -nu (../..) zool. creeper, Certhia. tırmaşıkkuşugiller (../....) zool. Certhiidae. tırmık 1. scratch, clawed place, wound made by an animal’s claw or a person’s fingernail.
    2. rake (e.g. garden rake, etc.). — atmak /a/ 1. to scratch, claw. 2. to try to scratch/ claw.
tırmıklama Iı/ 1. scratching, clawing. 2.
   smoothing (soil) with a rake, raking (soil), tırmıklamak III 1. to scratch, claw. 2. to smooth (soil) with a rake, rake (soil), tırmıklanma 1. being scratched, being clawed.
    2. (of soil) being smoothed with a rake, being raked.
tırmıklanmak 1. to be scratched, be clawed. 2. (for soil) to be smoothed with a rake, be raked.
tırnak 1. nail; fingernail; toenail. 2. claw; hoof (refers only to the horny part of an animal’s hoof). 3. quotation mark, quote, Brit, inverted comma. 4. mech. ratchet, pawl, click, detent.
    5. ejector, ejecting mechanism (of a gun). 6. barb (of a hook); fluke, palm (of an anchor).
    7. claw-foot console table. 8. print, binding margin (left on the binding edge of a page).
    —ma benzememek Iml colloq. (for one person) to be very inferior to (another), be nothing compared to (another). — çekici claw hammer. — ı dibinde colloq. 1. Iml very near, right under (s.o.’s) nose. 2. (money paid) in cash, cash on the barrelhead, on the barrelhead. — fırçası nail brush. — geçirmek /a/ colloq. to latch onto (s.o.) and bedevil him/her. — göstermek /a/ colloq. to show one’s claws, behave threateningly. — iliştirmek /a/ colloq., see tırnak geçirmek.
    —  işareti/imi quotation mark, quote, Brit. inverted comma. — kesintisi nail paring, nail clipping, —larmi kesmek Iml 1. to cut (one’s/s.o.’s) nails. 2. colloq. to render (s.o.) harmless, pull (s.o.’s) teeth, —mm kiri bile olamamak fm! colloq. (for one person) to be very inferior to (another), be nothing compared to (another). — makası nail-scissors.
    —  pidesi prov., see tirnakpidesi. —mi/ —larmi sökmek !m! colloq. to render (s.o.) harmless, pull (s.o.’s) teeth. — sürüştürmek/ sürtüştürmek colloq. to interfere deliberately in order to make a bad situation worse, stick one’s oar in deliberately in order to fan the flames. — takmak /a/ colloq., see tırnak geçirmek. — törpüsü nail file; emery board, —in varsa başını kaşı, proverb Don’t embark on something unless your own resources are equal to it./If you can’t afford the ticket, don’t get on the train, —larmi yaptırmak colloq. to have a manicure/a pedicure. — yemek to bite one’s nails. — yeri fingerhold (in the blade of a pocketknife).
tırnakçı slang pickpocket; thief, tırnaklama h! scratching, clawing, tırnaklamak /ı/ to scratch, claw, tırnaklanma being scratched, being clawed, tırnaklanmak to be scratched, be clawed, tırnaklı (animal) which has nails/claws/hooves; unguiculate; ungulate. — pide prov., see tirnakpidesi.
tırnaklık fingerhold (in the blade of a pocket-knife).
                                                              tirnakotu, -nu (./..) bot. mouse-ear hawkweed, mouse-ear, mouse bloodwort, felon herb, Hieracium pilosella. tirnakpidesi, -ni (./...) prov. pita ornamented with impressions made with the fingernails, tırnaksı naillike, ungual, unguinal. — kemik anat. lacrimal bone, os lacrimale, os unguis, tırnaksız 1. nailless; clawless; hoofless. 2. slang opportunist.
tırpan scythe. — atmak /a/ colloq. 1. to weed out, get rid of (unwanted employees). 2. to kill off, eliminate (alf one’s enemies) by murdering them, —la biçmek hi to scythe, —dan geçirmek hi colloq. to get rid of, eliminate.
tırpana (./.) zool. gray skate, Raja batis. tırpancı scyther, scytheman. tirpankurdu, -nu (./..) zool. cutworm, Noctua. tırpanlama hi 1. scything. 2. colloq. getting rid of, eliminating, tırpanlamak hi 1. to scythe. 2. colloq. to get rid of, eliminate, tırpanlanma 1. being scythed. 2. colloq. being gotten rid of, being eliminated, tırpanlanmak 1. to be scythed. 2. colloq. to be gotten rid of, be eliminated, tırtık nick; notch. — tırtık full of nicks/notches, tırtıkçı slang pickpocket; thief, tırtıklama hi slang stealing, swiping, Brit, nicking.
tırtıklamak hi slang to steal, swipe, Brit. nick, tırtıklı 1. nicked; notched; serrated. 2. jagged, jaggy, rough, uneven. 3. geog. (coast) full of indentations, jagged (coast).
’tırtıl zool. caterpillar (insect larva).
2tırtıl 1. caterpillar tread, endless chain belt on which a caterpillar-type vehicle runs. 2. serration (on a knife blade). 3. milling (on a coin). 4. perforation, perforations (along the edge of a postage stamp). 5. mech. milling cutter. 6. rowel; spiked wheel; jagging wheel.
    7.    slang sponger, freeloader. — çekmek /a/ to mill/serrate (a metal object). — kesmek hi to cut (s.t.) in a serrated pattern, tirtillanma (a tree’s) getting full of caterpillars, tirtillanmak (for a tree) to get full of caterpillars.
’tırtıllı full of caterpillars.
2tırtıllı 1. serrated; jagged. 2. milled, tırtılsı 1. caterpillar-like, (s.t.) which resembles a caterpillar. 2. bot. amentiform, ament -shaped. 3. bot. ament, catkin, tırtılsineği, -ni (./...) zool. tachina fly, tachina,
 tırtır
 874
tilkikuyruğu
   Tachina.
tırtır zool. ichneumon fly, ichneumon, Ichneumon.
tırtırsineği, -ni zool., see tırtır.
tıs hiss (sound made by a goose/a snakela cat when alarmed/irritated). — yok. colloq. There was not a sound to be heard, tıslama hissing (of a goose/a snake/a cat), tıslamak (for a goose/a snake/a cat) to hiss, tıynet, -ti obs. nature, innate character, makeup (of a person), tıynetsiz obs. innately bad, crooked by nature, dishonest by nature.
Ti chem. Ti (titanium).
ti (—) mil. bugle call (signaling that s.t. is about to begin), —ye almak /ı/ slang to make fun of, ridicule, poke fun at. — işareti mil. bugle call (signaling that s.t. is about to begin). Tibet (/.) 1. Tibet. 2. Tibetan, of Tibet, tibetati, -ni (/...) zool. kiang, kyang, kiyang, Equus hemionus.
Tibetçe (./.) 1. Tibetan, the Tibetan language.
   2.  (speaking/writing) in Tibetan, Tibetan. 3. Tibetan (speech/writing); spoken in Tibetan; written in Tibetan.
Tibetli (/..) 1. (a) Tibetan. 2. Tibetan (person), tibetöküzü, -nü (/....) zool. yak, Bos grunniens. tibetsığırı, -m (/....) zool., see tibetöküzü. Ticani (.— —) adherent of a dervish order founded in North Africa, ticaret, -ti (.—.) trade, trading, commerce, traffic. — açığı trade deficit, trade gap. — anlaşması trade agreement. — ataşesi commercial attache. T— Bakanı the Minister of Commerce. T— Bakanlığı the Ministry of Commerce. — bankası commercial bank. — borsasi exchange; stock exchange; commodity exchange. — dengesi balance of trade, trade balance. — filosu merchant marine, mercantile marine. — gemisi merchant ship, merchantman. — hukuku commercial law.
   —      muvazenesi see ticaret dengesi. — odası chamber öf commerce. — unvanı trade name (of a firm). — yolu trade route, ticaretevi, -ni (.— /..) trading establishment, business, firm, tiearetgâh (.—.—) trading center, center of commerce.
ticarethane (.—.—.) trading establishment, business, firm, ticari (.— —) commercial, trading, trade. — marka trademark. — senet commercial paper, negotiable instrument, tifdruk (/.) photogravure, heliogravure, tifo (/.) path, typhoid fever, tiftik 1. angora, mohair. 2. fine, soft wool clipped from sheep in the spring. 3. made of angora, angora, mohair. — keçisi zool. Angora goat. — tiftik olmak (for cloth) to fuzz, become fuzzy, tiftiklenme fuzzing (of cloth), becoming fuzzy, tiftiklenmek (for cloth) to fuzz, become fuzzy, tiftruk (/.) see tifdruk.
tifüs (/.) path. typhus, typhus fever.
*tik, -ki tic, twitching.
2tik, -ki 1. bot. teak, Tectona grandis. 2. made of teakwood, teak, tikağacı, -ni (/...) bot. teak, Tectona grandis. tike prov. 1. piece, portion, part. 2. small, square chunk of meat. 3. crumb (of bread). 4. bite, mouthful, morsel (of food). 5. small amount of, a little: Bir tike çorba içtim. I ate a little soup. — tike in pieces, in bits; in shreds, tikel log., phil. particular, particular in nature (as opposed to universal). tikellik log., phil. particularity, tiken prov., see diken, tiksinç see tiksindirici, tiksindirici revolting, sickening, nauseating, repugnant, repellent, tiksindirme /ı/ revolting, making (s.o.) sick, turning (s.o.’s) stomach; /i, dan/ .making (s.o.) feel revolted at the thought/sight of. tiksindirmek /i/ to revolt, make (s.o.) sick, turn (s.o.’s) stomach; /i, dan/ to make (s.o.) feel revolted at the thought/sight of. tiksinilme /dan/ being revolted by, feeling nauseated at the thought/sight of. tiksinilmek /dan/ impersonal passive to be revolted by, feel nauseated at the thought/sight of.
tiksinme /dan/ being revolted by, feeling sick at the thought/sight of, finding (s.o./s.t.) repugnant.
tiksinmek /dan/ to be revolted by, feel sick at the thought/sight of, find (s.o./s.t.) repugnant, tiksinti revulsion, nausea, utter distaste, repugnance.
tilavet, -ti (.—.) reading/chanting (the Koran) according to the rules, tilki 1. zool. fox, Vulpes. 2. colloq. fox, cunning person, crafty person; slyboots, —nin dönüp dolaşıp geleceği yer kürkçü dükkânıdır. proverb A person always seems to return eventually to a place that he’s/she’s once known well. — gibi colloq. foxy, crafty, cunning, sly, wily, —ye, “Tavuk kebabı yer misin?” demişler; “Adamın güleceğini getiriyorsunuz,” demiş, proverb Do you ask a starving person if he’d/she’d like caviar? —, tilkiliğini anlatmcaya/bildirinceye kadar post elden gider, proverb 1. Once you’ve been accused of doing something wrong it takes you an eternity to prove your innocence. 2. By the time you’ve proved to others how foxy you are, somebody foxier will have come along and outfoxed you. tilkibalığı, -ni (./...) zool., see sapanbalığı. tilkikuyruğu, -nu (./...) 1. bot. fleabane, Erig-eron. 2. bot. foxtail grass, foxtail, Alopecurus.
   3. a grape which forms long, thin bunches of fruit. 4. greased wrestling a maneuver by a wrestler who’s been pinned down on his back: he tries to break his opponent’s hold by tugging him downward by his chin/ shoulder.
tilkileşme
 875
 titiz
tilkileşme colloq. getting foxy, getting crafty, tilkileşmek colloq. to get foxy, get crafty, tilkilik colloq. foxiness, craftiness, cunning, slyness, wiliness, tilkitaşağı, -m (./...) bot. early purple orchid, Orchis mascula. tilkiüzümü, -nü (./...) bot. herb Paris, Paris quadrifolia. tilmiz (.—) obs. student, tim 1. sports team. 2. team, group (of people), timar see tımar.
timbal, -lı mus. kettledrum, timbal, tymbal. timpan anat. tympanum, tympanic membrane, eardrum, timpani mus. timpani, tympani. timpanist, -ti mus. timpanist, tympanist, timsah zool. 1. crocodile, Crocodylus. 2. alligator, Alligator. — gözyaşları colloq. crocodile tears.
timsahbekçisi, -ni (./...) zool. crocodile bird, Pluvianus aegypticus. timsahgiller zool. Crocodylidae/Crocodilidae. timsahlar zool. Loricata. timsal, -li (.—) symbol.
Timurleng see Timurlenk.
Timurlenk Tamerlane, Tamburlaine, Timur -Leng.
timiis (/.) anat. thymus, thymus gland, tin 1. spirit; soul. 2. phil. nous. 3. psych, psyche.
    4.    psych, anima. tinbilim (/..) psychology, tinbilimci (/...) psychologist, tinbilimsel (/...) psychological, tiner paint thinner, thinner, tingoz slang cuff, slap. — sarkıtmak /a/ slang to cuff, slap, give (s.o.) a cuff/a slap, tinka (/.) zool. tench, Tinea tinea. tinsel spiritual (as opposed to material). tinselci phil. 1. spiritualistic, spiritualist. 2. (a) spiritualist, tinselcilik phil. spiritualism, tinsellik phil. spirituality, spiritualness, tin tin (.' .) (moving) very quietly and cautiously; (moving) on tiptoe, tip, -pi 1. type, sort. 2. colloq. unusual; odd, strange, tipi snowstorm; blizzard, tipik typical.
tipilemek for a snowstorm or blizzard to rage; for a snowstorm or blizzard to begin to rage; for a snowstorm to get blizzardy. tipleme theat. typecasting, tipo (/.) letterpress, typographical printing. — baskı see tipo. tipograf typographer.
tipografya letterpress, relief printing, typographical printing, typography, tipsiz slang ugly, unattractive, (s.o.) whose physical appearance puts one off. tirad theat., see tirat.
                                                           tiraj circulation (of a newspaper/a periodical), tiramola (../.) naut. tacking, putting (a sailing ship) about, changing the direction of (a sail-
   ing ship). — etmek hi naut. to tack, put (a sailing ship) about. — yapmak naut. (for a sailing ship) to tack, go about, tiran tyrant.
tirat theat. long declamatory speech, tirbuşon corkscrew, tirbuton buttonhook, tire cotton thread.
2tire dash; hyphen.
tirendaz obs. 1. archer. 2. clever and industrious. 3. (s.o.) who dresses sprucely, tirfil bot. trefoil, clover, Trifolium. tirfillenme becoming threadbare, tirfillenmek to become threadbare, tirfon large screw (especially one used to fasten rails to railway ties), tirhandil see tirhandil. tirhos zool. sardine, Sardina pilchardus. tirildeme shivering, quivering, shaking, trembling, quaking, tirildemek to shiver, quiver, shake, tremble, quake.
tiril tiril (./ ..) colloq. 1. gauzy, gossamery, filmy (cloth). 2. spotlessly clean, spanking clean. — giyinmek to wear spotlessly clean clothes. — titremek to shiver/quiver/shake/ tremble/quake violently, tirişko (./.) slang false, unfounded, made-up. tirit toast soaked in unthickened meat gravy or sugary syrup. — i çıkmak colloq. (for s.o.) to get so old and feeble he/she can no longer move about unaided. — gibi colloq. (s.o.) so old and feeble he/she can no longer move about unaided, tiritleşme colloq. getting so old and feeble that one can no longer move about unaided, tiritleşmek colloq. (for s.o.) to get so old and feeble he/she can no longer move about unaided.
tiriz 1. lath, batten. 2. tailor, binding, tirle breast pump (for milking a woman’s breast).
tirlin ruling pen, drawing pen. tiroit anat. thyroid, thyroid gland, tirpidin hort. small mattock, tirpit hort., see tirpidin, tirpitil hort., see tirpidin, tirpitin hort., see tirpidin, tirsi zool. twaite shad, twaite, thwaite, Alosa finta.
tirşe 1. bluish green, blue-green, aquamarine.
   2.     vellum; parchment, tir tir (/ .) used in: — titremek to shiver/ quiver/shake/tremble/quake violently, tiryak, -ki theriaca, theriaca Andromachi, the-riac.
tiryaki (.—.) addict, —si olmak An/ to be addicted to. tiryakilik (.— ..) addiction, tişört, -tü (—.) T-shirt, tee shirt, titan chem. titanium, titanyum (./.) chem., see titan, titiz 1. fastidious, hard to please, exacting, fin-
 titizlenme
   icky, persnickety, pernickety, picky. 2. particular, choosy, discriminating, fastidious. 3. meticulous, very careful. 4. irritable, peevish; edgy.
titizlenme 1. becoming hard to please, getting finicky/persnickety/pernickety/picky. 2. becoming particular/choosy/discriminating/fastidious. 3. becoming meticulous. 4. getting irritable/peevish/edgy, titizlenmek 1. to become hard to please, get finicky/persnickety/pernickety/picky. 2. to become particular/choosy/discriminating/fastid-ious. 3. to become meticulous. 4. to get irritable/peevish/edgy, titizleşme see titizlenme, titizleşmek see titizlenmek, titizlik 1. fastidiousness, being hard to please, exactingness, finickiness, persnicketiness, pernicketiness. 2. particularity, choosiness. 3. meticulousness. 4. irritability, irritableness, peevishness; edginess, titre used in: — etmek hi chem. to titrate, titrek trembling, shaking, quivering, quaking, shaky, tremulous, titrekkavak (./..) bot. quaking aspen, aspen, Populus tremula. titreklik 1. shakiness, tremulousness. 2. mus. tremolo.
titreleme hi chem. titrating, titration, titrelemek 111 chem. to titrate, titrem phon. tone, pitch, intonation, titrembirim (./..) phon. toneme, titreme 1. shivering; trembling, shaking, quivering, quaking; fluttering. 2. flickering (of a light); fluttering (of the picture on a TV screen). 3. /dan/ being very afraid of. titremek 1. to shiver; to tremble, shake, quiver, quake; to flutter. 2. (for a light) to flicker; (for the picture on a TV screen) to flutter. 3. /dan/ to be very afraid of. titrenti path, clonus, titrentili path, clonic.
titreşim 1. vibration. 2. mus. vibrato. 3. resonance. 4. shivering; trembling, shaking, quivering.
titreşimli 1. vibrating, vibratile, vibratory. 2. resonant. 3. phon. voiced, uttered by vibrating the vocal cords. 4. phon. (a) resonant, titreşimölçer (../..) vibrometer. titreşimsiz 1. vibrationless. 2. phon. unvoiced, voiceless, titreşimyazar (../..) vibrograph. titreşme 1. trembling/quaking/quivering/shaking (of every part of s.t.). 2. vibrating, vibration (of things). 3. shivering/trembling (of people).
titreşmek 1. (for every part of s.t.) to tremble/ quake/quiver/shake. 2. (for things) to vibrate.
    3.    (for people) to shiver/tremble, titreştirme III 1. causing (every part of s.t.) to tremble/quiver. 2. causing (things) to vibrate.
    3.    causing (people) to shiver/tremble, titreştirmek hi 1. to cause (every part of s.t.)
 876                                              toğrul
   to tremble/quiver. 2. to cause (things) to vibrate. 3. to cause (people) to shiver/tremble, titretme hi 1. causing (s.o./s.t.) to shiver/trem-ble/shake/quiver/quake/flutter. 2. causing (a light) to flicker; causing (the picture on a TV screen) to flutter. 3. causing (s.o.) to be very afraid, terrifying, titretmek 111 1. to cause (s.o./s.t.) to shiver/trem-ble/shake/quiver/quake/flutter. 2. to cause (a light) to flicker; to cause (the picture on a TV screen) to flutter. 3. to cause (s.o.) to be very afraid, terrify, titrileme hi chem., see titreleme. titrilemek hi chem., see titrelemek. tiyatro (./.) 1. theater, playhouse. 2. theater, drama as an art. 3. theat. repertory company.
   4.     theater, plays, dramatic literature, repertoire. 5. play, drama, tiyatrocu (./..) 1. theater owner, owner of a playhouse. 2. theat. head of a repertory company. 3. colloq. actor; actress, tiyatroculuk (./...) 1. the art of putting on plays; theatrical technique. 2. the theater business, running a theater. 3. running a repertory company. 4. colloq. acting, being an actor/an actress.
tiyatrolaştırma (./....) hi dramatizing/rewriting/ adapting (s.t.) for the stage, tiyatrolaştırmak (./....) hi to dramatize/rewrite/ adapt (s.t.) for the stage, tiyo slang, see tüyo.
’tiz 1. shrill, high-pitched and irritating (voice/ sound). 2. mus. high, high-pitched. 3. mus. sharp, above the true pitch.
*tiz slang buttocks, behind, rear, rear end, fanny, tizleşme 1. (of a voice/a sound) becoming shrill, getting high-pitched and irritating. 2. (of a piece of music) becoming high-pitched. 3. mus. sharping; singing sharp; playing sharp, tizleşmek 1. (for a voice/a sound) to become shrill, get high-pitched and irritating. 2. (for a piece of music) to become high-pitched.
   3.    mus. to sharp; to sing sharp; to play sharp, tizlik 1. shrillness (of voice/sound), being high -pitched and irritating. 2. mus. being high, being high-pitched. 3. mus. sharpness, being above the true pitch, tizreftar (—.—) obs. fast, quick.
TL (abbr. for Türk Lirası) T.L. (Turkish lira). TI chem. TI (thallium).
Tm chem. Tm (thulium).
TMMOB (abbr. for Türk Mühendis ve Mimar Odaları Birliği) T.E.A.A. (Turkish Engineers and Architects’ Association).
TMO (abbr. for Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi) A.P.B. (Agricultural Products Bureau). TMTF (abbr. for Türkiye Milli Talebe Federasyonu) T.N.F.S. (Turkish National Federation of Students).
Togo (/.) 1. Togo. 2. Togo, of Togo.
Togolu (/..) 1. (a) Togolese. 2. Togolese (person).
toğrul zool. goshawk, Accipiter gentilis.
 tohum                                                  877
tohum 1. (a) seed. 2. biol. fertilized egg. 3. sperm. 4. stock, family. — bağlamak (for a plant) to develop seed, go to seed. — u dökülmek colloq. to reach the menopause. — ekmek to sow seed, seed, plant, —a kaçmak
    1. (for a plant) to go to seed; (for a plant/a vegetable/a fruit) to get tough and inedible.
    2. colloq. (for a person) to go to seed, run to seed, get dry around the edges, lose his/ her youthful charms, —da önoluşum öğretisi biol. theory of preformation. — vermek to produce seed.
tohumcu 1. seedsman; raiser/seller of seed. 2. seedsman, sower.
tohumculuk 1. raising/selling seed, being a raiser/a seller of seed. 2. sowing seed, being a sower.
tohumlama hi 1. inseminating artificially, artificial insemination. 2. fertilizing (an egg). 3. seeding, sowing (an area) with seed.
tohumlamak hi 1. to inseminate artificially. 2. to fertilize (an egg). 3. to seed, sow (an area) with seed.
tohumlanma 1. being artificially inseminated.
    2. (of an egg) being fertilized. 3. (of an area) being seeded/sown, being sown with seed.
    4. (of a plant) developing seed, going to seed.
tohumlanmak 1. to be artificially inseminated.
    2. (for an egg) to be fertilized. 3. (for an area) to be seeded, be sown, be sown with seed. 4. (for a plant) to develop seed, go to seed.
tohumlu 1. (plant) which has seed pods on it.
    2. bot. spermatophytic, spermaphytic; phanerogamic, phanerogamous (plant). — bitkiler bot. seed plants, Spermatophyta, Sperma-phyta; Phanerogamia.
tohumluk 1. (seed) used/grown/saved for planting, seed: tohumluk mısır seed com. 2. colloq. (s.o.) who’s gone to seed, who’s past it.
    3. place where seed is stored.
*tok, -ku 1. full (satisfied with food). 2. thick and closely woven (cloth). 3. deep (voice).
    —  açın halinden bilmez/anlamaz. (Tok açın halinden ne bilir.) proverb A well-fed person cannot imagine the distress of a hungry person. — ağırlaması/ağırlamak güçtür (güç olur), proverb It’s hard to be a good host to those who are full, because they won’t eat anything you offer them. — evin aç kedisi colloq. child who won’t eat food when it’s set before him/her at home but wants it when he’s/she’s in somebody else’s house. — gözlü colloq., see tokgözlü. — gözlülük colloq., see tokgözlülük. — iken yemek yiyen, mezarını dişiyle kazar, proverb Eating when you’re not hungry is very bad for your health. — karnına right after eating, on a full stomach. — sözlü colloq., see toksözlü. — sözlülük colloq., see tok-sözlülük. — tutmak (for a food) to be filling.
2tok, -ku toque.
                                                                                    toksikoman
 !toka (/.) 1. buckle (as of a belt). 2. barrette (for the hair); hairpin.
 2toka (/.) 1. shaking hands. 2. clinking glasses (when drinking a toast). — etmek 1. to shake hands. 2. to clink glasses (while toasting). 3. Ill naut. to make taut, draw tight. 4. /i, a/ slang to pay, plank down, tokaç (oar-shaped) clothes stick (used for beating washing), tokaçlama hi beating (washing) with a clothes stick.
 tokaçlamak hi to beat (washing) with a clothes stick.
tokaçlanma (of laundry) being beaten with a clothes stick, tokaçlanmak (for laundry) to be beaten with a clothes stick, tokalaşma /la/ 1. shaking hands. 2. clinking glasses (while toasting), tokalaşmak /la/ 1. to shake hands. 2. to clink glasses (while toasting), tokat slap, cuff. — atmak/aşketmek /a/ to slap; to cuff. — ı patlatmak /a/ colloq. to give (s.o.) a resounding slap/cuff. — yemek to be slapped; to be cuffed.
2tokat prov. 1. pen; sheepfold. 2. narrow hollow (lying between high hills, used as a pen for animals), tokatlama hi slapping; cuffing, tokatlamak III to slap; to cuff, tokatlanma being slapped; being cuffed, tokatlanmak to be slapped; to be cuffed, tokgözlü (/..) colloq. not covetous; not greedy;
   content with what he/she has. tokgözlülük (/...) colloq. lack of covetousness; lack of greed; being content with what one has.
 toklaşma 1. matting (of cloth), getting thick. 2.
   deepening (of a voice), toklaşmak 1. (for cloth) to mat, get thick. 2.
   (for a voice) to deepen, toklu prov. yearling sheep, tokluk 1. fullness, being satisfied (with food/ drink). 2. density, thickness (of cloth). 3. deepness (of s.o.’s voice), tokmak 1. mallet; beetle; tamper; maul; gavel.
   2.    knocker (for a door). 3. drumstick (for beating a drum). 4. clapper (of a bell). 5. wooden pestle. 6. slang penis, *dick, *cock, *pecker. — gibi colloq. solidly built, thickset, stocky, chunky (person), tokmakbaş (./.) zool. goby, Gobius. tokmakçı slang gigolo.
tokmaklama hi 1. beating with a mallet/a beetle/a maul/a gavel/a pestle; tamping. 2. slang *fucking, *screwing. tokmaklamak hi 1. to beat with a mallet/a beetle/a maul/a gavel/a pestle; to tamp. 2. slang to *fuck, *screw. toksik 1. toxic, toxical. 2. (a) toxic, toksikolog toxicologist, toksikoloji toxicology, toksikoman toxicomaniac.
 toksikomani
toksikomani toxicomania, toksin toxin, toksisite toxicity.
toksözlü (/..) colloq. blunt; outspoken, plain-spoken; bluff, toksözlülük (/...) colloq. bluntness; outspokenness, plainspokenness; bluffness, toktağan constant, perpetual. — karlar perennial snow.
tokuç prov. 1. (oar-shaped) clothes stick (used for beating washing). 2. blockhead, dimwit, tokurcun prov., see dokurcun, tokurdama (of a nargileh) making a bubbling sound.
tokurdamak (for a nargileh) to make a bubbling sound.
tokurdatma hi making (a nargileh) bubble, tokurdatmak hi to make (a nargileh) bubble, tokurtu bubble, bubbling sound (of a nargileh). tokuşma /la/1. (of animals) butting each other.
   2. colliding, collision.
                                                      tokuşmak /laI 1. (for animals) to butt each other. 2. to collide, tokuşturma /ı, la/ 1. causing (animals) to butt each other. 2. causing (one thing) to collide with (another); knocking (two things) together. 3. clinking (glasses) (when toasting), tokuşturmak /ı, la/1. to cause (animals) to butt each other. 2. to cause (one thing) to collide with (another); to knock (two things) together. 3. to clink (glasses) (when toasting), tokuz thick and closely woven (cloth).
Tokyo (/.) 1. Tokyo. 2. Tokyo, of Tokyo, tokyo (/.) thong, flip-flop (a rubber sandal), tolerans 1. tolerance, open-mindedness. 2. tech. tolerance, allowable deviation from a standard, tolga war helmet.
tolit, -ti chem. tolite, trinitrotoluene, TNT. toloz arch., see tonoz, tolu tolu, tolu balsam, balsam of Tolu. tolii see tolu.
toliien chem. toluene, methylbenzene. tomak prov. 1. wooden ball. 2. wooden mace.
   3. a kind of boot.
tomar 1. roll (of paper, leather, etc.); scroll. 2. heap, pile. 3. rammer (used by a cannoneer), bir — colloq. a lot of, a great deal of, a wad of.
tombak 1. tombac, tombak (an alloy of copper and zinc). 2. made of tombac, tombac, tombala (/..) lotto, loto, Brit, tombola, Brit. house, Brit, housey-housey. — çekmek to draw a number (while playing lotto), tombalacı (/...) lotto man, seller of lotto chances.
tombalak colloq. plump, chubby, tombaz 1. flat-bottomed barge, lighter. 2. pontoon, float (of a pontoon bridge), tombul plump (person), tombullaşma getting plump, tombullaşmak to get plump, tombulluk plumpness.
                                                                                                    top
tomografi med. tomography, tomruk 1. log (ready to be cut up into planks/ beams). 2. roughhewn block (of stone). 3. ingot (of cast metal). 4. bot. bud (of a plant).
   5. Ott. hist. jail. 6. formerly instrument made of a hollowed log and used for punishing offenders (It resembled the stocks.). — harmanı place in a forest where newly cut logs are piled.
tomson Thompson, Thompson submachine gun. tomurcuk bot. bud (of a plant), tomurcuklanma bot. budding (of a plant), tomurcuklanmak bot. (for a plant) to bud. ’ton ton (one thousand kilograms), —la colloq.
   1. by the ton, in great quantities. 2. tons of, a vast number of: Her gün tonla portakal alıyoruz. Every day we’re buying tons of oranges.
2ton 1. tone. 2. tone; shade; tint (of a color). 3. mus. whole step, whole tone, tone. — sağırlığı tone deafness.
3ton zool., see tonbalığı, tonaj tonnage, tonalite mus. tonality.
tonbalığı, -ni (.'...) zool. bluefin tuna, tunny, Thunnus thynnus. tondura (/..) see tundura. toner toner. — kartuşu toner cartridge.
Tonga (.'.) 1. Tonga. 2. Tongan, of Tonga, tonga (.'.) slang trick, fast one. — ya basmak to be tricked, be conned, be taken in. — ya bastırmak hi to trick, con, play (s.o.) for a sucker. — ya düşmek/oturmak see tongaya basmak.
Tongalı (/..) 1. (a) Tongan. 2. Tongan (person), tonik med. 1. (a) tonic. 2. tonic, tonical. tonilato (../.) naut. tonnage; ton. tonilatoluk (../..) naut. (ship) which can carry (so many) tons, tonlama 1. intonation. 2. hi phot, toning, tonlamak h! phot, to tone, tonlayici phot, toner.
tonluk (s.t.) which weighs (so many) tons; (s.t.)
   which can carry (so many) tons, tonos arch., see tonoz, tonoz arch, vault. — bingi arch, squinch/ tontin law (a) tontine.
tonton colloq. darling, sweet, dear (old person or child), tonus physiol, tonus.
top, -pu 1. ball. 2. ball-shaped object. 3. mil. cannon; artillery piece. 4. bolt, roll (of cloth).
   5. ream (of paper). 6. round; rounded. — u Iml colloq. all of; the whole lot of: Topunu aldım. I bought the whole lot of them. — ağaç tree which has a rounded/umbrellalike shape. — un ağzında colloq. in the most dangerous spot, at the lion’s mouth, on the edge of the volcano. — arabası 1. mil. gun carriage. 2. slang testicles, balls, nuts. — ateşi mil. cannon fire; artillery fire, gunfire. — atımı mil. 1. cannon-shot, range of a cannon; range of an artillery piece. 2. round, salvo,
878
 topaç                                                879
   volley, shot. — atmak 1. mil. to fire a gun.
   2.  slang to go bankrupt, go bust. 3. slang (for a student) to fail a year, flunk a grade.
   —u atmak slang 1. to go bankrupt, go bust.
   2.  to fail a year, flunk a grade. 3. to die, kick the bucket. — bindirmek mil. to limber up; /a/ to attach a gun to (a limber), —la buluşmak (for a player) to get the ball. — çehre round face. — etmek hi colloq. 1. to amass (things) in a heap, heap (things) up, pile (things) up. 2. to roll (s.t.) up in a ball, make (s.t.) into a ball. — gibi gitmek colloq. to go at once, go without wasting any time at all. — gibi gürlemek colloq. to boom, thunder, proclaim in a loud, booming voice.
   —   gibi patlamak colloq. (for a piece of news) to explode like a bomb. — haznesi barrel of an artillery piece. — koşturmak colloq. to play soccer. — lahana bot., see toplahana. — olmak colloq. to amass. — otu mil. powder charge (put in a cannon).
   —   otu beylikten olunca güllesi Bağdat’a gider, proverb When you’ve got unlimited resources and facilities at your disposal, you can do superior work. — oynamak 1. to play soccer. 2. to pass a ball back and forth; to play catch. — sakal colloq. full, round beard.
   —   salata bot., see topsalata. — top colloq.
   1.  very round. 2. many bolts of (cloth). 3. many reams of (paper). —u topu colloq. in all, all told, altogether, —a tutmak III 1. mil. to blast (people/a place) with cannon fire or artillery fire. 2. colloq. to berate, blast, light into (s.o.). — tüfek arms, weapons. — yekûn see topyekûn.
topaç 1. top (child’s toy); teetotum. 2. rounded loom (of an oar). 3. tumpin. 4. prov. round basket. — gibi colloq. plump and sturdy (child) . •
topak 1. round mass, ball, lump (of dough, clay, butter, etc.). 2. floe, flock (a flocculent mass in a chemical precipitate). 3. fetlock, projection on the back of an animal’s leg just above the hoof. 4. metallurgy pellet. 5. prov. bottle. 6. prov. wineglass, topaklama III metallurgy pelletizing, forming (s.t.) into pellets, topaklamak hi metallurgy to pelletize, form (s.t.) into pellets, topaklanma 1. getting lumpy. 2. flocculation, topaklanmak 1. to get lumpy. 2. to flocculate, topal 1. lame, crippled. 2. wobbly, unsteady, (piece of furniture) which has one leg that is shorter than the others. 3. lame person/ animal; cripple. — eşekle kervana karışmak/katılmak colloq. to try to do something big with woefully inadequate means, —la gezen, aksamak öğrenir, proverb If you hang around with bad companions you soon pick up their bad habits, topalak prov. round, rounded; rotund, topalak bot. buckthorn, Rhamnus chlorophorus globosus.
                                                                                             toplahana
topallama 1. limping, walking with a limp. 2.
   slang making a mess of things, topallamak 1. to limp, walk with a limp. 2.
   slang to make a mess of things, topallık lameness.
topalti, -m (/..) area just outside the walls of a castle/a city, toparlak 1. very round. 2. mil. limber (to which a gun carriage is attached). — hesap calculation given in round figures. — sayi/rakam round figure, round number, toparlama hi 1. gathering together, collecting.
   2.    summarizing, putting (what one has to say) in a nutshell. 3. straightening up, tidying, picking up. 4. smartening (o.s.) up, tidying (o.s.) up. 5. collecting (one’s thoughts, o.s.); pulling (o.s.) together; getting (o.s.) together, toparlamak hi 1. to gather together, collect. 2. to summarize, put (what one has to say) in a nutshell. 3. to straighten up, tidy, pick up.
   4.    to smarten (o.s.) up, tidy (o.s.) up. 5. to collect (one’s thoughts, o.s.); to pull (o.s.) together; to get (o.s.) together, toparlanma 1. being gathered together, being collected. 2. being summarized. 3. being straightened up, being tidied, being picked up. 4. smartening o.s. up, tidying o.s. up. 5. pulling o.s. together; setting one’s house in order; shaping up; getting o.s. together, getting one’s act together. 6. recovering, getting back on one’s feet (after an illness/a financial disaster), toparlanmak 1. to be gathered together, be collected. 2. to be summarized. 3. to be straightened up, be tidied, be picked up. 4. to smarten o.s. up, tidy o.s. up. 5. to pull o.s. together; to set one’s house in order; to shape up; to get o.s. together, get one’s act together.
   6.     to recover, get back on one’s feet (after an illness/a financial disaster), topatan a long, yellow muskmelon. topaz geol. topaz.
topçeker 1. navy gunboat. 2. artillery (animal/ vehicle), (animal/vehicle) used for pulling a gun carriage, topçu 1. mil. cannoneer; artilleryman, gunner.
   2.    mil. the artillery, the artillery branch (of an army). 3. slang bankrupt, bust. 4. slang student who has flunked a grade. — sınıfı mil. the artillery branch (of an army). — subayı mil. artillery officer, topçuluk mil. gunnery.
tophane (.—.) hist. \. cannon foundry. 2. artillery school. — güllesi school slang zero, goose egg, Brit, duck egg. topik a food made with crushed sesame seeds, chickpeas, potatoes, onions, and spices, topik 1. (a) medicine designed for topical application only. 2. topical (medicine), topla prov. three-pronged pitchfork, toplaç collector (in a dynamo), toplahana (.'...) bot. head cabbage, heading cabbage, Brassica oleracea capitata.
 toplam                                            880
toplam 1. math, total. 2. gross (as opposed to net); overall: toplam verim overall efficiency. — olarak in all, all told, altogether, toplama 1. Ill gathering, collecting. 2. hi math. adding, adding up, totaling; addition. 3. hi amassing, accumulating. 4. hi picking, harvesting. 5. hi straightening up, tidying up, picking up. 6 hi convening, convoking. 7.
   Ill clearing (the table) (after a meal). 8. Ill confiscating, seizing. 9. putting on weight, gaining weight. — işareti/imi math, plus sign. — kampı concentration camp. — makinesi 1. adding machine. 2. hay-baler (a farm machine). 3. corn picker (a farm machine).
toplamak 1. Ill to gather, collect. 2. Ill math, to add, add up, total. 3. hi to amass, accumulate.
   4. Ill to pick, harvest. 5. ill to straighten up, tidy up, pick up. 6 111 to convene, convoke.
   7.    Ill to clear (the table) (after a meal). 8. hi to confiscate, seize. 9. to put on weight, gain weight. 10. (for a festering pustule, wound, etc.) to come to a head, become swollen with pus. 11. (for the sky) to become filled with rain/snow clouds, lower; (for rain/snow clouds) to gather, toplamk gathered, assembled, toplanılma 1. meeting/assembling (of people).
   2.     being gathered, being collected, toplanılmak 1. impersonal passive (for people)
   to meet/assemble. 2. to be gathered, be collected.
toplanma 1. being gathered, being collected. 2. math, being added, being added up, being totaled. 3. being amassed, being accumulated.
   4. being picked, being harvested. 5. being straightened up, being tidied up, being picked up. 6. being convened, being convoked. 7.
   (of the table) being cleared (after a meal). 8. gathering, assembling. 9. shaping up; improving one’s appearance; adopting a better attitude; working harder. 10. putting on weight, gaining weight, toplanmak 1. to be gathered, be collected. 2. math, to be added, be added up, be totaled.
   3. to be amassed, be accumulated. 4. to be picked, be harvested. 5. to be straightened up, be tidied up, be picked up. 6. to be convened, be convoked. 7. (for the table) to be cleared (after a meal). 8. to gather, assemble.
   9. to shape up; to improve one’s appearance; to adopt a better attitude; to work harder. 10. to put on weight, gain weight.
toplantı meeting, gathering. — salonu meeting room; assembly hall, toplardamar (./..) anat. vein. — genişlemesi path, varix. — yangısı path, phlebitis, toplaşma 1. gathering together, massing. 2. (of an animal) rolling itself up into a ball, toplaşmak 1. to gather together, mass. 2. (for an animal) to roll itself up into a ball, toplatılma 1. being gathered, being collected.
   2. being confiscated, being seized.
                                                                                toplumlaştırma
toplatılmak 1. to be gathered, be collected. 2.
   (for s.t.) to be confiscated, be seized, toplatma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) gather/collect (people/things). 2. having (s.o.) confiscate/ seize (s.t.).
toplatmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) gather/collect (people/things). 2. to have (s.o.) confiscate/ seize (s.t.). toplayıcı collector (of a dynamo), toplu 1. (s.t.) which has a knob or a knoblike protrusion on it. 2. collected, gathered; assembled: Sait Faik’in toplu eserleri the collected works of Sait Faik. 3. neat, tidy (place). 4. full, well filled out, plump. 5. comprehensive, all-inclusive. 6. collective, involving a group. 7. cumulative. 8. colloq. pin (used primarily in sewing). — görüşme see toplugörüşme. — iş sözleşmesi collective agreement (reached through collective bargaining). — konut housing development (consisting of apartment blocks), Brit, housing estate. — mezar mass grave. — sigorta group insurance. — sözleşme see toplusözleşme. — tabanca six-shooter, six-gun, six -chambered revolver. — taşıma see toplu-taşıma.
topluca 1. (./.) as a group. 2. fullish, plumpish. toplugörüşme (./...) 1. collective bargaining. 2.
   panel discussion, topluiğne (./..) pin (used primarily in sewing), toplukıyım (./..) massacre, topluluk 1. group. 2. community. — adı gram.
   collective noun, toplum society, social group, community. — bilgileri social studies. — bilimleri the social sciences. — felsefesi social philosophy.
   —      kalkınması community development. — sözleşmesi social contract, toplumbilim (./..) sociology, toplumbilimci (./...) sociologist, toplumbilimcilik (./....) sociologism, toplumbilimsel (./...) sociological, toplumcu 1. (a) socialist; (a) collectivist. 2. socialist; collectivist; of or relating to socialism/ collectivism. — gerçekçilik social realism, toplumculuk socialism, toplumdaş fellow member of a society, toplumdışı, -m (./..) 1. extrasocial, not related to society. 2. (s.o.) who is beyond the social pale, who is estranged from society, (s.o.) who is not a part of society, topluıııdışılık (./...) 1. being exti asocial, not being related to society. 2. (a person’s) being beyond the social pale, being estranged from society, not being a part of society, toplumdilbilim (./...) sociolinguistics, toplumlararası, -m (../...) intersocietal. toplumlaşma becoming a society, becoming a social group, toplumlaşmak to become a society, become a social group, toplumlaştırma hi causing (people) to form themselves into a social group.
toplumlaştırmak
toplumlaştırmak /ı/ to cause (people) to form themselves into a social group, toplumsal social, societal, of or relating to society. — bilimler the social sciences. — bilinç social consciousness. — yapı social structure.
toplumsallaşma psych., sociol. becoming socialized.
toplumsallaşmak psych., sociol. to become socialized.
toplumsallaştırma /ı/ psych., sociol. socializing (s.o.).
toplumsallaştırmak hi psych., sociol. to socialize (s.o.). toplumsallık sociality, socialness, toplusözleşme (./...) collective agreement (between labor and management), toplutaşıma (./...) mass transportation, mass transport, topograf topographer, topografi see topografya, topografya (../.) topography, topografyaci (../..) see topograf. topoloji topology, topolojik topological, topologic. toprak 1. earth, soil; dirt. 2. land. 3. elec. ground, Brit, earth. 4. earthen, earthenware, made of clay. 5. unpaved, dirt (road). 6. slang heroin, skag. —ına ağır gelmesin. I don’t like to speak ill of the dead, but ... (said when one is about to say something uncomplimentary about a dead person). — aşınması geol. soil erosion. — atmak to move earth, —a bakmak colloq. to be nearing death, be at death’s door, have one foot in the grave. — ı bol olsun. May he/she rest in peace (said of a non-Muslim). — çekmek to haul earth (from one place to another), —i çekmek /ı, m/ for the earth (of a place not one’s home) to call (one) to it (said of s.o. who has died and been buried in a place he/she was only visiting temporarily). — doyursun gözünü, colloq. Nothing on earth can satisfy you!/Your greed is insatiable! —a düşmek (for a dead person) to be buried, —a girmek to be dead and buried. — ıslahı land reclamation. — işi earthenware. — ı işleyen, ekmeği dişler, proverb He/She who works is he/she who reaps the benefits of the labor. — kayması landslide, slump. T— Mahsulleri Ofisi Agricultural Products Bureau (a government agency). — makinesi earthmover. örtüsü ground cover. — reformu land reform. — rengi 1. earth color.
   2.    earth-colored. — sahibi landowner, —a verilmek (for a dead person) to be buried, —a vermek /ı/ to bury (a dead person). — yol dirt road, toprakalti, -m (./..) 1. subsoil, substratum, underground. 2. underground, situated underground.
toprakbastı formerly a tax on goods/persons entering a town.
                                                                                                          ‘tor
                                                             toprakbilim (./..) soil science, pedology, toprakbilimci (./...) soil scientist, pedologist, toprakboya (..'..) 1. oxide red. 2. earth color, topraklama hi 1. covering/filling with earth. 2. soiling with earth, dirtying. 3. elec. grounding.
                                                            topraklamak hi 1. to cover/fill with earth. 2.
                                                            to soil with earth, dirty. 3. elec. to ground, topraklandırma hi (the state’s) giving land to (a landless farmer), making (a landless farmer) a landowner, topraklandırmak hi (for the state) to give land to (a landless farmer), make (a landless farmer) a landowner, topraklı \. mixed/adulterated/soiled with earth.
    2.    landowning, (s.o.) who owns land, topraksıçanı, -m (./...) zool. field vole, Micro-tus agrestis. topraksız 1. not mixed/adulterated/soiled with earth. 2. landless, topsalata (/...) bot. head lettuce, cabbage lettuce, Lactuca sativa capitata. toptan 1. wholesale (as opposed to retail). 2. all of, each of; the whole of. 3. all in one go, all at once, all at the same time. — öldürme massacre, toptancı 1. wholesaler. 2. wholesale (as opposed to retail).
toptancılık wholesaling, being a wholesaler, topuk 1. heel (of a foot/a shoe/a stocking). 2. geog. bar (at the mouth of a river); sandbar, shoal. — una basmak imi colloq. to be at (s.o.’s) heels, be on (s.o.’s) heels. — çalmak (for a horse) to brush the fetlock of one foot with the shoe of the opposite foot (while walking). — çatlatmak colloq. to go fast/ far. — larma kadar up to the ankles. — kemiği anat., see topukkemiği. topukdemiri, -ni (./...) 1. metal piece put on the heel of a shoe. 2. pintle (of a hinge), topukkemiği, -ni (./...) anat. anklebone, talus, topuklama hi prodding (a mount) with one’s heels, heeling, topuklamak hi to prod (a mount) with one’s heels, heel, topuklu high-heeled (shoe), topuksuz flat-heeled/low-heeled (shoe), topur prov. chestnut burr, prickly outer husk of a chestnut, toput chem. deposit, precipitate, topuz 1. mace (a weapon). 2. doorknob. 3. head (of a walking stick). 4. bun, knot (of hair).
    5. slang penis, *pecker, *cock, *dick. — altında colloq. under duress, by using coercion. — gibi colloq. short and stocky (person).
                                                             topuzlu 1. armed with a mace. 2. furnished with a doorknob. 3. (walking stick) furnished with a head. 4. (person) whose hair is done up in a bun/a knot, topyekûn (.'..) 1. altogether, all told, in all. 2.
    total, all-out. — savaş total war.
                                                            Hor prov. fine-meshed net/netting. — ağ fine
881
 2tor
    -meshed fishing net. —a düşmek to be swindled, be duped, fall into the trap.
2tor prov. 1. green/inexperienced/immature (youth). 2. wild, unbroken (horse).
3tor geom. torus, tore, anchor ring, torak prov. cone-shaped pile of wood plastered over with mud (Such piles are designed to be burned down into charcoal.), toraman 1. colloq. strapping and sturdy young man. 2. colloq. sturdy child. 3. slang penis, *pecker, *cock, *dick. 4. colloq. strapping and sturdy (young man). 5. colloq. sturdy (child).
torba 1. bag, sack. 2. anat. scrotum. 3. path. cyst. — çay tea bag. —da keklik colloq., see çantada keklik, —ya koymak 111 colloq. to get, acquire. — yoğurdu yogurt which has been thickened by being strained through a cloth bag. torbalama 111 bagging, putting (s.t.) in a bag. torbalamak hi to bag, put (s.t.) in a bag. torbalanma 1. being bagged, being put in a bag.
    2.    bagging (of a piece of clothing), hanging loosely like a bag. 3. sagging (of one’s chin/ cheeks), getting baggy, torbalanmak 1. to be bagged, be put in a bag.
    2. (for a piece of clothing) to bag, hang loosely like a bag. 3. (for one’s chin/cheeks) to sag, get baggy.
torbalaşım path, aneurysm, torbalı (s.o./s.t.) which has a bag. — iğdokuca path, cystic fibrosis, toreador toreador, torero (./.) torero.
torik 1. zool. large bonito, Pelamys sarda. 2. slang acumen, gray matter, brains, smarts.
    3. slang penis, *pecker, *cock, *dick. — akını good run of large bonitos. —ini çalıştırmak/işletmek slang to use one’s head.
torlak 1. prov. unbroken (colt). 2. prov. green/ inexperienced/immature (youth). 3. obs. person who has just become a Bektashi dervish, torluk prov. 1. greenness, lack of experience/ maturity. 2. wildness (of an unbroken horse), torna (.'.) lathe. — etmek /ı/ to turn (on a lathe), lathe, tornacı (/..) lathe operator, latheman. tornado (./.) tornado.
tornahit naut. 1. Turn ahead !/Ahead! (command signaling that the ship s screw is to turn forward). 2. forward rotation (of a ship’s screw).
    —     etmek (for a ship) to move forward, tornalama /ı/ turning (on a lathe), lathing, tornalamak /ı/ to turn (on a lathe), lathe, tornalanma being turned (on a lathe), being lathed.
tornalanmak to be turned (on a lathe), be lathed.
tornalı (/..) 1. turned (on a lathe), lathed. 2. made of parts that have been turned (on a lathe).
tornavida (../.) screwdriver (a tool), tornistan (/..) 1. naut. Reverse (the propeller)!/
 882                                         toslamak
   Astern! 2. naut. backward rotation (of a ship’s screw). 3. slang going backwards. 4. /dan/ slang giving up (a plan), withdrawing (from), changing one’s mind (about); breaking (a promise). 5. slang turning (a garment), making (a garment) over by reversing it and resewing it. — etmek slang 1. to go backwards, move backwards. 2. /dan/ to give up (a plan), withdraw (from), change one’s mind (about); to break (a promise). 3. /i/ to turn (a garment), make (a garment) over by reversing it and resewing it.
Toros (/.) used in: — Dağları the Taurus Mountains (in southern Turkey), torpido (./.) torpedo boat. — gözü auto, glove compartment. — muhribi torpedo-boat destroyer, torpidobot, -tu (./..) torpedo boat, torpil 1. torpedo. 2. slang pull, influence. 3. slang influential person, powerful person, big gun. 4. slang whopper, big lie. — geçmek /a/ slang to favor (s.o.). — patlatmak slang
   1. to get what one wants by pulling strings.
   2.    to tell a whopper/a big lie. torpilbalığı, -m (./...) zool. electric ray, torpedo
   fish, torpedo, Torpedo. torpilleme 1. /ı/ torpedoing. 2. school slang failing a grade, flunking a grade, torpillemek 1. /ı/ to torpedo. 2. school slang to fail a grade, flunk a grade, torpillenme being torpedoed, torpillenmek to be torpedoed, torsiyon torsion. — çubuğu torsion bar (of an automobile), tortop, -pu (/.) colloq. as round as a top, as round as a ball, tortu 1. sediment, deposit; precipitate. 2. colloq.
   the dregs (of a social group), tortubilim (./..) see tortulbilim. tortul sedimentary, tortulaşma see tortullaşma, tortulbilim (./..) sedimentology. tortullaşma sedimentation, tortulu (s.t.) which has sediment in it; turbid, tortusuz free of sediment, clear, torum prov., see dorum, torun grandchild, —lar descendants. — torba/ tosun sahibi olmak colloq. to have children and grandchildren, toryum (/.) chem. thorium, tos butt (with the head/the horns). — vurmak /a/ to butt, tosbağa zool. turtle; tortoise, toslama 1. hi butting. 2. /a/ (of the front end of a vehicle) bumping lightly against (s.t.).
   3. hi slang paying out, forking over (money).
   4. /dan/ slang failing, flunking (an examination/a grade).
                                                       toslamak 1. Ill to butt. 2. /a/ (for the front end of a vehicle) to bump lightly against (s.t.).
   3. Ill slang to pay out, fork over (money). 4. /dan/ slang to fail, flunk (an examination/a grade).
toslaşma
 883
 töre
toslaşma butting each other, toslaşmak to butt each other, tost, -tu toasted sandwich. — ekmeği a kind of bread especially suitable for making toasted sandwiches, tostçu maker/seller of toasted sandwiches, tostoparlak (.'...) colloq. as round as a ball, tosun 1. prov. young bull, bullock. 2. colloq. healthy and sturdy lad. — gibi colloq. healthy and sturdy, tosuncuk colloq. big, healthy, newborn baby, totalitarizm pol. totalitarianism, totaliter pol. totalitarian, totalizator pari-mutuel machine, totalizer, totalizator, totem totem, totemcilik totemism. totemizm see totemcilik, toto (/.) see sportoto, totoloji tautology.
Hoy green/inexperienced/immature (owing, to being young).
2toy feast.
3toy zool. bustard, Otis. toyaka (./.) twisting stick, stick used in twisting yarn.
toydan zool. great bustard, Otis tarda. toygar zool. skylark, Alauda arvensis. toygiller zool. Otididae. toyka (/.) see toyaka, toyluk greenness; inexperience; immaturity, toynak hoof, hooved foot (of an animal), toynaklı hoofed, ungulate, toynaklılar zool. Ungulata. toz 1. dust. 2. powder. 3. slang heroin, skag, junk. 4. powdered, (s.t.) which is in powdered form: toz altm gold dust, toz boya powder paint, toz biber ground pepper. — almak to dust, clean the dust off something.
    —unu almak Iml to dust, clean the dust off (s.t.). — bezi dustcloth, dustrag. —dan dumandan ferman okunmamak colloq. for things to be in a state of utter chaos, for chaos to reign. — duman içinde kalmak colloq. to be covered by a thick cloud of dust. —u dumana katmak/karıştırmak colloq. 1. to run, raising a cloud of dust. 2. to kick up a dust, cause a commotion, make an uproar, raise a ruckus. — etmek colloq. 1. hi to crush, annihilate, pulverize, make mincemeat out of (s.o.). 2. to raise dust. — kaldırmak colloq. to raise dust. — kondurmamak /a/ colloq. not to allow anything to be said against, not to have anything said against (s.o./s.t.). — koparmak colloq., see toz kaldırmak. — olmak slang to hurry away, beat it, get lost. — pembe see tozpembe. — sabun see tozsabun. — unu silkmek Iml colloq. to rough (s.o.) up, dust (s.o.’s) jacket. — şeker see tozşeker. — toprak içinde kalmak colloq. to be covered with dust/grime. — u toprağa katmak/karıştırmak colloq., see tozu dumana katmak/
    karıştırmak. — varak gold leaf, —unu yele vermek Iml colloq. to get rid of, do (s.o.) in.
tozağacı, -m (/...) bot. poplar, Populus. tozan 1. speck of dust. 2. dusty place. 3. prov. snowstorm.
tozarma 1. turning into dust/powder. 2. drizzling (of rain), drizzling down; (of snow) sifting in tiny flakes, tozarmak 1. to turn into dust/powder. 2. (for rain) to drizzle, drizzle down; (for snow) to sift in tiny flakes, tozboya (/..) powder paint, tozkoparan colloq. very windy (place), tozlanma getting dusty, tozlanmak to get dusty, tozlaşma 1. turning into dust/powder. 2. drizzling (of rain), drizzling down. 3. bot. pollination.
tozlaşmak 1. to turn into dust/powder. -2. (for rain) to drizzle, drizzle down. 3. (for a flower) to become pollinated, tozlu dusty.
tozluk 1. gaiter; spat. 2. dusty place, tozma 1. turning into dust/powder. 2. drizzling (of rain), drizzling down; (of snow) sifting down in tiny flakes, tozmak 1. to turn into dust/powder. 2. (for rain) to drizzle, drizzle down; (for snow) to sift down in tiny flakes, tozpembe (/..) light pink, (ortalığı/dünyayı/ etrafı) — görmek to see (the world around one) through rose-colored glasses, tozsabun (/..) soap powder; washing powder, tozşeker (/..) granulated sugar, tozuma giving off a cloud of dust, tozumak to give off a cloud of dust. x tozuntu 1. dustlike substance. 2. cloud\of dust.
   3.    drizzling rain, tozutma 1. Ill filling (a place) with dust, raising a dust in (a place); III making (s.t.) dusty. 2. slang going nuts, starting to act screwy. 3. slang talking claptrap, talking rot. tozutmak 1. hi to fill (a place) with dust, raise a dust in (a place); hi to make (s.t.) dusty. 2. slang to go nuts, start acting screwy. 3. slang to talk claptrap, talk rot. töbe see tövbe.
 töhmet, -ti crime/offense imputed to someone, imputation. — altında bırakmak hi to implicate, incriminate. — altında kalmak to be implicated, be incriminated. — altında tutmak hi to impute a crime/an offense to (s.o.);
 töhmetli (s.o.) to whom a crime has been imputed.
tökezleme 1. stumbling. 2. theat. fluffing, muffing one’s lines, tökezlemek 1. to stumble. 2. theat. to fluff, muff one’s lines.
                             tömbeki tumbak, tumbaki, tumbek, tumbeki, a tobacco used when smoking a nargileh. töre 1. custom, accepted practice, consuetude,
törebilim
 884
Trakyalı
   consuetudo; customs, mores. 2. ethics, morals; ethical principles. 3. law, jurisprudence, törebilim (./..) ethics (as a study), törebilimci (./...) ethician, ethicist. törebilimsel (./...) ethical, of or relating to ethics as a field of study, töreci ethicist, moralist, törecilik ethicism, moralism. töredışı, -m (./..) 1. amoral, nonmoral. 2. phil.
   immoral, töredışıcı (./...) phil. immoralist. töredışıcılık (./....) phil. immoralism. törel 1. ethical, moral. 2. legal, jurisprudential.
   —      bilinç conscience, törelci see töreci, törelcilik see törecilik, törellik ethicalness, morality, törelsiz unethical, immoral, törelsizci phil. immoralist. törelsizcilik phil. immoralism. törelsizlik unethicalness, immorality, tören ceremony, ritual; rite, törenci 1. (a) ritualist. 2. ritualistic, törencilik ritualism.
törenli ceremonial, marked by ceremony;
   celebrated with a ceremony, törensel ritual, ceremonial, ceremonious, törensiz marked by an absence of ceremony;
   not celebrated with a ceremony, töresel consuetudinary, consuetudinal; customary, töresiz unethical, immoral, töresizlik unethicalness, immorality, töretanımaz phil. immoral. töretanımazlık phil. immoralism. törpü file; rasp; nail file, törpüleme /ı/ filing; rasping; rubbing/smoothing/cutting/sharpening (s.t.) with a file/a rasp, törpülemek hi to file; to rasp; to rub/smooth/ cut/sharpen (s.t.) with a file/a rasp, törpülenme being filed; being rasped, törpülenmek to be filed; to be rasped, törpülü filed; rasped.
tös Back! (said to horses, mules, etc. when making them back up). töskürmek prov. (for a horse, mule, etc.) to back up, move backward, töskürtmek III prov. to back, make (a horse, mule, etc.) back up. töskürü prov. (a mount or draft animal’s moving) backward, backwards, tövbe vowing, not to do something again, forswearing; repenting, repentance. T—! colloq. Never again!/I’11 never do that again! — ayları Islam the months of Jumada I and Jumada II. — yi bozmak colloq. to do something one had vowed never to do again, break a vow not to do something again, backslide.
   —   çekmek colloq. to say tövbe. — estağfurullah! God, forgive me; I’ll never do it again. — etmek to vow not to do something again; /a/ to swear off, forswear (doing s.t.). —ye gelmek to vow not to do something
   again. — istiğfar etmek to repent and ask God for forgiveness, —ler olsun! (Tövbe tövbeî/Tövbeler tövbesi!) Never again !/Not on your life!/You won’t catch me doing that again! — vermek to vow not to do something again.
tövbekâr (..—) (s.o.) who has repented and returned to the straight and narrow; (s.o.) who has sworn off doing something and returned to the straight and narrow. — etmek III to make (s.o.) repent and return to the straight and narrow; to make (s.o.) swear off doing something and return to the straight and narrow.
tövbeli (s.o.) who has sworn off doing something.
töz 1. root; base. 2. phil. substance, tözcü phil. (a) substantialist. tözcülük phil. substantialism. tözel phil. substantial, consisting of or related to substance, tözellik phil. substantiality, substantialness. Trablus (/.) Tripoli (region in Libya). — toprağı geol. tripoli.
Trablusgarp Tripoli, Tarabulus el Gharb (city in Libya).
Trablusşam Tripoli, Tarabulus esh Sham (town in Lebanon), trabzan see tırabzan.
Trabzon (.'.) Trabzon, Trebizond. trabzonhurmasi, -m (/....) bot. Japanese persimmon, kaki, Diospyros kaki. trafik traffic. — adası traffic island. — hacmi traffic flow. — işareti traffic sign; road sign.
   —  kazası traffic accident. — kirliliği traffic pollution. — lambası traffic light, traffic signal. — mühendisi traffic engineer. — mühendisliği traffic engineering. — polisi traffic policeman. — şeridi traffic lane, lane.
   —     tıkanıklığı traffic jam, traffic congestion, trafikçi colloq. traffic policeman.
trafo (/.) elec. transformer, tragedya (./.) see trajedi, trahom path, trachoma, trahoma (./.) see drahoma, trajedi tragedy.
trajedyen tragedian; tragedienne, trajik tragic, trajikomedi tragicomedy, trajikomik tragicomic, tragicomical, trakeliler zool. Tracheata. trakit, -ti geol. trachyte, trakonya (./.) zool., see trakunya, traktör tractor.
traktörcü 1. seller of tractors. 2. repairer of tractors. 3. tractor operator, tractorist. traktörlü mil. tractor-drawn: traktörlü top tractor-drawn artillery piece, trakunya (./.) zool. 1. greater weever, Trachi-nus draco. 2. lesser weever, Trachinus viper a.
Trakya (/.) 1. Thrace. 2. Thracian, of Thrace. Trakyalı (/..) 1. (a) Thracian. 2. Thracian (per-
tramp
 885
trikotajcı
    son).
tramp used in: — gemi naut. tramp ship, tramp steamer, tramp, trampa (/.) barter, bartering. — etmek /i, la/ to barter (one thing) for (another), trampet, -ti mus. snare drum, trampetçi drummer (who plays a snare drum), trampete (./.) mus., see trampet, tramplen 1. diving board; springboard. 2. trampoline, trampolin. tramvay streetcar, Brit, tram, Brit, tramcar;
    trolley car, trolley; horsecar. tramvayci streetcar driver, Brit, tramwayman;
    trolley man; horsecar driver, trança (/.) zool. sea bream, Pagrus ehrenbergi. transandantal transcendental. — meditasyon transcendental meditation, transandantalizm transcendentalism, transatlantik 1. transatlantic, crossing the Atlantic. 2. ocean liner; transatlantic liner, transatlantic, transdüktör elec. transducer, transept, -ti arch, transept (of a church), transfer 1. transfer, transferal, transferring. 2. psych, transference. 3. sports player who has left one professional team and joined another.
    —   etmek /ı/ to transfer. — olmak to be transferred.
transformasyon transformation, transformatör elec. transformer; phasing transformer, phase transformer, transformizm biol. transformism, evolution, transfiizyon med. transfusion (of blood). Transilvanya (../.) 1. Transylvania, Transil-vania. 2. Transylvanian, of Transylvania, transistor 1. elec. transistor. 2. transistor radio, transistor.
transistorlu elec. transistorized, equipped with transistors, transistor: transistorlu radyo transistor radio, transit, -ti transit, passage through one country of people/goods which are bound for another country. — eşya transit goods, goods in transit. — geçmek /dan/ 1. to pass through (a country) en route, go through (a country) in transit. 2. slang to pass through (a place) without stopping. 3. slang (for a driver) to run (a red light); to ignore (a stop sign/a traffic policeman’s signal). — rejimi law system which allows goods in transit immunity from customs duties. — seyahat through trip.
    —   trafik through traffic. — vizesi transit visa. — yolcu in-transit passenger. — yolcu salonu in-trans it passenger lounge. — yolu through highway.
Transkafkasya (../.) 1. Transcaucasia. 2. Transcaucasian, of Transcaucasia.
Transkey Transkei. transkripsiyon transcription, transliterasyon transliteration, transmikser truck mixer, truck equipped with a concrete mixer, transmisyon mech. transmission.
transmitör elec. transmitter; transmitting set;
    transmitting station, transplantasyon 1. med. transplant, transplantation. 2. bot. transplanting (of plants), transport, -tu transport, transportasyon transportation, transpoze transposed, transpozisyon transposition, tranş butchery (a) round (of beef), trapez trapeze, trapezci trapeze artist, traş see tıraş, trata (.'.) a small seine net. travay research paper.
travers 1. rail, crosstie, tie, Brit, sleeper. 2. horizontal beam, sleeper. — e çıkmak naut. to weigh anchor and head out to sea (to avoid being blown to shore), traverten geol. travertine, travertin, travertin geol., see traverten. travma med. trauma, travmatoloji med. traumatology, trayler see treyler, tredünyon hyphen.
trefl tailor, trefoil, trefoil-shaped emblem or piece of stitchery. trema gram, dieresis, diaeresis, trementi see terebentin, tremolit, -ti geol. tremolite, tremolo mus. tremolo.
tren rail, train, railroad train. — istasyonu train station, railway station. — şefi chief conductor (on a train). — tarifesi train timetable, trençkot, -tu trench coat, raincoat (made of waterproof cloth), Brit, mackintosh, mack, mac. trend trend.
treno sled; sleigh, Brit, sledge, trepan med. trephine, trepan, trepanasyon med. trephination, trepanation, treponem zool. treponema, treponeme, Treponema. trete textbook, tretman treatment, tretuar see trotuar, tretuvar see trotuar, trevira trevira (a cloth fabric), treyler trailer (a vehicle), tribün stands (tiered seats), bleachers; grandstand.
trigona (./.) long, triangle-shaped cake containing a creamy filling, trigonometri (.../.) trigonometry, trigonometrik trigonometric, triko (/.) 1. fabric knitted by machine, machine -knit fabric; tricot. 2. garment made of machine-knit fabric, trikosefal, -li zool. whipworm, Trichuris trichi-ura.
trikotaj knitting things by machine. — makinesi knitting machine. — sanayii knitting industry.
trikotajcı maker/seller of knit goods.
trikromi
 886
tuğla
trikromi three-color photography, three-color process.
trikromik phot, three-color, trichromatic, tri-chromic, trichrome, trilyon quintillion, Brit, trillion, trimestr trimester.
tringa (/.) 1. gammoning. 2. slang smart, chic. Trinidad ve Tobago Trinidad and Tobago, trinketa (./.) naut. foresail, trio mus. trio, tripo slang gambling den. tripoli (/..) geol. tripoli, triportör 1. three-wheeler (small, three-wheeled, motorized truck). 2. tricycle (used for carrying goods).
triptik 1. law triptyque, triptique, tryptyque (for an automobile). 2. triptych (painting/carving made on three panels), trişin zool. trichina, Trichinella spiralis. trişinoz path, trichinosis, trişör cardsharp, cardsharper.
Triton (/.) chem., phys. triton.
2triton (/.) mus. tritone, trityum (/.) chem. tritium, triumvir triumvir, triumvira see triumvirlik. triumvirlik triumvirate, triyangülasyon surveying triangulation, triyo mus., see trio.
triyör sorting machine, sorter; separating machine, separator, trofe trophy.
trol, -lü trawl, trawlnet. — avcılığı trawling.
    —le balık avlamak to trawl, troleybüs (./.) trolleybus, trombin biol. thrombin, trombon mus. trombone, tromboncu trombone player, trombonist, trombosit, -ti biol. thrombocyte, blood platelet, tromboz path, thrombosis, trombus path, thrombus, tromp, -pu arch, squinch. trompet, -ti mus. trumpet, trompetçi trumpet player, trumpeter, tropik geog., see tropika. — hastalığı path.
    yellow fever, tropika (./.) geog. 1. (a) tropic. 2. the tropics, tropikal, -li tropical, of the tropics. — kuşak tropical zone, tropizm biol. tropism. troposfer troposphere, trotinet, -ti scooter (child’s vehicle), trotuar sidewalk, Brit, pavement, trotuvar see trotuar, trotvar see trotuar, troyka (/.) troika.
tröst, -tü com. trust (combination of business entities).
TRT (abbr. for Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu) T.R.T. (Turkish Radio and Television Company), truakar tailor., see truvakar. trubadur troubadour, troubador.
trup, -pu theat. troupe.
Truva (/.) Troy. — atı Trojan horse. — savaşı the Trojan War. truvakar tailor. 1. (lady’s) three-quarter coat.
   2. three-quarter: truvakar kol three-quarter sleeve.
trük, -kü artful contrivance, piece of ingenuity, clever trick.
TTK (abbr. for Türk Tarih Kurumu) T.H.S.
   (Turkish Historical Society), tu (—) colloq., see tuh. tual, -li see tuval.
Tuba (-------) Islam the Tuba (name of a tree in
   Paradise), tuba (/.) tuba (a musical instrument). T\ıbaağacı, -ni (— —...) Islam, see T\iba. tubaci tuba player.
tufa slang profit gained by skulduggery, gravy, tufaci slang robber, holdup man, stickup man. tufacilik slang armed robbery, tufalama N slang robbing someone of, making off with.
tufalamak /i/ slang to rob someone of, make off with.
Tufan (—.) the Flood, the Deluge (in the time of Noah).
                                                           tufan (—.) 1. torrential rain, heavy downpour, deluge. 2. flood, deluge, tufeyli (..—) 1. biol. parasite. 2. colloq. hanger -on, sponger. 3. biol. parasitic, parasitical. 4. colloq. parasitic (person), tufeyliyat, -ti (...—) obs. 1. parasitic plants;
   parasitic animals. 2. parasitology, tufeylilik (..— .) 1. biol. parasitism. 2. colloq.
   sponging, freeloading. tufeyliyet, -ti obs., see tufeylilik, tugay mil. brigade.
tuğ Ott. hist. 1. plumed ornament (attached to the turban of a sultan or high official). 2. horsetail (attached to a standard as a sign of rank).
                                                           T\ığa. (abbr. for Hığamiral) mil. R.A. (jg), Rear Adm. (jg) (Junior Rear Admiral); Com., Comm. (Commodore); Brit. R.A., Rear Adm. (Rear Admiral), tuğamiral, -li (/...) mil. junior rear admiral;
   commodore; Brit, rear admiral, tuğamirallik (/....) mil. junior rear admiralship;
   commodoreship; Brit, rear admiralship. tuğbay formerly, mil. brigadier (colonel commanding a brigade), tuğbaylık formerly, mil. brigadiership (held by a colonel commanding a brigade).
I\ığg. (abbr. for I\ığgeneral) mil. 1. B.G., Brig. Gen. (Brigadier General). 2. Brit. Air Com. (Air Commodore), tuğgeneral, -li (/...) mil. 1. brigadier general, brigadier. 2. Brit, air commodore, tuğgenerallik (/....) mil. 1. brigadier generalcy, brigadier generalship, brigadiership. 2. Brit. air commodoreship. tuğla (/.) 1. brick. 2. made of bricks, brick. — harmanı brickyard. — ocağı brickkiln.
tuğlacı
 887
Hınus
tuğlacı (/..) brickmaker; brick seller, tuğlacılık (/...) brickmaking; selling bricks; the brick business, tuğlu Ott. hist, (turban) which has a plumed ornament attached to it. — vezir kesilmek to start acting high-and-mighty. tuğra 1. Ott. hist, tughra, toughra, tugra, sultan’s signature (elaborately inscribed on official documents, coins, etc.). 2. heads (of a coin).
    —  çekmek /a/ to inscribe the sultan’s signature (on).
tuğrakeş Ott. hist, calligrapher who inscribed the sultan’s signature on official documents, tuğralı Ott. hist, inscribed with the imperial monogram.
tuğyan obs. welling up, rising up, springing up.
    —      etmek to well up, rise up, spring up. tuh colloq. 1. Who’d have ever thought it? (said
    in anger) *2. Darn!/Durn!/Damn! T— sana! Shame on you!/You ought to be ashamed of yourself!
tuhaf 1. strange, curious, odd, queer. 2. funny, amusing; ridiculous. T —! colloq. How strange !/How curious!/That’s odd! — ma gitmek tm! to seem strange/odd to (s.o.). bir
    —  olmak to feel odd/strange, for a strange feeling to come over one.
tuhafiye (.—..) sundries, notions, tuhafiyeci (.— ...) seller of sundries/notions, tuhafiyecilik (.— ....) the business of selling sundries/notions, tuhaflaşma getting odd, becoming queer, tuhaflaşmak to get odd, become queer, tuhaflık 1. strangeness, curiousness, oddness, queerness. 2. funniness; ridiculousness. 3. strange/odd action. 4. funny/ridiculous action.
    —  etmek to say or do funny/ridiculous things. Bir — ım var. I don’t feel well ./A strange feeling’s come over me.
tuhfe obs. 1. present, gift. 2. rare and choice thing.
tukan zool. toucan, Ramphastos. tukangiller zool. Ramphastidae. tul, -lü (—) obs. 1. geog. longitude. 2. length.
    —  dairesi geog. meridian.
tulani (----------) obs. longitudinal, lengthwise.
tulen (—.) obs. 1. lengthwise, longitudinally. 2. /da/ geog. at a longitude of (a certain number of degrees).
tulu, -uu (.—) obs. 1. astr. rising (of the sun, the moon, etc.). 2. (a thought’s) occurring (to one), coming into (one’s mind). — etmek
    1. astr. (for the sun, the moon, etc.) to rise.
    2. /a/ (for a thought) to come to (one’s mind).
    —  ve gurup astr. rising and setting (of the sun, the moon, etc.).
tuluat, -ti (.—.) 1. a kind of improvisatorial theater. 2. play in which the performers improvise their lines. 3. improvisations, ad libs.
    —  oyunu play in which the performers improvise their lines. — tiyatrosu a kind of improvisatorial theater. — yapmak to improvise, ad-lib.
                                                         tuluatçı (.— ..) person who acts in a tuluat oyunu, tuluk prov., see tulum, tulum 1. animal skin (used as a casing/a receptacle). 2. overalls; jump suit. 3. tube (for toothpaste, medicine, etc.). 4. mus. bagpipe.
   —      çıkarmak 1. to skin an animal. 2. colloq. (for one party/group) to win all the seats in an election. — çıkmak colloq. to achieve exactly what one had set out to achieve. — gibi colloq. 1. swollen all over. 2. as fat as a pig. — peyniri see tulumpeyniri. tulumba (./.) pump; water pump. — tatlısı a syrup-soaked pastry, tulumbacı (./..) 1. maker/seller of pumps. 2. formerly member of a fire brigade. 3. colloq. roughneck, hell-raiser. 4. colloq. rowdy, hell -raising.
tulumbacılık (./...) 1. being a maker/a seller of pumps. 2. formerly fire fighting. 3. colloq. roughneck behavior, hell raising, tulumcu mus. bagpiper, tulumlular zool. Ascidiacea. tulumpeyniri, -ni (./...) cheese encased in a skin.
tulyum (/.) chem. thulium, tumağan prov., zool., see karabatak, tumağı prov. cold, head cold, tuman prov. long underpants, long underwear, drawers, long johns. tumba (/.) child’s language tumbling into bed, hitting the sack. — etmek /ı/ 1. naut. to upend (a boat) (preparatory to repairing it). 2. mining to empty (a vehicle) of its contents by upending it. tumbadız prov. short and fat (person), tumşuk hooked bill, hooked beak (of a bird), tumturak lit. fustian, bombast, tumturaklı pretentious and inflated (words/ writing/speech), tun used in: —dan tuna atmak III to send (s.o.) from one remote place to another, send (s.o.) from one godforsaken place to another. Tuna (/.) the Danube.
tunç 1. bronze. 2. made of bronze, bronze. — bilekli colloq. (s.o.) whose arms are as strong as iron; very strong (person), tunçlaşma bronzing, taking on the color of bronze.
tunçlaşmak to bronze, take on the color of bronze, tundra (/.) geog. tundra, tundura (/..) geog., see tundra, tungsten chem. tungsten.
Tunguz Tungus, Tunguz.
Tunguzca (./.) 1. Tungus, Tunguse, Tungusic, the Tungus language. 2. Tungus, Tungusic, in Tungus, in the Tungus language. Tunguzlar the Tungus people, the Tungus, the Tunguz.
Tunus (/.) 1. Tunisia. 2. Tunis, 3. Tunisia, Tunisian, of Tunisia. 4. Tunis, Tunisian, of Tunis.
Tunuslu
 888
tuşlamak
Tunuslu (/..) 1. (a) Tunisian. 2. Tunisian (person).
tur 1. tour. 2. round (of voting), ballot. 3. round (in a contest). — atlamak not to participate in a round of a contest (owing to one’s not having been selected for that round in a draw). — atmak /da/ to take a stroll around, have a walk round (a place). — bindirmek /a/ to be a lap ahead of (s.o.) (in a track event).
tura 1. heads (of a coin). 2. prov. skein, coil. 3. prov. knotted handkerchief used in a game.
    4.    prov. a game involving the use of a knotted handkerchief, turaç zool. francolin, Francolinus. turalama lıl prov. 1. skeining, winding into a skein/a coil. 2. hitting (so.) with a knotted handkerchief (while playing the game called tura).
turalamak lıl prov. 1. to skein, wind into a skein/a coil. 2. to hit (s.o.) with a knotted handkerchief (while playing the game called tura).
Turan (—.) Turan.
Turancı (—..) Pan-Turanist, Pan-Turkist. Turancılık (—...) Pan-Turanism, Pan-Turanian-ism, Pan-Turkism.
Turani (— — —) see T\ıranlı.
Turanlı (—..) 1. (a) Turanian. 2. Turanian (person), turba peat, turf, turbalık peat bog; fen.
turfa 1. colloq. worthless. 2. Judaism something that is not kosher. 3. obs. new and rare thirtg.
    4.    obs. strange thing, turfalama /ı/ colloq. regarding (s.o./s/t.) as worthless.
turfalamak /i/ colloq. to regard (s.o/s.t.) as worthless.
                                                               turfanda 1. very early (vegetables/fruit). 2. out -of-season. 3. avant-garde, of the avant-garde, turfandacı 1. raiser/seller of very early produce.
    2. colloq. person who loves to eat very early produce.
turfandalık place where very early produce is raised, turgay zool., see toygar, turgor biol. turgor, turing, -gi touring.
turist, -ti 1. (a) tourist. 2. slang overnight guest, turistik touristic, touristical. turizm tourism.
turkuaz 1. turquoise, turquoise blue, the color turquoise. 2. turquoise-colored, turquoise, turna (/.) zool. crane, Grus. — gözü (gibi) colloq. very clear yellow, —yı gözünden vurmak colloq. to manage to acquire something very valuable; to do a good stroke of business. — katarı line of people; flock of people. — kin reddish gray. — olmak slang to lose (while playing a card game), turnaayağı, -m (/....) bot. ranunculus, crowfoot, Ranunculus.
turnabalığı, -ni (/....) zool. pike, Esox lucius. turnagagası, -ni (/....) bot. cranesbill, Geranium.
turnageçidi, -ni (/....) a storm occurring on September thirtieth, turnageçimi, -ni (/....) see turnageçidi, turnagiller zool. Gruidae. turne theat. tour, —ye çıkmak (for a theatrical company) to go on tour, turnike (./.) 1. turnstile, tourniquet. 2. med. tourniquet.
turno (/.) naut. pulley (containing only one sheave).
turnusol, -lü 1. litmus, turnsole. 2. turnsole (a purple dye obtained from Chrozophora tinc-toria). — kâğıdı litmus paper, turnuva 1. sports tourney, tournament. 2. hist.
                                         tournament; joust, turnür bustle, tournure.
*turp, -pu bot. radish, Raphanus sativus. — gibi colloq. sturdy, robust, healthy and strong, hale and hearty. — un sıkından seyreği iyidir. proverb Don’t visit a friend too often, or you’ll make a bore of yourself.
2turp see turba, turpgiller bot. Cruciferae. turşu 1. pickle: biber turşusu pickled peppers.
   2.    slang very drunk, pickled, blotto, out of it, soused. —su çıkmak colloq. 1. to get tired; to be pooped. 2. (for fruit, etc.) to be crushed to a pulp. — gibi colloq. very tired, exhausted, pooped. — kurmak to make pickles, —sunu kurmak /m/ to put (s.o./s.t.) in a safety deposit box (said sarcastically to s.o. who is jealously guarding s.o./s.t.). — olmak colloq. 1. (for a food) to go sour. 2. to be exhausted, be pooped. — suratlı/yüzlü colloq. sour-faced, turşucu maker/seller of pickles, pickleman. turşuculuk making/selling pickles j the pickle business.
turşulaşma (of fruit, etc.) getting crushed to a pulp.
turşulaşmak (for fruit, etc.) to get crushed to a pulp.
turşuluk suitable for pickling, pickling, turta (/.) pie (a pastry), turuncu 1. orange, orange-colored. 2. orange, the color orange, turunculaşma turning orange, turunculaşmak to turn orange, turunç bot. sour orange, bitter orange, Seville orange, Citrus aurantium. turunçgiller bot. Rutaceae. tuş 1. key (of a piano, typewriter, etc.). 2. wrestling fall. 3. fencing touch, touche. 4. touch (in painting a picture), —a gelmek (for a wrestler) to be thrown, —a getirmek hi wrestling to throw (one’s opponent), tuşe 1. mus. touch, manner of striking (the keys of an instrument). 2. med. palpation, touch, examining an area with the fingers, tuşlamak hi 1. to keyboard, key. 2. wrestling
 tutacak                                               889
    to throw (one’s opponent), tutacak potholder.
tutaç 1. potholder. 2. tongs, pair of tongs, tutak 1. handle. 2. potholder. 3. hostage, tutam 1. pinch, small amount. 2. small handful.
    —      tutam 1. in pinches. 2. in small handfuls, tutamaç handle.
tutamak 1. handle. 2. proof, evidence, tutamlama hi 1. taking a pinch or small handful
-   of (s.t.). 2. measuring (s.t.) out in pinches or small handfuls, tutamlamak 111 1. to take a pinch or small handful of (s.t.). 2. to measure (s.t.) out in pinches or small handfuls, tutanak 1. minutes, record (of a meeting); court record. 2. official report (signed and submitted by a committee/a group). 3. statement signed by several persons, round robin, tutanakçı keeper of the minutes (of a meeting), recorder, reporter; court recorder, tutar total, sum; number, tutarak prov. 1. fit, seizure, spell. 2. epilepsy.
    —  önleyici anticonvulsant. — ı tutmak 1. to have a seizure. 2. to have a fit of obstinacy.
tutarakli prov. epileptic, tutar ga prov., see tutarak, tutarık prov., see tutarak, tutarıklı prov., see tutarakli. tutarlı consistent; coherent, tutarlik see tutarlılık, tutarlılık consistency; coherence, tutarsız inconsistent, incongruous; incoherent, disjointed.
tutarsızlık inconsistency, incongruity; incoherence, disjointedness.
tuti (------) obs. parrot.
tutkal glue; size. — gibi colloq. unpleasant and pertinacious (person), tutkallama hi gluing; sizing, tutkallamak hi to glue; to size, tutkallı glued; sized, tutku passion.
tutkulu passionate, filled with passion, tutkun 1. /a/ passionately in love with. 2. impassioned lover of, impassioned admirer of: sanat tutkunu passionate lover of art. tutkunluk impassioned love/admiration; fascination, tutkusal passionate.
tutma 1. h! holding; taking hold of; gripping; grabbing. 2. hi holding back; restraining. 3. hi hunting. 4. hi nabbing; arresting (s.o.). 5.
    Ill mil. capturing, occupying (a position). 6.
    Ill reaching, coming to, arriving at (a place); making it to (a place). 7. hi detaining (s.o.); holding (s.o.) up. 8. hi looking after, watching over (s.o.). 9. /i, da/ keeping (s.o./s.t.) in (a place); maintaining (s.t.) (at a certain level). 10. Ill reserving (a place). 11. Ill sticking (of snow) to; forming (of ice) in. 12. Ill backing, supporting. 13. hi approving of, liking. 14. (s.t.’s) being accepted, winning general approval. 15. hi keeping (one’s promise/
                                                                                               tutmak
    word). 16. hi (one thing’s) according with, being consistent with, jibing with, agreeing with (another). 17. Ill renting, Brit, hiring. 18. hi hiring, taking on, employing. 19. Ill taking up, embarking on (a job). 20. hi having (a steady job). 21. (of s.o.’s curse) being realized, coming true, coming to pass. 22. /i, a/ holding (s.t.) over, close to, near, or up to. 23. Ill (of milk) forming (cream). 24. hi passing (of an amount of time) (while going from one place to another). 25. Jı, a I serving, offering (a guest) (s.t. to eat/drink). 26. taking (of a graft or vaccination). 27. sticking, adhering (of paint, etc.). 28. (of a nail, etc.) being lodged firmly in place. 29. prov. day laborer. — havzası retention basin.
   —  hücresi catch basin.
tutmaç prov. a food made by cutting pastry dough into squares and cooking it with meat and yogurt.
tutmak 1. Ill to hold; to take hold of; to grip; to grab. 2. Ill to hold back; to restrain. 3. Ill to hunt: kuş tutmak to hunt birds. 4. hi to nab; to arrest (s.o.). 5. Ill mil. to capture, occupy (a position). 6. hi to grasp, understand (that s.t. is happening). 7. Ill to reach, come to, arrive at (a place); to make it to (a place). 8. Ill to detain (s.o.); to hold (s.o.) up. 9. Ill to look after, watch over (s.o.). 10. /i, da/ to keep (s.o./s.t.) in (a place); to maintain (s.t.) (at a certain level). 11. Ill (for s.t.) to take up (so much space). 12. Ill (for writing) to cover (a place). 13. Ill (for fog, etc.) to cover, envelop (a place). 14. Ill (for a sound) to fill (a place). 15. Ill to reserve (a place). 16. hi (for snow) to stick to; (for ice) to form in: Sokaklar buz tuttu. The streets have gotten icy. 11. Ill (for cloth) to show (a stain, dust, etc.). 18. Ill to patrol; to mount guard over or guard (a place); to man. 19. Ill to back, support. 20. Ill to approve of, like. 21. (for s.t.) to be accepted, win general approval. 22. Ill to keep (one’s promise/ word). 23. Ill (for one thing) to accord with, be consistent with, jibe with, agree with (another). 24. hf to rent, Brit. hire. 25. hi to hire, take on, employ. 26. fif to take up, embark on (a job). 27. hf to have (a steady job). 28. hf (for a man) to be married to. 29. hf (for s.t.) to make (s.o.) feel sick at his/her stomach; to give (s.o.) a headache. 30. (for s.o.’s curse) to be realized, come true, come to pass. 31. hi to be seized with (the hiccups, fit of coughing, etc.): O sırada onu öyle bir gülme krizi tuttu ki odadan çıkmak zorunda kaldı. At that point she got the giggles so bad that she had to leave the room. 32. (for a pain, cough, etc.) to begin again; (for a condition) to crop up again: Of, gene sancım tuttu. Ouf! My pain’s started up again. İnci’nin inatçılığı tuttu. İnçi’s stubborn streak is showing again. Banu’nun babaları tutmuş galiba. Banu appears to be having a
tutmak
890
tutuklanmak
nervous seizure. 33. (for s.o.) to get (malaria): Sıdıka’yı sıtma tutmuş. I hear Sidi-ka’s got malaria. 34. hi to do (s.t.) (in a certain way): Bu işi hızlı tutalım. Let’s get this job done quickly./Let’s do this job quickly. 35. hi to make (s.t.) (in a certain way): Bu binayı mümkün olduğu kadar geniş tutmak istiyoruz. We want to make this building as wide as possible. 36. hi (for s.t.) to total, come to a total of, come to, amount to, add up to. 37. hi (for a place) to be open to, be exposed to, be unprotected from (the wind). 38. hi to keep (s.t.) (in a certain state): Odanı temiz tut! Keep your room clean! Başını dik tut! Hold your head up straight! 39. /i, a/ to throw (s.t.) at; to fire (s.t.) at; to shower (s.t.) upon: Şehri topa tuttular. They mounted an artillery assault on the city. Gelini hediye yağmuruna tuttular. They showered the bride with gifts. 40. h, a/ to add (a sum) to (an amount owed). 41. /i, a/ to hold (s.t.) over, close to, near, or up to: O diayı ışığa tut. Hold that slide to the light. 42. hi to gain (weight), put on (weight): Bu et tutmamış davarı satalım. Let’s sell these skinny cows. 43. hi to use (a razor); to wear (a yashmak). 44. hi (for milk) to form (cream): Süt kaymak tuttu. The milk’s creamed. 45. hi (for an amount of time) to pass (while going from one place to another): İzmir’le Bodrum arası altı saat tutar. It takes six hours to drive from İzmir to Bod-rum. 46. to take it into one’s head to, decide suddenly to, up and (do s.t.): Şimdi de Bur-sa’ya gideceği tuttu. Now he’s taken it into his head to go to Bursa. Sonunda tuttu bütün malını mülkünü Mürsel’in üstüne yaptı. In the end he upped and made everything he owned over to Mürsel. Arada sırada tutar bizi balık yemeye götürür. Every once İn a while he’ll up and take us out to eat fish. 47. /i, a/ to serve, offer (a guest) (s.t. to eat/drink): Sumru, kuzum, misafirimize şeker tut! Sumru, honey, offer our guest some candy! 48. (for a graft/vaccination) to take. 49. (for paint, etc.) to stick, adhere: Bu tahta boya tutmaz. Paint won’t stick to this board. 50. (for a nail, etc.) to be lodged firmly in place. 51. (for a limb of one’s body) to be in good shape, be functioning well. 52. hi (for a ship/a train/a bus) to stop at (a place). 53. to assume (for the sake of argument) that ..., imagine that ..., suppose that ...: Tutalım ki Tufan beraat etti, o durumda ne yapacağız? Let’s say Tufan’s acquitted; in that case what are we going to do? 54, hi to enter, turn into: Şu sağdaki yolu tut ve doğru git. Turn into that road on the right and then go straight ahead. 55. /dan/ from; starting with: Ak sakallısından tut süt kuzusuna kadar herkes oradaydı. Everybody was there, from the old graybeards down to the babes-in-arms, tuttuğu dal elin-
   de kalmak colloq. (for s.o ./s.t. one had hopes in) to turn out to be a dud, prove a disappointment. Tut kelin perçeminden! colloq. Where on earth do you begin to solve an impossible situation like this? tuttuğunu koparmak colloq. to know how to get what one wants, tutunacak dalı olmamak /m/ colloq. to have no one or nothing that one can rely on. tutar yeri kalmamak Iml colloq. 1. (for s.t.) to be ready for the scrap heap, be completely worn out. 2. (for s.t.) to be completely untenable, be completely indefensible, tutmazlik med. incontinence, tutsak prisoner of war, captive, tutsaklık captivity, tutturaç holder, support, tutturma 1. /ı, a/ having (s.o.) hold (s.t.). 2. /i, a/ letting (s.o.) hold (s.t.). 3. /i, la/ fastening/ tacking/nailing (s.t.) together with; sewing (s.t.) together with; gluing (s.t.) together. 4. Ill maintaining, keeping (s.t.) going, carrying on. 5. hi maintaining (s.t.) obstinately, asserting (s.t.) obstinately. 6. hi getting (s.t.) into one’s head and going on about it insistently. 7. hi getting started (doing s.t.). 8. hi hitting (a target/a mark); succeeding in getting (a certain grade/score), tutturmak 1. /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) hold (s.t.). 2. /i, a/ to let (s.o.) hold (s.t.). 3. Yi, la/ to fasten/tack/nail (s.t.) together with; to sew (s.t.) together with; to glue (s.t.) together. 4. hi to maintain, keep (s.t.) going, carry on. 5. hi to maintain (s.t.) obstinately, assert (s.t.) obstinately. 6. /i/ to get (s.t.) into one’s head and go on about it insistently. 7. h! to get started (doing s.t.). 8. hi to hit (a target/a mark); to succeed in getting (a certain grade/ score), tutturabildiğine colloq. (selling s.t.) for as much as one can get, for whatever the market will stand, tutturmalık fastener (e.g. a snap or a hook and eye on a garment), tutu security, collateral; pawn. — ya koymak hi to give (s.t.) as security/collateral; to pawn; to mortgage, tutucu 1. conservative. 2. (a) conservative, tutuculuk conservatism, tutuk 1. (s.o.) who speaks in a hesitant, disjointed way. 2. shy, retiring, reserved. 3. serious-minded, slow-moving, and silent. 4. short, abbreviated. 5. muffled (sound). 6. stopped-up, blocked. 7. stiff. 8. paralyzed. 9. (s.o.) who is under arrest. 10. person who is under arrest, tutukevi, -ni (..'..) jail.
tutuklama hi law arresting (s.o.), putting (s.o.)
   under arrest, tutuklamak hi law to arrest (s.o.), put (s.o.)
   under arrest, tutuklanma law being arrested, being under arrest.
tutuklanmak law to be arrested, be under arrest.
tutuklu
 891
tuzlamak
tutuklu 1. person who is under arrest. 2. (s.o.)
    who is under arrest, tutukluk 1. speaking in a hesitant, disjointed way. 2. shyness, retiringness, reservedness.
    3. being serious-minded, slow-moving, and silent. 4. shortness. 5. muffled nature. 6. blockage. 7. (bodily) stiffness. 8. paralysis. 9. being under arrest. 10. (an internal combustion engine’s) continually dying or cutting out.
tutukluluk being under arrest, arrest, tutulan popular.
tutulma 1-. being held/caught. 2. (s.t.’s) catching on, becoming popular. 3. astr. eclipse. 4. (of a part of one’s body) getting stiff. 5. (of a part of one’s body) becoming paralyzed. 6. freezing up, becoming tongue-tied. 7. /a/ falling in love with. 8. /a/ getting caught in (a storm).
tutulmak 1. to be held/caught. 2. (for s.t.) to catch on, become popular. 3. astr. (for a celestial body) to be obscured from view (owing to an eclipse). 4. (for a part of one’s body) to get stiff: Boynum tutuldu. I’ve got a crick in my neck. 5. (for a part of one’s body) to become paralyzed. 6. to freeze up, become tongue-tied. 7. /a/ to fall in love with. 8. /a/ to get caught in (a storm). 9. /a/ colloq. to get mad/angry at. Tutulmayan hırsız beyden büyüktür. (Tutulmayan uğru beyden doğru.) proverb A thief who hasn’t been found out may pretend with impunity that he is the most honest man alive, tutulum astr. 1, eclipse. 2. (an) ecliptic. — çemberi (an) ecliptic, tutum 1. manner of conduct, way of behaving.
    2.    psych, attitude. 3. thrift, economy, tutumbilim (./..) economics, science of economics, tutumlu thrifty, economical, tutumluluk thriftiness, tutumsal economic, pertaining to economics, tutumsuz not thrifty, thriftless; spendthrift, wasteful, improvident, tutumsuzluk lack of thrift, thriftlessness; improvidence.
tutunma 1. /a/ grabbing hold of. 2. /a/ holding on to, hanging on to; clinging to. 3. /da/ getting firmly established in (a place). 4. /da/ keeping o.s. at (a certain level). 5.1a/ colloq. lighting into, berating. 6. /it wearing (a yashmak). 7. h! using (a straight razor). 8. hi applying (leeches) to o.s. tutunmak 1. lal to grab hold of. 2. /a/ to hold on to, hang on to; to cling to. 3. /da/ to get firmly established in (a place). 4. /da/ to keep
    o.s. at (a certain level). 5. /a/ colloq. to light into, berate. 6. hi to wear (a yashmak). 7. h! to use (a straight razor). 8. hi to apply (leeches) to o.s. tuturuk prov. 1. kindling; tinder. 2. very sour, tutuşabilir inflammable, flammable; combustible.
                                                        tutuşkan see tutuşabilir, tutuşma catching fire, ignition, kindling. — noktası chem. kindling point, ignition point, tutuşmak 1. to catch fire, begin to burn, ignite, kindle. 2.* to hold (hands). 3. /a/ to begin to (do s.t.).
tutuşturma 1. hi setting (s.t.) on fire, igniting, kindling. 2. h9 al suddenly thrusting (s.t.) into (s.o.’s hands). 3. /i, a/ causing (people) to start (fighting/wrestling). 4. hi fastening (things) together, tutuşturmak 1. hi to set (s.t.) on fire, ignite, kindle. 2. /i, a/ suddenly to thrust (s.t.) into (s.o.’s hands). 3. /i, a/ to cause (people) to start (fighting/wrestling). 4. hi to fasten (things) together, tutya (/.) obs. 1. zinc. 2. kohl, tuval, -li canvas (for an oil painting), tuvalet, -ti 1. toilet, water closet, lavatory (a device). 2. toilet, toilet room, lavatory (a place). 3. washing, grooming, and arranging
   o.s.; toilet. 4. evening gown/dress. 5. toilette, dress, outfit. 6. dressing table, toilet table, vanity. — ispirtosu rubbing alcohol. — kâğıdı toilet paper. — masası dressing table, toilet table, vanity. — takımı dresser set, toilet set.
 Tuvalu Tuvalu.
 tuz 1. salt, table salt. 2. chem. salt. 3. salts: İngiliz tuzu Epsom salts. —u biberi Iml colloq. someone/something that makes (s.t.) interesting, someone/something that adds spice/ color to (s.t.): önlar toplantılarımızın tuzu biberi. They’re the people who add spice to our meetings. — biber ekmek lal colloq. to make (a bad situation) worse; to rub salt in the wound. — u biberi yerinde colloq. (food) which needs nothing added to it to improve its taste. — buz olmak colloq. to be smashed to smithereens. — ekmek lal to salt, add salt to. — ekmek hakkı colloq. the appreciation you owe someone who has helped you. — ekmek hakkını bilmeyen kör olur, proverb God punishes the ungrateful, —unu giderme desalination, —unu gidermek Iml to desalinate, desalt. — kubbesi salt dome. — u kuru colloq. 1. (s.o.) who has nothing to worry about financially. 2. (s.o.) who has nothing to worry about, tuzak trap; snare, —a düşmek to fall into a trap. — kurmak lal to set/lay a trap (for), tuzcu seller of salt, tuzcul bot. halophilic, halophilous. tuzla (/.) saltpan (depression where salt water is evaporated), tuzlak 1. saline soil. 2. flat area beside a saltpan where salt is stored in heaps. 3. saline (soil), tuzlama 1. hJ salting; brining, pickling (s.t.) in brine. 2. a tripe soup. 3. salted, salt; pickled in brine.
                                                        tuzlamak III to salt; to brine, pickle (s.t.) in brine. T\ızlayayım da kokmayasm/kokma.
                                                           colloq. What you’re saying is nothing but a
tuzlanma
892
tümden
   load of tripeî/That’s just so much bunk! tuzlanma being salted; being brined, being pickled in brine, tuzlanmak to be salted; to be brined, be pickled in brine.
tuzlu 1. salty. 2. very salty. 3. coated/covered with salt crystals. 4. colloq. expensive, pricy, high. — ya malolmak/oturmak/patlamak /a/ colloq. to cost (s.o.) a bundle. — su salt water.
tuzlubalgam (./..) prov., path, eczema; tetter, tuzluk 1. saltshaker; saltcellar. 2. the hollow above the eyes of a horse. 3. anat. the hollow behind the collarbone of a person, tuzluluk salinity.
tuzruhu, -nu (/—.) colloq. hydrochloric acid, tuzsever bot. halophilic, halophilous. tuzsuz 1. saltless; unsalted; (food) which contains little salt. 2. colloq. unamusing, boring, flat.
tü (—) colloq., see tüh. tüberkülin med. tuberculin. — testi tuberculin test, tuberculin reaction, tüberküloz path, tuberculosis.
TÜBİTAK (abbr. for Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Araştırmalar Kurumu) T.S.T.R.I. (Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Institute).
tüccar merchant. — züğürtleyince geçmiş defterleri yoklar, proverb 1. A bankrupt person »always hopes he/she can find some old debts that he’s/she’s forgotten to collect. 2. A person who is down and out likes to console himself/herself by remembering happier times.
tüccarlık trade, commerce (as a profession), tüf geol. tufa.
tüfek rifle, gun. — arpacığı front sight of a gun. — atmak to fire a rifle. — çatmak to stack arms. — dipçiği butt of a rifle. — i duvara dayamakslang to be mentally exhausted, throw in the towel. — kayığı sling of a rifle. — kılıfı case for a rifle. — korkuluğu trigger-guard of a rifle. — kundağı stock of a rifle. — namlusu rifle barrel. — nişangâhı hind sight of a gun. — patla-maksizm colloq. without fighting; without firing a shot, tüfekçi 1. gunsmith. 2. seller of guns, tüfekçilik 1. gunsmithing. 2. gun selling, tüfekhane (..— .) armory, tüfeklik 1. armory; gun-stand. 2. gun case, tüfenk, -gi obs., see tüfek, tüh colloq. l.WTho’d have ever thought it? (said in anger). 2. Dam!/Dum!/Damn! T— sana! Shame on you!/You ought to be ashamed of yourself! tükel chem. perfect, ideal (gas), tükenik 1. used up, exhausted. 2. tired out, exhausted.
tükenme 1. (of a supply of s.t.) being used up, being exhausted, running out, giving out. 2. colloq. becoming exhausted, exhaustion,
   giving out.
tükenmek 1. (for a supply of s.t.) to be used up, be exhausted, run out, give out. 2. colloq. to become exhausted, give out. tükenmez 1. inexhaustible, unending, endless.
   2. a drink made with crushed fruit and water.
   3. ball-point, ball-point pen. — kalem ball -point pen.
tükenmezlik inexhaustibleness, unendingness, endlessness, tüketici econ. consumer, tüketim econ. consumption. — maddeleri consumer goods, consumer items, tüketme /ı/ 1. exhausting; using up, expending;
   spending. 2. econ. consuming, tüketmek III 1. to exhaust; to use up, expend;
   to spend. 2. econ. to consume, tükürme 1. /a/ spitting (on), expectorating (on).
   2. hi spitting, spitting (s.t.) out. tükürmek 1. /a/ to spit (on), expectorate (on).
   2. hi to spit, spit (s.t.) out. tükürdüğünü yalamak colloq. to eat crow; to eat one’s words.
tükürük spit, spittle. — bezleri anat. salivary glands. — hokkası spittoon, cuspidor. — yere düşmemek colloq. for the weather to be bitter cold, for the weather to be cold enough to freeze one’s tail off. —ünü yutmak colloq. for one’s mouth to begin to water; to lick one’s chops (at the sight of s.t. delicious).
tükürükleme III moistening (s.t.) with spittle, tükürüklemek III to moisten (s.t.) with spittle, tükürüklenme being moistened with spittle, tükürüklenmek to be moistened with spittle, tükürükotu, -nu (../..) bot. star-of-Bethlehem, Ornithogalum. tül 1. tulle. 2. tulle curtain. 3. made of tulle, tulle.
tülaremi path, tularemia, tülbent a fine muslin, tüleme prov. molting (of a bird), tülemek prov. (for a bird) to molt, tülyum (/.) chem., see tulyum. xtüm 1. all of, all: tüm bunlar all of these. 2. entirety, whole, sum total. 3. completely: tüm cahil completely ignorant. — ü ile/—üyle completely.
2tüm prov. 1. small mound, small pile. 2. protuberance; hump, tümamiral, -li (/...) mil. senior rear admiral, full rear admiral; Brit, vice admiral, tümamirallik (/....) mil. senior rear admiralship;
   Brit, vice admiralship. tümbaşkalaşma (/....) zool. holometabolism, holometaboly. tümbek prov. 1. small mound, small pile. 2.
   protuberance; hump. 3. mus. a small drum, tümce gram, sentence, tümcebilim (./..) syntax, tümcebilimsel (./...) syntactic, syntactical, tümceleme psych, redintegration, tümden completely, wholly, totally.
tümdengelim
 893
Türkçeleşme
 tümdengelim (./..) log. deduction, tümel log., phil. universal, universal in nature (as opposed to particular). tümellik log., phil. universality, tümen 1. mil. division. 2. ten thousand. 3. toman, tuman (a Persian monetary unit). 4. obs. large heap/pile. — tümen colloq. 1. thousands of .... 2. in vast numbers, tümevarım (./..) log. induction.
 Tümg. (abbr. for Tümgeneral) mil. 1. Maj. Gen. (Major General). 2. Brit. A.M. (Air Marshal).
 tümgeneral, -li (/...) mil. 1. major general. 2.
   Brit, air marshal, tümgenerallik (/....) mil. 1. major generalcy, major generalship. 2. Brit, air marshalcy, air marshalship. tümgün (/.) see tamgün. tümleç gram, complement, tümleme /i/ completing, tümlemek hi to complete, tümlenme being completed, tümlenmek to be completed, tümler complementary. — açı geom. complementary angle, tümör path, tumor, tümöral path, tumoral.
 tümsayı (/..) full number, complement (of members).
 tümsek 1. small mound, small pile. 2. protuberance; hump. 3. anat. colliculus. 4. protuberant, tümsekli convex, tümseklik protuberance, tümselme swelling, becoming protuberant; becoming humped, tümselmek to swell, become protuberant; to become humped, tümtanrıcı (/...) 1. (a) pantheist. 2. pantheistic, pantheistical, tümtanrıcılık (/....) pantheism, tümülüs tumulus, barrow, tümür anat. villus: bağırsak tümürleri intestinal villi, tün night.
 tünaydın 1. Good evening! 2. Good night! tünek 1. perch, roost (pole for domestic birds to rest on). 2. slang passive male homosexual, fag. tünekleme perching, roosting, tüneklemek to perch, roost.
 Tünel 1. the name of an underground funicular in Istanbul. 2. the neighborhood located around the top of this funicular, tünel tunnel. — geçmek slang to daydream, wool-gather. tüneme perching, roosting, tünemek to perch, roost, tünik tunic.
 tünme falling (of night), tünmek (for night) to fall, tünsel nocturnal.
 tüp 1. tube (for toothpaste, ointment, etc.). 2.
    (glass) tube (used in a laboratory); test tube.
    3.    cylinder (for bottled gas). — bebek test -tube baby, tüplük rack for test tubes, tür 1. kind, sort, type. 2. bot., zool. species.
türabi (.-------) obs. pertaining to the earth/the
    soil.
türap (.—-) obs. earth, soil; dust, türban turban.
türbe (large, usually domed) tomb, turbeh, turbe.
türbedar caretaker of a türbe, türbeeriği, -ni (./...) a red plum, türbin turbine.
türdeş 1. plant/animal that is of the same species. 2. (plant/animal) that is of the same species, türe justice.
türedi 1. (an) upstart, (a) parvenu, (a) Johnny -come-lately. 2. upstart, parvenu, türel judicial, juridical* türem derivation.
türeme 1. springing up, appearing suddenly, coming on the scene suddenly. 2. increasing, multiplying. 3. /dan/ being derived from. 4. (an) upstart, (a) parvenu, (a) Johnny-come -lately.
türemek 1. to spring up, appear suddenly, come on the scene suddenly. 2. to increase, multiply. 3. /dan/ to be derived from, türeti (an) invention, invented thing, türetici inventor.
türetme 1. hi causing (s.o./s.t.) to spring up or appear suddenly. 2. /i, dan/ producing (one thing) from or using (another). 3. /i, dan/ deriving (one thing) from (another), türetmek 1. hi to cause (s.o./s.t.) to spring up or appear suddenly. 2. /i, dan/ to produce (one thing) from or using (another). 3. /i, dan/ to derive (one thing) from (another), türetmen inventor, türev (a) derivative.
Türk 1. (a) Turk. 2. Turkish. — dili the Turkish language. — Dil Kurumu the Turkish Language Association, the Turkish Linguistic Society. — karır, kılıcı karımaz, proverb Even in old age a Turk is a good fighter. — mavisi 1. turquoise, turquoise blue, the color turquoise. 2. turquoise-colored, turquoise. Türkçe (/.) 1. Turkish, the Turkish language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Turkish, Turkish. 3. Turkish (speech/writing); spoken in Turkish; written in Turkish, —si .... colloq. The long and the short of it is that .../I’ll put it in plain terms: .../To put it plainly,...: Türkçesi, herif aptalın teki. To put it plainly, the guy’s as stupid as they come.
Türkçeci (/..) 1. supporter of the movement to purify Turkish of foreign words. 2. colloq. teacher of Turkish.
Türkçecilik (/...) the movement to purify Turkish of foreign words.
Türkçeleşme (of an etymologically foreign
 Türkçeleşmek
 894
tüvana
  word) becoming part of the Turkish language.
  Türkçeleşmek (for an etymologically foreign word) to become part of the Turkish language.
  Türkçeleştirme lıl 1. replacing the (etymologically) foreign words in (a piece of Turkish writing/the Turkish language) with Turkish words. 2. translating (a piece of writing) into Turkish.
  Türkçeleştirmek hi 1. to replace the (etymologically) foreign words in (a piece of Turkish writing/the Turkish language) with Turkish words. 2. to translate (a piece of writing) into Turkish.
  Türkçü 1. (a) Turkist. 2. Turkist.
  Türkçülük Turkism.
  Türki (.—) Turkic, Turkish, Turki. — cumhuriyetler the Turkic republics (of the former Soviet Union).
  Türkistan 1. Türkistan, Turkestan. 2. Turkistani, Turkestani, of Türkistan.
  Türkistanlı 1. (a) Turkistani, (a) Turkestani. 2. Turkistani, Turkestani (person).
  TÜRK-İŞ (abbr. for Türkiye İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonu) C.T.T.U. (Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions).
  Türkiyat, -ti see Türkoloji.
  Türkiyatçı see Türkolog.
  Türkiye (/..) 1. Turkey. 2. Turkish, Turkey, of Turkey. — Büyük Millet Meclisi the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the Turkish Chamber of Deputies. — Cumhuriyeti the Republic of Turkey, the Turkish Republic.
  Türkiyeli (/...) 1. citizen of Turkey. 2. (s.o.) who is a citizen of Turkey.
  Türkleşme being Turkized, being Turkicized.
  Türkleşmek to be Turkized, be Turkicized.
  Türkleştirme h/ Turkizing, Turkicizing.
  Türkleştirmek hi to Turkize, Turkicize.
  Türklük 1. Turkishness. 2. the worldwide Turkish community.
  Türklükbilim (./..) Turcology.
  Türklükbilimci (./...) Turcologist.
  Türklükbilimcilik (./....) Turcology.
  Türkmen 1. (a) Turkoman, Turcoman. 2. Turkoman, Turcoman, of the Turkomans.
  Türkmence (./.) 1. Turkoman, Turcoman, the Turkoman language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Turkoman, Turkoman, Turcoman. 3. Turkoman (speech/writing); spoken in Turkoman; written in Turkoman.
  Türkmenistan Turkmenistan.
  Türkolog Turcologist.
  Türkoloji Turcology.
  türkuvaz see turkuaz.
  türkü folk song. — çağırmak see türkü söylemek. —sünü çağırmak /m/ to sing the praises of (s.o.). — söylemek to sing a folk song. — yakmak to write a folk song.
  türlü 1. various, varied, diverse, multifarious.
  2. sort, kind, variety. 3. stew made of mixed vegetables. —sü Iml colloq. all kinds of, all
   sorts of: Bu firmaya geleli müdürlerin türlüsünü gördüm. I’ve seen all sorts of bosses since I’ve been with this firm. — türlü colloq. all sorts of, all manner of. türrehat, -ti (..—) obs. nonsense, rubbish, poppycock.
türrühat, -ti (..—) obs., see türrehat. türsel specific, of or relating to a species, türsellik specificness.
türüm 1. genesis, creation. 2. phil. emanation, türümcü phil. emanationist. türümcülük phil. emanationism. türüzotu, -nu (./..) bot. Japanese honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica. tüs fuzz, down (on a person’s face), tüsor tussah, tussore (a silk fabric), tütme 1. smoking, giving off smoke. 2. rising (of smoke).
                                                         tütmek 1. to smoke, give off smoke. 2. (for smoke) to rise, tütsü 1. incense, something burned to produce a smoke. 2. smoke (used to cure meat, fish, etc.). 3. burning (of s.t.) to produce a smoke.
   4.    slang alcohol, booze, tütsüleme hi 1. censing. 2. smoking (meat, fish, etc.). 3. smoking (bees), tütsülemek lıl 1. to cense. 2. to smoke (meat, fish, etc.). 3. to smoke (bees), tütsülenme 1. being censed. 2. (of meat, fish, etc.) being smoked. 3. (of bees) being smoked.
tütsülenmek 1. to be censed. 2. (for meat, fish, etc.) to be smoked. 3. (for bees) to be smoked.
tütsülü 1. censed. 2. smoked (meat, fish, etc.).
   3.    slang drunk, pickled, sloshed, tütsülük incense burner; censer, thurible, incensory.
tüttürme hi 1. smoking (cigarette, pipe, etc.). 2. making (s.t.) smoke, making (s.t.) give off smoke. 3. causing (smoke) to rise, tüttürmek hi 1. to smoke (cigarette, pipe, etc.). 2. to make (s.t.) smoke, make (s.t.) give off smoke. 3. to cause (smoke) to rise, tütün 1. bot. tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum. 2. tobacco (ready for smoking/chewing). — ü doğru çıkmak Iml colloq. for things to be going very well for (s.o.). — kesesi formerly tobacco pouch, tütünbalığı, -m (./...) smoked fish, tütüncü 1. tobacco seller, tobacconist. 2. tobacco grower.
tütüncülük 1. selling tobacco, being a tobacconist. 2. growing tobacco, being a tobacco grower.
tütünçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. flowering tobacco, nicotiana, Nicotiana. tütünlük pastrami made from a choice cut of beef.
tütünrengi, -ni (./..) 1. tobacco brown, tobac (the color). 2. colored tobacco brown, tobacco-brown, tüvana (.— —) obs. strong and healthy, vig-
tüveyç                                             895
    orous (despite his/her age), tüveyç obs., bot. corolla, tüvinset, -ti (./.) twin set, matching sweater and cardigan.
tüvit 1. tweed. 2. made of tweed, tweed, tüy 1. feather; quill; piece of down. 2. (a) hair (forming part of the coat of a furry/hairy/ long-haired animal). 3. fuzz, down (fine hair on the face/the body). 4. fuzz, down (on a plant part or fruit). — atmak 1. (for a bird) to molt. 2. (for a quadruped) to shed. — ü bozuk colloq. 1. downcast. 2. blond; blonde. 3. (s.o.) whose intentions are not good, —leri diken diken olmak colloq. to get goose bumps, get goose pimples, get gooseflesh; for one’s hair to stand on end. (üzerine) — dikmek colloq. to make a bad situation worse. — dökmek 1. (for a bird) to molt. 2. (for a quadruped) to shed, —lerini düzmek 1. (for a bird) to preen. 2. (for a quadruped) to smooth its hair/coat/fur. 3. colloq. to start to dress well, take on a smart appearance. — ekseni shaft of a feather. — gibi colloq. 1. featherlike. 2. as light as a feather, featherlight. — güzelliği hamamdan eve, huy/ad güzelliği Urum’dan Şam’a. proverb, see Yüz güzelliği hamamdan eve, öz güzelliği Urum’dan Şam’a, —lerini kabartmak 1. (for a bird) to ruffle its feathers. 2. (for a quadruped) to bristle, raise its bristles/hackles. — kalem quill pen, quill.
   —   sapı quill of a feather. — ü tüsü yok. He’s still wet behind the ears (said to disparage s.o.’s youth), —leri ürpermek colloq. to get goose bumps, get goose pimples, get goose-flesh; for one’s hair to stand on end. —ler ürpertici colloq. spine-chilling; blood-curdling.
tüyağırlık (/...) boxing 1. featherweight class.
    2. featherweight (boxer), tüybiti, -ni (/..) zool. bird louse, biting louse, tüybitleri, -ni (/...) zool. bird lice, Mallophaga. tüybulut, -tu (/..) cirrus, cirrus cloud, tüydöken slang straight razor, shiv, tüydürme hi slang 1. stealing, pinching. 2. making (s.o.) leave, getting rid of (s.o.).
                                                                                                             tvist
tüydürmek hi slang 1. to steal, pinch. 2. to make (s.o.) leave, get rid of (s.o.). tüylenme 1. (of a bird) growing feathers, feathering out, or fledging. 2. growing of (an animal’s) hair; (of an animal) growing a new coat. 3. slang getting rich, getting flush, getting in the money. 4. slang starting to act defiantly, getting too big for one’s britches, tüylenmek 1. (for a bird) to grow feathers, feather out, or fledge. 2. for (an animal’s) hair to grow; (for an animal) to grow a new coat. 3. slang to get rich, get flush, get in the money. 4. slang to start acting defiantly, get too big for one’s britches, tüylü 1. feathered; covered with feathers; feathery; covered with down; downy. 2. shaggy; fuzzy; furry; hairy. 3. fuzzy, downy (plant part, fruit). 4. a type of kilim, tüyme slang slipping away, sneaking off. tüymek slang to slip away, sneak off. tüyo (/.) slang tip-off. — almak /dan/ 1. to be tipped off (by), get a tip-off (from). 2. (during an exam) (illegally) to get help (from). — vermek /a/ 1. to tip (s.o.) off. 2. (during an exam) (illegally) to give (s.o.) help, tüysıklet, -ti (/..) 1. boxing featherweight class. 2. boxing featherweight (boxer). 3. colloq. as light as a feather, featherlight. tüysü 1. featherlike. 2. bot. pinnate, tüysüz 1. unfeathered, unfledged; downless. 2. hairless (animal). 3. fuzzless, downless (plant part, fruit). 4. (youth) too young to have a beard, beardless, tüysüzşeftali (./.— .) bot. nectarine, Prunus persica nectarina. tüze 1. law, jurisprudence. 2. justice, tüzeci jurist.
tüzel 1. legal, jurisprudential. 2. judicial, tüzelkişi (./..) law juristic person, artificial person, conventional person, tüzelkişilik (./...) law juristic personality, tüzemen jurist.
tüzük regulations/statutes (governing an organization).
TV (abbr. for televizyon) TV (television), tvist, -ti twist (a dance).
u
U 1. the letter U. 2. chem. U (uranium). — borusu U-shaped pipe, U. cıvatası U-bolt. ubudiyet, -ti (.—..) obs. 1. devotion, devotedness. 2. bondage, servitude, uca prov., anat. coccyx, tailbone. ucay phys. pole, ucaylanma phys. polarization, ucaylik phys. polarity, ucaysi phys. polaroid.
ucube (.—.) 1. monstrosity, monster; hideous -looking thing. 2. monstrosity, freak, freak of nature.
ucun ucun (./ ..) colloq. bit by bit; little by little.
ucuz 1. cheap, inexpensive, low-priced. 2. easily acquired, easy. 3. cheaply, cheap, on the cheap. — alan, pahalı alır, proverb Buying cheap goods is usually false economy, —a almak hi to get (s.t.) at a low price, buy (s.t.) cheap. — atlatmak hi to escape from (a tight/dangerous situation) with little or no harm; to get off lightly, —a çıkmak (for s.t.) to cost little to produce: Bu kitap ucuza çıktı. This book cost little to produce. — etin yahnisi tatsız/yavan olur, proverb Cheap goods usually give their buyer little satisfaction. —a kapatmak hi colloq. to get (s.t.) at a low price, buy (s.t.) cheap. — kurtulmak /dan/ to escape from (a tight/dangerous situation) with little or no harm; to get off lightly. — dur vardır illeti, pahalıdır vardır hikmeti, proverb There are usually sound reasons why a piece of merchandise is priced as it is. —a vermek III to sell (s.t.) cheaply, sell (s.t.) cheap, ucuzcu 1. (s.o.) who sells things cheaply. 2.
                             (s.o.) who is always hunting for bargains, ucuzlama 1. getting cheap, going down in price, cheapening; becoming less expensive. 2. becoming readily available, becoming common knowledge.
ucuzlamak 1. to get cheap, go down in price, cheapen; to become less expensive. 2. to become readily available, become common knowledge, ucuzlatılma being made cheaper, ucuzlatılmak to be made cheaper, ucuzlatma hi 1. reducing the price of, lowering the price of, making (s.t.) cheap. 2. making (s.t.) easily available, ucuzlatmak hi 1. to reduce the price of, lower the price of, make (s.t.) cheap. 2. to make (s.t.) easily available.
ucuzluk 1. cheapness, inexpensiveness. 2. sale, selling goods at reduced prices, uç 1. end, extremity; tip. 2. point (of a sharply pointed instrument). 3. hist, march, borderland. 4. archaic reason, cause, —unda bir şey var. colloq. Iml There’s something behind (a matter)./There’s something secret at the bottom of (a matter). — u bucağı olmamak colloq. (for a place) to be vastly wide, be boundless, —unu bulmak Iml colloq. 1. to bring (s.t.) to a conclusion. 2. to find a way to solve (a problem). — u dokunmak /a/ colloq. (for s.t.) to affect (s.o.) adversely, bring (s.o.) harm, cause (s.o.) damage. — u-nu kaçırmak Iml colloq. to allow (a situation) to get out of control, —unda (bir şey) olmak colloq. (for s.t.) to be at the bottom of (a matter). — u ortası belli olmamak colloq. (for s.t.) to be so complicated/chaotic that one doesn’t know how to start setting it to rights. — uca end to end. — u ucuna colloq. just barely; with only a very little bit to spare; with hardly a minute to spare. — vermek 1. (for a boil, pimple, etc.) to come to a head, head. 2. bot. to sprout. 3. colloq. to appear, become apparent, uçak airplane, Brit, aeroplane, plane, —la 1. by airplane, by air. 2. via airmail, by airmail.
   —      gemisi aircraft carrier. — kaçırmak to hijack/skyjack an airplane. — meydanı airfield, landing field; airport. — sanayii aircraft industry, uçaksavar antiaircraft gun; antiaircraft weapon, uçanbalık (./..) zool. flying fish, Exocoetus rondeleti. uçandaire (./—..) flying saucer, uçankefal (./..) zool., see uçanbalık. uçankeseli (./...) zool. flying phalanger, Pe-taurus.
uçan top, -pu (./.) volleyball, uçar 1. flying, (s.t.) which flies. 2. volatile, —a atmak hunting to shoot at a bird on the wing.
uçarbalık (./..) zool. 1..flying gurnard, flying robin, Dactylopterus volitans. 2. flying fish, Exocoetus rondeleti. uçarı 1. a famous, a real (womanizer and wild liver). 2. (s.o.) who is famous for his womanizing and wild living. 3. wild, uncontrollable.
uçarılık womanizing and wild living, uçarkefal (./..) zool., see uçanbalık. uçarköpek (./..) zool. fruit bat, flying fox,
uçarkurbağa                                         897
    Pteropus.
uçarkurbağa             zool. flying  frog, Poly-
    pedates/Rhacophorus. uçarmaki (./..) zool. flying lemur, Cyno-cephalus volans. uçarsincap (./..) zool. flying squirrel, Glauco-mys/Petaurista/Sciuropterus. uçbeyi, -ni (/..) hist, marcher lord, lord marcher.
                                                          uçkun archaic spark (which flies out of a fire), uçkur drawstring, drawing string. — çözmek /a/ colloq. to have sex with, go to bed with.
    —una sağlam olmak colloq. to be chaste, not to sleep around; not to commit adultery, uçkurluk 1. hem which encloses a drawstring.
   2. wooden threader (used to pull a cord/a drawstring through the hem made to enclose it).
uçkurutan bot. a fungus especially harmful to lemon trees, Deuterophoma tracheiphila. uçlanma 1. becoming pointed, getting a tip. 2. bot. sprouting. 3. ill slang giving, forking over, handing over, uçlanmak 1. to become pointed, get a tip. 2. bot. to sprout. 3. Ill slang to give, fork over, hand over.
uçlu 1. (s.t.) which has a point/a tip; pointed; tipped. 2. colloq. filter-tipped cigarette, filter tip.
^çmak 1. to fly; to fly away, take wing. 2. to evaporate, vaporize, volatilize. 3. /dan/ to fall off, fall from (a high place). 4. (for a color) to fade. 5. to blow away, be blown away. 6. to vanish, disappear. 7. /dan/ colloq. to be wild with (joy)- 8. slang to get/be high (on drugs). Uç baba torik! slang My, my!/Well, well! (said sarcastically), uçan kuşa borcu/ borçlu olmak colloq. to be in debt to everybody. uçan kuştan medet ummak colloq. to be ready to accept help from absolutely anyone that offers it.
2uçmak archaic paradise, uçman airplane pilot, flier, aviator, uçsuz (s.t.) which lacks a tip/a point. — bucaksız colloq. vastly large, vast, boundless, endless.
uçtuuçtu (./..) a children’s word game, uçucu 1. biol. flying, volitant, volitorial, volatile.
   2.     chem. volatile, readily vaporizable. 3. transitory, evanescent, volatile. 4. airplane pilot, flier, aviator. — kül fly ash, uçuculuk 1. biol. ability to fly, volatileness. 2. chem. volatility. 3. transitoriness, evanescence. 4. flying, being an airplane pilot, uçuçböceği, -ni (./...) zool. ladybug, lady beetle, ladybird, ladybird beetle, Coccinella.
*uçuk path. 1. cold sore, herpes labialis. 2.
    herpes.
2uçuk faded; pale.
uçuklama path. 1. developing cold sores. 2. getting herpes.
uçuklamak path. 1. to develop cold sores. 2. to get herpes.
                                                                                                             ufaklık
uçuksu path, herpetic, uçum flight, flying, uçun fly, loose end (of a flag), uçurma lıl 1. flying (a kite); letting (s.t.) fly away. 2. blowing (s.o./s.t.) up, blowing (s.o./ s.t.) to bits. 3. depriving someone of (a limb).
    4.    slang stealing, making off with. 5. colloq. praising (s.o.) to the skies. 6. colloq. making (s.o./s.t.) go very fast, making (s.o./s.t.) fly like the wind, making (s.o./s.t.) fly. uçurmak hi 1. to fly (a kite); to let (s.t.) fly away. 2. to blow (s.o./s.t.) up, blow (s.o./s.t.) to bits. 3. to deprive someone of (a limb). 4. slang to steal, make off with. 5. colloq. to praise (s.o.) to the skies. 6. colloq. to make (s.o./s.t.) go very fast, make (s.o./s.t.) fly like the wind, make (s.o./s.t.) fly. uçurtma 1. kite (a toy). 2. /i, a/ having (s.o.) fly (a kite); having (s.o.) let (s.t.) fly away.
    3.     /i, a/ having (s.o.) blow (s.o./s.t.) up. 4. h, a/ having (s.o.) deprive someone of (a limb). 5. h, a/ slang having (s.o.) steal (s.t.). 6. h, a/ colloq. having (s.o.) praise (s.o.) to the skies. 7. h, a/ colloq. having (s.o.) make (s.o./s.t.) go very fast, uçurtmak h, 2d 1. to have (s.o.) fly (a kite); to have (s.o.) let (s.t.) fly away. 2. to have (s.o.) blow (s.o./s.t.) up. 3. to have (s.o.) deprive someone of (a limb). 4. slang to have (s.o.) steal (s.t.). 5. colloq. to have (s.o.) praise (s.o.) to the skies. 6. colloq. to have (s.o.) make (s.o./s.t.) go very fast, uçurum 1. precipice, sheer drop, sheer declivity. 2. abyss, chasm, gorge, ravine, gulch. 3. colloq. gap, gulf. 4. colloq. disaster, disastrous situation, calamity: uçurumun kenarında on the edge of disaster; in the lion’s mouth, uçuş flight, flying, —a gitmek slang to have sexual intercourse, have sex. — mühendisi flight engineer. — mühendisliği flight engineering. — yolu trajectory, uçuşma flying (of birds/insects); flying hither and thither, volitating, uçuşmak (for birds/insects) to fly; to fly hither and thither, volitate, ud mus., see *ut.
udi (--------) lute player, lutist, lutanist.
uf 1. Ouf!/Oof! 2. Ouch!/Ow! ufacık (/..)colloq. tiny, minute, very small. — tefecik tiny, diminutive, pint-sized, no bigger than a minute, ufak 1. small, little. 2. little, young. 3. minor, paltry, piddling. 4. crumb. — çapta small -scale. — para small change; small bills. — tefek colloq. 1. minor, trifling, trivial, piddling. 2. tiny, no bigger than a minute. 3. trifles, unimportant things. — ufak colloq.
    1. a little at a time, bit by bit. 2. in small pieces.
ufakça fairly small, on the small side, ufaklı (fruit/vegetable) which contains small seeds.
                                                                 ufaklık 1. smallness, littleness. 2. colloq. small
 ufalama                                            898
   change; small bills. 3. colloq. child, little one; kid; kid brother; kid sister. 4.70c. louse (an insect).
ufalama 111 1. crumbling, breaking (s.t.) into small pieces, comminuting. 2. slang killing, doing (s.o.) in. 3. slang giving (s.o.) a good beating, beating (s.o.) to a pulp. 4. slang caressing and kissing (a woman) very roughly.
    5.   slang laying or having sex with (a woman) in a very rough way. ufalamak hi 1. to crumble, break (s.t.) into small pieces, comminute. 2. slang to kill, do (s.o.) in. 3. slang to give (s.o.) a good beating, beat (s.o.) to a pulp. 4. slang to caress and kiss (a woman) very roughly. 5. slang to lay or have sex with (a woman) in a very rough way. ufalanma 1. being crumbled, being broken into small pieces, being comminuted. 2. crumbling into bits, ufalanmak 1. to be crumbled, be broken into small pieces, be comminuted. 2. to crumble into bits.
ufalayıcı comminutor (machine used in sewage treatment), ufalma getting small/smaller; shrinking, ufalmak to get small/smaller; to shrink, ufaltma III making (s.t.) small/smaller; reducing the size of.
                                                         ufaltmak hi to make (s.t.) small/smaller; to reduce the size of. ufarak colloq. fairly small, on the small side, ufki (.—) obs. horizontal, parallel to the horizon, uflamak colloq. to say “Ouf!”/“Ow!” repeatedly. uflayıp puflamak to keep saying “Ouf!”/ “Ow!”
UFO UFO (unidentified flying object), ufuk, -fku horizon. — çizgisi horizon line, horizon (in a picture), —unu genişletmek colloq. to broaden one’s horizon, ufunet, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. bad smell. 2. pus, matter. 3. putrefaction (of flesh around a wound), ufunetlenme (.—•...) obs. 1. (a wound’s) getting full of pus, getting pussy. 2. (of the flesh around a wound) getting putrescent, ufunetlenmek (.— ...) obs. 1. (for a wound) to get full of pus, get pussy. 2. (for the flesh around a wound) to get putrescent.
Uganda (./.) 1. Uganda. 2. Ugandan, Uganda, of Uganda.
Ugandali (./..) 1. (a) Ugandan. 2. Ugandan (person).
uğra prov. flour sprinkled on dough (to keep it from sticking to one’s hands while one kneads it).
uğrak 1. haunt, hangout; resort. 2. much-frequented (place), uğralama hi prov. sprinkling flour on (dough)
    (prior to kneading it), uğralamak hi prov. to sprinkle flour on (dough)
    (prior to kneading it), uğrama 1. /a/ calling in on, stopping by to see (s.o.); dropping in on (s.o.) (briefly). 2. /a/
                                                                                            uğratma
   calling at, calling in at, dropping by, stopping by (a place) (briefly). 3. /a/ (a road’s) pass-ing through/by (a place). 4. /a/ rushing out into, dashing out into (a place). 5. /a/ meeting with, encountering, or suffering (a difficulty/ a disaster); coming down with (an illness). 6. colloq. suffering misfortune at the hands of a jinn (e.g. being paralyzed, being struck dumb, etc.). uğramak l.'/a/ to call in on, stop by to see (s.o.); to drop in on (s.o.) (briefly). 2. /a/ to call at, call in at, drop by, stop by (a place) (briefly). 3. /a/ (for a road) to pass through/ by (a place). 4. /a/ to rush out into, dash out into (a place). 5. /a/ to meet with, encounter, or suffer (a difficulty/a disaster); to come down with (an illness). 6. colloq. to suffer misfortune at the hands of a jinn (e.g. to be paralyzed, to be struck dumb, etc.). uğranmak /a/ impersonal passive 1. to call in on, stop by to see (s.o.); to drop in on (s.o.) briefly. 2. to call at, call in at, drop by, stop by (a place) (briefly), uğraş 1. occupation, work. 2. striving, struggle, endeavor, strong and determined effort/ exertion, uğraşı occupation, work, uğraşılmak impersonal passive 1. to exert o.s., put forth an effort. 2. /la/ to work on, be engaged in, be busy with. 3. /la/ to work hard to help (s.o.). 4. /la/ to pester, bother, pick on (s.o.). 5. /la/ to fight with, uğraşma \. striving, struggling, endeavoring, exerting o.s., putting forth an effort, working hard. 2. /la/ working on, being engaged in, being busy with (a job). 3. /la/ working hard to help (s.o.). 4. /la/ pestering, bothering, picking on (s.o.). 5. /la/ fighting with, uğraşmak 1. to strive, struggle, endeavor, exert
   o.s., put forth an effort, work hard. 2. /la/ to work on, be engaged in, be busy with (a job). 3. /la/ to work hard to help (s.o.). 4. /la/ to pester, bother, pick on (s.o.). 5. /la/ to fight with.
uğraştaş professional colleague; co-worker, associate.
uğraştırma 1. /1, la/ making (s.o.) struggle with (a job), busying (s.o.) with (a job), putting (s.o.) to work doing (a job). 2. hi causing (s.o.) a lot of tiring effort, putting (s.o.) to a lot of trouble, uğraştırmak 1. /1, la/ to make (s.o.) struggle with (a job), busy (s.o.) with (a job), put (s.o.) to work doing (a job). 2. fil to cause (s.o.) a lot of tiring effort, put (s.o.) to a lot of trouble.
uğratma 1. h, a/ causing (s.o.) to call in on, stop by to see, or drop in on (s.o.) (briefly).
   2. h, a/ causing (s.o.) to stop by (a place); having (a vehicle) call/stop at (a place) (briefly). 3. h, a/ routing (a road) through/by (a place). 4. h, a/ causing (s.o.) to rush/dash out into (a place). 5. h, a/ causing (s.o.) to
uğratmak
 899
ulaşım
   meet with, encounter, or suffer (a difficulty/ a disaster); causing (s.o.) to come down with (an illness). 6. h, a/ colloq. causing (s.o.) to suffer (misfortune) at the hands of a jinn. 7. h, dan) expelling (s.o.) from, kicking (s.o.) out of (a place), uğratmak 1. h, a/ to cause (s.o.) to call in on, stop by to see, or drop in on (s.o.) (briefly).
   2. h, a/ to cause (s.o.) to stop by (a place); to have (a vehicle) call/stop at (a place) (briefly). 3. h, a/ to route (a road) through/ by (a place). 4. h, a/ to cause (s.o.) to rush/ dash out into (a place). 5. h, a/ to cause (s.o.) to meet with, encounter, or suffer (a difficulty/a disaster); to cause (s.o.) to come down with (an illness). 6. h, a/ colloq. to cause (s.o.) to suffer (misfortune) at the hands of a jinn. 7. h, dan/ to expel (s.o.) from, kick (s.o.) out of (a place).
uğru archaic thief, uğrulama h/ archaic stealing, uğrulamak III archaic to steal, uğrun prov. secretly.
uğuldama 1. humming, buzzing. 2. ringing (of the ears). 3. roaring/howling/whining/whistling (of the wind), uğuldamak 1. to hum, buzz. 2. (for one’s ears) to ring. 3. (for the wind) to roar/howl/whine/ whistle.
uğultu 1. hum, buzz. 2. ringing (in one’s ears).
   3.    roar/howl/whine/whistle (of the wind), uğunma prov., see uvunma.
uğunmak prov., see uvunmak.
Uğur astr. Jupiter.
*uğur 1. good luck. 2. good omen. 3. good -luck charm, lucky charm. — u açık colloq. lucky. — getirmek /a/ to bring (s.o.) good luck. — ola!/—lar olsun! Have a safe trip!/ Have a good trip! (said to s.o. departing). 2uğur, -ğru used in: — una for the sake of, for: Onun uğruna kendini harap etme! Don’t wear yourself out for her sake! —unda for the sake of, for: Bu vatanın uğrunda çok insan can verdi. Many people have given their lives for this country, bu/o —da to this/that end: O uğurda çok para sarfetti. He spent a lot of money to that end. uğurböceği, -ni (./...) zool. ladybug, lady beetle, ladybird, ladybird beetle, Coccinella. uğurböcekleri, -ni (./....) zool. Coccinellidae. uğurlama hi wishing (a departing traveler) a safe journey, wishing/bidding (s.o.) Godspeed; seeing (s.o.) off. uğurlamak hi to wish (a departing traveler) a safe journey, wish/bid (s.o.) Godspeed; to see (s.o.) off.
uğurlanma being wished a safe journey, being bidden Godspeed, uğurlanmak to be wished a safe journey, be bidden Godspeed, uğurlu lucky, of good omen, auspicious. — kademli olsun! colloq. May this (new thing/ baby) bring you joy!
uğursama hi regarding (s.t.) as a sign of good luck.
uğursamak hJ to regard (s.t.) as a sign of good luck.
uğursuz unlucky; ill-omened, inauspicious, uğursuzluk bad luck; inauspiciousness, uhde obs. responsibility, duty, —sine almak hi to undertake to do (s.t.); to take the responsibility for doing (s.t.). —sinden gelmek Iml to be able to carry out (a task), —sinde olmak /in/ (for s.t.) to be the responsibility of (s.o.).
uhlamak h! colloq. to breathe hard on, blow on (s.t.).
uhrevi (..—) pertaining to the next world, otherworldly.
Uhut Dağı, -ni see Hüt Dağı, uhuvvet, -ti obs. brotherhood, fraternity (as a concept).
ukala (..—) 1. know-it-all, smart aleck, wise guy, smarty pants, smartass, wiseacre. 2. know-it-all, smart-alecky, smartass. — dümbeleği colloq. real smart aleck, real wise guy. ukalalık (..— .) know-it-all behavior. — etmek to act like a know-it-all. ukaz ukase.
ukde obs. 1. knot. 2. knotty problem. 3. source of great frustration or bitter regret. 4. anat. node; ganglion. 5. astr. node. — olmak /a/ to be a source of great frustration or bitter regret for (s.o.).
Ukrayna (./.) 1. Ukraine. 2. geog. the Ukraine, Little Russia. 2. Ukrainian, of the Ukraine.
Ukraynali (./..) 1. (a) Ukrainian. 2. Ukrainian (person).
ukubet, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. punishment. 2. torture.
   3. very ugly.
ulaç gram, any of a number of deverbatives (e.g. gele, gelince, geldiğinde, gelirken, gelerek, geldikçe, gelmeden, geleli).
Ulah 1. (a) Vlach, (a) Wallach, (a) Wallachian.
   2. Vlach, Wallachian, of the Vlachs.
Ulahça (./.) 1. Wallachian, Romanian as spoken by the Vlachs. 2. (speaking/writing) in Wallachian, Wallachian. 3. Wallachian (speech/ writing); spoken in Wallachian; written in Wallachian. ulak messenger, courier, ulam 1. group. 2. category. — ulam in groups, ulama 1. h, a/ appending/adding/joining (one thing) to (another). 2. supplement; appendage; addition. 3. ling, liaison, ulamak h, a/ to append/add/join (one thing) to (another).
ulan vulg. 1. Hey you!/Hey! 2. Now look here!
   (said angrily). ulanma /a/ being appended/added/joined to. ulanmak /a/ to be appended/added/joined to. ulantı 1. addition; supplement. 2. poet, enjamb-ment, enjambement. ulaşım 1. communication. 2. arrival. 3. attaining.
   4. reunion.
ulaşma
 900
umumiyet
                                                              ulaşma /a/ 1. reaching, arriving at. 2. attaining (a goal). 3. reaching, being long enough to reach. 4. being reunited with (s.o.). ulaşmak /a/ 1. to reach, arrive at. 2. to attain (a goal). 3. to reach, be long enough to reach.
    4.     to be reunited with (s.o.). ulaştırma transportation, conveyance. U— Bakam the Minister of Transportation. U— Bakanlığı the Ministry of Transportation. — sınıfı mil. Transportation Corps, ulaştırmak /ı, a/ to transport/convey (s.t.) to. ulema (..—) 1. ulama, ulema, Muslim theologians and scholars. 2. learned people, savants, ulemalık (..— .) colloq. scholarship, being a scholar. — taslamak to pretend to be knowledgeable about something, act learned, ulu 1. great, august, exalted, peerless. 2. large and imposing, noble, majestic, —lar köprü olsa basıp geçme, proverb Treat a great person with respect, even when he/she has fallen from favor in the public eye. — sözü dinlemeyen, uluyakalir. proverb He/She who does not heed the advice of those who are wiser than he/she, will suffer for it. Uludağ (./.) Mt. Olympus (in northwestern Turkey, at Bursa), ulufe (.—.) Ott. hist, salary paid trimonthly to certain soldiers and officials, ulufeci (.—..) Ott. hist, a cavalryman in the Janissary corps, uluhiyet, -ti (.— ..) divinity, godhead, godhood. ululama /ı/ extolling; honoring; exalting; treating (s.o./s.t.) with great esteem, ululamak l\l to extol; to honor; to exalt; to treat (s.o./s.t.) with great esteem, ululanma being extolled; being honored; being exalted; being treated with great esteem, ululanmak to be extolled; to be honored; to be exalted; to be treated with great esteem, ululuk 1. greatness, augustness, exaltedness, peerlessness. 2. imposing size, majesty, ulum (.—) obs. sciences, uluma howling (of a dog, wolf, etc.). ulumak (for a dog, wolf, etc.) to howl, uluorta (./..) colloq. 1. rashly, recklessly, without thinking. 2. openly, for all to hear, ulus nation.
                                                              ulusal national, pertaining to a nation. — banka national bank. — bayram national holiday.
    —  egemenlik national sovereignty. — gelir national income. — marş national anthem.
    —      para birimi national monetary unit, ulusalcı 1. (a) nationalist. 2. nationalist, nationalistic.
ulusalcılık nationalism.
ulusallaşma acquiring a distinctively national/ nationalistic tone, ulusallaşmak to acquire a distinctively national/nationalistic tone, ulusallaştırma /ı/ 1. nationalizing, nationalization. 2. causing (s.t.) to acquire a distinctively national/nationalistic tone, ulusallaştırmak /ı/ 1. to nationalize. 2. to cause
    (s.t.) to acquire a distinctively national/nationalistic tone, ulusallık national quality/character, nationality, ulusçu 1. (a) nationalist. 2. nationalist, nationalistic, ulusçuluk nationalism.
uluslararası, -m (../...) international. — hukuk international law. U— Para Fonu the International Monetary Fund. U— Standart Kitap Numarası International Standard Book Number.
uluslararası» (../....) 1. (an) internationalist. 2.
    internationalist, internationalistic. uluslararasıcılık (../.....) internationalism, uluslaşma becoming a nation, uluslaşmak to become a nation, uluslaştırma /ı/ making (people/a country) into a nation.
uluslaştırmak /ı/ to make (people/a country) into a nation, ulussever 1. (a) patriot. 2. patriotic, ulusseverlik patriotism, ulüv, -vvü obs. loftiness, sublimity. — vü cenap magnanimity, ulvi (.—) lofty, sublime, exalted, ulviyet, -ti obs. loftiness, sublimity, exaltedness, umacı boogeyman, bogeyman, ogre. — gibi colloq. frighteningly ugly, hideous, umar solution, remedy, umarsız hopeless; insoluble, umarsızlık hopelessness; insolubility, umde obs. principle, umk, -ku obs. depth; depths, ummadık (/..) unexpected, unhoped-for. — taş baş yarar, proverb, see Ummadığın taş baş yarar.
ummak /ı/ 1. to hope; to hope for. 2. to expect. Ummadığın taş baş yarar, proverb A seemingly insignificant person/thing often proves to be more important than all the rest. Umman (/.) 1. Oman. 2. Omani, of Oman, umman ocean.
Ummanli (/..) 1. (an) Omani. 2. Omani (person).
umran obs., see ümran, umu hope; expectation. — vermek /a/ to give hope to; to raise (s.o.’s) expectations, umulma 1. being hoped; being hoped for. 2.
    being expected, umulmadık (./..) unexpected, unhoped-for. umulmak 1. to be hoped; to be hoped for. 2. to be expected, umum 1. all. 2. the public, —a açık/mahsus open to the public, open to all. — müdür 1. general director. 2. slang fat student, fatso, umumhane (..— .) obs. brothel, umumi (.—.) 1. general, common. 2. public, pertaining to the public. — efkâr obs. public opinion. — harp obs. world war. — heyet obs. general assembly. — hıfzıssıhha obs. public health. — hukuk common law. — müfettiş obs. inspector general, umumiyet, -ti (.— ..) generality, generalness.
umumiyetle
901
Uruguay
   —      itibariyle on the whole, in general, generally, for the most part, umumiyetle           generally, in general, on the
   whole, usually, umur (.—) affairs, matters. — umda değil, colloq. I don’t care. — etmek hi to make a fuss over (s.t.). — etmemek l\l not to trouble about (s.t.). — görmüş experienced, —umun teki! colloq. It’s nothing to me. umursama fil being concerned about, considering (s.o./s.t.) important, umursamak hi to be concerned about, consider (s.o./s.t.) important, umursamazlık indifference, unconcern, umursanma being considered important, being a matter for concern, umursanmak to be considered important, be a matter for concern, umut 1. hope. 2. expectation, —a düşmek to be hopeful. — etmek hi 1. to hope. 2. to expect. — fakirin/garibin ekmeğidir, proverb It’s the hope of success that keeps a poor person going. —unu kesmek to give up hope, abandon hope; /dan/ to cease to hope that (s.o. will do s.t.); /dan/ to cease to hope that (s.t. will happen). — unu kırmak /in/ colloq. to dash/frustrate (s.o.’s) hopes, —lari suya düşmek colloq. for one’s hopes to be disappointed/dashed/frustrated. — vermek /a/ to inspire (s.o.) with hope; to give (s.o.) cause to hope, umutlandırma hi giving hope to. umutlandırmak hi to give hope to. umutlanma beginning to hope, becoming hopeful.
umutlanmak to begin to hope, become hopeful, umutlu hopeful, umutluluk hopefulness, umutsuz hopeless, umutsuzluk hopelessness, un flour, —a bulamak hi to dip (a food) in flour, flour. — unu elemiş, eleğini asmış. colloq. He’s/She’s done about all the useful work he’ll/she’ll ever do. — helvası a sweet prepared with flour, butter, and sugar. — kurabiyesi a cookie somewhat resembling shortbread. — ufak etmek hi colloq. to turn/ grind (s.t.) to a powder. — ufak olmak colloq. to turn to powder, unböceği, -ni (/...) zool. mealworm, yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor. uncu flour seller, unculuk the flour business, undurma hi see ondurma, undurmak III see ondurmak, ungüvesi, -ni (/...) zool. flour moth, Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella. unk, -ku obs. neck.
unlama hi dredging/sprinkling with flour; dipping in flour; flouring, unlamak hi to dredge/sprinkle with flour; to dip in flour; to flour, unlanma being dredged/sprinkled with flour;
   being dipped in flour; being floured, unlanmak to be dredged/sprinkled with flour;
   to be dipped in flour; to be floured, unlu 1. (food) made with flour. 2. floury, covered with flour, unluk 1. especially suited for making flour. 2.
   flour bin (in a mill), unmadik'(/..) see onmadık, unmak see onmak, unmaz see onmaz, unsur element, component, unulmak impersonal passive, see onulmak, unulmaz see onulmaz, unutkan forgetful, unutkanlık forgetfulness, unutma lıl 1. forgetting. 2. leaving (s.t.) (behind).
unutmabeni (./...) bot. forget-me-not, Myosotis. unutmak hi 1. to forget. 2. to leave (s.t.) (behind).
unutturma /i, a/ causing (s.o.) to forget (s.o./
   S.t.).
 unutturmak /i, a/ to cause (s.o.) to forget (s.o./ s.t.).
 unutulma 1. being forgotten. 2. being left (behind).
 unutulmak 1. to be forgotten. 2. to be left (behind).
 unvan 1. title (of rank/dignity). 2. law name (of a business/a firm). — satmak colloq. to put on airs.
 upuygun (/..) colloq. very suitable, entirely appropriate.
upuzun (/..) colloq. 1. very long; very tall. 2.
   at full length, ur 1. path, tumor; wen, cyst. 2. bot. gall, urağan hurricane.
 Ural (/.) Ural, Uralian, Uralic. — Dağları the Ural Mountains. — dilleri the Uralic languages, Uralic (a language group comprising Finno-Ugric and the Samoyed languages). Ural-Altay (/. /.) Ural-Altaic. — dilleri the Ural-Altaic languages, Ural-Altaic (a language group comprising the Uralic and Altaic languages), uran industry.
Uranus (./.) astr. Uranus, uranyum (./.) chem. uranium. — nitrat uranium nitrate, uranyl nitrate, urba prov. piece of clothing, garment.
Urban Bedouins, Bedouin, nomadic Arabs, urbanist, -ti city planner, urbanist, urbanizm city planning, urbanism, urbilim (/..) oncology.
 Urduca (./.) 1. Urdu, the Urdu language. 2. %(speaking/writing) in Urdu, Urdu. 3. Urdu (speech/writing); spoken in Urdu; written in Urdu.
urgan thin hawser, rope, urlu path, tumorous; cystic, containing a cyst, urmak, -ur /a/ archaic to hit, strike, uruba prov., see urba.
Uruguay (./..) 1. Uruguay. 2. Uruguayan, Uru-
UruguaylI
 902
usulsüz
   guay, of Uruguay.
UruguaylI (./...) 1. (an) Uruguayan. 2. Uruguayan (person), uruk clan (a division of a tribe), urup one eighth of an arşın (about 9 cm.), us reason, intelligence, —a aykırı irrational, —a aykırılık irrationality. — u gitmek colloq. to lose one’s mind. — pahası colloq. the price one pays for making a mistake. — sayrılığı mental disease. — sayrılıkları evi mental hospital; mental home, —a vurma h! see usa vurma, —a vurmak hi see usa-vurmak. —a yatkm colloq. reasonable, sensible.
usanç boredom. — gelmek /dan/ to be bored (by). — getirmek to get bored. — vermek /a/ to bore (s.o.). usandırıcı boring, tedious, usandırma hi boring (s.o.). usandırmak hi to bore (s.o.). usanılma /dan/ getting bored (by/with), getting tired (of).
usanılmak /dan/ impersonal passive to get bored (by/with), get tired (of), usanma /dan/ getting bored (by/with), getting tired (of).
usanmak /dan/ to get bored (by/with), get tired (of).
usare (.—.) bot. sap; juice, usavurma (./..) Ill thinking (s.t.) through, reasoning (s.t.) out. usavurmak (./..) Ill to think (s.t.) through, reason (s.t.) out. usçu phil. 1. (a) rationalist. 2. rationalistic, usçuluk phil. rationalism, usdışı, -m (/..) irrational, usdışılık (.'...) irrationalism, uskumru (./.) 1. zool. mackerel, Scomber scom-brus. 2. slang gigolo, uskumrugiller (./...) zool. Scombridae. uskuna (./.) naut., see ıskuna, uskur naut. screw, propeller, uskuru 1. screw thread. 2. worm screw, uskut slang Quiet!/Shut up!/Stop that! uskutlama slang shutting up, getting quiet, uskutlamak slang to shut up, get quiet, uslamlama hi thinking (s.t.) through, reasoning (s.t.) out.
uslamlamak hi to think (s.t.) through, reason (s.t.) out. uslanma becoming well-behaved, uslanmak to become well-behaved, uslu 1. well-behaved, good (child). 2. quiet (horse). — akıllı colloq. sober-minded, quiet, steady. — durmak/oturmak to sit still, keep quiet.
usluluk good behavior, quietness, ussal mental, pertaining to the mind, rational, ussallaştırma hi making (s.t.) rational, rationalization.
ussallaştırmak hi to make (s.t.) rational, rationalize, ussallık rationality.
usta 1. master (of a trade/a craft); master workman, skilled workman. 2. skilled; clever; expert. —mm adı Hıdır, elimden gelen budur. colloq., see Babamın adı Hıdır, elimden gelen budur. —nın çekici bin altın, proverb Even the slightest bit of work done by an expert is valuable. — işi work of a master; masterly work of art. ustabaşı, -m (./..) foreman, head workman, ustaca (./.) skillfully, ustalaşma becoming skilled, ustalaşmak to become skilled, ustalık 1. mastery (of a trade/a craft). 2. rank of a master workman. 3. skill, proficiency, expertise. 4. masterstroke, ustalıkla (../.) skillfully, with great skill, expertly.
ustalıklı skillfully made, ustuka stucco.
ustukaci stuccoer, stuccoworker, person who does stuccoing or stuccowork, ustunç portable case containing a set of surgical instruments, ustura (/..) 1. straight razor. 2. slang strong, potent (drink). 3. slang lie, whopper. — çalıştırmak slang to tell lies, tell whoppers.
   —   taşı whetstone. — tutunmak to shave off unwanted hair (as the hair in one’s armpits or on one’s neck, but not the hair on one’s head).
usturaci (/...) 1. maker/seller of straight razors. 2. slang habitual liar.
usturagagalıkuş (.'.......) zool. razorbill, razor
   -billed auk, Alca torda.
usturamidyesi, -ni (/........) zool. razor clam,
                                            Solenidae. usturlap astrolabe.
usturmaça (../.) naut. fender, pudding, usturpa (./.) a kind of whip, usturuplu colloq. clever, cleverly constructed (reply).
’usul, -lü 1. method, system, procedure, way.
   2.     classical Turk. mus. rhythmic pattern, rule which regulates the metric structure of a composition. — ü dairesinde properly, in the proper way. —üne göre in a proper fashion, properly. — hukuku law of procedure. — tutmak classical Turk. mus. to beat time. — ve adap proper way, proper procedure. 2usul, -lü (.—) obs. ancestors, forebears.
3usul used in: — usul colloq. slowly and softly; quietly.
usulca (./.) colloq. slowly and softly; quietly, usulcacık (./..) colloq. very slowly and softly;
   very quietly, usulen (.—.) properly, in the proper way. usuletle (.—..) obs. slowly and gently; quietly, usuliyat, -ti (.— ..) obs. methodology, usulsüz 1. marked by a lack of method. 2. improperly done, not done according to the rules, not done according to Hoyle. 3. unmethodically. 4. improperly, in an improper way.
usulsüzlük
 903
uyarlama
usulsüzlük 1. lack of method. 2. infraction of rules, irregularity, uşak 1. manservant. 2. man (from a stated region): Karadeniz uşağı a man from the Black Sea region. 3. boy; youth. —ı işe koş, sen de ardına d üş. proverb If you ask a child to do a job for you, you’d better supervise him fairly closely; otherwise he’ll probably make a botch of it. uşakkapan zool. bearded vulture, lammergeier, Gypaetus barbatus aureus. uşaklık 1. being a manservant. 2. boyhood, youth. 3. colloq. degrading task. — etmek /a/ colloq. to serve (s.o.) slavishly, uşkun prov., bot. common rhubarb, Rheum rha-ponticum.
uşşak, -ki classical Turk. mus. a makam.
*ut mus. lute.
2ut shame; modesty. — yeri private part (external genital/excretory organ); breast, mammary gland (of a woman), utaçıcı (/...) psych. 1. (an) exhibitionist. 2. exhibitionist, exhibitionistic. utaçıcılık (/....) psych, exhibitionism, utaçımı, -m (/...) psych., see utaçıcılık. utanç shame; modesty. —ından yerin dibine/ yere geçmek colloq. to feel mortified, feel very ashamed, want to go through the floor, utandırıcı shameful, disgraceful, utandırma /ı/ shaming, making (s.o.) feel ashamed.
utandırmak hi to shame, make (s.o.) feel ashamed.
utangaç 1. bashful, shy. 2. shamefaced, sheepish.
utangaçlık 1. bashfulness, shyness. 2. shamefacedness, sheepishness, utanma 1. being ashamed, feeling ashamed. 2. being shy, being bashful. 3. /dan or a/ feeling too ashamed to (do s.t.). 4. /dan or a/ being too shy to (do s.t.). — pazar, dostluğu/mideyi bozar, proverb If a bargain made between friends does not involve a full and frank discussion of the terms involved, misunderstandings which may break up the friendship are likely to arise, utanmak 1. to be ashamed, feel ashamed. 2. to be shy, be bashful. 3. /dan or a/ to feel too ashamed to (do s.t.). 4. /dan or a/ to be too shy to (do s.t.). Utananın oğlu kızı olmamış. proverb, see Üşenenin oğlu kızı olmamış, utanmaz shameless, brazen, utanmazlık shamelessness, brazenness.
Utarit (.—.) astr. Mercury, utçu 1. maker/seller of lutes. 2. lute player, lutist, lutanist. uterus anat. uterus, utku victory; triumph, utkulu victorious; triumphant, utma hi archaic 1. defeating; winning. 2. beating (s.o.) (in a game), utmak hi archaic 1. to defeat; to win. 2. to beat (s.o.) (in a game).
utulma archaic 1. /a/ being defeated (by). 2.
    being beaten (in a game), utulmak archaic 1. /a/ to be defeated (by). 2.
    to be beaten (in a game), uvertür mus. overture, uvunma prov. 1. fainting. 2. feeling faint, uvunmak prov. 1. to faint. 2. to feel faint, uyak poet, rhyme, uyaklı poet, rhymed, rhyming, uyaklılık poet, being rhymed, uyaksız poet, unrhymed, blank (verse), uyaksızlık poet, lack of rhyme, uyandırma hi 1. wakening, waking (s.o.) up, awakening, arousing, rousing. 2. awakening, exciting, arousing (a feeling/a thought) (in s.o.). 3. colloq. making (s.o.) aware of what’s really going on, removing the scales from (s.o.’s) eyes. 4. making (a dying fire) start burning brightly, uyandırmak hi 1. to waken, wake (s.o.) up, awaken, arouse, rouse. 2. to awaken, excite, arouse (a feeling/a thought) (in s.o.). 3. colloq. to make (s.o.) aware of what’s really going on, remove the scales from (s.o.’s) eyes. 4. to make (a dying fire) start burning brightly.
uyanık 1. awake, wakeful. 2. alert, watchful, vigilant, wide-awake, on the qui vive. 3. colloq. keenly attentive to one’s own interest, sharp, wide-awake, uyanıklık 1. wakefulness. 2. alertness, watchfulness, vigilance. 3. colloq. keen attention to one’s own interest, sharpness, uyanış awakening.
                                                            uyanma 1. waking, waking up, awakening, wakening. 2. arising (of a feeling/a thought) (in s.o.). 3. colloq. becoming aware of what’s really going on. uyanmak 1. to wake, wake up, awaken, waken.
    2. (for a feeling/a thought) to arise (in s.o.).
    3. colloq. to become aware of what’s really going on, for the scales to fall from one’s eyes.
uyarı 1. warning. 2. stimulus. — sistemi alarm system.
uyarıcı 1. warning, admonitory. 2. stimulative, stimulatory, excitant, uyanlgan biol., psych, excitable, capable of being stimulated, uyanlganlik biol., psych, excitability, uyarılma 1. colloq. being awakened, being aroused. 2. being stimulated. 3. being warned.
uyarılmak 1. colloq. to be awakened, be aroused. 2. to be stimulated. 3. to be warned, uyarım stimulation.
uyarınca (...'.) in accordance with: kanun uyarınca in accordance with the law. uyarlaç mech. adapter, adaptor, uyarlama 1. adaptation. 2. /i, a/ adapting/modifying (s.t.) to suit the requirements of. 3. /i, a/ causing (a plant/an animal) to adapt itself to. — eser lit. (an) adaptation.
 uyarlamak                                        904
uyarlamak /ı, a/ 1. to adapt/modify (s.t.) to suit the requirements of. 2. to cause (a plant/an animal) to adapt itself to. uyarlanma /a/ 1. being adapted/modified (for).
   2. (of a plant/an animal) being made to adapt to.
uyarlanmak /a/ 1. to be adapted/modified (for). 2. (for a plant/an animal) to be made to adapt to.
uyarlayıcı adapter, adaptor, person who makes adaptations (for the stage, screen, etc.). uyarlık conformity.
uyarma /if 1. warning (s.o.). 2. stimulating. 3.
   prov. waking (s.o.) up, awakening, uyarmak fif 1. to warn (s.o.). 2. to stimulate.
   3.    prov. to wake (s.o.) up, awaken, uyarsız nonconformist, nonconforming, uyartı 1. warning. 2. stimulation. 3. stimulus, uydu satellite. — anten satellite dish. — devlet
   pol. satellite state. — dişli dizgesi mech. planetary gear, planet gear, planet differential. — kent satellite town. — televizyon satellite television, uyducu 1. person who favors making his/her country the satellite of a more powerful state. 2. person who favors acquiring political satellites.
uydulaşma satellization, becoming a satellite nation.
uydulaşmak to become a satellite nation, uydtama 1. /i, a/ making (one thing) fit (another). 2. fif making up, inventing, dreaming up, concocting. 3. hf managing somehow to scrape up, managing somehow to come up with. 4. hf slang ^screwing, laying, having sex with. 5. made-up, fabricated, invented, uydurmak 1. /ı, a/ to make (one thing) fit (another). 2. fit to make up, invent, dream up, concoct. 3. hi to manage somehow to scrape up, manage somehow to come up with. 4. hi slang to *screw, lay, have sex with, uydurmasyon slang 1. invention, fabrication, concoction; bull, *bullshit. 2. invented, made -up, fabricated, uydurmasyoncu slang bull-shooter, *bullshitter. uydurmasyonculuk slang bull-shooting, bullshitting.
uyduruk colloq. made-up, invented, fabricated, uydurukçu colloq. bull-shooter, *bullshitter. uydurulma 1. /a/ (of one thing) being fit to (another), being made to fit (another). 2. being made up, being invented, being dreamed up, being concocted, uydurulmak 1. /a/ (for one thing) to be fit to (another), be made to fit (another). 2. to be made up, be invented, be dreamed up, be concocted, uygar civilized.
uygarlaşma becoming civilized.
uygarlaşmak to become civilized.
uygarlık civilization.
uygu phil. correspondence.
uygulama 1. application. 2. /i/ carrying out, ap-
                                                                                                 uyku
   plying, putting (a plan/a law) into practice.
   3. /i, a/ superimposing (one thing) on (another).
uygulamak 1. Ill to carry out, apply, put (a plan/ a law) into practice. 2. /i, a/ to superimpose (one thing) on (another), uygulamalı practical, applied: uygulamalı bilimler applied sciences, uygulamalı dilbilim applied linguistics, uygulamalı ruh-bilim applied psychology, uygulamalı toplumbilim applied sociology, uygulaman technician, uygulanabilir feasible, practicable, uygulanabilirlik feasibility, practicability, uygulanma 1. being carried out, being applied, being put into practice. 2. /a/ being superimposed (upon), uygulanmak 1. to be carried out, be applied, be put into practice. 2. /a/ to be superimposed (upon).
uygulayıcı person who puts something into practice.
uygulayım 1. application. 2. technique, uygulayimbilim (.../..) technology, uygulayimbilimsel (.../...) technological, technologic.
uygulayımcı 1. technician. 2. technologist.
uygulayimcierki, -ni (....technocracy.
uygun 1. /a/ appropriate (for), suitable (for); suited (to); fitting, seemly. 2. convenient, suited to one’s needs/situation; favorable. 3. nicely proportioned, harmonious. — bulmak hi to approve, find (s.t.) acceptable. — düşmek/gelmek to be suitable, suit. — görmek III to approve, find (s.t.) acceptable. — katmanlaşma geol. conformable stratification, uygunluk 1. appropriateness, suitability; fittingness, seemliness. 2. convenience; favorableness. 3. harmoniousness. 4. gram, agreement, uygunsuz 1. inappropriate, unsuitable; unfitting, unseemly. 2. objectionable, dishonest; discreditable. — kadm prostitute. — vaziyette (catching s.o.) in a compromising situation, in flagrante delicto, flagrante delicto, uygunsuzluk 1. inappropriateness, unsuitableness; unfittingness, unseemliness. 2. objectionableness; dishonesty; discreditability. 3. objectionable/dishonest/discreditable action. Uygur 1. (an) Uighur. 2. Uighur, of the Uighurs. Uygurca (./.) 1. Uighur, the Uighur language.
   2.     (speaking/writing) in Uighur, Uighur. 3. Uighur (speech/writing); spoken in Uighur; written in Uighur. uyku 1. sleep. 2. sleepiness, drowsiness, —su açılmak colloq. to become fully awake, —sunu açmak Im/ colloq. to drive away (s.o.’s) sleepiness. — su ağır colloq. heavy sleeper, —sunu almak colloq. to have a good night’s sleep, sleep well. — basmak/ bastırmak /a/ colloq. suddenly to feel very sleepy. — su başına vurmak (— beynine sıçramak) colloq. 1. to feel logy because of lack of sleep. 2. to be short-tempered owing
uykucu
   to lack of sleep. —su bölünmek colloq. for (one’s) sleep to be interrupted. — çekmek colloq. to sleep a long time; to sleep deeply.
   —su dağılmak colloq. to become fully awake. — ya dalmak colloq. 1. to fall asleep; to doze off. 2. to stop paying attention to what is going on around one. — durak colloq. chance to rest, chance to catch one’s breath, breathing spell; moment’s peace: Bende uyku durak bırakmamıştın. You didn’t give me a moment’s peace. — su gelmek to feel sleepy. — gözünden akmak colloq. to be very sleepy, be unable to keep one’s eyes open. — su hafif colloq. (s.o.) who is a light sleeper. — hastalığı sleeping sickness. — ilacı (a) soporific, sleep-inducing drug; sleeping pill(s). —su kaçmak colloq.
   1. to be unable to get to sleep. 2. to be worried, lose sleep, —dan kalkmak to wake up and get out of bed. —da olmak colloq. 1. to be unaware of what’s going on. 2. (for a job/a matter) to be on ice for the time being; (for a job/a matter) to be hanging fire. — sersemliği colloq. sleepy feeling, grogginess, loginess. — tulumu 1. sleeping bag. 2. colloq. person who sleeps a lot, great sleeper.
   —     tutmamak l\l colloq. to be unable to go to sleep. — uykunun mayasıdır, proverb The more you sleep, the sleepier you get./ Sleep begets more sleep. — m var. I’m sleepy ./I feel sleepy. — vermek to make a person feel sleepy. — ya yatmak to go to bed (in order to sleep). — zamanı bedtime, time to go to sleep, uykucu colloq. 1. fond of sleeping. 2. great sleeper.
uykuculuk colloq. being a great sleeper, uykulu sleepy. — uykulu colloq. sleepily, uykuluk 1. butchery sweetbread, stomach sweetbread, pancreas. 2. butchery sweetbread, neck sweetbread, thymus. 3. dirt that gathers between the fingers and in the palms of a baby not yet able to crawl/walk, uykusuz sleepless. — kalmak not to have had any sleep.
uykusuzluk lack of sleep; sleeplessness; insomnia.
uykutulumu, -nu (./...) sleeping bag. uylaşım phil. convention, uyluk anat. thigh. — kemiği anat., see uyluk-kemiği.
uylukkemiği, -ni (./...) anat. thighbone, femur, uyma /a/ 1. fitting, being the right size and shape for- 2. suiting. 3. matching, looking good with, harmonizing with. 4. conforming to, complying with; conforming to (s.o.’s) wishes, falling in line with, falling in with.
   5.    adapting (to), adjusting (to), uymak /a/ 1. to fit, be the right size and shape for. 2. to suit: Bu fiyat hesabıma uyuyor. This price suits my pocketbook. 3. to match, look good with, harmonize with. 4. to conform to, comply with; to conform to (s.o.’s)
905                                        uyuşmazlık
        wishes, fall in line with, fall in with. 5. to adapt (to), adjust (to), uyruk citizen; subject.
     uyruklu (s.o.) who is a citizen/a subject of (a certain country), uyrukluk citizenship, uysal complaisant, compliant, docile, uysallaşma becoming complaisant/compliant/ docile.
     uysallaşmak to become complaisant, become compliant, become docile, uysallık 1. complaisance, compliance, docility.
        2.    docile behavior, uyuklama dozing, dozing off. uyuklamak to doze, doze off.
     uyum 1. harmony. 2. med. accommodation (of the eye). 3. adaptation, uyuma 1. sleeping; going to sleep. 2. colloq. being unaware of what’s going on. 3. colloq. (of a job/a matter) being on ice for the time being; (of a job/a matter) hanging fire, uyumak 1. to sleep; to go to sleep. 2. colloq. to be unaware of what’s going on. 3. colloq. (for a job/a matter) to be on ice for the time being; (for a job/a matter) to hang fire. Uyuyan yılanın kuyruğuna basma, proverb Let sleeping dogs lie. uyumlu 1. harmonious. 2. amicable, congenial.
         3. psych, well-adjusted. 4. comp, compatible.
         —  akarsu geol. consequent stream. — yapı geol. concordant structure.
      uyumluluk 1. harmony. 2. amicableness, congeniality. 3. psych, proper state of adjustment.
         4. comp, compatibility.
      uyumsuz 1. inharmonious. 2. not amicable, uncongenial. 3. psych, maladjusted. 4. comp. incompatible. — yapı geol. discordant structure.
     uyumsuzluk 1. lack of harmony, inharmoniousness. 2. lack of amicableness, uncongeniality. 3. psych, maladjustment. 4. comp. incompatibility, uyunmak impersonal passive to sleep, uyuntu lethargic, sluggish, uyur 1. sleeping. 2. still (water). — uyanık colloq. half-asleep, half-awake. — yılan colloq. snake in the grass, uyurgezen see uyurgezer, uyurgezer 1. sleepwalker, somnambulist. 2.
        somnambulistic, uyurgezerlik sleepwalking, somnambulism, uyuşkan amicable, congenial, agreeable. Uyuşma 1. getting numb; going to sleep. 2. relaxing completely.
     2uyuşma 1. getting along with each other. 2. reaching an agreement/an understanding; /da/ coming to terms at (a certain price). Uyuşmak 1. to get numb; to go to sleep. 2. to relax completely.
     2uyuşmak 1. to get along with each other. 2. to reach an agreement/an understanding; /da/ to come to terms at (a certain price), uyuşmazlık 1. disagreement; conflict. 2. incom-
 uyuşturanbalığı
   patibility.
uyuşturanbalığı, -m (.../...) zool. electric ray, crampfish, Torpedo torpedo.
’uyuşturma /ı/ 1. causing (a limb) to go to sleep; numbing. 2. anesthetizing (an area) locally. 3. narcotizing. 4. making (s.o.) lethargic.
2uyuşturma h/ causing (people) to come to an agreement.
’uyuşturmak /ı/ 1. to cause (a limb) to go to sleep; to numb. 2. to anesthetize (an area) locally. 3. to narcotize. 4. to make (s.o.) lethargic.
2uyuşturmak hi to cause (people) to come to an agreement, uyuşturucu 1. narcotic/anesthetic/soporific (agent). 2. (a) narcotic, drug. — bağımlısı drug addict, uyuşuk 1. numb. 2. sluggish, lethargic, uyuşukluk 1. numbness. 2. sluggishness, lethargy.
                                                      uyuşum harmony, harmonizing, agreement, uyuşumsuz discordant, inharmonious, uyutma /ı/ 1. putting (s.o.) to sleep, causing (s.o.) to sleep. 2. alleviating, assuaging. 3. colloq. beguiling, deceiving, hoodwinking, fooling, pulling the wool over (s.o.’s) eyes.
   4.    hypnotizing, uyutmaca hypnotism.
uyutmak hi 1. to put (s.o.) to sleep, cause (s.o.) to sjeep. 2. to alleviate, assuage. 3. colloq. to beguile, deceive, hoodwink, fool, pull the wool over (s.o.’s) eyes. 4. to hypnotize, uyutucu soporific (agent), uyutulma 1. being put to sleep. 2. being alleviated, being assuaged. 3. colloq. being beguiled/deceived/hoodwinked/fooled, having the wool pulled over one’s eyes. 4. being hypnotized.
uyutulmak 1. to be put to sleep. 2. to be alleviated, be assuaged. 3. colloq. to be beguiled, be deceived, be hoodwinked, be fooled, have the wool pulled over one’s eyes. 4. to be hypnotized, uyutum hypnosis.
uyuz 1. the itch, scabies; mange (in dogs); scab (in battle). 2. itchy; scabious, scabietic, sca-betic; mangy; scabby. 3. colloq. ratty-looking, mangy-looking, moth-eaten. 4. slang penniless, flat broke. 5. slang incompetent. — olmak 1. to get the itch/scabies/the mange/the scab. 2. slang to become penniless, go broke, go bust. 3. slang to get very angry, blow one.’s stack.
uyuzböceği, -ni (./...) zool. itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei.
uyuzböcekleri, -ni (./....) zool. Sarcoptidae. uyuzlaşma 1. (of an animal) getting mangy -looking. 2. colloq. (of a person) getting scruffy-looking, taking no care of his/her appearance, letting himself/herself go. 3. slang getting incompetent, uyuzlaşmak 1. (for an animal) to get mangy
 906                                             uzaklık
   -looking. 2. colloq. (for s.o.) to get scruffy -looking, take no care of his/her appearance, let himself/herself go. 3. slang to get incompetent.
uyuzotu, -nu (./..) bot. scabious, Scabiosa. uyuzsineği, -ni (./...) zool. tiger beetle, Cicin-dela campestris. uz able, skillful, clever, uzadevim (./..) telekinesis, uzaduyum (./..) telepathy, uzak 1. distant, remote, far, faraway, far-off.
   2.  /dan/ (s.o./s.t.) who/which has nothing to do with, who/which has no connection with. 3. /dan/ (s.o.) who has no talent at all for; (s.o.) who is unable to (do s.t.). 4. unlikely, improbable. 5. distance. 6. at a distance, faraway, —tan akraba distant relative. —tan bakmak /a/ colloq. to remain an observer of, survey (s.t.) from the sidelines.
   —   durmak /dan/ to stay away from, (birbirinden/birbirlerinden) — düşmek colloq. to be far from one another, —tan erişim comp, remote access, —lara gitmek colloq. to get off the subject. — ı görmek colloq. to be able to foresee what will happen, be able to see the future, —tan güdüm/kumanda remote control, —tan merhaba colloq. nodding acquaintanceship: Bizim uzaktan merhabamız var. We’re on speaking terms with each other, but no more than that, —tan uzağa colloq. 1. very distant. 2. from a great distance, from faraway. — yerin salığını kervan getirir, proverb If you want reliable news about a distant place or a person who lives faraway, you should consult someone who has actually been to that place or seen that person.
uzakça somewhat distant, uzakçeker telephoto lens, telephoto, teleobjective, telelens.
                                                          Uzakdoğu (./..) 1. the Far East. 2. Far Eastern, uzakgörüş (./..) farsight, foresight, prescience, uzakgörüşlü (./...) farsighted, farseeing, foresighted, prescient, uzakgörüşlülük (./....) farsightedness, foresightedness, being farsighted/foresighted, uzaklaşma 1. /dan/ leaving, going away from; quitting. 2. growing distant, becoming distant, fading into the distance; receding, diminishing. 3. /dan/ becoming a stranger to, coming to have little in common with. 4. /dan/ avoiding having contact with, uzaklaşmak 1. /dan/ to leave, go away from; to quit. 2. to grow distant, become distant, fade into the distance; to recede, diminish.
   3.  /dan/ to become a stranger to, come to have little in common with. 4. /dan/ to avoid having contact with.
uzaklaştırma /i, dan/ taking (s.o./s.t.) away (from), removing (s.o./s.t.) from, uzaklaştırmak /i, dan/ to take (s.o./s.t.) away (from), remove (s.o./s.t.) from, uzaklık 1. distance, remoteness. 2. distance,
uzaklıkölçer
 907
uzunçalar
     space, interval, uzaklıkölçer         telemeter,
 uzaksama 111 1. regarding (a place) as faraway/ remote. 2. considering (s.t.) unlikely to happen.
 uzaksamak III 1. to regard (a place) as faraway/remote. 2. to consider (s.t.) unlikely to happen.
 uzam extent, scope, compass, size, uzama 1. getting longer. 2. going on lingering-ly, dragging on. 3. extending, continuing, stretching.
 uzamak 1. to get longer. 2. to go on lingeringly, drag on. 3. to extend, continue, stretch, uzambilgisel (./...) geometric, uzambilgisi, -ni          geometry,
 uzanılma 1. lying down. 2. /a/ going (to). 3.
     reaching out. uzanılmak impersonal passive 1. to lie down.
     2. /a/ to go (to). 3. to reach out. uzanım 1. phys. amplitude. 2. astr. elongation (of an inferior planet), uzanma /a/ 1. lying down on, stretching out on. 2. going to, going over to (a place). 3. reaching over to, stretching one’s arm to; stretching one’s body towards. 4. reaching to, extending as far as. uzanmak /a/ 1. to lie down on, stretch out on. 2. to go to, go over to (a place). 3. to reach over to, stretch one’s arm to; to stretch one’s body towards. 4. to reach to, extend as far as.
 uzantı 1. extension, extended part. 2. prolongation.
 uzatım prolongation, extension, uzatma 1. hi lengthening. 2. hi letting (s.t.) grow long. 3. hi extending. 4. Ill holding out, extending, proffering. 5. hi stretching (a cord) (between two places). 6. Ill prolonging, dragging (s.t.) out. 7. Ill giving, sending. 8. fishnet one end of which is secured to the shore while it is in use. — işareti/imi gram, circumflex, circumflex accent. — kablosu/kor-donu extension cord, uzatmak III 1. to lengthen. 2. to let (s.t.) grow long. 3. to extend. 4. to hold out, extend, proffer. 5. to stretch (a cord) (between two places). 6. to prolong, drag (s.t.) out. 7. to give, send.
                                                          . uzatmalı (s.o.) whose period of employment/ service has been extended, uzay space; outer space. — adamı astronaut, spaceman. — gemisi spaceship. — geometri solid geometry. — kapsülü space capsule.
     —   mekiği space shuttle. ■— uçuşu space flight.
 uzaycı 1. astronaut. 2. astronautical engineer, uzaycılık astronautics, uzçektirim (/...) telex, uzgörür (/..) see uzakgörüşlü. uzgörürlük (/...) see uzakgörüşlülük. uziletişim (/....) telecommunication, telecommunications.
uzlaşı 1. reaching an understanding; reconciliation of differences. 2. phil. convention, uzlaşıcı 1. conciliationist; conciliator. 2. conciliatory, conciliative. 3. phil. (a) conventionalist. 4. phil. conventionalist, conventionalism.
uzlaşıcılık 1. conciliationism. 2. conciliatori-ness. 3. phil. conventionalism, uzlaşılmak impersonal passive to come to an agreement; to reach an understanding; to reconcile differences, uzlaşım 1. reaching an understanding; reconciliation of differences. 2. phil. convention, uzlaşma reaching an understanding; reconciliation of differences. — ya varmak to come to an understanding; to reconcile (their) differences.
uzlaşmak (for people) to come to an agreement, reach an understanding, or reconcile their differences.
uzlaşmalı (people) who have reached an understanding or reconciled their differences, uzlaşmazlık unwillingness to come to an agreement.
uzlaştırıcı conciliatory; III (s.o./s.t.) who/which reconciles (people), uzlaştırma III 1. reconciling, reconciliation. 2.
    syncretizing. uzlaştırmak III 1. to reconcile. 2. to syncretize. uzlet, -ti obs. isolation; solitude, uzluk mastery, command, expertise, uzman 1. expert. 2. specialist, uzmanlaşma 1. becoming an expert. 2. becoming a specialist; specialization, uzmanlaşmak 1. to become an expert. 2. to become a specialist; to specialize, uzmanlık 1. being an expert; expertise. 2. being a specialist; specialty, uzun 1. long; lengthy. 2. tall. 3. for a long time, a long time; at length. — araç long vehicle.
    —  atlama sports broad jump, long jump.
    —  boylu 1. tall (person). 2. colloq. at length; in detail. — etmek colloq. 1. to hold forth at great length. 2. to drag out a conversation needlessly. 3. to beat around the bush. 4. to act unwilling. — hava Turk, folk mus. a long piece of music which lacks a set rhythmic pattern. — hayvan colloq. snake. — hece gram, long syllable. — hikâye colloq. matter which requires a long explanation, involved affair. — kulaklı colloq. donkey, ass.
    —  lafın kısası colloq. the long and short of it, in short. — oturmak colloq. to sprawl, sit with one’s legs outstretched. — uzadıya/ uzun colloq. at great length, in great detail.
    —  ünlü phon. long vowel. — vadede in the long run. — vadeli long-term.
uzunbacakligiller (./.....) zool. Tarsiidae. uzunbacaklilar (./....) zool. Gruiformes. uzunca 1. rather long; rather lengthy. 2. rather tall.
uzunçalar 1. long-playing record, long play, LP, thirty-three. 2. long-playing, LP (record).
uzuneşek                                      908
uzuneşek (./..) leapfrog (a children’s game), uzunkafalı (./...) anat. 1. dolichocephalic, doli-chocephalous. 2. dolichocephal. uzunkuyruk (./..) zool. long-tailed titmouse, long-tailed tit, bottle tit, Aegithalos caudatus. uzunlamasına lengthwise, lengthways, uzunlevrek (./..) zool. pike perch, Lucioperca. uzunluk length. — ölçüsü linear measure, uzuv, -zvu 1. anat. organ; member; limb. 2.
                                                                                                      uzzal
   member (of a group), uzvaniye (.—..) obs., phil. organicism. uzvi (.—) obs. organic. — kimya organic chemistry.
uzviyet, -ti obs. 1. organicity. 2. organism, uzyazar (/..) teletype, teletypewriter, teleprinter, uzyazdinm (/...) telegram, wire; cable, uzyazim (/..) telex.
uzzal, -li (.—) classical Turk. mus. a makam.
u
Ü the letter Ü (the twenty-sixth letter of the Turkish alphabet), iibiivvet, -ti obs. fatherhood, paternity, ücra (.—) remote/out-of-the-way/solitary (place).
                                                       ücret, -ti 1. fee, remuneration; wage; salary. 2. charge (for a hotel room/a service). —leri dondurmak to freeze wages, ücretli 1. salaried. 2. (s.o.) who is paid by the hour. 3. (s.t.) which is done for a fee. ücretsiz 1. free, free of charge, gratuitous. 2.
   free; for nothing, gratis, üç, -çü three. — adım (atlama) sports hop, step, and jump. — asla mahkûm olmak slang to be compelled to listen to someone’s bull. — aşağı beş yukarı colloq. roughly, approximately. — aşağı beş yukarı anlaşmak colloq. (for a buyer and a seller) to agree on a price (after bargaining). — aşağı beş yukarı dolaşmak colloq. to pace/wander back and forth, pace/wander up and down. Ü— Aylar Islam the months of Rajab, Sha’ban, and Ramazan. — başlı kas anat. triceps. — beş colloq. three or four, a few.
   —e beşe bakmamak colloq. not to haggle over trifling sums (while bargaining). — buçuk atmak slang to be afraid that something will go wrong, have kittens. — direkli yelkenli naut. three-masted sailing vessel, three -master. — göç, bir yangın yerini tutar. proverb After you’ve moved house three times, your household belongings will have become very badly battered and damaged,
   —  günlük seyisliği var, kırk yıllık at boku eşeler, colloq. He’s only been here a short while, yet he’s already poking his nose into matters that are over his head. — kâğıt açmak /a/ slang to dupe, hoodwink. — otuzluk/otuzunda colloq. very old, aged, ancient (person). — şeritli yol three-lane highway/ road.
üçayak (/..) tripod.
üçboyutlu (/...) three-dimensional, 3-D. üçdüzlemli (/...) geom. trihedral. — açı trihedral angle, üçer three each, three apiece. — üçer three by three, three at a time, üçetek (/..) a kind of dress worn over şalvar by women, üçfazlı (/..) phys. three-phase, triphase, üçgen geom. 1. triangle. 2. triangular, triangle -shaped. — piramit triangular pyramid. — prizma triangular prism.
üçgül (/.) bot. clover, trefoil, Trifolium. üçkâğıt (/..) card game played with three cards.
    —      açmak /a/ slang to dupe, hoodwink, üçkâğıtçı (/...) 1. swindler, double-dealer, con man. 2. cardsharp who cheats people in a game of üçkâğıt, üçkâğıtçılık (/....) 1. swindling, double-dealing.
                              2. cheating people while playing üçkâğıt, üçkuyucu (/...) slang pederast, lover of boys;
    active male homosexual, üçleme 1. /i/ math, raising (a number) to the third power. 2. hi tripling a number of (people/things), making (people/things) three in number, increasing a number of (people/ things) to three. 3. /i/ leasing (one’s land) to a farmer in exchange for a third of the crop produced on said land. 4. /if plowing (a field) three times. 5. trilogy. 6. folk song written in stanzas of three lines each. 7. mus. triplet.
    8.     three-ply. üçlemek /ı/ 1. math, to raise (a number) to the third power. 2. to triple a number of (people/ things), make (people/things) three in number, increase a number of (people/things) to three. 3. to lease (one’s land) to a farmer in exchange for a third of the crop produced on said land. 4. to plow (a field) three times, üçleşme (of a number of people/things) becoming three, becoming a trio, üçleşmek (for a number of people/things) to become three, become a trio, üçlü 1. (s.t.) which contains or consists of three things/parts; ternary. 2. (a) three (in a suit of playing cards/in a set of dominoes). 3. mus. trio. 4. poet, triplet, tercet. — kuralı math. the rule of three. — yonca arch, trefoil, üçlük 1. (s.t.) which can hold three measures of something: üçlük cezve utensil in which three cups of coffee can be made at one time. 2. trilogy, üçrenkli (/..) trichromatic, üçteker (/..) 1. tricycle. 2. three-wheeler (small, three-wheeled motorized vehicle), üçüncü 1. third. 2. the third; the third person; the third one. — dünya the third world. — dünya ülkeleri third-world nations. — kişi gram, the third person. — mevki see üçüncü sınıf. — sınıf 1. third-class. 2. the third-class section (in a boat/a train/an airplane). — şahıs gram., see üçüncü kişi. — zaman geol.
    1.     the Tertiary period or system of rocks, the Tertiary. 2. Tertiary, of the Tertiary, üçüncül tertiary.
üçüncülük
 910
ümran
üçüncülük third place.
üçüz 1. triplet. 2. (set of) triplets: üçüz kardeşler a set of triplets. 3. three-sided; three -branched; (s.t.) made up of three parts, üçüzlü 1. (mother) of triplets, who has triplets. 2. (s.t.) made up of three parts/sections; (sit.) made in three parts/sections; prepared in triplicate, triplicate, üdeba (..—) obs. men of letters, literati, üf Ouf !/Oof!
üfleç 1. blowpipe, blowtube. 2. blowtorch. 3.
                                                             ventilator, fan. üfleme 1. /a/ (s.o.’s) blowing on, breathing hard on. 2. Ill mus. playing (a wind instrument), üflemek 1. /a/ (for s.o.) to blow on, breathe hard on. 2. Ill mus. to play (a wind instrument).
üflenme 1. being blown on. 2. mus. (of a wind instrument) being played, üflenmek 1. to be blown on. 2. mus. (for a wind instrument) to be played, üfletme /i, a/ 1. having (s.o.) blow on (s.o./s.t.). 2. mus. having (s.o.) play (a wind instrument).
üfletmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) blow on (s.o./ s.t.). 2. mus. to have (s.o.) play (a wind instrument).
üful, -lü (.—) obs. 1. astr. setting, sinking below the horizon (of a heavenly body). 2. dying, passing away. — etmek 1. astr. (for a heavenly body) to set, sink below the horizon. 2. to die, pass away, üfürme 1. hi blowing on, breathing hard on. 2. blowing.
üfürmek 1. hi to blow on, breathe hard on. 2.
   to blow, üfürük exhaled breath.
üfürükçü person who claims to be able to cure sick people by breathing on them, üfürükçülük breathing on sick people in order to cure them, üfürülme being blown on, being breathed hard on.                       ^
üfürülmek to be blown on, be breathed hard on.
üğrüm astr. nutation, üleş share, portion, lot. üleşilme being shared, üleşilmek to be shared, üleşme hi sharing, üleşmek hi to share.
üleştirilme /a/ being divided among, being shared out among, being portioned out among.
üleştirilmek /a/ to be divided among, be shared out among, be portioned out among, üleştirimli distributive. — tüze law distributive justice.
üleştirme /ı, sl/ sharing (s.t.) out among, portioning (s.t.) out among, üleştirmek /ı, a/ to share (s.t.) out among, portion (s.t.) out among, ülfet, -ti obs. 1. familiarity, acquaintance, expe-
    rience. 2. (social) dealings, relations, intercourse. 3. friendship. — etmek /la/ 1. to become familiar with, gain an experience of.
    2. to have dealings with. 3. to be friends with.
ülger 1. fuzz, down (on fruit, plant parts). 2.
   nap (on soft, downy fabrics, e.g. velvet), ülke country (a political state).
Ülker astr. the Pleiades. — doğumu fırtınası storm occurring about the tenth of June, ülkü (an) ideal.
ülkücü 1. (an) idealist. 2. idealistic, idealist, ülkücülük idealism.
ülküdeş one who shares the same ideals as another.
ülküleştirme hi idealizing, idealization, ülküleştirmek hi to idealize, ülküsel ideal, of or relating to an ideal, ülser path, ulcer, ültimatom pol. ultimatum, ültra (an) extremist, ültramikroskop, -pu ultramicroscope, ültramodern ultramodern, ültramonten ultramontane, ültrason ultrasonic, an ultrasonic wave/frequency.
ültraviyole ultraviolet. — ışınları ultraviolet rays.
üluhiyet, -ti (.— ..) obs. divinity, godhead, god-hood.
ümera (..—) obs. 1. chiefs; commanders. 2. mil. senior officers, officers above the rank of captain.
ümit 1. hope. 2. expectation. — bağlamak /a/ to set one’s hopes on. — dünyası, colloq. One can always hope. — etmek hi 1. to hope. 2. to expect. — kapısı colloq. hope; person/place/situation that may prove helpful, —ini kesmek to give up hope, abandon hope; /dan/ to cease to hope that (s.o. will do s.t.); /dan/ to cease to hope that (s.t. will happen), —ini kırmak /in/ colloq. to dash/ frustrate (s.o.’s) hopes, —leri suya düşmek colloq. for one’s hopes to be disappointed/ dashed/frustrated. — vermek /a/ to inspire (s.o.) with hope; to give (s.o.) cause to hope. Ümit Burnu, -nu the Cape of Good Hope, ümitlendirme hi giving hope to. ümitlendirmek III to give hope to. ümitlenme beginning to hope, becoming hopeful.
ümitlenmek to begin to hope, become hopeful, ümitli hopeful, ümitlilik hopefulness, ümitsiz hopeless, ümitsizlik hopelessness, ümmet, -ti 1. Islam the Community of the faithful, the worldwide Muslim community.
   2.     those who believe in a religion founded by a prophet, ümmi (.—) obs. illiterate, ümmilik (.—.) obs. illiteracy, ümran obs. prosperous and well-populated
ümük
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    condition (of a place), ümük prov. throat.
ün 1. voice, sound. 2. fame, reputation. — al-mak/kazanmak/salmak/yapmak to become famous, ündeci town crier, crier, üniforma (../.) uniform, official dress, üniformite uniformity.
Unilateral unilateral, ünite 1. unity. 2. unit.
üniversal universal. — motor elec. universal motor, üniversel see üniversal. üniversite (../..) 1. university. 2. slang bar; nightclub; place of amusement. 3. slang brothel, cathouse.
üniversitelerarası (../........) interuniversity,
    Brit, intervarsity, üniversiteli (../...) 1. university student. 2. (s.o.)
   who is attending a university, ünlem gram, interjection, exclamation, ejaculation, exclamatory word. — işareti/imi exclamation point/mark, ünleme prov. 1. /a/ calling (s.o.) in a loud voice; shouting to/for (s.o.). 2. hi proclaiming (s.t.) loudly.
                                                            ünlemek prov. 1. /a/ to call (s.o.) in a loud voice; to shout to/for (s.o.). 2. Ill to proclaim (s.t.) loudly, ünlenme 1. prov. being called loudly, being shouted for. 2. prov. being proclaimed loudly.
    3.    becoming famous, ünlenmek 1. prov. to be called loudly, be shouted for. 2. prov. to be proclaimed loudly.
    3.    to become famous, ünlü 1. famous, famed, renowned; well-known. 2. phon. vowel. — uyumu phon. vowel harmony.
ünlüleşme phon. vocalization, ünnap bot., see hünnap, ünsiyet, -ti obs. 1. familiarity, acquaintance, experience. 2. being on friendly terms; friendship.
ünsüz 1. not famous; unknown. 2. phon. consonant. — uyumu phon. consonant harmony, ürat, -ti chem. urate, ürbanist, -ti city planner, urbanist, ürbanizm city planning, urbanism.
Ürdün (/.) 1. Jordan. 2. Jordanian, of Jordan. Ürdünlü (/..) 1. (a) Jordanian. 2. Jordanian (person), üre biochem., chem. urea, ürem fin. interest.
                                                            üreme 1. reproduction. 2. increasing, increase, growing, growth; proliferation. — organları anat. reproductive organs. — sistemi anat. the reproductive system, üremek 1. to reproduce. 2. to increase, grow;
    to proliferate, üremi path, uremia, üreometre (.../.) med. ureometer. üreteç elec. generator, üreter anat. ureter.
üretici 1. producer. 2. (s.o.) engaged in production.
üreticilik production, being a producer, üretilme being produced, üretilmek to be produced, üretim production. — kapasitesi production capacity. — maliyeti production cost. — reaktörü breeder reactor, üretimevi, -ni (../..) factory, üretimsel productional. üretken productive, üretkenlik productivity, üretme hi producing, üretmek hi to produce, üretmen producer, üretra (./.) anat. urethra, ürik chem. uric. — asit biochem., chem. uric acid, ürin urine.
ürkek 1. easily startled/frightened; (animal) which shies easily. 2. timid. — ürkek timidly.
ürkekçe 1. rather timid. 2. (./.) timidly, ürkekleşme 1. becoming easily startled/frightened. 2. becoming timid, ürkekleşmek 1. to become easily startled/frightened. 2. to become timid, ürkeklik 1. being easily startled/frightened. 2.
    timidity, timidness, ürkme 1. starting; shying (of an animal). 2. taking fright, being seized with fright. 3. (of a fruit tree) not bearing fruit, ürkmek 1. to start;’ (for an animal) to shy. 2. to take fright, be seized with fright. 3. (for a fruit tree) not to bear fruit, ürkü sudden fright; panic, ürkünç frightening, scary, ürküntü sudden fright; panic, ürkütme h! 1. startling; causing (an animal) to shy. 2. giving (s.o.) a sudden fright. 3. flushing (birds). 4. retarding the growth of (a plant).
ürkütmek hi 1. to startle; to cause (an animal) to shy. 2. to give (s.o.) a sudden fright. 3. to flush (birds). 4. to retard the growth of (a plant).
ürmek prov., see ürümek. ürodeller zool. Caudata/Urodela. ürografi med. urography, ürolog med. urologist, üroloji med. urology, ürometre (../.) med., see üreometre. ürperme 1. getting goose pimples; (of one’s hair) standing on end. 2. shuddering, ürpermek 1. to get goose pimples; (for one’s hair) to stand on end. 2. to shudder, ürperti 1. gooseflesh, goose pimples, goose bumps. 2. shudder, ürpertme hi 1. giving (s.o.) goose pimples; making (s.o.’s) hair stand on end. 2. making (s.o.) shudder; sending a cold chill down (s.o.’s) spine, ürpertmek III 1. to give (s.o.) goose pimples;
ürtiker
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   to make (s.o.’s) hair stand on end. 2. to make (s.o.) shudder; to send a cold chill down (s.o.’s) spine, ürtiker path, urticaria, hives, ürüme howling, making a howl, ürümek to howl. Ürümesini bilmeyen köpek/ it sürüye kurt getirir, proverb A person who habitually puts his foot into it is a menace to his friends. Ürüyen köpek ısırmaz/kapmaz. proverb A person who rants and raves very threateningly when he’s angry rarely, if ever, carries out his threats, ürün 1. product; produce, crop, yield. 2. work (of art). 3. result, product, ürüşme howling together, ürüşmek to howl together, üryan (.—) obs. naked, bare, üryani (.— —) a thin-skinned plum, üs, -ssü 1. mil. base; military installation. 2.
   math, exponent, üs- prefix, see üst-, üsalize (/...) see üstalize. üsbitken (/..) bot., see üstbitken. üsçavuş (/..) mil., see üstçavuş, üsçene (/..) anat., see üstçene. üsderi (/..) anat., see üsteleri, üşer a (..—) obs. prisoners of war.
Üsküdar (./.) a suburb of Istanbul (the former Scutari, the ancient Chrysopolis). üsküf Ott. hist, a distinctive hat worn by high -ranking members of the Janissary corps. Üsküp (/.) Skoplje, Skopje (in Yugoslavia), üslenme /da/ establishing a military base in (a place).
üslenmek /da/ to establish a military base in (a place), üslup style.
üslupbilim (./..) stylistics, üslupçu 1. (writer) who has an excellent style. 2. (writer) who is concerned with style. 3. stylist, master of style. 4. writer who is concerned with style, üslupçuluk stylism. üsluplaştırmak hi to stylize, üsmut, -tu (/.) see üstmut. üssubay (/..) mil., see üstsubay. üst, -tü 1. upper surface, top: Kütüğün üstüne oturdu. She şat down on the log. 2. space over/above: Üstümde ay parlıyordu. The moon was shining above me. 3. clothes: Üstünü kirletme ha! Don’t get your clothes dirty, you hear? 4. (a) superior, (a) boss. 5. remainder, rest (of an amount of money). 6. top, upper: en üst kat topmost floor, yokuşun üst yanında on the upper part of the slope. 7. at/about (a certain time): öğle üstü in the early afternoon; at noon. — te above; on top. -—ten 1. from the top, from above.
   2.  superficially, —ünde /m/ 1. on, on top of. 2. above, over. 3. on; overlooking or looking out on: cadde üstünde on a main street. Boğaz’m üstünde overlooking the Bosphorus. 4. more than; over: Aydın artık
kırkın üstünde olmalı. Aydın must be over forty by now. 5. on, about (a matter/a subject): Bunun üstünde anlaşmalıyız. We ought to come to an agreement about this.
6. on (s.o.’s consciousness): Onun üstünde büyük bir etki yaptı. It made a big impression on him. 7. on, with: Üstünde para yok mu? Don’t you have any money on you? —üne 1. on, on top of: Elbisesinin üstüne sürdü. She rubbed it on her dress.
2. on, on the subject of, dealing with: Kırım Savaşı üstüne bir tez hazırlıyor. She’s preparing a thesis on the Crimean War. 3. on top of, right after: Baklavanın üstüne işkembe çorbası içilir mi? Does one have tripe soup right after one’s eaten baklava?
4. upon (one’s honor/one’s good name): şerefim üstüne upon my honor. 5. better than, superior to: Kendi dalında SeyfPnin üstüne yok. Seyfi’s tops in his field. Senin üstüne yok, vallahi! By George, you take the cake! 6. on (s.o.’s) account: Birol, biraları benim üstüme yaz! Put the beers on my account, Birol! —ü açık open at the top.
—ünüze afiyet! May you stay in good health! (said while talking about an illness). —ünden akmak colloq. to be plainly evident. —üne almak hi colloq. 1. to take the responsibility of (doing s.t.), take (s.t.) upon
o.s. 2. to take (a remark/an action) as being directed against o.s. —ünden atmak hi colloq. to refuse to accept responsibility for. —üne atmak /ı, in/ colloq. to impute (a misdeed/a crime) to (s.o.). —üne basmak colloq. to hit the nail on the head. — baş colloq. clothes. — ü başı dökülmek colloq. for (one’s) clothes to be in tatters, —üne başına etmek/yapmak colloq. 1. /ml to curse violently at, give (s.o.) down the country, give (s.o.) what for. 2. to defecate in one’s underpants. — başa geçmek colloq. to sit with the bigwigs (in a meeting), —üne bırakmak /ı, in/ to leave (s.t.) for (s.o. else) to do, leave (s.o.) with the job of. —üne bir bardak (soğuk) su içmek /m/ colloq. to give up all hope of getting (s.t. that one has lent) back, kiss (s.t.) good-bye. — çıkmak colloq. to win. — e çıkmak colloq. (for s.o. who is at fault) to succeed in shifting the blame onto someone else, —ünden dökülmek colloq. (for a garment) to be far too big for, swallow (s.o.). — dudak anat. upper lip. —ünde durmak /m/ to give (a matter) a lot of thought, spend a lot of time thinking about (a matter); to give (a matter) a lot of attention; to dwell on (a matter), —üne düşmek /in/ colloq. 1. to fuss over, make a fuss over, shower attention on (s.o.). 2. to bother, pester.
3. to throw o.s. into (a job), work hard at (a job), —üne evlenmek /in/ colloq. to marry again when one already has (s.o.) as a wife, —üne geçirmek/geçirtmek III 1. to have (a piece of property) registered in one’s own
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name. 2. to have (an adopted child) registered under one’s own surname, cause (an adopted child) to bear one’s own surname, —ünden geçmek /in/ slang 1. to *screw, have sex with. 2. to rape, —ünden (... zaman) geçmek (for a specified amount of time) to pass, elapse (after an event). — gelmek colloq., see üst çıkmak, —üne gelmek Iml colloq. 1. (for s.o.) to turn up or appear right when (s.t. is being done/discussed). 2. to walk towards (s.o.) intending (or as if he/ she intends) to beat him/her up. —ünü/—tine görmek colloq. to menstruate, have one’s period (during pregnancy), —üne gül koklamamak /m/ colloq. to love no one else but, have nothing to do with anyone else but (one’s beloved/wife), —üne güneş doğmamak colloq. to get up before sunrise. — Ü-nüzden ırak! colloq. Heaven forbid!/May no such misfortune befall you! — üme iyilik sağlık! colloq. Heaven forbid!/God save me from such a thing! —ünde kalmak Iml 1. to be sold to (s.o.) (at an auction). 2. colloq. to get the blame for, be held responsible for (a crime). — ü kapalı 1. indirectly, in an indirect way, between the lines. 2. indirect, —üne kondurmamak l\l colloq. not to accept (that one is ...): İhtiyarlığı üstüne kondurmuyor. He won’t accept that he’s gotten old. —üne koymak /i, ml colloq. to add (one thing) to (another), —üne mal etmemek hi colloq. not to regard (s.t.) as one’s responsibility; not to regard (s.t.) as being one’s concern, —üne oturmak /ml colloq. to appropriate (s.t.) for o.s. (when one has no right to do so). —ü örtülü see üstü kapalı, —tine perde çekmek Iml colloq. to cover up, conceal, draw a veil over. — perdeden konuşmak colloq. 1. to talk loudly. 2. to talk big. — ünüze sağlık/şifalar! see Üstünüze afiyet! — tarafı Iml 1. the rest of, the remainder of. 2. the upper part/side of. —üne titremek Iml colloq. to treat with tender, loving care; to watch over anxiously, care for meticulously, —üne toz kondurmamak Iml colloq. to refuse to accept that a better (person/thing) exists, regard (s.o./s.t.) as tops, —tine tuz biber ekmek (—tine tüy dikmek) Iml colloq. to make a bad situation worse; to add salt to the wound. — üste in rapid succession, one right after the other, —tine üstüne gitmek Iml colloq. to try doggedly/insistently to do (s.t.). —üne varmak Iml colloq. 1. to hound (s.o.) (with a request).
2. to become married to someone while he is already married to (another woman), —tine vazife olmamak Iml colloq. (for s.t.) to be none of (s.o.’s) business/beeswax. — e vermek /ı/ colloq. (for a seller) to throw (s.t. else) into the bargain. — e vurmak colloq.
1. to increase the price, up the price. 2. hi to add (s.t.) in. —tine yapmak 1. hi to have (a piece of property) registered in one’s own
   name. 2. colloq. to defecate in one’s underpants. —tine yatmak Iml colloq., see üstüne oturmak, —üne yıkmak h, m/ colloq. 1. to impute (a misdeed/a crime) to (s.o.). 2. to dump (a hard job) on (s.o.), saddle (s.o.) with (a hard job), (kendi) —üne yormak hi colloq. to take (a remark/an action) as being directed against o.s. —üne yürümek Iml colloq. to walk towards (s.o.) intending (or as if he/she intends) to beat him/her up. üst- prefix upper ...; over-; super-; senior .... üstalize (/...) antitrade wind, antitrade, üstat master, recognized expert/authority; savant; virtuoso, üstben (/.) psych, superego, tistbenlik (/..) psych., see tistben. tistbitken (/..) bot. 1. epiphyte. 2. epiphytic, üstçavuş (.'..) mil. staff sergeant, üstçene (/..) 1. anat. upper jaw, maxilla. 2.
   upper jaw (of a clamp/a vise), üstderi (/..) anat. epidermis, cuticle. — altı anat. dermis, corium, cutis, üste colloq. in addition, to boot, —sinden gelmek Iml to cope with, deal with (s.t.). üsteğmen (/..) mil. first lieutenant, üsteğmenlik (/...) mil. first lieutenancy, üstel math, exponential, üsteleme 1. insisting. 2. recurring, recurrence (of an illness). 3. hi repeating/renewing/ reiterating (a request/a proposal/a command).
   4.    /a/ being added to, coming on top of. üstelemek 1. to insist. 2. (for an illness) to recur.
   3.    hi to repeat/renew/reiterate (a request/a proposal/a command). 4. /a/ to be added to, come on top of. üstelik 1. something that is thrown in to boot.
   2. furthermore, in addition, üstenci contractor.
üstencilik contracting, being a contractor, tistenme hi undertaking to do (a job), üstenmek hi to undertake to do (a job), tistfamilya (.'...) biol. superfamily, üstgeçiş (/..) astr. culmination, üstgeçit (/..) overpass, overcrossing, üstinsan (/..) superman, üstlenme hi taking on, undertaking, üstlenmek hi to take on, undertake, üstlük 1. overcoat. 2. headscarf, tistmut, -tu (/.) transcendent happiness, uninterrupted bliss, üstsınıf (/..) biol. superclass, tistsubay (/..) mil. senior officer (major, lieutenant colonel, or colonel), üstsüz topless (woman/bathing suit), üsttakım (. ..) biol. superorder, üsture (.—.) obs. myth; legend; saga, üstübeç white lead. — macunu putty (made by mixing powdered chalk with either white lead or glue).
^sttin superior; superlative; outstanding. — gelmek 1. to come out on top, be victorious. 2. /dan/ to be superior to, be better than. — tutmak hi to regard (s.o./s.t.) as superior.
2üstün
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2üstün the vowel point in Arabic script indicating an a. üstünkörü (./..) 1. slapdash, very cursory; superficial; very casual. 2. in a slapdash manner, very cursorily; superficially; very casually.
üstünlük superiority; superlativeness; outstandingness. — derecesi gram, the superlative, the superlative degree of comparison. — duygusu/kompleksi psych, superiority complex.
üstüpü oakum; tow.
üstüpüleme III caulking/packing (s.t.) with oakum/tow.
üstüpülemek h! to caulk/pack (s.t.) with oakum/ tow.
üstüpülü caulked/packed with oakum/tow. üstüvane (..— .) obs. cylinder, üstüvani (..— —) obs. cylindrical, üstyapı (/..) superstructure, üstyapısal (/...) superstructural. üşeka (..—) obs. asses, donkeys (used sarcastically of people). üşenç 1. lack of a desire to work; supinity. 2. laziness, sloth. 3. apathetic when it comes to work; supine. 4. lazy, slothful, üşengeç 1. apathetic when it comes to work;
    supine. 2. lazy, slothful, üşengen see üşengeç, üşenik see üşengeç.
üşenn^e /a/ not feeling at all moved/motivated to (do s.t.), not having the energy/the desire to (do s.t.) (hence one doesn’t do it); being unable to rouse/trouble/bother o.s. to (do s.t.). üşenmek /a/ not to feel at all moved/motivated to (do s.t.), not to have the energy/the desire to (do s.t.) (hence one doesn’t do it); to be unable to rouse/trouble/bother o.s. to (do s.t.): Tıraş olmaya üşendi. He couldn’t be bothered to shave. Üşenenin oğlu kızı olmamış. proverb A person who can’t be bothered to get married will have no children, üşme /a/ prov. flocking to/around (a place);
    crowding, thronging (a place), üşmek /a/ prov. to flock to/around (a place); to crowd, throng (a place), üşniye obs., bot. Algae. üşr hist., see öşür.
                              üşüme 1. being cold, feeling cold; feeling a chill. 2. getting a chill, catching a chill, üşümek 1. to be cold, feel cold; to feel a chill.
    2. to get a chill, catch a chill, üşüntü flocking; crowding, thronging. — köpek mandayı paralar, proverb In unity there is strength, üşür, -şrü hist., see öşür, üşürme /ı, a/ prov. 1. causing (people/animals) to flock to/around; causing (people/animals) to crowd/throng. 2. causing (animals) to attack; letting (animals) loose on. üşürmek /ı, a/ prov. 1. to cause (people/animals) to flock to/around; to cause (people/animals) to crowd/throng. 2. to cause (animals) to
   attack; to let (animals) loose on. üşüşme /a/ flocking to/around; crowding, thronging.
üşüşmek /a/ to flock to/around; to crowd, throng.
üşütme 1. hi making (s.o.) feel cold, chilling. 2. giving (s.o.) a chill. 3. getting a chill, catching a chill. 4. slang going nuts, getting nutty.
üşütmek 1. hi to make (s.o.) feel cold, chill. 2. to give (s.o.) a chill. 3. to get a chill, catch a chill. 4. slang to go nuts, get nutty, üşütük slang 1. person who acts nutty. 2. nutty, Brit, barmy (person).
’ütme prov. 1. hi holding (s.t.) over/to the fire. 2. hi singeing (poultry, etc.). 3. hi roasting (fresh com/wheat) over the fire. 4. fresh com/ wheat that has been roasted over the fire. 2ütme hi prov. beating (s.o.) (in a game), ’ütmek hi prov. 1. to hold (s.t.) over/to the fire. 2. to singe (poultry, etc.). 3. to roast (fresh corn/wheat) over the fire.
2ütmek hi prov. to beat (s.o.) (in a game).
ütopi utopia.
ütopist, -ti see ütopyacı.
ütopya (./.) utopia.
ütopyacı (./..) 1. (a) utopian, (a) utopist. 2. utopian.
ütü 1. iron (for ironing clothes); flatiron. 2. ironing, pressing (clothes, etc.). 3. prov. singeing (poultry, etc.). — bezi press cloth. — tahtası ironing board. — yapmak to do the ironing, iron.
ütücü 1. ironer, presser, person who does ironing/pressing. 2. prov. singer, person who does singeing.
ütüleme hi 1. ironing, pressing (clothes, etc.).
   2. prov. singeing (poultry, etc.). ütülemek hi 1. to iron, press (clothes, etc.). 2.
   prov. to singe (poultry, etc.). ütülenme 1. (of clothes, etc.) being ironed/ pressed. 2. prov. (of poultry, etc.) being singed.
ütülenmek 1. (for clothes, etc.) to be ironed, be pressed. 2. prov. (for poultry, etc.) to be singed.
ütülenmek 1. (for clothes, etc.) to be ironed, be pressed. 2. prov. (for poultry, etc.) to be singed.
’ütülme prov. 1. (s.t.’s) being held over/to the fire. 2. (of poultry, etc.) being singed. 3. (of fresh corn/wheat) being roasted over the fire. 2ütülme prov. being beaten (in a game), ’ütülmek prov. 1. (for s.t.) to be held over/to the fire. 2. (for poultry, etc.) to be singed. 3. (for fresh corn/wheat) to be roasted over the fire.
2ütülmek prov. to be beaten (in a game), ütülü 1. ironed, pressed (clothes, etc.). 2. prov.
   singed (poultry, etc.). ütüsüz 1. unironed, unpressed (clothes, etc.). 2.
   prov. unsinged (poultry, etc.). üvendire oxgoad, goad.
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 915
üzülmek
üvey, -i/-si step-, related by virtue of a remarriage and not by blood. — ana/anne stepmother. — baba stepfather. — çocuk see üvey evlat, —e etme, özünde bulursun; geline etme, kızında bulursun, proverb Don’t mistreat your stepchild: your own child might end up as somebody’s stepchild one day. Don’t mistreat your daughter-in-law: your own daughter will probably be somebody’s daughter-in-law one day. — evlat stepchild. — evlat gibi tutulmak colloq. to be treated like a stepchild, be treated unfairly.
    —     kardeş stepbrother; stepsister. — kız stepdaughter. — oğul stepson, üveyik zool. 1. turtledove, Streptopelia turtur.
                                                           2. wood pigeon, Columba. üveymek archaic (for a dove/a pigeon) to coo. *üvez 1. bot. (European) service tree, service, Sorbus domestica. 2. bot. wild service tree, Sorbus torminalis. 3. bot. rowan tree, rowan, (European) mountain ash, Sorbus aucuparia.
    4. bot. whitebeam, Sorbus aria. 5. service (fruit). 6. rowanberry.
2üvez zool. a small, mosquito-like insect, üye 1. member (of a group). 2. anat. organ; member.
üyelik membership. — aidatı membership fee, dues.
üzengi stirrup. — kayışı stirrup leather, stirrup strap. — kemiği anat., see üzengikemiği. üzengikemiği, -ni (../...) anat. stapes (of the ear).
üzengileme hi spurring (a mount) by prodding it with the stirrups, üzengilemek hi to spur (a mount) by prodding it with the stirrups, üzengitaşı, -ni (../..) arch, impost (of an arch), üzere 1. on the point of, just about to: Erdem gitmek üzereyken when Erdem was just about to go. 2. for the purpose of: Abant’a gitmek üzere yola çıktı. He set out for Abant. İskenderun’a gitmek üzere vapura bindi. She boarded the steamer to go down to İskenderun. 3. on condition that, on the understanding that: Pazartesiye kadar geri vermek üzere sana beş milyon lira veririm. I’ll loan you five million liras on condition that you pay it back by Monday. 4. being: Bu bahçede çoğu kiraz olmak üzere kırk ağacım var. I have forty trees in this grove, most of them cherries. 5. as, just as: Defne’nin dediği üzere Okan geç kaldı. Okan was late, as Defne had said he would be.
    6.    in accordance with: âdeti üzere in accordance with his custom, üzeri, -ni 1. upper surface, top: Kuyrukluyıldızı seyretmek için damın üzerine çıktı. She got up on the roof to watch the comet. 2. space over/above: Akbabalar üzerimizde dönüp duruyordu. The buzzards were circling above us. 3. remainder, rest (of an amount of money). 4. at/about (a certain time): akşam üzeri at sunset/about sunset/at nightfall/
    about nightfall. — nde /ml see üstünde. —ne see üstüne. — nize afiyet! see Üstünüze afiyet! —ne almak hi colloq., see üstüne almak, —nden atmak h! colloq., see üstünden atmak, —ne atmak /ı, m/ colloq., see üstüne atmak, —ne basmak colloq., see üstüne basmak, —ne bir bardak (soğuk) su içmek Iml colloq., see üstüne bir bardak (soğuk) su içmek, —nden dökülmek colloq., see üstünden dökülmek, —nde durmak Iml see üstünde durmak, —ne düşmek Iml colloq., see üstüne düşmek, —ne evlenmek Iml colloq., see üstüne evlenmek. —ne geçirmek/geçirtmek hi see üstüne geçirmek/geçirtmek, —nden geçmek Iml slang, see üstünden geçmek. — n-den (... zaman) geçmek see üstünden (... zaman) geçmek, —ne gelmek Iml colloq., see üstüne gelmek, —ne güneş doğmamak colloq., see üstüne güneş doğmamak, —me iyilik sağlık! colloq., see Üstüme iyilik sağlık! —nde kalmak Iml see üstünde kalmak, —ne kondurmamak hi colloq., see üstüne kondurmamak, —ne koymak h, ml colloq., see üstüne koymak, —ne mal etmemek lıl colloq., see üstüne mal etmemek, —nize sağlık/şifalar! see Üstünüze afiyet! —ne titremek Iml colloq., see üstüne titremek, —ne toz kondurmamak /in/ colloq., see üstüne toz kondurmamak, —ne tuz biber ekmek (—ne tüy dikmek) Iml colloq., see üstüne tuz biber ekmek (üstüne tüy dikmek), —ne varmak Iml colloq., see üstüne varmak. —ne vazife olmamak Iml colloq., see üstüne vazife olmamak, —ne yıkmak /ı, m/ colloq., see üstüne yıkmak, (kendi) —ne yormak hi colloq., see (kendi) üstüne yormak, —ne yürümek /m/ colloq., see üstüne yürümek, üzerlik 1. bot. harmal, Peganum harmala. 2.
   harmal seed, üzgeç rope ladder, üzgü unnecessary trouble/suffering, üzgülü needlessly painful/hard, üzgün unhappy, sad.
üzgünbalığı, -m (./...) zool. dragonet, Callio-nymus lyra.
üzgünbalığıgiller (./.....) zool. Callionymidae.
üzgünlük unhappiness, sadness, üzgüsüz easy, trouble-free, üzlük prov. 1. small earthenware bowl. 2. incense.
üzme hi 1. distressing, upsetting, worrying; saddening. 2. abrading, üzmek hi 1. to distress, upset, worry; to sadden.
                                                                                              2. to abrade, üzre see üzere.
üzücü upsetting/distressing/saddening (thing), üzülme 1. /a/ being upset (by), being distressed (by); being/feeling sad (that). 2. being abraded.
üzülmek 1. /a/ to be upset (by), be distressed (by); to be/feel sad (that). 2. to be abraded.
üzüm
üzüm 1. grape, fruit of a grapevine. 2. raisin.
   —   asması bot. grapevine, Vitis. — çekirdeği grapestone, grape seed. — salkımı bunch of grapes. — suyu grape juice. — şekeri glucose. — üzüme baka baka kararır, proverb A person who falls in with bad companions gradually acquires their bad habits. —ü/—ünü ye de bağını sorma .proverb Just enjoy it and don’t worry about where it came from.
üzümcü grower/seller of grapes, üzümcülük growing/selling grapes.
916                                     üzüntüsüz
     üzümlü (food) made with grapes/raisins, üzümsü bot. aciniform, grape-like, üzüm üzüm (./ ..) colloq., used in: — üzmek /ı/ to upset/distress/sadden greatly. — üzülmek /a/ to be greatly upset/distressed/saddened (by), üzünç sorrow, dejection, üzüntü distress; unhappiness, sorrow, sadness, üzüntülü 1. distressing; unhappy, sad. 2. distressed, beset by sadness. 3. distressful/saddening (event), üzüntüsüz 1. carefree. 2. easy, trouble-free.
V
V  1. the letter V. 2. chem. V (vanadium). 3. elec. V (volt/volts). 4. V (the Roman numeral symbol for 5). — yaka 1. V neck. 2. V -necked. — yakalı V-necked, vaat, -di promise. — te bulunmak /a/ to make a promise (to), promise. — etmek hi see vadetmek.
vaaz Islam sermon. — etmek/vermek /a/ to preach (to), give a sermon (to), vabeste (—..) /a/ obs. dependent on, contingent on.
vacip (—.) 1. obs. obligatory, required, incumbent. 2. Islam (duty) incumbent on a Muslim.
   —   olmak to be necessary.
vade (—.) 1. term, fixed period of time; prompt. 2. due date; date of maturity. 3. grace period, respite, delay, extension. 4. the time when one is fated to die, one’s hour of death, —si gelmek/yetmek Iml 1. to fall due. 2. for a given period of time to be up, for a given period of time to come to an end. 3. colloq. for (s.o.’s) hour of death to be at hand.
vadeli (—..) (s.t.) which has a fixed term; time, payable on a specified day, payable within a specified length of time. — hesap banking time deposit. — istikraz time loan.
   —   mevduat banking, see vadeli hesap. — poliçe time draft.
vadesiz (—..) (s.t.) which has no fixed term; open, not payable on a specified date, not payable within a specified length of time. — hesap banking demand deposit. — istikraz call loan. — mevduat banking, see vadesiz hesap.
vadetme (—..) hi promising.
vadetmek (—-..) hi to promise.
vadi (—.) 1. valley. 2. wadi, wady, waddy. 3.
    obs. subject, topic. 4. obs. sense, tenor, line, vaftiz baptism. — anası godmother. — babası godfather. — etmek hi to baptize, vaftizevi, -ni (./..) baptistery, baptistry, vaftizhane (..— .) see vaftizevi. vagina (./.) anat., see vajina, vagon 1. railway car. 2. slang a score of twenty in a certain card game. — restoran dining car, diner, Brit, restaurant car. vagonet, -ti car (used on a narrow-gauge railroad).
vagonli sleeping car, sleeper, Pullman, wagon -lit.
vagotoni path, vagotonia, vagotony. vagus anat. vagus nerve, vagus.
vah What a pity! vaha (—.) oasis.
vahamet, -ti (.—.) obs. gravity, seriousness (of a situation). — kesbetmek (for a situation) to become serious, vahdaniyet, -ti (.— ..) obs. the unity of God. vahdet, -ti obs. oneness, unity, vahi (— —) obs. futile; silly, vahim grave, serious.
vahit (—.) obs. 1. single, sole, one. 2. unique, vahiy, -hyi divine inspiration, revelation, vahşet, -ti 1. wildness, savageness; barbarousness. 2. brutality. 3. untamedness, vahşi (.—) 1. wild, savage; barbarous. 2. brutal. 3. wild, untamed, undomesticated (animal). 4. virgin (forest), vahşileşme (.—..) (an animal’s) becoming feral/ wild.
vahşileşmek (.— ..) (for an animal) to become feral/wild.
vahşilik (.—.) 1. wildness, savageness; barbarousness. 2. brutality. 3. wildness, untamedness (of an animal), vahyetme (/..) /i, a/ (God’s) revealing (s.t.) to (s.o.).
vahyetmek (/..) /i, a/ (for God) to reveal (s.t.)
    to (s.o.). vaiz, -a’zi Islam, see vaaz, vait, -a’di see vaat, vaiz (—.) Islam preacher, vaizlik (—..) Islam preaching, vajina (./.) anat. vagina, vajinal anat. vaginal.
vaka 1. event, occurrence. 2. case, occurrence (of a disease), vakans vacation, holiday, vakaniivis chronicler; annalist, vakar gravity, dignity, sedateness, vakarlı grave, dignified, sedate, vakarsız undignified.
vakayi, -ii (.—.) obs. 1. events, occurrences. 2.
    cases, occurrences (of a disease), vakayiname (.—.— .) chronicle, vaketa (./.) calfskin.
vakfetme (/..) 1. hi making over (one’s property) to a religious/charitable foundation. 2. /i, a/ devoting/dedicating (o.s./one’s energy) to (s.t.).
vakfetmek (/..) 1. hi to make over (one’s property) to a religious/charitable foundation. 2. /i, a/ to devote/dedicate (o.s./one’s energy) to (s.t.). vakfiye charter of a waqf.
‘vakıa
 918
vapurdumanı
Vakıa (—'.—) obs. although, though, it is true that.
                                                          2vakıa (—..) obs. 1. (accomplished) fact; event, happening (that has taken place). 2. dream, vâkıf (—.) 1. aware, cognizant. 2. creator of a waqf. — olmak /a/ to be aware of, be cognizant of.
vakıf, -kfi religious/charitable foundation (created by an endowed trust fund), waqf, wakf. V—lar Genel Müdürlüğü the Directorate of Waqfs.
vakıfname (..— .) see vakfiye.
'vaki (—.) (s.t.) which has been done; (s.t.) which has happened. — olmak to happen, occur, take place.
2vaki (-----) obs., med. preventive, prophylactic
   (drug/measure), vakit, -kti 1. time. 2. the right time, the time (for doing s.t.). 3. when: Haluk geldiği vakit when Haluk comes/when Haluk came.
   —iyle 1. at the proper time, in due season, in time. 2. in the past, once, once upon a time, —ini almak Iml to take (s.o.’s) time.
   —  dolmak for a given period of time to be up, for a given period of time to come to an end. — geçirmek to pass the time, occupy
   o.s. — i gelmek Iml colloq. for (s.o.’s) hour of death to be at hand, —ler hayrolsun! colloq. Good day! — kaybetmeden without losing any time, promptly, at once. — kazanmak colloq. 1. to save time. 2. (for s.o.) to gain time. — nakittir. proverb Time is money. —i olmak to have enough time. — i olmamak not to have enough time. — öldürmek colloq. to kill time, —ini şaşmamak colloq. to be punctual. — vakit from time to time, at times, —ini yemek Iml colloq. to take (s.o.’s) time. — i yerinde colloq. well -off, well-fixed, economically comfortable, vakitli done at the right time; done in due season. — vakitsiz colloq. (doing s.t.) without considering whether or not it is the proper time to do it. vakitsiz 1. done at an unsuitable time. 2. premature, too early. 3. (doing s.t.) at an unsuitable time. 4. prematurely, too early. — öten horozun başını keserler, proverb A person who talks out of season will suffer for it.
vaklama quacking (of a duck), vaklamak (for a duck) to quack, vaksin vaccine.
vaktaki (.—'.) when, at the time when, vakum vacuum, vakumlu vacuum-operated, vakur grave, dignified, sedate, vaküol, -lü biol. vacuole, vakvak child’s language duck, vak vak (/ .) 1. Quack, quack! 2. quacking (of a duck). 3. croaking (of a frog), vakvaklama quacking (of a duck), vakvaklamak (for a duck) to quack, valans chem. valence.
valde obs., see valide, vale playing cards jack, knave, valensiya (./..) bot. Valencia orange, Valencia (a cultivar). valeriyan bot. valerian, Valeriana officinalis. valf valve (for controlling the flow of a liquid/ a gas); cock; stopcock, vali (—.) governor of a province, vali, valide (—..) obs. mother. — sultan Ott. hist.
   mother of a reigning sultan, valilik (—..) 1. governorship. 2. governor’s office (a building). 3. province, valiz traveling bag, Brit, valise, vallah billah cebi, -ni slang unconcealed pocket (in a garment), vallahi (/—.) I swear it’s true! — billahi/tallahi I swear to God it’s true!/So help me God! valorizasyon valorization, valor value.
vals waltz. — yapmak to waltz, valuta (./.) value, market value, price, valuta, vamp, -pi 1. vamp, unscrupulous seductress. 2. vampish.
vampir 1. vampire. 2. zool. vampire bat, vampire, Desmodus.
Van Van (in eastern Turkey). — Gölü Lake Van.
   —      kedisi see vankedisi. vana (/.) valve (for controlling the flow of a liquid/a gas); cock; stopcock, vanadyum (./.) chem. vanadium, vandal vandal, wanton destroyer of something beautiful, vandalizm see vandallik. vandallik vandalism, wanton destruction of things of beauty, vandöz female sales clerk, Brit, shopgirl, vanilin chem. vanillin, vanilline. vanilya (./.) 1. bot. vanilla, Vanilla fragrans.
   2. powdered vanilla, vanilyah (./..) (s.t.) which contains vanilla;
   (s.t.) which has been flavored with vanilla, vanite vanity.
vankedisi, -ni (/...) a long-haired breed of cat found in the Van area (in eastern Turkey), vanstep, -pi (/.) one-step (a dance), vantilasyon ventilation, vantilatör electric fan, fan. vantrilok, -ku ventriloquist, vantrlok, -ku see vantrilok, vantuz 1. rubber suction cup. 2. med. cupping glass (for drawing blood). 3. zool. sucker, sucking dish. — çekmek /a/ to cup, apply a cupping glass to. vantuzbalığı, -ni (./...) zool. remora, sucking fish, shark sucker, Echeneis. vaporizasyon vaporization, vaporizatör atomizer, vaporizer, vapur 1. steamship, steamer. 2. slang person who’s stinking drunk, person who’s three sheets in the wind, vapurculuk operating a steamship line, vapurdumanı, -ni (./:..) 1. smoke gray. 2. smoke-gray.
 var
 919
varlık
 var 1. existing, in existence. 2. present, in attendance; at hand, available. 3. used to indicate a willingness to participate in s.t.: Ben varım. Count me inl/Tm willing to do it./ I’m with you. 4. colloq. one’s all, everything one has: Bütün varını bu işe harcadı. He put his heart and soul into this job. — eli titremez, proverb A rich person doesn’t hesitate to contribute to a good cause. — etmek hi to bring (s.t.) into existence, create. — evi kerem evi, yok evi verem/elem evi. proverb A rich household is a house of plenty and magnanimity; a poor household is a house of trouble and sorrow. — gücüyle colloq. with all his/her might. —sa hünerin, var her yerde yerin; yoksa hünerin, var her yerde yerin, proverb A talented person never has any trouble making his/her way in the world; the opposite, however, is true of the person who lacks a talent or skill. — ktivvetiyle colloq., see var gücüyle. — mısın? colloq. Will you?/How about it? — mi bana yan bakan! colloq. Who dares to say me nay? — mı pulun, herkes kulun; yok mu pulun, dardır yolun, proverb, see Varsa pulun, herkes kulun; yoksa pulun, dardır yolun. — ne bilsin yok halinden, proverb A rich person can’t really appreciate what it’s like to be poor. — ol! colloq. Good for you!/Well done!/Bravo! — olmak 1. to exist. 2. to come into existence. — olsun, yerinde olsun, colloq. I wish him/her well, nevertheless I’m glad I don’t have to see too much of him/her. — sa pulun, herkes kulun; yoksa pulun, dardır yolun, proverb If you have money, people will bow and scrape to you; but if you are penniless, they won’t even give you the time of day. — varlatır, yok söyletir. proverb Wealth breeds more wealth, but poverty breeds only grumbling, —mı veren utanmamış, proverb A person whose means only permit him/her to give a small thing need not be ashamed of the smallness of his/ her gift, because the willingness to give is more important than the gift itself. — yok colloq. approximately, about, close to: Cem beş yaşında var yok. I’d say Cem’s close to five years old. — ı yoğu colloq. everything one owns, all that one has, all one’s worldly wealth. — sa ... yoksa .... (—sa yoksa ....) colloq. to be the apple of someone’s eye; to be all someone thinks of/about: Onun için, varsa Yasemin yoksa Yasemin. Yasemin’s the apple of his eye. Varsa yoksa para, başka bir şey düşünmez. All he thinks about is money, —la yok arası colloq. 1. very slight, minuscule. 2. rarely, —a yoğa karışmak colloq. to poke one’s nose into everything. —mı yoğunu kaybetmek colloq. to lose everything one has. varkgele (../.) naut. boat which is propelled by a guess-rope. — halatı guess-rope, varak 1. sheet (of paper, gold leaf, silver leaf).
    2. leaf (of a book), varaka obs. printed form; official document, certificate, varakçı 1. gilder. 2. silverer. varaklama hi 1. gilding. 2. to silvering, varaklamak hi 1. to gild. 2. to silver, varaklanma 1. being gilded. 2. being silvered, varaklanmak 1. to be gilded. 2. to be silvered, varaklı 1. gilded. 2. silvered. 3. (book, etc.)
    made up of (so many) leaves, varda (/.) naut. Look out!/Keep clear!/Make way!
vardabandira (../..) naut. signalman, vardakosta (../.) 1. formerly coast guard cutter.
    2. slang big, good-looking woman, eye-catcher.
vardırma /ı, a/ letting (a matter) reach (a certain point).
vardırmak /ı, a/ to let (a matter) reach (a certain point).
vardiya (/..) 1. shift (in a factory): gece vardiyası night shift. 2. naut. watch. — şefi shift boss.
varek varec, varech, seaweed, kelp, wrack, vareste (—..) /dan/ obs. freed from, relieved from, unencumbered by. vargel naut., see varagele, vargı log. conclusion, consequence, varılma /a/ reaching (a place/a conclusion/an outcome).
varılmak /a/ impersonal passive to reach (a place/a conclusion/an outcome), varış 1. arrival. 2. colloq. understanding, comprehension, insight. — çizgisi sports finish line (on a running track). — ma gelişim, tarhana aşma bulgur aşım, proverb People generally behave toward you in more or less the same way that you behave toward them.
    —     hattı sports, see varış çizgisi, varışlı colloq. quick, keenly intelligent, varışlılık colloq. (mental) quickness, vari zool. vari, ruffed lemur, Lemur varius. varidat, -ti (—..) obs. income; revenue, varik prov. 1. chicken. 2. duck, varil barrel.
vâris (—.) heir, inheritor.
varis path. 1. varix, varicose vein, varicosity.
    2.    varicosis, varicosity, varisli 1. (s.o.) who has varicose veins. 2. varicose.
varit (—,) obs. likely to happen; possible, variyet, -ti (—..) colloq. wealth, riches, variyetli (—...) colloq. rich, wealthy, varlık 1. existence, being. 2. presence, being present. 3. living creature; inanimate, created thing. 4. wealth, riches. — ta darlık çekmek colloq. to be unable to make use of the wealth that one has. —a darlık olmaz, proverb Wealth makes all things possible. — göstermek colloq. to do something that wins people’s approval, make a good showing, —a güvenilmez, proverb Being wealthy does not mean that one can spend money with
varlıkbilim
920
vasi
    abandon; even the greatest of fortunes can be frittered away in time. — içinde yaşamak colloq. to live in easy circumstances. — içinde yokluk colloq. scarcity despite wealth.
    —      vergisi tax on wealth and earnings (levied only once, in 1942). varlıkbilim (./..) phil. ontology, varlikbilimci (./...) phil. ontologist. varlikbilimsel (./...) phil. ontological, ontologic. varlıklı rich, wealthy, varliksal existential, related to existence, varma /a/ 1. reaching, arriving at, arrival; coming to; getting to, getting as far as. 2. (a woman’s) marrying (a man). — limanı port of discharge, varmak, -ır /a/ 1. to reach, arrive at; come to; to get to, get as far as. 2. (for a woman) to marry (a man), varan ... varan .... colloq. Here’s ...!/There’s ...! (followed by a number)'. Varan bir, varan iki. Here’s one! Here’s two! Varan dört. That makes four! Var .../Varın .... colloq. 1. Well then ...!/ ... then!: Var git! colloq. Well then go!/ Go if that’s what you want to do! 2. Just you ...!/You just ...!: Var ne olacağını düşün! You just think of what’ll happen then! varıncaya kadar /a/ colloq. up to, to. Varsın .... colloq. might as well: “Güliz gelemeyecekmiş.” “Varsın gelmesin. Gündemde onu ilgilendiren pek bir şey yok.” “It seems Güljz can’t make it.” “It doesn’t matter whether she comes or not. There’s practically nothing on the agenda that concerns her.” Varsın yetki ona resmen verilsindi. He might as well have been given the authority officially, varıncaya kadar /a/1. by the time we’ve reached (a specified place). 2. colloq. even: Nigâr teyzeye varıncaya kadar herkes orada hazır bulunuyordu. Everybody, even Aunt Nigâr, was there. Vardığın yer körse gözünü kapa, proverb When in Rome do as the Romans do. varoluş (/..) phil. existence, varoluşçu (/...) phil. 1. (an) existentialist. 2.
    existentialist, existentialistic. varoluşçuluk (/....) phil. existentialism, varoş suburb.
varsağı a type of folk poem, varsam zool., see barsam, varsam (/..) hallucination, varsayılı (/...) hypothetical, varsayılma (/...) 1. being supposed, being assumed. 2. being hypothesized, varsayılmak (/...) 1. to be supposed, be assumed. 2. to be hypothesized, varsayım (/..) 1. hypothesis. 2. supposition, assumption, varsayımlı (/...) hypothetical, varsayımsal (/...) hypothetical. varsayma (/..) hi 1. supposing, assuming. 2.
    hypothesizing, varsaymak (/..) hi 1. to suppose, assume. 2. to hypothesize.
varsıl wealthy.
varsilerki, -ni (./..) pol. plutocracy, varsıllaşma becoming wealthy, getting rich, varsıllaşmak to become wealthy, get rich, varsıllaştırılma being enriched, being made wealthy.
varsıllaştırılmak to be enriched, be made wealthy.
varsıllaştırma hi enriching, making (s.o.) wealthy.
varsıllaştırmak 111 to enrich, make (s.o.)
   wealthy, varsıllık wealth, wealthiness.
Varşova (./.) Warsaw. — Paktı Warsaw Pact, varta (/.) colloq. dangerous situation, tight spot.
   —yı atlatmak to escape from a dangerous situation, get out of a tight spot, varyans phys., chem. variance, varyant, -ti 1. variant, variant form. 2. variant reading (of a text). 3. detour, Brit, diversion, varyasyon mus., biol. variation, varyemez colloq. 1. miser, pinchpenny, skinflint.
   2.    miserly, stingy, varyemezlik colloq. miserliness, stinginess, varyete (./.) variety show, varyos sledge hammer, sledge, vasal vassal, vasallik vassalage.
vasat, -ti 1. average; middling, mediocre. 2. average, arithmetic mean. 3. obs. center, middle. 4. obs. environment, vasati (..—) 1. mean, average, roughly equal to an arithmetic mean. 2. obs. central, middle, —sini almak Iml to find the average of, find the mean of. — güneş zamanı astr. mean solar time, mean time. — öğle astr. mean noon. — sürat average speed. — zaman astr. mean time, mean solar time, vasektomi surg., see vazektomi. vasıf, -sfı 1. quality, attribute. 2. obs., gram. adjective.
vasıflandırılma being described/characterized, vasıflandırılmak to be described, be characterized.
vasıflandırma 111 describing, characterizing, vasıflandırmak 111 to describe, characterize, vasıflanma being described/characterized, vasıflanmak to be described, be characterized, vasıflı qualified, skilled. — işçi skilled worker, vasıfsız unqualified, unskilled. — işçi unskilled worker.
vasıl (—.) used in: — olmak /a/ to reach, arrive at, come to. vasıta (—..) 1. means. 2. vehicle, means of transportation. 3. implement, instrument. 4. intermediary. — siyla Iml by means of. vasıtalı (—...) 1. indirect, involving an intermediary. 2. indirectly, through an intermediary, vasıtasız (—...) 1. direct, not involving an intermediary. 2. directly, not through an intermediary, vâsi, -ii (—.) broad, wide, vasi (.—) law 1. guardian (of a child/an in-
vasilik
921
vebalı
    competent person). 2. executor (of an estate), vasilik (.—.) law guardianship, wardship, vasistas (/..) transom, transom window, vasiyet, -ti 1. will, testament. 2. last request (of a dying person). — etmek 111 to request.jthat (s.t.) be carried out after one’s death: Ölümünden sonra kitaplarının bir kütüphaneye verilmesini vasiyet etti. He requested that his books be given to a library upon his death. — ölüm getirmez, proverb Taking measures to avert trouble is a sensible action; in no way does it mean that the trouble you are anticipating will befall you. vasiyetname (...—.) will, testament (in written form).
 vasletme (/..) hi obs. uniting, joining, vasletmek (/..) Ill obs. to unite, join, vaşak zool. lynx, Lynx.
                                                           Vaşington (./.) Washington, D.C. (U.S.A.). vaşington (./.) 1. bot. navel orange, navel, Citrus aurantium. 2. a kind of watermelon, vat, -ti elec. watt. — saat watt-hour, vatan one’s native country, fatherland, motherland, mother country. — ı kurtarmak slang
    1.    to manage to cope with the situation. 2. to work away as if one’s life depended on it (when such work won’t actually do much to remedy the situation), vatandaş citizen; fellow citizen, vatandaşlık citizenship, vatani (..—) patriotic, pertaining to one’s native land. — görev/vazife military service, vatanperver see vatansever, vatanperverlik see vatanseverlik, vatansever 1, (a) patriot. 2. patriotic, vatanseverlik patriotism; patriotic action, vatansız stateless, vatansızlık statelessness.
                                                           Vatikan (./.) 1. the Vatican. 2. Vatican City. 3.
    Vatican, of the Vatican, vatka (/.) tailor, shoulder padding (in a garment).
 vatman motorman, driver of a streetcar, vatos zool., see vatoz.
                                                           vatoz zool. 1. ray, skate, Raja. 2. rabbitfish, Chimaera monstrosa. 3. cat shark, Scyliorhinus. vaveyla (—.—) shout, shouting (of a group).
    —yı koparmak to begin to shout, raise a shout.
vay 1. Oh! (showing surprise). 2. Oh!/Ouf! (showing pain). 3. Woe be to ...!: Vay başıma! Woe is me! O namussuzu bir yakalarsam, vay haline! If I ever lay hands on that scoundrel, he’ll wish he’d never been born.
 vazektomi surg. vasectomy, vazelin Vaseline.
 .vazelinleme 111 applying Vaseline to. vazelinlemek 111 to apply Vaseline to. va’zetme (/..) /a/ preaching (to), giving a sermon (to).
vazetme (/..) Ill obs. 1. making (a law). 2. imposing (a tax).
va’zetmek (/..) /a/ to preach (to), give a sermon (to).
vazetmek (/..) Ill obs. 1. to make (a law). 2. to impose (a tax), vazgeçme (/..) /dan/ 1. renouncing one’s claim to (s.t.). 2. giving up, abandoning (a habit/a viewpoint). 3. deciding not to (do s.t.), giving up the idea of (doing s.t.). vazgeçmek (/..) /dan/ 1. to renounce one’s claim to (s.t.). 2. to give up, abandon (a habit/a viewpoint). 3. to decide not to (do s.t.), give up the idea of (doing s.t.). vazıh (—.) obs. manifest, clear, easily understood.
vazife (.—.) 1. duty, responsibility. 2. homework. 3. job, employment, function. — aşkı love of one’s job. —si mi? colloq. But what’s it to him/her?/He/She couldn’t care less! —sinden olmak to be dismissed from one’s job.
vazifelendirilme (.—......) being charged with a
                                                            duty; /la/ being assigned, charged with, or entrusted with (a duty/a job), vazifelendirilmek (.— .....) to be charged with a duty; /la/ to be assigned, charged with, or entrusted with (a duty/a job), vazifelendirme (.—....) 1. Ill charging (s.o.) with a duty. 2. /i, la/ assigning/entrusting (a duty/ a job) to; charging (s.o.) with (a duty/a job), vazifelendirmek (.—....) 1. Ill to charge (s.o.) with a duty. 2. /i, la/ to assign/entrust (a duty/ a job) to; to charge (s.o.) with (a duty/a job), vazifeli (.— ..) 1. charged with a duty/a task. 2.
   on duty. 3. employed, vazifeşinas (.—...) devoted to one’s work; conscientious (worker), vazifeten (.—'..) (going somewhere) on business; (doing s.t.) as part of one’s job. vaziyet, -ti 1. condition, state. 2. situation, circumstances, plight. 3. position. — almak mil. to stand at attention. — e bağlı olmak to depend upon the situation, depend on how things stand, vazo (/.) vase.
vazodilatör med. 1. (a) vasodilator. 2. vasodilator, vasodilative. vazokonstriktör med. 1. (a) vasoconstrictor. 2.
   vasoconstrictor, vasoconstrictive. vazomotor med. vasomotor, v.b. (abbr. for ve başkaları or ve benzeri) etc. (et cetera).
ve and. — başkaları/benzeri et cetera; and so forth, and so on. veba (.—) path. 1. plague, pestilence; bubonic plague. 2. any plague, any fatal and contagious disease, vebal, -li (evil) consequences (of an evil action). —i boynuna! On his/her/your head be it!/The responsibility is his/hers/yours! —ini çekmek Iml to suffer the consequences (of an evil action), vebalı (.—.) stricken with plague; infested with plague.
veca
 922
venüsçarığı
veca, -aı (.—) obs. ache, pain, vecibe (.—.) obs. duty, obligation, vecih, -çhi obs. 1. face. 2. way, manner: bu veçhile thus, in this way. hiç bir veçhile in no way. her veçhile in every way. 3. as: yukarıda anlattığım veçhile as I explained above.
vecit, -cdi ecstasy; rapture. — e gelmek to become ecstatic/rapturous, veciz short and to the point; pithy, meaty, vecize (.—.) pithy saying, epigram, aphorism, veçhe obs. \. side, aspect. 2. way, course, direction.
veda, -ai (.—) farewell, good-bye. — etmek /a/ to say farewell (to), say good-bye (to), —a gitmek /a/ to go to say farewell to, go to say good-bye to. — partisi farewell party, farewell.
vedalaşma (.—..) saying farewell to each other, saying good-bye to each other, vedalaşmak (.—..) to say farewell to each other, say good-bye to each other, vedet, -ti star, leading man; leading lady; performer who gets top billing, vedia (.—.) obs. something entrusted to another for safekeeping, vefa (.—) 1. fidelity, loyalty, faithfulness. 2. being true to one’s word. — etmek (for one’s life) to last long enough (for one to be able to do a specified thing), vefakâr (.—*.) see vefalı, vefalı (.—.) faithful, loyal, vefasız (.—.) unfaithful, disloyal, vefasızlık (.— ..) unfaithfulness, disloyalty, vefat, -ti (.—) death, decease, passing. — etmek to die, pass away, vehim, -hmi obs. groundless fear/worry/appre-hension; needlessly fearing the worst. — e kapılmak/düşmek to worry for no good reason; to fear the worst needlessly, vehleten (/..) obs. suddenly, vehmetme (/..) hi imagining (s.t. bad) groundlessly.
vehmetmek (/..) l\l to imagine (s.t. bad) groundlessly, vejetalin vegetable butter, vejetarizm vegetarianism, vejetaryen 1. (a) vegetarian. 2. vegetarian, vejetaryenlik vegetarianism, vejetasyon vegetation, vejetatif vegetative.
vekâlet, -ti (.—.) 1. proxy; power of attorney; power to act for or represent another. 2. obs. ministry, governmental department headed by a minister. — emrine alınmak obs. (for a government official) to be temporarily removed from his/her position. — etmek /a/ to represent (s.o.); to act as (s.o.’s) proxy.
   —   ücreti fee paid to one’s lawyer. — vermek /a/ to give (s.o.) the power to act in one’s stead.
vekâleten (.—'..) as (s.o.’s) representative/deputy, by proxy.
vekâletname (.—-.— .) power of attorney (in written form), vekil 1. agent; representative; deputy; attorney;
    proxy. 2. minister of state, cabinet member, vekilharç majordomo, butler, vekillik 1. proxy; power of attorney; power to act for or represent another. 2. ministry, ministership, vektör math, vector, veladet, -ti (.—.) obs. birth, velayet, -ti (.—.) 1. law guardianship, wardship.
   2.  the qualities possessed by a holy man, sainthood.
velense (./.) a thick woolen blanket covered with a long nap on one side, velespit, -ti obs. velocipede, bicycle, velet colloq. kid, brat, child. — i zina obs.
    illegitimate child, bastard, velev 1. even if .... 2. (It doesn’t matter) whether it’s (one) or whether it’s (the other): Velev ben velev sen, farketmez. It doesn’t matter whether it’s me or whether it’s you. — ki even if ...: Öyle birini, velev ki dünya güzeli olsun, evime sokmam! I won’t allow such a person in my house, even if she’s the most beautiful creature on earth! velhasıl (/—.) in short, velhasılıkelam (.—....) see velhasıl, veli (.—) 1. guardian (of a child). 2. man close to God, holy man, wali, saint, veliaht heir apparent (to a throne), veliahtlık heir apparency, velilik (.—.) 1. guardianship, wardship. 2. being a holy man, sainthood.
velinimet, -ti (.-----.) benefactor, patron.
velodrom velodrome; open-air bicycle track, velosipet, -ti obs., see velespit, velospit, -ti obs., see velespit, velur 1. velvet, velure. 2. velvet, velure, made of velure.
velut 1. fecund, fertile. 2. productive, prolific, velür see velur.
velvele outcry, clamor, hubbub, —ye vermek III colloq. to set (a place) in an uproar, cause pandemonium to break loose in (a place), velveleci clamorous, noisy, velveten 1. velveteen. 2. velveteen, made of velveteen, vena (/.) anat. vein, vendetta (./.) vendetta.
Venedik (./.) 1. Venice. 2. Venetian, Venice, of Venice.
venedikmozaiği, -ni (./.....) terrazzo. venedikstoru, -nu (./...) Venetian blind, veneryen path, venereal.
Venezuela (.../.) 1. Venezuela. 2. Venezuelan, Venezuela, of Venezuela.
Venezuelali (.../..) 1. (a) Venezuelan. 2. Venezuelan (person), venin venin, venene, venine.
Venüs (/.) astr. Venus.
venüsçarığı, -m (/....) bot. lady’s slipper, Cypri-pedium.
veranda
 923
vermek
veranda (./.) 1. veranda, porch. 2. sun porch, sun parlor, solarium, veraset, -ti (.—.) 1. inheritance. 2. biol. heredity, hereditary transmission, verdi rate of flow, intensity of flow (of water/ electricity), verdirme h, a/ having (s.o.) give (s.t.). verdirmek h, a/ to have (s.o.) give (s.t.). vere hist, surrender (of a fortified place), verecek debt, money owed, debit, verecekli 1. debtor. 2. /a/ (s.o.) who owes money to.
verek slang passive male homosexual, queen, verem path. 1. tuberculosis, T.B. 2. tubercular, tuberculous. — olmak to get tuberculosis, get T.B.
veremli tubercular, tuberculous, verese obs. heirs, inheritors, veresiye 1. (buying s.t.) on credit. 2. haphazardly. 3. (doing s.t.) partially, halfway, by halves.
        şarap içen, iki kez/kere sarhoş olur. proverb Buying on credit is not to be recommended: it merely drags out the process of parting with one’s money, verev tailor. 1. bias, diagonal; cut/folded on the bias. 2. (cutting/folding cloth) on the bias, vergi 1. tax. 2. /a/ something with which (a person) is naturally endowed: Bu kabiliyet sana vergi bir şey. This is an ability with which you’ve been naturally endowed. 3. charitable contribution/gift. 4. prov. wedding present, —ye bağlı subject to taxation, taxable. — beyannamesi tax return, tax statement. — dairesi tax office. — kaçakçılığı tax evasion. — kaçakçısı tax evader. — memuru official who works in a tax office, —den muaf tax-exempt, tax-free. — mükellefi taxpayer, —ye tabi subject to taxation, taxable. — tahakkuku assessment of taxes. — tahsildarı tax collector, vergici 1. tax collector. 2. official who works in a tax office, vergicilik the work of tax collector; collecting taxes, vergileme /ı/ taxing, vergilemek /ı/ to tax. vergilendirilme being taxed, vergilendirilmek to be taxed, vergilendirme /ı/ taxing, vergilendirmek /ı/ to tax. vergili 1. subject to taxation, taxable. 2. (price) which has the tax added to it. 3. generous, munificent.
vergisiz 1. not subject to taxation; tax-free. 2. (price) which does not have the tax added to it.
veri datum. — bankası comp, data base. — iletimi comp, data transmission. — işlem merkezi comp, data processing center. — merkezi comp, data center. — tabanı comp, data base.
verici 1. transmitter. 2. med. donor.
verile 1. Let it be paid! 2. order for payment.
   —      emri order for payment, verilme /a/ being given (to), verilmek /a/ to be given (to), verim 1. yield, output, production. 2. efficiency, verimli 1. productive; fruitful. 2. efficient, verimlilik 1. productivity; fruitfulness. 2. efficiency.
verimsiz 1. unproductive; unfruitful. 2. inefficient.
verimsizlik 1. unproductiveness, lack of productivity. 2. inefficiency, veriştirme colloq. 1. /a/ giving (s.o.) a dressing down. 2. hi talking at length in (a certain way).
veriştirmek colloq. 1. /a/ to give (s.o.) a dressing down. 2. hi to talk at length in (a certain way): Pohpohlamaları veriştirdi. He poured on the flattery, verit obs., anat. vein.
verkaç, -çı soccer a player’s kicking the ball and then quickly running, passing and running.
vermek, -ir 1. /ı, a/ to give (s.t.) to. 2. /i, a/ to hand (s.t.) to. 3. /i, a/ to bequeath/leave (s.t.) to. 4. h, al to attribute (s.t.) to (s.o.’s state of mind). 5. ti, a/ to turn (s.t.) toward (s.t.).
    6. /i, a/ to give (a daughter) in marriage (to).
    7. /i, a/ to give (o.s.) over to (doing s.t. deleterious). 8. /i, a/ to abandon (o.s.) to, give (o.s.) over to (a pursuit). 9. /i, a/ to lean (s.t.) against (s.t.). 10. hi to give birth to. 11. Ill to produce, yield. 12. hi to hold (a party/a banquet); to give (a concert). 13. When suffixed to another verb it can indicate rapid1 sudden action: Aysel orada temizlik yaparken o koca kütüphane tam üzerine yuvar-lanıvermesin mi? Here’s an incredible piece of news: While Aysel was busy cleaning, that huge set of bookshelves suddenly toppled right on top of her! 14. When suffixed to another verb it can indicate a polite request: Oğlum bana bir çay getiriver! Bring me a glass of tea, there’s a good lad! Yer elini .... colloq. So then I went to .../And then I’ll go to ...: Antalya’ya gideceğim, orada iki gün kaldıktan sonra ver elini Kaş! I’ll go to Antalya; then two days later I’ll head for Kaş. Veren eli herkes öper, proverb A generous person is always popular. Veren eli kimse kesmez, proverb Nobody wants to cut, off the hand that feeds him/her. Vermemiş Mabut, neylesin Mahmut? (Vermeyince Mabut, ne yapsın Mahmut?) proverb If God doesn’t grant you prosperity and skill, what can you do? Verip (de) pişman olmaktan, vermeyip (de) düşman olmak yeğdir, proverb It is better to refuse to give someone something and make an enemy of him/her than to be generous and regret it later. Verirsen veresiye, batarsın karasuya. proverb If you sell on credit you will go bankrupt, verip veriştirmek /a/ colloq. to give (s.o.) a good dressing down, give (s.o.)
vermikülit
924
vızlamak
    down the country. Ver yiğidi yiğide, Mevla rızkın yetire, proverb Let them get married; God will provide for them. Ver yiyeyim, ört yatayım, bekle canım çıkmasın, colloq. He/ She seems to think that he/she was put in the world so that everyone could wait on him/her hand and foot, vermikülit, -ti vermiculite. vermut, -tu vermouth.
vernalizasyon bot. vernalization, jarovization, yarovization, vernik varnish, vernikleme /ı/ varnishing, verniklemek /i/ to varnish, verniklenme being varnished, verniklenmek to be varnished, vernisaj varnishing day, vernissage, verniye vernier scale, vernier, veronika (../.) bot. speedwell, veronica, Veronica.
versatil used in: — kalem mechanical pencil, versiyon version, vertij path, vertigo.
veryansın used in: •— etmek to give someone/ something down the country, launch a vicious, no-holds-barred, verbal attack, vesaire          et  cetera; and  so forth,  and so
    on.
                                                             vesait, -ti (.—.) obs. 1. means of transportation, vehicles. 2. means. — i nakliye means of transportation, vehicle?, vesayet, -ti (.—.) law guardianship, wardship, vesika (.—.) 1. documen. certificate. 2. ration card.
vesikalı (.— ..) 1. (action) which is carried out only if the persor desiring it can produce the appropriate certificate 2. licensed (prostitute).
vesikalık (.— ..) suitable for a document/a certificate.
vesile (.—.) 1. means, cause: bu vesileyle thus, as a result of this. 2. opportunity; pretext, vesselam (/..) And that’s that! fsaid to emphasize the finality of a statement). vestern cin. Western movie, (a) Western, vestibül vestibule.
vestiyer checkroom, Brit, cloakroom, vestiyerci checkroom attendant, vesvese apprehension, misgiving, vesveseli apprehensive; full of misgivings, veteriner veterinarian.
veterinerlik 1. veterinary medicine. 2. being a veterinarian, vetire (.—.) obs. process, veto (/.) veto. — etmek /i/ to veto. — hakkı veto power, veto, the power of veto, the right of veto, veya (/—) or. veyahut (/—.) or. veyöz night-light.
vezaret, -ti (.—.) obs., see vezirlik.
vezin, -zni poet, meter.
vezinli poet, metrical, characterized by meter.
vezinsiz poet, (verse) which lacks meter, vezir 1. Ott. hist, vizier. 2. chess queen. — vü-zera colloq. important people, prominent people, notables, worthies, the bigwigs, veziriazam (.— .—■.) Ott. hist, grand vizier, vezirlik Ott. hist, vizierate, viziership. vezirparmağı, -m (./...) a sweet, finger-shaped pastry.
vezne cashier’s office; cashier’s window, teller’s window, vezneci cashier; teller.
veznedar 1. cashier; teller. 2. treasurer (of a firm, committee, etc.). veznedarlık 1. work/rank of a cashier/a teller.
   2.    treasurership, office of treasurer; work of a treasurer. 3. cashier’s office; cashier’s window, teller’s window, vıcık colloq. gooey, sticky. — vıcık etmek hi to make (s.t.) gooey/sticky, vıcıklama colloq. making (s.t.) into a goo, making a gaum of (s.t.). vıcıklamak III colloq. to make (s.t.) into a goo, make a gaum of (s.t.). vıcırdama prov. chirping (of a small bird, e.g. a sparrow).
vıcırdamak prov. (for a small bird, e.g. a sparrow) to chirp, vıdı vıdı (./ ..) colloq. 1. wearisome, unending chatter; yakking. 2. beefing, grousing, bellyaching. — etmek 1. to yak. 2. to beef, grouse, bellyache, gripe, vınlama buzzing, whizzing, whirring, vınlamak to buzz, whiz, whir, viraklama croaking (of a frog), vır aklamak (for a frog) to croak, vinldama colloq. muttering continuously, vinldamak colloq. to mutter continuously, vırıldanma colloq., see vinldama. vırıldanmak colloq., see vinldamak. vırıltı colloq. 1. yakking, yammering. 2. continuous muttering, virlama colloq., see vinldama. virlamak colloq., see vinldamak. virvir colloq. continuous grumbling, vır vır (/ .) colloq. grumblingly. — etmek to grumble all the time, vırvırcı colloq. 1. grumbler. 2. (one) who grumbles all the time, viz buzz; hum. — diye with a buzzing/humming sound. — gelmek /a/ colloq. (for s.t.) not to matter a whit to, not to be of the slightest importance to (s.o.). — gelir tins gider, colloq. It doesn’t matter one bit to me. vızıldama 1. buzzing; humming. 2. colloq.
   bellyaching/complaining continuously, vızıldamak 1. to buzz; to hum. 2. colloq. to bellyache/complain continuously, vızıltı 1. buzz; hum. 2. colloq. continuous bellyaching.
vızır vızır (./ ..) (working/moving) continually, constantly, vızlama buzzing; humming, vızlamak to buzz; to hum.
vibrasyon
 925
 vites
vibrasyon vibration, vibrato (./.) mus. vibrato, vibratör vibrator.
vibriyo (/..) biol. vibrio, curved and rod-shaped bacterium, vibriyon biol., see vibriyo. vicahen (.—.) obs. (meeting/talking) face-to -face.
vicahi (.— —) obs. face-to-face, personal, direct.
vicdan conscience. — azabı pangs of conscience. — hürriyeti/özgürlüğü freedom of conscience, —ı sızlamak Iml colloq. to suffer a pang/twinge of conscience, vicdanen (.—'.) as far as one’s conscience is concerned.
vicdani (.— —) of conscience, pertaining to one’s conscience, vicdanlı just, fair.
vicdansız 1. unjust, unfair. 2. unscrupulous, vicdansızlık 1. unjustness, unfairness. 2. unscrupulousness, vida (/.) 1. screw. 2. thread (on a screw, bolt, nut, etc.). —lan gevşemek slang to be unable to control one’s laughter, vidala (./.) calfskin, vidalama h! screwing (s.t.) in place, vidalamak hi to screw (s.t.) in place, vidalanma being screwed in place, vidalanmak to be screwed in place, vidalı (/..) 1. screwed. 2. provided with screws.
    3.    threaded, provided with threads (for screwing). — kapak screw cap; cover that screws onto something, vidanj sewage.
vidanjör 1. pump used to suck the sewage from a septic tank. 2. sewage truck (tank truck equipped with a suction pump, used for removing sewage from septic tanks), video (./.) TV 1. video deck; video player; video recorder. 2. video, related to or used in the transmission/reception of a television image, videoteyp (./..) TV video tape.
Vietnam (..'.) 1. Vietnam. 2. Vietnamese, Vietnam, of Vietnam. — Savaşı Vietnam War. Vietnamli (./..) 1. (a) Vietnamese. 2. Vietnamese (person), vigla (/.) 1. naut. crow’s nest. 2. platform where someone who watches a dalyan sits, vikaye (.—.) obs. protection. — etmek hf to protect, vikont, -tu viscount, vikontes viscountess.
viladi (.-----) obs. 1. inborn, congenital. 2. con-
    genitally, from birth, vilayet, -ti (.—.) province, vilayet, villa (/.) expensive detached house set in a garden.
vinç, -çi 1. crane (machine for lifting). 2. winch, vinçester Winchester rifle, Winchester, vinil 1. chem. vinyl. 2. vinyl plastic, vinyl. — klorid chem. vinyl chloride, vinter hoop net (for fishing).
vinterize (vegetable oil) which contains no substance that solidifies at 0° Centigrade, vinyet, -ti vignette, viola (./.) mus., see viyola, vira (/.) incessantly. V—! Keep on! (said when directing s.o. operating a crane). — etmek hi to lift (s.t.). — vira incessantly, continually.
viraj curve, bend (in a road). — almak 1. to go around a curve, take a curve (in a road).
   2.     slang to lie. virajlı winding, curving (road). — yol winding road, viral viral.
viran (—.) ruined, in ruins.
virane (-------.) (a) building in ruins, ruin, —ye
   çevirmek hi to destroy, ruin, devastate, —ye dönmek to be reduced to ruins, be devastated.
viraneleşme (— —...) being reduced to ruins, being devastated.
viraneleşmek (---------...) to be reduced to ruins,
   be devastated.
viraneleştirme (-------....) hi destroying, ruining,
   devastating.
viraneleştirmek (— —....) hi to destroy, ruin, devastate.
viranelik (— —..) place containing a ruin/ ruins.
viremya (./.) path, viremia. virgül comma.
virman used in: — etmek hi to transfer (mon-ey).
virolog virologist, viroloji virology, virtüöz mus. virtuoso, virtüözlük mus. virtuosity, virüs virus.
visal, -li (.—) obs. union/reunion (with one’s beloved).
visamiral, -li (/...) navy vice admiral, viski whisky, whiskey, viskonsül (/..) vice-consul, viskoz viscose.
viskozimetre (.../.) viscometer, viscosimeter. viskozite viscosity, visruva viceroy, vist, -ti whist (a card game), vişne (/.) bot. sour cherry, morello, amarelle, Prunus cerasus. vişneçürüğü, -nü (/....) 1. purple brown, oxide brown, oxide purple. 2. purple-brown, oxide -brown, oxide-purple, vitalite vitality, vitalizm vitalism, vitamin vitamin.
vitaminli vitamined, vitaminized; (s.t.) which contains vitamins, vitaminsiz deficient in vitamins; devoid of vitamins, vitaminsizlik path, avitaminosis, vitellüs (./.) biol. vitellus. vites 1. (a) gear (in the transmission of a motor
vitir
926
vukufsuz
   vehicle): birinci vites first gear, first, low gear, low. dördüncü vites fourth gear, fourth, high gear, high, geri vites reverse gear, reverse. 2. slang penis, tool. — büyültmek to upshift, shift to a higher gear. — değiştirmek to shift gears. —■ dişlisi change gear.
   —      kolu gearshift, gearshift lever, Brit, gear lever; shift stick, Brit, gear stick. — kutusu transmission, gearbox. — küçültmek to ' downshift, shift to a lower gear. — e takmak h! to put (a car/an engine) in gear, vitir, -tri Islam 1. a supererogatory namaz performed after the yatsı namazı. 2. the day before Kurban Bayramı, vitray stained glass.
vitrin 1. shopwindow. 2. showcase, vitrine. 3.
    china cabinet, viviseksiyon vivisection, viya (/.) naut. holding a straight course, viyadük viaduct.
viyaklama crying, wailing (of a baby), viyaklamak (for a baby) to cry, wail, viyaklatma hi making (a baby) cry/wail, viyaklatmak hi to make (a baby) cry/wail, viyak viyak (./ ..) used in: — ağlamak (for a baby) to cry, wail.
Viyana (./.) Vienna, viyola (./.) mus. viola, viyolist, -ti violist, viola player, viyolon mus. violin, violon. viyolonist, -ti violinist, viyolonsel mus. cello, violoncello, viyolonselist, -ti cellist, violoncellist, vizavi vis-a-vis.
vize (/.) 1. visa (in a passport). 2. visa (signature/stamp on a document signifying that it has been approved), vizita (./.) see vizite.
vizite (...) 1. visit (made by a physician to a patient), house call. 2. visit (made by a patient to a physician). 3. rounds (made by a physician in a hospital). 4. fee (charged to a patient each time he’s/she’s seen by a physician), viziyer* visor, peak (of a cap), vizon 1. zool. mink, Lutreola. 2. mink, fur of the mink. 3. mink, made of mink, vizor phot, viewfinder, finder, vizyon vision, —a girmek (for a movie) to begin to play, start to run. —dan kalkmak (for a movie) to stop playing, cease running. — sahibi a man of vision; a person of vision, vodvil vaudeville.
vokal, -li 1. vocal; voiced. 2 phon. (a) vocalic.
    3.    mus. vocals. — müzik vocal music, vokalist, -ti vocalist.
volan 1. mech. flywheel. 2. steering wheel (of an automobile). 3. tailor, flounce, ruffle, volant (on a woman’s dress), vole soccer, tennis volley, voleybol, -lu/-lü (./.) volleyball, voleybolcu (./..) volleyball player, voleybolcü (./..) see voleybolcu.
volfram (/.) chem. 1. wolframite, wolfram. 2.
    tungsten, wolfram, voli (/.) 1. cast, casting (of a large fishing net).
   2.     slang ill-gotten gain, gravy. — ağı cast net, casting net. — çevirmek 1. to fish with a cast net. 2. slang to pull a trick. — vurmak slang to make some money by swindling someone, volkan volcano.
volkanik volcanic. — dağ volcanic mountain.
    —     kaya volcanic rock, volt, -tu elec. volt.
volta (/.) 1. naut. one turn of a hawser/a cable around (a cleat, etc.). 2. naut. fouling of a cable. 3. naut. tacking against the wind. 4. slang pacing back and forth; pacing up and down, —sim almak slang to run away, beat it. — atmak slang to pace back and forth; to pace up and down. — etmek naut. 1. /i, a/ to wind (a hawser/a cable) around (a cleat, etc.). 2. (for a ship) to tack, sail in a zigzag course (against the wind). — vurmak 1. naut. (for a ship) to tack, sail in a zigzag course (against the wind). 2. slang to pace back and forth; to pace up and down, voltaj elec. voltage. — ı düşük slang not very bright, dim-witted, voltalama slang pacing back and forth; pacing up and down, voltalamak slang to pace back and forth; to pace up and down, voltalanma slang 1. going away, leaving. 2. running away, beating it. 3. being gotten rid of, being expelled, voltalanmak slang 1. to go away, leave. 2. to run away, beat it. 3. to be gotten rid of, be expelled, voltamper (/..) phys. volt-ampere. voltmetre (./.) phys. voltmeter, voltölçer (/..) phys., see voltmetre, vombat, -ti zool. wombat, Vombatus. vombatgiller zool. PhascolomidaelPhascolo-myidae. vonos zool., see vonoz, vonoz zool. young mackerel/sardine, votka (/.) vodka.
voyvo (/.) slang Hey!/Ey! (said disparagingly). voyvoda (./.) hist, vaivode, voivode, voivod. voyvodalık (./..) hist. 1. rank/office of a vaivode. 2. area ruled by a vaivode. v.s. (abbr. for vesaire) etc. (et cetera), vual, -li voile (a fabric), vualet, -ti veiling made of voile, vuku, -uu (.—) occurrence, occurring, coming to pass. — bulmak (—a gelmek) to occur, happen, take place. — u halinde in case of; in case (s.t. happens), vukuat, -ti (.—.) 1. obs. events, incidents. 2. colloq. instance of criminal activity, police case, crime, vukuf knowledge, knowing, comprehending, vukuflu well-informed, knowledgeable, vukufsuz uninformed, ignorant.
vukufsuzluk
 927
vuruşmak
vukufsuzluk lack of information, ignorance, vulkanizasyon vulcanization, vulkanize vulcanized. — etmek lif to vulcanize, vulva (/.) anat. vulva.
vurdumduymaz colloq. 1. thick-headed, stupid.
    2. thick-skinned, callous, insensitive. — Kör Ayvaz colloq. very insensitive person.
vurdumduymazlık colloq. 1. thick-headedness, stupidity. 2. callousness, insensitivity, vurdurma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) hit/strike (s.o./ s.t.). 2. having (s.o.) knock on/tap on (s.t.).
    3. having (s.o.) shoot/stab (s.o.). 4. having (s.o.) kill (s.o./an animal). 5. having (s.o.) hit (a target). 6. having (s.o.) hunt (animals).
    7. having (s.o.) drive (a nail, etc.) into (s.t.).
    8. having (s.o.) give (s.o.) (a hypodermic injection).
vurdurmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) hit/strike (s.o./ s.t.). 2. to have (s.o.) knock on/tap on (s.t.).
    3. to have (s.o.) shoot/stab (s.o.). 4. to have (s.o.) kill (s.o./an animal). 5. to have (s.o.) hit (a target). 6. to have (s.o.) hunt (animals).
    7. to have (s.o.) drive (a nail, etc.) into (s.t.).
    8. to have (s.o.) give (s.o.) (a hypodermic injection).
vurgu phon. accent, stress. — işareti/imi phon. accent mark, stress mark (')• vurgulama hf 1. emphasizing, stressing, laying stress on. 2. phon. accenting, accentuating, stressing.
vurgulamak hf 1. to emphasize, stress, lay stress on. 2. phon. to accent, accentuate, stress.
vurgulu phon. accented, stressed. — çalgılar/ sazlar mus. percussion instruments. — hece accented syllable, stressed syllable, vurgun 1. /a/ colloq. in love with, smitten with, struck on, sweet on. 2. colloq. ill-gotten gain, gravy. 3. colloq. swindle, instance of swindling. 4. bot. struck, blighted, damaged. 5. path, the bends, caisson disease, the chokes, the staggers, aeroembolism, air bends. — vurmak colloq. to pull a deal, make a killing (by swindling s.o.). — yemek path, to be crippled by the bends; to die from the bends, vurguncu colloq. 1. profiteer. 2. (s.o.) who engages in profiteering, vurgunculuk colloq. profiteering, vurgusuz phon. unaccented, unstressed. — hece unaccented syllable, unstressed syllable, vurma 1. /a/ hitting, striking. 2. /a/ knocking on; tapping on. 3. hf shooting; stabbing. 4. fif killing. 5. I\l hitting (a target). 6. hi slamming (s.t.) shut. — çalgılar/sazlar mus. percussion instruments, vurmak, -ur 1. /a/ to hit, strike. 2. /a/ to knock on; to tap on. 3. hi to shoot; to stab. 4. hi to kill. 5. hi to hit (a target). 6. hi to hunt (animals). 7. h, a/ to drive (a nail, etc.) into (s.t.). 8. /i, a/ to give (s.o.) (a hypodermic injection): Doktor, Orçun’a iğne vurmadı. The doctor didn’t give Orçun a shot. 9. h, a/ to put (one thing) on (another): Döndü boh-
   çayı sırtına vurdu. Döndü put the large bundle on her shoulder. O kola bir yama vuracağım. I’ll put a patch on that sleeve. Polis, Berke’nin ellerine kelepçe vurdu. The policeman handcuffed Berke. On kapıya kırmızı boya vurmak istiyor. He wants to paint the front door red. Ağrıyan koluna hardal yakısı vurdu. She put a mustard plaster on her aching arm. 10. /i, a/ to multiply: Onu ona vurursan, yüz eder. If you multiply ten by ten, you get a hundred. 11. /a/ (for light/a shadow/rain/wind) to hit, strike, fall on. 12. hf (for a clock) to strike (the hour). 13. hf slang to steal. 14. hi slang to have, knock back (a drink). 15. hf (for s.t.) to make (s.o.) sick; /a/ (for s.t.) to make (itself) felt in (a part of one’s body). 16. hf (for a shoe) to chafe, blister (one’s foot). 17. /a/ colloq. to strike out along, head out along (a road); to head for. 18. h, a/ to knock/throw (s.o./s.t.) to/on (the ground). 19. hi to slam (s.t.) shut. 20. hi (for s.t.) to damage/blight (a crop). 21. (for one’s heart/pulse) to beat. Vur abalıya! Jump on someone who’s weaker than you are! (said reproachfully). Vur dedikse öldür demedik ya! colloq. I didn’t ask you to go that far! vur deyince öldürmek colloq. to carry things to extremes, vur patlasın, çal oynasın colloq. 1. (enjoying o.s.) wildly, to the hilt, by whooping it up, by painting the town red, by living it up. 2. living it up, Brit, going on the razzle: Bu tazminat bir elime geçsin, ondan sonra vur patlasın çal oynasın! Once I get my hands on this retirement bonus, I’m going to live it up! vurdukça tozumak colloq. to get more complicated the deeper one gets into it. vurtut colloq. 1. riot involving the use of weapons. 2. (getting s.t.) by hard bargaining, vuru 1. beat (of a heart). 2. mech. stroke (of a piston, plunger, etc.). vurucu used in: — güç/kuvvet striking power (of an army). — tim team of sharpshooters (used against criminals/terrorists), vurulma 1. being hit/struck. 2. being shot; being stabbed. 3. being killed. 4. /a/ colloq. falling in love with, being smitten with, vurulmak 1. to be hit, be struck. 2. to be shot; to be stabbed. 3. to be killed. 4. /a/ colloq. to fall in love with, be smitten with, vuruntu knock (in an engine). — yapmak (for an engine) to knock, vuruş 1. blow; stroke. 2. way of hitting/striking.
   3.    phys. impact. 4. mus. beat, vuruşkan belligerent, bellicose, pugnacious, combative.
vuruşkanlık belligerence, bellicosity, pugnacity, combativeness. vuruşma 1. (of people) fighting each other, having a fight. 2. slang * screwing, having sex.
                                                           vuruşmak 1. (for people) to fight each other, have a fight. 2. slang to * screw, have sex.
vuruşturma                      928                             Xe
vuruşturma 1. hi causing (people/animals) to fight each other. 2. slang drinking together.
   3.     slang trying to fool each other with lies, vuruşturmak 1. hi to cause (people/animals) to fight each other. 2. slang to drink together.
   3.     slang to try to fool each other with lies, vuslat, -ti obs. union/reunion (with one’s beloved).
vusul, -lü (.—) obs. arrival. — bulmak /a/ to arrive at, reach, vuzuh obs. clearness, clarity, vücut 1. body (of a person/an animal). 2. being, existence. — bulmak to arise, come into being; to appear, —tan düşmek colloq. to grow thin; to decline in health. — geliştirme body building, —a gelmek to arise, come into be-
    ing; to appear, —a getirmek hi to create, produce, bring into being. — ısısı animal heat; body temperature. — kocar, gönül ko-camaz. proverb One’s body grows old, but not one’s heart. — unu ortadan kaldırmak İmi colloq. to kill, put (s.o.) away. — sıcaklığı see vücut ısısı. — vermek /a/ to create, produce, bring into being, vücutlu colloq. big and heavy, hulking (person), vükela (..—) Ott. hist, ministers of state, vülgarizasyon popularization, vulgarization, vülgarize vulgarized. — etmek hi to vulgarize, vürut (.—) obs. arrival. — etmek to arrive, vüsat, -ti (/.) obs. 1. breadth. 2. spaciousness.
    3.    math, volume, vüzera (..—) Ott. hist, viziers.
     W
W 1. the letter W. 2. chem. W (tungsten/               Wharton peltesi, -ni anat. Wharton’s jelly.
   wolfram). 3. elec. W (watt/watts).                  WHO/W.H.O. (abbr. for the World Health
W.C. W.C. (water closet).                                    Organization)   Dünya  Sağlık Örgütü.
       X
X 1. the letter X. 2. X (the Roman numeral symbol for 10). — ışınları X rays, X-rays, x rays, x-rays. — ışınları kristalografisi X-ray crystallography. — ışınları saptırması
  X-ray diffraction. — kromozomu biol. X chromosome, x math, x (an unknown quantity).
  Xe chem. Xe (xenon).
Y
Y   1. the letter Y. 2. chem. Y (yttrium). — kromozomu biol. Y chromosome, ya (—) 1. O ...!/Oh /..! (used to show strong emotion, especially exasperation)'. Ya Rabbi! O Lord!/0 my God! Ya sabır! God give me patience! 2. used to emphasize a rhetorical question: Bu curcunada çalışılır mı ya? Who can possibly work in the midst of this bedlam? 3. you know “Kimden duydun?” “Hani fizik dersimizde o sarışın dilber var ya, işte o söyledi.” “ Who’d you hear it from?” “You know that blonde bombshell who’s in our physics class? She told me.” “Burak bugün gelmedi.” “Hastaymış ya!” “Burak didn’t come today.” “Now you know we heard he was sick!” 4. used to emphasize a statement: Kör olası paranı aldın ya, benden daha ne bekliyorsun? You’ve gotten your damn money; what more do you want out of me? Sen beni ne zannediyorsun ya? Just who do you think I am? Söyle ya! Come on and say it! Alsana ya! Take some for heaven’s sake! Ya, demek öyle. So that’s the way it is, eh? Gelseydin ya! If only you’d come! 5. Especially ...!: İpek’in inceliği, iyi kalpliliği, yardımseverliği az kişide var; ya güzelliği! Few people are as sensitive, good-hearted, and helpful as İpek. And when it comes to looks, she puts them all in the shade! 6. What about ...?/How about ...?: Paris’i mayısta severim. Ya sen? I like Paris in May. How about you? Sen iyisin be! Ya ben ne yapayım? You’re sitting pretty, but what about me? What do I do? 7. And what if ...?: Onat onu getirir diyorsun, ya getirmezse? You say Onat will bring it. But what if he doesn’t? 8. Yes ./Yep ./Yup ./You’re right./ You said it!: “Hava soğuk.” “Ya, öyle.” “The weather’s cold.” “You’re right.” — sabır çekmek colloq. to put up with something (without outwardly complaining); to exercise forbearance, ya either ... or ...: Ya sen, ya ben! It’s either you or me! Kedimi ya Nilay, ya Gülay, ya da Tülay’a bırakacağım. I’m going to leave my cat to either Nilay, Gülay, or Tülay. — bu deveyi gütmeli, ya bu diyardan gitmeli. colloq. Take it or leave it!/Either accept the situation as it is and start working on it, or pack up your traps and clear out! — devlet başa, ya kuzgun leşe, colloq. When I’ve/ we’ve/he’s/she’s/they’ve finished this job I’ll/ we’ll/he’ll/she’ll/they’11 be one of two things:
    a shining success or a miserable failure ./This job will either make me/us/him/her/them or break me/us/him/her/them. — evlat bir, ya ocak kör (gerek), proverb Don’t have a lot of children, unless you want to be saddled with a lot of problems; one loving, dutiful child is all a parent needs. — herrü, ya mer-rü. colloq. It’s a case of do or die. yaba (wooden) pitchfork, yabalama /ı/ pitchforking, lifting/tossing (s.t.)
   with a pitchfork, yabalamak III to pitchfork, lift/toss (s.t.) with a pitchfork.
yaban 1. the wild, wilderness. 2. wild, uninhabited and uncultivated. 3. prov. stranger.
   —   adamı (a) savage, —a atmak hi colloq. to disregard; to attach no importance to; to brush aside, shrug off. —a söylemek colloq. to talk nonsense, talk rot.
yabanansi, -ni (./...) zool. wasp; hornet, Vespa.
yabanansigiller (./.....) zool. Vespidae. yabanarmudu, -nu (./...) bot., see ahlat, yabanasması, -m (./...) bot. virgin’s bower, Clematis.
yabancı 1. stranger; foreigner, alien. 2. foreign, alien. 3. unfamiliar, strange. — banka foreign bank. — cisimler path, foreign bodies.
   —   dil foreign language. — düşmanlığı xenophobia. — koyun kenara yatar, proverb A newcomer to a group remains an outsider for a time. — sı olmak Iml to be unfamiliar with; to know nothing about. — şirket foreign company. — ülke foreign country.
yabancılaşma 1. becoming strangers to each other, becoming alienated/estranged from each other, alienation, estrangement. 2. sociol. alienation, yabancılaşmak to become strangers to each other, become alienated/estranged from each other.
yabancılık 1. being a stranger/a foreigner. 2. foreignness. 3. unfamiliarity, strangeness. — çekmek to suffer the difficulties of being a stranger/a foreigner, yabandomuzu, -nu (./...) zool. wild boar, Sus scrofa.
yabâneşeği, -ni (./...) zool. wild ass, Equus. yabangülü, -nü (./..) bot. dog rose, dogberry, Rosa canina. yabanhavucu, -nu (./...) bot. parsnip, Pastinaca sativa.
 yabanıl
yabanıl 1. wild (plant). 2. wild, untamed, undomesticated (animal). 3. primitive/savage/ wild/uncivilized (person), yabanıllık wildness.
yabani (.—.) 1. wild (plant). 2. wild; untamed, undomesticated (animal). 3. very shy. 4. boorish, crude, yabaniakdiken (.—/...) bot. alder buckthorn, alder dogwood, Rhamnus frangula. yabaniispanak (.—/...) bot. wild spinach, Chenopodium album. yabanikimyon (.—/..) bot. bean caper, Zygo-phyllum fabago. yabanilik (.— ..) 1. wildness. 2. extreme shyness. 3. boorishness, crudity, yabanimarul (.— /..) bot. prickly lettuce, Lac-tuca serriola. yabanimercanköşk, -kü (.—/...) bot. wild marjoram, Origanum vulgare. yabanitütün (.— /..) bot. tree tobacco, wild tobacco, Nicotiana glauca. yabaniyasemin (.—/ — ..) bot. bittersweet, woody nightshade, Solanum dulcamara. yabankazi, -ni (./..) zool. wild goose, yabankeçisi, -ni (./...) zool. bezoar goat, Capra aegagrus.
yabankedisi, -ni (./...) zool. European wildcat, Fells sylvestris. yabanlaşma (a plant’s/an animal’s) going wild, yabanlaşmak (for a plant/an animal) to go wild, yabanlık (garment) which one wears on a dressy occasion, yabanmersini, -ni (./...) bot. bilberry, Vaccin-ium myrtillus. yabanördeği, -ni (./...) zool., see yeşilbaş, yabansı strange, peculiar, odd. yabansığırı, -m (./...) zool. gaur, Bibos gaurus. yabansılık strangeness, peculiarity, oddness, yabansıma /ı/ finding (s.o./s.t.) strange, regarding (s.o./s.t.) as strange, yabansımak 111 to find (s.o./s.t.) strange, regard (s.o./s.t.) as strange, yabansümbülü, -nü (./...) bot., see kedinanesi. yabanturpu, -nu (./..) bot. wild radish, jointed charlock, Raphanus raphanistrum. yabanyasemini, -ni (./—...) bot., see yabaniyasemin.
yabanyulafi, -ni (./...) bot. wild oat, Avena fatua.
                                                        yâd (—) used in: — etmek 111 see yâdetmek. yad 1. strange, unfamiliar, foreign. 2. enemy, of an enemy. 3. stranger; foreigner. 4. enemy.
   —  elde in a foreign land; away from home.
   —     eller unfamiliar/foreign lands, yaderk (/.) heteronomous, under the domination of another.
yaderklik (/..) heteronomy. yadestetik (/...) unaesthetic, unesthetic, yâdetme (—'..) Ill mentioning, talking of/about, thinking of, remembering, yâdetmek (—'..) hi to mention, talk of/about, think of, remember, yadgerekirci (/....) phil. 1. (an) indeterminist.
 930                                                   yağ
   2. indeterminist, indeterministic. yadgerekircilik (/.....) phil. indeterminism, yadımlama biol. catabolism, deassimilation, dissimilation, yadımlamak hi biol. to catabolize, dissimilate. yadmkurun (./..) asynchronous, asynchronistic, not simultaneous, yadırgama hi finding (s.o./s.t.) very strange/ odd.
yadırgamak hi to find (s.o./s.t.) very strange/ odd.
yadırganma being regarded as strange/odd. yadırganmak to be regarded as strange/odd. yadırgatma /ı, a/ causing (s.o.) tö regard (s.o./ s.t.) as very strange/odd. yadırgatmak /ı, a/ to cause (s.o.) to regard (s.o./ s.t.) as very strange/odd. yadırgı prov. 1. strange, odd. 2. foreign, unfamiliar, strange, yadigâr (—.—) keepsake; souvenir; remembrance.
yadrasyonel (/...) math, irrational (number), yadsili negative, (s.t.) that expresses/implies/ contains negation, yadsıma hi denying, denial; rejecting, rejection, yadsımacılık negativism, yadsımak l\l to deny; to reject.
Yafa (/.) Jaffa (the ancient Joppa), yafa (/.) bot. Jaffa orange, Jaffa (a cultivar). yafta (/.) label; price tag. yağ 1. oil; fat; grease; tallow; suet. 2. (cooking) oil; shortening; grease; fat; lard; butter; margarine, oleo, oleomargarine. 3. auto, motor oil; lubricating grease. — asitleri chem. fatty acids. — bağlamak 1. for oil/fat/grease floating on a surface to congeal. 2. colloq. to get fat. -—a bala batırmak hi colloq. to wine and dine (s.o.) lavishly. — baldan kelimat etmek colloq. to talk in honeyed tones; to talk unctuously; to lay it on. — bal olsun. colloq. I hope you enjoy/enjoyed it (said to s.o. eating/drinking). — basınçölçeri oil gauge (pressure gauge for oil). — basmak 1. /a/ to fill (a container) with fat/grease/but-ter. 2. colloq. to get fat. — bezi anat., see yağbezi. — brülörü oil burner. — çekmek /a/ colloq. to flatter, butter up; to lay it on. —da çözünen vitaminler fat-soluble vitamins. — çubuğu auto, dipstick. — gibi gitmek/kaymak colloq. (for a vehicle) to ride smoothly, have a smooth ride. — hücresi biol. fat cell, lipocyte, adipocyte. — ile yavşan, sirke ile tavşan, proverb You shouldn’t stint on the ingredients when you’re cooking: a lavish use of oil can make even speedwell taste good, —dan kıl çeker gibi colloq. with the greatest of ease, as easy as taking candy from a baby, as easy as falling off a log, as easy as one-two-three. — ma kıymayan çöreğini yoz/kuru yer. proverb If you want something good, you’ve got to be willing to make some sacrifices in order to get it. — kutusu mech. crankcase. — süzgeci auto, oil
 yağbezi                                           931
   filter. — tazyik manometresi see yağ basınçölçeri. — tulumu colloq. very fat person, tub of lard. — yedirmek /a/ to rub oil into (s.t.), oil, — yiyen köpek tüyünden belli olur (bellidir), proverb When someone gets rich overnight that usually means that he’s/she’s been up to no good, yağbezi, -ni (/..) anat. sebaceous gland, yağcı 1. seller of oil, butter, etc. 2. renderer of
   oil, lard, etc. 3. person who lubricates things, lubricator; greaser; oiler. 4. colloq. flatterer.
   5.  colloq. (s.o.) who is a flatterer, who butters people up.
yağcılık 1. being a dealer of oil, butter, etc. 2. being a renderer of oil, lard, etc. 3. being a lubricator, lubrication. 4. colloq. flattery, buttering people up. — etmek /a/ colloq. to flatter, butter up; to lay it on. yağdanlık oilcan; lubricator, yağdırma /i, a/ 1. raining/showering (s.t.) on.
                             2. causing (rain, snow, hail, etc.) to fall, yağdırmak /ı, a/ 1. to rain/shower (s.t.) on. 2.
   to cause (rain, snow, hail, etc.) to fall, yağdoku (/..) anat. adipose tissue, fatty tissue, yağhane (.—.) place where oil is made; rendering plant, yağı prov. enemy.
yağılaşma prov. 1. becoming enemies. 2. fighting with each other; /la/ fighting with, yağılaşmak prov. 1. to become enemies. 2. to fight with each other; /la/ to fight with, yağılık prov. enmity.
yağımsı oleaginous, oily; sebaceous, fatty, yağmma prov. 1. /a/ wanting to harm/kill (s.o.).
                             2. /a/ planning, plotting. 3. lying, bullshitting. 4. praising o.s., tooting one’s ownjiorn. yağmmak prov. 1. /a/ to want to harm/kill (s.o.).
   2. /a/ to plan, plot. 3. to lie, * bullshit. 4. to praise o.s., toot one’s own horn, yağır prov. 1. withers (of a horse). 2. saddle sore on a horse’s withers. —ı olan gocunur. proverb, see Yarası olan gocunur. — olmak (for a horse) to get a saddle sore on its withers.
yağış 1. fall, falling (of rain, snow, etc.). 2. precipitation; rain, yağışlı marked by rainfall/snowfall; rainy; showery.
                             yağışölçer (./..) rain gage, pluviometer, yağışsız without rainfall/snowfall, lacking precipitation; rainless, yağız 1. dark, swarthy (person). 2. dark (horse), yağlama hi 1. oiling; lubricating, lubrication; greasing. 2. getting (s.o./s.t.) oily/greasy. 3. colloq. flattering, flattery, buttering up; laying it on. — yağı lubricating oil, lubricant, yağlamak hi 1. to oil; to lubricate; to grease.
   2.  to get (s.o./s.t.) oily/greasy. 3. colloq. to flatter, butter up; to lay it on. yağlayıp bal-lamak hi colloq. to describe (s.t.) as being much better than it actually is, paint a glowing picture of, paint (s.t.) in glowing colors.
                                                                                               yağmur
yağlanma 1. being oiled/lubricated/greased. 2.
   getting oily/greasy. 3. colloq. getting fat. yağlanmak 1. to be oiled; to be lubricated; to be greased. 2. to get oily/greasy. 3. colloq. to get fat.
yağlatma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) oil/lubricate/grease (s.t.).
yağlatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) oil/lubricate/ grease (s.t.). yağlayıcı 1. lubricant. 2. lubricator, lubricating device; grease gun; grease cup. 3. lubricative; lubricatory.
yağlı 1. oily, oleaginous; fatty; greasy; tallowy; suety; lardy; buttery. 2. made with oil/fat/ grease/tallow/suet/shortening/lard/butter/ margarine. 3. colloq. fat; plump; obese. 4. colloq. rich, in the money, well-off, well -fixed. 5. colloq. easy and very profitable.
   —   ballı olmak colloq. to be on familiar terms with each other, be chummy with each other; /la/ to be on familiar terms with, be chummy with, be thick with. — güreş greased wrestling (a form of wrestling popular in Turkey). — kâğıt a wrapping paper resistant to oil/grease. — kapı colloq. rich employer. — kireç fat lime. — kömür bituminous coal, fat coal. — kuyruk colloq. job from which or person off whom a lot of money can be easily made. — müşteri colloq. well-heeled/rich customer.
yağlıboya (./..) 1. oil paint. 2. oil, painted with oil paint. Y—! Gangway! — resim oil painting.
yağlık prov. large napkin/handkerchief, yağlıkçı prov. 1. seller of large napkins, handkerchiefs, bed linen, and table linen. 2. person who has bridal clothes for rent.
'yağma /a/ raining/showering/falling abundantly (on/upon).
2yağma looting, plundering, sacking, pillaging.
   —   etmek hi to loot, plunder, sack, pillage.
   —   Hasan’m böreği colloq. someone/something that everybody exploits. — yok. colloq. Impossible!/No way!
yağmacı looter, plunderer, sacker, pillager, yağmacılık looting, plundering, sacking, pil-Jaging.
yağmak /a/ to rain/shower/fall abundantly (on/ upon).
yağmalama hi looting, plundering, sacking, pillaging.
yağmalamak 111 to loot, plunder, sack, pillage, yağmalanma being looted/plundered/sacked/ pillaged.
yağmalanmak to be looted, be plundered, be packed, be pillaged, yağmur rain. — boşanmak for rain suddenly to come bucketing down, to rain cats and dogs. — bulutu rain cloud. — damlası raindrop. — duası ritual prayer for rain (said during a drought), —da düşmanın koyunu, • dostun atı salınsın, proverb A wet sheep looks thin and bedraggled, but a wet horse
 yağmurca                                          932
   looks sleek and healthy, —dan kaçarken doluya tutulmak colloq. to jump out of the frying pan into the fire. — mevsimi rainy season. — olsa kimsenin tarlasına düşmez/ yağmaz, colloq. He/She won’t lift a finger to help anybody. — ormanı rain forest. — suyu rainwater. — yağarken küpünü doldurmak colloq. to make hay while the sun shines. — yağmak to rain. — yağsa kış değil mi? Kişi halini bilse hoş değil mi? proverb A person should try to know himself/herself and then act in accordance with his/her true character. — yağsın da varsm kerpiççi ağlasın, proverb It’s best that the general good be served, even if it means that a minority will suffer. — yemek to get wet in the rain.
yağmurca zool. chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra. yağmurkuşağı, -m (./...) rainbow, yağmurkuşları, -ni (./...) zool. Charadrii-formes.
                                                         yağmurkuşu, -nu (./..) zool. 1. plover, Charad-rius. 2. water rail, Rallus aquatic us. yağmurkuşugiller (./....) zool. Charadriidae. yağmurlama /ı/ watering (plants) by sprinkling them with water, sprinkling. — sistemi sprinkling system, yağmurlamak 1. to turn into rain; to get rainy.
   2. hi to water (plants) by sprinkling them with water, sprinkle.
yağmurlu rainy.
yağmurluk raincoat; slicker; oilskin, yağmurölçer (./..) see yağışölçer, yağölçer (/..) butyrometer. yağsız 1. lacking oil/fat/grease/butter; oilless; greaseless; butterless; free of oil/fat/grease; nonfat. 2. lean, fatless (meat). 3. low-fat* (food).
                                                         yağsızlık 1. lack of oil/fat/grease/butter; being free of oil/fat/grease. 2. leanness (of meat).
    3.    (a food’s) containing little fat. yağtaşı, -ni (/..) oilstone, yağyakıt, -ti (/..) fuel oil.
yahey (—.) Hurrah!/Hooray!/Yippee! yahni stew made with onions and tomatoes, yahşi prov. 1. good; nice. 2. handsome; pretty; beautiful.
                                                         yahu (—\) 1. See here!/Look here! 2. used for emphasis: Yapma yahu! Please don’t do it!
   Ne diyorsun yahu? What in the devil are you saying?
Yahudi 1. Jew. 2. Jewish. — pazarlığı off. hard bargaining. — züğürtleyince eski defterleri karıştırır, proverb 1. When you’re in need of money you try to collect your old debts.
   2. When you’ve come down in the world you like to remember former glories, yahudibaklasi, -m (../...) bot. lupine, Lupinus. Yahudice (../.) 1. Hebrew, the Hebrew language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Hebrew, Hebrew. 3. Hebrew (speech/writing); spoken in Hebrew; written in Hebrew.
Yahudilik 1. Jewishness. 2. Judaism.
                                                                              yakamozlanmak
yahut (—'.) or.
Yahya John the Baptist, yak, -ki zool. yak, Bos grunniens. yaka 1. collar. 2. side (of a stream/a body of water/a street), —sı açılmadık colloq. unheard-of (curse/obscenity). — sına asılmak Iml colloq. to hound, badger, bedevil, not to leave (s.o.) in peace. —dan/—smdan atmak hi colloq. to get rid of, get shut of. — smi bırakmamak Iml colloq. not to leave (s.o.) in peace, to hound, badger, bedevil. — bir tarafta, paça bir tarafta colloq. very disheveled. —yı ele vermek colloq. to get caught, be collared, —dan geçirmek hi obs. to adopt (a child). — ısırmak colloq. to say “God forbid!” in horror. — smı kaptırmak /a/ colloq. to let o.s. get deeply involved with (s.o.); to let o.s. get deeply entangled in (s.t.).
   —yı kurtarmak /dan/ colloq. to manage to escape from; to free o.s. from. — paça colloq. by main force. — paça etmek hi colloq. to remove (s.o.) by main force; to throw (s.o.) out (by main force), -sına sarılmak Iml colloq., see yakasına asılmak. — yı sıyırmak /dan/ colloq., see yakayı kurtarmak. — silkmek /dan/ colloq. to get fed up with (s.o.). — sma yapışmak Iml colloq., see yakasına asılmak, yakacak fuel (for heating), yakalama lıl 1. catching; collaring, nabbing; seizing, grabbing, getting hold of. 2. catching (fish, birds, etc.). 3. colloq. spotting, detecting, noticing, seeing. 4. colloq. regarding (s.o.) as responsible, holding (s.o.) responsible.
yakalamak hi 1. to catch; to collar, nab; to seize, grab, get hold of. 2. to catch (fish, birds, etc.). 3. colloq. to spot, detect, notice, see. 4. colloq. to regard (s.o.) as responsible, hold (s.o.) responsible, yakalanma 1. being caught; being collared/ nabbed; being seized. 2. colloq. being spotted/detected/seen. 3. /a/ catching (an illness).
   4. /a/ being caught in (the rain/a storm). 5. colloq. being held responsible.
yakalanmak 1. to be caught; to be collared, be nabbed; to be seized. 2. colloq. to be spotted, be detected, be seen. 3. /a/ to catch (an illness). 4. /a/ to be caught in (the rain/a storm).
   5.    colloq. to be held responsible, yakalatma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) catch/collar (s.o.);
   having (s.o.) seize (s.t.). yakalatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) catch/collar (s.o.); to have (s.o.) seize (s.t.). yakalı collared; (s.t.) which has a collar, yakalık 1. (cloth) suitable for making collars.
   2. (removable) collar, yakalıklı furnished with a (removable) collar, yakamoz phosphorescence (in the sea). — olmak slang to get caught, yakamozlanma intermittent phosphorescence (of the sea), yakamozlanmak (for the sea) to phosphoresce
yakarca
 933
yaklaşık
    intermittently, yakarca (./.) zool. sand fly, Phlebotomus. yakarı see yakarış.
yakarış 1. begging, imploring. 2. prayer, entreaty.
yakarma /a/ begging, imploring, entreating, yakarmak /a/ to beg, implore, entreat, yakaza obs. 1. wakefulness, being awake; alertness. 2. watchfulness; vigilance, yakı (a) plaster; blister; cautery: reçine yakısı resin plaster, cıva yakısı mercury plaster.
    —  açmak to cause an infected area to drain by blistering it. — vurmak/yapıştırmak /a/ to treat (an area) with a plaster, plaster; to blister; to cauterize.
yakıağacı, -m (./...) bot. Mediterranean me-zereon, Daphne gnidium. yakıcı 1. burning, (s.t.) which produces a burning effect. 2. chem. caustic (agent). 3. colloq. (voice/song) which kindles an intense feeling of sadness/melancholy in the listener. 4. person who makes and applies plasters/blisters/ cauteries.
yakılma 1. being lit; being ignited; being set on fire. 2. being burned up/down, being burned. 3. being scorched/seared/burned. 4. (of electric lights) being turned on, being lit.
    5.    being burned, being used as fuel, yakılmak 1. to be lit; to be ignited; to be set on fire. 2. to be burned up, be burned down, be burned. 3. to be scorched, be seared, be burned. 4. (for electric lights) to be turned on, be lit. 5. to be burned, be used as fuel, yakın 1. /a/ near (to), nearby, close (to), close -by. 2. close, /a/ (friend) who is close to (s.o.). 3. /a/ very similar (to). 4. nearby place: Yakınımızda oturuyor. She lives near us.
    5. relative, relation; close friend, —da/—larda 1. nearby, close by, close at hand. 2. in the near future, soon. 3. recently, —dan at close range. — akraba close relative, near relation. — âmir mil. immediate superior, —dan bilmek hi colloq., see yakından tanımak. — çekim phot., cin., TV close-up.
    —  dost close friend. — dost/komşu hayırsız hısımdan/akrabadan yeğdir/iyidir, proverb A good friend/neighbor is better than an indifferent relative, —dan tanımak hi colloq. to be closely acquainted with, know (s.o.) well. — zamanda 1. not long ago, recently. 2. soon, in a short time.
yakınçağ (./.) hist, the period from 1789 A.D.
    to the present.
Yakındoğu (./..) 1. the Near East. 2. Near East, Near Eastern, of the Near East, yakınlaşma /a/ 1. becoming close/closer (to), becoming near/nearer (to). 2. becoming close to, becoming a friend of (s.o.); becoming a closer friend of (s.o.). yakınlaşmak /a/ 1. to become close/closer (to), become near/nearer (to). 2. to become close to, become a friend of (s.o.); to become a closer friend of (s.o.).
yakınlaştırma hi 1. causing (things) to become close/closer to each other. 2. causing (people) to become close/closer friends, yakınlaştırmak 111 1. to cause (things) to become close/closer to each other. 2. to cause (people) to become close/closer friends, yakınlık 1. nearness, closeness, proximity. 2. closeness; warmth; rapport; sympathy. — duymak /a/ to feel close to; to feel a sympathy for, feel sympathetic toward. — göstermek /a/ to show concern for; to behave in a friendly way toward, behave warmly toward.
’yakmma /dan/ complaining (about); complaint. 2yakmma /i, a/ applying (henna/a plaster/a blister/a cautery) to.
’yakınmak /dan/ to complain (about). 2yakmmak /i, a/ to apply (henna/a plaster/a blister/a cautery) to. yakınsak math., phys. convergent, yakınsama 1. math., phys. convergence. 2. Ill regarding (s.t.) as imminent, yakınsamak 1. math., phys. to converge. 2. hi to regard (s.t.) as imminent, yakiotu, -nu (./..) bot. willow herb, epilobium, Epilobium.
yakışık used in: — almak colloq. to be suitable, be proper.
yakışıklı handsome, good-looking (man), yakışıksız unsuitable; unbecoming; inappropriate; improper; unseemly; rude, yakışıksızlık 1. unsuitability; inappropriateness; impropriety; unseemliness; rudeness. 2. inappropriate/unseemly/rude action/behavior.
yakışma /a/ 1. befitting; being appropriate (for/ to). 2. (s.t.’s) looking good on/in, suiting; (one food’s) going well with, tasting good with (another), yakışmak /a/ 1. to befit; to be appropriate (for/ to). 2. (for s.t.) to look good on/in, suit; (for one food) to go well with, taste good with (another).
yakıştırma 1. /ı, a/ making (s.t.) look good on/ in or go with. 2. /i, a/ regarding (s.t.) as suitable for (s.o.); thinking that (s.t.) befits (s.o.). 3. taking a fact and making up a story to suit it; embroidering. 4. false, fabricated; embroidered (story), yakıştırmaca 1. fabrication; piece of embroidery. 2. false, fabricated; embroidered, yakıştırmak 1. h, a/ to make (s.t.) look good on/in; to make (s.t.) go with. 2. /i, a/ to regard (s.t.) as suitable for (s.o.); to think that (s.t.) befits (s.o.). 3. to take a fact and make up a story to suit it; to embroider, yakıt, -ti fuel (for heating). — deposu fuel tank.
   —   göstergesi fuel gauge. — pompası fuel pump.
yakıtyağ (./.) liquid heating fuel, yakinen (.—'.) for sure, for certain, without a shadow of a doubt, yaklaşık 1. approximate. 2. approximately.
 yaklaşılma                                       934
yaklaşılma /a/ approaching, drawing near (to);
   coming close (to), yaklaşılmak /a/ impersonal passive to approach, draw near (to); to come close (to), yaklaşım approach.
yaklaşma /a/ 1. approaching, drawing near (to); coming close (to). 2. colloq. having sexual intercourse (with), having sex (with), yaklaşmak /a/ 1. to approach, draw near (to); to come close (to). 2. colloq. to have sexual intercourse (with), have sex (with), yaklaştırım approximation, yaklaştırma /ı, a/ 1. drawing (one thing) near (another). 2. approximating (s.t.) to. 3. colloq. allowing (s.o.) to have sexual intercourse with, letting (s.o.) have sex with, yaklaştırmak /ı, a/ 1. to draw (one thing) near (another). 2. to approximate (s.t.) to. 3. colloq. to allow (s.o.) to have sexual intercourse with, let (s.o.) have sex with.
'yakma hi 1. lighting; igniting; setting fire to, setting (s.t.) on fire. 2. burning (s.t.) up/down, burning. 3. scorching, searing, burning. 4. (chemicals’/sun’s/wind’s) burning; (wool’s) irritating (one’s) skin. 5. turning on, lighting (electric lights). 6. burning, using (s.t.) as fuel. 7. colloq. ruining (s.o.), cooking (s.o.’s) goose. 8. colloq. inflaming (s.o.) with love.
   9. colloq. shooting (s.o.) (with a gun). — resim pyrogravure, pyrography.
2yakma h, a/ 1. applying (a plaster/a blister/a cautery) to. 2. applying (henna) to. 3. composing (a folk song), yakmaç burner (a combustion unit).
*yakmak hi 1. to light; to ignite; to set fire to, set (s.t.) on fire. 2. to burn (s.t.) up, burn (s.t.) down, burn. 3. to scorch, sear, burn. 4.
   (for chemicals, sun, wind, etc.) to burn; (for wool) to irritate (one’s) skin. 5. to turn on, light (electric lights). 6. to burn, use (s.t.) as fuel. 7. colloq. to ruin (s.o.), cook (s.o.’s) goose. 8. colloq. to inflame (s.o.) with love.
   9. colloq. to shoot (s.o.) (with a gun), yakıp yıkmak hi to destroy utterly.
2yakmak /i, a/ 1. to apply (a plaster/a blister/a cautery) to. 2. to apply (henna) to. 3. to compose (a folk song), yakşi prov., see yahşi.
'yaktırma h, a/ 1. having (s.o.) light, ignite, set fire to, or set (s.t.) on fire. 2. having (s.t.) burned up/down, having (s.t.) burned. 3. having (s.t.) scorched/seared/burned. 4. having (s.o.) turn on/light (electric lights).
2yaktırma /i, a/ 1. having (s.o.) apply (a plaster/ a blister/a cautery) to. 2. having (s.o.) apply (henna) to. 3. having (s.o.) compose (a folk song).
'yaktırmak h, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) light, ignite, set fire to, or set (s.t.) on fire. 2. to have (s.t.) burned up/down, have (s.t.) burned. 3. to have (s.t.) scorched/seared/burned. 4. to have (s.o.) turn on/light (electric lights). 2yaktırmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) apply (a
                                                                                               yalancı
   plaster/a blister/a cautery) to. 2. to have (s.o.) apply (henna) to. 3. to have (s.o.) compose (a folk song).
Yakut, -tu (—.) 1. (a) Yakut. 2. Yakut, of the Yakuts, yakut, -tu (—.) (a) ruby.
Yakutça (—/.) 1. Yakut, the Yakut language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Yakut, Yakut. 3. Yakut (speech/writing); spoken in Yakut; written in Yakut, yal prov. mash used as dog food, yalabık prov. 1. shining; glittering; flaring; flickering. 2. sheen; glitter; flare; flicker, yalabımak prov. to shine; to glitter; to flare; to flicker.
yalak 1. drinking trough, watering trough. 2.
   basin (of a fountain), yalaka prov. 1. flatterer, toady. 2. exasperatingly importunate/pertinacious. — olmak (for s.o.) to become a real pest, yalama 1. hi licking, lick; licking (s.t.) up; lapping (s.t.) up. 2. hi skimming over, passing just above the surface of. 3. worn (by friction). — olmak to get worn, get worn down.
   —     resim wash drawing. — yazı geog. peneplain, peneplane, endrumpf. yalamaci slang lickspittle, toady, yalamak 111 1. to lick; to lick (s.t.) up; to lap (s.t.) up. 2. to skim over, pass just above the surface of.
yalamuk prov. 1. inner bark of the pine tree. 2. pine resin.
yalan 1. lie, falsehood, untruth, fabrication; fib. 2. false, untrue. — atmak colloq. to make up something; to lie. —mı çıkarmak Iml to show (s.o.) to be a liar, give (s.o.) the lie, give the lie to (s.o.). — çıkmak to turn out to be untrue. — dolan colloq. lies and untruths, pack of lies. — dünya colloq. this transitory life. — kıvırmak colloq., see yalan atmak. — makinesi lie detector. — söylemek to lie; to tell lies, —a şerbetli colloq. very prone to lying. — ini tutmak/yakala-mak Iml colloq. to catch (s.o.) in a lie, catch (s.o.) lying. — yanlış colloq. 1. very inaccurate, very erroneous, full of mistakes. 2. very inaccurately, very erroneously. — yere şahadet law perjury. — yere yemin etmek to perjure o.s.
yalancı 1. liar. 2. imitation, artificial, false. — çıkarmak 111 1. to prove that (s.o.) is a liar. 2. to call (s.o.) a liar, claim that (s.o.) is a liar. — çıkmak 1. to look like a liar, appear to be a liar. 2. to turn out to be a liar. — çiçek artificial flower. — dolma cookery, see yalancıdolma. — dünya colloq. this transitory life, -mn evi yanmış da kimse inanmamış. proverb If you cry wolf all the time, nobody will believe you when you’re actually telling the truth ./Nobody believes anything a habitual # liar says. — inci artificial pearl. — kim? İşittiğini söyleyen, proverb Don’t pass anything on to others unless
 yalancıakasya                                    935
   you’re sure it’s true, —nın mumu yatsıya kadar yanar, proverb It doesn’t take long for a lie to come to light, —sı olmak Iml colloq. to appear to be a liar because one has repeated something untrue that someone else has told one: Ben Rıdvan’ın yalancısıyım. I look like a liar, but I’m not; I just repeated what Rıdvan told me. — pehlivan colloq. person who pretends to be able to do what he can’t, big talker. — şahit/tanık law perjurer. — şahitlik/tanıklık law perjury. — taş imitation jewel, yalancıakasya (../...) bot. black locust, false acacia, Robinia pseudoacacia. yalanciayak (../..) biol. pseudopodium, pseudopod, pseudopode. yalancidolma (../..) cookery meatless dolma cooked with olive oil and served cold, yalancıktan colloq. pretending, simulating (s.t.): Yalancıktan bayıldı. She pretended to faint, yalancılık lying, telling lies, yalancimermer (../..) 1. stucco. 2. stucco, made of stucco.
yalancimeyve (../..) bot. pseudocarp, accessory fruit.
                                                        yalanciodun (../..) bot. false ring, false annual ring (in the wood of a tree), yalancisafran (../..) bot. safflower, false saffron, Carthamus tine tor ius. yalandan colloq. 1. pretending, simulating (s.t.): Yalandan ağladılar. They pretended to cry.
   2. (doing s.t.) in a slipshod/hit-or-miss fashion: Yalandan bir siliver gitsin! Just*give it a few quick swipes and leave it! yalanlama /ı/ declaring (s.t.) to be false/untrue, denying, denial, disclaiming, yalanlamak III to declare (s.t.) to be false/untrue, deny, disclaim, yalanlanma being declared to be false/untrue, being denied, being disclaimed, yalanlanmak to be declared to be false/untrue, be denied, be disclaimed, yalanma 1. being licked; being licked up; being lapped up. 2. licking one’s lips/chops. 3. (an animal’s) licking its lips/chops, yalanmak 1. to be licked; to be licked up; to be lapped up. 2. to lick one’s lips/chops. 3.
   (for an animal) to lick its lips/chops, yalap şalap (./ ..) colloq. 1. (done) once over lightly, with a lick and a promise, cursorily.
   2.    cursory, yalapşap (./.) colloq., see yalap şalap, yalap yalap (./ ..) prov. sparklingly; gleamingly. yalatma Iı, a/ having (s.o./an animal) lick (s .o ./s .t.).
yalatmak h, a/ to have (s.o./an animal) lick (s.o ./s .t.).
yalayıcı 1. licker. 2. (s.o./an animal) who/which licks.
yalaz prov. flame, blaze, yalaza prov., see yalaz, yalazlama hi prov. singeing, yalazlamak hi prov. to singe.
                                                                                                 yalım
yalazlanma prov. 1. being singed. 2. flaming up, blazing up. 3. shining, gleaming, yalazlanmak prov. 1. to be singed. 2. to flame up, blaze up. 3. to shine, gleam, yalçın 1. steep. 2. smooth and slippery, yaldırak prov. (s.t.) which shines/gleams, shining, gleaming, yaldız 1. gilding/silvering (substance used to gild/silver s.t.). 2. colloq. veneer, gloss, gilt, glitter (which conceals a defect): Aldanma, onun nezaketi sadece yaldız! Don’t be taken in; his politeness is merely a veneer, yaldızcı 1. gilder; silverer. 2. colloq. person who’s good at making a worthless person/ thing appear valuable, yaldızcılık gilding; silvering; the work of a gilder/a silverer. yaldızlama hi 1. gilding; silvering. 2. colloq. making (a worthless person/thing) look valuable, giving (a worthless person/thing) a deceptive glitter. 3. colloq. cuckolding, yaldızlamak hi 1. to gild; to silver. 2. colloq. to make (a worthless person/thing) look valuable, give (a worthless person/thing) a deceptive glitter. 3. colloq. to cuckold, yaldızlanma 1. being gilded; being silvered. 2. colloq. (of a worthless person/thing) being made to look valuable, being given a deceptive glitter. 3. colloq. being cuckolded, yaldızlanmak 1. to be gilded; to be silvered. 2. colloq. (for a worthless person/thing) to be made to look valuable, be given a deceptive glitter. 3. colloq. to be cuckolded, yaldızlatma 1. h, a/ having (s.o.) gild/silver (s.t.). 2. h, a/ colloq. having (s.o.) make (a worthless person/thing) look valuable. 3. hi colloq. cuckolding, yaldızlatmak 1. h, a/ to have (s.o.) gild/silver (s.t.). 2. h, a/ colloq. to have (s.o.) make (a worthless person/thing) look valuable. 3. hi colloq. to cuckold, yaldızlı 1. gilt, gilded; silvered. 2. colloq. (worthless person/thing) who/which has been made to look valuable/attractive; honeyed, gilded.
yale (/.) Yale lock. — kilit see yale. yalelli (—/.) used in: — gibi (Arabm —si gibi) colloq. long and monotonous, endless and boring, yalgm prov. mirage.
yalı 1. shore; strand, beach; bank. 2. waterside house/mansion. — ağası Ott. hist, officer charged with guarding a coast. — boyu 1. shore, beach. 2. geog. littoral. — kazığı (gibi) colloq. big and tall, tall and strapping (person). — uşağı colloq. person born and raised by the seaside, yalıçapkını, -ni (./...) zool. kingfisher, Alcedo atthis.
yalıçapkmıgiller (./....) zool. Alcedinidae.
yalım 1. flame. 2. blade (of a sword/a knife).
   3. steep, rocky cliff. — ı alçak colloq. base, lowdown, no-count (person).
 ‘yalın
’yalın prov. flame.
2yalm 1. clean and spare, free of nonessentials and affectations (writing/speech). 2. bare, naked, uncovered. 3. gram, uninflected. 4. gram, simple. 5. prov. steep. — cümle gram. simple sentence. — durum/hal gram, nominative case; uninflected state. — tümce gram., see yalın cümle, yalınayak (./..) barefoot. —, başı kabak colloq.
   1.  bareheaded and barefoot. 2. clothed in rags.
                                                            yalınca prov., see yalıncak, yalıncak prov. 1. naked; bare. 2. alone, by oneself. 3. solitary, isolated, lone. 4. only, just, yalıngaç bot. (tree) the bark of which tends to scale off, scaly-barked. yalıngöz (./.) 1. (person) who has no eyelids.
   2.  zool. a kind of lizard.
yalınkat (./.) 1. bot. single, not double (flower). 2. one layer of (s.t.). 3. insubstantial; unsubstantial; flimsy, shoddy, poorly made. 4. simple, uncomplicated, unsophisticated, yalınkılıç (./..) with his sword drawn; with their swords drawn, yalınlaşma (of speech/writing) becoming spare and clean, becoming free of nonessentials and affectations, yalınlaşmak (for speech/writing) to become spare and clean, become free of nonessentials and affectations, yalıtılma being insulated, insulation, yalıtılmak to be insulated, yalıtım insulation, insulating. — sargısı friction tape, electric tape, yalıtkan 1. insulating, nonconductive; insulative.
    2. insulator, yalıtma III insulating, insulation, yalıtmak hi to insulate, yaliyar geog. cliff (on a seashore), yalız anat. unstriated (muscle), yalki prov. shine; gleam, yallah (/.) colloq. Go!/Get going!: Haydi yallah! Now get going!/Come on, let’s get going!
yalman prov. 1. sloped, inclined, at a slant. 2.
    steep. 3. blade, cutting edge; point, yalnayak (/..) colloq., see yalınayak, yalnız 1. alone, by oneself. 2. solitary, isolated, lone. 3. lonely, lonesome. 4. (/.) only, just.
   5.  (/.) but, however. — başına 1. alone, by oneself. 2. single-handed, single-handedly. — bırakmak hi to leave (s.o.) alone, leave (s.o.) on his/her own. — kalanı kurt yer. proverb People who are bereft of friends or helpers are in a bad way. — kalmak 1. to be alone, be by oneself. 2. to be left alone. — öküz, çifte/boyunduruğa koşulmaz, proverb Don’t use just one person to do a job that requires two people. — taş, duvar olmaz, proverb Most important jobs can’t be done single -handed.
yalnızca (/..) 1. only, just. 2. alone, by oneself, yalnızcı pol. 1. (an) isolationist. 2. isolationist,
 936                                          yamaklık
   favoring isolationism, yalnızcılık pol. isolationism, yalnızlaşma becoming isolated, yalnızlaşmak to become isolated, yalnızlık 1. solitude, solitariness, isolation, loneness. 2. loneliness, lonesomeness. —, Allah’a mahsustur, proverb God alone exists in solitude (i.e. People are gregarious.). — politikası pol. isolationism, yalpa naut. rolling/lurching (of a ship at sea).
   —      vurmak 1. naut. (for a ship) to roll/lurch. 2. colloq. (for s.o.) to lurch, stagger, yalpak prov. friendly, companionable, yalpalama lurching, staggering; swaying from side to side, rolling, yalpalamak (for s.o.) to lurch, stagger; to sway from side to side, roll, yalpık prov. spread widely and thinly, yalpılı prov. (s.t.) one side of which is higher/ thicker than the other, yaltak colloq., see yaltakçı, yaltakçı colloq. (s.o.) who toadies/fawns/lickspittles.
yaltakçılık colloq. toadying, fawning,,• lickspit-tling.
yaltaklanmak /a/ colloq. to toady (to), fawn (on/over), lickspittle, yaltaklık colloq. toadying, fawning, lickspit-tling. — etmek /a/ to toady (to), fawn (on/ over), lickspittle, yalvaç prophet.
yalvaçlık prophethood; being a prophet, yalvan begging, entreaty, imploring, pleading, yalvarılma /a/ begging, entreating, imploring, pleading (with), yalvarılmak /a/ impersonal passive to beg, entreat, implore, plead (with), yalvarma /a/ begging, entreating, imploring, pleading (with), yalvarmak /a/ to beg, entreat, implore, plead (with), yalvarıp yakarmak (yalvar yakar olmak) /a/ to entreat/implore earnestly, beg (with) earnestly, yalvartma /i, a/ making (one person) entreat/ implore (another), making (one person) plead with (another), yalvartmak /i, a/ to make (one person) entreat/ implore (another), make (one person) plead with (another), yama 1. patching, covering (a hole in a cloth fabric) with a patch. 2. patch (used for covering a hole in a cloth fabric). 3. birthmark, nevus (on a person’s face/hands). — gibi durmak colloq. to stick out like a sore thumb. — küçük, delik büyük, colloq. The damage is great, and we’re woefully unequipped to repair it. — vurmak /a/ to put a patch on (s.t.). yamacı prov. shoe repairman, cobbler, yamaç 1. side. 2. slope (of a hill); side (of a mountain). — paraşütü sports paragliding. yamak helper, assistant, apprentice, yamaklık being a helper/an assistant/an appren-
 yamalak                                              937
    tice, apprenticeship, yamalak see yarım yamalak, yamalama /ı/ patching, yamalamak hi to patch, yamalanma being patched, yamalanmak to be patched, yamalı 1. patched. 2. (face/hand) which has a birthmark on it. — bohça colloq. motley collection, raggle-taggle group, haphazard and incongruous assortment, ragtag (of people/ things).
yamama 1. Ill patching. 2. /i, a/ colloq. foisting (s.o./s.t.) on (s.o.), palming (s.o./s.t.) off on (s.o.).
yamamak 1. /ı/ to patch. 2. /i, a/ colloq. to foist (s.o./s.t.) on (s.o.), palm (s.o./s.t.) off on (s.o.).
yaman 1. frightfully good, amazingly good, extraordinarily good. 2. disastrous, terrible: O gerçekleşirse halimiz yaman. If that comes about, we’ll be in the soup. 3. frightful, extreme. 4. very clever and capable; very good at getting what he/she wants. 5. strongly, violently, with great force. — komşu, yaman avrat, yaman at; birinden göç, birin boşan, birin sat. proverb If your neighbor, your wife, or your horse give you nothing but trouble; move away from the neighbor; divorce the wife; and sell the horse, yamanma 1. (of an article of clothing) being patched. 2. /a/ colloq. being foisted on, being palmed off on (s.o.). yamanmak 1. (for an article of clothing) to be patched. 2. /a/ colloq. to be foisted on, be palmed off on (s.o.). yamatnia /i, a/ having (s.o.) patch (s.t.). yamatmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) patch (s.t.). yamçı prov. a thick, woolen, water-resistant coat.
yampiri colloq., see yampiri, yampiri colloq. 1. bent/leaning to one side, lopsided. 2. (moving) crabwise, sideways like a crab. — gitmek to move crabwise, crab, yamrulma 1. getting gnarled and bent; getting uneven and lumpy. 2. getting crooked, yamrulmak 1. to get gnarled and bent; to get uneven and lumpy. 2. to get crooked, yamru yumru (./ ..) colloq. 1. gnarled and bent; uneven and lumpy; misshapen. 2. very crooked.
yamuk 1. bent/leaning to one side, askew, skew, lopsided. 2. geom. trapezoid. yamuk yumuk (./ ..) colloq. very crooked;
    twisted out of shape, yamulma becoming bent to one side; leaning to one side.
yamulmak to become bent to one side; to lean to one side.
yamyam 1. (a) cannibal. 2. cannibal; of or characteristic of cannibals; given to cannibalism, yamyamca (./.) cannibalistic, suggestive of cannibalism, yamyamlık cannibalism.
                                                                                                   yan
yamyassı (/..) very flat, flat as a pancake.
yamyaş (/.) very damp; very moist.
yan 1. (a) side. 2. flank. 3. neighborhood, vicinity, diggings: O yanlarda oturuyor. He lives in that area. 4. part (of one’s body): Her yanım ağrıyor. I ache all over. 5. direction (line/course extending away from a given point). 6. aspect, side (of a matter). 7. with; alongside, alongside of: Yanma hiç para alma! Don’t take any money with you! Yanımda çalışıyor. He works alongside me.
   8. in comparison with, alongside of: Levent, Bülent’in yanında bir sıfırdır. Levent’s nothing compared to Bülent. 9. lateral, side, located at/towards a side. 10. secondary, —a /dan/ 1. pro, for, in favor of; on the side of: Ben Yücel’den yanayım. I’m for Yücel. 2. as regards, as far as ... is concerned: Paradan yana iyiyim. I’m O.K. as far as money goes, —dan sideways, from one side; obliquely; in profile. — ma almak hi 1. to take (s.o.) on, employ (s.o.) (as one’s assistant).
   2. to take (s.o.) in (in order to look after him/her). — bakış sideways glance. — bakmak /a/ colloq. 1. to look askance at, look at (s.o./s.t.) disdainfully. 2. to look at (s.o./ s.t.) hostilely/venomously. — basmak slang
   1. to be deceived, be taken in. 2. not to be straight with someone; to give someone the runaround. — ı başında /m/ right beside, immediately beside, right next to. — ma bırakmamak /ı, ml colloq. not to let (s.o.) get away with (s.t.), not to let (s.o.) do (s.t.) without being punished for doing it. (...) —mdan bile geçmemiş, /ml colloq. It doesn’t have even the slightest connection with .../It doesn’t bear even the faintest resemblance to .... — cebime koy. colloq. I don’t believe you ./Come on, who do you think you’re fool-ing?/Pull the other leg, it’s got bells on it.
   —  cümle gram., see yanriimle. —dan çarklı 1. side-wheel (steamer). 2. slang slow-going, poky (vehicle). 3. slang (glass of tea) served with a lump or lumps of sugar in the saucer beside it. 4. slang (s.o.) who walks with one shoulder sloped downward. 5. slang (s.o.) who swings his arms vigorously as he walks, —a çıkmak /dan/ colloq. to support, take the side of, side with (s.o.). — çizmek colloq. 1. to try to get out of; to avoid, shirk, evade, dodge. 2. to pay no attention to, ignore. — etki side effect, —dan fırlama slang scoundrel, bastard, S.O.B. — gelmek (— gelip yatmak) colloq. to take one’s ease, relax, enjoy o.s. (when one should be working). —dan görünüş profile. — gözle bakmak /a/ colloq. 1. to look at (s.o.) out of the comer of one’s eye. 2. to look askance at, look at (s.o./s.t.) disdainfully. 3. to look at (s.o./s.t.) hostilely/venomously. — hakem soccer linesman. — ına (kâr) kalmak colloq. to get away with, do (s.t.) without being punished for doing it: Bu cinayet yanma
 yanak
   kalmaz. You won’t get away with this murder. —ma komamak/koymamak h, ml colloq., see yamna bırakmamak. (...) —ma sa-lavatla varılır. Iml colloq. You have to walk on eggs around him/her; the smallest thing can make him/her blow his/her stack. (...)
   —ma salavatla varılmaz. Iml colloq. 1. It’s so high/expensive you can’t touch it. 2. He/ She thinks he’s/she’s better than everybody else ./He/She thinks he’s/she’s something. 3. You have to walk on eggs around him/her; the smallest thing can make him/her blow his/her stack. — sallamak hi slang not to pay any attention to. — ı sıra 1. right along with, right alongside, together with, with: Yanı sıra avukatını getirdi. He brought his lawyer along with him. Viski yanı sıra bira içiyor. He’s drinking beer together with whiskey. 2. besides, in addition to, along with: Büyük bir yazar olmanın yanı sıra ünlü bir müzisyendir. Besides being a great writer he’s also a famous musician. 3. right alongside, right beside: Yanım sıra onlar oturuyordu. They were sitting right beside me.
   —  sokak side street. — tutmak to show partiality to one person/side. — tümce gram., see yantümce. — ürün by-product. — yan sideways. — yana side by side, next to each other; abreast. — yan bakmak /a/ colloq. to look at (s.o.) malevolently, look daggers at. — yatmak to lean to one side. — yol side road.
yanak cheek, —mdan kan damlamak colloq. to be rosy-cheeked and healthy, radiate health, —mdan öpmek hi to kiss (s.o.)'on the cheek. — yumrucuğu anat. cheekbone, zygomatic bone, yanal lateral.
yanardağ (./.) volcano. — ağzı crater. — bölgesi volcanic region, yanardağbilim (./...) volcanology, yanardağbilimci (./....) volcanologist, yanardağbilimsel (./....) volcanological, volca-nologic.
yanardöner 1. shot (silk); chatoyant (fabric/ gem). 2. colloq. capricious; fickle, yanaşık 1. /a/ drawn up alongside; docked alongside; parked alongside; hitched alongside. 2. drawn up alongside each other, yanaşılma /a/ 1. drawing up alongside (a place), pulling alongside (a place); (a ship’s) docking. 2. drawing near, approaching; sidling up (to). 3. colloq. being willing to agree to; going along with (a plan). 4. colloq. cozying up to, trying to ingratiate o.s. with (s.o.). yanaşılmak /a/ impersonal passive, see yanaşmak.
yanaşlık quay, wharf, landing, pier, dock, yanaşma 1.7a/ drawing up alongside (a place), pulling alongside (a place); (a ship’s) docking. 2. /a/ drawing near, approaching; sidling up (to). 3. /a/ colloq. being willing to agree to; going along with (a plan). 4. /a/ colloq.
938                                            yangm
                                                       cozying up to, trying to ingratiate o.s. with (s.o.). 5. farmhand, hired laborer (on a farm), yanaşmak /a/ 1. to draw up alongside (a place), pull alongside (a place); (for a ship) to dock.
   2. to draw near, approach; to sidle up (to).
   3. colloq. to be willing to agree to; to go along with (a plan). 4. colloq. to cozy up to, try to ingratiate o.s. with (s.o.).
yanaştırma /i, a/ 1. drawing (a vehicle/a mount) up alongside (a place); docking (a ship) alongside (a place). 2. causing (s.o.) to draw near, causing (s.o.) to approach (s.o./s.t.). 3. colloq. causing (s.o.) to agree to (a plan); causing (s.o.) to go along with (a plan). 4. colloq. causing (one person) to cozy up to (another), causing (one person) to ingratiate himself/herself with (another), yanaştırmak /ı, a/ 1. to draw (a vehicle/a mount) up alongside (a place); to dock (a ship) alongside (a place). 2. to cause (s.o.) to draw near, cause (s.o.) to approach (s.o./ s.t.). 3. colloq. to cause (s.o.) to agree to (a plan); to cause (s.o.) to go along with (a plan). 4. colloq. to cause (one person) to cozy up to (another), cause (one person) to ingratiate himself/herself with (another), yanay 1. profile, vertical section. 2. vertical, yanbolu slang 1. fool, dunderhead. 2. stupid, dunderheaded. yancümle (/..) gram, subordinate clause, yandak prov., bot., see yandık, yandaş supporter; advocate; follower; adherent; henchman; partisan, yandaşlık support; advocacy; adherence; partisanship.
yandık prov., bot. 1. thistle, Carduus, Cirsium, Cnicus, Silybum, Carlina, etc. 2. Canada thistle, creeping thistle, Cirsium arvense. 3. camel thorn, camel’s thorn, Alhagi. yangaboz prov. bent/stooped/hunchbacked (person), yangabuç prov., see yangaboz. yangeçit (/..) bypass.
yangı path, inflammation (owing to infection), infection.
yangılanma path, becoming inflamed, getting infected.
yangılanmak path, to become inflamed, get infected.
                                                       yangılı path. 1. inflamed, infected. 2. characterized by inflammation, inflammatory, yangm 1. (a destructive) fire, conflagration. 2. colloq. fever. 3. colloq. passionate love. 4. colloq. madly in love. — alarmı fire alarm.
   —  bombası fire bomb, incendiary bomb. — çengeli fire hook, fireman’s hook. — çıkarmak to start a (destructive, uncontrollable) fire. — çıkışı fire escape, —dan çıkmış gibi colloq. completely destitute, (s.o.) who has nothing but the shirt on his back. — hortumu fire hose, —a körükle gitmek colloq. to add fuel to the flames, try deliberately to make a bad situation worse. — kulesi fire
yangıncı
939
yanma
   tower, —dan mal kaçırır gibi colloq. with unnecessary excitement and haste; very hastily and agitatedly. — merdiveni fire escape.
   —   musluğu fireplug, hydrant. — perdesi theat. safety curtain; fire curtain, curtain board. — sigortası fire insurance. — söndürücü fire extinguisher. — söndürme gemisi fireboat. — topu formerly gun fired to signal the outbreak of a fire. — tuğlası firebrick.
   —   var! Fire! —a vermek /i/ (for an incendiary) to set (s.t.) on fire. — yerine dönmek colloq. 1. (for a place) to become a madhouse; to turn into a bedlam. 2. (for a place) to be a complete mess, look like a cyclone had hit it.
yangıncı fireman; fire fighter, yanık 1. burn; scald; burned place, burnt place. 2. blight (on a plant). 3. burned, burnt. 4. lighted, alight, lit, alit. 5. colloq. stunted, underdeveloped, (person) whose growth has been arrested. 6. colloq. (voice/song) which kindles an intense feeling of sadness/melancholy in the listener. 7. colloq. inflamed with love; love-sick. — kokmak 1. (for s.o.) to smell something burning: Yanık kokuyor. I smell something burning. 2. to smell burnt, have a burnt smell about it. — kokusu burnt smell, smell of burning. — rüzgâr wind that subsides quickly. — tenli sun-tanned; sunburnt. — yerin otu tez biter, pro verb Suffering can quickly give way to joy. — yürekli colloq. (s.o.) who has suffered a lot, who has undergone a lot of suffering. — yüzlü (s.o.) whose face is sun-tanned/sunburnt, yanıkara (./..) prov., path, anthrax, charbon. yanıkçı 1. complainer. 2. complaining, (s.o.)
   who complains, yamkmak prov. to complain, yanılgı mistake, error. — payı margin of error, yanılma 1. being mistaken. 2. making a mistake, erring, blundering, yanılmak 1. to be mistaken. 2. to make a mistake, err, blunder, yanılmaz infallible, unfailing, yanılsama psych, illusion, yanıltı slip, error; inadvertence, yanıltıcı misleading, (s.t.) which is misleading, yanıltma hi misleading, causing (s.o.) to make a mistake.
yanıltmaca sophism, piece of specious reasoning.
yanıltmaç tongue twister, yanıltmak /i/ to mislead, cause (s.o.) to make a mistake.
yanışölçer (./..) chem. Orsat apparatus, yanıt, -ti answer, reply, response. — vermek /a/ to answer, reply (to); to give (s.o.) an answer/a reply, yanıtlama hi answering, replying (to), yanıtlamak hi to answer, reply (to), yanıtlanma being answered, yanıtlanmak to be answered, yani (—that is to say, I mean, in other
    words, i.e., id est; namely, to wit, videlicet, viz., scilicet, scil., sc., ss! yankesici (/...) pickpocket, yankesicilik (/....) picking pockets, yankı 1. echo. 2. colloq. repercussion. — uyan-dırmak/yapmak 1. to echo. 2. colloq. to have repercussions, yankibilim (./..) acoustics, yankıca psych, echolalia. yankılama hi echoing, yankılamak hi to echo, yankılanma echoing, resounding with echoes, yankılanmak to echo, resound with echoes, yankılatma hi causing (s.t.) to echo, yankılatmak hi to cause (s.t.) to echo.
Yanki Yankee.
yanlama 1. (a ship’s) rolling to one side. 2. leaning to one side. 3. colloq. taking one’s ease, relaxing, enjoying o.s. (when one should be working). 4. (s.t.’s being placed/ s.t.’s standing) on its side, yanlamak 1. (for a ship) to roll to one side. 2. to lean to one side. 3. colloq. to take one’s ease, relax, enjoy o.s. (when one should be working).
yanlamasına (s.t.’s being placed/s.t.’s standing) on its side.
yanlı 1. (s.t.) which has (a specified number of) sides: altı yanlı bir ev a hexagonal house. 2. Iml supporter of; advocate of; adherent of; partisan of: Bu yöntemin yanlıları az. There are few who advocate this method, yanlış 1. error, blunder, mistake; misstep. 2. wrong, incorrect, erroneous. 3. wrongly, incorrectly, erroneously: Beni yanlış anlama! Don’t get me wrong!/Don’t misinterpret what I’m saying. Onu yanlış tanıyorsun. You’ve got a wrong impression of her./You don’t know her as she really is. —mı çıkarmak Iml to find (s.o.’s) mistake, find where (s.o.) went wrong. — çıkmak to turn out to be wrong; (for a mathematical calculation) to come out wrong. — ı çıkmak Iml (for s.o.) to turn out to be wrong. — düşmek (for s.o.) to get the wrong number, have the wrong number (after dialing a telephone number). — hesap Bağdat’tan döner. proverb When you discover that you’ve made a mistake, you ought always to correct it, no matter what the cost. — kapı çalmak colloq. to go to the wrong person/place, bark up the wrong tree: Yanlış kapı çaldın. You’ve come to the wrong person. — ı olmak Iml to be mistaken: Yanlışın var. You’re mistaken. — yere by mistake, yanlışlık error, blunder, mistake, yanlışlıkla (../.) by mistake, yanma 1. burning, being on fire; burning up/ down. 2. (an electrical implement’s) burning out. 3. being burned/scorched/singed; getting a burn/a scald; getting sunburned. 4. getting tanned by the sun. 5. (of a light/an eye of a stove) being on/burning; (electricity’s) being
 yanmak                                            940
    on. 6. having fever, being feverish; /içinde/ burning with (fever). 7. having a burning sensation in (one’s eyes, throat, etc.), burning (of one’s eyes, throat, etc.). 8. colloq. being in a bad predicament, being sunk, being done for; getting it in the neck; being in the soup.
   9.  expiring; becoming void. 10. being out, being eliminated (used by children when playing certain games). 11. /a/ colloq. feeling great sadness (at); feeling bitter regret (for).
   12. (an agricultural crop’s) being damaged.
   13. (of a place) being blazing hot, being hot as blazes. 14. /la/ colloq. being burning (with an emotion/a feeling). 15. /için/ colloq. having a burning desire (for s.t ./to do s.t.); burning (to do s.t.). 16. /a/ colloq. being inflamed with love for, being madly in love with; feeling a burning (sexual) desire for, having the hots for.
yanmak 1. to burn, be on fire; to burn up, burn down. 2. (for an electrical implement) to burn out. 3. to be burned/scorched/singed; to get a burn/a scald; to get sunburned. 4. to get tanned by the sun. 5. (for a light/an eye of a stove) to be on, be burning; (for electricity) to be on. 6. to have fever, be feverish; /içinde/ to bum with (fever). 7. to have a burning sensation in (one’s eyes, throat, etc.), (for one’s eyes, throat, etc.) to burn. 8. colloq. to be in a bad predicament, be sunk, be done for, have had it; to get it in the neck; to be in the soup. 9. to expire; to become void.
   10. to be out, be eliminated (used by children when playing certain games). 11. /a/ colloq. to feel great sadness (at); to feel bitter regret (for). 12. (for an agricultural crop) to be damaged: Limonlar dondan yandı. The lemon trees were damaged by the frost. 13. (for a place) to be blazing hot, be hot as blazes.
   14. /la/ colloq. to be burning (with an emotion/a feeling). 15. /için/ colloq. to have a burning desire (for s.t./to do s.t.); to bum (to do s.t.). 16. /a/ colloq. to be inflamed with love for, be madly in love with; to feel a burning (sexual) desire for, have the hots for. Yanmış harmanın öşrü alınmaz, proverb You can’t expect any gain from something that’s been hit by disaster, yanıp tutuşmak colloq. 1. /a or için/ to be inflamed with love for, be madly in love with; to feel a burning (sexual) desire for, have the hots for. 2. /için/ to have a burning desire (for s.t ./to do s.t.); to burn (to do s.t.). 3. /için/ to burn with regret (because of), yanıp ya-kilmak/yakmmak colloq. to pour out one’s woes.
yanmaz fireproof.
yanpiri colloq., see yampiri.
yanpiri colloq., see yampiri.
yansı 1. reflection. 2. biol. reflex, reflex act.
yansıca psych, echopraxia.
yansılama 1. (light’s) being reflected. 2. /i/ imitating, mimicking.
                                                                                                  yapı
yansılamak 1. (for light) to be reflected. 2. hi to imitate, mimic, yansıma 1. reflection (of light). 2. echoing (of sound). 3. onomatopoeia, yansımak 1. (for light) to be reflected. 2. (for sound) to echo, yansıtaç reflector.
yansıtıcı 1. reflector. 2. reflective, capable of reflecting.
yansıtma /ı/ 1. reflecting (light). 2. echoing (sound). 3. colloq. showing, reflecting, yansıtmak /ı/ 1. to reflect (light). 2. to echo (sound). 3. colloq. to show, reflect, yansız 1. impartial, unbiased. 2. pol. neutral. 3. chem. neutral, neither acid nor alkaline. 4. elec. neutral, neither positive nor negative, yansızlık 1. impartiality, lack of bias. 2. pol., chem., elec. neutrality, yanşak prov. (s.o.) who talks too much, excessively garrulous, yanşaklama prov., see yanşama, yanşaklamak prov., see yanşamak, yanşaklık prov. excessive garrulity, tendency to yak.
yanşalama prov., see yanşama, yanşalamak prov., see yanşamak, yanşama prov. talking too much, yakking on endlessly.
yanşamak prov. to talk too much, yak on endlessly, yantutmaz see yansız, yantutmazlik see yansızlık, yantümce (/..) gram., see yanriimle.
Yanya (/.) loannina, Janina (in Greece), yapa slang mustache, soup-strainer. yapağı (sheep’s) wool shorn in the spring, spring wool, yapak prov., see yapağı, yapalak prov., zool. a kind of owl. yapay 1. artificial; imitation; false. 2. artificial, affected. — aydınlatma artificial lighting. — böbrek see suni böbrek. — dölleme see suni dölleme. — gübre see suni gübre. — ışık artificial light. — solunum see suni solunum/teneffüs. — tatlandırıcı 1. artificial sweetener. 2. artificial flavoring, yapayalnız (./..) all alone, completely alone; all by himself/herself/itself/yourself/our-selves/themselves. yapaylaşma becoming artificial, becoming affected, acquiring affectations; behaving in an affected manner, yapaylaşmak to become artificial, become affected, acquire affectations; to behave in an affected manner, yapaylık 1. artificiality, artificialness. 2. artificiality, affectation, affectedness, yapı 1. (a) building, edifice, (a) construction, (a) structure. 2. building, construction: Herkeste bir yapı hevesi başladı. Everyone was seized with a desire to build. 3. build, structure; constitution; physique; frame. 4. make, origin: Alman yapısı bir tabanca a revolver
 yapıbilgisi                                    941
   made in Germany/a German-made revolver.
   —      gereçleri building materials, construction materials. — ustası master builder; builder, yapıbilgisi, -ni (./...) gram, morphology, yapibilim (./..) 1. bot., gram., zool. morphology.
   2.     med., bot., zool. anatomy, yapibilimsel (./...) 1. bot., gram., zool. morphological, morphologic. 2. med., bot., zool. anatomical.
yapıcı 1. maker; builder; constructor. 2. constructive; creative; helpful. 3. builder; master builder.
yapıcılık 1. constructiveness. 2. being a builder;
   the work of a builder, yapık 1. prov. horse blanket. 2. Ott. hist, shaggy cape worn by a Janissary, yapılabilirlik feasibility, practicability, yapılı 1. (s.o./s.t.) who/which possesses (a certain kind of) build: iri yapılı bir adam a big-framed man. 2. made of, constructed of: tuğla yapılı made of brick. 3. (s.t.) which consists of (so many) buildings: dört yapılı bir okul a school housed in four buildings, yapılış 1. construction, the manner in which something has been constructed. 2. construction, fabrication, making, being constructed, yapılma 1. being made. 2. being done. 3. being built/constructed/fashioned. 4. being created/ manufactured/produced/prepared. 5. being repaired/fixed, yapılmak 1. to be made. 2. to be done. 3. to be built/constructed/fashioned. 4. to be created/ manufactured/produced/prepared. 5. to be repaired, be fixed, yapım 1. construction, building. 2. manufacture, manufacturing, production, making. 3. production (of a film/a television program). 4. med. anabolism, yapımcı 1. builder. 2. manufacturer, producer, maker. 3. producer (of a film/a television program).
yapımcılık 1. being a builder; the work of a builder. 2. being a manufacturer, manufacturing. 3. being a film/television producer, production of films or television programs, yapımevi, -ni (./..) 1. factory, manufactory; plant; mill. 2. manufacturing concern, manufacturing company. 3. cin. production company.
yapimsal med. anabolic, yapm artifact, artefact.
’yapıncak prov. a horse blanket.
2yapmcak see kmaliyapmcak. yapındırmak slang to have one or two drinks, have a snort or two. yapınma prov. 1. hi making (s.t.) for o.s. 2. hi having (s.t.) made for o.s. 3. /a/ trying to (do s.t. about which one as yet knows little or nothing), yapınmak prov. 1. hi to make (s.t.) for o.s. 2. hi to have (s.t.) made for o.s. 3. /a/ to try to (do s.t. about which one as yet knows little or nothing).
                                                                                       yapıştırmak
yapıntı phil. fiction, assumption, yapıntılı phil. fictitious, yapmtisal phil., see yapıntılı, yapirgan bot. petal.
yapısal 1. structural. 2. med. constitutional (disease). — dilbilim structural linguistics, yapısalcı 1. (a) structuralist. 2. structuralist, structuralistic, yapısalcılık structuralism, yapış 1. hi making; way of making. 2. hi doing; way of doing. 3. hi building, constructing, construction, fashioning; way of building/ constructing/fashioning. 4. hi creating; manufacturing; producing, production; preparing; way of creating/manufacturing/producing/ preparing. 5. iii repairing, fixing; way of repairing/fixing, yapışıcı clinging (vine). — sap adventitious rootlet (on a vine/a climbing plant), yapışık 1. /a/ stuck on/to, adhering to; clinging tightly to; stuck together. 2. colloq. boring/ importunate (person) who latches onto someone like a leech. — ikizler/kardeşler med. conjoined twins, Siamese twins, yapışıkçeneliler (../....) zool. Plectognathi. yapışkan 1. sticky, adhesive, viscid; viscous.
   2. colloq. boring/importunate (person) who latches onto someone like a leech, clinging, clingy.
yapışkanbalığı, -ni (../...) zool. remora, Eche-neis naucrates.
yapışkanbalığıgiller (../...) zool. Echeneidae/
    Echeneididae. yapışkanlık 1. stickiness, adhesiveness, viscidity; viscosity. 2. colloq. importunateness, im-portunacy, clingingness, clinginess. yapışkanotu, -nu (../..) bot. common pellitory, Parietaria officinalis. yapışmak /a/ 1. to stick (to), adhere (to); to cling to. 2. to seize (s.t.) eagerly (and then set to work). 3. colloq. (for a very boring/ importunate person) to cling to (s.o.) like a leech, latch onto (s.o.) like a leech, yapıştırıcı 1. adhesive, prepared for gluing/adhering. 2. (an) adhesive, adhesive substance. yapıştırılma: /a/ being glued/pasted/taped/stuck onto (s.t.); being adhered to (s.t.). yapıştırılmak /a/ to be glued/pasted/taped/stuck onto (s.t.); to be adhered to (s.t.). yapıştırma 1. /ı, a/ gluing/pasting/taping/sticking (one thing) to (another); adhering (one thing) to (another). 2. /i, a/ colloq. landing/ dealing (s.o.) (a blow). 3. /i, a/ colloq. saying (s.t.) immediately to (s.o.) (by way of reply).
   4. formerly ornament stuck on a bride’s face.
   5. (s.t.) which has been stuck on with glue; (s.t.) the parts of which have been stuck together with glue.
yapıştırmak /i, a/ 1. to glue/paste/tape/stick (one thing) onto (another); to adhere (one thing) to (another). 2. colloq. to land/deal (s.o.) (a blow). 3. colloq. to say (s.t.) immediately to (s.o.) (by way of reply).
yapış yapış
 942
yapraklı
yapış yapış (./ ..) very sticky, yapıt, -tı work of art, work, opus, yapıtaşı, -m (./..) building stone. — yapıdan/ yerde kalmaz, proverb A valuable or skillful person won’t go without work or be put on the shelf, yapkm prov. 1. rich, wealthy, well-off. 2.
   drunk, intoxicated, yapma 1. hi making. 2. hi doing. 3. hi building, constructing, fashioning. 4. hi creating; manufacturing; producing; preparing. 5. hi repairing, fixing. 6. artificial, imitation, false. 7. affected, feigned, mock. — bebek colloq. pretty but cold and soulless girl/woman, marble statue, ice princess. — çiçek artificial flower. — uydu artificial satellite, yapmacık 1. affected, artificial, feigned, mock.
   2.  affectation, affectedness, artificiality, pose, show. — gülümseme/tebessüm artificial smile.
yapmacıkçı 1. affected person. 2. artist who has a showy, artificial style, yapmacıklı showy and artificial; affected, yapmacıksız free of show/affectation; unaffected, natural, yapmak 1. Ill to make. 2. I\l to do. 3. hi to build, construct, fashion. 4. hi to create; to manufacture; to produce; to prepare. 5. Ill to do; to busy o.s. with (s.t.); to do (s.t.) (as one’s regular work/occupation); to carry out, perform; to effect, execute: Ne yapıyorsun? What’re you doing? Başka ne yapayım? What else can I do? Çiğdem öğretmenlik yapıyor. Çiğdem teaches ./Çiğdem’s a teacher.
   6.  lıl to repair, fix (s.t.). 7. hi to cause, bring about (an illness). 8. hi to be (used with reference to the weather): Geçen kış çok kar yaptı. It snowed a lot last winter. 9. hi to make, acquire (money). 10. Ill colloq. to produce (offspring). 11. Ill (for a vehicle) to do, go, travel at (a specified speed). 12. hi to make (s.o./s.t.) (reach a certain state): Bu ilaç beni iyi yaptı. This medicine made me well. İstanbul’u İstanbul yapan odur. That’s what makes Istanbul Istanbul./That’s what makes Istanbul what it is. Oğlumu doktor yapmak istiyorum. I want to make a doctor of my boy. Orayı muz bahçesi yapmalısınız. You ought to make that bit (of land) over there into a banana grove. 13. to do, act, behave: Gelmekle iyi yaptm. You did well to come. Fena mı yapmışım yani? So somebody reckons I’ve behaved badly, eh?
   14. hi to be occupied with (the doing of s.t.): Stajımı o hastanede yaptım. I did my internship in that hospital. Lise öğrenimini Sen Jozef’te yaptı. He got his high-school education at St. Joseph’s. 15. /a/ to defecate (in/on); to urinate, wet: Çocuk yine yatağına yapmış. The child’s wet the bed again. 16. hi to harm, do (s.o.) harm: Beni kızdıran kişiyi yaparım! I don’t let anybody who crosses me get off easy!/The person who
   crosses me is in for it! 17. hi to do, arrange: Pelin, saçını Rengin’e yaptırdı. Pelin had Rengin do her hair. Bir daha yatağını yapmadan kahvaltıya gelme ha! Don’t you let me catch you coming to breakfast again without first making your bed! 18. Ill to make/describe (an arc, a curve, a bend, etc.): Yol orada viraj yapar. The road makes a bend there. 19. hi slang to do it to, have sex with. Yapma! 1. Leave him/her/them alone!/ Leave it alone!/Stop it!/Cut it out!: Yapma Sevda, kırarsın! Leave it alone, Sevda! Otherwise, you’ll end up breaking it! 2. Oh go on!/Go on! (used to express disbelief): Yapma! Şaka söylüyorsun! Go on now; you’re kidding me! yapmadığını bırakmamak/koymamak (yapmadığı kalmamak) colloq. to do everything in the book to annoy/upset someone: Yavuz yapmadığını bırakmadı; onun sepetleneceği kesin. Yavuz’s committed every crime in the book; he’s sure to be fired. O gün söylediklerine itiraz ettim; ondan bu yana bana yapmadığı kalmadı. I objected to what she said that day, and since then she’s done everything possible to harass me. yaptığı hayır ürküttüğü kurbağaya değmemek colloq. for (s.o.’s) well -meant help to do more harm than good, yaprak 1. bot. leaf. 2. bot. grape leaf, vine leaf.
   3. layer, sheet (of dough/pastry): Bu baklavada altmış yaprak var. This baklava contains sixty layers of pastry. 4. page, leaf (of a book, newspaper, notebook, etc.). 5. geol. folium (in a metamorphic rock). 6. obs. panel, section (of a rug/a skirt/a sail). — aşısı hort. bud graft, graft made by budding. — ayası bot. blade, lamina (of a leaf). — dolması dolma (a food made by wrapping a grape/cabbage leaf around a bit of stuffing).
   —  dökümü fall, autumn. — kıpırdamamak colloq. for the air to be completely still, for there to be no wind at all, for not a leaf to be stirring. — kurmak to pickle grape leaves. — oynamamak colloq., see yaprak kıpırdamamak. — sapı bot. petiole, leafstalk. — sarması see yaprak dolması. — sigarası cigar. — tütün leaf tobacco, leaf.
   —  yaprak 1. multilayered, of many layers.
   2. in layers; layer upon layer. — yay mech. leaf spring.
yaprakanlan, -ni (./....) zool. Tenthredinidae. yaprakansi, -ni (./...) zool. sawfly. yaprakbiti, -ni (./..) zool. plant louse, aphid, Aphis.
yaprakbitleri, -ni (./...) zool. Aphididae. yaprakböcek (./..) zool. leaf insect, Orthoptera. yaprakçık bot. foliole; leaflet, yaprakçıl zool. leaf-eating, yapraklanma bot. coming into leaf, leafing out, leafing.
yapraklanmak bot. to come into leaf, leaf out, leave out, leaf, leave, yapraklı 1. (tree/plant) which is in leaf; leafed.
yapraksız
 943
yararlanma
    2. (s.t.) which consists of (so many) leaves.
   3.     geol. foliated (rock), yapraksız leafless.
yapraktaş (./.) geol. foliated rock, yapsat, -ti constructing buildings for sale, yapsatçı person who is in the business of constructing buildings for sale, yapsatçılık the business of constructing buildings for sale, yaptırım 1. /ı, a/ having (s.o.) make (s.t.). 2.
   /i, a/ having (s.o.) do (s.t.). 3. law sanction, yaptırma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) make (s.t.). 2.
   having (s.o.) do (s.t.). yaptırmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) make (s.t.). 2.
   to have (s.o.) do (s.t.). yapyalnız (.'..) see yapayalnız, yap yap (/ .) prov. very slowly and silently. — yürümek to walk/move very slowly and silently.
yâr, -ri (—) 1. beloved, love; lover. 2. friend.
    3. helper. —ü ağyar obs. friend and foe; friends and foes; everybody, everyone. — ü ağyara karşı obs. in front of everybody, publicly. — beni ansın bir koz ile, o da çürük çıksın, proverb Friends should occasionally remind each other of their friendship by giving each other gifts, even if the gifts are of the most trivial kind, —dan mı geçmeli, serden mi? colloq. I’m being asked to make an impossible choice ./I’m faced with an impossible choice. — olmak /a/ to help, assist, be a help. — olup bâr olmamak colloq. to be a friend who doesn’t make himself/ herself burdensome; to be a friend, not a burden.
yar sheer cliff, precipice, —dan atmak /i/ colloq. to lead (s.o.) into a dangerous situation by trickery. — yıkıldığı gün tozar, proverb The shock and suffering caused by a disaster are at their worst in the period immediately following the occurrence of the disaster; in time, however, they will grow less, yara 1. wound; open sore, ulcer; laceration; injury. 2. gash, rent, tear. — açmak /da/ to make a wound (in). — bağı bandage. — bere cuts and bruises; wounds and bruises. —sını deşmek (—sma dokunmak) /in/ colloq. to touch a sore spot, open up an old wound, bring up a sore topic. — fitili med. tent, seton (roll of lint/linen used to keep a wound open). — işlemek for a wound to fester and discharge. — izi scar from a wound.
    —  kabuğu scab, crust (over a wound). — kapanmak for a wound to heal, —sı olan gocunur, proverb It’s the hurt dog that hollers ./When a misdeed is being investigated the person who perpetrated it usually displays signs of anxiety. — sıcakken sarılır, proverb A wound of any kind should be seen to immediately; the longer it goes untended, the longer it will take for it to heal. — süngeri swollen flesh around a wound. — ya tuz biber ekmek colloq. to sprinkle salt on the
   wound.
Yaradan the Creator, the Maker, God. —a kurban olayım! Lordy!/Wow! (used to express great admiration): Yaradana kurban olayım, o ne bacaklar! Lordy, what legs! —a sığınıp colloq. mustering his strength: Yaradana sığınıp suratına bir Osmanlı tokadı indiriverdi. He mustered his strength and gave him a whomping cuff on the face. Yaradancı 1. (a) deist. 2. deistic, deistical. Yaradancılık deism.
yaradılış 1. nature, natural disposition, temperament. 2. creation, making, —tan by nature, naturally.
yarak 1. vulg. penis, *cock, *pecker, *dick, tool.
   2.     archaic weapon, yaralama h! 1. wounding, injuring. 2. doing (s.o.) an injury, hurting (s.o.’s) feelings, yaralamak hi 1. to wound, injure. 2. to do (s.o.)
   an injury, hurt (s.o.’s) feelings, yaralanma 1. being wounded, being injured. 2.
   (of feelings) being hurt, yaralanmak 1. to be wounded, be injured. 2.
   for (one’s) feelings to be hurt, yaralı 1. wounded, injured. 2. (s.t.) which has an open sore/ulcer on it. — kuşa kurşun sıkılmaz, proverb Don’t pick on someone while he’s/she’s down, yarama /a/ 1. being of use to, serving (s.o.’s) purpose; serving, availing; being good for.
   2.    being good for (s.o.’s) health, being good for (s.o.), doing (s.o.) good. 3. befitting, yaramak /a/ 1. to be of use to, serve (s.o.’s) purpose; to serve, avail; to be good for. 2. to be good for (s.o.’s) health, be good for (s.o.), do (s.o.) good. 3. to befit. Yarasm. colloq. I hope you enjoy/enjoyed it (said to a person eating!drinking). yaramaz 1. useless, good-for-nothing. 2.
   naughty; mischievous, yaramazlaşma getting naughty; getting mischievous.
yaramazlaşmak to get naughty; to get mischievous.
yaramazlık naughtiness; mischievousness. — etmek to behave naughtily; to do something naughty; to behave mischievously; to get up to some mischief; to do something mischievous.
yâran (—.) obs. 1. friends. 2. band, crew, group, yaranma /a/ currying favor with, cozying up to.
                                                           yaranmak /a/ to curry favor with, cozy up to. yarar 1. benefit, profit; advantage. 2. /a/ (s.o./ s.t.) who/which is useful to (s.o.); (s.o./s.t.) who/which is good for, who/which serves the purpose of. — ma Iml for the benefit of.
   —  bulmak/görmek /da/ to think it beneficial to (do s.t.).
yararcı phil. 1. (a) utilitarian. 2. utilitarian, of the utilitarians, yararcılık phil. utilitarianism, yararlanma /dan/ benefiting from, profiting
 yararlanmak
   from, making good use of; utilizing. — hak-ki law usufruct, yararlanmak /dan/ to benefit from, profit from, make good use of; to utilize, yararlı useful; worthwhile; advantageous, yararlık service, usefulness, yararlılık usefulness; worthwhileness; advantageousness, yararsız useless, of no use. yararsızlık uselessness, yarasa (./.) zool. bat, flittermouse, Chiropter. yarasalar (./..) zool. Chiroptera. yaraşık used in: — almak to be suitable, be fitting. — almaz unsuitable, unbecoming, yaraşıklı suitable, becoming, yaraşıklık suitability, suitableness, becomingness.
yaraşıksız unsuitable, unbecoming, yaraşma /a/ suiting, becoming, yaraşmak /a/ to suit, become, yaraştırma 1. h, slI making (s.t.) look good (on/ in); making (one thing) go with (another). 2. /i, a/ deeming (s.t.) suitable for (s.o.); thinking that (s.t.) befits (s.o.). 3. Ill making up, inventing (an untruth). 4. /i, a/ altering (a fact) to suit (one’s) own purposes, yaraştırmak 1. /ı, a/ to make (s.t.) look good (on/in); to make (one thing) go with (another). 2. /i, a/ to deem (s.t.) suitable for (s.o.); to think that (s.t.) befits (s.o.). 3. /i/ to make up, invent (an untruth). 4. h, a/ to alter (a fact) to suit (one’s) own purposes, yaratan 1. creator, maker. 2. /i/ (s.o.) who creates (s.t.). yaratı 1. original work, creation. 2. creation, creating, yaratıcı creative.
yaratıcılık creativity, creativeness, yaratık creature, living thing, yaratılış creation, genesis, yaratılma being created, yaratılmak to be created, yaratım 1. creation, creating. 2. creation, created thing.
yaratımcı 1. (a) creationist. 2. creationist, crea-tionistic. yaratımcılık creationism. yaratisal creational, creationary. yaratma /ı/ creating, creation, yaratmak /ı/ to create, yarbay mil. lieutenant colonel, yarbaylık mil. 1. lieutenant colonelcy. 2. being a lieutenant colonel, yarda (/.) yard (unit for measuring length, it roughly equals ninety-one centimeters), yardak obs., see yardakçı, yardakçı accomplice, henchman (in crime), yardakçılık complicity. — etmek /a/ to aid (s.o.) (in crime), be (s.o.’s) accomplice/ henchman.
yardım help, aid, assistance. — etmek /a/ 1. to help, aid, assist. 2. to encourage, foster, abet. —ma yetişmek /in/ colloq. to come to
944                                                 yarı
   (s.o.’s) aid.
yardımcı 1. helper, assistant; aide. 2. assistant to; vice-:' yardımcı konsolos vice-consul, başkan yardımcısı vice-chairman/assistant to the chairman. 3. maid, cleaning woman. 4. auxiliary; supplementary: yardımcı fiil auxiliary verb, yardımcı motor auxiliary engine, yardımlaşma helping one another; working together.
yardımlaşmak to help one another; to work together.
yardimsama /dan/ asking (s.o.) for help, seeking aid from (s.o.). yardimsamak /dan/ to ask (s.o.) for help, seek aid from (s.o.). yardımsever 1. (s.o.) who is always ready to lend a helping hand; (s.o.) who likes to help others; philanthropic. 2. person who is always ready to lend a helping hand; person who likes to help others; (a) philanthropist, yardımseverlik philanthropy, yardırma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) split (s.t.). yardırmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) split (s.t.). yaren (—.) friend.
yarenlik (—..) friendly chat. — etmek to have a friendly chat; to chat amiably, yarga see yarka.
yargı 1. idea, opinion. 2. law decision (of a court), judgment; verdict (of a jury). 3. adjudication: yargı yetkisi the power to adjudicate, adjudicatory power. 4. log., phil. judgment.
yargıcı 1. law juror. 2. referee, —lar kurulu law jury, yargıç law judge.
yargıçlık law 1. judgeship. 2. being a judge, yargievi, -ni (./..) courthouse, building in which courts of law are held, yargılama III law trying (s.o./a case); hearing (a case); judging, adjudicating, yargılamak h/ law to try (s.o./a case); to hear (a case); to judge, adjudicate, yargılanma law (s.o.’s/a case’s) being tried; (a case’s) being heard; being judged/adjudicated.
yargılanmak law (for s.o ./a case) to be tried; (for a case) to be heard; to be judged, be adjudicated.
Yargıtay Supreme Court, yarı 1. half of the: Öğrencilerin yarısı geldi. Half of the students have come, gece yarısı midnight. 2. half of, mid- ...: Yarı ömrüm bitti. Half of my life is over. Yarı yolda kaldık. We were left stranded in the middle of our journey, yarı gece midnight, yarı yün yarı polyester bir kazak a sweater made equally of wool and polyester. 3. sports half time. 4. halfway, half, only partially: yarı açık half open. Yarı anladı. He halfway understood, yarı pişmiş et underdone meat, yarı cahil semiliterate, yarı göçebe semi-nomadic/seminomad. yarı resmi semiofficial.
   —   belden aşağı colloq. below the waist,
 yarı-
   from the waist down. — belden yukarı colloq. above the waist, from the waist up. —da bırakmak hi to leave off (doing s.t.) when one has completed only half of it, stop doing (a job) which one is in the middle of.
   —   buçuk colloq. 1. piddling, trifling, trivial. 2. poor, sorry, third-rate, two-bit, crummy.
   —   çekili bayrak flag flying at half mast. — fiyatına at half price, at half the usual price, half-price. — inme path, hemiplegia, —da kalmak to be left half-finished/half-done. — yarıya 1. halfway, half. 2. in half, equally, fifty-fifty. — yolda bırakmak hi colloq. to leave (s.o.) in the lurch, leave (s.o.) high and dry.
yarı- prefix hemi-, semi-, demi-; mid-; half .... yarıbaşkalaşma (./....) zool. hemimetabolism, hemimetaboly.
’yarıcı splitter, chopper: odun yarıcı woodchop-per/woodcutter.
2yanci sharecropper (who receives one half of the crop in return for his work).
’yarıcılık woodchopping, being a woodchopper. 2yarıcılık sharecropping, metayage (on a fifty -fifty basis), yarıçap, -pi (./.) math, radius, yanfinal, -li (./..) sports semifinal match/round/ heat/game, semifinal, yarıgeçirgen (./...) semipermeable. yarıgöçebe (./...) 1. seminomad. 2. semi-nomadic.
yarıgöçebelik (./....) seminomadism, yarıgölge (./..) penumbra, yarıiletken (./...) phys., elec. semiconductor, yank 1. split, cleft, fissure; slit, chink. 2. anat. hiatus. 3. mining kerf, undercut. 4. split, cleft, cloven; slit. — damak cleft palate, yankalimli (./...) chem., phys. metastable, yankati (./..) semisolid, yarıküre (./..) geog. hemisphere, yarılama hi 1. being halfway through; completing half of. 2. being halfway down, going halfway down, yarılamak hi 1. to be halfway through; to complete half of. 2. to be halfway down, go halfway down: Koridoru yarılamıştı. He’d gone halfway down the corridor, yarılanma 1. being half done, being half finished. 2. being halfway traversed, yarılanmak 1. to be half done, be half finished.
   2.     to be halfway traversed, yarılma 1. being split; being split in two; being split down the middle; being cleaved, being rent; being slit. 2. splitting, splitting open, yarılmak 1. to be split; to be split in two; to be split down the middle; to be cleaved, be rent; to be slit. 2. to split, split open: Bu karpuzlar yarıldı. These watermelons have split open.
yarım 1. (a) half: İki yarım bir bütün eder.
   Two halves make a whole. 2. half of a, half a: yarım elma half of an apple/half an apple, yarım ekmek half a loaf (of bread), yarım
                                                                                                yarınki
   kilo half a kilo. 3. half past noon, twelve -thirty. 4. half past midnight, twelve-thirty.
   5. incomplete, partial, halfway, unsatisfactory, makeshift: yarım iş job that’s been poorly done, yarım oda poor thing to call a room, unsatisfactory room. 6. colloq. physically disabled (person), —da at half past twelve, at twelve-thirty; at half past noon; at half past midnight. — ağız/ağızla colloq. 1. half-hearted; reluctant. 2. half-heartedly; reluctantly. — akıllı colloq. half-witted, stupid. — başağrısı migraine affecting one side of the head. — daire math, half circle, semicircle. — doğru math, half line, half ray. — elma, gönül/hatır alma, proverb A very small kindness can be enough to win someone’s favor/affection.
   —     elmanın yarısı o, yarısı bu. colloq. They’re as like as two peas in a pod. — hekim candan eder, yarım hoca dinden eder. proverb If you take the advice of half ignorant people, you’ll suffer for it. — kalmak to be left half-finished/half-done. — kubbe arch, semidome. — pabuçlu/pabuç colloq. pauper, down-and-out, person who’s never had two pennies to rub together. — pansiyon half board. — porsiyon 1. half portion. 2. slang small, pint-sized, shrimpy (person). — saat half an hour, a half hour. — yamalak colloq. poor, sorry, third-rate, two-bit, crummy, yarımada (./..) geog. peninsula, yarimay (./.) half-moon, yarımca path. 1. hemiplegia. 2. migraine affecting one side of the head, yarımgün (./.) 1. part time. 2. part-time, yanmkanatli (./...) zool. hemipteral, hemipterous.
yanmkanatlilar (./....) zool. Hemiptera. yarımküre (./..) geom., geog. hemisphere, yanmlama hi 1. halving, dividing (s.t.) into two. 2. being halfway through; completing half of. 3. making (a job) much easier, cutting (the work) in half, yanmlamak hi 1. to halve, divide (s.t.) into two. 2. to be halfway through; to complete half of. 3. to make (a job) much easier, cut (the work) in half, yarımlık 1. halfness. 2. colloq. being physically disabled, disabled state. 3. prov. hernia, rupture.
yanmses (./.) mus. half step, halftone, semitone.
yarımşar a half each, a half apiece: Çocuklara yarımşar ekmek dağıtıldı. Each child received a half loaf of bread. Elmalar yarımşar yarımşar dağıtıldı. Everyone got half an apple each, yanmton (./.) 1. mus. half step, halftone, semitone. 2. phot, halftone, yanmyuvar (./..) hemisphere, yarm (/.) tomorrow. — öbür gün colloq. soon, in a few days’ time, yarınki, -ni (/..) tomorrow’s: Yarınki gazeteler-
945
 yarısaydam                                      946
de onu okuruz. We’ll read about it in tomorrow’s papers. — kazdan bugünkü tavuk/
                                                       yumurta yeğdir, proverb A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush, yarısaydam (./..) semitransparent, translucent, yarison (./.) sports semifinal match/round/heat/ game, semifinal, yarış 1. race, contest of speed. 2. competition, competing, vying. — alanı racecourse, racetrack (for horses). — arabası race car, racer,
   Brit, racing car. — atı racehorse, racer. — etmek /la/ to race against (each other). — otomobili see yarış arabası. — pisti 1. speedway (for motorized vehicles). 2. track, racetrack (for runners), yarışçı contester/contender (in a sports event), yarışıcı competitor; rival, yarışlık 1. racecourse, racetrack. 2. speedway, yarışma 1. racing; /la/ racing against (each other). 2. competing, contesting, contending, vying. 3. contest, competition: güzellik yarışması beauty contest, yarışmacı competitor, contestant, contender, yarışmak 1. to race; /la/ to race against (each other). 2. to compete, contest, contend, vie. yarıştırma 1. /ı/ having (s.o.) race, having (s.o.) participate in a race; /i, la/ having (one person) race against (another). 2. hi having (s.o.) compete/contest/contend/vie; /i, la/ having (one person) compete/contest/contend/vie wi|h (another), yarıştırmak 1. hi to have (s.o.) race, have (s.o.) participate in a race; /i, la/ to have (one person) race against (another). 2. hi to have (s.o.) compete/contest/contend/vie; /i, la/ to have (one person) compete/contest/contend/ vie with (another), yantanri (./..) demigod, semidivine being, yarıyıl (./.) semester, yarka one-year-old hen. yarkurul (/..) committee, commission, yarligama hi (God’s) forgiving, pardoning, yarligamak hi (for God) to forgive, pardon, yarlığ decree, edict (of a ruler), yarlık something which one’s conscience compels one to do. yarma 1. hi splitting/cleaving/rending/slitting (s.t.). 2. cut (as a passage cut in a ridge for a roadway). 3. mil. breakthrough. 4. colloq. big, uncouth person. 5. coarsely ground wheat, barley, etc. 6. coarsely ground (wheat, barley, etc.). 7. split (wood/logs/rails). — şeftali freestone peach, yarmak hi to split; to split (s.t.) in two; to split (s.t.) down the middle; to cleave, rend; to slit.
yarmalama hi splitting (s.t.) lengthwise, yarmalamak hi to split (s.t.) lengthwise, yarpuz bot. pennyroyal, Mentha pulegium. yas mourning. — tutmak to mourn, be in mourning.
                                                       yasa 1. (a) law. 2. code of laws, law code. — çıkarmak/koymak to make laws. — koyucu
                                                                                            yaslama
   lawmaker, legislator. sözcüsü attorney attached to the Danıştay. — yapmak see yasa çıkarmak/koymak, yasadışı, -m (./..) illegal, unlawful, yasadışılık (./...) illegality, unlawfulness, yasak 1. prohibition; ban. 2. forbidden, prohibited, off-limits. — bölge mil. off-limits area. — etmek hi to forbid, prohibit; to ban.
   —      olmak to be forbidden, be prohibited; to be banned. — savmak colloq. 1. (for s.t.) to do in a pinch, just to pass muster, get one by and no more, get you through and no more, just barely to suffice, just to come up to the mark. 2. (for s.t.) to be done merely for the sake of form/etiquette/propriety, yasakçı 1. prohibitor, prohibiter, forbidder. 2. hist, kavass, armed attendant of an ambassador/a consul, yasaklama hi forbidding, prohibiting; banning; /i, a/ forbidding (s.o.) (s.t.); /i, a/ forbidding (s.o.) (to do s.t.). yasaklamak hi to forbid, prohibit; to ban; /i, a/ to forbid (s.o.) (s.t.); /i, a/ to forbid (s.o.) (to do s.t.).
yasaklanma being forbidden, being prohibited;
   being banned, yasaklanmak to be forbidden, be prohibited; to be banned, yasaklayıcı prohibitive, prohibitory, yasal 1. legal, of or relating to law. 2. legal, lawful, legitimate, licit, yasalaşma becoming law. yasalaşmak to become law. yasalaştırma hi making/causing (s.t.) to become law.
yasalaştırmak hi to make/cause (s.t.) to become law.
yasalı legal, lawful, legitimate, licit, yasalilik legality, lawfulness, legitimacy, legitimateness, yasallaşma becoming legal/lawful, yasallaşmak to become legal, become lawful, yasallaştırma hi legalizing, making (s.t.) legal, yasallaştırmak hi to legalize, make (s.t.) legal, yasallık legality, lawfulness, legitimacy, legitimateness.
yasama 1. legislation, making laws. 2. hi prov. setting (s.t.) in order, straightening up. — dokunulmazlığı legislative immunity. — kurulu legislative body. — meclisi house, chamber (of a legislature), yasamak 1. to legislate, make laws. 2. hi prov.
   to set (s.t.) in order, straighten up. yasamalı legislative, yasan phil. intention, purpose, aim. yasasız 1. (place) which has no laws. 2. illegal, unlawful, illegitimate, illicit, yasemin (—..) bot. jasmine, Jasminum.
                                                        Yasin (—.) Islam the thirty-sixth sura of the Koran (usually recited either when s.o. is on the verge of death, after s.o. has died, or on a kandil gecesi), yaslama /ı, a/ leaning/propping (one thing)
 yaslamak
   against (another), yaslamak /ı, a/ to lean/prop (one thing) against (another).
'yaslanma /a/ 1. leaning against, propping o.s. against (s.t.). 2. (one thing’s) leaning on/ against (another). 3. relying on, counting on, depending on (s.o.).
2yaslanma mourning, being in mourning, 'yaslanmak /a/ 1. to lean against, prop o.s. against (s.t.). 2. (for one thing) to lean on/ against (another). 3. to rely on, count on, depend on (s.o.).
2yaslanmak to mourn, be in mourning, yaslı (s.o.) who is mourning, who is in mourning.
yasmak /ı/ prov. to flatten; to smooth, yasmık prov. lentil, yassı flat and wide, flat, yassıkadayıf (./...) a small, pancake-shaped pastry soaked in syrup, yassılanma see yassılaşma, yassılanmak see yassılaşmak, yassılaşma becoming flat and wide, becoming flat, flattening, flattening out. yassılaşmak to become flat and wide, become flat, flatten, flatten out. yassılık flatness.
yassılma 1. becoming flat and wide, becoming flat, flattening, flattening out. 2. slang getting happy.
                                                        yassılmak 1. to become flat and wide, become flat, flatten, flatten out. 2. slang to get happy, yassiltma hi making (s.t.) flat and wide, flattening, flattening (s.t.) out. yassiltmak hi to make (s.t.) flat and wide, flatten, flatten (s.t.) out. yassisolucanlar (./....) zool. Platyhelminthes.
yassısolungaçlılar (./.......) zool. Lamelli-
   branchialLamellibranchiata. yastağaç prov., zool. bream, Abramis brama. yastığaç prov. breadboard (used for kneading/ rolling dough), yastık 1. pillow. 2. cushion (of any size): iğne yastığı pin cushion. 3. hort. seedbed or propagating bed (for plants). 4. hiech. buffer, cushion. — kılıfı pillowcase. —- taşı arch. cushion (the top stone of a pier supporting an arch). — yüzü see yastık kılıfı.
Yaş Iaşi, Jassy, Yassy (in Romania).
'yaş 1. damp; moist. 2. fresh (fruit) (as opposed to dried). 3. tears (in a person’s eyes): bir damla yaş a tear. 4. slanğ bad, rough, tough.
   5. slang alcohol, liquor, booze. — akıtmak colloq., see yaş dökmek, —in arasında kuru da yanar, proverb, see Kurunun yanında yaş da yanar, —lara boğulmak colloq. to cry one’s eyes out, cry a river. — dökmek colloq. to shed tears, cry, weep, —mı içine akıtmak colloq. to cry inwardly, hide one’s grief. — kesen, baş keser, proverb A person who needlessly cuts down trees is a kind of murderer. — odun green wood, freshly cut wood. — tahtaya basmak colloq. to be
947                                        yaşamak
   duped, be swindled, be taken in. *-m yanında kuru da yanar, proverb, see Kurunun yanında yaş da yanar. — yere basmak colloq., see yaş tahtaya basmak.
2yaş 1. age (of a person): Kaç yaşındasın? How old are you? Orçun on üç yaşındadır. Orçun is thirteen years old. 2. age, period, time, stage (of life): Her yaşın ayrı sorunları var. Every stage of life presents a person with a different set of problems, —mı almak colloq., see yaşını başını almak. — i at pazarında sorarlar, proverb A person’s worth, unlike that of a horse, does not depend on how old he’s/she’s. — basmak colloq. to get old, begin to get old. —mı başını almak colloq. to be old. — ma başına bakmadan colloq. (doing s.t.) without stopping to consider whether or not it behooves one’s years (said disapprovingly). — ı benzemesin. May he/she not go to such an early grave! (said when comparing s.o. living to s.o. who died young). — günü birthday. — haddi 1. age limit. 2. mandatory retirement age. — i ne, başı ne? colloq. He’s/She’s too young and inexperienced to do this ./He’s/She’s still wet behind the ears. — ı toprakta sayılası! colloq., see Yaşı yerde sayılası! — i tutmamak not to be old enough. — ı yerde sayılası! colloq. May he/she go to an early grave !/May he/she die young! — yetmiş, iş bitmiş, proverb 1. Once a person has reached seventy, he’s/she’s no longer able to work very efficiently. 2. He’s/She’s old and past it./I’m on the shelf (said oflby an old person).
yaşam 1. life; course of existence; state of existence (as a human being). 2. life, lifetime. 3. life, life story, biography. — alanı psych, life space. — arkadaşı spouse, —a atılmak colloq. to begin to make a living, begin to earn money. — biçimi lifestyle, way of life. — ı-nı borçlu olmak /a/ colloq. to owe one’s life to. — geçirmek colloq. to spend one’s life. — ma girmek /in/ colloq. to come into (one’s) life, become a part of (one’s) life, —a gözlerini yummak/kapamak colloq. to die. — kavgası colloq. the struggle to earn a living, —i kaymak slang to be ruined, lose everything, —mı kazanmak colloq. to earn one’s living, —a küsmek colloq. to be weary of life, be fed up with it all. —da olmak to be alive, be living. — pahalılığı high cost of living. — sigortası life insurance, Brit. life assurance. — standardı standard of living. — süresi life-span. — vermek /a/ 1. to enliven, liven up. 2. to give life to (s.t.), bring (s.t.) to life.
yaşama 1. living. 2. /da/ living in, inhabiting.
   3. hi having/experiencing/enjoying (a period of time/a spell of weather). 4. /la/ living on (a certain amount of money, food, etc.).
yaşamaca for life, for the duration of someone’s life.
yaşamak 1. to live. 2. /da/ to live in, inhabit.
yaşambilim
 948
yataklık
   3.    hi to have/experience/enjoy (a period of time/a spell of weather): Savaş yıllarını yaşadılar. They experienced the war years. Güzel bir sonbahar yaşıyoruz. We’re enjoying a beautiful fall. 4. /la/ to live on (a certain amount of money, food, etc.). 5. to live well, enjoy life; to live in clover, have it made. Yaşa! colloq. 1. Thanks a lot!/Thanks a million! 2. Hurrah!/Hurray!/Bravo! 3. Well done!/Good for you! Yaşadık! colloq. We’re in clover!/We’ve got it made! Yaşa yaşa, gör temaşa, proverb The more you live the more you see ./Live and learn, yaşambilim (./..) biology, yaşambilimci (./...) biologist, yaşambilimsel (./...) biological, biologic, yaşamöyküsel (./...) biographical, yaşamöyküsü, -nü (./...) 1. life story, life, biography. 2. brief history of someone’s life, curriculum vitae, yaşamsal vital, of or relating to life, yaşamsallık vitalness, yaşanılma see yaşanma, yaşanılmak impersonal passive, see yaşanmak, yaşanma living.
yaşanmak impersonal passive to live, yaşantı 1. piece of life, slice of life. 2. colloq. life; way of living, style of life; course of existence, yaşarlık being alive.
                                                           yaşarma 1. (eyes’) filling with tears; watering (of one’s eyes). 2. (a tree’s) becoming sappy.
   3.    becoming moist/damp, yaşarmak 1. (for one’s eyes) to fill with tears; (for one’s eyes) to water. 2. (for a tree) to become sappy: Ağaçlar yaşarıyor. The sap’s rising in the trees. 3. to become moist/damp, yaşartma hi 1. making (s.o.’s eyes) fill with tears; making (s.o.’s eyes) water. 2. causing the sap to rise in (trees). 3. making (s.t.) moist/damp, yaşartmak hi 1. to make (s.o.’s eyes) fill with tears; to make (s.o.’s eyes) water. 2. to cause the sap to rise in (trees). 3. to make (s.t.) moist/damp, yaşatıcı (measure) designed to keep someone/ something alive; hi (measure) designed to keep (s.o./s.t.) alive, yaşatma hi 1. keeping (s.o./s.t.) alive. 2. making (an event) come alive. 3. causing/enabling (s.o.) to live (in a certain way), yaşatmak hi 1. to keep (s.o./s.t.) alive. 2. to make (an event) come alive. 3. to cause/ enable (s.o.) to live (in a certain way), yaşayış way of living, style of life, life, yaşdönümü, -nü (/...) 1. (anniversary of one’s) birthday. 2. med. change of life; menopause; climacteric.
yaşıt, -ti 1. person who is the same age as o.s., contemporary. 2. /la/ (s.o.) who is the same age as (another), yaşlandırma hi causing (s.o./s.t.) to grow old, aging.
yaşlandırmak hi to cause (s.o./s.t.) to grow old, age.
yaşlanma growing old, aging, yaşlanmak to grow old, age.
’yaşlı full of tears, tearful, teary.
2yaşlı old, aged, elderly. — başlı colloq. elderly, —lar yurdu rest home, retirement home, old people’s home, yaşlık damp; dampness; moistness, yaşlılık old age.
yaşmak yashmak, yasmak, veil (tulle veil for a woman’s face which leaves only the eyes exposed to public view). — tutmak/tutunmak to put on a yashmak, yaşmaklama hi putting a yashmak on (a woman’s) face, veiling (a woman’s) face with a yashmak.
yaşmaklamak III to put a yashmak on (a woman’s) face, veil (a woman’s) face with a yashmak.
yaşmaklanma wearing a yashmak, yaşmaklanmak to wear a yashmak, yaşmaklı (woman) who is wearing a yashmak, veiled.
yaşmaksız 1. (woman) who is not wearing a yashmak, unveiled. 2. unveiled, with her face unveiled.
yat, -ti yacht. — kulübü yacht club. — limanı naut. marina, a harbor for yachts, yatağan yataghan, ataghan. yatak 1. bed; bedstead. 2. mattress. 3. bed (of a stream/a river/a lake); course, channel (of a stream/a river). 4. seam/bed/vein/lode/ placer (of a mineral). 5. den, lair (of animals); place abounding in (game). 6. colloq. den, lair (of thieves). 7. colloq. receiver of stolen goods, fence; person who harbors a criminal. 8. mech. (a) bearing. 9. chamber (of a gun). 10. hort. trench into which seedling plants are transplanted. 11. straw-filled container in which eggs/fruits are stored: yatak limonu lemon which has been stored in straw, —a bağlamak III (for an illness) to confine (s.o.) to bed, keep (s.o.) in bed, make (s.o.) bedfast. — çarşafı bed sheet, —lar çekmek hi colloq. to feel like hitting the sack immediately (because of fatigue), —a düşmek colloq. to be bedfast, be laid up (because of illness), —a girmek to go to bed.
   —   liman large harbor (capable of accommodating a naval fleet). — odası bedroom.
   —   örtüsü bedspread, —mı yapmak /m/ 1. to make up (s.o.’s) bed, arrange (s.o.’s) bedclothes. 2. to make up a bed for (s.o.), prepare a bed for (s.o.). — yüzü bedtick, tick.
yatakhane (..—.) dormitory, yataklı 1. furnished with a bed or beds, furnished with (a specified number ol) beds. 2. deep (stream/river/lake). 3. colloq. sleeping car, sleeper, Brit, sleeping carriage. — vagon rail, sleeping car, sleeper, Brit, sleeping carriage.
   yataklık 1. bedstead. 2. (place) which can ac-
yatalaK                                              949
   commodate (a specified number) of beds. 3. (material) suitable for making mattresses. — etmek /a/ colloq. to receive and conceal (stolen goods); to harbor (a criminal). — hasta person who is so ill he/she needs to be in bed.
yatalak bedfast, bedridden, yatay horizontal.
yataylık being horizontal, horizontality. yatçı person who rents out yachts, yatçılık the business of renting out yachts, yatı overnight stay: Gece yatısına buyurun! You’re welcome to spend the night ./You’re welcome to stay overnight. —ya beklemek hi to expect (s.o.) to stay overnight. — ya gelmek to come for an overnight stay; /a/ to make (s.o.) an overnight visit. — izni overnight leave (given a soldier/a boarding student).
yatık 1. (s.t.) which is lying prone/flat: yatık yaka turndown collar. 2. prov. (s.t.) which has deteriorated with disuse. 3. low-lying. 4. slang loose, wanton, sexually promiscuous.
   5.     slang prostitute, whore, harlot. 6. prov. wide, shallow water bowl, yatikent, -ti (./.) bedroom town; dormitory suburb.
yatılı 1. boarding (school/student). 2. boarder, boarding student, yatılma 1. lying; lying down. 2. going to bed.
   3.     spending the night, staying overnight, yatılmak impersonal passive 1. to lie; to lie down. 2. to go to bed. 3. to spend the night, stay overnight, yatım naut. cant (of a ship’s masts), yatır place where a holy man is buried, yatırı bank deposit which yields interest, yatırım 1. investment, investing; depositing. 2. investment, sum invested; deposit. — bankası investment bank. — portföyü investment portfolio, yatırımcı investor; depositor, yatırma 1. h! putting (s.o.) to bed. 2. hi bedding, bedding down, accommodating (an overnight guest). 3. /i, a/ putting (s.o.) in (hospital). 4. Ill causing (s.o.) to lie down.
   5.    Ill laying (s.o./s.t.) flat, laying (s.o./s.t.) at full length; knocking (s.o.) flat. 6. hi causing (s.t.) to lean to one side; causing (a ship) to list, listing. 7. hi depositing (money); paying in (money); investing (money). 8. /i, a/ marinating/marinading (a food) (in). 9. hi slang beating (an opponent) (in a game), yatırmak 1. hi to put (s.o.) to bed. 2. Ill to bed, bed down, accommodate (an overnight guest). 3. /i, a/ to put (s.o.) in (hospital). 4. hi to cause (s.o.) to lie down. 5. hi to lay (s.o./s.t.) flat, lay (s.o./s.t.) at full length; to knock (s.o.) flat. 6. Ill to cause (s.t.) to lean to one side; to cause (a ship) to list, list. 7. hi to deposit (money); to pay in (money); to invest (money). 8. /i, a/ to marinate/rçıari-nade (a food) (in). 9. hi slang to beat (an
yatuk
   opponent) (in a game), yatısız 1. day (school/student). 2. day student, yatışma dying down, subsiding; calming down, yatışmak to die down, subside; to calm down, yatıştırıcı tranquilizing; calming, soothing, yatıştırma hi calming; soothing; mollifying, yatıştırmak hi to calm; to soothe; to mollify, yatki archaic crease, wrinkle, yatkın 1. /a/ (s.o.) who is inclined to, who favors. 2. /a/ susceptible to; predisposed to. 3. prov. (s.t.) which has deteriorated with disuse.
   4.    (s.t.) which is leaning to one side; (ship) which is listing. 5. colloq. (s.o.) who has been in prison for a long time, yatkınlık 1. aptitude, knack, bent. 2. susceptibility; predisposition, yatma 1. going to bed. 2. (s.o.’s) being in bed.
   3. staying in bed; keeping to one’s bed; being bedfast. 4. /a/ entering, going into (hospital). 5. lying, lying flat, lying at full length.
   6.    /da/ staying in; remaining in, sitting in (a place). 7. /a/ leaning to (one side); (a ship’s) listing. 8. colloq. being in prison. 9. /la/ slang having sex with, sleeping with, yatmak 1. to go to bed. 2. (for s.o.) to be in bed, be lying down. 3. to stay in bed; to keep to one’s bed; to be bedfast. 4. /a/ to enter, go into (hospital). 5. to lie, lie flat, lie at full length. 6. /da/ to stay in; to remain in, sit in (a place). 7. /a/ to lean to (one side); (for a ship) to list. 8. /a/ slang to agree to, accept.
   9. slang (for s.t.) to be fated not to occur, not to be on: Bu iş yattı galiba. It looks like this thing’s not on. 10. colloq. to be in prison. 11. /la/ slang to have sex with, sleep with. 12. colloq. (for a sports team) to be beaten; (for a team) to suffer a series of defeats, have a bad season. Yatan/Yatar ars-landan/kurttan, gezen/yeler tilki yeğdir/ iyidir, proverb An ordinary man who’s hardworking is preferable to a powerful and prominent man who’s lazy, yatıp kalkıp colloq. continually, always, yatıp kalkmak colloq. 1. /da/ to sleep, spend one’s nights in: Nerede yatıp kalkıyorsun? Where are you sleeping at night? 2. /la/ to have sex with, sleep with. Yatan ölmez, eceli yeten ölür, proverb One doesn’t die because of illness; one dies because one’s time has come. Yatanın yürüyene borcu var. proverb 1. A person who doesn’t have a steady job is always in debt. 2. A person who enjoys something which he/she himself/herself didn’t earn owes a debt of thanks to the person who earned it.
yatsı 1. a time about two hours after sunset. 2. Islam the ritual prayer performed two hours after sunset. — namazı Islam the ritual prayer performed two hours after sunset, yatuğan archaic any stringed musical instrument which rests horizontally on one’s lap when played, yatuk archaic, see yatuğan.
 yavan                                               950
yavan 1. tasteless, flavorless, insipid (food). 2. (bread) eaten without anything else, dry. 3. vapid, dull, uninteresting, insipid, yavanlaşma going flat, losing its savor; becoming vapid/dull/uninteresting/insipid. yavanlaşmak to go flat, lose its savor; to become vapid/dull/uninteresting/insipid, yavanlık 1. tastelessness, flavorlessness, insipidity, insipidness (of food). 2. vapidity, vapidness, dullness, insipidity, insipidness, yavaş 1. slow. 2. quiet, soft. 3. mild-mannered, gentle. 4. slowly. 5. quietly, softly. 6. gently, lightly. Y—! colloq. Slow down!/Go slowly !/Take it easy! —tan almak hi colloq. 1. to do (s.t.) too slowly, work too slowly on (s.t.). 2. to take a gentle line with, adopt a mild manner toward (s.o.). — atm çiftesi/ tekmesi pek/yavuz olur, proverb When a mild-mannered person blows his stack, he blows it in a big way. — gel/ol! colloq. 1. Don’t try to have me on!/Quit pulling my leg! 2. Slow down!/Take it easy! — tükürüğün sakala zararı var. proverb If. you’re gentle when you should be firm, you’ll suffer for it. — tütün mild tobacco. — yavaş 1. slowly. 2. gradually; bit by bit. yavaşa prov. barnacles (for a horse), yavaşça (./.) 1. rather slowly. 2. rather quietly, rather softly. 3. rather gently, rather lightly, yavaşlama slowing down, yavaşlamak to slow down, yavaşlatma III slowing, slowing (s.t.) down;
   slackening; retarding, yavaşlatmak h! to slow, slow (s.t.) down; to slacken; to retard, yavaşlık 1. slowness. 2. quietness, softness. 3.
   mildness of manner, gentleness, yave (—.) nonsense, bunk, rot. yaver (—.) 1. aide (of a high government official). 2. mil. aide-de-camp (of a general).
   3. assistant, helper. — gitmek colloq. to go well.
yaverlik (—..) rank/office/duties of an aide or an aide-de-camp, yavru 1. young animal: kedi yavrusu kitten, köpek yavrusu puppy/pup. 2. child. 3. slang sexy, good-looking young woman. —m darling, my dear, honey (affectionate form of address). — atmak (for an animal) to abort.
yavruağzı, -ni (./..) 1. pinkish orange (the color). 2. pinkish-orange, yavrucak poor little thing, poor little dear (said of a child).
yavrucuk sweet little thing, sweet little darling (said of a child). yavrukurt (./.) cub scout, cub. yavrulama (an animal’s) bringing forth young, yavrulamak (for an animal) to bring forth young.
yavsı prov., zool. tick, Ixodes. yavşak 1. prov. newly hatched louse, nit. 2. colloq. talkative and overly friendly. 3. slang
                                                                                   yaygınlaşmak
   child, kid. 4. slang passive male homosexual, fag, queer.
yavşanotu, -nu (./..) bot. speedwell, Veronica. yavuklama 111 prov. getting (one’s son/daughter) engaged to be married, yavuklamak hi prov. to get (one’s son/daughter) engaged to be married, yavuklanma prov. getting engaged to be married.
yavuklanmak prov. to get engaged to be married.
                                                        yavuklu prov. 1. fiance; fiancee. 2. (s.o.) who is engaged to be married, yavuz 1. stern; tough. 2. amazingly clever and capable. 3. gutsy, tough. — at yemini artırır. proverb A hard-working person will be rewarded for his/her efforts. — hırsız ev sahibini bastırır, proverb A clever, brazen person can make others believe that he’s/she’s completely innocent and that the person he/she has wronged is guilty, yavuzluk 1. sternness, toughness. 2. amazing cleverness and capability. 3. guts, toughness. Yay astrol. Sagittarius, the Archer, yay 1. bow (for shooting an arrow). 2. bow (with which a stringed instrument is played).
   3.    mech. spring (e.g. bedspring, watch spring). 4. math, arc, curve, yaya 1. (a) pedestrian. 2. (s.o.) who goes on foot. 3. (going somewhere) on foot. — bırakmak hi colloq. to leave (s.o.) in the lurch.
   —  geçidi 1. pedestrian crossing, crosswalk. 2. footwalk (on a bridge). — kaldın tatar ağası! colloq. You bet on the wrong horse!/ You’re sitting high and dry! — kaldırımı sidewalk, Brit, pavement. — kalmak colloq. to be left in the lurch; to be left sitting high and dry.
                            yayan 1. (going somewhere) on foot. 2. colloq. uninformed, not very knowledgeable (in a particular subject). — yapildak colloq. bare -footed and traveling on foot, yayçizer pair of compasses, yaydırma /i, a/ having (s.o.) spread (s.t.) out;
                            having (one thing) spread on (another), yaydırmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) spread (s.t.) out;
                            to have (one thing) spread on (another), yaygara howl, shouting; hullabaloo, brouhaha (over s.t. relatively unimportant). — yi bas-mak/koparmak colloq. to set up a howl (about s.t. relatively unimportant), yaygaracı (s.o.) who will set up a howl about something on the slightest provocation, yaygı 1. something spread out on the ground/ floor as a covering; ground cloth. 2. something spread over a piece of furniture as a cover.
yaygm widespread; prevalent. — eğitim informal education. — yanlış grammatical mistake sanctioned by usage, yaygınlaşma becoming widespread; becoming prevalent.
yaygınlaşmak to become widespread; to be-
yaygınlık                                         951
    come prevalent, yaygınlık being widespread; prevalence, yayıcı diffusing, diffusive, yayık 1. wide and shallow. 2. spread out, spread.
    —     ağızlı colloq. (s.o.) who drawls his/her words. — yayık konuşmak colloq. to speak with a drawl, drawl one’s words, drawl, yayık churn. — yağı churned butter, yayılı spread, spread out. yayılıma 1. (an) imperialist. 2. imperialist, imperialistic, yayilimcilik imperialism, yayılma 1. being spread, being spread out. 2. spreading, spread, becoming diffused, diffusion. 3. (a person’s) stretching out, sprawling.
    4.    widening, becoming wider. 5. prov. grazing, pasturing, yayılmacı anthropology diffusionist. yayılmacılık anthropology diffusionism. yayılmak 1. to be spread, be spread out. 2. to spread, become diffused. 3. (for s.o.) to stretch out or sprawl. 4. to widen, become wider. 5. prov. to graze, pasture, yayım 1. publication (of printed matter). 2. (radio/television) broadcasting. 3. phys. emission.
yayımcı publisher (of printed matter), yayımcılık publishing, the publishing business, yayımlama /ı/ 1. publishing. 2. broadcasting (s.t.) (by radio/television), yayımlamak /ı/ 1. to publish. 2. to broadcast (s.t.) (by radio/television), yayımlanma 1. being published. 2. being broadcast (by radio/television), yayımlanmak 1. to be published. 2. to be broadcast (by radio/television).
‘yaym 1. publication. 2. broadcast.
2yaym zool., see yaymbalığı. yaymbalığı, -nı (./...) zool. sheatfish, sheathfish, Silurus glanis. yaymbalığıgiller (./.....) zool. Siluridae. yayındırıcı phys. 1. diffuser. 2. diffusive, yayındırma hi phys. diffusing, diffusion, yaymdirmak hi phys. to diffuse, yayınevi, -ni (./..) publishing house, press, yayınık phys. diffused, yayınım phyş., see yayınma, yayınma phys. diffusion, being diffused, yayla (/.) 1. mountain pasture (used in the summer). 2. high plateau, yaylacı (/..) 1. (a) transhumant. 2. transhumant, of or related to transhumance. yaylacılık (/...) transhumance. yaylak mountain pasture, yaylakıye (.— ..) hist, fee paid to the owner of a mountain pasture by the person who grazes his flock there, yaylamak prov. 1. to spend the summer in the mountains. 2. Ill to graze (one’s flock) in a mountain pasture, yaylandırma III 1. making (s.t.) springy. 2. making (s.t. springy or equipped with springs) move up and down or back and forth.
                                                                                           yazdırıcı
yaylandırmak hi 1. to make (s.t.) springy. 2. to make (s.t. springy or equipped with springs) move up and down or back and forth.
yaylanma 1. (of s.t. springy or equipped with springs) moving up and down or back and forth. 2. springing/bouncing (as one moves); having a spring/a bounce in one’s walk. 3. slang going away, beating it, making tracks, yaylanmak 1. (for s.t. springy or equipped with springs) to move up and down or back and forth. 2. to spring/bounce (as one moves); to have a spring/a bounce in one’s walk. 3. slang to go away, beat it, make tracks, yaylı 1. equipped with a spring or springs, sprung. 2. (stringed musical instrument) played with a bow. 3. spring-carriage, horse carriage mounted on springs, yaylım 1. speading. 2. pasture. 3. slang bill (showing how much money one owes), damage. — ateşi volley, volley fire. — ateşine tutmak hi to fire on (people) in volleys; to volley bullets into (a place), yayma 1. /ı, a/ spreading (one thing) on/over (s.t. else). 2. hi spreading, broadcasting, disseminating (news). 3. hi spreading (disease).
   4.    hi scattering; spreading. 5. hi prov. taking (animals) to pasture. 6. small display of goods for sale (as one spread out by a sidewalk peddler), yaymacı sidewalk peddler (whose goods are spread out in front of him), yaymak 1. /ı, a/ to spread (one thing) on/over (s.t. else). 2. hi to spread, broadcast, disseminate (news). 3. hi to spread (disease). 4. hi to scatter; to spread. 5. hi prov. to take (animals) to pasture, yayvan 1. wide and shallow; low and spreading. 2. drawly, drawling (way of speaking). 3. (speaking) with a drawl. — yayvan colloq. (speaking) with a drawl, yaz summer, summertime, —a çıkardık danayı, beğenmez oldu anayı, proverb You go to a lot of trouble to raise your child only to find that he/she rebels against you and scorns you when he/she comes of age. —a çıkmak to reach the summer season. — ı getirmek to try to hurry summer (said jokingly to!of s.o. who’s put on summer clothes before summer has begun). — gündönümü astr. summer solstice. — kampı summer camp. — kış summer and winter, all the year round. — okulu summer school. — saati daylight saving time, Brit, summer time. — uykusu aestivation, estivation (of animals). — yalan, kış gerçek, proverb Some situations can be handled with the greatest of ease, whereas others really put you to the test, yazanak written report, yazar writer; author, yazarkasa (./..) cash register, yazarlık being a writer/an author, yazdırıcı comp, printer.
yazdırma
 952
yazmak
yazdırma /ı, a/ having (s.o.) write (s.t.). yazdırmak /ı, a/ to have (s.o.) write (s.t.). yazgı fate, destiny.
yazgıcı 1. (a) fatalist. 2. fatalist, fatalistic, yazgıcılık fatalism, yazgısal fatalistic.
'yazı 1. writing, act of writing. 2. piece of writing, writing. 3. article (in a newspaper/a magazine). 4. handwriting; calligraphy. 5. alphabet. 6. colloq. fate, destiny. —yı çıkarmak see yazıyı sökmek. — dili the written language, the literary language. — ya dökmek III to express (s.t.) in writing. — ya gelmemek to be something that cannot be adequately explained in writing. — hocası teacher of penmanship/calligraphy. — makinesi typewriter. — masası desk. — mı, tura mi? Heads or tails? — yı sökmek to be able to decipher s.o.’s handwriting. — tahtası blackboard. — taşı slate (used as a surface for writing). — tura atmak to toss a coin (in order to determine the outcome of s.t.). 2yazi plain; flat expanse of land, yazibilim (./..) graphology, yazibilimci (./...) graphologist, yazibilimsel (./...) graphological, yazıcı 1. copyist, transcriber; scribe; public letter writer; clerk, secretary. 2. mil. soldier who acts as a clerk. 3. cin. screenwriter, scriptwriter. 4. comp• printer. 5. mech. recorder, apparatus that records something diagram-matically. — er mil. soldier who acts as a clerk. — kadm prov. woman who puts make -up, spangles, and various small pieces of jewelry on a bride’s face, yazıhane (..—.) 1. office (place of business usually consisting of one room). 2. office desk.
yazık (a) pity, (a) shame: Gelememen büyük bir yazıktı. It was a great pity you couldn’t come. Y—! colloq. What a pity!/What a shame! — etmek /a/ 1. to ruin, spoil (s.t.).
   2.    to do (s.o.) an injustice. — olmak /a/ 1. for it to be a shame that (s.t.) has been ruined, spoiled, or come to naught. 2. for it to be a shame that (s.o.) has suffered or been badly done, —lar olsun! colloq. I wouldn’t have expected this from you A thought you were above doing such a thing. — sana! colloq. 1. I wouldn’t have expected this from you A thought you were above doing such a thing. 2. What a pity for you! yazıklanmak /a/ to pity the fact that, regard it as a pity that, yazıksız prov. innocent, sinless, yazılı 1. (s.t.) which has writing on it. 2. written (as opposed to spoken). 3. /a/ enrolled in, registered in; enlisted in. 4. /da/ entered in, recorded in, written in. 5. colloq. fated, decreed by fate, destined to happen. 6. written examination/exam. — çıkış/çıktı comp, print -out. — smav written examination/exam, yazılım comp, software. — paketi software
   package. — uyumluluğu/uyumu software compatibility, yazılma 1. being written. 2. /a/ being enrolled/ registered in; being enlisted in; being signed on.
yazılmak 1. to be written. 2. /a/ to be enrolled in, be registered in; to be enlisted in; to be signed on.
yazım 1. writing, act of writing. 2. spelling;
                                                                                            orthography, yazm literature.
yazm (/.) in summer, during the summer. — araması, kışın taraması olmasa herkes besler mandayı, proverb A great many people would have certain things if those things didn’t require a lot of care or upkeep. — başı pişenin, kışın aşı pişer, proverb 1. A person who works in summer will have something to eat in winter. 2. A person who works when he’s/she’s young will enjoy a comfortable old age. yazıncı literary man, man of letters; writer, author; literary critic, yazınsal literary, of or related to literature, yazışmak to correspond, write to each other;
   /la/ to correspond with, yazıt, -ti inscription (on a building/a monument); epitaph, yazlama /da/ summering, spending the summer, estivating (in a place), yazlamak /da/ to summer, spend the summer, estivate (in a place), yazlık 1. summer home, summer house, summer place. 2. article of summer clothing. 3. summer, suitable for summer, estival. — ina for the summer, —a çıkmak to go to one’s summer home.
yazlı kışlı (./ ..) summer and winter, all the year round.
yazma 1. writing, act of writing. 2. handwritten manuscript. 3. cloth that has been painted/ printed by hand. 4. painting/printing cloth by hand. 5. prov., path, mumps, parotitis. 6. hand-written, written by hand. 7. hand -painted/hand-printed (cloth). — yı engellemek comp, to write-protect. — engelli comp. write-protected. — yitimi psych, agraphia, yazmacı maker/seller of hand-painted/hand -printed cloth, yazmak 1. hi to write: Bana yazmayı unutma! Don’t forget to write me! Aliye teyzene Demet’in gelmesi için yazdım. I’ve written to your Aunt Aliye saying that Demet is to come. 2. Ill to enroll, register; to enlist, sign (s.o.) on. 3. /a/ to write articles for, write for (a newspaper/a magazine). 4. hi prov. to put make-up, spangles, and various small pieces of jewelry on (a bride’s) face, yaz boz tahtası formerly school slate, yaz boz tahtasına çevirmek hi colloq. to confuse (a situation) by repeatedly reversing o.s., muddle (a situation) by repeatedly changing one’s mind.
 yazman                                           953
yazman secretary, yazmanlık secretaryship.
Yb chem. Yb (ytterbium), yedek 1. (a) spare; (a) reserve, something held in reserve; (a) standby. 2. towrope; towline.
    3. horse taken in tow as a spare. 4. spare; reserve; held as a spare/a reserve; standby, —inde with (s.t.) in tow: At yedeklerinde köye indiler. They descended to the village with the horse in tow. — akçe fin. reserve, money kept in reserve. — e almak hi 1. to tow; to take (s.t.) in tow. 2. to take (a horse) in tow as a spare. — at spare horse taken in tow. —e binmek to mount one’s spare horse.
    —/—te çekmek 111 to tow. — e çekmek hi to set (s.t.) aside as a spare/a reserve. — ip tow rope. — kopya comp, backup copy. — lastik spare tire. — oyuncu 1. theat. understudy. 2. sports substitute player, (a) reserve.
    —  parça spare part. — subay mil. reserve officer.
yedekçeker (./..) tugboat, tug, towboat. yedekçi 1. man who has a spare horse in tow.
   2. person who tows a boat, tower, yedekleme 111 1. getting a spare part for (s.t.).
   2. towing. 3. comp, backup, backing up. yedeklemek hi 1. to get a spare part for (s.t.).
    2. to tow. 3. comp, to back up. yedekteker (./..) spare tire, yedi seven. — canlı colloq. (person/animal) who/which has managed to get through a number of dangerous situations alive. — ceddine lanet! colloq. May you and your progenitors be damned! — düvel colloq. 1. the Great Powers, the powerful nations of the world. 2. everybody, all creation, all and sundry. — harika the Seven Wonders of the World. — iklim dört bucak colloq. everywhere. — kat el/yabancı colloq. complete stranger, total stranger. — kubbeli hamam kurmak colloq. to build castles in the air.
    —  mahalle colloq. everybody and his brother. —sinden yetmişine kadar (yediden yetmişe) colloq. (everybody) young and old alike.
Yedi Adalar the Ionian Islands (the ancient Heptanesus). yedibaşı, -m (./..) dangerous person, tough cookie, rough character, yediemin (/...) law sequestrator, sequester, depositary, receiver (appointed by a court), yedigen geom. 1. heptagon. 2. heptagonal.
Yedigir astr. the Big Dipper.
Yedikardeş (./..) prov., astr., see Yedigir, yedili 1. (s.t.) which contains or consists of seven things/parts. 2. playing cards seven, yedilik 1. (s.t.) designed to hold seven things.
   2. (s.t.) weighing seven grams/kilos, yedinci \. seventh, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is seventh in a countable series. 2. seventh, in the seventh place, yedirilme being fed. yedirilmek to be fed.
                                                                                           yeğniltmek
yedirme 1. /ı, a/ getting (s.o./an animal) to eat (s.t.). 2. hi feeding (s.o./an animal); /i, a/ feeding (s.t.) to (s.o./an animal). 3. /i, a/ working (one thing) into (another) (by rubbing or slow mixing). 4. a packing made of hemp, oil, and lime (placed in the joints of pipes to prevent leakage), yedirmek 1. /ı, a/ to get (s.o./an animal) to eat (s.t.). 2. hi to feed (s.o./an animal); /i, a/ to feed (s.t.) to (s.o./an animal). 3. /i, a/ to work (one thing) into (another) (by rubbing or slow mixing). 4. /i, a/ to reconcile (s.t.) with (one’s honor, etc.). yedişer seven each, seven apiece. — yedişer in groups of seven; seven at a time, yediuyuklayan (./....) zool. fat dormouse, seven sleeper, Glis glis.
yediuyuklayangiller (./.......) zool. Gliridael
   Muscardinidae. yediveren 1. everblooming (plant). 2. (plant) that produces fruit continually over a relatively lengthy period, yedme hi prov. 1. leading (an animal). 2. towing.
yedmek lıl prov. 1. to lead (an animal). 2. to tow.
yegâh (.—) classical Turk. mus. a makam, yegâne (/—.) sole, single, only, yeğ better, preferable. — tutmak III to prefer, regard (s.o./s.t.) as better, yeğen nephew; niece.
yeğin 1. harsh, fierce, violent, severe; intense.
   2.    /a or dan/ superior to, better than, yeğinleşme 1. becoming severe/violent, harshening; intensifying, becoming intense, intensification. 2. becoming superior, yeğinleşmek 1. to become severe/violent, harshen; to intensify, become intense. 2. to become superior, yeğinlik 1. intensity. 2. strength, yeğleme hi preferring; h, a! preferring (one person/thing) to (another), yeğlemek hi to prefer; /i, at to prefer (one person/thing) to (another), yeğlenme being preferred, yeğlenmek to be preferred, yeğlik superiority.
yeğni prov. 1. light (in weight). 2. frivolous, light-minded, unserious. —yi yel alır, ağır yerinde kahr. proverb A frivolous person is always the slave of his own and other people’s whims, whereas a serious person can be his own man. yeğnilik prov. 1. lightness. 2. frivolousness, light -mindedness, lack of seriousness, yeğnilme prov. 1. becoming light, lightening.
   2.    becoming frivolous/light-minded, yeğnilmek prov. 1. to become light, lighten. 2.
   to become frivolous/light-minded, yeğniltme hi prov. 1. lightening, making (s.o./ s.t.) lighter. 2. causing (s.o.) to become frivolous/light-minded, yeğniltmek hi prov. 1. to lighten, make (s.o./
yeğniseme                                         954
    s.t.) lighter. 2. to cause (s.o.) to become friv-
    o    lous/light-minded. yeğniseme hi prov. taking (s.o./s.t.) lightly, yeğnisemek hi prov. to take (s.o./s.t.) lightly, yeğrek prov. better, preferable, yeis, -e’si despair. — e kapılmak to despair, give up hope; to be dejected, yek, -ki one. — at, yek mızrak colloq. (doing s.t.) all by o.s., all alone; singlehandedly. yekcihet, -ti (/..) obs. like-minded; of one mind, yekdiğer (/..) see yekdiğeri, yekdiğeri, -ni (/...) each other, one another, yeke naut. tiller (of a rudder), yeknesak 1. monotonous. 2. (people/things) who/which are all alike in appearance/nature.
    3.   monotonously, yeknesaklık 1. monotony. 2. uniformity, alike-ness, sameness, yekpare (.—.) 1. built of/formed of/consisting of one piece. 2. in one piece, yeksan (.—) /la/ obs. level with, one with: Onu hak ile yeksan etti. He leveled it to the ground.
yekta (.—) obs. 1. sole, only. 2. unique; unparalleled; peerless, matchless, yekten (/.) 1. suddenly. 2. at one go, in one
    go-
yekûn (.—) total amount; total; sum. — çekmek colloq. to finish speaking, yekviicut obs. united; one (with), yel 1. wind. 2. prov. wind, gas, flatus. 3. prov. rheumatic pain. — alsm! hi colloq. May (what I’ve just said) not come to pass! — gibi colloq. very swiftly, like lightning. — gibi gelen, sel gibi gider, proverb Easy come, easy go. — kayadan ne koparır? proverb A house built on firm foundations need not fear a storm. — üfürdü, sel götürdü. colloq. It seems to have vanished into thin air {said of s.t. which has disappeared suddenly/mysteriously). — e vermek hi colloq. to waste, throw (s.t.) away. — yeperek/ yepelek, yelken kürek colloq. (going somewhere) flustered and in a hurry, yeldeğirmeni, -ni (/....) windmill, yeldirme 1. /ı/ prov. causing (s.o./an animal) to rush/run. 2. /i/ prov. loosing (an animal). 3. a cloak worn by women. 4. a large fishnet made by joining several nets together, yeldirmek hi prov. 1. to cause (s.o./an animal) to rush/run. 2. to loose (an animal), yele mane (of an animal), yeleç prov., see yeleken, yelek 1. vest, Brit, waistcoat. 2. prov. wing feather, flight feather, quill, pinion (on a bird’s wing). 3. feather (of an arrow). 4. prov. one-year-old colt/camel, yeleken prov. high and windy (place), yelekleme h! feathering (an arrow), yeleklemek III to feather (an arrow), yeleli maned (animal).
yelelikoyun (../..) zool. aoudad, audad, arui, maned sheep, Ammo tragus lervia.
                                                                                                   yelve
yelelikurt (../.) prov., zool. hyena, Hyaena. yelelisirtlan (../..) zool. aardwolf, Proteles cristata.
yeleme prov. frivolous, light-minded, unserious. yelengeç (tree) the bark of which peels off annually.
yelken naut. sail, sheet (of a sailing vessel). — açmak 1. to hoist sail. 2. to set sail. — bezi sailcloth. — gemisi see yelkenli gemi, —i mayna etmek to haul down a sail, strike a sail. — i sarmak to furl a sail, —leri suya indirmek colloq. to get down off one’s high horse; to draw in one’s horns. — i toplamak see yelkeni sarmak, yelkenci 1. sailmaker. 2. naut. yardman, yelkenleme 1. setting sail. 2. slang leaving quickly, making tracks, vamoosing, yelkenlemek 1. to set sail. 2. slang to leave quickly, make tracks, vamoose, yelkenli 1. sailboat, sailing boat, sailer; sailing ship, sailer. 2. equipped with sail/sails. — gemi sailing ship, sailer. — tekne sailboat, sailing boat, sailer, yelkenlibalik (../..) zool. sailfish, Istiophorus. yelkesen windbreak.
                                                          yelkovan 1. minute hand (of a clock/a watch).
   2.     weathervane; anemoscope. 3. stovepipe cowl that turns with the wind, yelkovankuşu, -nu (../..) zool. shearwater, Puf-finus.
                                                          yelkovankuşugiller (../....) zool. Procellariidae.
yelkovar (/..) anemoscope.
yelleme hi fanning (s.o./a fire).
yellemek hi to fan (s.o./a fire).
                                                          yellenme 1. (of s.o ./a fire) being fanned. 2. prov.
   breaking wind, farting, yellenmek 1. (for s.o./a fire) to be fanned. 2.
   prov. to break wind, fart, yelli 1. windy (place). 2. prov. windy, flatulent, yellim yelalim (./ .—.) colloq. in great haste, yelloz slang slut, hussy, loose woman, yelme prov. running in a fluster, yelmek prov. to run in a fluster, yelölçer (/..) wind gauge, anemometer, yelpaze (.—.) fan (held in and moved by the hand); flabellum. — kuyruk fantail, fan -shaped tail. — pencere fanlight. — tonoz arch, fan vault, yelpazeleme (.■—...) hi finning, yelpazelemek (.—...) /if to fan. yelpazelenme (.—...) 1/being fanned. 2. fanning
   o.s.
yelpazelenmek (.— #..) 1. to be fanned. 2. to fan o.s. yelpik prov., path, asthma, yelpikli prov., path, asthmatic, yeltek prov. capricious; fickle; inconstant; flighty.
yeltenme /a/ trying to (do s.t. that is beyond one) (used disparagingly). yeltenmek /a/ to try to (do s.t. that is beyond one) (used disparagingly). yelve zool. greenfinch, Chloris chloris.
yelyapar
955
yemişlik
yelyapar (/..) mech. fan. yelyazar (/..) anemograph, yem 1. (dry) feed (for animals); fodder. 2. bait (used to lure fish, birds, etc.). 3. priming, primer (for a gun). — borusu 1. mil. bugle call signaling that the time for feeding the horses has come. 2. colloq. attractive but empty promise. — dökmek 1. to put down bait. 2. /a/ colloq. to make (s.o.) empty promises. — istemez, su istemez, colloq. It’s something which requires very little effort to maintain ./It’s something which doesn’t give one the least bit of trouble. — kestirmek to stop to feed a mount or pack animal (during a journey). — koymak see yem dökmek. — olmak /a/ to be bait for. — torbası nose bag, feed bag. yeme 1. eating. 2. food: Burçin bugüne kadar yemeden hiç kesilmemişti. Burçin’s never been off her food until now. 3. taste: Bu eriğin yemesi hoş. This plum tastes good, 'yemek 1. food. 2. meal, repast. 3. dish, particular kind of food. 4. course (of food during a meal). — borusu 1. mil. mess call, bugle call for meals. 2. anat. esophagus. — çıkarmak /a/ to give (s.o.) a meal. — kitabı cookbook, Brit, cookery book. — masası dining table. — odası dining room (in a home). — salonu (large) dining room (in a hotel/a mansion). — seçmek to be particular about one’s food; to be a picky eater. — vermek to give a dinner, have a dinner. — yemek to eat. 2yemek 1. hi to eat. 2. /i/ colloq. to spend (money); to spend (money) recklessly. 3. /i/ to corrode, eat. 4. hi (for an insect) to bite, eat (s.o.) up; (for an insect) to eat (s.t.). 5. /i/ colloq. to require, use up, consume: Bu soba çok odun yiyor. It takes a lot of wood to keep this stove going. 6. hi slang to milk someone for (his/her money), bleed someone for (his/her money). 7. hi slang to make mincemeat of (s.o.). 8. hi slang to kill, do (s.o.) in. 9. hi slang to lay, have sex with.
    10. /dan/ slang to get laid by. 11. hi slang to kiss/lick/suck (s.o.). 12. hi slang to get (a fine/a jail sentence), yemez slangy person who can’t be tricked, fox. yiyip bitirmek hi 1. to eat up every bit of (a food). 2. colloq. to spend or spend recklessly every bit of (a sum of money). 3. colloq. to use up every bit of (s.t.). 4. colloq. to drive (s.o.) to distraction, drive (s.o.) crazy. 5. colloq. to drain, wear (s.o.) down, take a lot out of (s.o.). 6. slang to milk someone for (his/her money), bleed someone for (his/her money). Yeme de yanında yat! slang 1. It’s a food which isn’t just good; it’s finger-licking good! 2. She’s not just beautiful; she’s a knockout! yemeden içmeden colloq. (divulging s.t. confidential) without losing any time, yemeden içmeden kesilmek colloq. to have no appetite, be off one’s food. Ye kürküm ye! colloq. He wouldn’t have given me the time of day if I
    hadn’t been dressed well./She wouldn’t have so much as looked at me if I hadn’t been wearing this uniform. Yediği naneye bak! colloq. Look at how he’s/she’s put his/her foot into it this time! Yemeyenin malını yerler (demine hu çekerler) (üstüne bir bardak su içerler), pro verb Don’t be miserly and deny yourself things you can afford, for you can rest assured that what you save up but don’t spend will be spent freely and enjoyed to the hilt by whoever gets it after you’ve died, yemekhane (..—-.) dining hall; mil. mess hall, yemekleme hi prov. giving (s.o.) a meal, feeding.
yemeklemek hi prov. to give (s.o.) a meal, feed, yemekli (place) which serves meals; (excursion/ event) for which meals are provided; (party) at which a meal is served. — vagon rail. dining car, diner, yemeklik 1. suitable for use in cooking: yemeklik zeytinyağı olive oil which is made especially for use in cooking. 2. set aside for use in cooking. — almak to buy groceries.
Yemen (/.) 1. the Yemen (the ancient Arabia Felix). 2. Yemen, Yemenite, Yemeni, of Yemen.
yemeni 1. a hand-printed head scarf made of a loosely woven cotton material. 2. a light, flat -heeled shoe, yemenici 1. maker/seller of hand-printed head scarves. 2. maker/seller of a light, flat-heeled type of shoe.
Yemenli (/..) 1. (a) Yemeni, (a) Yemenite. 2.
    Yemeni, Yemenite (person), yemin oath. — i basmak colloq. quickly/readily to swear (that...). — billah etmek /a/ colloq. to swear to God (that); to take an oath. — etmek 1. /a/ to swear (to do s.t.). 2. to take an oath. — etsem başım ağrımaz, colloq. I can say it with a clear conscience. — ettirmek /a/ to have (s.o.) swear an oath, administer an oath to; to swear (s.o.) in. — verdirmek /a/ colloq. to make (s.o.) swear (to do s.t.). — vermek /a/ colloq. to swear (to do s.t.).
yeminli (s.o.) who has sworn to do something; (s.o.) who is under oath. — murakıp certified public accountant, Brit, chartered accountant. — mütercim certified public translator (of documents). — tercüman certified interpreter.
yemiş 1. (a) dried fruit. 2. nut. 3. (a) fresh fruit.
    4.    prov. fig. — ağacı fruit tree. — vermek to bear fruit, yemişçi 1. producer/seller of nuts and dried fruit. 2 grower/seller of nuts. 3. grower/seller of fresh fruit. 4. prov. grower/seller of figs. yemişçil zool. fruit-eating, carpophagous, yemişlik 1. grove of trees the fruit of which is good for drying. 2. grove of nut trees. 3. grove of fruit trees. 4. prov. grove of fig
 yemleme                                            956
   trees. 5. place where (dried/fresh) fruits/nuts are stored. 6. dish in which dried fruits/nuts are placed.
yemleme 1. hi feeding (an animal) (with dry feed). 2. hi baiting (a hook/a trap); putting bait down in (a place). 3. h/ priming (a gun).
   4. hi colloq. making (s.o.) an empty promise.
   5. priming, primer (for a gun). 6. bait. 7. colloq. empty promise.
yemlemek h! 1. to feed (an animal) (with dry feed). 2. to bait (a hook/a trap); to put bait down in (a place). 3. to prime (a gun). 4. colloq. to make (s.o.) an empty promise, yemlik 1. manger, feed trough, feedbox. 2. feed bag, nose bag. 3. colloq. bribe. 4. slang person who always loses at gambling. 5. slang place where money can be gained in return for little or no work. 6. (a dry foodstuff) which is suitable for use as animal feed, yemyeşil (/..) very green.
’yen 1. cuff (of a shirt/a jacket/a coat). 2. sleeve.
   3. bot. spathe.
2yen yen (Japanese monetary unit), yenge (/.) 1. uncle’s wife, affinal aunt. 2. sister -in-law, brother’s wife. 3. used when referring informally to one’s own wife or to a friend’s wife: Yenge hanım nasıl? How’s your wife? Maalesef yengen gelemedi. Unfortunately my wife couldn’t come. 4. prov. woman who helps and attends a bride. — olmak slang 1. to give up hope. 2. to give
   up- %l
Yengeç astrol. Cancer. — dönencesi the Tropic of Cancer.
yengeç zool. crab, Brachyura. — gibi colloq. crabwise. — e “Niçin yan yan gidersin?” demişler; “Serde kabadayılık var” demiş. proverb Don’t criticize a person for his unorthodox methods if they enable him to get the job done, yengen (/.) colloq. a toasted sandwich made with sucuk, kaşarpeyniri, and tomato sauce, yengi victory.
yeni 1. new; neo-: Yeni Eflatunculuk Neoplatonism. yeni klasikçi neoclassicist. 2. recent. 3. newly; recently. Y— Ahit the New Testament (of the Bible). — baştan colloq. over again from the beginning, again. — dosttan vefa gelmez .proverb You shouldn’t depend too much on a friend whom you’ve not yet gotten to know well. — elek duyarda gerek, proverb One should treat a newly acquired thing with care. — evliler newlyweds. — gerçekçi 1. neorealist; new realist. 2. neorealistic. — gerçekçilik neorealism; new realism. — izlenimci 1. (a) neo -impressionist. 2. neo-impressionist. — izlenimcilik neo-impressionism. — sözcük/kelime neologism, new word. —den yeniye colloq. very recently. — yıl new year, New Year.
yeniay (./.) astr. new moon.
yenibahar (./..) bot. allspice, Pimenta clioica.
                                                                                               yenileşme
yenice 1. fairly new. 2. fairly recent. — eleğim, seni nerelere asayım? proverb A person always takes pains to handle a new possession with care.
yeniçağ (./.) the historical period which extends from the conquest of Constantinople (1453) up to the French Revolution (1789). yeniçeri (./..) Ott. hist. 1. the Janissary corps.
   2.    (a) Janissary, (a) Janizary, yeniçerilik (./...) Ott. hist. 1. being a Janissary.
   2. the period when the Janissary corps existed (the latter half of the fourteenth century until 1826). 3. the Janissary corps.
yeniden (/..) over again from the beginning, again. — açmak III comp, to reboot. — başlatmak hi comp, to restart. — işleme 1. recycling. 2. reprocessing.
Yenidendoğuş (/....) the Renaissance, yenidendoğuş (/....) renaissance, rebirth, revival.
Yenidünya (./.—) the New World (the Western Hemisphere), yenidünya (./.—) 1. bot. loquat, Japanese plum, Eriobotrya japonica. 2. crystal ball (hung from the ceiling as an ornament), yenidünyaaslanı, -ni (./.— ...) zool. American lion, mountain lion, cougar, puma, catamount, Felis concolor.
Yeni Gine 1. New Guinea. 2. New Guinean, of New Guinea.
Yeni Gineli 1. (a) New Guinean. 2. New Guinean (person), yenigümüş (./..) nickel silver, German silver, ’yenik 1. hole/place that has been eaten by (a moth/a worm/a mouse/acid): güve yeniği hole made by a moth (in a piece of cloth), kurt yeniği wormhole. 2. partially eaten. 3. eroded.
                                                            2yenik defeated. — düşmek to be defeated. Yeni Kaledonya New Caledonia, yenileme hi 1. replacing (s.t. old) with something new. 2. replacing (an employee who has been with one’s firm for a time) with someone new. 3. renovating, renovation, renewing, renewal, restoring, restoration. 4. renewing (a contract). 5. repeating, reiterating, yenilemek hi 1. to replace (s.t. old) with something new. 2. to replace (an employee who has been with one’s firm for a time) with someone new. 3. to renovate, renew, restore.
   4.    to renew (a contract). 5. to repeat, reiterate, yenilenme 1. being replaced with something new. 2. being replaced with someone new.
   3. being renovated, renovation, being renewed, renewal, being restored, restoration.
   4. (a contract’s) being renewed. 5. being repeated, being reiterated.
yenilenmek 1. to be replaced with something new. 2. to be replaced with someone new. 3. to be renovated, be renewed, be restored. 4. (for a contract) to be renewed. 5. to be repeated, be reiterated, yenileşme acquiring a newness/freshness.
yenileşmek
 957
 yer
yenileşmek to acquire a newness/freshness, yenileştirme 111 causing (s.t.) to acquire a newness/freshness, yenileştirmek hi to cause (s.t.) to acquire a newness/freshness. yeniletme /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) replace (s.t./ s.o.) with something/someone new. 2. having (s.o.) renovate (s.t.). 3. having (s.o.) renew (a contract). 4. having (s.o.) repeat/reiterate (s.t.).
yeniletmek /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) replace (s.t./ s.o.) with something/someone new. 2. to have (s.o.) renovate (s.t.). 3. to have (s.o.) renew (a contract). 4. to have (s.o.) repeat/reiterate (s.t.).
yenilgi defeat, —ye uğramak to suffer defeat.
    —ye uğratmak hi to defeat, yenilik 1. newness. 2. recentness, recency. 3. renewal; innovation. 4. inexperience, greenness. — korkusu psych, neophobia. — yapmak to make a change, yenilikçi 1. (person) who favors change. 2. advocate of change.
'yenilme being eaten.
2yenilme being defeated, defeat.
'yenilmek to be eaten, yenilir yutulur gibi değil colloq. 1. inedible. 2. very expensive, sky -high, exorbitant. 3. (offensive remark) to which one must object vehemently, which can’t be taken lying down; (remark) which sticks in one’s craw. 4. (s.o.) who can’t be brought to heel. 5. insufferable, unbearable (person). 6. hideously ugly (person). 2yenilmek to be defeated, yenim corrosion.
yenimaden (./—.) nickel silver, German silver, yenimönler 1. (an) anticorrosive. 2. anticorrosive.
yenirce prov., path. 1. gangrene. 2. osteoporosis.
    3. syphilis.
                                                             yenişememe being unable to defeat each other, yenişememek to be unable to defeat each other, yeniyetme (./..) 1. (an) adolescent. 2. adolescent, (s.o.) who is passing through adolescence.
yeniyetmelik (./...) adolescence.
Yeni Zelanda 1. New Zealand. 2. New Zealand, of New Zealand.
Yeni ZelandalI 1. (a) New Zealander. 2. New Zealand (person), yenli 1. (shirt/jacket/coat) which has cuffs, cuffed. 2. (garment) which has sleeves, sleeved. 3. bot. spathed.
'yenmek 1. to be eaten. 2. impersonal passive to eat. 3. to become worn/frayed. 4. to become eroded.
2yenmek hi to overcome, conquer; to beat, yepelek prov. delicately built (person), yeperek prov., see yepelek, yepyeni (/..) brand-new. yer 1. place; spot; position; location: Polonez-köy fevkalade güzel bir yer. Polonezköy is a stunningly beautiful place. Senin yerin bu-
rası. This is where you’re to be ./This is your place. Eğlence yeri değil burası; ciddi bir işyeri. This isn’t a place you come to in order to amuse yourself; it’s a place where business is transacted in a serious way. Yerimde olsaydın ne yapardın? If you’d been in my shoes what would you have done? Şakir Paşa’nm tarihteki yeri pek önemli sayılamaz. Şakir Pasha’s place in history cannot be reckoned an important one. Bu evin yeri hoşuma gidiyor. I like this house’s location. Ağrının yerini daha iyi tarif edemez misiniz? Can’t you describe more clearly where the pain is? 2. space, room: Otobüsün arka tarafında yer yok. There’s no room in the back of the bus. 3. (a) seat; (a) room: Matine için iki yer ayırttım. I’ve reserved two seats for the matinee. Lokantada dört kişilik bir yer buldum. I found a table for four in the restaurant. Bu otelde boş yer yok. This hotel has no vacant rooms. 4. place, position (of employment). 5. passage/part (of s.t. written/spoken): Söylevimin bu yeri alkışlanmaya değer, değil mi? This part of my speech merits applause, doesn’t it? 6. importance, place of importance: Bu maddenin sanayideki yeri yadsınamaz. İt can’t be denied that this material is of importance for industry. 7. mark (left by s.t.): yara yeri scar left by a wound. 8. the earth, the ground: Yere düştü. He fell to the ground. Bütün parası yerde gömülü. All of his money is buried in the ground. 9. floor: Bebek yerde emekliyor. The baby’s crawling on the floor. Yerler halı kaplıydı. The floors were covered with rugs. 10. piece of land, piece of property: Kalkan’da bir yer aldık. We bought a piece of property in Kalkan. 11. terrain, region, area. 12. the earth, the planet earth. — de instead of (preceded by a future participle): Tatlı yiyecek yerde meyve ye. Instead of eating sweet pastries, eat fruit. — açmak /a/ to make way for, move aside for (s.o.) to pass. — almak /da/ 1. to be located in, be situated in (a place): Öymen ön sırada yer alıyor. Öymen sits in the front row. 2. (for s.o.) to be involved in, have a part in (a job/a project). 3. to be in, appear in. —ini almak 1. /in/ (for one person/thing) to take the place of (another). 2. to sit down in one’s appointed place, take one’s seat. 3. to stand in one’s appointed place, take one’s place, —inden ayrılmak to leave the place where one has been sitting/standing. — e bakmak
1. to look at the ground, cast one’s eyes to the ground. 2. colloq. to have one foot in the grave. — e bakan yürek yakan colloq. (s.o.) who is malicious and dangerous despite his/her innocent looks, who is a wolf in sheep’s clothing. — i başka olmak /in/ colloq. (for s.o.) to be a very special friend, have a special place in one’s heart, be one of one’s most intimate friends: Kenan için
yer.                                          958
Semra’nın yeri başka. Semra has a very special place in Kenan’s heart. — e batmak colloq. to vanish, disappear, —ini beğenmek colloq. (for a plant) to grow well in the spot in which it’s been planted. — belirteci gram. adverb of place. —le beraber colloq. level with the ground, —ini bilmeyen, yılda bir kat urba eskitir, proverb A person who can’t decide what work he/she wants to do loses a lot of time changing jobs. — le bir etmek /if colloq. to destroy utterly, demolish, raze, level (a building, city, etc.) to the ground, —den bitme colloq. very short in stature, squat, —ini bulmak colloq. to find the right niche for o.s., find one’s niche, find one’s place. — cücesi colloq. short in stature but very capable/cunning. — e çalmak /ı/ colloq. to throw/hurl (s.t.) to the ground, —in dibine geçmek/batmak/girmek colloq. to feel very ashamed, feel like sinking through the floor or into the ground, —ini doldurmak /m/ colloq. 1. to do one’s job well. 2. to fill (s.o.’s) shoes, perform well the functions formerly carried out by (s.o. else). — etmek /da/ 1. to leave a mark on. 2. (for s.t.) to impress itself in (s.o.’s mind). —e/—lere geçmek colloq. to feel very ashamed, feel like sinking through the floor or into the ground, —ine geçmek Iml (for one person/thing) to take the place of, replace (another), —ine gelmek
1. (for an order/a wish) to be carried out/ performed/executed. 2. to come back, return, be restored, —ine getirmek III 1. to carry out/perform/execute (an order/a wish). 2. to bring (s.t.) back, restore. — göçmesi landslide. —den göğe kadar colloq. very, exceedingly, infinitely. — e göğe koyamamak hi colloq. to be perturbed as to just how one will honor (s.o.). — le gök bir olsa colloq. no matter what happens, even if the sky should fall. — hostesi woman who works at a flight check-in counter (in an airport); woman who collects the boarding cards of passengers just before they get on an airplane. —ini ısıtmak colloq. to stay in a place for a long time. — kabul etmez colloq. terrible sinner, very hardened old sinner, —lere kadar eğilmek to bow and scrape, show an excess of respect. — de kalmak colloq. not to be shown any respect. — kayması landslide, —ine koymak 1. Ill to look on (s.o.) as, regard (s.o.) as: Onu babası yerine koyuyor. She looks on him as a father. 2.
/i, m/ to put (o.s.) in (s.o.’s) place, put (o.s.) in (another’s) shoes. 3. /i, ml to install (one person) in (another’s) place, —in kulağı var. colloq. The walls have ears. — odası ground -floor room. —i olmak to be the right moment/time/place for something. —ine oturmak colloq. (for s.t.) to fit, be the right size/ shape. —inden oynama 1. colloq. coming/ getting loose. 2. colloq. moving from, stirring from, budging from, or leaving the place one
                                                                                                           yer
is in. 3. geol. dislocation, displacement, —inden oynamak 1. colloq. to come/get loose. 2. colloq. to move from, stir from, budge from, or leave the place one is in. 3. geol. to be dislocated, be displaced, —inden oynatmak hi colloq. to move (s.t.) (to another place). —i ölçmek colloq. to fall sprawling on the ground. — öpmek formerly to fall down and kiss the ground (as a gesture of respect when meeting s.o. great). — i öpmek colloq. (for s.o.) to fall to the ground, —inde saymak colloq. to make no progress, mark time, —den selam a very respectful salutation in which the hand is extended to the ground. — e sermek hi colloq. to knock (s.o.) to the ground, send (s.o.) sprawling, —ini sevmek colloq. (for a plant) to grow well in the spot in which it’s been planted.
—   sofrası meal spread out on the floor/the ground (as opposed to one spread out on a table). —i soğumadan Iml colloq. very shortly after he/she left/has left/leaves: Senin yerin soğumadan Ethem geldi. Very shortly after you departed Ethem came, —inde su mu çıktı? colloq. What on earth’s made you up and want to leave?/Why on earth did you up and leave? (when everything seemed to be going so well), —leri süpürmek colloq. (for a long skirt, etc.) to trail/drag on the ground, —lerde sürünmek colloq. to be in a sad state, be down-and-out. — tutmak 1. to take up space. 2. to reserve a place. 3. to be of importance, have an important place, —ini tutmak Iml colloq. 1. to stand in for (s.o. else). 2. (for one thing) to be able to be used in place of (another). — i var. colloq.
1. It’s fitting./It’s appropriate. 2. He/She has a reason for doing so./He/She has ground for doing so. — vermek /a/ 1. to allow (s.t.) to happen. 2. to give (s.o.) a seat. 3. to include, discuss (s.o./s.t.) (in a book, speech, thought, etc.). 4. to allow for, give a place to. — e vurmak hi colloq., see yere çalmak, —den yapma colloq. very short in stature, squat.
—   yarılıp içine girmek colloq. to vanish into thin air. — yatağı bed spread on the floor; pallet. — le yeksan etmek hi colloq., see yerle bir etmek, —inde yeller esmek colloq. to have vanished, be gone with the wind. — yer in places; here and there, —den yere colloq. from one place to another; hither and thither; from pillar to post, —den yere çalmak/vurmak 111 colloq. 1. to make (s.o.) suffer. 2. to treat (s.o.) with contempt. 3. to chew (s.o.) out (in abusive language). — yerinden oynamak colloq. (for everything) to get in a state of confusion, get topsy-turvy. —i yok. colloq. 1. It’s unfitting./It’s inappropriate. 2. He/She has no reason for doing so./He/She has no ground for doing so. — yurt colloq. place to live in, home. — i yurdu belirsiz colloq. homeless. —deki yüze basılmaz. (Yerdeki yüze
 yeraltı                                            959
   kimse basmaz.) proverb People don’t oppress a person who is humble, yeraltı, -m (.'..) 1. area beneath the surface of the ground, underground. 2. subterranean, underground; subsurface. 3. clandestine, underground: yeraltı direniş hareketi underground resistance movement. — geçidi 1. underground passageway, subway (especially one for pedestrians). 2. mining gallery. — madenciliği underground mining. — sığınağı mil. bunker. — suyu groundwater, subterranean water, subsurface water, underground water. — suyu düzeyi water table, water level, groundwater level, yerberi (/..) astr. perigee, yerbilim (/..) geology, yerbilimci (/...) geologist, yerbilimsel (/...) geological, yerçamı, -ni (/..) bot. ground pine, Ajuga cham-aepitys. yerçekimi, -ni (/...) gravity, yerçekirdeği, -ni (/....) geol. core of the earth, yerdeğiştirme (/....) 1. math, transposition. 2.
   chem. substitution, yerdeş isotope, yerdeşsel isotopic.
yerdomuzu, -nu (/...) zool. aardvark, earth pig, earth hog, Orycteropus afer. yerdomuzugiller (/.....) zool. Orycteropodidae. yerdüzler (/..) grader (machine for grading a roadbed, etc.). yeredoğrulum (./...) bot., see yerey önelim, yerel local. — seçim pol. local election. — uyuşturucu local anesthetic, local. — uyuş-turum local anesthesia, yerelleşme becoming localized, localization, yerelleşmek to become localized, yerelleştirme III localizing, localization, yerelleştirmek hi to localize, yerellik localness.
yerelması, -m (/...) bot. Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus. yereşeği, -ni (/...) zool. stag beetle, pinchbug, Lucanus cervus. yerey 1. terrain. 2. geol. formation; terrane, terrain.
yereyönelim (./...) bot. geotropism. yerfesleğeni, -ni (/....) bot. mercury, Mercu-rialis.
yerfıstığı, -ni (/...) bot. peanut, Brit, groundnut, Arachis hypogaea. yergi satire; satirical piece of writing; lampoon, yergici satirist; lampoonist, yergin despised, despicable; detestable, abominable.
yerginlik despicable or detestable act/habit;
   abomination, yerici 1. critical, faultfinding. 2. satirical; derisive. 3. disapproving, disapprobatory; condemnatory.
 yerilme 1. being run down, being criticized. 2. being satirized; being derided. 3. being disapproved; being condemned.
                                                                                             yerleşmek
 yerilmek 1. to be run down, be criticized. 2. to be satirized; to be derided. 3. to be disapproved; to be condemned, yerinde 1. apt, fitting, appropriate; apropos. 2. well-timed. 3. good, fine: Kerim’in keyfi yerinde. Kerim’s in good spirits. 4. aptly; fittingly, appropriately. 5. at the right time.
   6.    old enough to be ...: Babası yerinde bir adamla evlidir. She’s married to a man old enough to be her father. 7. the same as, like: Sezen, sen kızım yerindesin. Sezen, you’re like a daughter to me. yerindelik 1. aptness, fittingness, appropriateness. 2. well-timed nature (of s.t.). yerine Iml 1. instead of, in (s.o.’s) stead, in place of; in lieu of: Ersin’in yerine Çetin gitti. Çetin went in Ersin’s place. Bundan sonra fındık yerine çay yetiştireceğiz. From now on we’re going to raise tea instead of hazelnuts. 2. on behalf of, for (s.o.); in the name of (s.o.). yerineç (/..) geol. geosyncline. yerini feeling of sadness/regret, yerinme 1. /a/ feeling sad/sorry (about); regretting, regret. 2. feeling of sadness/regret, yerinmek /a/ to feel sad/sorry (about); to regret, yerkabuğu, -nu (/...) geol. crust of the earth, yerkati, -m (/..) ground floor, yerküre (/..) 1. the earth, the planet earth. 2.
   globe (model of the planet earth), yerlahanasi, -ni (/....) bot. rutabaga, swede, Swedish turnip, Russian turnip, Brassica napobrassica. yerleşik 1*. settled; established; sedentary, not migratory. 2. endemic, yerleşiklik 1. settledness; establishedness;
   sedentariness. 2. endemism, endemicity. yerleşilmek impersonal passive of yerleşmek, yerleşim settlement, settling (of people in a place).
 yerleşme 1. /a/ (s.t.’s) fitting in, being the right size and shape for (a place); (s.t.’s) coming to rest in; /a/ (s.t.’s) falling into (its place); /a/ (s.t.’s) getting lodged in. 2. /a/ getting established in (one’s job/a place of employment). 3. /a/ settling o.s. in (a chair, etc.); /a/ establishing o.s. comfortably (in), getting established (in) (a new home). 4. /a/ (s.o.’s) moving into, settling in (a place) (temporarily). 5. /da/ (s.o.’s) settling in (a place) (permanently). 6. /da/ getting well established in, entrenching o.s. in (a place). 7. /da/ (s.t.’s) taking root (among), catching on (among), becoming popular (among) (people), yerleşmek 1. /a/ (for s.t.) to fit in, be the right size and shape for (a place); (for s.t.) to come to rest in; /a/ (for s.t.) to fall into (its place); /a/ (for s.t.) to get lodged in. 2. /a/ to get established in (one’s job/a place of employment). 3. /a/ to settle o.s. in (a chair, etc.); /a/ to establish o.s. comfortably (in), get established (in) (a new home). 4. /a/ (for s.o.) to move into, settle in (a place) (temporarily).
 yerleştirilme
   5.  /da/ (for s.o.) to settle in (a place) (permanently). 6. /da/ to get well established in, entrench o.s. in (a place). 7. /da/ (for s.t.) to take root (among), catch on (among), become popular (among) (people).
yerleştirilme 1. /a/ (s.t.’s) being put/placed/set/ fitted in (place). 2. /a/ (s.o.’s) being placed/ put/installed in (a job/a place of employment). 3. /a/ (s.o.’s) being moved into (a place) (temporarily). 4. /da/ (s.o.’s) being settled in (a place) (permanently). 5. /da/ (s.o.’s) being made to get well established or entrenched in (a place). 6. /da/ (s.t.’s) being made to take root or catch on among (people).
yerleştirilmek 1. /a/ (for s.t.) to be put/placed/ set/fitted in (place). 2. /a/ (for s.o.) to be placed/put/installed in (a job/a place of em-. ployment). 3. /a/ (for s.o.) to be moved into (a place) (temporarily). 4. /da/ (for s.o.) to be settled in (a place) (permanently). 5. /da/ (for s.o.) to be made to get well established or entrenched in (a place). 6. /da/ (for s.t.) to be made to take root or catch on among (people).
yerleştirme 1. h, a/ putting/placing/setting/ fitting (s.t.) in (place). 2. h, a/ placing/putting/installing (s.o.) in (a job/a place of employment). 3. h, a/ having (s.o.) settle himself/herself in (a chair, etc.); getting (s.o.) comfortably established in (a new home). 4. Iı, V moving (s.o.) into (a place) (temporarily). 5. h, da/ settling (s.o.) in (a place) (permanently). 6. I\, da/ causing (s.o.) to get well established or entrenched in (a place). 7. h, da/ causing (s.t.) to take root or catch on among (people). 8. hi colloq. saying (s.t.) at just the right time. 9. h, a/ colloq. landing (s.o.) (a blow).
yerleştirmek 1. h, a/ to put/place/set/fit (s.t.) in (place). 2. h, a/ to place/put/install (s.o.) in (a job/a place of employment). 3. h, a/ to have (s.o.) settle himself/herself in (a chair, etc.); to get (s.o.) comfortably established in (a new home). 4. h, a/ to move (s.o.) into (a place) (temporarily). 5. h, da/ to settle (s.o.) in (a place) (permanently). 6. h, da/ to cause (s.o.) to get well established or entrenched in (a place). 7. /i, da/ to cause (s.t.) to take root or catch on among (people). 8. Ill colloq. to say (s.t.) at just the right time. 9. h, a/ colloq. to land (s.o.) (a blow).
yerli 1. local; indigenous, native; autochthonous; aboriginal. 2. locally produced/made, local.
   3.  domestic (as opposed to foreign): yerli malı domestic goods. 4. immovable, not portable, built-in (piece of furniture). 5. person who is a native of a place, native, local; autochthon, aborigine. — yerinde colloq. in its proper place; in place, in situ, in its original position. — yerine colloq. into its proper place. — yersiz colloq. (doing s.t.) without stopping to consider whether or not it’s ap-
960                                               yeşil
   propriate.
yermantan, -m (/...) bot. truffle, Tuber. yerme h! 1. running down, pointing out the faults of, criticizing, speaking ill of. 2. satirizing; deriding, derision. 3. disapproving, disapproval; condemning, condemnation, yermeci satirist; lampoonist, yermek hi 1. to run down, point out the faults of, criticize, speak ill of. 2. to satirize; to deride. 3. to disapprove; to condemn. Yerdiğin oğlan yer tutar, proverb The child you now find fault with may well turn out to be a respected and important person when he grows up. yermeli pejorative (word), yermerkezli (/...) geocentric, yermeşesi, -ni (/...) bot. germander, Teucrium. yermumu, -nu (/..) geol. ozokerite, ozocerite, earth wax, ader wax. yerölçüm (/..) geodesy, yerörümceği, -ni (/....) zool. bird spider, Thera-phosa. yeröte (/..) astr. apogee, yerözekçil (/...) geocentric, yerpalamudu, -nu (/....) bot. germander, Teucrium.
yerpirasasi, -ni (.'....) bot. motherwort, Leo-nurus carcliaca. yersakizi, -ni (/...) geol. bitumen, yersarsmtisi, -m (/....) earthquake, yersel 1. of the earth/ground; terrestrial. 2. local, yersıçanı, -m (.'...) zool. mole, Talpa. yersiz 1. homeless. 2. irrelevant. 3. unsuitable, inappropriate. — söz non sequitur. —- yurtsuz colloq. completely homeless, yersizlik 1. homelessness. 2. lack of space. 3. irrelevance. 4. unsuitableness, inappropriateness.
yersolucani, -ni (/....) zool. earthworm, Lum-bricus terrestris. yeryağı, -ni (/..) petroleum, crude oil. yeryuvarı, -ni (/...) see yeryuvarlağı. yeryuvarlağı, -nı (/....) the earth, the planet earth.
yeryüzü, -nü (/..) the face of the earth, the world.
                              yestehleme slang * shitting, * crapping, having a *shit, taking a *crap. yestehlemek slang to *shit, *crap, have a *shit, take a *crap. yeşerme 1. (a plant’s) leafing out. 2. greening, turning green. 3. colloq. appearing, emerging, yeşermek 1. (for a plant) to leaf out. 2. to green, turn green. 3. colloq. to appear, emerge, yeşerti green place, place full of plants in leaf, yeşertme hi 1. causing (a plant) to leaf out. 2.
   making (a place) green, yeşertmek hi 1. to cause (a pjant) to leaf out.
   2.    to make (a place) green, yeşil 1. green, green-colored. 2. green, the color green. 3. unripe, green (fruit/vegetable). 4. slang one hundred lira note. 5. slang dollar, greenback. — devrim green revolution.
yeşilağaçkakan                                    961
    —den gitmek slang (for things) to go well for someone. — ışık 1. traffic green light.
    2. colloq. green light, go-ahead. — ışık yakmak /a/ to give (s.o./s.t.) the green light, give (s.o./s.t.) the go-ahead. — kuşak greenbelt.
    Y—ler Partisi pol. the Green Party, yeşilağaçkakan (./....) zool. green woodpecker, Picus viridis.
Yeşilay (./.) the Green Crescent (Turkish temperance society), yeşilaycı (./..) colloq. 1. teetotaler, Brit, teetotaller. 2. teetotal, pertaining to teetotalism. yeşilbağa (./..) zool. tree toad, Hyla arborea. yeşilbaş (./.) zool. mallard, greenhead, Anas platyrhynchos. yeşilbaşördek (./...) zool., see yeşilbaş, yeşilbiber (./..) bot. green pepper, yeşilimsi greenish, yeşilimtırak see yeşilimsi, yeşilispinoz (./,..) zool. greenfinch, Chloris chloris.
yeşillenme 1. greening, becoming green. 2. bot. leafing out. 3. /a/ slang displaying sexual interest in, looking at (s.o.) with lustful eyes.
    4.   /a/ slang looking at (s.t.) covetously, yeşillenmek 1. to green, become green. 2. bot. to leaf out. 3. /a/ slang to display sexual interest in, look at (s.o.) with lustful eyes. 4.
    /a/ slang to look at (s.t.) covetously, yeşilli 1. (s.t.) which contains green in it. 2.
    dressed in green, yeşillik 1. greenness. 2. green place, place full of green plants. 3. greenery, verdure. 4. green vegetables, greens. 5. green grass, yeşilsazan (./..) zool. tench, Tinea tinea. yeşilsoğan (./..) bot. green onion, scallion, yeşim 1. jade. 2. jasper, yeşimtaşı, -m (./..) see yeşim, yetenek ability, capability, competence, capacity;
    talent; aptitude. — testi aptitude test, yetenekli able, capable, competent, talented; apt. yeteneklilik ability, capability, capableness, competence; talent; aptness, yeteneksiz lacking in ability, incapable, incompetent; untalented; inapt, inept, yeteneksizlik inability, incapability, incapableness, incompetence; lack of talent, inaptness, ineptness.
yeter enough, sufficient. Y—! colloq. That’s enough!/That’ll do!/That’ll suffice! —i kadar 1. enough, sufficient, adequate: Yeteri kadar şeker var. There’s enough sugar. 2. enough, sufficiently, yeterince (../.) 1. enough, sufficient, adequate.
    2.   enough, sufficiently, yeterli 1. adequate, sufficiently qualified (to do a job). 2. enough, sufficient, adequate, yeterlik 1. adequacy/fitness/competence/competency/qualification (for a job). 2. sufficiency, adequacy. — önergesi motion calling for the implementation of cloture, yeterlilik 1. adequacy, qualifiedness (to do a job). 2. sufficiency, adequacy. — duygusu
                                                                                              yetişmek
    psych, feeling of adequacy, yetersayı (./..) quorum, yetersiz 1. not sufficiently qualified (to do a job). 2. insufficient, inadequate. — beslenme malnutrition, yetersizlik 1. lack of sufficient qualifications (for a job). 2. insufficiency, inadequacy. — duygusu psych, feeling of inadequacy, yeti psych, faculty, mental power, yetiklik psych, maximum capacity, maximum ability (in any given area), yetim 1. fatherless child; orphan. 2. fatherless;
    orphan, (child) who is. an orphan, yetimhane (..—.) orphanage, yetimlik orphanhood.
yetingen content with what one has, not greedy, yetingenlik being content with what one has, lack of greed, yetinme /la/ being content with, being satisfied with.
yetinmek /la/ to be content with, be satisfied with.
yetirme prov. 1. /i/ making (s.t.) suffice. 2. hi raising (children/animals/plants). 3. /i/ making up (an amount that is lacking). 4. h, a/ increasing (s.t.) to (a specified amount), yetirmek prov. 1. /i/ to make (s.t.) suffice. 2. ht to raise (children/animals/plants). 3. hi to make up (an amount that is lacking). 4. h, a/ to increase (s.t.) to (a specified amount), yetişkin 1. mature, fully developed; adult, grown-up. 2. (an) adult, (a) grown-up. — eğitimi adult education, yetişme 1. /a/ catching, making, getting to (a place) in time; being in time for. 2. /a/ catching up with, going fast enough to join. 3. /a/ (s.t.’s) being ready/finished by (a specified time). 4. arriving in time (to help one); coming to one’s aid in time. 5. /a/ reaching, getting up to, getting as far as. 6. sufficing, being sufficient/enough. 7. (a plant’s) growing/ growth. 8. (a person’s/an animal’s) growing up, being raised. 9. being educated. 10. /a/ being able to do, managing to do (a specified amount of work). 11. /a/ being old enough to have known, having been born in time to know; living long enough to know, yetişmek 1. /a/ to catch, make, get to (a place) in time; to be in time for: Sekiz buçuk vapuruna yetişebildim! I was able to make the eight-thirty boat! 2. /a/ to catch up with, go fast enough to join. 3. /a/ (for s.t.) to be ready/finished by (a specified time). 4. to arrive in time (to help one); to come to one’s aid in time. 5. /a/ to reach, get up to, get as far as: Boyum o rafa yetişmez. I’m not tall enough to reach that shelf. Bu ip ikinci kata kadar yetişir. This rope’ll reach the second floor. 6. to suffice, be sufficient, be enough.
   7. (for a plant) to grow: Manolyalar burada iyi yetişir. Magnolias grow well here. 8. (for a person/an animal) to grow up, be raised.
   9. to be educated: Gökalp, Galatasaray’dan
yetişmiş                                             962
   yetişti. Gökalp was educated at Galatasaray.
   10. /a/ to be able to do, manage to do (a specified amount of work). 11. /a/ to be old enough to have known, have been born in time to know; to live long enough to know:
   Ne günlere yetiştik. What times have I lived to see! O büyükbabasına yetişemedi. He wasn’t born in time to know his grandfather.
   Yetiş!/Yetişin! Help! Yetişme! colloq. I hope you die! Yetişmeyesi! colloq. I hope he/she dies! Yetişemediğin köyün alt tarafında (beri yanında) yat. proverb When you find you can’t do something exactly as it should be done, don’t throw the whole thing over; just do the best you can instead, yetişmiş 1. seasoned; experienced; trained. 2.
    mature, fully developed, yetiştirici producer, raiser, yetiştirim 1. bringing up, raising (children). 2.
   raising (plants/animals). 3. training (animals), yetiştirme 1. /ı, a/ getting (s.o./s.t.) to (a place) in time. 2. /i, a/ having (one person) catch up with (another). 3. /i, a/ getting (s.t.) done/ ready in time for. 4. /i, a/ bringing (one person) to the aid of (another) in time. 5. /i, a/ making (one thing) reach (another). 6. /i/ making (s.t.) suffice. 7. /i/ raising (children/ animals/plants). 8. /i/ training (animals). 9.
   /ı/ educating. 10. /i, a/ colloq. telling (s.o.)
   (s.t. that he/she wasn’t meant to hear). 11. colloq. person who’s been trained/raised by (a specified person), protege of; protegee of.
   —      yurdu orphanage, children’s home, yetiştirmek 1. /ı, a/ to get (s.o./s.t.) to (a place) in time. 2. /i, a/ to have (one person) catch up with (another). 3. /i, a/ to get (s.t.) done/ ready in time for. 4. /i, a/ to bring (one person) to the aid of (another) in time. 5./i, a/ to make (one thing) reach (another): İpi o ağaca yetiştiremiyorum. I can’t make the rope reach that tree. 6. /i/ to make (s.t.) suffice. 7. hi to raise (children/animals/plants).
   8.  hi to train (animals). 9. hi to educate. 10.
   /i, a/ to enable (s.o.) to live long enough to know (s.o./s.t.); to enable (s.o.) to be born early enough to know (s.o./s.t.). 11. h, a/ colloq. to tell (s.o.) (s.t. that he/she wasn’t meant to hear).
yetke 1. authority, jurisdiction, dominion. 2. law guardianship, wardship, yetki 1. authority, delegated power, authorization, warrant. 2. competence, sufficiency of knowledge/judgment/skill (in a particular field). — aşımı/tecavüzü law exceeding the authority delegated to one. yetkileme hi see yetkilendirme, yetkilemek hi see yetkilendirmek, yetkilendirme 111 vesting (s.o.) with authority, yetkilendirmek hi to vest (s.o.) with authority, yetkili 1. authorized, warranted. 2. competent,
   (s.o.) who has sufficient knowledge/judgment/skill (in a particular field). — merci law competent authority.
                                                                                                  yığılma
                                                            yetkin 1. perfect, complete in every respect. 2.
   ripe, mature (fruit), yetkinleşme becoming perfect, becoming complete in every respect, yetkinleşmek to become perfect, become complete in every respect, yetkinleştirme/i/ perfecting, yetkinleştirmek hi to perfect, yetkinlik perfection.
yetkisiz 1. unauthorized, unwarranted. 2. incompetent, lacking sufficient knowledge/judgment/skill (in a particular field), yetkisizlik 1. lack of authorization. 2. incompetence, lack of sufficient knowledge/judgment/skill (in a particular field), yetmek 1. to be enough, be sufficient, suffice, do. 2. /a/ to reach (a specified age): Yaşı yüze yetti. He’s reached a hundred. Yeter artık! colloq. That’s enough!/I’ve had enough!/I’m fed up! yeter ki .... All that is needed is ...; provided that ...: Bu işin üstesinden gelebilirim, yeter ki bana huzurlu bir ortam sağlansın. I can get this job done provided that I have a quiet and peaceful atmosphere in which to do it. yetmezlik insufficiency, inadequacy, yetmiş seventy.
yetmişer seventy each, seventy apiece. — yetmişer in groups of seventy; seventy at a time.
yetmişinci 1. seventieth, (s.o./s.t.) who/which is seventieth in a countable series. 2. seventieth, in the seventieth place, yetmişlik 1. (s.t.) designed to hold seventy things. 2. (s.o.) who has reached or is past the age of seventy, septuagenarian. 3. (s.t.) worth seventy liras. 4. (s.t.) weighing seventy grams/kilos. 5. (a) septuagenarian, yevmi (.—) obs. daily, diurnal, yevmiye 1. daily wage. 2. every day. — defteri com. daybook, book in which transactions are recorded on a day-to-day basis, yevmiyeci 1. person who works by the day. 2.
   (s.o.) who works by the day.
                                                            Yezidi (.— —) 1. (a) Yezidi, (a) Yazidi. 2.
   Yezidi, of the Yezidis. yezit off. 1. devil, scamp, dickens (used of a child). 2. bastard, SOB, rat, dirty dog. 3. (child) who İs a devil/a scamp/a dickens. 4. (s.o.) who is a bastard/a SOB/a rat/a dirty dog.
yezitlik off. 1. devilish behavior, devilment. 2. behavior characteristic of a bastard/a SOB/a rat/a dirty dog. yığdırmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) heap/pile/stack (things). 2. to have (s.o.) accumulate/amass ^(things).
yığılı heaped/piled/stacked; heaped with, piled with: kitap yığılı bir masa a table piled with books.
yığılışma crowd, throng, crush, yığılma 1. being heaped, being heaped up, being piled, being piled up; being stacked, being
 yığılmak
   stacked up. 2. /a/ crowding around (in front of/before) (a place). 3. (s.o.’s) collapsing in a heap.
yığılmak 1. to be heaped, be heaped up, be piled, be piled up; to be stacked, be stacked up. 2. /a/ to crowd around (in front of/before)
   (a place). 3. (for s.o.) to collapse in a heap, yığılıp kalmak 1. colloq. (for s.o.) to collapse in a heap. 2. to be heaped up, be piled up.
yığımlama hi laying up a stock of, accumulating a supply of. yığımlamak /ı/ to lay up a stock of, accumulate a supply of. yığın 1. heap, pile; stack. 2. crowd, throng, mass, passel (of people), —la colloq. a great many; a geat deal of; a lot of, a heap of. — ruhbilimi mass psychology, yığmak 1. mil. concentration, concentrated mass (of troops/weapons). 2. place where things are piled/accumulated. 3. biol. colony, mass of microorganisms, yığmbulut, -tu (./..) meteorology stratocumulus. yığmlama hi stacking (hay or stalks of grain), yığınlamak hi to stack (hay or stalks of grain), yığınsal mass, wholesale: yığınsal iletişim mass communication, yığıntı mass; heap, pile, yığışık piled one on top of the other; massed, yığışım 1. geol. conglomerate, conglomeratic rock. 2. geol. agglomerate, agglomeratic rock. 3. chem. aggregate, yığışma crowding together; accumulating, accumulation, amassing, yığışmak to crowd together; to accumulate, amass.
yığma hi 1. heaping, heaping (things) up, piling, piling (things) up; stacking, stacking (things) up. 2. accumulating, amassing; laying up a store of.
yığmak hi 1. to heap, heap (things) up, pile, pile (things) up; to stack, stack (things) up.
   2.  to accumulate, amass; to lay up a store of.
yıkama hi 1. washing; bathing; laving; laundering. 2. phot, developing (film), yıkamaç phot, developer (chemical agent, bath, or reagent used in developing), yıkamak III 1. to wash; to bathe, Brit, bath; to lave; to launder. 2. phot, to develop (film), yıkanma 1. being washed; being bathed; being laved; being laundered. 2. phot, being developed, development (of film). 3. washing o.s.; taking a bath, bathing, yıkanmak 1. to be washed; to be bathed; to be laved; to be laundered. 2. phot, (for film) to * be developed. 3. to wash o.s.; to take a bath, bathe, Brit. bath, yıkatma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) wash, bathe, Brit. bath, lave, or launder (s.t.). 2. phot, having (s.o.) develop (film), yıkatmak h, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) wash, bathe,
   Brit, bath, lave, or launder (s.t.). 2. phot, to
 963                                             yıkma
   have (s.o.) develop (film), yıkayıcı 1. washer, person who washes. 2. phot.
   person who develops film, developer, yıkı ruin, ruined building/structure: O saray şimdi bir yıkıdır. That palace is now a ruin, yıkıcı 1. destructive, devastating; hi very detrimental to. 2. wrecker, Brit, housebreaker, person who demolishes buildings/structures (for a living), yıkıcılık 1. destructiveness. 2. wrecking, being a wrecker.
yıkık 1. demolished, destroyed. 2. ruined; dilapidated.
yıkılma 1. being demolished/wrecked; being pulled down; being destroyed, destruction; being ruined, ruin. 2. colloq. being felled; being sent sprawling, being laid flat; being toppled. 3. /a/ being tilted to (one side). 4. /a/ colloq. (the blame’s) being put on. 5. prov. (a burden’s/a cargo’s) being unloaded/removed. 6. collapsing, collapse; falling into ruin. 7. collapsing in a heap, falling to the ground. 8. colloq. losing one’s health and morale; (a person’s) being broken/ruined (by a disaster).
yıkılmak 1. to be demolished, be wrecked; to be pulled down; to be destroyed; to be ruined. 2. colloq. to be felled; to be sent sprawling, be laid flat; to be toppled. 3. /a/ to be tilted to (one side). 4. /a/ colloq. (for the blame) to be put on. 5. prov. (for a burden/a cargo) to be unloaded, be removed. 6. to collapse; to fall into ruin. 7. to collapse in a heap, fall to the ground. 8. colloq. to lose one’s health and morale; (for s.o.) to be broken/ruined (by a disaster). 9. colloq. (for s.o. one dislikes) to leave, get out, clear out. yıkıla yikila colloq. reeling/swaying wildly (as if about to fall down), yıkım 1. demolishing, wrecking; destroying, destruction; ruining, ruin. 2. disaster; catastrophe.
yıkımcı wrecker, Brit, housebreaker, person who wrecks buildings (for a living), yıkımlık damage.
yıkıntı 1. being demolished/wrecked/destroyed/ ruined. 2. ruins; ruin, ruined building/structure. — olmak /a/ colloq. to cause (s.o.) heavy losses, yıkışma 1. prov. falling/collapsing on top of each other. 2. prov. wrestling. 3. contradiction.
yıkışmak prov. 1. (for one person/thing) to fall/ collapse on top of another. 2. to wrestle, yikkm (building/structure) on the verge of collapse.
yıkma 1. hi demolishing, wrecking; pulling (s.t.) down; destroying; ruining. 2. hi colloq. felling (s.o./s.t.); sending (s.o.) sprawling, laying (s.o.) flat; toppling (s.t.) to (one side). 4. /i, a/ colloq. putting (the blame for s.t.) on. 5. hi prov. unloading, removing (a burden/a cargo).
yıkmacı
yıkmacı wrecker, Brit, housebreaker, person who wrecks buildings (for a living), yıkmak 1. /if to demolish, wreck; to pull (s.t.) down; to destroy; to ruin. 2. fif colloq. to fell (s.o./s.t.); to send (s.o.) sprawling, lay (s.o.) flat; to topple (s.t.) to (one side). 4. /\, a/ colloq. to put (the blame for s.t.) on. 5. Ill prov. to unload, remove (a burden/a cargo). 6. h! slang to win; to clean (s.o.) out (in gambling). 7. hi slang to *screw, have sex with.
yıktırılma being demolished/wrecked/pulled down/destroyed, yıktırılmak to be demolished/wrecked/pulled down/destroyed, yıktırmak h, a/ to have (s.o.) demolish/wreck/ pull down/destroy (a building/a structure), yıl year. — m eksiğini nisan getirir, nisanın eksiğini yıl getirmez, proverb If the weather is bad for crops throughout most of the year, but good in April; the farmer can still expect to have a decent hervest. On the other hand, if the weather is good for crops during most of the year, but bad in April; the farmer can’t expect to have a very good harvest. — on iki ay colloq. 1. throughout the entire year.
   2.    continuously. — uğursuzun, proverb Nowadays everything seems to be going in favor of the crooks and the undeserving, —lar yılı colloq. for years, for years on end. yılan 1. snake; serpent; viper. 2. colloq. snake iif the grass, viper, malevolent and sneaky person. 3. slang penis, tool. — m başı küçükken ezilir, proverb People or situations which are likely to become a danger or threat should be eliminated at an early stage. — çıyan snakes and their like, snakes and suchlike. — deliği snake’s burrow. — dili colloq. (s.o.) who has a malicious tongue. — gibi colloq. malevolent and sneaky (person). — gibi sokmak hi colloq. to hurt (s.o.’s) feelings deeply, wound (s.o.) deeply. — gömleği slough, skin shed by a snake. — hikâyesi colloq. problem that crops up intermittently without ever being resolved. — kavı see yılan gömleği. — kemiği colloq. misdeed/ crime the memory of which is a constant torment to the person who did it. — m kuyruğuna basmak colloq. to anger someone who is malevolent and powerful. — oynatma snake charming. — m sevmediği ot, deliğinin ağzında biter, proverb A person who’s bent on doing evil often finds himself/herself constantly plagued by people or things that he/she finds loathsome. — sokan uyumuş, aç kalan uyuyamış. proverb The gnawing pangs of hunger are harder to bear than the pain caused by a bite or wound. — sokması snakebite. —a yumuşak diye el sunma .proverb Don’t automatically assume that someone or something that looks harmless actually is harmless, yılanakbabası, -m (./....) zool. secretary bird,
964                                                yıldız
         serpent eater, Sagittarius serpentarius. yılanbalığı, -m (./...) zool. eel, Anguilla. yılanbalığıgiller (./.....) zool. Anguillidae. yılanbaşı, -m (./..) shell of a cowrie (used as a decoration on a horse’s harness), yılancık 1. small snake. 2. path, erysipelas, St.
         Anthony’s fire, yılancıl zool. sacred ibis, Threskiornis aethio-pica.
      yılankavi (...—) serpentine, winding, twisting, yılantaşı, -m (./..) geol. serpentine, yılanyastığı, -m (./...) bot. dragon arum, Dra-cunculus vulgaris.
      yılanyastığıgiller (./....) bot. Araceae.
      yılanyıldızı, -m (./...) zool. serpent star, Ophi-urida.
      yılanyıldızları, -m (./....) zool. Ophiuroidea. yılbaşı, -ni New Year’s Day, New Year’s, yılbeyıl (/..) from year to year, by year. Yıldırak astr. Canopus (a star), yıldırak prov. 1. glittering, sparkly. 2. thunderbolt; lightning, yıldıramak prov. to glitter, gleam, shine, yıldırgan 1. daunting; intimidating; (s.o./s.t.) who/which daunts/intimidates/cows. 2. (s.oJ s.t.) who/which inspires terror, yıldırı 1. daunting; intimidation; cowing. 2. terrorizing.
      yıldırılma 1. being daunted/intimidated/cowed.
         2.     being terrorized, yıldırılmak 1. to be daunted; to be intimidated;
         to be cowed. 2. to be terrorized, yıldırım thunderbolt, flash of lightning, streak of lightning, stroke of lightning; lightning.
         —   gibi colloq. very fast, like lightning, with lightning speed, quick as lightning. — savaşı blitzkrieg. — siperi lightning rod. — takla one-handed somersault, —lan üstüne çekmek colloq. to bring a lot of criticism upon
         o.s., cause a number of people to level their criticism at o.s. —la vurulmuşa dönmek colloq. to be thunderstruck.
      yıldırımkıran see yıldırımsavar, yıldırımlık see yıldırımsavar, yıldırımsavar lightning rod. yıldırma lıl 1. daunting; intimidating; cowing.
         2.     terrorizing, yıldırmak hi 1. to daunt; to intimidate; to cow.
         2.     to terrorize, yıldız 1. star. 2. colloq. (one’s) star, (one’s) fortune. 3. star performer, star. 4. asterisk, star (reference mark). 5. naut. north. 6. naut. north wind. — akmak for a shooting star to fall. — anasonu star aniseed, badian. — ina bakmak Iml colloq. to tell (s.o.’s) fortune.
         —   barışıklığı colloq. (two people’s) getting along well with each other. —ları barışmak colloq. to get along well with each other, —i dişi colloq. (s.o.) who is well liked by everybody. — ı düşkün colloq. ill-starred, unlucky. — günü astr. sidereal day. — işareti asterisk, star (reference mark). — kaymak see yıldız akmak. —ı parlamak colloq. for
yıldızbilim
965
yıpranmak
   (one’s) star to be on the rise, for (one’s) fortunes to be on the rise. —Ian saymak colloq. to be unable to sleep at night. — ı sönmek colloq. 1. to fall from favor. 2. (for a once-famous person) to become forgotten. — tabya mil. star-shaped fort. — uçmak see yıldız akmak. — yılı astr. sidereal year, yıldızbilim (./..) astrology, yildizbilimci (./...) astrologist. yıldızbilimcilik (./....) astrology, being an astrologer.
yıldızbilimsel (./...) astrological, astrologic. yıldızböceği, -ni (./...) zool. firefly, lightning bug, Lampyris. yıldızçiçeği, -ni (./...) bot. dahlia, Dahlia. yıldızkarayel (./...) naut. 1. north-northwest wind, wind blowing from the north-north-west. 2. north-northwest (a point on the compass).
yıldızlama 1. (the wind’s) beginning to blow from the north. 2. (the sky’s) becoming starry.
yıldızlamak 1. (for the wind) to begin to blow from the north. 2. (for the sky) to become starry.
yıldızlı 1. starry, starlit. 2. ornamented with stars, starred: iki yıldızlı bir general a two -star general, yıldızlıanason (../...) bot. star anise, Chinese anise, Illicium verum. yildizpoyraz (./..) naut. 1. north-northeast wind, wind blowing from the north-northeast. 2. north-northeast (a point on the compass), yıldıztaşı, -m (./..) geol. aventurine. yıldızyağmuru, -nu (./...) astr. meteoric shower, yildizyeli, -ni (./..) north wind, yıldönümü, -nü (/...) anniversary, yılgı terror.
yılgıcı 1. (a) terrorist. 2. terrorist, terroristic, yılgıcılık terrorism.
yılgın 1. daunted; intimidated; cowed. 2. terrorized; terror-stricken, terror-struck, yılgınlık 1. intimidation, fear. 2. terror, yılhalkası, -ni (/...) bot. annual ring, growth ring (of a woody plant), yılık prov. 1. crooked, bent. 2. unchaste; adulterous; (woman) who has strayed from the straight and narrow. — gözlü cross-eyed, yılış used in: yılış yılış colloq., see yılışık yılışık.
yılışık 1. (s.o.) who’s given to grinning unctuously. 2. unctuous, Brit, smarmy. — yılışık colloq. (grinning) unctuously, Brit, smarmily. yılışıklık unctuousness, Brit, smarminess, yılışkan see yılışık, yılışkanlık see yılışıklık, yılışma 1. grinning unctuously. 2. behaving unctuously.
yılışmak 1. to grin unctuously. 2. to behave unctuously.
yılkı 1. herd of horses/donkeys turned loose to range at will. 2. horse/donkey turned loose to range at will.
yılkılık 1. horse/donkey turned loose to range at will. 2. (horse/donkey) which is to be turned loose to range at will, yıllama prov. 1. /da/ remaining in (a place) for a long time; remaining in (a place) for years on end. 2. becoming a year old. yıllamak prov. 1. /da/ to remain in (a place) for a long time; to remain in (a place) for years on end. 2. to become a year old. yıllandırma /ı/ aging (wine), yıllandırmak /ı/ to age (wine), yıllanma 1. (s.t.’s) aging, growing old. 2. /da/ remaining in (a place) for a long time; remaining in (a place) for years on end. 3. becoming a year old. yıllanmak 1. (for s.t.) to age, grow old. 2. /da/ to remain in (a place) for a long time; to remain in (a place) for years on end. 3. to become a year old. yıllanmış 1. aged (wine). 2. old (thing), yıllatma /ı/ aging (s.t.). yıllatmak N to age (s.t.). yıllık 1. yearbook, annual. 2. yearly salary; salary which is guaranteed to someone for one year; yearly rent; yearly fee; amount paid out yearly. 3. (person/animal/thing) who/ which is (so many) years old: seksen yıllık bir ayyaş an eighty-year-old sot. yüz yıllık bir ağaç a hundred-year-old tree. 4. one-year -old, year-old (person/animal/thing). 5. (so many) years’: kırk yıllık emeğin mükâfatı the reward for forty years’ labor. 6. yearly, annual. 7. for one year; on a yearly basis, yıllığına 1. for a year. 2. for (so many) years, yıllıkçı 1. person who has a salary guaranteed to him/her for one year. 2. person who’s paid his/her entire year’s salary in one lump sum.
   3.     (person) who has a salary guaranteed to him/her for one year. 4. (person) who’s paid his/her entire year’s salary in one lump sum. yıllıklı 1. (person) who gets a yearly salary. 2. (job) which has a yearly salary attached to it. 3. person who has a salary guaranteed to him/her for one year. 4. person who’s paid his/her entire year’s salary in one lump sum. yılma /dan/ being daunted by; being intimidated by.
yılmak /dan/ to be daunted by; to be intimidated by.
yılmaz dauntless, yıprak prov. worn-out. yiprama prov., see yıpranma, yipramak prov., see yıpranmak, yıpranma 1. (s.t.’s) getting worn-out, wearing out. 2. (s.o.’s) losing much of his/her vigor/ energy; becoming bumed-out/wom-out/spent.
   3. (s.t.’s) losing much of its force/influence/ authority.
yıpranmak 1. (for s.t.) to get worn-out, wear out. 2. (for s.o.) to lose much of his/her vigor/energy; to become burned-out/worn -out/spent. 3. (for s.t.) to lose much of its force/influence/authority.
 yıpratma                                        966
yıpratma lıl 1. wearing (s.t.) out, eroding. 2. causing (s.o.) to lose much of his/her vigor/ energy; burning (s.o.) out, wearing (s.o.) out. yıpratmak lıl 1. to wear (s.t.) out, erode. 2. to cause (s.o.) to lose much of his/her vigor/ energy; to burn (s.o.) out, wear (s.o.) out. yır prov. song.
yırık prov. cleft, cloven; split. — dudak harelip, yırılma prov. splitting slightly, yinlmak prov. to split slightly, yırlama prov. singing, yırlamak prov. to sing, yirma III prov. splitting (s.t.) slightly, yirmak hi prov. to split (s.t.) slightly, yırtıcı 1. predatory, predacious (animal). 2. colloq. bloodthirsty, murderous (person). 3. colloq. very truculent and quick-tempered. — hayvan predatory animal, predator, beast of prey. — kuş predatory bird, predator, bird of prey. — kuşun ömrü az olur, proverb (A bird of prey has a short life.) A person who lives by violence dies by violence, yırtıcılar zool. Accipitridae. yırtıcılık 1. predacity, predatoriness, predaciousness. 2. colloq. bloodthirstiness, murderousness. 3. colloq. excessive truculence and quickness of temper, yırtık 1. torn, rent, ripped. 2. colloq. shameless, brazenfaced, brazen. 3. tear, rent, rip. — pırtık colloq. full of tears, full of rips, very toto.
yırtılma 1. being torn/rent/ripped. 2. (of a part of one’s body) being torn/lacerated. 3. prov.
    (a colt’s) being broken in. 4. /da/ colloq. learning the ins and outs of (s.t.); learning the tricks of the trade. 5. colloq. overcoming one’s shyness, ridding o.s. of one’s shyness, yırtılmak 1. to be torn, be rent, be ripped. 2.
   (for a part of one’s body) to be torn, be lacerated. 3. prov. (for a colt) to be broken in. 4. /da/ colloq. (for s.o.) to learn the ins and outs of (s.t.); to learn the tricks of the trade. 5. colloq. to overcome one’s shyness, • rid o.s. of one’s shyness. 6. Ill slang to fork over, cough up (money), yırtmma 1. wearing o.s. to a frazzle, running
    o.s. ragged, running o.s. into the ground. 2. shouting at the top of one’s voice, yırtınmak 1. to wear o.s. to a frazzle, run o.s. ragged, run o.s. into the ground. 2. to shout at the top of one’s voice, yırtma 1. Ill tearing, rending, ripping. 2. hi tearing, lacerating (a part of one’s body). 3. hi prov. breaking in (a colt). 4. slang beating it, getting lost, going. 5. slang doing it, succeeding; landing on one’s feet, coming out smiling; pulling something off. yırtmaç slit/vent (in a garment), yırtmaçlı (garment) which has a slit/a vent in it, slitted, vented, yırtmak 1. hi to tear, rend, rip. 2. hi to tear, lacerate (a part of one’s body). 3. Ill prov. to break in (a colt). 4. slang to beat it, get lost,
                                                                                                          yisa
   go. 5. slang to do it, succeed; to land on one’s feet, come out smiling; to pull something off.
                                                             yırttırma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) tear/rend/rip (s.t.). 2. prov. having (s.o.) break in (a colt), yırttırmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) tear/rend/rip (s.t.). 2. prov. to have (s.o.) break in (a colt), yısa (/.) naut. 1. Hoist away! 2. Heave!/Heave ho! — beraber! 1. Hoist together! 2. Heave together! — boca! Come on, pull! — etmek III 1. to hoist. 2. to heave in (a rope). — yısa prov. at the very most, yiğit 1. young man; dashing young fellow, young buck, young blood. 2. brave and manly young fellow. 3. brave, stouthearted.
   —   arkasından vurulmaz, proverb If you call yourself a man, you don’t stab your enemies in the back; you meet them face to face. — bin yaşar, fırsat bir düşer, proverb A young man can usually expect to have only one very good opportunity come his way in life, —in malı meydandadır, proverb A generous man’s possessions are at the disposal of everyone. — meydanda belli olur. proverb It’s deeds, not words, that count, —in sözü, demirin kertiği, proverb He who calls himself a man never goes back on his word.
yiğitlendirme hi inspiring (s.o.) with courage, yiğitlendirmek hi to inspire (s.o.) with courage, yiğitlenme becoming inspired with courage, yiğitlenmek to become inspired with courage, yiğitleşme becoming brave, yiğitleşmek to become brave, yiğitlik bravery, stoutheartedness; act of bravery.
   —   bende/sende kalsın, colloq. I/You don’t want to be accused of having been the one who acted ungenerously.
yilbik prov. epilepsy.
yine 1. again, once again, once more. 2. still, nevertheless, even so. — de but still; but in spite of this/that, yineleme 111 repeating, repetition, yinelemek hi to repeat, yinelemeli repeated; reiterated, yinelenme being repeated, yinelenmek to be repeated, yirmi twenty. — yaş dişi anat. wisdom tooth, yirmilik 1. twenty-lira note, note worth twenty liras. 2. coin worth twenty liras/kuruş/paras.
   3.  something worth twenty liras/kuruş/paras.
   4.  something designed to hold twenty things.
   5.  person in his/her twenties. 6. (s.t.) worth twenty liras/kuruş/paras. 7. (s.t.) designed to hold twenty things. 8. (s.o.) in his/her twenties.
yirminci twentieth.
                                                             yirmişer twenty each, twenty apiece. — yirmişer in groups of twenty; twenty at a time, yirmişerlik (things) each of which contains twenty items: yirmişerlik sigara paketleri packets containing twenty cigarettes each, yisa (/.) naut., see yısa.
 yitik                                               967
yitik lost; missing; vanished.
yitim loss; disappearance; vanishing.
yitirilme being lost.
yitirilmek to be lost.
yitirim loss, losing.
yitirme 111 losing.
yitirmek h/ to lose.
yitme being lost; being missing; disappearing, disappearance; vanishing, yitmek to be lost; to be missing; to disappear; to vanish.
yiv 1. groove; chamfer. 2. screw thread, thread.
    3.    arch, flute (on a column), yivaçar (/..) mech. threader (for cutting a screw thread).
yivli 1. grooved; chamfered. 2. threaded, (s.t.) which has a screw thread cut on it. 3. arch. fluted (column), yiyecek 1. (a) food, something to eat, (an) edible, (a) comestible. 2. edible, fit to eat, comestible.
yiyici 1. (animal) which feeds on (a specified food): ot yiyici herbivorous. 2. (s.o.) who takes bribes. 3. taker of bribes, bribee. 4. slang gigolo, yiyicilik 1. (an animal’s) feeding on (a specified food): ot yiyiciliği herbivorousness. 2. taking of bribes, yiyim eating. — yeri etmek/yapmak 111 colloq.
    to exploit, mulct, milk (a person/a place), yiyimli tasty, delicious, yiyinti something to eat; things to eat, food, yo (—) no (a negative reply). yobaz 1. religious fanatic. 2. fanatic; bigot. 3.
   (a) diehard; (a) fogy, (a) mossback. 4. fanatical in matters of religion. 5. fanatical. 6. die-hard; fogyish, moss-backed, yobazlaşma 1. becoming fanatical; becoming bigoted. 2. turning into a diehard/a fogy/a mossback.
yobazlaşmak 1. to become fanatical; to become bigoted. 2. to turn into a diehard/a fogy/a mossback.
yobazlık 1. fanaticism; bigotry. 2. die-hardism;
    fogy ism. yoga (/.) yoga, yogi (/.) yogi, yogin (/.) yogin.
yoğalma ceasing to exist; disappearing, disappearance.
yoğalmak to cease to exist; to disappear, yoğaltılma being consumed, being used up. yoğaltılmak to be consumed, be used up. yoğaltım consumption, yoğaltma hi consuming, using up. yoğaltmak hi to consume, use up. yoğrulma 1. being kneaded. 2. (a metal container’s) getting dented. 3. (a person’s) being molded (by experience/s.o. else), yoğrulmak 1. to be kneaded. 2. (for a metal container) to get dented. 3. (for s.o.) to be molded (by experience/s.o. else), yoğrum psych, upbringing, training.
                                                                                                          yok
yoğun 1. dense, thick. 2. concentrated* intense, intensive. — bakım med. intensive care. — bakım servisi med. intensive care unit. — incelene kadar ince üzülür, proverb The rich/the strong can weather a difficulty much more easily than the poor/the weak can. — nüfuslu densely populated, yoğunlaç elec. condenser, yoğunlam phys. condensation, yoğunlaşma 1. becoming dense, densening, becoming thick, thickening. 2. becoming intense, intensifying, intensification; increasing, stepping up. 3.phys., chem. condensation, yoğunlaşmak 1. to become dense, densen, become thick, thicken. 2. to become intense, intensify; to increase, step up. 3. phys., chem. to condense, undergo condensation, yoğunlaştırma 111 1. making (s.t.) dense, densening, making (s.t.) thick, thickening. 2. making (s.t.) intense, intensifying; increasing, stepping up. 3. phys., chem. condensing, condensation, subjecting (s.t.) to condensation, yoğunlaştırmak /i/ 1. to make (s.t.) dense, densen, make (s.t.) thick, thicken. 2. to make (s.t.) intense, intensify; to increase, step up. 3. phys., chem. to condense, subject (s.t.) to condensation, yoğunluk 1. density, thickness. 2. intensity, yoğunlukölçer (../..) densitometer; densimeter, yoğunlukölçüm (../..) densitometry, yoğurma 111 1. kneading. 2. molding (s.o.). yoğurmak 111 1. to knead. 2. to mold (s.o.). yoğurt yogurt, yoghurt, yoghourt. — çalmak to mix yogurt culture with lukewarm milk (in order to make yogurt). — um ekşidir diyen olmaz, proverb, see Kimse yoğurdum ekşi demez. —u üfleyerek yemek colloq. to be unnecessarily cautious because of a previous mistake or bad experience, yoğurtçu maker/seller of yogurt, yoğurtçuluk making/selling of yogurt, yoğurtlu 1. prepared with yogurt. 2. served with yogurt; topped with yogurt, yoğurtma /i, al 1. having (s.o.) knead (s.t.). 2.
   having (s.o.) mold (s.o.). yoğurtmak /ı, al 1. to have (s.o.) knead (s.t.).
   2.     to have (s.o.‘) mold (s.o.). yoğurtotu, -nu (./..) bot. 1. bedstraw, Galium.
   2. yellow bedstraw, lady’s bedstraw, yellow cleavers, Galium verum.
yoğuşma 1. becoming dense, densening, becoming thick, thickening. 2. becoming intense, intensifying; increasing, stepping up. yoğuşmak 1. to become dense, densen, become thick, thicken. 2. to become intense, intensify; to increase, step up. yok, -ku/-ğu 1. not existing, nonexistent. 2. not present, absent; not at hand, not available.
   3. used to indicate a refusal to participate in s.t.: Siz onu yapacak olursanız ben yokum. If you’re going to do that I’m not coming with you. O işte ben yoktum. I had nothing to do with that matter. 4. no (a
yokçıı
968
yoksulluk
   negative reply). 5. but if not Smavi kazandın, ne güzel; yok kazanamadın, bir daha denersin. If you pass the test, that’ll be great; but if you fail it, then you’ll just take it another time. 6. used sarcastically at the beginning of each of several successive clauses: Yok hava kötüymüş, yok zamanı değilmiş, kısacası bu işe yanaşmayacağı belliydi. If it wasn’t that the weather was bad, then it was the fact that the time wasn’t ripe; in short, it was clear that he wasn’t going to get around to doing this job. 7. used for emphasis at the beginning of a statement: Yok, iyi adam vesselam. He’s a good fellow, and that’s all there is to it. —tan 1. from nothing. 2. for no reason. — una colloq. very cheaply. — büyümez, arık büyür, proverb Of course nothing can be produced from nothing, but great things can spring up from insignificant beginnings. — canım! colloq. 1.1 wouldn’t think/dream of it! 2. You can’t be serious!/You’re paving me on! 3. That’s not the case./You’ve misunderstood. — devenin başı! colloq. You’re pulling my leg!/ You’re feeding me a line! — etmek /ı/ to do away with (s.o./s.t.) completely, get rid of (s.o./s.t.) completely. — oğlu yok. colloq. None of these people/things are here!/Not one of them is to be found! — olmak to disappear; to vanish. — pahasına colloq. very cheaply, for nothing, for a song. — satmak colloq. (for a merchant) to have nothing left to sell, —/—tan yere for no reason at all. — yok. 1 . proverb Don’t suppose that something cannot be found or cannot happen, because it can. 2. colloq. No! No! —tan yonga çıkmaz, proverb Don’t look for something where it’s not to be found, yokçu phil. 1. (a) nihilist. 2. nihilist, nihilistic, yokçuluk phil. nihilism.
yoklama 1. /ı/ feeling/examining/inspecting (s.t.) with one’s fingers. 2. /i/ searching; inspecting. 3. h! looking in on (s.o.) (in order to see whether or not all is well). 4. hi sounding (s.o.) out. 5. hi visiting (s.o.). 6. recurring, recurrence, reappearing, reappearance (of an illness/a pain); III (a pain’s) affecting/hitting (s.o.) again. 7. roll call. 8. quiz (given by a teacher to his/her students), yoklamak 1. hi to feel/examine/inspect (s.t.) with one’s fingers. 2. hi to search; to inspect.
   3.     hi to look in on (s.o.) (in order to see whether or not all is well). 4. hi to sound (s.o.) out. 5. hi to visit (s.o.). 6. (for an illness/a pain) to recur, reappear; hi (for a pain) to affect/hit (s.o.) again: Bu bel ağrıları gene beni yokladı. These pains in my back have started up again, yoklanma 1. being felt/examined/inspected with the fingers. 2. being searched; being inspected. 3. (s.o.’s) being looked in on (in order to see whether or not all is well). 4. (s.o.’s) being sounded out. 5. (s.o.’s) being
   visited.
yoklanmak 1. to be felt/examined/inspected with the fingers. 2. to be searched; to be inspected. 3. (for s.o.) to be looked in on (in order to see whether or not all is well). 4. (for s.o.) to be sounded out. 5. (for s.o.) to be visited.
yoklaştırmak hi prov. to try to get some information out of (s.o.) without making him/her aware that he’s/she’s being interrogated, yoklatma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) feel/examine/ inspect (s.t.) with his/her fingers. 2. having (s.o.) search/inspect (s.o./s.t.). 3. having (one person) look in on (another) (in order to see whether or not all is well). 4. having (one person) sound out (another). 5. having (one person) visit (another), yoklatmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) feel/examine/ inspect (s.t.) with his/her fingers. 2. to have (s.o.) search/inspect (s.o./s.t.). 3. to have (one person) look in on (another) (in order to see whether or not all is well). 4. to have (one person) sound out (another). 5. to have (one person) visit (another), yokluk 1. nonexistence. 2. absence. 3. poverty.
   4.    scarcity, shortage, yoksa (.'.) 1. or ...? (used in a question): Şaka mı söylüyorsun, yoksa gerçekten gücendin mi? Are you joking, or have you really taken offense? Bunu yapmak istemiyorum. Yoksa yapsam mı? Ne dersin? I don’t want to do this. Or should I? What do you think? Meriç mi, yoksa Nimet mi, hangisi yaptı? Was it Meriç, or was it Nimet? Which one did it? Gidecek mi, yoksa gitmeyecek mi? Is he going to go, or isn’t he? 2. otherwise, or else, if not: Daha hızlı çalış, yoksa patron seni kapı dışarı eder. Work faster or else the boss’ll give you the sack. 3. not ... (used with değil): Böyle bir meselede insan hislerine göre hareket etmeli, yoksa akima göre değil. In a matter like this one should act according to the dictates of one’s feelings, not one’s reason. 4. All that’s needed is ...: Her şey hazır, paramız olsun yoksa. Everything’s ready; all we need is some money, yoksama hi denying, denial, rejecting, rejection, yoksamak hi to deny, reject, yoksayıcı phil. 1. (a) nihilist. 2. nihilist, nihilistic.
yoksayıcılık phil. nihilism, yoksul poor, destitute, impoverished. — âlâ ata binse, selam almaz, proverb If a poor man suddenly obtains some wealth, he soon makes himself unpopular with his old friends by high-hatting them, yoksullaşma getting poor, becoming impoverished.
yoksullaşmak to get poor, become impoverished.
yoksullaştırma III impoverishing, yoksullaştırmak III to impoverish, yoksulluk poverty, destitution, impoverishment.
 yoksun                                           969
yoksun /dan/ deprived (of). — bırakmak/et-mek /ı, dan/ to deprive (s.o.) of (s.t.). — kalmak/olmak /dan/ to be deprived of. yoksunluk deprivation, yoksunma /dan/ being deprived of. yoksunmak /dan/ to be deprived of. yoksuz prov. poor, destitute, impoverished, yoksuzluk prov. poverty, destitution, impoverishment.
yokumsama hi 1. denying the existence of (s.t. which actually exists). 2. denying, denial, rejecting, rejection, yokumsamak 111 1. to deny the existence of (s.t.
    which actually exists). 2. to deny, reject, yokuş upward slope; hill; rise. — aşağı downhill. —a koşmak hi colloq. to put (s.o.) to a great deal of trouble, —a sarmak colloq. (for a road) to begin to go/run uphill, (işi) —a sürmek colloq., see işi yokuşa sürmek. — yukarı uphill, yokuşçu sports cross-country runner who runs uphill well.
yol 1. road; path; way; passage; course; route; channel; conduit. 2. naut. rate of speed, speed (of a ship). 3. style; manner. 4. way of behaving. 5. method, system. 6. means, way; solution. 7. purpose, end (used in either the locative or the dative): Bu yolda çok emek harcadık. We’ve expended a lot of effort on this. Vatan yoluna savaştılar. They fought for the sake of the fatherland. 8. stripe (in cloth). 9. prov. time: Bir yol bize geldi. He came to see us once, —unda 1. for the sake of. 2. in good order, going as it should, going well, fine. 3. in the style of, in the manner of. — uyla 1. by way of, via. 2. by means of, by, through. 3. in a suitable manner. — açmak /a/ to pave the way for. —unuz açık olsun! Have a good trip!/Bon voyage! — ağzı mouth of a road, junction. — almak to proceed, move forward. — u almak to reach the end of one’s journey. — aramak to look for a way (to solve a problem). — ayrımı fork in a road. — azığı food for a journey.
    —una bakmak 1. Iml colloq. to await the arrival of, expect (s.o. who’s traveling a long way). 2. slang to think of what will benefit
    0.s., look after number one. —unu beklemek Iml colloq. to await the arrival of, expect (s.o. who’s traveling a long way). — bilen kervana katılmaz, proverb A person who is sure of himself/herself can go his/her own way, independent of the herd. — boyunca
    1.    throughout the journey; all the way: Yol boyunca durmadan konuştu. He talked incessantly all the way. 2. beside the road, along the road, —unu bulmak 1ml colloq. to find the way to do (s.t.), find the way to get (s.t.) done, —a çıkarmak hi colloq. to see (s.o.) off (on a journey), —a çıkmak to set off (on a journey), (aynı/bir) —a çıkmak colloq. (for one thing) to lead to the same result (as another), —dan çıkmak 1. (for a
                                                                                                              yol
train) to be derailed; (for a car, etc.) to go off the road. 2. colloq. (for s.o.) to go astray, depart from the straight and narrow. — una çıkmak Iml colloq. 1. to meet (s.o./s.t.) by chance. 2. to go to meet (a traveler), —a düşmek colloq. to set off (on a journey), —lara düşmek colloq. to go out and wander far and near/wide (in search of s.o./s.t.).
—u düşmek colloq. 1. /a/ to happen on, chance on, happen to pass (a place). 2. ImJ (for the right moment for s.t.) to be at hand. (...) —una düşmek colloq. to set out for (a place), —a düzülmek colloq. to set off (on a journey). — erkân the right way to do (s.t.). — erkân bilmek to know how to behave properly. — etmek hi colloq. to go to (a place) very often. — evladı person admitted to a dervish order, —a gelmek colloq. to come round (to another’s point of view); to see reason; to straighten up and do as one is supposed to do. —a getirmek hi colloq. to bring (s.o.) round (to another’s point of view); to make (s.o.) see reason; to make (s.o.) straighten up and do as he’s/she’s supposed to do. —una girmek (for s.t.) to begin to go well, —a gitmek to set off (on a journey). —dan giden yorulmaz .proverb Work goes easily if it is done the right way. — görünmek /a/ colloq. to sense that the time has come for (one) to pack up one’s traps and leave. — göstermek /a/ 1. to show (s.o.) how to get to a place. 2. colloq. to show (s.o.) how to solve something. 3. to guide (s.o.). — halısı runner (rug used to carpet a hall/a staircase). — harcı travel allowance.
—   ile giden yorulmaz, proverb, see Yoldan giden yorulmaz. — iz bilmek colloq. to know how to behave o.s. properly, —dan kal, yoldaştan kalma, proverb It’s better to postpone a journey than to make it without a trusted and congenial companion, —dan/
—undan kalmak colloq. to be prevented from setting out on a journey, —larda kalmak colloq. to be delayed on the road. — u kapamak to block the road. —unu kaybetmek to lose one’s way. — kesmek naut. to slow down, reduce speed, —unu kesmek Iml 1. to stop, waylay (s.o.). 2. to waylay (s.o.) (in order to rob him/her), —una koymak hi colloq. to set/put (a matter) to rights, —a koyulmak to set off (on a journey). — parası 1. travel allowance. 2. road tax, tax which goes towards the upkeep of roads, —a revan olmak to set off (on a journey), —unu sapıtmak colloq. (for s.o.) to go astray, depart from the straight and narrow.
—   sormakla bulunur, proverb You learn how to do something properly by asking those who know how to do it. —unu şaşırmak 1. to take a/the wrong turning, take the wrong road. 2. not to know which road to take. 3. colloq. to go astray, depart from the straight and narrow. — şaşmak obs. for a
yolak                                               970
   road to fork/branch. — tepmek colloq. to walk a long way. (...) — tutmak colloq. to begin to live in (a certain) way; to live in (a certain) way. — u tutmak (for police, etc.) to take control of a road; to blockade a road at various points. — üstü/uğrağı colloq. 1. place which lies on one’s road. 2. place which is on a main road. 3. (place) which lies on one’s road. 4. (place) which is on a main road. — vermek /a/ 1. to let (s.o./s.t.) pass; to make way for. 2. colloq. to fire, give (s.o.) the sack. 3. prov. to cause (one’s horse) to speed up. — vurmak obs. to waylay (s.o.)
   (in order to rob him/her), —a vurmak III colloq. to see (s.o.) off (on a journey). — yakınken colloq. while there’s still time, before it’s too late. — unu yapmak /ml colloq. to lay the groundwork for the success of (s.t.). — yol striped (cloth). — yordam the right way to do (s.t.). — yordam bilmek to know how to behave properly. — yürümek to walk. — yürümekle, borç ödemekle tükenir. proverb With perseverance anything can get done, yolak prov. path.
yolcu 1. traveler; passenger. 2. colloq. baby whose birth is imminent. 3. colloq. sick person who is at death’s door. — etmek hi to see (a traveler) off. — gemisi passenger ship/ liner. — salonu passenger lounge, passenger waiting room. — yolunda gerek! proverb If you’ve got to make a journey, don’t put it off; get on the road as soon as you can. yolculuk journey, trip; voyage. — ta during a/ the journey, while traveling. — etmek to travel.
3'oldaş 1. traveling companion. 2. companion, friend. 3. confrere. 4. Communist, comrade, fellow traveler. 5. astr. companion star, companion.
yoldurma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) pluck (a chicken, etc.). 2. having (one person) pull/tear out (another’s hair). 3. having (s.o.) pull up (a plant) by the roots. 4. slang having (one person) milk/bleed/mulct (another) (of his/ her money), yoldurmak /ı, a/1. to have (s.o.) pluck (a chick-. en, etc.). 2. to have (one person) pull/tear out (another’s hair). 3. to have (s.o.) pull up (a plant) by the roots. 4. slang to have (one person) milk/bleed/mulct (another) (of his/ her money), yoldüzer (/..) bulldozer, yolgeçen used in: yolgeçen ham colloq. place where many people are always coming and going, yollama hi sending, yollamak h! to send.
yollanma 1. being sent. 2. /a/ setting off (for).
   3.     (a vehicle’s) picking up speed, yollanmak 1. to be sent. 2. /a/ to set off (for).
   3.     (for a vehicle) to pick up speed, yollu 1. (place) which has roads. 2. stripped
                                                                                                    yonma
                                                                (cloth). 3. fast (vehicle, especially a ship).
    4. done or carried out properly. 5. (s.t.) by way of, in the nature of: öğüt yollu bir söz something said by way of advice. 6. slang (woman) of easy virtue, loose. — yolsuz işler colloq. unlawful activity, monkey business. — yolunca colloq. properly, according to Hoyle.
                                                            yolluk 1. food for a journey, provisions, victuals.
    2.    runner (rug used to carpet a hall/a staircase). 3. travel allowance. 4. present given to a departing traveler. 5. (s.t.) suitable for use as a runner, yolma 111 1. plucking (a chicken, etc.). 2. (s.o.’s) pulling/tearing out (his/her hair). 3. pulling up (a plant) by the roots. 4. slang milking/ bleeding/mulcting (s.o.) (of his/her money), yolmak III 1. to pluck (a chicken, etc.). 2. (for s.o.) to pull/tear out (his/her hair). 3. to pull up (a plant) by the roots. 4. slang to milk/ bleed/mulct (s.o.) (of his/her money), yolsuz 1. (place) which has no roads, roadless.
    2. stripeless, unstriped (cloth). 3. slow (vehicle, especially a ship). 4. improper; disreputable; illegal, unlawful. 5. slang (woman) of easy virtue, loose. 6. (s.o.) whom a professional organization has temporarily forbidden to engage in his/her profession/work. 7. slang penniless, flat broke. — yöntemsiz not done according to the rules, not done in the proper way.
yolsuzluk 1. lack of roads. 2. impropriety; unlawfulness; unlawful action; misuse of authority. 3. slang pennilessness, being flat broke.
yoluk plucked (chicken, etc.). yolunma 1. tearing one’s hair with grief; being distraught with grief. 2. (of a chicken, etc.) being plucked. 3. (of one’s hair) being pulled/ torn out. 4. (a plant’s) being pulled up by the roots. 5. slang (a person’s) being milked/ bled/mulcted (of his/her money), yolunmak 1. to tear one’s hair with grief; to be distraught with grief. 2. (for a chicken, etc.) to be plucked. 3. (for one’s hair) to be pulled/ torn out. 4. (for a plaât) "Co be pulled up by the roots. 5. slang (for s.o.) tç. be‘milkedJ bled/mulcted (of his/her money), yoluntu 1. clippings (of hair that has been cut).
    2. plucked chicken, etc. 3. plucked (chicken, etc.).
yom prov. good luck. — tutmak hi to regard (s.o./s.t.) as lucky, yomsuz prov. unlucky; inauspicious, yonca bot. clover, trefoil, Trifolium. yoncalık field of clover, yoncayaprağı, -ni (./...) cloverleaf, cloverleaf intersection (in a highway), yonda down (the soft underplumage of birds), yonga 1. chip/shaving (of wood). 2. comp. chip, yongacik comp, microchip, yongar mus. a three-stringed bağlama, yonma III prov., see yontma.
 yonmak                                          971
yonmak hi prov., see yontmak, yont, -tu prov. unbroken mare in a herd of freely roaming horses, yontkuşu, -nu (/..) zool. yellow wagtail, Mota-cilla flava.
yontma 1. hi shaping (s.t.) by cutting it; chiseling; hewing; whittling; dressing (stone); sculpting, sculpturing. 2. pointing/sharpening (s.t.) (by whittling/dressing it). 3. colloq. chiseling (s.o.) out of his/her money little by little so as not to arouse the victim’s suspicions. 4. chiseled; hewn; whittled; dressed (stone).
yontmak hi 1. to shape (s.t.) by cutting it; to chisel; to hew; to whittle; to dress (stone); to sculpt, sculpture. 2. to point/sharpen (s.t.)
                             (by whittling/dressing it). 3. colloq. to chisel (s.o.) out of his/her money little by little so as not to arouse the victim’s suspicions. Yontmataş Devri, -ni (./.) the Paleolithic period.
yontu piece of sculpture, sculpture; statue, yontucu 1. sculptor. 2. colloq. chiseler, crook, yontuculuk sculpture, sculpturing, the art/occupation of a sculptor, yontuk 1. place from which material has been cut/chiseled/hewed/chipped away. 2. chipping, chip. 3. cut; chiseled; hewn; whittled; dressed; sculpted, yontukdüz (./.) geog. peneplain, peneplane, endrumpf. yontuklaşma erosion.
yontulma 1. being shaped by cutting; being chiseled; being hewn; being whittled; (stone’s) being dressed; being sculpted/sculptured. 2. being pointed/sharpened. 3. colloq-. being chiseled out of one’s money gradually and unsuspectingly. 4. colloq. learning:>.man-ners, having the rough edges, knocked off him/her. v *
yontulmak 1. to be shaped by cutting; io be chiseled; to be hewn; to be whittled; (for stone) to be dressed; to be sculpted, be sculptured. 2. to be pointed, be sharpened. 3. colloq. to be chiseled out of one’s money gradually and. unsuspectingly. 4. collcq. (for s,o.) to learn manners, have the rough edges knocked off him/her. yonulma prov., see yontulma, y onulmak prov., see yontulmak. yonut? -tu see yontu.
yordam 1. colloq. skill, facility. 2. colloq. method, system. 3. obs. agility. 4. prov. swagger; pomposity.
                             yorga prov. easy jog tret (of a.horse). — gitmek (for a Irorse) to go at an easy jog. yorgalama prov. (a horse’s) going at an easy
    jog.
yorgalamak prov. (for a horse) to go at an easy jog.
yorgan quilt; down comforter, (an) eiderdown,
    Brit, duvet, Brit, continental quilt. — çarşafı sheet basted onto the underside of a quilt.
                                                                                                        yosun
   —   döşek yatmak colloq. to be in bed with a serious illness. — gitti, kavga bitti, colloq. The dispute’s over because there’s no longer anything to wrangle about. — kaplamak to baste a sheet onto the underside of a quilt.
   —   yüzü decorative cloth sewn over the top side of a quilt so as to cover it.
yorgancı maker/seller of quilts, yorgancılık making/selling quilts, yorgun tired, weary, fatigued. — argm colloq. in an exhausted state, dead tired, beat. — düşmek to be tired out. — eşeğin/öküzün çüş/ıslık canma minnet, proverb A person who is tired rejoices at anything that gives him a chance to rest. — u yokuşa sürmek colloq. to want/try to make someone do something difficult under circumstances that will only make the thing more difficult to do. — yorgun colloq. wearily, yorgunluk fatigue, weariness, tiredness, —unu almak colloq. 1. to rest, take a rest. 2. Iml (for s.t.) to restore, refresh, revive (s.o.). — kahvesi colloq. cup of coffee drunk to revive one.
’yorma hi tiring, wearying, fatiguing.
2yorma /i, a/ interpreting (s.t.) as (good/bad);
   taking (s.t.) to be (a good/a bad) sign, ’yormak hi to tire, weary, fatigue.
2yormak /i, a/ to interpret (s.t.) as (good/bad); to take (s.t.) to be (a good/a bad) sign: Onu iyiye yordular. They took it to be a favorable sign.
yortma prov. wandering around idly, wandering about with nothing to do. yortmak prov. to wander around idly, wander about with nothing to do. yortu Christ, feast day, feast, festival, yorucu tiring, tiresome, wearying, wearisome, fatiguing.
’yorulma getting tired, tiring.
^yorulma /a/ (s.t.’s) being interpreted as (good/ bad), being taken to be (a good/a bad) sign, ’yorulmak to get tired, tire.
2yorulmak /a/ (for s.t.) to be interpreted as (good/bad), be taken to be (a good/a bad) sign.
yomm interpretation; explanation, yorumcu interpreter; explainer; commentator, yorumlama h! interpreting, interpretation; explaining.
yorumlamak hf to interpret; to explain, yorumlanma being interpreted; being explained.
yorumlanmak to be interpreted; to be explained.
yosma colloq. 1. woman of easy virtue, loose woman. 2. fashion plate, woman who dresses very fashionably. 3. young, attractive, and vivacious (woman), yosun bot. 1. moss, Musci.2. alga, Alga. 3. seaweed, Alga. — bağlamak 1. to get covered with moss, gather moss, get mossy. 2. to get full of algae. 3. to get full of seaweed, get
yosunbilim
972
yönlendirmek
    seaweedy. — öldürücü 1. (an) algicide, (an) algaecide. 2. algicidal. — patlaması algal bloom, yosunbilim (./..) bryology, yosunbilimci (./...) bryologist. yosunbilimsel (./...) bryological. yosunhayvanlan, -m (./....) zool. Bryozoa. yosunlanma 1. getting covered with moss, gathering moss, mossing, getting mossy. 2. getting full of algae. 3. getting full of seaweed, getting seaweedy. yosunlanmak 1. to get covered with moss, gather moss, moss, get mossy. 2. to get full of algae. 3. to get full of seaweed, get seaweedy. yosunlar bot. Algae.
yosunlu 1. mossy, covered with moss, overgrown with moss. 2. full of algae. 3. full of seaweed, seaweedy. yoyo yo-yo (a toy).
yoz 1. (land) that has never been cultivated; virgin (forest/land). 2. (plant) that has gone wild. 3. (animal) that has become wild and untractable (because it’s been allowed to run free). 4. colloq. uncouth, boorish (person).
    5.    degenerate; decadent. 6. obs. simple, single (flower), yozlaşma degenerating, degeneration; becoming decadent; becoming debased, yozlaşmak to degenerate; to become decadent;
    to become debased, yozlaştırma /ı/ causing (s.o./s.t.) to degenerate, degenerating; debasing, yozlaştırmak /i/ to cause (s.o./s.t.) to degenerate, degenerate; to debase, yön 1. direction; quarter: O yöne doğru gitti. He went in that direction. 2. side, aspect; angle: Bu sorunun birkaç yönü var. There are several sides to this matter. Probleme o yönden bakmadım. I haven’t looked at the problem from that angle. 3. point of view, line of thought, line: politik yönü belli olmayan biri someone whose political views are not readily apparent, —ünden from the standpoint of, with regard to, with respect to, in point of: üslup yönünden with regard to style. — belirteci compass (an instrument). — vermek /a/ to give (s.o.) sohie guidance; to give a direction to, direction (an effort/an undertaking), yöndeş geom. corresponding: yöndeş açılar corresponding angles, yöndeşlik geom. correspondence (of angles), yöneldirim orientation, introducing (s.o.) to an unfamiliar situation, yönelik /a/ directed towards; aimed at; oriented/ turned/inclined towards, yönelim 1. heading/going towards. 2. turning/ inclining towards. 3. inclination, tendency. 4. orientation. 5. biol. tropism. yönelme /a/ 1. heading/going towards. 2. turning/inclining towards. — durumu gram, the dative case, the dative, yönelmek /a/ 1. to head/go towards. 2. to turn/
   incline towards, yönelteç 1. steering wheel (of a motorized vehicle). 2. handlebar (of a bicycle/a motorcycle).
                                                               yönelti direction (taken by a moving object), yöneltim see yöneltme, yöneltme /ı, a/ 1. directing/steering (s.o./s.t.) towards; pointing (s.t.) at. 2. astr. orienting/ orientating (a telescope, etc.) towards, orientation.
yöneltmek h, a/ 1. to direct/steer (s.o./s.t.) towards; to point (s.t.) at. 2. astr. to orient/ orientate (a telescope, etc.) towards, yönerge directive; instructions, yöneşme 1. heading/going in the same direction; converging. 2. turning/inclining towards the same direction, yöneşmek 1. to head/go in the same direction; to converge. 2. to turn/incline towards the same direction, yönetici manager; administrator. — smif sociol.
    the ruling class, yöneticilik 1. management; administration; being a manager/an administrator. 2. managership; office/function of an administrator, yönetilme being managed, management; being administered; being controlled; being governed; being conducted, being directed, being led.
yönetilmek to be managed; to be administered; to be controlled; to be governed; to be conducted, be directed, be led. yönetim management; administration; government; direction. — biçimi regime, system of government. — kurulu executive committee; administrative committee; board of directors.
yönetimevi, -ni (../..) administrative headquarters (of an enterprise/an organization), yönetimsel managerial; administrative, yönetimyeri, -ni (../..) see yönetimevi. yönetme /ı/ managing, management; administering, administration; controlling; governing, government; conducting, directing, direction, leading.
yönetmek /ı/ to manage; to administer; to control; to govern; to conduct, direct, lead, yönetmelik (written) regulations/statutes/instructions.
                                                               yönetmen 1. director; manager; executive. 2.
   director (of a play/a motion picture), yönetmenlik 1. direction; management; being a director/a manager. 2. directorship; managership. 3. director’s office; manager’s office (room/suite in which a director/a manager works), yönetsel managerial; administrative, yöneylem used in: yöneylem araştırması operations research, Brit, operational research, yönlendirme h, a/ directing/steering/orienting (s.o.) towards, yönlendirmek h, a/ to direct/steer/orient (s.o.) towards.
 yönlü
 yönlü 1. (matter/problem) which has (a specified number of) sides/aspects: çok yönlü bir soru a many-sided question. 2. math, directed (line segment, vector). 3. (road) on which traffic may proceed in (one/two) directions: tek yönlü sokak a one-way street, iki yönlü sokak a two-way street. 4. (s.o.) who has (many) abilities/talents: çok yönlü bir adam a man of parts, yönseme psych, tendency, yöntem method, procedure, system, yöntembilim (./..) methodology, yöntembilimsel (./...) methodological, yöntemli done methodically, methodical, systematic.
 yöntemlilik methodicalness, systematicness, yöntemsel of or relating to method, methodical, procedural.
 yöntemsiz not done methodically, unmethodical, methodless, unsystematic, systemless. yöntemsizlik lack of method, lack of system, yöre area around/near (s.o./s.t.); neighborhood, vicinity, environs, region: Eminönü ve yöresi Eminönü and the places near it. Kadıköy yöresinde in the vicinity of Kadıköy. Yöresini sardılar. They surrounded him. yörekent, -ti (..'.) suburb, yörel see yöresel.
 yöresel local, of or relating to a locality, yöresellik localness.
 Yörük Yuruk, Juruk (one of a nomadic shepherd people of Anatolia), yörük see yürük.
 yörünge orbit; trajectory, —sine oturmak 1. (for a satellite) to go into orbit. 2. colloq. (for s.t.) to start to go well, yudum swallow/draught/gulp/sip/sup (of a liquid). — yudum in small swallows, yudumlama III sipping, yudumlamak hi to sip. yudumlanma being sipped, yudumlanmak to be sipped, yudumluk (so many) swallows/sips of (a liquid): bir yudumluk su a sip of water, yuf used to express a mixture of disgust and sadness: Yuf sana! Why’d you do that, damn it? Yuf ervahına! Why the hell’d you have to do that? — okumak (— borusu çalmak) /a/ colloq. to curse, revile (s.o.) (out of commingled disgust or sadness), yufka 1. phyllo, filo, a very thin sheet of dough. 2. colloq. weak, fragile; not tough or durable; flimsy. 3. colloq. thin. — açmak to roll dough thin. — ekmeği a bread baked in very thin sheets. — yürekli colloq. tenderhearted, yufkaböreği, -ni (./...) a börek made with phyllo.
 yufkacı maker/seller of phyllo. yufkacılık making/selling phyllo.
                                                            Yugoslav 1. (a) Yugoslav, (a) Jugoslav, (a) Yugoslavian, (a) Jugoslavian. 2. Yugoslavian, Jugoslavian; of Yugoslavia; of the Yugoslavs. Yugoslavya (../.) 1. Yugoslavia, Jugoslavia. 2.
973                                 yumdurma
       Yugoslavian, Jugoslavian, of Yugoslavia. YugoslavyalI (../..) 1. (a) Yugoslav, (a) Jugoslav, (a) Yugoslavian, (a) Jugoslavian. 2. Yugoslav, Yugoslavian (person), yuğma hi prov. washing, yuğmak hi prov. to wash, yuh Boo!/Yuk!/Ugh! — çekmek /a/ to boo, jeer, yuha Boo!/Yuk!/Ugh! (said by a group of people). — çekmek /a/, —ya tutmak hi to boo, jeer.
    yuhalama III booing, jeering, yuhalamak III to boo, jeer, yuhalanma being booed, being jeered, yuhalanmak to be booed, be jeered, yukaağacı, -ni (/....) bot., see avizeağacı. yukaç geol. anticline, anticlinal, yukarı 1. upper part; upstairs. 2. upper; upstairs: yukarı daire the upstairs flat. Yukarı Mısır Upper Egypt. 3. upper, superior in social position: yukarı sınıf upper class. 4. (moving) up; (going) upstairs: Yukarı çıktı. He went upstairs, —da 1. above; upstairs. 2. (holding one’s head) high: Başı yukarıda yürürdü. She would walk with her head held high, —dan 1. from above. 2. from upstairs. 3. colloq. from the boss; from the top brass; from above, from the top. —dan almak colloq. to behave in an aggressive, unyielding manner; to show an unwillingness to compromise. —dan aşağı süzmek h! colloq. to give (s.o.) the once-over, scrutinize (s.o.) appraisingly from head to toe. —dan bakmak /a/ colloq. to look down one’s nose at, regard (s.o./s.t.) with disdain. — tükürsem bıyık, aşağı tükürsem sakal, colloq. I’m faced with an impossible choice ./I’m damned if I don’t (do it), and I’m damned if I do (do it)./I’m sitting on the horns of a dilemma, yulaf 1. bot. oat, Avena sativa. 2. oats (the seed of the oat). — çorbası oatmeal porridge, oatmeal. — ezmesi 1. rolled oats, oatmeal. 2. oatmeal porridge, oatmeal. — lapası see yulaf çorbası. — unu oat flour, yular halter (for a horse or other equine). — sız ata binilmez. (Yularsız deve yedilmez.) proverb It’s useless to try to get a refractory person to carry out an order, yuma naut. hawser (used to tie a ship to a buoy).
    ’yumak ball (of wool/thread/string).
                           2yumak 111 prov. to wash, yumaklama III 1. winding (wool/thread/string) into a ball. 2. making (s.t.) into a ball, yumaklamak III 1. to wind (wool/thread/string) into a ball. 2. to make (s.t.) into a ball, yumaklanma 1. (of wool/thread/string) being wound into a ball. 2. being made into a ball.
       3.    balling up, assuming the shape of a ball, yumaklanmak 1. (for wool/thread/string) to be wound into a ball. 2. to be made into a ball.
       3.    to ball up, assume the shape of a ball, yumdurma hi causing (s.o.) to shut (his/her eyes/mouth) tightly; causing (s.o.) to close
yumdurmak
   (his/her eyes/mouth); causing (s.o.) to clench (his/her fist), yumdurmak /ı/ to cause (s.o.) to shut (his/her eyes/mouth), tightly; to cause (s.o.) to close (his/her eyes/mouth); to cause (s.o.) to clench (his/her fist), yumma /i/ shutting (one’s eyes/mouth) tightly; shutting (one’s eyes/mouth); clenching, doubling (one’s fist), yummak /i/ to shut (one’s eyes/mouth) tightly; to shut (one’s eyes/mouth); to clench, double (one’s fist).
yumru 1. lump, rounded protuberance/protrusion; knot; knob, gnarl; tuberosity; node, nodosity. 2. bot. tuber; tubercle. 3. round and swollen; knobby; tuberous; nodose, nodular.
   —      kök bot. tuber; tubercle, yumruayak (./..) path, clubfoot, yumrucuk small lump, small rounded protuberance/protrusion; small knot; small knob; tubercle; nodule, yumruk 1. fist. 2. blow/sock/punch delivered with the fist. 3. colloq. iron hand, fist, harsh and rigorous control. — atmak /a/ to hit/ sock/punch (s.o./s.t.) with one’s fist. — göstermek /a/ colloq. to threaten. — una güvenmek colloq. to trust that one’s brute strength alone will enable one to get one’s way. — hakkı colloq. something gained by the use of brute force alone. — indirmek /a/ colloq., see yumruk atmak. — kadar colloq. 1. small, peâ-sized, pint-sized (when it should be large). 2. large, as big as a goose egg (when it should be small). 3. (child) who’s no bigger than a minute. — yumruğa gelmek colloq. to come to blows, get into a fist fight.
yumruklama /ı/ hitting/socking/punching (s.o./ s.t.) with one’s fist, yumruklamak /ı/ to hit/sock/punch (s.o./s.t.)
   with one’s fist, yumruklanma being hit/socked/punched with someone’s fist, yumruklanmak to be hit/socked/punched with someone’s fist, yumruklaşma having a fist fight, yumruklaşmak to have a fist fight, yumrukoyuncusu, -nu (./....) sports boxer, yumrukoyunu, -nu (./...) sports boxing, yumruktopu, -nu (./..) sports punching bag. yumrulanma becoming round and swollen; becoming tuberous/nodose/nodular; becoming knobby; forming tubers; forming nodules, yumrulanmak to become round and swollen; to become tuberous/nodose/nodular; to become knobby; to form tubers; to form nodules.
                                                       yumrulma see yumrulanma. yumrulmak see yumrulanmak. yumruluk lump, rounded protuberance/protrusion; knot; knob, gnarl; tuberosity; nodosity, yumuk 1. (tightly) shut (eye/mouth); clenched, doubled (fist). 2. colloq. pudgy, chubby. 3.
974                              yumurtlama
        (eye) set deep/buried in a chubby face. — yumuk colloq. pudgy, chubby, yumuklaşma colloq. getting pudgy/chubby, yumuklaşmak colloq. to get pudgy/chubby, yumulma 1. shutting/closing (of one’s eyes) (automatically). 2. narrowing (of one’s eyes).
        3. (of one’s eyes/mouth) being (tightly) shut; (of one’s fist) being clenched/doubled. 4. hunching over/forward, hunkering. 5. /a/ attacking.
     yumulmak 1. (for one’s eyes) to shut/close (automatically). 2. (for one’s eyes) to narrow.
        3.   (for one’s eyes/mouth) to be tightly shut; (for one’s eyes/mouth) to be shut; (for one’s fist) to be clenched/doubled. 4. to hunch over/forward, hunker. 5. /a/ to attack, yumulu 1. (tightly) shut (eye/mouth); clenched, doubled (fist). 2. narrowed (eyes). 3. hunched over/forward, hunkered, yumurcak 1. mischievous child, scamp, little dickens, little monkey, little jackanapes. 2. prov., path, bubo (a swelling), yumurmak prov. to form a lump/a knob/a tuber/ a nodule.
     yumurta 1. egg. 2. biol. ovum. 3. anat. testicle, testis. 4. darning egg. — akı egg white, albumen. — bırakımı biol. ovulation. — bir kardeş colloq. children of the same mother.
        —yı çalkamak (for a broody hen) to turn over the egg it’s sitting on. —dan çıkan yine yumurta çıkarır, proverb When a living thing reproduces, it begets offspring very similar to itself. — çırpacağı whisk (for beating eggs); eggbeater. —dan daha dün çıkmış colloq. young and smart-alecky. — kabuğu eggshell. — kanalı anat., zool. oviduct. — kapıya dayanmak/gelmek colloq.
        1.    for a given period of time almost to be up: yumurta kapıya dayanmadan while there’s still sufficient time. 2. for a situation to become desperate; for someone to be hard pressed. — kemer elliptical arch, —da kıl bitmez, proverb Don’t expect something from a place where there’s nothing. — ya kulp takmak colloq. to seize upon the most unlikely things as pretexts for criticizing someone/something. — sarısı 1. yolk. 2. light orange, deep yellow. — zarı egg membrane, egg envelope, yumurtacı seller of eggs, yumurtacık biol., bot. ovule, yumurtalı 1. (food) topped with or containing a (cooked) egg. 2. made using eggs/an egg.
        3.   coated with egg. yumurtalık 1. anat., biol. ovary. 2. eggcup. yumurtapatlicani, -ni (../....) bot. white eggplant, Solanum melongena. yumurtapiçi, -ni (../..) zool. little grebe, Podi-ceps ruficollis. yumurtapiçigiller (../....) zool. Podicipedidael Colymbidae. yumurtlama 1. laying eggs, laying. 2. biol. ovulating, ovulation. 3. /i/ laying (eggs). 4. /i/
 yumurtlamak                                    975
   colloq. coming out with (a remark). — borusu zool. ovipositor, yumurtlamak 1. to lay eggs, lay. 2. biol. to ovulate. 3. hi to lay (eggs). 4. hi colloq. to come out with (a remark). Yumurtlayan tavuk bağırgan olur, proverb If a person is hard-working and productive, he/she usually advertises this fact, yumurtlatma hi causing (an animal) to lay eggs.
 yumurtlatmak hi to cause (an animal) to lay eggs.
yumurtlayanlar zool. Ovipara. yumurtlayici zool. oviparous, yumuşacık (/...) colloq. very soft/mild, yumuşak soft; tender; gentle; mild; yielding; pliable. — ağızlı (equine) that takes a bit easily. — başlı colloq. compliant; tractable; mild; docile. — damak anat. soft palate. — huylu atm çiftesi/tekmesi pek/yavuz olur. proverb, see Yavaş atm çiftesi/tekmesi pek/ yavuz olur. — iniş smooth landing (of an aircraft). — su soft water. — yüzlü colloq.
   (s.o.) who is too kind to refuse a request, yumuşakçalar (../..) zool. Mollusca. yumuşakçalarbilim (../....) malacology, yumuşakçamsılar zool. Molluscoidea. yumuşaklık softness; gentleness; mildness, yumuşama 1. softening, becoming soft; becoming tender. 2. colloq. relenting/softening/mel-lowing/thawing/unbending (of s.o.). yumuşamak 1. to soften, become soft; to become tender. 2. colloq. (for s.o.) to relent/ soften/mel low/thaw/un bend. yumuşatılma 1. being softened; being tenderized. 2. colloq. (s.o.’s) being made to relent/ soften/mellow/thaw/unbend, yumuşatılmak 1. to be softened; to be tenderized. 2. colloq. (for s.o.) to be made to relent/ soften/mellow/thaw/unbend, yumuşatma /ı/ 1. softening; tenderizing. 2. colloq. causing (s.o.) to relent/soften/mellow/ thaw/unbend, yumuşatmak h! 1. to soften; to tenderize. 2. colloq. to cause (s.o.) to relent/soften/mellow/ thaw/unbend, yumuşatmalık shock absorber, Brit, shock damper, Brit, damper, yuna prov. saddle blanket, yunak prov. public bath, bathhouse, Turkish bath.
                                                      Yunan Greek, Grecian, of Greece or the Greeks. Yunanca (./.) 1. Greek, the Greek language. 2. (speaking/writing) in Greek, Greek. 3. Greek (speech/writing); spoken in Greek; written in Greek.
Yunanistan 1. Greece. 2. Greek, of Greece. YunanistanlI 1. citizen of Greece, Greek citizen.
   2. (s.o.) who is a citizen of Greece.
Yunanlı 1. (a) Greek. 2. Greek (person), yunmak prov. to bathe o.s., bathe, wash o.s., take a bath, yunt, -tu prov., see yont.
                                                                                      yutkunma
yunus zool., see yunusbalığı. yunusbalığı, -nı (./...) zool. dolphin, Delphinus delphis.
yunusbalığıgiller (./.....) zool. Delphinidae. yurdu prov. eye of a needle, yurt 1. homeland (of a people/a nation); territory comprising a nation-state. 2. place/area in which one grew up. 3. place which one can call home, home. 4. home, place which breeds excellent ...: Maraş kahramanlar yurdudur. Maraş is the home of heroes. 5. hostel, dormitory (for university students). 6. home (for homeless/distressed people): yetiştirme yurdu orphanage. 7. place where a particular service is rendered or a particular subject is taught: sağlık yurdu clinic, biçki dikiş yurdu tailoring school. — bilgisi civics (a subject taught in schools). — un otlusundan kutlusu yeğdir, proverb It’s better to live in a place where one is poor but happy than to live in a place where one is rich but unhappy. — tutmak hi to settle in, make (a place) one’s home, yurtlandırma 1. hi providing (people) with a homeland/a home. 2. hi causing (s.o.) to become the owner of a home. 3. /i, da/ settling (people) (in a place), yurtlandırmak 1. hi to provide (people) with a homeland/a home. 2. hi to cause (s.o.) to become the owner of a home. 3. /i, da/ to settle (people) in (a place), yurtlanma 1. finding/acquiring a homeland; finding a home. 2. becoming the owner of a home. 3. /da/ settling in (a place), yurtlanmak 1. to find/acquire a homeland; to find a home. 2. to become the owner of a home. 3. /da/ to settle in (a place), yurtluk 1. country estate; big farm. 2. homeland, home.
yurtsal of or relating to the homeland of a people/a nation, yurtsama being homesick, homesickness, yurtsamak to be homesick, yurtsever 1. (a) patriot. 2. patriotic, yurtseverlik patriotism; patriotic action, yurttaş citizen; fellow citizen, compatriot, —lar yasası civil law (as opposed to criminal law).
yurttaşlık citizenship. — bügisi civics (a subject taught in schools), yusufçuk zool. 1. turtledove, Streptopelia turtur.
   2.    dragonfly, skimmer, Libellula. yusyumru (/..) very round and swollen; very knobby; very tuberous; very nodose/nodular, yusyuvarlak (/...) very round, as round as a ball, as round as a top. yutak anat. pharynx. — yangısı path, pharyngitis.
yutargöze (./..) biol. phagocyte, yutarhücre (./..) biol., see yutargöze. yutkunma 1. swallowing/gulping, performing the action characteristic of swallowing/gulping something. 2. colloq. being hesitant about
 yutkunmak                                      976
   saying something.
yutkunmak 1. to swallow/gulp, perform the action characteristic of swallowing/gulping something. 2. colloq. to be hesitant about saying something.
yutma hi 1. swallowing (food, drink, medicine, etc.); gulping (food/drink). 2. colloq. swallowing (an insult); enduring (unpleasant behavior) in silence. 3. (s.t.’s) absorbing (a sound). 4. colloq. swallowing, falling for, being taken in by, believing. 5. colloq. beating, skunking (s.o.) (in a game); winning, taking (one’s opponent’s counters, etc.) (while playing a game). 6. colloq. seizing/appropriating (another person’s property) wrongfully. 7. colloq. learning (s.t.) thoroughly. 8. colloq. not understanding/apprehending/catching (an allusive remark).
yutmak hi 1. to swallow (food, drink, medicine, etc.); to gulp (food/drink). 2. colloq. to swallow (an insult); to endure (unpleasant behavior) in silence. 3. (for s.t.) to absorb (a sound). 4. colloq. to swallow, fall for, be taken in by, believe. 5. colloq. to beat, skunk (s.o.) (in a game); to win, take (one’s opponent’s counters, etc.) (while playing a game). 6. colloq. to seize/appropriate (another person’s property) wrongfully. 7. colloq. to learn (s.t.) thoroughly. 8. colloq. not to understand/apprehend/catch (an allusive remark).
yutturma h, a/ 1. causing (s.o.) to swallow (food, drink, medicine, etc.); causing (s.o.) to gulp (food/drink). 2. colloq. making (s.o.) swallow (an insult); making (s.o.) endure (unpleasant behavior). 3. colloq. making (s.o.) fall for, making (s.o.) believe (s.t.). 4. colloq. palming (s.t. worthless) off on (s.o.).
   5. colloq. causing (one person) to seize/appropriate (another’s property) wrongfully. 6. colloq. having (s.o.) learn (s.t.) thoroughly.
yutturmaca colloq. sly dig/joke (so subtle that the person who is its butt can’t understand it).
yutturmak /i, a/ 1. to cause (s.o.) to swallow (food, drink, medicine, etc.); to cause (s.o.) to gulp (food/drink). 2. colloq. to make (s.o.) swallow (an insult); to make (s.o.) endure (unpleasant behavior). 3. colloq. to make (s.o.) fall for, make (s.o.) believe (s.t.). 4. colloq. to palm (s.t. worthless) off on (s.o.).
   5. colloq. to cause (one person) to seize/appropriate (another’s property) wrongfully. 6. colloq. to have (s.o.) learn (s.t.) thoroughly.
yutulma 1. (of food, drink, medicine, etc.) being swallowed; (of food/drink) being gulped. 2. colloq. (an insult’s) being swallowed; (of unpleasant behavior) being endured in silence.
   3. (a sound’s) being absorbed. 4. colloq. (a remark’s/a story’s) being swallowed/believed.
   5. colloq. being beaten/skunked (in a game);
   (of s.o.’s counters, etc.) being won/taken (in the course of a game). 6. colloq. (of s.o.’s
                                                                                          yuvarlama
   property) being seized/appropriated wrongfully. 7. colloq. being learned thoroughly. 8. colloq. (of an allusive remark) not being understood/apprehended/caught, yutulmak 1. (for food, drink, medicine, etc.) to be swallowed; (for food/drink) to be gulped. 2. colloq. (for an insult) to be swallowed; (for unpleasant behavior) to be endured in silence. 3. (for a sound) to be absorbed. 4. colloq. (for a remark/a story) to be swallowed/believed. 5. colloq. to be beaten, be skunked (in a game); (for s.o.’s counters, etc.) to be won, be taken (in the course of a game). 6. colloq. (for s.o.’s property) to be seized/appropriated wrongfully. 7. colloq. to be learned thoroughly. 8. colloq. (for an allusive remark) not to be understood/apprehended/caught, yutum swallowing, deglutition, yuva 1. nest. 2. nursery school, preschool. 3. home (for homeless/distressed people). 4. seat (of learning, etc.). 5. den, lair (of criminals, ne’er-do-wells, etc.). 6. groove; slot; hole; mortise, socket. 7. anat. socket: göz yuvası eye socket. — açmak /da/ to make a groove/a slot/a hole/a socket (in). — sini bozmak Iml colloq. to break up (s.o.’s) marriage. — kurmak colloq. to set up housekeeping. —yı yapan dişi kuştur. (Yuvayı dişi kuş yapar.) proverb It’s the wife who knows how to make a house a home. — smi yapmak /in/ slang to teach (s.o.) a lesson, show (s.o.) a thing or two, give (s.o.) his/ her comeuppance, yuvak prov. stone roller (used to pack the surface of a dirt roof), yuvalama nesting; making a nest, yuvalamak to nest; to make a nest, yuvalanmak 1. to get married and settle down; to set up housekeeping. 2. /da/ (for an unwanted group) to get established in, establish themselves in (a place). 3. mil. (for an artillery piece) to be camouflaged, yuvar 1. biol. corpuscle. 2. astr. spheroid, yuvarlak 1. round, circular. 2. round, spherical, globular. 3. sphere, spherical (object); ball.
   4.    cylinder (of a printing press). 5. slang passive male homosexual, fag, queer. 6. slang * asshole. — hesap a calculation given in round figures. — sayı math, round number, yuvarlaklaşma becoming circular/spherical in shape.
yuvarlaklaşmak to become circular/spherical in shape.
yuvarlaklaştırma hi rounding, giving (s.t.) a circular/spherical shape, yuvarlaklaştırmak hi to round, give (s.t.) a circular/spherical shape, yuvarlaklık roundness; circularness; sphericalness.
yuvarlama 1. hi rolling (s.t.) (along a surface). 2. hi rolling (s.t.) up. 3. hi rounding, giving (s.t.) a circular/spherical shape. 4. hi math.
 yuvarlamak                                      977
   rounding off. 5. /ı, a/ colloq. sending (s.o.) sprawling (to the ground). 6. /i/ s/tmg downing (food/drink) quickly; putting away, packing away, or polishing off (food) quickly.
   7. slang telling whopping big lies, telling whoppers.
yuvarlamak 1. hi to roll (s.t.) (along a surface).
   2.    Ill to roll (s.t.) up. 3. Ill to round, give (s.t.) a circular/spherical shape. 4. Ill math. to round off. 5. /i, a/ colloq. to send (s.o.) sprawling (to the ground). 6. hi slang to down (food/drink) quickly; to put away, pack away, or polish off (food) quickly. 7. slang to tell whopping big lies, tell whoppers, yuvarlanma 1. rolling; turning over and over.
   2. falling, falling down. 3. colloq. dying suddenly, kicking the bucket suddenly. 4. being rolled (along a surface). 5. being rolled up.
   6.    being rounded, being given a circular/ spherical shape. 7. /a/ colloq. being sent sprawling (to the ground). 8. slang (of food/ drink) being downed quickly; (food’s) being put away, packed away, or polished off quickly. 9. colloq. being fired, getting the sack, getting the push, yuvarlanmak 1. to roll; to turn over and over: Kaya üstümüze doğru yuvarlanıyordu.
   The boulder was rolling straight towards us.
   2.    to fall, fall down. 3. colloq. to die suddenly, up and die, kick the bucket suddenly. 4. to be rolled (along a surface). 5. to be rolled up. 6. to be rounded, be given a circular/ spherical shape. 7. /a/ colloq. to be sent sprawling (to the ground). 8. slang (for food/ drink) to be downed quickly; (for food) to be put away, packed away, or polished off quickly. 9. colloq. to be fired, get the sack, get the push, yuvarlanıp gitmek colloq. to manage or get along in a so-so manner. Yuvarlanan taş yosun tutmaz, proverb A rolling stone gathers no moss, yuvarlatma /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) roll (s.t.) (along a surface). 2. having (s.o.) roll (s.t.) up. 3. having (s.o.) round (s.t.), having (s.o.) give (s.t.) a circular/spherical shape. 4. colloq. having (s.o.) send (s.o.) sprawling (to the ground). 5. slang having (s.o.) down (food/drink) quickly; having (s.o.) put away, pack away, or polish off (food) quickly, yuvarlatmak /ı, a/ 1. to have (s.o.) roll (s.t.) (along a surface). 2. to have (s.o.) roll (s.t.) up. 3. to have (s.o.) round (s.t.), have (s.o.) give (s.t.) a circular/spherical shape. 4. colloq. to have (s.o.) send (s.o.) sprawling (to the ground). 5. slang to have (s.o.) down (food/drink) quickly; to have (s.o.) put away, pack away, or polish off (food) quickly, yuvar yuvar (./ ..) colloq. (moving) with a rolling motion: Yuvar yuvar yürür. He walks with a rolling gait, yuvgu prov. stone roller (used to pack the surface of a dirt roof), yuvgulama III prov. rolling/packing/flattening
                                                                                                 yükleme
    (s.t.) with a roller, yuvgulamak hi prov. to roll/pack/flatten (s.t.)
                                                            with a roller, yüce lofty; eminent; exalted; sublime. Y— Divan a court of law which only hears cases brought against high government officials, yücelik loftiness; eminence; exaltedness; sublimity.
yücelim astr. culmination, yücelme becoming lofty/eminent/exalted/sublime.
yücelmek to become lofty/eminent/exalted/sublime.
                                                            yüceltilme 1. being exalted, exaltation. 2. psych.
    being sublimated, sublimation, yüceltilmek 1. to be exalted. 2. psych, to be sublimated.
                                                            yüceltme Iı/ 1. exalting, exaltation. 2. psych.
    sublimating, sublimation, yüceltmek III 1. to exalt. 2. psych, to sublimate, yük, -kü 1. load; burden. 2. cargo; freight; lading. 3. burdensome or difficult task/obligation/responsibility; burden; encumbrance; incubus. 4. electric charge, charge. 5. large, built-in cupboard (where bedding is stored during the day), —ünü almak 1. (for s.t.) to take all it can bear/contain/hold. 2. colloq. to be drunk, be loaded, be tanked. — altında eşek anırmaz, proverb A person who’s weighed down with a lot of work or responsibility has no time to get up to any mischief or to indulge his/her own wishes/whims. — altında eşek kalır, proverb An ass doesn’t repay a kindness or favor; a human being does. — altma girmek colloq. to take on a burdensome or difficult task/obligation/responsibility. —ün altından kalkmak colloq.
    1. to succeed in doing a difficult task, carry out a hard job successfully. 2. to repay a kindness/a favor. — arabası 1. vehicle used for moving/transporting things. 2. (horse -drawn) wagon (used for transporting things).
    —  belgesi bill of lading. — gemisi freighter.
    —te hafif pahada ağır colloq. (s.t.) which is small, light, and valuable (e.g. a piece of jewelry). — hayvanı beast of burden. — olmak /a/ to be a burden to. — tarifesi schedule of freight rates, —ünü tutmak colloq. to get rich, make money. — vagonu rail. freight car, Brit, goods wagon. — vurmak /a/ to load (an animal), yükçü porter, person who carries burdens, yüklem gram., log. predicate, yükleme 1. Ill loading/freighting (an animal/a vehicle); /i, a/ putting (a load) on/in, loading (s.t.) into/on to, loading (s.o./an animal/a vehicle) with (s.t.). 2. h, a/ giving (s.o.) the task/the responsibility of (doing s.t.); laying (a task) on (s.o.), burdening (s.o.) with (a task). 3. /i, a/ laying (the blame) on (s.o.).
    4. h, a/ charging (s.t.) with (electricity). — durumu gram, the accusative case, the accusative.
yüklemek                                              978
yüklemek 1. fil to load/freight (an animal/a vehicle); /i, af to put (a load) on/in, load (s.t.) into/on to, load (s.o./an animal/a vehicle) with (s.t.). 2. h, at to give (s.o.) the task/the responsibility of (doing s.t.); to lay (a task) on (s.o.), burden (s.o.) with (a task). 3. h, a/ to lay (the blame) on (s.o.). 4. /i, a/ to charge (s.t.) with (electricity), yüklenme 1. hi shouldering or taking on (a burden/a task/a responsibility). 2. /a/ pushing against (s.o./s.t.) with all one’s weight. 3. /a/ pressing, pushing, putting pressure on, pressuring (s.o.). 4. (rain’s) coming down hard, falling hard. 5. /a/ making a strong, concerted attack upon, rushing/pressing (s.o.) hard. 6.
   (of s.o ./an animal/a vehicle) being loaded/ freighted; /a/ (a load’s) being put on/in. 7.
   /a/ (of a task/a responsibility) being given to or laid on (s.o.). 8. (the blame’s) being laid on (s.o.). 9. /a/ (of an electrical charge) being given to.
yüklenmek 1. hi to shoulder or take on (a burden/a task/a responsibility). 2. /a/ to push against (s.o./s.t.) with all one’s weight. 3. /a/ to press, push, put pressure on, pressure (s.o.). 4. (for rain) to come down hard, fall hard. 5. /a/ to make a strong, concerted attack upon, rush/press (s.o.) hard. 6. (for s.o ./an animal/a vehicle) to be loaded/freighted; /a/
   (for a load) to be put on/in. 7. /a/ (for a task/ a responsibility) to be given to or laid on (s.o.). 8. (for the blame) to be laid on (s.o.).
   9.  /a/ (for an electrical charge) to be given to.
yükletme /ı, a/ 1. having (s.o.) load (s.o./an animal/a vehicle); having (s.t.) loaded in/on. 2. having (a task/a responsibility) given to or laid upon (s.o.). 3. having (the blame) put on (s.o.). 4. having (s.t.) charged with (electricity).
yükletmek lı, af 1. to have (s.o.) load (s.o./an animal/a vehicle); to have (s.t.) loaded in/ on. 2. to have (a task/a responsibility) given to or laid upon (s.o.). 3. to have (the blame) put on (s.o.). 4. to have (s.t.) charged with (electricity), yükleyici 1. longshoreman, stevedore. 2. loading machine, loader. 3. (s.o.) who is a longshoreman, who works as a longshoreman, yüklü 1. loaded; freighted; loaded/freighted with: kömür yüklü bir kamyon a truck loaded with coal. 2. (s.o.) who’s been given a lot of work to do; (s.o.) who has a lot of work to do. 3. full, demanding (schedule of activities). 4. prov. pregnant. 5. slang drunk, loaded, tanked. 6. slang rich, loaded. — bir para colloq. a lot of money, a big sum of money. — eşek anırmaz, proverb, see Yük altında eşek anırmaz, yüklük large, built-in cupboard (where bedding is stored during the day), yüksek 1. high; lofty. 2. lofty, noble. 3. high; great; intense; big: yüksek basınç high pres-
                                                                                        yükseltgen
   sure, yüksek frekans high frequency, yüksek bir fiyat a high price, yüksek bir meblağ a big sum. 4. high, superior in status: yüksek okul institution of higher education. 5. loud/ raised (voice). 6. (sea) marked by high waves, high. 7. high, superior (quality). 8. high place; height. 9. (playing a game) for high stakes. — atlama sports high jumping, —ten atmak colloq. to talk big, claim to be able to do that which one can’t, —ten bakmak lal colloq. to look down one’s nose at, regard (s.o.) as inferior to o.s. — çözünürlük comp, high resolution. Y— Denizcilik Okulu Merchant Marine Academy. — lerde dolaşmak colloq. to pursue the impossible, chase rainbows. — firm blast furnace. Y— İslam Enstitüsü Higher Institute for Islamic Studies. — kabartma sculpture high relief (as opposed to bas-relief). — kan basıncı high blood pressure, hypertension. — mimar architect whose professional training involved the completion of a five-year university course. — mühendis engineer whose professional training involved the completion of a five-year university course. — perdeden konuşmak 1. colloq. to talk in a peremptory manner; to talk challengingly. 2. to talk in a loud voice. Y— Seçim Kurulu the Election Commission (a group of officials charged with supervising a national election). — sesle (reading/speaking) aloud. — tansiyon high blood pressure, hypertension, —ten/—lerde uçmak colloq., see yükseklerde dolaşmak.
   —  ustura slang whopping big lie, whopper.
   —  yoğunluk comp, high density. — yoğunluklu comp, high-density.
yüksekbaskı (./..) letterpress, typography, relief printing, yüksekısıölçer (./....) pyrometer, yüksekısıölçüm (./....) pyrometry. yükseklik 1. height; highness; loftiness. 2. elevation; altitude. 3. geom. altitude. 4. loftiness, nobility. 5. loudness (of a voice). 6. high place, height. — korkusu acrophobia, yükseklikölçer (../..) altimeter, yüksekokul (./..) institution of higher education, yükseköğretim (./...) higher education, yükselim astr. 1. right ascension. 2. declination, yükselme 1. rising, rise, ascending. 2. rising, rise, increasing, mounting. 3. (a voice’s) getting louder, rising in volume. 4. rising (in s.o.’s estimation). 5. rising, advancing, being promoted; bettering o.s., coming up in the world.
yükselmek 1. to rise, ascend. 2. to rise, increase, mount. 3. (for a voice) to get louder, rise in volume. 4. to rise (in s.o.’s estimation). 5. to rise, advance, be promoted; to better o.s., come up in the world, yükselteç elec. amplifier, yükseltgeme hi chem. oxidizing, oxidation, yükseltgemek hi chem. to oxidize, yükseltgen chem. 1. oxidant, oxidizer, oxidizing
yükseltgenme
979
yürek
   agent. 2. oxidative.
yükseltgenme chem. oxidation, becoming oxidized. — indirgenme chem. oxidation-reduc-tion, redox.
yükseltgenmek chem. to oxidize, become oxidized.
yükseltgeyici chem. oxidative, capable of oxidizing, having oxidizing powers.
yükselti 1. elevation, altitude, height above sea level. 2. astr. elevation. 3. bench mark. — çizgisi contour line (on a map). — haritası contour map. — rahatsızlığı altitude sickness.
yükseltme 1. /ı/ raising, elevating, increasing the height of (s.t.), making (s.t.) higher. 2. h! raising, increasing. 3. hi turning up, increasing (the sound of) (a radio, television, etc.). 4. Ill elec. amplifying. 5. hi exalting the dignity/the worth/the ability of. 6. h, a/ promoting, raising (s.o.) to (a higher rank).
   7.  h, a/ raising (a number) to (a higher power).
yükseltmek 1. Ill to raise, elevate, increase the height of (s.t.), make (s.t.) higher: Binayı bir kat yükseltmeye karar verdiler. They decided to make the building one story higher.
   2.  hi to raise, increase: Sesini yükseltti. He raised his voice. Gazetenin fiyatını yükselttiler. They’ve raised the price of the newspaper. 3. hi to turn up, increase (the sound of) (a radio, television, etc.): Radyonun sesini yükseltti. He turned up the radio. 4. hi elec. to amplify. 5. hi to exalt the dignity/ the worth/the ability of. 6. /i, a/ to promote, raise (s.o.) to (a higher rank). 7. h, a/ to raise (a number) to (a higher power): Beşi onuncu kuvvete yükselt. Raise five to the tenth power.
yüksük 1. thimble (used in sewing). 2. bot. cupule, cup (as an acorn cup). 3. bot. root cap, calyptra. — kadar colloq. 1. very small amount, thimbleful. 2. a very small amount of, a thimbleful of. 3. very small, no bigger than one’s thumb. — le ölçmek hi to dole (s.t.) out very sparingly, dole (s.t.) out by the thimbleful.
yüksükotu, -nu (./..) bot. 1. foxglove, Digitalis. 2. foxglove, thimbleflower, Digitalis purpurea.
yüksünme /dan/ regarding (s.o./s.t.) as a burden; finding (s.o./s.t.) burdensome or hard to bear.
yüksünmek /dan/ to regard (s.o./s.t.) as a burden; to find (s.o./s.t.) burdensome or hard to bear.
yüküm obligation, liability.
yükümlenme hi 1. binding o.s. to (do s.t.); undertaking to (do s.t.). 2. acting as a guarantor for; going bond for.
yükümlenmek hi 1. to bind o.s. to (do s.t.); to undertake to (do s.t.). 2. to act as a guarantor for; to go bond for.
yükümlü 1. /la/ obliged to, obligated to, bound
   to (do s.t.). 2. person who is obliged to do something: vergi yükümlüsü person who is obliged to pay taxes, taxpayer, yükümlülük obligation, liability, yükünme prov. bowing or prostrating o.s. (as a sign of respect), yükünmek prov. to bow or prostrate o.s. (as a sign of respect), yülgü prov. straight razor, razor, yülük prov. shaven, shaved (with a razor), yülüme hi prov. shaving (with a razor), yülümek III prov. to shave (with a razor), yün 1. wool. 2. wool clipped in the fall. 3. wool, woolen, made of wool, yünlenme (an animal’s) growing a new fleece, growing a new coat of wool, yünlenmek (for an animal) to grow a new fleece, grow a new coat of wool, yünlü 1. wool, woolen, made of wool. 2. (cloth) which contains wool. 3. fabric/garment made completely/partially of wool, woolen, yüpürme prov. running hither and thither in confusion.
yüpürmek prov. to run hither and thither in confusion.
yürek 1. heart. 2. med. cardio-, cardi-. 3. med. cardiac. 4. colloq. courage, stoutheartedness, guts. 5. colloq. pity, compassion. 6. colloq. heart, heartstrings, emotions. 7. prov. stomach, belly, —ten very sincerely, from one’s heart, from the bottom of one’s heart, —ler acısı colloq. heartbreaking, heartrending, —ini açmak /a/ colloq. to bare one’s soul to. — i ağzına gelmek colloq. for one’s heart to miss/skip a beat, for one’s heart to leap into one’s mouth; (for s.o.) to get/have a fright, —ine ateş düşmek colloq. to suffer a grievous emotional blow. — i atmak 1. for one’s heart to beat. 2. colloq. to have one’s heart jump (for joy, with excitement/fear).
   —i bayılmak colloq. to be very hungry, be caving in. — i bozulmak /a/ colloq. to begin to think ill of (s.o.), no longer to trust (s.o.).
   —i cız etmek (—i cızlamak) to be suddenly overwhelmed by a flood of pity/compassion.
   —  çarpıntısı 1. palpitation of the heart. 2. agitation, anxiety. — i çarpmak 1. for one’s heart to palpitate/flutter. 2. colloq. for one’s heart to beat wildly with excitement, for one’s heart to race. — i dar colloq. impatient; restive, fidgety. — i dayanmamak /a/ colloq. to be unable to bear/stand. — i delik prov. troubled, —ine dert olmak colloq. (for s.t.) to be a source of pain and regret for (s.o.).
   —i dolu colloq. (s.o.) whose heart is full of bitterness over an old insult/wrong. — i ezilmek colloq. 1. to be very moved, for one’s heart to be wrenched. 2. to be very hungry, be caving in. — i ferahlamak colloq. to feel relieved, breathe easily/freely. — i geniş colloq. carefree, happy-go-lucky, easygoing. —i hop etmek (—i hoplamak) colloq. for one’s heart to miss/skip a beat, for one’s heart
yürek                                            980
   to leap into one’s mouth; (for s.o.) to get/ have a fright, -—ine inmek colloq. 1. (for a great sadness) to kill someone, deal someone a mortal blow. 2. to die then and there. 3.
   (for a sad event) to make someone suffer grievously, hit someone very hard, —ine işlemek Iml colloq. to wound/hurt (s.o.) deeply, cut (s.o.) to the quick. — i kabarmak colloq. 1. to feel sick at one’s stomach, feel nauseated. 2. for one’s heart to feel heavy; (for s.o.) to feel a tightness in his/her chest (owing to extreme sadness/suffering). — i kaldıramamak hi colloq. to be unable to bear/stand, —ini kaldırmak Iml colloq. to make (one’s) heart miss/skip a beat, give (one) a sudden fright. — i kalkmak colloq. to get excited/agitated, for one’s heart to begin to pound with excitement/agitation. — i kan ağlamak colloq. to be deeply grieved, —ine kar yağmak Iml colloq. to feel pangs of jealousy/envy. — karası colloq. 1. regret felt for a crime/a misdeed one has committed. 2. crime; misdeed. — i kararmak colloq. to be beset by a feeling of pessimism/ hopelessness, lose heart. —i katı colloq. hardhearted. — katılığı colloq. hardness of heart, hardheartedness. — i katılmak colloq. for one’s heart to feel so tight that one can’t breathe easily (after weeping). — i kopmak prov. 1. to be badly frightened, be scared out of one’s wits. 2. to be stricken with a sudden, v6ry sharp pain, —ine od düşmek colloq., see yüreği yanmak, —ine oturmak Iml colloq. 1. to plunge (s.o.) into deep sadness. 2. to affect one deeply, work its way into one.
   —i oynamak colloq. for one’s heart to miss/ skip a beat, for one’s heart to leap into one’s mouth; (for s.o.) to get/have a fright. — i parçalanmak (—i parça parça olmak) colloq. for one’s heart to be wrenched (upon seeing s.t. sad). —i pek colloq. 1. hardhearted. 2. fearless, stouthearted, —ini pek tutmak colloq. to be brave, keep up one’s courage.
   —i rahatlamak colloq. to feel relieved, breathe easily/freely. — Selanik /da/ joc. coward, chicken: Onda yürek Selanik! He’s a chicken !/He’s chicken-livered! —i serinlemek colloq. to feel a bit less sad. —i sıkılmak colloq. to feel depressed/bored. — i sızlamak colloq. to be very moved (by a pathetic sight), —ine (soğuk) su serpilmek colloq. to alleviate (one’s) sadness/anxiety/ depression; to make (one) feel better, lighten/ gladden (one’s) heart. —i sürmek prov. to have diarrhea. — i şişmek colloq. to feel very weary/bored/depressed (after having endured s.t. for a long time). —i temiz colloq. kindly, well-meaning. — i tükenmek (— tüketmek) colloq. to wear o.s. out (trying to explain s.t.).
   —  vermek /a/ colloq. to give (s.o.) courage, embolden. — i yağ bağlamak colloq. to feel very pleased (about), feel as pleased as Punch (about), —inin yağı erimek colloq. to be
                                                                                          yürürlük
   very sad/upset. —i yanık colloq. 1. (s.o.) whose heart is heavy with sorrow/anguish.
   2. (s.o.) who’s been smitten by a disaster/a calamity. — i yanmak colloq. 1. to be deeply grieved, feel deep grief. 2. to feel very sorry.
   3. to be smitten by a disaster/a calamity.
   —i yaralı colloq. (s.o.) whose heart is heavy with sorrow/anguish. — yarası colloq. source of deep sorrow/anguish. — i yarılmak colloq. to be badly frightened, be scared out of one’s wits. — i yerinden oynamak colloq. for one’s heart to miss/skip a beat, for one’s heart to leap into one’s mouth; (for s.o.) to get/have a fright, —ini yoklamak Iml colloq. to sound/feel (s.o.) out. — i yufka colloq. tenderhearted, compassionate.
yüreklendirme hi giving (s.o.) courage, emboldening.
yüreklendirmek hi to give (s.o.) courage, embolden, yüreklenme taking courage, yüreklenmek to take courage, yürekli brave, courageous, stouthearted, yüreklilik courageousness, stoutheartedness, yüreksiz fainthearted, cowardly, yüreksizlik faintheartedness, cowardliness. Yürük see Yörük.
yürük 1. fast, fleet, fleet-footed. 2. nomad. — semai classical Turk. mus. 1. an usul. 2. a form of vocal music sung just before the instrumental piece at the end of a fasıl, yürüme 1. walking. 2. marching. 3. (s.t.’s) moving/going forward, going on, advancing.
   4. making haste, hurrying, going quickly. 5. (s.t.’s) continuing or going on (in a certain manner). 6. (s.t.’s) going well, going as it should. 7. /a/ (soldiers’) marching on, advancing on (a place). 8. /la/ (a vehicle’s) running on, being powered by. 9. (a machine’s) functioning/working/running. 10. colloq. dying, passing away. 11. colloq. (s.t.’s) vanishing; (s.t.’s) being stolen, being swiped. 12. hi walking across, crossing. — bacakları zool. walking legs (of arthropods).
yürümek 1. to walk. 2. to march. 3. (for s.t.) to move/go forward, go on, advance. 4. to make haste, hurry, go quickly. 5. /a/ (for a tree’s sap) to rise: Dallara su yürümeye başladı. The sap’s begun to rise. 6. (for s.t.) to continue or go on (in a certain manner). 7. (for s.t.) to go well, go as it should. 8. (for interest on money) to accumulate. 9. /a/ (for soldiers) to march on, advance on (a place).
   10.    /la/ (for a vehicle) to run on, be powered by. 11. (for a machine) to function/work/run. 12. colloq. to die, pass away. 13. /a/ to go so far as to (do s.t.). 14. colloq. (for s.o.) to resign his/her job, quit. 15. colloq. (for s.t.) to vanish; (for s.t.) to be stolen, be swiped. 16. hi to walk across, cross. Yürü! colloq. Get going!/Get moving! yürünmek impersonal passive to walk, yürürlük (a law’s) being in force; validity. — e
yürüteç
981
    girmek (for a law) to go into effect, come into force, take effect. — e konmak to be brought/put into effect, be put into force.
    —te olmak to be in force, be in effect, yürüteç walker; baby walker, yürütme hi 1. having (s.o.) walk. 2. carrying out, performing, carrying on, doing, or making a go of (a job). 3. administering, applying, carrying out (a law/a decision); putting (a law) into force. 4. getting (s.t.) accepted.
    5. putting forward (a thought/a proposal). 6. colloq. removing (s.o.) (from his/her job); firing (s.o.). 7. colloq. stealing, lifting, pinching, Brit, nicking. 8. colloq. killing, bumping (s.o.) off. — gücü/erki law executive power.
    —      kurulu executive committee, yürütmek hi 1. to have (s.o.) walk. 2. to carry out, perform, carry on, do, or make a go of (a job). 3. to administer, apply, carry out (a law/a decision); to put (a law) into force. 4. to get (s.t.) accepted. 5. to put forward (a thought/a proposal). 6. colloq. to remove (s.o.) (from his/her job); to fire (s.o.). 7. colloq. to steal, lift, pinch, Brit. nick. 8. colloq. to kill, bump (s.o.) off. yürütüm execution, carrying out. yürüyen 1. (s.o.) who is walking; (an animal) that is walking. 2. person who is going on foot; walker. — merdiven escalator, moving staircase, moving stairway, yürüyüş 1. walking; way of walking, gait. 2. marching; way of marching. 3. walk (done for exercise). 4. march (especially one organized to protest/proclaim s.t.). — e çıkmak to go out for a walk. — yapmak 1. to go on a walk. 2. to hold a protest march; to hold a march to proclaim something, yüsrü 1. a black wood (used for making prayer beads). 2. made of yüsrü.
’yüz one hundred; hundred. — de yüz 1. one hundred percent, every bit, all: Bu evin yüzde yüzü senin. You own every inch of this house. 2. colloq. sure, certain, bound: Yusuf yüzde yüz gelir. Yusuf’s absolutely sure to come.
2yüz 1. face (of a person/an animal). 2. face (the front, exposed, finished, dressed, or otherwise specially prepared surface of s.t.): kumaşın yüzü the face of the cloth, dağın kuzey yüzü the north face of the mountain, binanın ön yüzü the building’s façade. paltonun yüzü the outer side of the coat. 3. surface: suyun yüzü the surface of the water.
    4. cloth which encloses the stuffing of a cushion/a pillow, case; mattress ticking; cloth used to cover a chair/a sofa, upholstery, upholstering. 5. sense of shame, shame: Sende hiç yüz yok mu? Don’t you possess any shame at all? Ne yüzle ondan böyle bir şey isteyebilirsin? How can you have the gall to ask her for such a thing? 6. side: ırmağın öte yüzünde on the other side of the river, problemin bu yüzü this aspect of the prob-
lem. 7. cutting edge, face (of a knife blade or other sharp tool). — ü açılmak colloq. for (a thing’s) beauty to become evident/apparent, begin to shine forth, —ünü ağartmak /m/ colloq. to give (s.o./o.s.) just cause for pride, do something that (s.o./one) can take pride in. — ü ak colloq. (s.o.) who has no cause to be ashamed, who has nothing to be ashamed of. — ü ak olsun! Bless him/her! (said to express gratitude), —ünün akıyla çıkmak /dan/ colloq. 1. to manage to finish (a job) with one’s honor unsullied. 2. to succeed in doing (a job) as it should be done, —ünden akmak /m/ colloq. (for s.t.) to be evident from the look on (s.o.’s) face; (for s.t.) to be evident from the way (s.o.) looks, be written all over (s.o.). — ü asılmak colloq. for a sour look or frown to come over (s.o.’s) face, —üne atmak /ı/ colloq. to return/refuse/reject (s.t.) insultingly, —üne bağırmak Iml to shout at (s.o.) angrily and rudely. — bağlamak prov. (for milk) to form cream, cream, —üne bakılacak gibi (—üne bakılır) colloq. not bad looking, of middling looks, —üne bakılmaz colloq. very ugly (person), —üne bakmamak Iml colloq. 1. not to pay attention to (s.o.). 2 not to speak to (s.o.) (because one is angry with him/her), —üne bakmaya kıyılmaz colloq. very beautiful. — bulmak colloq. to get presumptuous/ insolent/uppity (after having been treated kindly or indulged). — bulunca astar ister. colloq. If you give him/her an inch he’ll/ she’ll take a mile, —ünü buruşturmak colloq. to get a sour look on one’s face, —üne çarpmak /i, ml colloq., see yüzüne vurmak.
—  çevirmek /dan/ colloq. to break off relations with, have nothing more to do with (s.o.). — e çıkmak 1. to come to the surface.
2. colloq. to get presumptuous/insolent/ uppity, —ünün derisi kalın colloq. thick -skinned and brazen, brazenfaced, shameless, —ünden düşen bin parça olmak colloq. to wear a very sour face, —ünü ekşitmek colloq. to get a sour look on one’s face. — etmek prov. 1. /i, a/ to have someone who has given one a loan give (said loan) directly to (s.o. to whom one is in debt). 2. /i, a/ to have someone who owes one something give (said thing) directly to (s.o. to whom one is in debt). 3. hi to align (two things that are to be joined together); /i, a/ to align (one thing) with (another). — geri etmek colloq. to turn back; to retreat; to retrace one’s steps, —ünü gören cennetlik! colloq. 1. I haven’t seen you in a month of Sundays! 2. He’s/ She’s no more to be seen! (...) —ü görmek colloq. to experience, have: Yedi yıldır rahat yüzü görmedim. I haven’t had a moment’s peace for seven years now. O çocuk hayatında dert yüzü görmedi. That kid’s never had a worry in his life. — görümlüğü see yüzgörümlüğü. — görümü see yüzgörümü.
 2yüz
—   göstermek colloq. to happen, occur, take place. — göz (s.o.’s) whole/entire face. —ü gözü açılmak colloq. 1. to be informed about sex, learn about the birds and the bees, be clued in on what sex is all about. 2. to begin to understand what the world is really like, —ünü gözünü açmak Iml colloq. 1. to inform (s.o.) about sex, teach (s.o.) about the birds and the bees, clue (s.o.) in on what sex is all about. 2. to cause (s.o.) to begin to understand what the world is really like, —üne gözüne bulaştırmak III colloq. to make a complete mess of (s.t.), make a balls of (s.t.). — göz olmak /la/ colloq. to get to be on overly familiar terms with (s.o.). —Ü-nü güldürmek Iml colloq. to make (s.o.) happy; to please (s.o.). — ü gülmek colloq. to be happy; to be pleased, —üne gülmek Iml colloq. to smile at (s.o.) hypocritically, make an essentially false display of friendship towards (s.o.). — güzelliği hamamdan eve, öz güzelliği Urum’dan Şam’a, proverb 1. Physical beauty is transient, but a beautiful nature is lasting. 2. A person who has good looks may become renowned within a small circle, but a person who is known for goodness of character becomes well known far and wide. — ü güzel olanın huyu (da) güzel olur, proverb A person who has an attractive expression on his/her face usually turns out to be the possessor of an attractive personality. — kalıbı plaster mask of a person’s face. —ü kalmamak /a, karşı/ colloq. not to have the nerve/the gall to ask (s.o.) for something, —ünden kan damlamak colloq. to be very healthy and rosy-cheeked, be in the pink of health, —üne kan gelmek colloq. to recover one’s health and color. — ü kara colloq. (s.o.) who has something to be ashamed of, who has done something shameful. —ünü kara çıkarmak /in/ colloq. to shame/embarrass (s.o.) greatly (by discrediting him/her), —üne karşı Iml to (s.o.’s) face.
—ü kasap süngeriyle silinmiş colloq. thick -skinned and brazen, brazenfaced, shameless.
—   kızartıcı colloq. shameful, disgraceful, —ünü kızartmak colloq. 1. An/ to shame (s.o.). 2. to set aside one’s pride, forget about one’s pride (and do s.t. one considers to be beneath one). — kızdırmak colloq. to set aside one’s pride, forget about one’s pride (and do s.t. one considers to be beneath one), —ünden okumak h, in/ colloq. to read (s.t.) in (s.o.’s) face, understand how (a situation) is by looking at (s.o.’s) face. —ü pek colloq.
1. plainspoken, blunt, (s.o.) who unhesitatingly says what he/she thinks; (s.o.) who finds it easy to say no to a request. 2. thick -skinned and brazen, brazenfaced, shameless.
—den salma chem. desorption. —ü sıcak colloq. disarmingly attractive. — ü sirke satıyor. colloq. He’s/She’s got a look that’s as sour as vinegar. —ü soğuk colloq. repul-
                                                                                                   2yüz
sive, repellent, repugnant. —ü suyu hürmetine (—ü suyuna) An/ colloq. for the sake of, for (s.o.’s) sake. — surat davul derisi. colloq. He’s/She’s about as thick-skinned and brazen as they come. — surat hak getire. colloq. 1. He’s/She’s about as thick-skinned and brazen as they come. 2. He’s/She’s got a look that’s as sour as vinegar. 3. Her face is a disaster area (i.e. She hasn’t put on make-up, combed her hair, etc.). — surat mahkeme duvarı, colloq. He’s/She’s got a look that’s as sour as vinegar. — sürmek /a/ 1. to pay one’s humble respects to (a superior). 2. to make (s.o.) a very low bow. —ünü şeytan görsün! colloq. The devil take him/her! —ünde şeytan tüyü var. colloq. He’s/She’s got something about him/her that charms everybody. — e tutan chem. 1. (an) adsorbent. 2. adsorbent, adsorptive. — e tutma chem. adsorption. — tutmak /a/ to begin to (enter into a certain state): Ağaçlar yeşermeye yüz tuttu. The trees have begun to leaf out. Bina haraba yüz tuttu. The building is turning into a ruin. — ü tutmamak /a/ colloq. not to be shameless/brazen enough to, not to be so shameless that he/she can, not to have the nerve/the gall to (do s.t.).
—e tutunan chem. adsorbate. — verme arsız olur, az verme hırsız olur, proverb Avoid overindulgence and overstrictness when dealing with those whom you must supervise or look after; both are productive of harmful effects. — verince astar ister, colloqsee Yüz bulunca astar ister. — vermek /a/ colloq. to indulge, be indulgent to. — vurmak /a/ colloq. 1. to apply to. 2. to have recourse to, resort to, turn to. —üne vurmak /ı, m/ colloq. to reproach (s.o.) with (s.t.) to his/ her face; to accuse (s.o.) of (s.t.) to his/her face; to reproach (s.o.) sharply for (s.t.), cast (s.t.) in (s.o.’s) teeth. — yastığı pillow. — yazıcı prov. woman who puts make-up, spangles, and various small pieces of jewelry on a bride’s face. — ü yazılı kalmak colloq. (for s.t.) to remain unused/untouched, remain as it is. — yazısı prov. make-up, spangles, and various small pieces of jewelry put on a bride’s face, —ünü yazmak ’/in/ prov. to put make-up, spangles, and various small pieces of jewelry on (a bride’s) face. — ü yerde colloq. humble. —ü yere gelmek colloq. to feel ashamed for someone, feel ashamed on someone’s behalf, —ünü yere getirmek /in/ colloq. to shame, cause (s.o.) to feel shame.
—ü yok. /a/ colloq. 1. He’s/She’s not shameless enough (to do it)./He’s/She’s not brazen enough (to do it)./He/She hasn’t got the nerve/the gall (to do it). 2. He/She can’t resist (s.t.)./He’s/She’s got a weakness for (s.t.): Pokere yüzü yok. He can’t resist a game of poker. — ü yumuşak colloq. too kind to turn down a request. — yüze bakmak colloq. to be in the position of having frequently to
982
yüzakı
983
‘yüzme
    meet each other face to face. — yüze gelmek /la/ colloq. to meet (s.o.) face to face. — yüzden utanır, proverb 1. A person is more likely to accept your request if you make it to him/her in person. 2. People can solve their problems more easily when they can meet and discuss them face to face, yüzakı, -ni (/..) honor, good name, reputation for high standards of conduct, yüzaklığı, -ni (/...) see yüzakı. yüzbaşı, -yı (/..) mil. captain, yüzbaşılık (/...) mil. 1. captaincy (post/rank/ commission of a captain). 2. captainship, being a captain, yüzbeyüz (/..) colloq. face to face, yüzde 1. percent; percentage: yüzde elli indirim a fifty percent discount. Öğrencilerin yüzde beşi sınavı veremedi. Five percent of the students failed the test, faiz yüzdesi rate of interest, interest rate. 2. commission, percentage, cut (given to a middleman), yüzdelik 1. commission, percentage, cut (given to a middleman). 2. percentile, yüzden superficial.
’yüzdürme 1. /i, a/ having (s.o.) skin (an animal). 2. /i, a/ having (one person) swindle/ skin (another). 3. /i/ slang firing, giving (s.o.) the sack.
2yüzdürme 1. hi having/letting (s.o.) swim. 2. h! causing (s.t.) to float (on the water/in the air). 3. hi raising and refloating (a sunken ship). 4. chem., mining flotation, ’yüzdürmek 1. /i, a/ to have (s.o.) skin (an animal). 2. h, a/ to have (one person) swindle/ skin (another). 3. hi slang to fire, give (s.o.) the sack.
2yüzdürmek hi 1. to have/let (s.o.) swim. 2. to cause (s.t.) to float (on the water/in the air).
    3.    to raise and refloat (a sunken ship), yüzegelen colloq. prominent, important (people): yüzegelen kişiler big shots.
’yüzer a hundred each, a hundred apiece. — yüzer in groups of one hundred; one hundred at a time.
2yüzer (s.t.) which floats, floating: yüzer havuz floating dry dock, yüzer köprü floating bridge.
yüzergen chem. (an) adsorbent, yüzergezer amphibious vehicle, amphibian, yüzerik chem. adsorbate.
’yüzerlik prov., see üzerlik.
2yüzerlik (things) designed to hold one hundred things each: yüzerlik kitap kutuları boxes designed to hold one hundred books each, yüzerme chem., see yüzesoğurma. yüzertop, -pu (./.) mech. float (of a ball cock), yüzesoğurma (./...) chem. adsorption, yüzey 1. (a) surface. 2. geom. (a) plane. — gerilimi surface tension, yüzeysel 1. surface, superficial, pertaining to a surface. 2. superficial; shallow; cursory. — akış runoff (of precipitation). — akış erozyonu runoff erosion. — gizli görüntü phot.
   surface latent image, yüzeysellik superficiality, superficialness, yüzeytaş (./.) geol. volcanic rock, yüzgeç 1. fin (of a fish). 2. swimmer, natator.
   3.    natatorial (animal). 4. buoyant (thing), yüzgeçayaklilar (./....) zool. Pinnipedia. yüzgörümlüğü, -nü (/....) present given by a bridegroom to his bride after he has unveiled and seen her face for the first time, yüzgörümü, -nü (/...) see yüzgörümlüğü. yüzkarası, -nı (/...) disgrace; disgraceful person/situation/thing, yüzleme hi reproaching (s.o.) openly; accusing (s.o.) to his/her face, yüzlemece 1. done in the presence of the person concerned; face-to-face, direct. 2. (doing/saying s.t.) to his/her face, in his/her presence; face to face, yüzlemek hi to reproach (s.o.) openly; to accuse (s.o.) to his/her face, yüzlenmek to get impudent, insolent, uppity, sassy, or too big for one’s britches, yüzler used in: — basamağı math, hundred’s place, the place of hundred in a whole number.
yüzleşme meeting face to face; /la/ meeting (s.o.) face to face, yüzleşmece face to face, in each other’s presence.
yüzleşmek to meet face to face; /la/ to meet (s.o.) face to face, yüzleştirme hi having (two or more people) confront each other, having (two or more people) meet each other face to face; h, la/ confronting (one person) with (another), yüzleştirmek hi to have (two or more people) confront each other, have (two or more people) meet each other face to face; h, la/ to confront (one person) with (another): Türkân’ı, kendisini suçlayan adamla yüzleştirdiler. They confronted Türkân with her accuser.
’yüzlü (s.t.) which contains or is made up of one hundred people/things.
2yüzlü 1. (s.o.) who has (a certain kind of) face: güler yüzlü bir adam a man with a smiling face. 2. (mattress ticking, upholstery, etc.) which has (a certain color) or which is in (a certain condition). 3. colloq. impudent, insolent, uppity, uppish. — yüzlü prov. shamelessly.
’yüzlük 1. (s.t.) designed to hold one hundred things. 2. (s.o./s.t.) who has reached or is past the age of a hundred, centenarian. 3. (s.t.) worth one hundred liras. 4. (s.t.) weighing one hundred grams/kilos. 5. note worth one hundred liras. 6. math., see yüzler basamağı. 7. (a) centenarian.
2yüzlük 1. cloth suitable for use as mattress ticking, upholstery, or casing for a cushion/a pillow. 2. mask (worn over the face). !yüzme III 1. skinning, flaying (an animal). 2. colloq. swindling, skinning (s.o.).
2yüzme                                          984
2yüzme 1. swimming, natation. 2. floating, flotation. — bacakları zool. swimmerets, swimmerettes (of crustaceans). — havuzu swimming pool, Brit, swimming bath.
'yüzmek /ı/ 1. to skin, flay (an animal). 2. colloq. to swindle, skin (s.o.). yüzüp yüzüp kuyruğuna gelmek colloq. finally to be on the verge of finishing a long-drawn-out task. 2yüzmek 1. to swim. 2. to float (on water/in the air). 3. /içinde/ colloq. to be covered with, be thickly coated with, be thick with: Kitaplar toz içinde yüzüyor. The books are thick with dust. 4. /içinde/ colloq. to wallow in, swim in: Servet içinde yüzüyor. He’s wallowing in wealth. 5. /içinde/ colloq. (for a garment) to be much too big for one, swallow one: Bu paltonun içinde yüzüyorum. This coat swallows me. yüznumara (/...) toilet, john, Brit. loo. yüzölçümü, -nü (/...) area (in square meters, centimeters, etc.). yüzsuyu, -nu (/..) used in: — dökmek colloq.
   to plead in a demeaning way, grovel.
.yüzsüz shameless, brazenfaced, brazen, yüzsüzlük shamelessness, effrontery, brazenness, gall, nerve, chutzpah, hutzpah.
'yüzücü 1. skinner, flayer (of animals). 2. colloq. swindler, shark, sharper, sharpie.
2yüzücü swimmer, natator. yüzük ring (worn on a finger). — ü atmak (—ü geri çevirmek) to break off an engagement (to be married). — oyunu a parlor
                                                                                             yüzyıllık
   game somewhat similar to up Jenkins. — parmağı see yüzükparmağı. yüzükoyun (./..) (lying/falling) facedown, prone, pronely, prostrate, procumbent. — düşmek to fall flat on one’s face, yüzükparmağı, -m (./...) the finger next to the little finger; ring finger.
                                                         'yüzülme 1. (an animal’s) being skinned/flayed.
   2. colloq. being swindled/skinned.
2yüzülme swimming.
'yüzülmek 1. (for an animal) to be skinned, be flayed. 2. colloq. to be swindled, be skinned. 2yüzülmek impersonal passive to swim, yüzüncü hundredth, one hundredth, yüzünden because of, owing to; on account of. yüzüstü (/..) (lying/falling) facedown, prone, pronely, prostrate, procumbent. — bırakmak l\l colloq. 1. to leave (s.o.) in the lurch, leave (s.o.) sitting high and dry. 2. to leave (s.t.) unfinished, leave (s.t.) incomplete. — kalmak colloq. (for s.t.) to be left unfinished, be left incomplete, yüzyıl (/.) century (a period of one hundred years).
yüzyıllık (/..) (s.t.) which has lasted/continued for a century; (s.t.) which has lasted/continued for (a part of) a century; (s.t.) which has lasted for (a specified number of) centuries; one hundred-year-old, hundred-year -old: Altı yüzyıllık bir imparatorluk idi. It was an empire which lasted six centuries, yüzyıllık bir meşe a hundred-year-old oak.
z
Z the letter Z. — demiri/profili arch. Z iron, Z bar, Z beam, zaaf, -ı/za’fı 1. weakness; infirmity; debility. 2. /a/ weakness for, inability to resist: İçkiye za’fi var. He has a weakness for drink, zabıt, -ptı 1. minutes (of a meeting). 2. (written) proceedings (of a legislative assembly). 3. court record, transcript. 4. police report. — ceridesi obs. printed proceedings (of a legislative assembly). — kâtibi 1. keeper of the minutes (of a meeting). 2. person who records the proceedings (of a legislative assembly). 3. law court reporter. — tutmak 1. to take down the minutes (of a meeting). 2. to record the proceedings (of a legislative assembly/court of law). 3. (for a policeman) to write down a report, zabıta (—..) 1. a municipal police force charged with seeing that various laws and ordinances are observed, especially those dealing with prices, fair marketing, building construction, and sanitation. 2. police force, zabıtname (..—.) obs. 1. minutes (of a meeting); minute book. 2. (written) proceedings (of a legislative assembly). 3. court record, transcript. 4. police report, zabit, -ti (—.) 1. obs., mil. officer. 2. colloq.
   (s.o.) who knows how to get what he wants, zabitan (—.—) obs., mil. officers, zabitlik (—..) obs., mil. rank/duties of an officer; officership; being an officer, zaç, -çi vitriol; iron sulfate; zinc sulfate. —i Kıbrıs green vitriol, ferrous sulfate, zaçyağı, -m (/..) oil of vitriol, sulfuric acid, zadegân (—) obs. the elite; the upper crust; aristocrats.
zafer victory, triumph. — işareti V sign. — kazanmak to win a victory. — takı arch, triumphal arch, zafiyet, -ti (—..) weakness; infirmity; debilitation, debility, zagon slang way, method, solution, zağ prov. burr, rough edge (on a metal blade), zağanos zool. an eagle owl (used to hunt game), Bubo.
zağar terrier (a kind of dog), zağara obs. piece of fur cut to be sewn on the collar of a garment, zağlama hi prov. burring, removing the burr from.
zağlamak hi prov. to burr, remove the burr from.
zağlanma prov. being burred, removal of the
    burr from.
zağlanmak prov. to be burred, for the burr to be removed from, zağlı prov. (blade) from which the burr has been removed, sharp, keen, zahife (—..) obs., zool. reptile, zahifeler (—...) obs., zool. Reptilia. zahip (—.) /a/ ob's. (s.o.) who gets the mistaken idea/impression that .... — olmak /a/ to get the mistaken idea/impression that ....
’zahir (—.) 1. clear, evident. 2. outer appearance. 3. apparently, it seems that ...: Yanılmışım zahir. Apparently I’m mistaken. 4. certainly, of course. — de outwardly; to all appearances.
2zahir (.—) obs. helper, supporter, backer. — olmak /a/ to help, aid. zahire (.—.) 1. stock of grain. 2. stock of foodstuffs, stores, provisions. — ambarı 1. granary. 2. storehouse for foodstuffs, —nin ambarı sabanın ucundadır, proverb 1. If you want a good harvest, you’ve got to make sure you plow your fields well. 2. If you want to do a job well, you’ve got to buckle down and work hard at it. zahiren (—'..) obs. outwardly; to all appearances.
zahiri (—.—) obs. 1. external, outward. 2. artificial, feigned, pretended, zahit (—.) obs. 1. (s.o.) who shuns the world and its pleasures to devote himself to worship and pious works, ascetic. 2. person who shuns the world and its pleasures to devote himself to worship and pious works, (an) ascetic.
zahmet, -ti trouble, difficulty, inconvenience. — çekmek to have trouble/difficulty. — e değmek (for s.t.) to be worth the trouble (it takes to do it). —e değmez, colloq. It’s not worth the trouble. — etmek 1. to put o.s. out, inconvenience o.s. 2. /a, kadar/ to take the trouble to come/go to, be so kind as to come/ go to (a place): Büroma kadar zahmet ederseniz vaziyeti size anlatırım. If you’ll be so kind as to come to my office, I’ll explain the situation to you. — etmeyin! Don’t go to any trouble !/Don’t put yourself out! — e girmek to put o.s. out, inconvenience o.s. — olmazsa .... if it doesn’t put you out .../if it doesn’t put you to any trouble .../if it doesn’t inconvenience you .... —e sokmak h! to put (s.o.) to trouble, trouble, put (s.o.) out, inconvenience. — vermek /a/
zahmetli
986
zamanlı
   to inconvenience, trouble, put (s.o.) out. zahmetli hard/troublesome/difficult/onerous/ trying.
zahmetsiz 1. easy, not difficult/onerous/trying.
   2.  easily, without difficulty. — rahmet olmaz. proverb If you want to achieve a good result, you’ve got to put out some effort to get it.
zahmetsizce (../.) easily, without difficulty, zaif see zaaf.
zaika (—..) obs. the sense of taste, gustation, zail (—.) obs. (s.t.) which will vanish/disappear, transitory, transient; evanescent. — etmek h! to get rid of. — olmak to disappear, cease to exist, pass, zair (—.) obs. 1. visitor; caller. 2. pilgrim. Zaire (—..) 1. Zaire. 2. Zairean, Zairian, of Zaire.
Zaireli (—...) 1. (a) Zairean, (a) Zairian. 2.
   Zairean, Zairian (person), zait (—.) obs. l. unnecessary. 2. math, plus: İki zait iki müsavi dört. Two plus two equals four. — işareti math, plus sign, zakkum bot. oleander, rosebay, Nerium oleander.
zakkumgiller bot. Apocynaceae. zalim (—.) 1. unjust; oppressive, tyrannical. 2. cruel, unfeeling, heartless. 3. oppressor, tyrant.
zalimane (—.— .) 1. unjust/oppressive/tyrannous/tyrannical (thing). 2. cruel/unfeeling/ heartless (thing). 3. unjustly; oppressively; tyrannically. 4. cruelly, unfeelingly, heartlessly.
zalimlik (—..) 1. unjustness; injustice; oppressiveness; oppression; tyrannicalness; tyranny.
   2.  cruelness; cruelty; unfeelingness, heartlessness.
zam, -mmı 1. price increase: Şekere yüzde otuz zam yapıldı. The price of sugar has been increased by thirty percent. 2. increase, increment (added to one’s salary). 3. additional charge, surcharge. — gelmek /a/ for the price (of s.t.) to be increased: Kahveye zam geldi. The price of coffee has been raised.
   —      görmek 1. (for s.o.) to get an increase in salary. 2. (for s.t.) to be increased in price, zaman 1. time: Zaman nehir gibi akıyor. Time flows like a river. Bana zaman lazım. I need time. Nazan’m zamanı az. Nazan has little time to spare. ışık söndürme zamanı lights -out. 2. time, season: Kiraz zamanı geldi. Cherries are now in season. 3. age, era, epoch: zamanın âlimleri the learned men of the age. 4. (a person’s) youth/prime; the time when one was engaged in a particular activity: Benim zamanımda bu işyerinin yönetim biçimi bambaşkaydı. This office was run quite differently in my time. 5. the right time/the time appointed (to do s.t.): Artık bu işin zamanı geldi. It’s now the right time to do this job. 6. free time: Bugün hiç zamanım yok. I’ve no free time today. 7 gram.
   tense. 8. mus. time, meter, rhythm. 9. geol. era. 10. when: Gizem geldiği zaman when Gizem comes/when Gizem came, —mda at the proper time, at the right time, —la with time, as time passes/passed. — belirteci gram, adverb of time. — bırakmak /a/ to set aside time for, leave time for (s.t.). — birimi unit of time. — eki gram, temporal suffix (for a verb). —ı geçmek 1. to be out of date, be outmoded. 2. (for s.t.) to expire, become void as a result of the passage of time. 3. (for a fruit/a vegetable) no longer to be in season. 4. (for an activity) no longer to be appropriate to the time of year. 5. (for s.t.) to be of no use (because it’s too late): Özür dilemenin zamanı geçti artık. It’s now too late to apologize. — kazanmak 1. to save time. 2. (for s.o.) to gain time. — kollamak colloq. to be on the lookout for a suitable opportunity, bide one’s time. — öldürmek colloq. to kill time. — sana uymazsa sen zamana uy. proverb If the times don’t conform to you, then you should conform to the times, —a uymak to conform to the age in which one lives, move with the times, keep in step with the times. — vermek /a/ to set aside time (for) (s.t.). — zaman from time to time, occasionally, every now and then, every now and again, every so often.
   —      zarfı gram, adverb of time, zaman (.—) obs., law guaranteeing to replace or make a pecuniary compensation for (s.t.) in case of loss/damage. — altına almak fil to ensure that (s.t.) is guaranteed against loss/ damage.
zamanaşımı, -m (./...) law 1. prescription. 2. limitation, time limit. — na uğramak to become invalid after a period of time has elapsed.
zamandaş 1. contemporaneous; synchronous. 2.
    isochronal, isochronous, zamandaşlık 1. contemporaneity, contemporaneousness; synchronism, synchronicity. 2. isochronism. zamandizin (./..) 1. chronological sequence/ table/list; chronology. 2. astrometry, zamandizinsel (./...) 1. chronological, chronologic. 2. astrometric, astrometrical. zamane (.—.) today, the present age (usually used disparagingly!disapprovingly): Bu zamane gençlerini anlamıyorum. I don’t understand these kids of today, zamane hastalığı mal du siecle. zamanlama hi 1. timing (s.t.) well, finding a very appropriate time for (s.t.) to take place.
    2.    arranging a time schedule for (s.t.). zamanlamak hi 1. to time (s.t.) well, find a very appropriate time for (s.t.) to take place.
    2.    to arrange a time schedule for (s.t.). zamanlı timely, well-timed. — zamansız colloq. (doing s.t.) without considering whether or not it is the proper time to do it: Zamanlı zamansız bana uğrar. He drops in to see
zamansız
   me at absolutely any time he feels like it. zamansız untimely, not well-timed, zamazingo (../.) slang mistress, paramour, zambak bot. lily, Lilium. zambakgiller bot. Liliaceae.
Zambiya (/..) 1. Zambia. 2. Zambian, Zambia, of Zambia.
Zambiyali (/...) 1. (a) Zambian. 2. Zambian (person).
zamime (.—.) obs. something added, addition;
   addendum; supplement, zamimeten (.— '..) obs. as an addition; as an addendum; as a supplement; additionally; supplementarily, supplementally. zâmin (—.) obs., law guarantor, zamin (.—) obs., law, see zâmin. zamir 1. obs. (s.o.’s) inner being, inner self, heart, mind. 2. obs. hidden aim, secret aim.
   3.    gram, pronoun, zamk, -ki 1. gum, natural resin, gum resin, or oleoresin (of a tree). 2. glue; paste, zamkinos slang l.*thingamajig, thingamabob, what-do-you-call-it. 2. mistress, paramour. 3. running away, beating it. — etmek (—u çekmek) slang to run away, beat it, make tracks, zamklama /ı/ 1. gluing; pasting; fastening (s.t.) together with glue/paste. 2. coating/smearing (s.t.) with glue/paste, zamklamak hi 1. to glue; to paste; to fasten (s.t.) together with glue/paste. 2. to coat/ smear (s.t.) with glue/paste, zamklanma 1. being glued; being pasted; being fastened together with glue/paste. 2. being coated/smeared with glue/paste, zamklanmak 1. to be glued; to be pasted; to be fastened together with glue/paste. 2. to be coated/smeared with glue/paste, zamklı 1. glued; pasted; held together with glue/ paste. 2. gummed, coated/smeared with gum: zamklı etiketler gummed labels, zammetme (/..) /ı, a/ obs. adding/annexing (one thing) to (another), zammetmek (/..) /ı, a/ obs. to add/annex (one thing) to (another), zampara 1. womanizer, woman chaser, skirt chaser. 2. (s.o.) who is a womanizer/a woman chaser/a skirt chaser, woman-chasing, skirt -chasing.
zamparalık chasing after women, skirt chasing.
   —     etmek to chase after women, zan, -nm 1. supposition, surmise, conjecture, guess. 2. doubt; suspicion. — altında bulunmak to be under suspicion, zanaat, -ti craft, trade, zanaatçı craftsman.
zangırdama 1. rattling, making a rattling noise.
   2. violent trembling/shaking (of one’s body).
   3.    chattering (of one’s teeth), zangırdamak 1. to rattle, make a rattling noise.
   2.    (for s.o.) to tremble/shake violently. 3. (for one’s teeth) to chatter, zangırdatma l\l 1. rattling, causing (s.t.) to rattle. 2. causing (s.o.) to tremble/shake violent-
987                                         zaptetme
        ly. 3. causing (one’s teeth) to chatter, zangırdatmak hi 1. to rattle, cause (s.t.) to rattle. 2. to cause (s.o.) to tremble/shake violently. 3. to cause (one’s teeth) to chatter, zangırtı 1. rattle, rattling noise. 2. violent trembling/shaking (of one’s body). 3. chattering (of one’s teeth), zangır zangır (./ ..) 1. (shaking) with a rattle, rattlingly. 2. (s.o.’s shaking/trembling) violently. 3. (teeth’s chattering) violently, zangoç sexton, custodian, caretaker (of a church). — gibi başına dikilmek (— gibi başında durmak) /m/ slang to stand over (s.o.), watch (s.o.) very closely, breathe down (s.o.’s) neck, zangoçluk sextonship, custodianship (of a church); being a sexton, zani (— —) obs. 1. (male) adulterer; (male) fornicator. 2. (man) who commits adultery/ fornication.
      zaniye (—..) obs. 1. adulteress; fornicatrix. 2.
        (woman) who commits adultery/fornication, zanka (/.) sleigh drawn by a pair of horses, two-horse sleigh, zanlı law 1. suspect; the accused, person charged with an offense. 2. (s.o.) who is a suspect; (s.o.) charged with an offense; /dan/ (s.o.) who is suspected of or charged with (an offense), zannetme (/..) hi supposing, thinking, imagining, believing, guessing, reckoning, zannetmek (/..) hi to suppose, think, imagine, believe, guess, reckon. Zannedersem .... I think/imagine/believe that ...: Zannedersem kitabın fiyatı iki milyon lira. I think the book costs two million liras. Zannedersem
        0 bugün gelmeyecek. He won’t come today,
        1 reckon.
      zaparta (./.) colloq. broadside, lambasting.
        —yı yemek to get a good lambasting, zaping, -gi TV, see zapping, zaplama TV zapping, zaplamak 7V to zap.
      zapping, -gi TV zapping. — yapmak TV to zap. zapt, -ti 1. bringing (s.o./s.t.) under control; restraining: Kendini zapta çalıştı. He tried to control himself. 2. gaining control of, capturing (a place) (by force). 3. law confiscation/impoundment/seizure/distraint (of s.t.) (by a public authority). 4. wrongful seizure (of property). 5. taking (s.t.) down, recording (s.t.) (in writing). 6. fixing/implanting/keeping (s.t.) in one’s mind. 7. grasping, understanding. — etmek hi see zaptetmek, zaptetme (/..) hi 1. bringing (s.o./s.t.) under control; restraining. 2. gaining control of, capturing (a place) (by force). 3. law confiscation/impoundment/seizure/distraint (of s.t.) (by a public authority). 4. wrongful seizure (of property). 5. taking (s.t.) down, recording (s.t.) (in writing). 6. fixing/implanting/keeping (s.t.) in one’s mind. 7. grasping, understanding.
zaptetmek
988
zaruret
zaptetmek (/..) lıl 1. to bring (s.oJs.t.) under control; to restrain. 2. to gain control of, capture (a place) (by force). 3. law (for a public authority) to confiscate/impound/seize/dis-train (s.t.). 4. to seize (s.t.) wrongfully. 5. to take (s.t.) down, record (s.t.) (in writing). 6. to fix/implant/keep (s.t.) in one’s mind. 7. to grasp, understand, zaptiye Ott. hist. 1. zaptieh, nationwide police force, gendarmerie. 2. zaptieh, policeman, gendarme.
zapturapt, -ti 1. discipline. 2. law and order, order. — altına almak hi 1. to secure discipline in (a place). 2. to secure law and order in, secure order in (a place).
*zar 1. anat., bot., zool. membrane, pellicle; diaphragm. 2. chem. membrane, diaphragm.
   3. obs. curtain (used to partition a room or in place of a door). 4. obs. garment which envelops a woman from head to foot (worn to conceal her from the gaze of men). 5. obs. toile (a thin cloth). — gibi 1. membranous.
   2. colloq. very thin, gossamer.
2zar 1. die (thrown when playing games of chance). 2. slang feeling of well-being, pleasant mood. — atmak to throw a die or dice, —mı bozmak Iml 1. (for s.o. who’s watching a game of backgammon) to bring bad luck to (the person whom he’s/she’s sitting beside). 2. (for one player) covertly tq meddle with (his opponent’s) dice (after they’ve been thrown). — gelmek 1. for the dice to fall as one wants them to. 2. colloq. to be having a run of good luck. — ı kaçmak slang to get out of spirits, no longer to be happy. — tutmak to manipulate the dice so that they fall as one wants them to. zarafet, -ti (.—.) 1. elegance; tastefulness; refinement; grace, gracefulness. 2. elegance, graciousness, refinement, polish (in s.o.’s action/manner/style). 3. delicacy coupled with appropriateness (in speech/writing), zarar 1. damage, injury, detriment, harm. 2. com. loss, —i dokunmak /a/ to harm, be harmful to, have a harmful effect on. — etmek 1. to lose money. 2. to make a wrong move, do something to one’s detriment. 3. /a/ to damage, injure, harm. — gelmek /dan/ (for s.o.) to suffer at the hands of; to be wronged by; to be treated unjustly by: Fevzi’den zarar gelmez. No harm’ll come your way from Fevzi. — görmek 1. /dan/ to be damaged/injured/harmed by. 2. to suffer loss, —m neresinden dönülse kârdır, proverb If you find yourself in a situation where you can’t seem to get ahead no matter what you do, the only profitable step you can take is to extricate yourself from the whole thing as soon as possible. — ma satmak hi to sell (s.t.) at a loss, —a sokmak hi to cause (s.o./ a place of business) to suffer loss/damage.
   —  vermek /a/ to damage, injure, harm. — ı yok. colloq. It doesn’t matter./Never mind./
   That’s okay ./Forget it. zararına (.—..) 1. /In/ to (one’s) disadvantage.
   2. (selling s.t.) at a loss.
zararlı harmful, injurious, detrimental; noxious.
   —      çıkmak to end up suffering harm/injury/ detriment; to end up a loser; /dan/ to come out of (s.t.) a loser, zararsız 1. harmless; innocuous. 2. colloq. not so bad, pretty good; passable, okay; ordinary, zarf 1. envelope (for a letter, etc.). 2. metal sleeve designed to hold a coffee cup/a glass.
   3. gram, adverb. 4. case, receptacle: saat zarfı watchcase. —mda in the space of/ within/during (a period of time): bu müddet zarfında during this period of time, iki saat zarfında within two hours.
zarfçı colloq. robber who leaves an envelope in a lonely spot as bait and then either robs or attempts to blackmail the person who comes along and picks it up. zarflama hi putting (s.t.) into an envelope, zarflamak hi to put (s.t.) into an envelope, zarflanma being put into an envelope, zarflanmak to be put into an envelope, zargana (./.) zool. needlefish, gar, garfish, Bel-one belone.
zarif 1. elegant; tasteful; refined; graceful. 2. elegant, gracious, refined, polished (action/ manner/style). 3. subtly witty, zariflik 1. elegance; tastefulness; refinement; grace, gracefulness. 2. elegance, graciousness, refinement, polish (in an action/a manner/a style). 3. subtle wit. zarilenmek (—...) prov. 1. to moan and groan.
   2.     to sob bitterly, cry one’s heart out. zarizar (—.—) used in: — olmak obs. 1. to moan and groan. 2. to sob bitterly, cry one’s heart out.
zari zari (— / —.) (moaning/lamenting/sobbing/ weeping) bitterly, zarkanatlilar (/....) zool. Hymenoptera. zarp 1. prov. severity, violence, force, fury: fırtınanın zarbı the violence of the storm. 2. obs. striking, hitting; (a) blow. 3. obs., math. multiplication. 4. obs., math, times: Beş zarp beş müsavi yirmi beş. Five times five equals twenty five. — etmek hi obs. 1. to strike, hit. 2. /i, a/ math, to multiply (one number) by (another). — musluğu main valve (of a water pipe), zarplı prov. 1. powerful, strong. 2. severe, violent.
zarsı (s.t.) which resembles a membrane, membranous, membraneous, zarta (/.) slang fart, poop. —yı çekmek 1. to fart, poop, break wind. 2. to die, kick the bucket.
                                                            zartçı slang big talker, windbag, zart zurt, -tu colloq. bluster, loud but empty talk. — etmek colloq. to bluster, zaruret, -ti (.—.) 1. absolute necessity, essentiality, vitalness; indispensability; imperativeness. 2. unavoidability; inevitability, inescap-
zaruri                                             989
    ableness; ineluctability. 3. extreme poverty, destitution.
zaruri (.— —) 1. absolutely necessary, requisite, essential, vital; indispensable; mandatory, imperative. 2. unavoidable; inevitable; inescapable; ineluctable. 3. of necessity, willy-nilly, whether one wants to or not. zar zor (/ .) colloq. 1. unwillingly, reluctantly.
    2.    with difficulty. 3. by force, forcibly, zat, -ti (—) 1. person, individual. 2. obs. essence, heart, core: zat-ı mesele the heart of the matter. — ı âlileri/—ı âliniz You (occasionally used in very formal situations, but more often used jocularly/sarcastically). — işleri matters pertaining to personnel, —a mahsus private, personal.
                              zaten (—'.) 1. anyway, anyhow, at any rate, in any case, in any event. 2. in fact, as a matter of fact, in reality. 3. already, zati (— —) 1. personal, private. 2. inherent, intrinsic, essential. — eşya law personal effects.
zati (—.) colloq., see zaten, zatülcenp path, pleurisy, zatürree (—...) path, pneumonia, zavahir (.—.) obs., see zevahir.
zavallı (/..) 1. poor, miserable, pitiful, deserving of pity. 2. helpless, powerless. Z—! colloq.
    Poor man!/Poor woman !/Poor kid!/Poor thing!
                              zavallılık (/...) 1. misery, wretchedness, pitifulness; miserable state, pitiful state. 2. helplessness, powerlessness, zaviye 1. obs. corner; nook. 2. geom. angle. 3. angle, point of view, viewpoint. 4. a small dervish lodge, zaviyevi (—..—) obs. angular, of or relating to an angle. — sürat phys. angular velocity, zayıf 1. weak, not strong; frail; puny; faint, feeble. 2. thin, meager; scrawny; emaciated.
    3. poor, inferior in quality: Italyaneası zayıf.
    His Italian is not very good. 4. poor, weak, lacking skill/knowledge: zayıf bir ressam a third-rate painter. 5. slim, small, unlikely (possibility). — almak /dan/ (for a student) to get a failing grade (in) (a subject). — düşmek colloq. 1. to get thin; to get scrawny.
    2. to get weak. — nahif frail and thin. — nokta weak point, vulnerable point, Achilles’ heel.
zayıflama 1. getting thin; getting scrawny. 2. slimming down, losing weight. 3. getting weak. 4. (a possibility’s) becoming unlikely.
    5.    (s.t.’s) getting poor, going downhill, declining in quality, zayıflamak 1. to get thin; to get scrawny. 2. to slim down, lose weight. 3. to get weak. 4.
                              (for a possibility) to become unlikely. 5. (for s.t.) to get poor, go downhill, decline in quality: Almancam zayıfladı. My German has gotten shaky, zayıflatma hi 1. causing (s.o./an animal) to get thin/scrawny. 2. causing (s.o.) to slim down,
                                                                                           zedeleme
                                                           causing (s.o.) to lose weight. 3. weakening.
   4. making (a possibility) unlikely. 5. causing (s.t.) to get poor, causing (s.t.) to go downhill, causing (s.t.) to decline in quality.
zayıflatmak hi 1. to cause (s.o./an animal) to get thin/scrawny. 2. to cause (s.o.) to slim down, cause (s.o.) to lose weight. 3. to weaken. 4. to make (a possibility) unlikely.
   5. to cause (s.t.) to get poor, cause (s.t.) to go downhill, cause (s.t.) to decline in quality.
zayıflık 1. weakness, lack of strength; frailness; puniness; faintness, feebleness. 2. thinness, meagerness; scrawniness; emaciation. 3. poorness, inferior quality. 4. poorness, lack of skill/knowledge. 5. slimness, smallness, unlikeliness (of a possibility), zayi, -ii (—.) obs. 1. lost. 2. loss. — etmek hi to lose. — olan koyunun kuyruğu büyük olur, proverb, see Kaybolan koyunun kuyruğu büyük olur. — olmak to be lost, zayiat, -tı (—..) obs. 1. casualties, losses (of human life). 2. losses. 3. loss, damage, wastage. — vermek to suffer casualties, suffer losses (of human life), zayiçe (—..) obs. 1. horoscope. 2. ephemeris, astronomical almanac/table, —sine bakmak imi to cast (s.o.’s) horoscope, zeamet, -ti (.— .) hist, a large timar. zebani (.—.) 1. fearsome being charged with taking condemned sinners to hell. 2. colloq. pitiless myrmidon; hellhound; fury, zebanzet obs. commonly used, popular, or vernacular (word/phrase), zebella (..—) colloq. 1. big and frightening person, ogre. 2. big and frightening, ogreish, ogrish (person). — gibi big and frightening, ogreish, ogrish (person), zebercet chrysolite, zebir zool., see zebra, zebra (/.) zool. zebra, Equus zebra. zebu (/.) zool. zebu, Bos indicus. zebun obs. weak, helpless, powerless. — u olmak imi 1. to become the victim of, become the prey of. 2. (for s.o. madly in love) to be the toy of (the person he’s/she’s in love with).
   3.    to be hopelessly in love with, zebunküş (s.o.) who oppresses the weak and the helpless, zebunlaşma becoming weak/helpless/powerless.
zebunlaşmak to become weak/helpless/powerless.
Zebur the Book of Psalms (in the Bible), zecir, -eri obs. 1. forcing, force, constraint, coercion, compulsion. 2. suppression. 3. oppression.
                                                        zecren (/.) obs. 1. by force, by constraint, by coercion, by compulsion. 2. by suppression.
   3.    by oppression, zecri (.—) obs. coercive, forcible; compelling: zecri tedbirler coercive measures, zecri sebepler compelling reasons, zedeleme hi 1. bruising. 2. injuring; damaging;
zedelemek
 990
zemin
   harming.
zedelemek lıl 1. to bruise. 2. to injure; to damage; to harm, zedelenme 1. being bruised. 2. being injured/ damaged/harmed, zedelenmek 1. to be bruised. 2. to be injured;
   to be damaged; to be harmed.
'zefir (.—) obs., med. exhalation, expiration. 2zefir zephyr (a lightweight cotton fabric), zehap (.—) obs. mistaken belief/idea/impression. ~ma kapdmak to get the mistaken idea/impression that: Selime’nin Cevat’ı sevdiği zehabına kapddi. She got the mistaken idea that Selime liked Cevat. zehir, -hri 1. poison, toxic substance, toxic; venom. 2. colloq. very clever, crack, crackerjack.
   —     gibi colloq. 1. very hot/pungent/peppery/ biting (to the taste): zehir gibi bir biber a very hot pepper. 2. very bitter (in taste). 3. sharp, biting (cold). 4. very clever, crack, crackerjack. 5. extremely, very, to the nth degree. — zikkim/zakkum/zemberek colloq. 1. very hurtful (words). 2. deep and rueful (sigh). 3. very bitter (tears). — zıkkım olsun! colloq. May he/she/you choke (to death) on it! zehirleme hi 1. poisoning. 2. colloq. filling (s.o.’s) mind with harmful ideas, poisoning (s.o.’s) mind, zehirlemek /ıl 1. to poison. 2. colloq. to fill (s.o.’s) mind with harmful ideas, poison (s^o.’s) mind, zehirlenme 1. being poisoned. 2. colloq. (of s.o.’s mind) being filled with harmful ideas/ being poisoned, zehirlenmek 1. to be poisoned. 2. colloq. (for s.o.’s mind) to be filled with harmful ideas/ be poisoned, zehirli 1. poisonous, toxic; venomous. 2. poisoned, (s.t.) to which poison has been added, (s.t.) which has been poisoned, zehirsiz 1. nonpoisonous, nontoxic; non venomous. 2. unpoisoned, (s.t.) to which poison has not been added, (s.t.) which has not been poisoned.
zehretme (/..) Ill taking all the pleasure out of (s.t.), making (s.t. pleasant) very distasteful; /i, a/ taking all the pleasure out of (s.t.) for (s.o.), making (s.o.) hate (s.t.) he/she formerly delighted in. zehretmek (/..) lıl to take all the pleasure out of (s.t.), make (s.t. pleasant) very distasteful; /i, a/ to take all the pleasure out of (s.t.) for (s.o.), make (s.o.) hate (s.t.) he/she formerly delighted in. zehrolma (/..) /a/ (of s.t. pleasant) becoming very distasteful to (s.o.); (of s.t. looked forward to with pleasure) turning out to be very distasteful to (s.o.). zehrolmak (/..) /a/ (for s.t. pleasant) to become very distasteful to (s.o.); (for s.t. looked forward to with pleasure) to turn out to be very distasteful to (s.o.).
zekâ (.—) 1. intelligence, intellect. 2. acumen, mental acuteness. — bölümü IQ, intelligence quotient. — geriliği mental retardation. — testi intelligence test. — yaşı mental age. zekât, -ti (.-—) Islam 1. distribution of one fortieth of one’s income as alms (one of the five pillars of the Islamic faith). 2. the one fortieth of one’s income distributed as alms, zekâvet, -ti (.—.) obs. acumen, mental acuteness, zeker anat. penis, zekeriya (...—) slang penis, tool, zeki (.—) 1. intelligent. 2. sharp, clever, acute, quick-witted, bright, zeklenme /la/ making fun of, ridiculing, zeklenmek /la/ to make fun of, ridicule, zelil (.—) obs. despicable, very contemptible, zelve prov. bow, oxbow (of an ox yoke), zelzele earthquake.
zem, -mmi obs. speaking ill of, finding fault with, disparagement, zemberek 1. mainspring (of a watch/a clock).
   2.    spring hinge (of a swinging door). — i boşalmak/ boşanmak /in/ colloq. to be seized by a fit of laughter, zemberekli 1. (watch/clock) that has been fitted with a mainspring; windup, spring-driven (toy, phonograph, etc.). 2. swinging/swing (door). — kapı swinging door, swing door, zembil (pliable) shopping bag, tote bag (made of woven reeds), zembilotu, -nu (./..) bot. quaking grass, quake grass, Briza. zemheri the coldest part of winter, the dead of winter (the forty days between 22 December and 30 January). — de kar/yağmur yağmadan kan/zehir yağması iyi. proverb Rain or snow in late December and in January is bad for the farmer as he needs to plow his fields at this time. — de sür de çalı ile sür. proverb A farmer should make sure he gets his fields plowed in late December or in January. —de yoğurt isteyen cebinde bir inek taşır. proverb If you want something that’s difficult to get, you’ve got to be willing to go to the trouble it takes to get it. — zürafası colloq. person who goes around wearing light clothes in the dead of winter, zemin 1. ground, earth. 2. floor. 3. ground on which a building rests. 4. ground floor (of a multistory building). 5. ground, background: beyaz zemin üzerine mavi yollar blue stripes on a white ground. 6. basis, ground.
   7. subject, topic: bu zeminde on this subject.
   8. conditions, circumstances: Buna zemin henüz müsait değil. The conditions aren’t yet right for this. — etüdü evaluation of the soil (of a site where construction is planned); soil survey. — hazırlamak /a/ to lay the groundwork (for). — katı ground floor. — mekaniği soil mechanics. — suyu groundwater. — ve zamana uygun suited to both the place and the time.
zeminlik
991
zevahir
zeminlik prov. underground shelter, zemmetme (/..) hJ obs. speaking ill of, disparaging.
zemmetmek (/..) hi obs. to speak ill of, disparage.
zemzem 1. Zamzam (a famous well very near the Kaaba in Mecca). 2. water from Zamzam.
    —     kuyusuna işemek colloq. to do something monstrous merely to acquire notoriety. — suyu water from Zamzam. (... yanında) —le yıkanmış olmak Iml colloq. to be an angel compared to (s.o. else) (said when comparing two people, both of whom are scoundrels). zemzeme obs. 1. harmonious murmur. 2. chanting. 3. singing, zenberek see zemberek, zenbil see zembil.
zencefil 1. ginger (as a spice). 2. bot. ginger, Zingiber. zencefilgiller bot. Zingiberaceae. zencefre see zincifre.
zencerek a design used to decorate the borders of an illuminated manuscript, zencerf see zincifre.
zenci 1. (a) Black, Black person. 2. Black, of or relating to Black people, zendost, -tu obs. 1. womanizer, skirt chaser. 2. very fond of women; (s.o.) who chases after women.
Zengibar 1. Zanzibar. 2. of Zanzibar. Zengibarlı 1. (a) Zanzibari. 2. Zanzibari (person).
zengin 1. rich, wealthy, affluent, opulent. 2. rich, productive, fertile. 3. rich in, abounding in, amply supplied with: zengin bir kitaplık a library which contains a large collection of books, zengin bir dil a language with an extensive vocabulary, zengin bir altm daman a rich vein of gold. 4. rich, sumptuous, costly and gorgeous. 5. rich person. — arabasını dağdan aşırır, züğürt düz ovada yolunu şaşırır. proverb A rich person can do unimaginable things, whereas a poor person has difficulty accomplishing a seemingly easy task, —in horozu bile yumurtlar, proverb A rich person can turn a profit out of the most unlikely things ./Most things a rich person touches turn to gold, —in iki dünyası da mamurdur, proverb A rich person lives well in this world and also ensures that he’ll/she’ll live well in the next one by giving generously to the poor. — kesesini döver, züğürt dizini. proverb A rich person can use his/her money to realize his/her wishes; but when a poor person considers his/her wishes, he/she can only wring his/her hands in hopelessness, —in malı, züğürdün çenesini yorar, proverb A rich person’s wealth is a constant topic of conversation for a poor person, zenginerki, -ni (./..) plutocracy, zenginleme see zenginleşme, zenginlemek see zenginleşmek, zenginleşme 1. getting rich. 2. being enriched,
   enrichment.
zenginleşmek 1. to get rich. 2. to be enriched, zenginleştirilmiş enriched. — uranyum enriched uranium, zenginleştirme hi 1. making (s.o.) rich. 2. enriching, enrichment, zenginleştirmek fil 1. to make (s.o.) rich. 2. to enrich.
zenginlik 1. richness, wealthiness, affluence, opulence. 2. riches, wealth. 3. richness, productiveness, fertility. 4. richness, abundance, profusion. 5. richness, sumptuousness, costliness and gorgeousness, zenne 1. woman (used in combinations): zenne kundurası women’s shoes, zenne çorabı women’s stockings. 2. women’s wear; women’s clothing and shoes. 3. man who plays a woman’s part in the ortaoyunu, zenneci seller of clothing/shoes for women, zennelik 1. woman’s role to be played by a man; being a man who plays a woman’s role (in the ortaoyunu). 2. for women, women’s: zennelik ayakkabı women’s shoes, zeplin (/.) zeppelin. zer, -’i obs., see zeri.
zerdali (.—.) bot. a variety of apricot, Prunus armeniaca.
zerde a sweet, gelatinous dessert that has been colored and flavored with saffron, zerdeçal 1. turmeric (as a spice). 2. bot. turmeric, Curcuma longa. zerdeva zool. pine marten, Martes martes. Zerdüşt, -tü Zoroaster.
Zerdüşti (..—) 1. (a) Zoroastrian. 2. Zoroastrian, of or relating to Zoroastrianism.
Zerdüştlük Zoroastrianism, zeretmek (/..) hi obs. to sow (seed), zeri, -r’i obs. 1. sowing (seed). 2. grain growing in the field.
zerk, -ki med. hypodermic injection. — etmek h! med. to inject (s.t.) hypodermically, zerre 1. mote, atom, minute particle. 2. chem. molecule. — kadar colloq. the least bit, the slightest degree, zerrece (./.) 1. in the least, at all: Ona zerrece acımıyor. He doesn’t feel sorry for her in the least. 2. the least bit of, the slightest degree of: Onda zerrece iman yok. He doesn’t have an ounce of religious faith in him.
zerrevi (..—) obs., chem. molecular, zerrin 1. gold, golden, made of gold. 2. gold, golden, gold-colored. 3. bot. jonquil, Narcissus jonquilla. zerzevat, -ti 1. vegetables. 2. slang prostitute, whore.
zerzevatçı vegetable seller, zerzevatçılık selling vegetables, being a vegetable seller, zevahif (.—.) obs. reptiles, zevahir (.—.) outer appearance; appearances: Zevahire kapılma! Don’t be deceived by appearances. Zevahiri kurtarmak için baştan
zeval
 992
zıkkım
   savma bir makale yazıp dergiye yolladım.
   In order to make it look like I was working
   I      slapped together an article and sent it to the magazine, zeval, -li obs. 1. decline, wane. 2. disappearance.
    3. setting (of the sun). 4. noon. — bulmak (—e ermek) 1. to decline, wane. 2. to disappear. —i olmak /a/ to be harmful to, harm.
    —  vakti noon. — vermek /a/ 1. to harm. 2. to destroy. — e yüz tutmak to begin to decline.
zevali (.— —) used in: zevali saat obs. time as reckoned on a twelve-hour basis beginning at noon.
zevalsiz obs. everlasting, permanent, zevat, -ti (.—) obs. persons, zevce obs. wife, zevcelik obs. wifehood, zevceyn obs. husband and wife, man and wife, wedded couple, zevç obs. husband.
zeveban (..—) obs., chem. melting, fusion. — etmek to melt, fuse. — noktası melting point, fusion point, zevk, -ki 1. pleasure, delight, enjoyment, fun, delectation. 2. good taste, taste, discrimination. 3. (a) taste, (a) preference, (a) liking.
    4. sense of taste, gustation. — almak /dan/ to take/find pleasure in, enjoy, —ine bakmak colloq. to enjoy o.s. —ini bozmak /in/ colloq. 1. to spoil (s.o.’s) pleasure/fun. 2. to prevent someone from enjoying (s.t.) properly. —ini çıkarmak /in/ colloq. to enjoy (s.t.) to the full, —ten dört köşe olmak colloq. to jump for joy, be overjoyed, be very happy. — duymak /dan/ see zevk almak.
    —  edinmek h! to learn to take pleasure in (s.t.). — etmek colloq. to enjoy o.s., have fun. —ine gitmek Iml colloq. to give (s.o.) pleasure. — için colloq. for fun, for the fun of it. —ine mecbur colloq. (s.o.) who’s addicted to pleasure, who is a slave to pleasure, —ini okşamak Iml colloq. to give (s.o.) pleasure, —ine varmak Iml colloq. to discover the pleasure to be had from (s.t.); to begin to enjoy (s.t.). — vermek /a/ to give (s.o.) pleasure.
zevklenme 1. /la/ taking/finding pleasure in, enjoying. 2. becoming pleased/delighted. 3. /la/ making fun of, ridiculing, zevklenmek 1. /la/ to take/find pleasure in, enjoy. 2. to become pleased/delighted. 3. /la/ to make fun of, ridicule, zevkli 1. (s.t.) which gives one pleasure/delight, pleasurable, delightfully amusing. 2. (s.o.) who has good taste, tasteful, discriminating.
   3.     done in good taste, tasteful, zevksiz 1. (s.t.) which gives one no pleasure, boring, tedious, tiresome. 2. (s.o.) who lacks good taste. 3. not done in good taste, tasteless.
zevksizlik 1. lack of good taste, lack of taste.
    2. boredom, tedium, tiresomeness.
zevkusafa (...—) see zevküsafa. zevküsafa (...—) pleasure, amusement, fun. zevzek colloq. long-winded and boring (person), zevzeklenme colloq. chattering boringly, rattling on.
zevzeklenmek colloq. to chatter boringly, rattle on.
zevzeklik colloq. boring chatter. — etmek to chatter boringly, rattle on. zeybek 1. swashbuckling hero of southwestern Anatolian villages. 2. a dance of western Anatolia or its music, zeyil, -yli obs. 1. book written as a supplement or continuation of another writer’s work. 2. additional clause/provision, rider (to a law).
   3.    addendum, addition, supplement; postscript, postscriptum. zeyrek clever, quick-witted, bright, zeyreklik cleverness, quick-wittedness, brightness.
zeyt, -ti obs. 1. olive oil. 2. oil.
zeytin 1. olive. 2. bot. olive tree, Olea europaea.
   3.    made of olive wood, zeytinci grower/seller of olives, zeytincilik raising/selling olives, zeytingiller bot. Oleaceae. zeytinlik olive grove.
zeytinsi bot. drupaceous. — meyve drupe, stone fruit.
zeytinyağı, -m (./..) olive oil. — gibi üste çıkmak (— gibi suyun yüzüne çıkmak) colloq. (for a guilty person) to outwit his/her accusers and come out smelling like a rose, zeytinyağlı (./..) (food) made with olive oil; (food) which contains olive oil, (food) which has had olive oil poured over it.
zeytuni (.------) 1. olive green. 2. olive brown.
   3.    olive-green, colored olive green. 4. olive -brown, colored olive brown, zıbarma slang 1. dying, croaking, kicking the bucket. 2. passing out (after getting drunk).
   3.    going to sleep, falling asleep, zıbarmak slang 1. to die, croak, kick the bucket. 2. to pass out (after getting drunk). 3. to go to sleep, fall asleep, zıbın 1. very soft undershirt for a baby. 2. prov.
   shirt. 3. prov. jacket, zıddiyet, -ti 1. oppositeness, opposition, contrariety. 2. incompatibility, antagonism, zıh 1. piping; edging, trimming (on clothing/ upholstery). 2. molding (on a piece of carpentry). 3. border (around/along the edge of a printed page), zıhlama III putting piping, edging, trimming, molding, or a border along/around (s.t.). zıhlamak hi to put piping, edging, trimming, molding, or a border along/around (s.t.). zıkkım colloq. poison (used of s.t. harmful to eat, drink, smoke, etc.). —in kökü colloq.
   1. impossible thing. 2. damned stuff (used of s.t. harmful to eat, drink, smoke, etc). — olsun! colloq. May he/she/you choke (to death) on it!
zıkkımlanma                                  993
zıkkımknma colloq. eating/drinking/smoking/ using the damn stuff (said angrily). zıkkımlanmak colloq. 1. to eat/drink/smoke/use the damn stuff (said angrily): Çeneni kapat da zıkkımlan! Shut up and stuff some food in your gob! 2. hi to eat/drink/smoke/use the damn (stuff), zılgıt, -ti colloq. severe tongue-lashing. — vermek /a/ to give (s.o.) a severe tongue-lashing, pin (s.o.’s) ears back. — yemek to get a severe tongue-lashing, get one’s ears pinned back.
zımba (/.) 1. punch (used to perforate paper/ leather/cloth/metal). 2. stapler (tool used for stapling sheets of paper together). 3. hole made by a punch, punch, zımbalama hi 1. perforating (s.t.) with a punch, punching holes in. 2. stapling (sheets of paper) together (with a stapler). 3. slang *fuck-ing, *poking. 4. slang stabbing, knifing, zımbalamak lıl 1. to perforate (s.t.) with a punch, punch holes in. 2. to staple (sheets of paper) together (with a stapler). 3. slang to *fuck, *poke. 4. slang to stab, knife, zımbalı (/..) 1. punched, perforated with a punch. 2. stapled. — defter notebook each sheet of which has a perforated line at its top.
zimbirdatma hi colloq. strumming/thrumming/ twanging (a stringed instrument) discordantly, making (a stringed instrument) produce a discordant, unpleasant sound, zimbirdatmak hi colloq. to strum/thrum/twang (a stringed instrument) discordantly, make (a stringed instrument) produce a discordant, unpleasant sound, zımbırtı colloq. 1. discordant, unpleasant sound, noise, racket. 2. anything which produces a discordant, unpleasant sound. 3. what-do-you -call-it, thingamajig, thingamabob. zimn obs., used in: —mda because of, owing to, for: İzmir’e bir iş zımnında gitti. He went to Izmir on business, zımnen (/.) 1. indirectly, veiledly; by implication. 2. tacitly. 3. implicitly, zımni (.—) 1. indirect, veiled; implied. 2. tacit, unvoiced, unspoken. 3. implicit, zımpara (/..) emery. — kâğıdı sandpaper; emery paper. — makinesi sander, sanding machine. — takozu sand block, zımparalama lıl 1. sanding, sandpapering. 2. emerying, rubbing (s.t.) with emery or emery paper.
zımparalamak hi 1. to sand, sandpaper. 2. to emery, rub (s.t.) with emery or emery paper, zımparalanma 1. being sanded/sandpapered. 2. being emeried, being rubbed with emery or emery paper, zımparalanmak 1. to be sanded, be sandpapered. 2. to be emeried, be rubbed with emery or emery paper, zındık 1. atheist, unbeliever, zindiq, zendik. 2. impious free thinker.
                                                                                                 zırhlı
zındıklık 1. atheism/unbelief. 2. impious free thought.
zıngadak (/..) colloq. 1. (stopping, sitting down) suddenly and with a jolt. 2. (falling down) suddenly and hard, zmgildama see zangırdama, zmgildamak see zangırdamak, zmgil zmgil (./ ..) see zangır zangır, zıngırdama see zangırdama, zıngırdamak see zangırdamak, zıngırdatma lıl see zangırdatma, zıngırdatmak hi see zangırdatmak, zıngırtı see zangırtı, zıngır zıngır (./ ..) see zangır zangır, zınk used in: — diye (stopping) with a sudden, noisy jolt; with a jolt. — diye susturmak hi to shut (s.o.) up then and there, silence (s.o.) immediately, zip used in: — diye all of a sudden, suddenly: Adam zıp diye karşıma çıktı. The fellow suddenly appeared in front of me. zıpçıktı colloq. 1. (an) upstart, (a) parvenu. 2. upstart, parvenu, of or relating to an upstart/ a parvenu.
                                                         zıpır colloq. 1. reckless, madcap, wild, crazy.
   2. wild person, person who’s liable to behave rashly and recklessly.
zıpırlık colloq. wildness, recklessness, zıpka (/.) jodhpur-like trousers (worn by men who live along the coast of the Black Sea), zipkm harpoon; fishgig, gig; fish spear, zıpkıncı harpooner, harpooneer; gigger. zıplama 1. (s.t.’s) bouncing, bouncing up and down. 2. (s.o.’s) jumping up and down, zıplamak 1. (for s.t.) to bounce, bounce up and down. 2. (for s.o.) to jump up and down, zıplatma III 1. bouncing (a ball); dribbling (a basketball). 2. bouncing/dandling (a child).
    3.   causing (s.o.) to jump up and down, zıplatmak hi 1. to bounce (a ball); to dribble
                                                            (a basketball). 2. to bounce/dandle (a child).
    3.   to cause (s.o.) to jump up and down, zıppadak (/..) colloq. all of a sudden, suddenly, zıpzıp, -pi 1. (a) marble (a child’s toy). 2. ball hung on an elastic cord (a child’s toy), zip zip (/ .) 1. (s.t.’s bouncing) up and down.
   2. (s.o.’s jumping) up and down. 3. (walking) with a bounce, bouncingly, springily. 4. (moving) in a series of bounds, boundingly: Koridordan zıp zıp koştu. He bounded down the hall.
zırdeli (/..) colloq. completely nuts, stark raving mad.
                                                         zırh 1. suit of armor, armor; mail. 2. armor plating, armor (covering an armored vehicle), zırhlanma 1. (a vehicle’s) being plated with armor. 2. putting on one’s armor, zırhlanmak 1. (for a vehicle) to be plated with armor. 2. to put on one’s armor, zırhlı 1. armor-plated, armor-clad, armored. 2. mil. (unit) equipped with armored vehicles.
   3. (s.o.) clad in armor, armor-clad. 4. battleship; large, armor-plated warship.
zırıldama
 994
 zıyk
zırıldama 1. making an unpleasant noise, making a racket. 2. yammering, yakking, going on tiresomely. 3. blubbering, boohooing, crying, weeping, zırıldamak 1. to make an unpleasant noise, make a racket. 2. to yammer, yak, go on tiresomely. 3. to blubber, boohoo, cry, weep, zırıltı colloq. 1. (any) incessant, unpleasant noise, racket. 2. yammer, tiresome yakking.
   3. quarrel, row, squabble. 4. something that produces an unpleasant noise, racket-maker.
   5. what-do-you-call-it, thingamajig, thing-amabob.
zırıl zırıl (./ ..) colloq. incessantly and unpleasantly (of a sound). — ağlamak to weep a flood of tears. — terlemek to sweat buckets.
zırlak prov. 1. (s.o.) who yammers/yaks/goes on tiresomely. 2. weepy, (s.o.) who cries very easily. 3. zool. cricket, Gryllus. zırlama 1. making an unpleasant noise, making a racket. 2. yammering, yakking, going on tiresomely. 3. blubbering, boohooing, crying, weeping, zırlamak 1. to make an unpleasant noise, make a racket. 2. to yammer, yak, go on tiresomely.
   3.    to blubber, boohoo, cry, weep, zırlatma /ı/ 1. causing (s.t.) to produce an unpleasant noise, causing (s.t.) to produce a racket. 2. setting (s.o.) yammering/yakking, causing (s.o.) to start going on. 3. setting (s.o.) blubbering/boohooing/crying/weeping. zırlatmak /ı/ 1. to cause (s.t.) to produce an unpleasant noise, cause (s.t.) to produce a racket. 2. to set (s.o.) yammering/yakking, cause (s.o.) to start going on. 3. to set (s.o.) blubbering/boohooing/crying/weeping. zırnık 1. arsenic, zarnich, zarnec; orpiment; realgar. 2. the least little bit (of s.t.): Ismet’e ise, zırnık bile koklatmam! As for İsmet, I won’t leave him so much as a penny! Piyasada kahvenin zırnığı bile kalmadı. There’s not so much as a grain of coffee left on the market, zırtapoz colloq. 1. no-count, good-for-nothing; shiftless. 2. reckless, madcap, wild, crazy. 3. (a) no-count, (a) good-for-nothing. 4. wild person, person who’s liable to behave rashly and recklessly, zırtapozluk colloq. 1. good-for-nothingness;
   shiftlessness. 2. wildness, recklessness, zırt pirt (/ .) colloq. at any time whatsoever, whenever one feels like it: Avrupa’ya zırt pırt gidemezsin ki! You can’t just go to Europe whenever you feel like it! zirtullahikermani (..— ..— —) colloq. nut, maniac, person who has a screw loose, loon, loony, crackpot, zırt zırt (/ .) colloq., see zırt pirt. zırva 1. nonsense, bunk, rubbish, rot. 2. nonsensical, silly, stupid. — tevil götürmez. proverb It is no use trying to make sense out of a statement that is, in essence, non-
   sense.
zırvalama talking nonsense, talking rot. zırvalamak to talk nonsense, talk rot. zır zır (/ .) in an incessant, nerve-racking way: Bütün gün zır zır ağlamaktan başka bir şey yapmadın. You’ve done nothing but blubber and boohoo all day long, zirzop colloq., see zirzop, zıt, -ddı 1. opposite, contrary, person/thing that is the contrary of another, antithesis, anti-pode: Yener, Enver’in zıddı. Yener’s the opposite of Enver. Birbirinin tam zıddı olan iki şıkla karşı karşıya kaldı. He was face to face with two diametrically opposite choices. 2. antonym. 3. opposite, opposing, contrary, contradictory, antithetic, antithetical, antipodal. 4. antonymous. -ma basmak Iml colloq. to do exactly what (s.o.) does not want one to do. — düşmek /a/ colloq. (for one person/thing) to be the opposite of (another). — gitmek /la/ colloq. to persist in doing the opposite of what (s.o.) wants, -ma gitmek Iml (for s.t.) to rile (s.o.), be too much for (s.o.) to take. —ı olmak colloq. (for s.t.) to infuriate (s.o.), give (s.o.) the pip: Onun zıddı olan şeyleri yapma! Don’t do things that get her dander up! zıtlaşma 1. (people’s) behaving in diametrically opposite ways. 2. (people’s) becoming the opposite of each other, becoming diametrically opposite, zıtlaşmak 1. (for people) to behave in diametrically opposite ways. 2. (for people) to become the opposite of each other, become diametrically opposite, zıvana (./.) 1. short tube open at both ends (especially one used as a removable liner).
   2. (removable) liner (inserted in the mouthpiece of a hookah). 3. paper tube (used as a cigarette holder). 4. mortise (of a mortise -and-tenon joint); groove (of a tongue-and -groove joint). 5. (metal) filter (in a tobacco pipe). 6. shaft (of a millstone). 7. pin (on which the sheave of a pulley block turns), —dan çıkarmak hi colloq. to make (s.o.) blow his/her stack, put (s.o.) in a towering rage, —dan çıkmak colloq. 1. (for s.o.) to blow his/her stack, get in a towering rage.
   2.     to go insane, go off one’s nut. — deliği mortise. — delik geçme mortise-and-tenon joint. — dili tenon. — lambalı geçme tongue-and-groove joint, dişi — mortise, erkek — tenon, zıvanalı (./..) equipped/furnished with a zıvana, zıvanasız (./..) 1. (s.t.) which lacks a zıvana.
   2.    colloq. crazy, screwy, loony, zıvıtmak colloq. to go crazy, go nuts, lose one’s marbles, Brit, go bonkers, Brit, go round the bend.
zıya, -ai (.—) obs. loss: hafıza zıyaı amnesia, his zıyaı anesthesia, —a gitmek to become lost, disappear, zıyk, -ki obs. 1. narrowness, constrictedness. 2.
zıykmefes
995
zilli
    shortage, scarcity; lack, ziykinefes obs., see zıykısadır. zıykısadır, -dri med. dyspnea, zıypak prov. slick, slippery, zibelin 1. zool. sable, Martes zibellina. 2. sable fur, sable, zibeline, zibelline. zibidi colloq. 1. (s.o.) dressed in something that is too tight, too short, or too tight and too short. 2. dressed in an odd assortment of clothes. 3. slightly crazy, rather nutty. 4. penniless, flat broke. 5. shiftless, indolent, supine.
zifaf (a bridegroom’s/a bride’s) entering the bridal chamber on his/her wedding night. — gecesi wedding night. — odası bridal chamber.
zifir dark brown tar produced by burning tobacco (usually left as a deposit in the stem of a pipe). — gibi colloq. very dark, pitch black.
zifiri (.----) used in: — karanlık 1. complete
    darkness. 2. very dark, pitch black, ink black, zifos 1. mud (splashed upon one, as by a passing vehicle). 2. colloq. nonsensical, silly, stupid. — atmak /a/ colloq. to sling mud at, vilify; to slander, zift, -ti pitch (a substance obtained from the distillation of tars). — gibi colloq. bitter, —in pekini yesin! (Zift yesin!) He/She can go to hell for all I care! ziftinme prov., see siftinme, ziftinmek prov., see siftinmek, ziftleme /i/ pitching, applying pitch to; caulking, ziftlemek /ı/ to pitch, apply pitch to; to caulk, ziftlenmek 1. to be pitched; to be caulked. 2. colloq. to eat, stuff one’s face (said scorn-Jully). 3. hi colloq. to eat, stuff (food) in (said scornfully). 4. /dan/ colloq. to make a killing on (s.t.) (illegally), ziftli coated/covered with pitch; caulked, ziggurat, -ti ziggurat. zigospor bot. zygospore, zigot, -tu biol. zygote, zigoten biol. zygotene, zigurat, -ti see ziggurat. zihaf Ott. poet, reading a long vowel as if it were short (in order to make it conform to the meter of a poem), zihayat, -ti (—.—) obs. alive, living, zihin, -hni 1. mind, intellect. 2. memory, mind.
    3. comprehension, understanding, capacity/ power to comprehend. — açıklığı mental alertness. — i açılmak to feel mentally alert, —ini açmak to make (one) feel mentally alert, stimulate (one’s) powers of thought, —ini bozmak /la/ colloq. to be too obsessed by, be too concerned with, be hipped on. —ini bulandırmak colloq. to make (one) suspicious, make (one) smell a rat. — bulanıklığı psych, mental confusion, obnubilation of the intellect. —i bulanmak colloq. to get confused, get muddled up. —ini çelmek Iml colloq. 1. to bring (s.o.) under one’s sway, mesmerize. 2. to confuse, cause (s.o.)
    to get muddled up, muddle (s.o.) up. 3. to seduce/corrupt (s.o.). — i dağılmak for one’s mind to wander. — i durmak for one’s brain to stop working; (for s.o.) to be unable to think clearly, be mentally fatigued. — gücü mental capacity. — hesabı mental arithmetic, mental calculation. — i karışmak colloq. to get confused, get muddled up. —ini karıştırmak Iml to confuse, muddle (s.o.) up. —ini kurcalamak colloq. 1. (for s.t.) to keep popping into (one’s) mind, recur to (one) repeatedly. 2. to think hard; to try hard to recall something; to try hard to understand something. —ini oynatmak colloq. to go crazy, go off one’s nut. — i saplanmak /a/ colloq. to become obsessed by. — i takılmak /a/ colloq. to be unable to put (s.t.) out of (one’s) mind, —ine takılmak colloq. (for a thought) to keep recurring to (one). — yorgunluğu mental fatigue. — yormak to ponder, think hard, rack one’s brains, zihnen (/.) mentally, zihni (.—) mental, intellectual, zihniyet, -ti mentality, zikiymet (—..) obs. valuable; costly, zikir, -kri 1. mention, mentioning. 2. Islamic mysticism repeating, silently or aloud, the word Allah, the ninety-nine names of God, or formulas which praise God, zikr, dhikr.
   —i geçmek Iml to be mentioned, zikretme (/..) 1. hi mentioning. 2. Islamic mysticism repeating/chanting/intoning (the word Allah, the ninety-nine names of God, or formulas which praise God), zikretmek (/..) 1. hi to mention. 2. Islamic mysticism to repeat/chant/intone (the word Allah, the ninety-nine names of God, or formulas which praise God), zikudret, -ti (—..) obs. powerful; capable, zikzak 1. (a) zigzag. 2. zigzag, zigzaggy: zikzak yol a zigzag road/switchback, zikzak dikiş zigzag stitching. — yapmak 1. to zigzag, follow a zigzag course. 2. colloq. to change one’s mind frequently, go first one way and then another, zikzaklı zigzag, zigzaggy: çok zikzaklı bir patika a very zigzaggy path, zil 1. doorbell; (electrically operated) bell; buzzer. 2. small bell attached to a device (e.g. the bell of an alarm clock). 3. cymbal. 4. jingle (in the hoop of a tambourine). 5. zill, finger cymbal (used like a castanet). 6. slang very hungry, famished, ravenous. — gibi colloq. drunk as a lord, looped, soused, feeling no pain. — takıp oynamak colloq. to jump for joy, dance a jig.
Zilhicce Dhu’l-Hijja (the twelfth month of the Islamic calendar).
Zilkade (.—.) Dhu’l-Qa’dah (the eleventh month of the Islamic calendar), zillet, -ti despicableness, vileness, zilli 1. provided with a bell/a doorbell/a cymbal/ a jingle/a finger cymbal. 2. slang shrewish
zillimaşa
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zirzopluk
   (woman), —yi kırmak slang to eat. —yi şişirmek slang to have a big meal, stuff o.s. zillimaşa (./..) 1. rhythm instrument made of tongs to which tiny cymbals have been attached. 2. slang shrewish (woman), zilsiz not provided with a bell/a doorbell/a cymbal/a jingle/a finger cymbal. — oynamak colloq. to jump for joy. zilve prov., see zelve.
zilyet law 1. possessor, owner, proprietor. 2. naked possessor, possessor, zilyetlik law 1. possession, ownership, proprietorship. 2. naked possession. — davası possessory action, zilzurna (/..) used in: — sarhoş colloq. blind drunk, stinking drunk, stinko, plowed, blotto, higher than a kite, drunk as a lord, zimamdar (.— —) obs. 1. person in charge, administrator, manager. 2. (s.o.) who is in charge of running something.
Zimbabve (./.) 1. Zimbabwe. 2. Zimbabwean, of Zimbabwe.
Zimbabveli (..'..) 1. (a) Zimbabwean. 2. Zimbabwean (person), zimbalum mus. cimbalom, cymbalom, Hungarian gypsy dulcimer, zimmet, -ti 1. accounting debit (as opposed to a credit). 2. (a) debt; the totality of debts (owed by a firm). 3. charge, responsibility, obligation, or duty, —ine geçirmek 1. /ı, ml to debit (an amount of money) against/to (s.o.’s) account. 2. hi to debit (an amount of money) against/to (one’s own) account. 3. hi to embezzle, —inde olmak Iml 1. to be answerable for, be held accountable for (a specified amount of money): Nadir’in zimmetinde üç yüz milyar lira var. Nadir’s answerable for three hundred billion liras. Bu Nagant zimmetimdedir. I’m responsible for this Nagant revolver. 2. (for one person) to owe (another): Mete’nin zimmetinde elli milyon lira alacağım var. Mete owes me fifty million liras. — sütunu accounting debit column, zimmi (.—) hist, zimmi, dhimmi, non-Muslim subject of an Islamic ruler, zina (.—) law adultery; fornication, zincifre 1. cinnabar, red mercuric sulfide. 2.
   minium, red lead, zincir 1. chain: saat zinciri watch chain, kapı zinciri door chain, tekerlek zinciri tire chain. 2. necklace (in the form of a chain); gold necklace. 3. chain, series, succession: dağlar zinciri chain of mountains. 4. formerly a heavy iron chain shackled to a prisoner’s ankle with a ring and tied to his back with a rope. 5. classical Turk. mus. an usul.
   —  çekmek crocheting to do a chain stitch.
   —e vurmak h! to put (s.o.) in chains; to put a pranga on (s.o.). zincirleme 1. hi chaining. 2. Ill arranging (s.t.) in a series. 3. arranged in a series, arranged like the links of a chain; successive. 4. (s.t.’s
    happening) like a chain reaction; (event’s occurring) successively, one after the other. — kaza end-to-end pileup (traffic collision in which several vehicles collide with each other end to end). — tepkime chem. chain reaction.
zincirlemek hi 1. to chain. 2. to arrange (s.t.) in a series.
zincirlenme 1. being chained. 2. being arranged in a series.
zincirlenmek 1. to be chained. 2. to be arranged in a series.
                                                            zincirli 1. chained: Köpek zincirli. The dog’s chained up. 2. equipped with a chain. — testere chain saw. zincirlik naut. chain locker, zindan 1. hist, prison; close, dark prison, dungeon. 2. colloq. close, dark place; dungeon -like place. — etmek /ı, a/ colloq. to make (a place) seem like a prison to, make (a place) a prison for, make (a place) a place of misery for. — kesilmek colloq. 1. (for a place) to get very dark. 2. /a/ suddenly to become like a prison to (s.o.). — olmak /a/ to become like a prison to, become a place of misery for (s.o.). zindandelen (./..) colloq., zool. large bonito (weighing over two kilos), Pelamys sarda. zinde 1. energetic and alert. 2. robust and active, zindelik 1. energy and alertness. 2. robustness and activity, zinhar (/.) 1. Never!/In no way whatsoever!/ No way.VNot on your life!/Not in a million years! (used as an emphatic negative reply).
   2.    Whatever you do, don’t (do s.t.): Zinhar o saati ona verme! Whatever you do, don’t give him that watch! zir (—) obs. the space beneath: Zirde sıralanan maddeler dikkatle incelenmeli. The clauses listed below should be gone over with care, zira (—'—) because, ziraat, -ti agriculture, ziraatçı agriculturist.
ziraatçılık agriculture, farming; being an agriculturist.
zirai (.------) agricultural.
zirkon geol. zircon, zirkonyum (./.) chem. zirconium, zirman slang big, strapping (man), ziruh (— —) obs. alive, living, zirüzeber (—...) obs. upside down, topsy-turvy, in utter confusion, zirve summit, peak, apex. — toplantısı summit meeting, zirzop, -pu colloq. 1. reckless, madcap, wild, crazy. 2. wild person, person who’s liable to behave rashly and recklessly, zirzoplaşma colloq. getting out of line, becoming brash, zirzoplaşmak colloq. to get out of line, become brash.
zirzopluk colloq. 1. wildness, recklessness. 2. brashness; impudence; tactlessness.
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ziya (.—) light (as opposed to darkness). ziyadar (.— —) full of light; shining, bright, ziyade (.—.) 1. /dan/ more, greater: Esin’in tecrübesi Pelin’inkinden ziyade. Esin’s more experienced than Pelin. 2. /dan/ rather than, more than: Burası, evden ziyade müzeye benziyor. This place is more like a museum than a house. Matematikten daha ziyade tarihi seviyor. He likes history more than he does math. 3. what is left over, excess, surplus: Ziyadesini bana ver! Give me what’s left over. 4. a lot of, much; many: O günlerde ziyade yiyecek vardı. In those days food was plentiful. 5. excessive; too much; too many. 6. very, extremely, exceedingly. 7. excessively, too. 8. (doing s.t.) a lot, a great deal, considerably, greatly, much.
   9.  (doing s.t.) to an excessive degree, overmuch. 10. needless, unnecessary. 11. needlessly, unnecessarily. 12. courtyard (of a mosque), —siyle 1. very, extremely, exceedingly: ziyadesiyle çalışkan very hardworking. 2. excessively, too. 3. (doing s.t.) a lot, a great deal, considerably, greatly, much. 4. (doing s.t.) to an excessive degree, overmuch.
   —   olsun! Thank you very much! (said to s.o. after eating s.t. he/she has offered one).
ziyafet, -ti (.—.) lavish meal; banquet, feast. — çekmek/vermek /a/ to give (s.o.) a lavish meal/a banquet; to hold a lavish meal/a banquet in (s.o.’s) honor, ziyan loss; damage; harm. — etmek 1. Ill to waste. 2. to suffer a loss. — olmak to go to waste, go for nothing, be wasted. — i yok. colloq. Never mind!/Forget it!/No harm done! — zebil olmak colloq. to go to waste, go for nothing, be wasted, ziyankâr (..—) destructive (person/animal), ziyankârlık (..— .) destructiveness, ziyansız 1. harmless (person/animal). 2. colloq.
   not so bad, pretty good, ziyaret, -ti (.—.) 1. visit; call. 2. pilgrimage.
   —   etmek hi 1. to visit (s.o.); to call on (s.o.).
   2. to visit (a place). 3. to make a pilgrimage to (a sacred place). — e gitmek h! 1. to go to visit (s.o./a place). 2. to go on a pilgrimage to (a sacred place), —ine gitmek /in/ to go to visit (s.o./a place).
ziyaretçi (.—..) 1. visitor; caller. 2. pilgrim, ziyaretgâh (.— .—) place of pilgrimage, ziynet, -ti 1. (an) ornament, (a) decoration; ornamentation, decoration, adornment. 2. piece of jewelry. — altını gold coin worn as a piece of jewelry. — askısı ornament suspended either from the ceiling of a mosque or from a lamp fixture in a mosque. — eşyası jewelry, ziynetli 1. ornamented, decorated. 2. (s.o.) who is wearing jewelry, bejeweled, jeweled, ziynetsiz 1. devoid of ornamentation, unadorned, plain. 2. (s.o.) who is not wearing any jewel-ry.
zloti (.'.) zloty (monetary unit of Poland).
Zn chem. Zn (zinc), zodyak (/.) astr. zodiac, zoka (/.) 1. fish-shaped lure (used to catch large fish). 2. slang trick, trap. — yı yutmak slang to fall for a trick, take the bait. —yi yutturmak /a/ slang to make (s.o.) fall for a trick, make (s.o.) take the bait, zolota (./.) 1. a silver coin (minted by the Ottoman government). 2. formerly zloty (a Polish silver coin), zom slang 1. dead drunk, blotto, three sheets in the wind, stinking drunk, stinko. 2. mature, adult (person). — olmak slang to get dead drunk, drink o.s. under the table, zomlama slang getting dead drunk, drinking o.s.
   under the table, zomlamak slang to get dead drunk, drink o.s.
   under the table, zona (/.) path, shingles, zona, zoster, herpes zoster.
zonklama throbbing with pain, zonklamak to throb with pain, zonklatma hi causing (some part of one’s body) to throb with pain, zonklatmak hi to cause (some part of one’s body) to throb with pain, zonk zonk (/ .) used as an intensive with zonklamak: Kafam zonk zonk zonkluyordu. My head was throbbing terribly. — etmek see zonklamak. zooHli zoophilia, zoophilism. zoofobi zoophobia, zoofor zophorus, zoophorus. zoolog zoologist, zooloji zoology, zoolojik zoological, zoologic. zoonosiz path, zoonosis, zooplankton zooplankton. zoospor biol. zoospore.
zootekni zootechny, zootechnics, animal husbandry.
zooteknisyen zootechnician, animal husbandman.
zooterapi zootherapy, veterinary therapeutics, zootoksin zootoxin.
zor 1. trouble, difficulty, worry, problem: Hiç bir zoru yok. He’s got nothing troubling him. 2. bodily ailment/disorder: Emin’in akimdan zoru var galiba. It looks like Emin’s touched in the head. Nergis’in midesinden zoru var. Nergis’s got a stomach complaint.
   3. compulsion, constraint, obligation, necessity: Bunu yapmak zorunda değilim. I’m not obliged to do this. Ne zorun vardı bunu yapmaya? What made you feel obliged to do this? 4. physical violence or the threat of physical violence, force: Zoru görünce direnmekten vazgeçti. When threatened with force he stopped holding out. Beni zor kullanmaya mecbur etme! Don’t make me use force! 5. pressure, coercion (exerted upon a person’s mind): Onları ancak zor kullanarak hizaya getirebilirsin. The only way you
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 998
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    can get them to fall into line is to pressure them. 6. difficult, hard. 7. with difficulty. 8. barely, just. Z—! You’re going to have some trouble doing that! (often said tauntingly).
    —  bela colloq. 1. with very great difficulty, with the greatest of dificulty. 2. just barely, —a, beylerin borcu var/vardır, proverb Even powerful men cough up money for people who threaten them with violence, —unda bırakmak /ı/ to leave (s.o.) no choice but (to do s.t.). —a dağlar dayanmaz. proverb Even the mighty yield when threatened with violence, —a düşmek colloq. to get in a difficult position, get in a tight spot, get in a bind, —a gelememek colloq. to be unable to stand stress, be unable to endure pressure. — gelmek /a/ (for s.t.) to be difficult for (s.o.). —unda kalmak to be left no choice but (to do s.t.). — kapıdan girerse, şeriat bacadan çıkar, proverb When the law of the jungle begins to prevail the religious law is forgotten, —a koşmak /ı/ colloq. to make things difficult for (s.o.), make difficulties for (s.o.). — kullanmak to use force. — un ne? colloq. What’s making you (do s.t.)?: Zorun ne ki beni Öyle sorguya çekiyorsun? What’s making you give me the third degree like this? —unda olmak to have to, be obliged to (do s.t.). — oyunu bozar, proverb When people stop playing by the rules and resort to violence instead, the result is chaos. — yaparsın! You’re going to have some trouble doing that (often said tauntingly). — zar colloq., see zar zor. — / —u zoruna colloq. 1. with very great difficulty, with the greatest of difficulty. 2. just barely.
zoraki (.—.) 1. forced, done under force/compulsion/pressure; strained. 2. (s.o.) who does something only because he’s/she’s compelled to do so; (s.o.) who does something against his/her will. 3. (doing s.t.) under compulsion/ under duress/against one’s will, zoralım (/..) law confiscation, seizure, —a çarpmak hi to confiscate, seize, zorba 1. person who gets what he wants by using force or the threat of force, strong -armer; bully; browbeater; usurper. 2. tyrant.
    3. (s.o.) who gets what he wants by using force or the threat of force. 4. tyrannical, tyrannous.
zorbalık 1. strong-arm methods/tricks; bullying behavior; browbeating behavior; usurpative behavior. 2. tyranny, tyrannicalness. — yönetimi pol. tyranny, tyrannical rule, zorgu psych, compulsion, zorgulu psych. 1. compulsive. 2. imposed by force.
zorgululuk psych, compulsiveness, zorilla (./.) zool. zoril, zorille, zorilla, muis-hond, African polecat, Ictonyx. zorla (/.) 1. by force, by main force. 2. by exerting pressure. — güzellik olmaz, proverb
   If you try to do something using force, the results will be unsatisfactory, zorlama 1. /ı, a/ forcing/constraining/coercing/ compelling (s.o.) (to do s.t.); constraint; coercion; compulsion. 2. /i/ putting pressure on, putting (s.o.) under pressure, pressuring/ pressing (s.o.) insistently. 3. /i/ trying to force (s.t.) open, trying to break (s.t.) open. 4. hi straining, exerting (o.s.) to the utmost. 5. /i/ straining, putting a strain upon (s.t.). 6. forced: zorlama yürüyüş forced march, zorlamak 1. /ı, a/ to force/constrain/coerce/compel (s.o.) (to do s.t.). 2. h! to put pressure on, put (s.o.) under pressure, pressure/press (s.o.) insistently. 3. hi to try to force (s.t.) open, try to break (s.t.) open: Kapıyı zorlama! Don’t try to force the door open! 4. hi to strain, exert (o.s.) to the utmost. 5. hi to strain, put a strain upon (s.t.). zorlanma 1. /a/ being forced/constrained/compelled (to do s.t.); being coerced (into doing s.t.). 2. being pressured/pressed insistently.
   3.  being forced open, being broken open. 4. (s.o.’s) being hard pressed, being put to it.
   5.     psych, stress, strain. 6. (s.t.’s) being strained, being put under a strain, zorlanmak 1. /a/ to be forced/constrained/compelled (to do s.t.); to be coerced (into doing s.t.). 2. to be pressured/pressed insistently.
   3.     to be forced open, be broken open. 4. (for s.o.) to be hard pressed, be put to it. 5. (for s.t.) to be strained, be put under a strain, zorlaşma getting difficult, getting hard, zorlaşmak to get difficult, get hard, zorlaştırma hi making (s.t.) difficult, zorlaştırmak hi to make (s.t.) difficult, zorlayıcı coercive, forcible; compelling. — nedenler law forces majeures, circumstances beyond one’s control, zorlu 1. powerful; violent; furious; hard: zorlu bir yağmur a hard rain. 2. (s.o.) who knows how to get what he/she wants, strong-willed and capable. 3. powerful, influential. 4. difficult; hard.
zorluk difficulty; difficultness, hardness. — çıkarmak to make things difficult, make trouble.
zorunlu 1. obligatory, absolutely necessary; indispensable. 2. compulsory; imperative; mandatory. 3. unavoidable. 4. phil. apodictic, apodictical, apodeictic. — koşul phil. conditio sine qua non, indispensable condition.
   —      tasarruf forced saving, zorunluculuk phil. necessitarianism, determinism.
zorunluk see zorunluluk, zorunluluk 1. absolute necessity, obligation; indispensability. 2. something imperative/ mandatory; obligatoriness; imperativeness; mandatoriness. 3. unavoidable/inevitable thing, inevitability; unavoidability, unavoidableness; inevitableness, zorunsuz 1. not absolutely necessary or obliga-
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   tory; unnecessary, dispensable. 2. not compulsory, imperative, or mandatory, optional.
    3.    avoidable, evitable; not inevitable. 4. phil. not apodictic, uncertain, zorunsuzluk 1. unnecessariness, dispensability.
    2. optionality. 3. evitableness.
Zr chem. Zr (zirconium), zuhr obs. noon, midday, zuhur (.—) obs. 1. appearance, becoming visible, coming into view. 2. sudden happening.
    —     etmek 1. to appear, become visible, come into view. 2. to take place suddenly, come about suddenly, zuhurat, -ti (.— —) obs. unforeseen events, contingencies, —a tabi (s.t.) which depends on a course of events which is at present unknown, which is contingent on what may happen at a future time, contingent, zuhuri (.— —) player in the ortaoyunu. — kolu troupe of ortaoyunu players, zula (/.) slang hiding place, cache (for stolen/ smuggled goods). — etmek hi slang 1. to steal. 2. to hide, conceal, zulm see zulüm.
zulmet, -ti obs. darkness; gloom; deep shadowiness.
zulmetme (.'..) /a/ 1. behaving unjustly towards; oppressing, oppression; tyrannizing over. 2. behaving cruelly towards, zulmetmek (/..) /a/ 1. to behave unjustly towards; to oppress; to tyrannize over. 2. to behave cruelly towards, zulüm, -lmü 1. injustice; oppression; tyranny.
    2.    cruelty, lack of feeling, heartlessness, zum phot, zoom, zooming. — merceği zoom lens, varifocal lens, zu’m obs. mistaken supposition; false assumption. —unca according to (s.o.’s) mistaken supposition.
zurna (/.) 1. mus. a reed instrument somewhat resembling an obo£.. 2. slang big nose, schnozzle, schnozz, schnozzola. 3. slang penis, tool. 4. slang dead drunk, three sheets in the wind, blotto, pie-eyed. — gibi colloq. tightly fitting (trousers). —yı muazzam colloq. stupid and excessively talkative person, great windbag (used sarcastically), —da peşrev olmaz (ne çıkarsa bahtına), proverb Don’t expect to find rules or method in something which is based on improvisation.
    —nm zırt dediği yer colloq. the most critical point (of a job), zurnabalığı, -ni (/....) zool. saury, skipper, Scomberesox sauriis. zurnacı (/..) player of a zurna. — nm karşısında limon yemek colloq. to try mischievously to prevent someone from doing something.
zurnapa (./.) prov., zool. giraffe, Giraffa camelopardal is. zuum, zu’mu obs., see zu’m. zübde obs. 1. the choicest part, the best part, the cream, the flower (of s.t.). 2. essence,
   substance, gist, main point. 3. summary, synopsis, resume, abstract, zücaciye (.—..) glassware; dishes; china; porcelain.
zücaciyeci (.—...) seller of glassware and dishes;
   seller of glassware, china, and porcelain, züğürt penniless, broke. — olup düşünmek-tense, uyuz olup kaşınmak yeğdir, proverb It’s better to have the itch and have to scratch like a hound than to be flat broke. — tesellisi colloq. 1. trying to console o.s. by making out that an unimportant trifle is as important as the big thing which one has lost or failed to gain. 2. an unimportant trifle which, in order to console o.s., one makes out to be as important as the big thing which one has lost or failed to gain, züğürtleme becoming penniless, going broke, züğürtlemek to become penniless, go broke. Züğürtleyen bezirgân/tüccar eski defterlerini karıştırır, proverb (The bankrupt merchant goes through his old account books carefully.) 1. A bankrupt person always hopes he/she can find some old debts that he’s/she’s forgotten to collect. 2. A person who is down on his/her luck tries to console himself/herself by remembering better days, züğürtleşme see züğürtleme, züğürtleşmek see züğürtlemek, züğürtlük pennilessness, being broke. —, zade-liği bozar, proverb Poverty has a way of making an aristocrat behave in an unaristo-cratic way.
Zühal, -li astr. Saturn.
Zühre astr. Venus.
zührevi (..—) path, venereal, resulting from or contracted during sexual intercourse: zührevi hastalıklar venereal diseases, züht, -hdü renunciation of the world and its pleasures in order to devote o.s. more completely to God, asceticism, zühul, -lü (.^r) obs. error resulting from inattention, ftiadvertence, oversight, slip; slip of the tongue; slip of the pen. zükâm (.—) obs., path, cold, catarrh, zül, -11ü obs., see zillet, zülf see zülüf.
zülfaris bot. snailflower, Phaseolus caracalla. zülfaruz (..—) bot., see zülfaris. zülüf, -lfü 1. sidelock, earlock, lock of hair falling at the side of the face. 2. lock/tress (of the hair of one’s beloved). — ü yâre dokunmak colloq. to offend one of the powers that be, step on a bigwig’s toes, zülüflü (s.o.) who has sidelocks/earlocks. zümre group/set/class/category (of people). — hâkimiyeti pol. oligarchy, zümrüdi (..—) emerald-green, emerald. Zümrüdüanka (./..—) Simurgh (a mythical bird). — gibi 1. wonderful but imaginary. 2. wonderful (person/thing) which one has only heard about but never actually seen, zümrüt 1. emerald (a gemstone). 2. emerald.
zümrütlenme
1000
züyut
   emerald green (a color). 3. emerald; made of emerald; set with emeralds: zümrüt kolye an emerald necklace. 4. emerald-green, emerald. — yeşili 1. emerald, emerald green (a color). 2. emerald-green, emerald, zümrütlenme turning emerald green, zümrütlenmek to turn emerald green, zümrütleşme see zümrütlenme. zümrütleşmek see zümrütlenmek. zünnar (.—) belt made of haircloth (once worn by Christian monks/priests), zünup (.—-) obs. sins; transgressions, offenses, misdeeds.
züppe 1. affected dandy, fop, coxcomb. 2. person who’s given to flashy and superficial display, show-off. 3. pretentious and la-di-da person, la-di-da, Brit. toff. A. formerly person who apes Western ways, züppelik 1. foppishness, dandyism, coxcombry.
   2.     flash and superficiality, showing off. 3. la-di-da, pretentious and exaggerated gentility. 4 .formerly aping of Western ways, zürafa (.—.) 1. zool. giraffe, Gircijfa Camelopar-
   dalis. 2. slang lesbian, homosexual woman, zürefa (..—) 1. obs. refined people, polite society. 2. obs. elegant people. 3. obs. people who have a subtle wit. 4. slang lesbians, female homosexuals. 5. slang lesbian, female homosexual. —mn düşkünü, beyaz giyer kış günü, proverb 1. When a person who dresses elegantly falls on hard times, he/she has to forget about elegance and wear anything he/she can find, no matter how ragged or ugly it is. 2. When a person comes down in the world, he/she becomes an object of ridicule for many people, zürefalık (..— .) 1. obs. elegance. 2. obs. subtle wit. 3. slang lesbianism, homosexuality among women.
Zürih (.'.) Zurich, zürra, -ai (.—) obs. farmers, zürriyet, -ti progeny, offspring, descendants, züvvar (.—) obs. 1. visitors; callers. 2. pilgrims, züyuf (.—) obs. debased/counterfeit coins. — akçe debased/counterfeit coins, züyut, -tu (.—) obs. oils.
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